|
Ernest Klein
A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary Of The Hebrew Language For Readers Of English (https://www.sefaria.org/Klein_Dictionary) Carta Jerusalem; 1st edition, 1987 ת Tav |
|
ת The twenty-second letter of the Heb. alphabet. The name of the letter, תָּו or תָּיו (‘Tav’, also ‘Taw’), means ‘sign’, ‘mark’; so called in allusion to the ancient form of this letter. In PBH it has the numerical value of four hundred. In the Sem. languages ת alternates with ד, ט and שׁ (see the introductory entries to these letters). ת often appears as the first radical in secondary bases enlarged from primary ones; see תאב ᴵ, תוה, תחל, possibly also תהל (supposed to be the base of תָּהֳלָה). The ת in these cases is either traceable to the ת of the conjugation הִתְפַּעֵל, or is originally identical with the subst. pref. תּ◌ (see תַּ◌, תִּ◌, תּוֹ◌). See תבע. תּ◌ see pref. תַּ◌. תַּ◌, תִּ◌, תּוֹ◌, תְּ◌ subst. pref. Nouns with prefixed ת generally serve: 1 as verbal nouns of the Qal, usually strengthening the basic meaning of the verb; 2 in most cases, esp. in the form ‘taqtīl’, as verbal nouns of the Pi‘ēl, corresponding to Arab. ‘taqtīl’, verbal n. of the second (intensive) conjugation; see תַּשְׁמִישׁ; 3 However, since in Hebrew the intensive conjugation (Pi‘ēl) and the causative conjugation (Hiph‘īl) are closely related in sense (e.g. the Pi‘ēl often has a causative meaning, which is the primary sense of the Hiph‘īl), and because the form ‘taqtīl’ is very similar to the Hiph‘īl (perf. הִפְעִיל, imperf. יַפְעִיל), therefore it often occurs that ‘taqtīl’ is the verbal noun form for verbs in the Hiph‘īl; 4 Quite rarely verbal nouns with pref. תּ◌ are related to the Niph‘āl or the Hithpa‘ēl. תַּ◌ is the mostly used prefix forming verbal nouns in Hebrew. It is related to Aram-Syr. תַּ◌, תֶּ◌, Arab. ta-, ti-, Ethiop. ta-, ti-, Akka. ta. In all Sem. languages the prefixes מ◌ and ת◌ are often interchangeable. cp. e.g. תַּרְבִּית and מַרְבִּית (= interest, profit), תּוֹצָא and מוֹצָא (= outgoing), תְּשׁוּבָה (= return), and מְשׁוּבָה (= backsliding), תַּאֲוָה and מַאֲוַיִים (= desire), תַּחֲלוּאִים and מַחֲלוּיִים (= sickness), תִּירוֹשׁ and Aram. מֵירְתָא, Syr. מֶארִיתָא (= must, new wine), Syr. תַּרְנִיתָא and מַרְנִיתָא (= meditation), Arab. tiqwāl and miqwāl (= chatterer, babbler), tīfāq and mīfāq (= first appearance). cp. pref. מ◌. תִּ◌ form of pref. תַּ◌ (q.v.). תְּ◌ form of pref. תַּ◌ (q.v.). ◌ֶת (after gutturals ◌ַת) f. subst. & adj. suff. cp. e.g. דֶּלֶת (= door), קֶשֶׁת (= bow), שֶׁבֶת (= to sit), לֶדֶת (= to bear), דַּעַת (= to know), גְּבֶרֶת (= mistress, lady), נֽחֹשֶת (= copper), שׁוֹמֶרֶת (= watching). It is esp. common in participles and infinitives: שׁוֹמֶרֶת is more frequent than שׁוֹמְרָה, לֶדֶת than לֵדָה. [This suffdeveloped from t which had perhaps orig. demonstrative force. It appears in the Sem. languages in two forms: 1 as t, whence: Heb. ◌ת, as in בַּת (= daughter), שֽׁתַּיִ◌ (= two), ◌ֶת in אוֹהֶבֶת (= loving), יוֹשֶׁבֶת (= sitting), etc.; t appears also in Arabic in a few nouns, as in bint (= daughter), ’uḫt (= sister), and in thintai (= two) (f.); in Ethiop. bent (= pupil of the eye), ’eḫt (= sister), walat (= daughter), tamart (= palm tree), negesht (= queen; f. of negūsh, ‘king’); in Akka. bintu (= daughter), shattu (= year), talīmtu (= sister), batūltu (= virgin), ti’āmtu (= sea); and prob. in the Aram. nouns בַּת (= daughter), שַׁתָּא (= year). 2 as -at, which became ◌ָה (orig. only in pause), whence Heb. ◌ָה, as in סוּסָה (= mare; from סוּס, ‘horse’); see first suff. ◌ָה.] תָּא ᴵ m.n. (pl. תָּאִים, also תָּאוֹת) 1 cell (in all its meanings). 2 room, compartment (esp. in the Temple). NH 3 box (in a theater). [Together with Aram. תַּוָּא, תַּוָּנָא, Syr. תָּוָנָא (= cell), borrowed from Akka. tā’u (= room).] Derivatives: תָּאוֹן, תָּאִי, תָּאִית. cp. תָּוָן. תָּא ᴵᴵ v. PBH come! [Aram., imper. of אֲתָא (= he came). See אָתָה.] תאב ᴵ to long for, desire. תאב ᴵᴵ to loathe, abhor. תַּֽאַב m.n. MH longing for, yearning for, desire (poetically). [From תאב ᴵ.] תָּאֵב adj. PBH longing, yearning. [From תאב ᴵ. cp. the first element in תְּאַבְדֵּעַ.] תְּאַבְדֵּעַ adj. NH curious, inquisitive (now, as a rule, superseded by סַקְרָן). [Coined in the form תְּאַבְדֵּעִי by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) for תָּאֵב לָדַעַת (= desirous to know). See ת ב[[illegible]] and ידע.] Derivative: תְּאַבְדֵּעוּת. תְּאַבְדֵּעוּת f.n. NH curiosity, quisitiveness. [Formed from תְּאֵבְדֵּעַ with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּאֲבָה f.n. longing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 119:20). [Formed from תאב ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.] תֵּאָבוֹן m.n. PBH 1 desire. 2 appetite. [Formed from תאב ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivatives: תַּאֲבוֹנִי, מְתַאֲבֵן, תאבן. תַּאֲבוֹנִי adj. NH appetizing. [Formed from תֵּאָבוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] תאבן to appetize. תַּאֲגִיד m.n. NH corporation. [Formed from אגד (= to bind, tie, join together), with pref. תַּ◌.] תאה to mark out a boundary. תְּאוֹ m.n. (pl. תְּאוֹאִים) buffalo (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 14:5). [Of uncertain origin. A clean animal, properly ‘wild sheep’.] cp. תּוֹא. תֵּאוֹ◌ see תֵּיאוֹ◌. תָּאוּב adj. MH longing for, desirous. [Pass. part. of תָּאַב (= he longed for, desired; see תאב ᴵ). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.] תַּאֲוָה ᴵ f.n. 1 desire, wish. 2 passion, appetite. [From אוה (= to desire, long for).] Derivatives: תַּאֲוִי, תַּאֲוָנוּת, תַּאֲוָנִי, תַּאֲוְתָן. תַּאֲוָה ᴵᴵ f.n. boundary, limit (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 49:26). [Prob. derived from תָּאָה. See תאה and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּאֲוִי adj. MH lustful, sensuous. [Formed from תַּאֲוָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] תֵּאוּם m.n. MH 1 adjoining, nearness. NH 2 coordination, matching. [Verbal n. of תֵּאֵם, Pi. of תאם.] תְּאוֹם m.n. twin (in the Bible occurring only in m. pl. תּוֹאֲמִים). [Related to JAram. תְּיוֹם, Syr. תָּאמָא, Arab. tau’am, tu’ām, Akka. tu’āmu, also ta’umu, possibly also Ethiop. mantā (= twin). All these words prob. derive from the Sem. base w–’–m, whence Arab. wā’ama (= it tallied). The name Thomas derives from Eccles. L. Thomas, from Gk. Thomas (lit.: ‘twin’), from Syr. תָּאמָא (see above). In keeping with the orig. meaning of the name, Thomas is three times referred to in John’s Gospel as ‘Thomas called the Twin’.] Derivatives: תאם, תְּאוֹמִי. cp. תְּיוֹם. תָּאוּם adj. MH 1 adapted, adjusted. NH 2 symmetrical. [Pass. part. of תָּאַם (see תאם). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.] Derivative: תּֽאִימוּת. תְּאוֹמִי adj. NH bigeminal. [Formed from תְּאוֹם with suff. ◌ִי.] תָּאוֹן m.n. NH pigeon hole, cellule. [Formed from תָּא (= cell), with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּאוּנָה f.n. [Incorrect spelling for תְּאֻנָּה (q.v.).] תַּאֲוָנוּת f.n. NH lustfulness, sexual desire. [Formed from תַּאֲוָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנוּת. cp. תַּאֲוָנִיּוּת.] תַּאֲוָנִי adj. MH lustful, sensuous. [Formed from תַּאֲוָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: תַּאֲוֶנִיּוּת. תַּאֲוָנִיּוּת f.n. NH lust, sexual desire. [Formed from תַּאֲוָנִי with suff. ◌וּת. A secondary form of תַּאֲוָנוּת.] תְּאוּנִים m.n. pl. wicked deed, injustice (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 24:12). [Of uncertain etymology; possibly related to אָוֶן (= wickedness, iniquity).] תְּאוּצָה f.n. NH acceleration. [Verbal n. of אוץ (= to make haste, hasten), form ‘taqtūl’. The ‘taqtūl’ form is one of the richest sources for coining verbal nouns in NH. Such words are: תּֽגוּבָה (= reaction from הֵגִיב: תּֽהוּדָה (= resonance) from הֵהִיד; תְּזוּזָה (= moving, motion); תְּזוּנָה (= nutrition, nourishment); תְּזוּעָה (= trembling, shuddering); תְּחוּשָׁה (= feeling, sensation); תְּמוּגָה (= lysis); תְּמוּטָה (= collapse, ruin); תְּעוּפָה (= flight, aviation) — all from the Qal; תְּעוּקָה (= pressure) from הֵעִיק; תְּפוּנָה (= doubt) from the Qal; תְּפוּקָה (= production) from הֵפִיק; תּֽצוּגָה (= show, display) from הִצִּיג, Hiph. of יצג, whence the secondary form צוג; תְּקוּצָה (= loathing) from the Qal; תְּצוּרָה (= formation) from the Qal; תְּשׁוּאָה (= proceeds) from שׂוא (= נשׂא).], Derivative: תְּאוּצָתִי. תְּאוּצָתִי adj. NH accelerative. [Formed from תְּאוּצָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תֵּאוּר m.n. NH description. [Verbal n. of תֵּאֵר, Pi. of תאר.] Derivative: תֵּאוּרִי. תְּאוּרָה f.n. MH 1 light. NH 2 illumination. [Verbal n. of הֵאִיר (= he caused to shine), Hiph. of אור (form ‘taqtūl’). Other such MH forms are תְּנוּדָה (= motion), תּֽנוּחָה (= rest, resting, repose), תְּנוּעָה (= movement, motion) — all from the form Qal; תּֽעוּרָה (= awakening, revival) — from the Niph.; תְּפוּגָה (= expiry), תְּפוּצָה (= diaspora) — both from the Qal.] Derivative: תּֽאוּרָתִי. תֵּאוּרִי adj. NH descriptive. [Formed from תֵּאוּר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תֵּאוּרִיּוּת. תֵּארִיּוּת f.n. NH descriptiveness. [Formed from תֵּאוּרִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּאוּרָתִי adj. NH illuminative. [Formed from תְּאוּרָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּאַוְתָן m.n. NH a lustful person, a sensuous person. [Formed from תַּאֲוָה ᴵ (= desire), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תַּאַוְתָנוּת, תַּאַוְתָנִי. תַּאַוְתָנוּת f.n. NH lustfulness, sexual desire. [Formed from תַּאֲוְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּאַוְתָנִי adj. NH lustful, sensuous. [Formed from תַּאֲוֽתָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] תַּאֲזוּנָה f.n. NH equilibrium, balance. [Formed from אזן ᴵᴵ (= to balance), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּאֲחוּז m.n. NH percentage. [Formed from אָחוּז ᴵᴵ (= rate, proportion), with pref. תַּ◌.] תַּאֲחִיזָה f.n. NH cohesion; adhesion. [Formed from אָחַז (= he seized; see אחז), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תָּאִי adj. NH cellular. [Formed from תָּא (= cell), with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּאִיבָה f.n. MH desiring, desire. [Verbal n. of תָּאַב (= he longed, desired). See תאב ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּאִימָה f.n. NH coordination. [Verbal n. of תָּאַם. See תאם and first suff. ◌ַה.] תְּאִימוּת f.n. MH 1 completeness, perfection. NH 2 symmetry. [Formed from תָּאוּם with suff. ◌וּת.] תָּאִיר adj. NH 1 describable. 2 figural (music). [Coined from תאר (= to describe), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] תָּאִית f.n. NH 1 cellulose. 2 pulp. [Formed from תָּא (= cell), with suff. ◌ִית.] תאל to curse. תַּֽאַל m.n. MH curse imprecation (poetry). [Shortened form of תַּאֲלָה.] תַּאֲלָה f.n. curse (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:65 in the form תַּאֲלָתְךָ). [Formed from אָלָה (= he of cursed, swore; see אלה ᴵ), with pref. תַּ◌. cp. תַּאַל. cp. also אָלָה.] Derivative: תאל. תאם to be coupled together, be doubled, to
match, fit, be suitable; to bear twins; to be adjoining; to adapt, adjust. תֹּֽאַם m.n. MH 1 symmetry, harmony. NH 2 mutual relation. [From תאם.] תאן to weep, lament, wail. תֹּֽאַן m.n. MH pretext. [Shortened form of תּוֹאֲנָה.] תְּאֵנָה f.n. (pl. תְּאֵנוֹת for sense 1, תְּאֵנִים for sense 2) 1 fig tree. 2 fig fruit. [Related to Aram. תֵּינְתָא, Syr. תֵּאתָא (= fig tree and fruit), Pun. תין, Akka. tittu (= a tree). Arab. tīn (= fig) is an Aram. loan word.] תַּאֲנָה f.n. 1 mating time of animals (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:24). MH 2 strong sexual desire. [Formed from אנה ᴵᴵᴵ (= the right time has come), whence also Arab. ’anā(y).] תֹּאֲנָה see תּוֹאֲנָה. תְּאֻנָּה f.n. (also spelled תְּאוּנָה) accident. [Formed from אנה ᴵᴵᴵ with pref. תְּ◌. Hence the correct form is תְּאֻנָּה. The form תְּאוּנָה, which is preferably used by all dictionaries, is wrong. Such a form could only derive from base אוֹן; cp. e.g. תְּבוּאָה (= produce), from בּוֹא (= to come). The punctuation תְּאֻנָּה is so much the more natural because it was formed on the basis of the verse לֹא־תְּאֻנֶּה (Ps. 32:10), etc.] תַּאֲנוּן m.n. MH weeping, mourning, lamentation. [Fromed from אָנַן (= he lamented, mourned; see אנן), with pref. תַּ◌.] תַּאֲנִיָּה f.n. mourning, grief, sorrow (occurring in the Bible twice, Is. 29:2, Lam. 2:5, both times in the phrase תַּאֲנִיָּה וַאֲנִיָּה, ‘mourning and moaning’). [Verbal n. of אנה ᴵ, prob. related to the Qal. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.] תְּאֻנִים see תְּאוּנִים. תאר to incline, to mark out, delineate, to
surround, to describe. תֹּאַר adj. 1 outline, form, figure, shape, appearance. MH 2 quality. MH 3 adjective (grammar). NH 4 title, degree. [Related to Phoen. תאר. Usually regarded as derived from תאר, but, more probably, it is traceable to ראה (= to see), so that its literal meaning is ‘something looked at; appearance’. According to Haupt, however, תֹּאַר derives from תור. Others connect תֹּאַר with Chr.–Pal. תאר (= to gaze at), so that תֹּאַר lit. means ‘something gazed at’. cp. תּוֹר ᴵⱽ.] Derivative: תָּאֳרִי, prob. also תאר. תַּאֲרֹֽגֶת f.n. NH weaving, web. [Formed from ארג with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תָּאֲרִי adj. MH 1 pertaining to form, pertaining to appearance. 2 adjectival (grammar). [Formed from תֹּאַר with suff. ◌י.] תַּאֲרִיךְ m.n. MH date. [Transliteration of Arab. ta’rīḫ (= dating, date, time, era; chronicle, annals), inf. of ’arraḫa (= he dated a letter, etc., fixed a certain time, wrote the history of something).] Derivatives: תארך, תַּאֲרִיכוֹן. תַּאֲרִיכוֹן m.n. NH date stamp. [Formed from תַּאֲרִיךְ with suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּאֵרִית f.n. NH figure (music). [Formed from תאר with suff. ◌ִית.] תּארך to date. תְּאֹֽרֶת m.n. NH collation. [Formed from תאר (= to describe, portray), with suff. ◌ֶת.] תְּאַשּׁוּר m.n. ‘teashur’ — name of a tree (occurring in the Bible only Is. 41:19). [Related to Ugar. tyshr (= a kind of cedar). Several scholars derive these nouns from Hitt. tieshshar (= wood, forest). See אַשּׁוּר.] תֵּבָה f.n. 1 ark, box. NH 2 Holy Ark (in the synagogue). PBH 3 word. [Prob. a loan word from Egypt. tbt (= chest; coffin). Arab. tābūt (= box, case, chest, coffer), is a Heb. loan word. cp. תֻּבָּה.] תֻּבָּה f.n. NH 1 trunk of a ship. 2 hull (of a ship). [Of uncertain origin; perhaps alteration of תּבִה.] תַּבְהֵלָה f.n. NH panic. [Verbal n. formed from בהל (= to frighten, terrify, dismay), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּבוּאָה f.n. 1 produce, field produce, yield, product. 2 income, revenue, profit. [Verbal n. of בוא (= to come), form ‘taqtūl’, hence lit. meaning ‘that which is brought in’. For sense development cp. Aram.–Syr. עֲלַלְתָּא (= product, provision, income), which derive from עלל (= he entered), Arab. ghalla (= yield, produce), which derive from ghalla (= he inserted; he entered). cp. also Akka. erbu (= yield), shūrubtu (= harvest; lit.: ‘what goes in’), from erēbu (= to go in, enter). cp. also יְבוּל (= produce, fruit; yield), which prob. derives from יבל (= to bear, carry), and lit. means ‘that which is brought in’. Other transitive verbal nouns of the form ‘taqtūl’, derived from the Qal and occurring in the Bible, are: תּֽבוּסָה (= downfall, complete defeat), תּֽמוּתָה (= mortality), תְּנוּבָה (= produce, yield), תְּנוּמָה (= slumber, sleep), תְּקוּמָה (= standing), תְּרוּפָה (= healing, cure) from רוף (a secondary form of רפא, ‘to heal, cure’), תְּשׂוּמָה from שׂום (= to lay, put) in תְּשׂוּמֶת־יָד (= deposit, pledge), תִּשׁוּאָה (= noise, tumult) from שׁוּא (= שָׁאָה, he made a din or crash), תְּשׁוּבָה (= return). All these nouns derive from the respective Qal (however, תְּשׁוּבָה in the sense ‘answer, reply’, comes from the Hiph‘īl).] תִּבּוּל m.n. NH spicing, seasoning. [Verbal n. of תִּבֵּל, Pi. of תבל.] תְּבוּנָה f.n. 1 understanding, intelligence. 2 wisdom. [Verbal n. of הֵבִין (= he understood), form ‘taqtūl’, Hiph. of בין; however, it could belong also to the Qal, although this latter occurs very rarely (cp. the parallel form בִּינָה, which derives from the Qal). Other transitive verbal nouns of the form ‘taqtūl’, related to the Hiph‘īl, are תְּכוּנָה (= arrangement) from הֵכִין; תְּמוּרָה (= substitution, exchange) from הֵמִיר; תְּנוּאָה (= occasion for hostility) from הֵנִיא; תְּנוּפָה (= movement, motion) from הֵנִיף; תְּעוּדָה (= attestation) from הֵעִיד; תְּקוּפָה (= circuit, revolution) from הִקִּיף, Hiph. of נקף = קוף; תְּרוּמָה (= contribution, gift) from הֵרִים; תְּרוּעָה (= shout, cry, alarm) from הֵרִיעַ; תְּשׁוּבָה (= answer, reply) from הֵשִׁיב (however in the sense ‘return’, תְּשׁוּבָה comes from the Qal).] תְּבוּנִי adj. MH rational; theoretical. [Formed from תְּבוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי. A secondary form of תְּבוּנָתִי.] Derivative: תְּבוּנִיּוּת. תְּבוּנִיּוּת f.n. NH rationalism. [Formed from תְּבוּנִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּבוּנָתִי adj. MH rational; theoretical. [Formed from תְּבוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תְּבוּנִי.] תְּבוּסָה f.n. downfall, complete defeat, overthrow (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. II 22:7). [Verbal n. of בוס (= to tread down). For the form see תְּבוּאָה. cp. תֶּבֶס.] Derivatives: תְּבוּסָן, תְּבוּסָנוּת, תְּבוּסָנִי. תְּבוּסָן, תְּבוּסְתָּן m.n. NH defeatist. [Coined from תְּבוּסָה (= defeat), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תְּבוּסָנוּת, תְּבוּסְתָּנוּת f.n. NH defeatism. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from תּֽבוּסָה (= defeat) and suff. ◌ָנוּת.] תְּבוּסָנִי, תְּבוּסְתָּנִי adj. NH defeatistic. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi from תְּבוּסָה (= defeat), and suff. ◌ָנִי.] תְּבוּסְתָּן see תְּבוּסָן. תְּבוּסְתָּנוּת see תְּבוּסָנוּת. תַּבְחִין m.n. NH 1 criterion. 2 diagnosis. [In the sense of ‘criterion’ coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from בחן (= to examine, test), and pref. תַּ◌.] תְּבִיעָה f.n. PBH claim, demand, summons. [Verbal n. of תָּבַע. See תבע and first suff. ◌ִה.] תְּבִיר m.n. MH ‘tebir’ — name of a disjunctive accent placed beneath the word: ◌֛. [Aram. ‘broke’, passpartof תְּבַר (= he broke), which is related to Heb. שָׁבַר (see שׁבר ᴵ and cp. תַּבְרָה); so called in allusion either to the form of this accent or to its melody.] תֵּבֵל f.n. (with the prob. exception of Is.
14:17, where it is apparently m.) world (used only in poetry and without the
article, as a proper name). תֶּֽבֶל ᴵ m.n. confusion, violation of the natural order, abomination. [Of uncertain etymology; possibly formed from בלל (= to mix, mingle; to confuse) with pref. תּ◌. cp. תֶּמֶס (= melting away), which stands to מסס (= to melt), as תֶּבֶל ᴵ stands to בלל. JAram. תִּבְלָא is a Heb. loan word.] תֶּֽבֶל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 spice, seasoning. 2 spice (in a fig. sense). [The noun is generally used in the pl. form תַּבְלִין, after the Aram. pl. form תַּבְלִין. Related to תִּבֽלָא (= spice, seasoning), Arab. tābil (= coriander; spice, condiment, seasoning), tabbala, taubala (= he spiced, seasoned). These nouns prob. denoted orig. a certain plant (cp. Syr. תֶּבְלָא — ‘tordylium, hartwort, meadow saxifrage’), whence, with sense enlargement, ‘any plant used for seasoning’, whence ‘spice’ in general.] Derivative: תבל. תְּבַלּוּל m.n. pannus — a disease of the eye (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 21:20). [Formed from בלל (= to mix, mingle, confuse), with pref. תְּ◌, hence lit. meaning ‘a mixture (in the eye)’.] Derivative: תְּבַלּוּלִי. תְּבַלּוּלִי adj. NH affected with pannus. [Formed from תּֽבַלּוּל with suff. ◌ִי.] תבלט to make a relief, emboss. תַּבְלִיט m.n. NH relief. [Formed from בלט (= to protrude, project), with pref. תַּ◌.] Derivatives: תבלט, תַּבְלִיטָן. תַּבְלִיטָן m.n. NH embosser, emboss man. [Formed from תַּבְלִיט with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּבְלִיל m.n. NH emulsion. [Formed from בלל (= to mix, mingle, confuse), with pref. תַּ◌.] תַּבְלִין m.n. PBH 1 spice, condiment. 2 (fig.) spice, condiment. [Reading of the Ashkenazim for תְּבָלִין, which is the pl. of תֶּבֶל (= spice, seasoning), but was mistaken for a singular.] תַּבְלִית f.n. prob. destruction (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 10:25). [Verbal n., prob. related to בִּלָּה (= he destroyed), Pi. of בּלה. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] תַּבְּלָן m.n. NH one who spices, a seasoner (fig.) [Formed from תִּבֵּל, Pi. of תבל, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תֶּֽבֶן m.n. straw, stubble. [Related to JAram. and Egypt.–Aram. תִּיבְנָא, Syr. תֶּבְנָא, Akka. tebnu. Arab. tibn is prob. an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: תבן, תַּבָּן, תַּבְנוּנִי, תִּבְנִי, מַתְבֵּן. תבן to mix with straw. תַּבָּן m.n. PBH worker in straw. [Nomen opificis formed from תֶּבֶן (= straw), according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. Arab. tabbān (= straw vendor), nomen opificis formed from tibn.] תַּבְנוּן m.n. NH bastion. [Formed from בנה ᴵ with pref. תַּ◌ and reduplication of the נ.] תַּבְנוּנִי adj. NH straw-colored. [Formed from תֶּבֶן through reduplication of the נ and with suff. ◌ִי.] תִּבְנִי adj. MH straw-colored. [Formed from תֶּבֶן with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּבְנִית f.n. 1 construction, structure. NH 2 model, pattern. NH 3 paradigm (grammar). [Verbal n. of בָּנָה (= he built; see בּנה). For the form of the word see תַּגְלִית.] Derivative: תַּבְנִיתִי. תַּבְנִיתִי adj. NH formational. [Formed from תַּבְנִית with suff. ◌ִי.] תֶּֽבֶס m.n. MH downfall, complete defeat. [Poetic var. of תְּבוּסָה.] תבע to demand, claim, summon. תַּבְעָן m.n. NH 1 one who demands; clamorer. 2 pretender. [Formed from תָּבַע; see תבע, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תַּבְעָנוּת, תַּבְעָנִי. תַּבְעָנוּת f.n. NH clamorousness. [Formed from תַּבְעָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּבְעָנִי adj. NH clamorous. [Formed from תַּבְעָן with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּבְעֵרָה f.n. burning, fire, conflagration (in the Bible a place name). [Verbal n. of בָּעַר (= it burned; see בער ᴵ). For the form of this word see תַּ◌. cp. תַּבְעֶרֶת.] תַּבְעֶֽרֶת f.n. NH burning, fire, conflagration. [A secondary form of תַּבְעֵרָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּבְצוּר m.n. NH blockhouse. [Formed from בצר ᴵᴵ (= to make inaccessible, fortify), with pref. תַּ◌.] תַּבְצֵק m.n. NH doughnut. [Formed from the abbreviation of תַּבְשִׁיל (= cooked food, dish), and בָּצֵק (= dough).] תַּבְרָא see תַּבְרָה. תּברג to thread (a screw), cut screws. תִּבְרִֹגֶת f.n. NH screw thread. [Verbal n. of בָּרַג (= he screwed; see ברג), from the transitive form ‘taqtulat’. A great number of the transitive ‘taqtulat’ nouns belongs to the vocabulary of NH. Like תִּבְרֹגֶת, most of them are connected with the Qal. The following list of words shows how the form ‘taqtulat’ was and is still used to enrich the NH vocabulary: תִּגֽבֹּרֶת (= rise, increase; reinforcement), תִּגְהֹצֶת (= smartness, spick-and-span) – from the Qal; תִּגְרֹלֶת (= raffle, lottery), from the Hiph.; תִּדֽגֹּרֶת (= incubation), תִּדְחֹקֶת (= congestion, overcrowding), תִּזֽכֹּרֶת (= memorandum, reminder), תִּזְמֹרֶת (= orchestra), תַּחֲזֹרֶת (= reconstruction), תַּחֲמֹצֶת (= oxide) — beginning with תִּדְגֹּרֶת, all the nouns are derived from the Qal; תַּחֲמשֶׁת (= arming, armament), from the Pi‘ēl; תַּחְפֹּשֶׂת (= disguise), and תִּכְתֹּבֶת (= correspondence) — both from the Hithpa‘ēl; תִּמְזֹגֶת (= mixture) — from the Qal; תִּנְעֹמֶת (= melodics) — from the Hiph‘īl; תִּסְבֹּכֶת (= complexity), תִּסְבֹּלֶת (= load-carrying capacity) — both from the Qal; תִּסְמֹנֶת (= syndrome) — from the Pi‘ēl; תִּסְקֹרֶת (= review), תִּסְרֹקֶת (= hairdressing) — both from the Qal; תִּפְזֹרֶת (= loose cargo), תִּפְלֹגֶת (= timing) — both from the Pi‘ēl; תִּפְרֹסֶת (= distribution), תִּפְרֹשֶׂת (= sails), תִּפְתֹּלֶת (= conglomerate), תִּצְרֹכֶת (= consumption) — beginning with תִּפְרֹסֶת all the nouns are derived from the Qal; תִּצְרֹפֶת (= synthesis), תִּקְבֹּלֶת (= parallelism) — both from the Pi‘ēl; תִּקְרֹנֶת (= radiation), תִּקְשֹׁטֶת (= decoration, embellishment), תִּקְשֹׁרֶת (= communication) — all the three nouns from the Qal; תִּרְבֹּכֶת (= confusion; mixture, ragout) — from the Hiph‘īl; תִּרְגֹּלֶת (= drill, maneuver), תִּרְכֹּבֵת (= composition, compound) — both from the Hiph‘īl; תִּרְכֹּזֶת (= concentration) — from the Pi‘ēl; תִּרְשֹׁמֵת (= details, entry in bookkeeping), תִּשְׁבֹּצֶת (= applique), תִּשִׁזֹרֶת (= interlacing), תִּשְׁלֹבֶת (= joining, combining, attaching) — all the four nouns from the Qal; תִּשְׁקֹפֶת (= perspective) — from the Hiph‘īl; תִּשְׁרֹקֶת (= a long-whistling sound) — from the Qal. Those who use the nominal forms beginning with תַּ◌ (i.e. any of the forms ‘taqtīl’, ‘taqtūl,’ ‘taqtulat’) to coin NH words, should bear in mind that these serve to form verbal nouns, which for this very reason can have only an abstract sense and can by no means be used to form concrete nouns. Therefore e.g. among the verbal nouns here enumerated the word תִּפְרֹשֶׂת has been erroneously chosen to denote ‘sails’; nor is it correct to use the form תִּפְזֹרֶת in the sense ‘loose cargo’. Similarly תִּרֽכֹּבֶת can have the meaning ‘composition’, but should not be used in the sense of ‘compound’, and תִּרְבֹּכֶת can well mean ‘confusion’, but should not have been given the meaning ‘ragout’. For the same reason it is surely incorrect to render תִּשְׁחֹרֶת by ‘reconnoitering troop’, as several commentators and lexicographers do.] תַּבְרָה f.n. PBH 1 breaking, fracture. PBH 2 refutation. MH 3 another name for the accent תְּבִיר. [Aram. תְּבַר, emphatic st. תַּבְרָא (= Syr. תֶּבְרָא, תַּבְרָא), from תְּבַר (= he broke), which is related to Heb. שָׁבַר. See שׁבר ᴵ.] תַּבְרוּאָה f.n. NH sanitation. [Formed from ברא ᴵᴵ (= to be fat), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תַּבְדוּאִי, תַּבְרוּאָן. תַּבְרוּאִי adj. NH sanitary. [Formed from תַּבִרוּאָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּבְרוּאָן m.n. NH sanitary worker; sanitarian. [Formed from תַּבְרוּאָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּבְרוּאָנוּת. תַּבְרוּאָנוּת f.n. NH work of a sanitarian. [Formed from תַּבְרוּאָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּבְרוּג m.n. NH threading (a screw), screw-cutting. [Verbal n. of תִּבִרֵג. See תברג.] תַּבְרוֹג m.n. NH threading machine, diestock. [From תִּבְרֵג. See תברג.] תַּבְרִיג m.n. NH screw thread. [Verbal n. of בֵּרַג (= he unscrewed), Pi. of ברג.] תַּבְרִיד m.n. NH selection. [Verbal n. of the form ‘taqtīl’, developed from בֵּרַר (= he chose, selected), Pi. of ברר. This form is used esp. to coin verbal nouns in NH. Such nouns are the following (most of them formed from the Pi‘ēl): תַּבְרִיג (= screw thread); תַּגְלִיף (= engraving); תַּגִמִיר (= final stage, finish); תַּהֲלִיךְ (= process); תַּזְקִיק (= distillate); תַּזְרִיק (= material injected, injection); תַּתִבִּיר (= syntax); תַּחִמִיץ (= silage, silo); תַּחִקִיר (= debriefing); תַּחֲרִיט (= engraving, etching, woodcut); תַּחֲשִׁיב (= calculation); תַּכִתִּיב (= dictation); תַּלְקִיט (= conglomerate); תַּמְלִיל (= text); תַּסְבִּיךְ (= complication); תַּסְנִין (= filtration); תַּסְקִיר (= review); תַּסְרִיט (= scenario); תַּפְרִיט (= menu); תַּקְצִיר (= summary, abstract); תַּרְחִיף (= suspension); תַּרְחִיץ (= lotion); תַּרְטִיט (= vibration); תַּרְסִיס (= spray); תַּרֽקִיחַ (= pharmaceutical preparation); תַּרְשִׁים (= sketch, design, plan); תַּשְׁקִיף (= forecast, esp. of weather). — All these words are verbal nouns formed from the Pi‘ēl of the respective verb.] תַּבְשִׁיל m.n. PBH cooked food, dish. [Verbal n. of בִּשֵּׁל (= he cooked), Pi. of בשׁל. cp. JAram. תַּבְשִׁילָא (= cooked food, dish), which is prob. borrowed from Heb. תַּבְשִׁיל. Other verbal nouns of the form ‘taqtīl’ in Mishnah and Talmud are תַּכְשִׁיט (also JAram. תַּכְשִׁיטָא) and its doublet תַּקְשִׁיט (= decoration, ornament), and תַּשְׁמִישׁ, also JAram. תַּשְׁמִישָׁא (= handling, use, service). See my analysis of pref. תַּ◌.] תָּג m.n. PBH 1 ornament (lit.: ‘crownlet’) on a letter. 2 apostrophe marking the abbreviation of a word (e.g. ר׳ for רַבִּי). NH 3 tag, badge, label. [From Aram. תָּגָא (= crown). See תָּגָא.] Derivative: תיג. תָּגָא m.n. PBH (pl. תָּגִין, also תָּגוֹת) crown. [An Aramaic word (used in quotations) which together with Syr. תָּגָא, תָּאגָה, and Arab. taj (= crown) is borrowed from Pers. tāj̆ (of s.m.). Pers. tāj̆ derives from IE base * steg– (= to encircle, crown), whence also Gk. stephein (= to surround, encircle, wreathe), stemma (= garland, wreath). See ‘stemma’ and ‘taj’ in my CEDEL. cp. תָּג.] תִּגְבּוּר m.n. NH reinforcement. [Verbal n. of תִּגְבֵּר. See תגבר.] תגבר to reinforce. תִּגְבֹּֽרֶת f.n. MH 1 rise, increase. NH 2 reinforcement. [Verbal n. of גָּבַר (= was strong, was mighty; see גבר). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּגְהוּת f.n. NH hygiene. [Formed from גהה ᴵ (= to heal), with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌וּת.] תִּגְהֹֽצֶת f.n. NH smartness, spick-and-span. [Verbal n. of גָּהַץ (= he pressed, he ironed; see גהץ ᴵ). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תְּגוּבָה f.n. NH 1 reply, rejoinder. 2 reaction. [Verbal n. of הֵגִיב (= he answered, replied, reacted), Hiph. of גוב. For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] Derivative: תְּגוּבָן. תְּגוּבָן m.n. NH reactor. [Formed from תְּגוּבָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תִּגּוּר ᴵ m.n. NH bargaining. [Verbal n. of תִּגֵּר, Pi. of תגר ᴵ.] תִּגּוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. MH quarrel. [Verbal n. of תִּגֵּר, Pi. of תגר ᴵᴵ.] תַּגְזִיר m.n. NH clipping. [Verbal n. of גָזַר (= he cut, clipped) with pref. תַּ◌.] תִּגְלַֽחַת f.n. PBH shaving. [Formed from גלח with pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ַת.] תַּגְלִיף m.n. NH engraving. [Verbal n. of גִּלֵּף (= he carved, engraved), Pi. of גלף. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תַּגְלִית f.n. NH discovery. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) as verbal n. of גִּלָּה (= he discovered), Pi. of גלה. תַּגְלִית is a transitive ‘taqtilat’ form. There are several other nouns of the same class of verbs such as תַּדְחִית (= moratorium), related to the Qal; תַּדְמִית (= model, pattern, image), related to the Pi.; תַּחֲזִית (= forecast; spectrum), related to the Pi.; תַּמְחִית ᴵ (= expertise), related to the Hith. of מחה ⱽᴵ; תַּמְחִית ᴵᴵ (= purée), related to the Pi. of מחה ⱽ; תַּצְפִּית (= observation), related to the Qal.] תַּגְמוּל m.n. recompense, reward, benefit (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 116:12). [Verbal n. of גָּמַל (= he rewarded, recompensed; see גמל ᴵᴵ). It is a transitive ‘taqtūl’ form, which in most cases is related to the Qal. Such verbal nouns are the following Biblical words: תַּהֲלוּכָה (= procession); תַּהֽפּוּכוֹת (= perversity, perverseness); תַּמֽרוּקִים, beside מְרוּקִים, (= ointment); תַּעֲרוּבָה, beside עֲרֻבָּה, (= pledge). All these verbal nouns derive from the Qal of the respective verb. However, the verbal noun תַּחֲנוּנִים (= supplication), and תַּנְחוּמִים and תַּנְחוּמוֹת (= consolation, comfort) are related to the Hithpa‘ēl. Such also are the following verbal nouns from Talmud, Midrash and Targum (most of them from Aramaic): תַּשְׁלוּם, Targum תַּשְׁלוּמָא (= payment), תַּחֲמוּד, from Aram. תַּחֲמוּדָא (= desire) — both of them belong to the Qal. cp. also תַּרֽגּוּם (= translation), which ultimately derives from the Qal.] תַּגְמִיר m.n. NH final stage, finish. [Verbal n. of גִּמֵּר (= he finished), Pi. of גמר ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תגמר. תגמר to give a finishing touch. תַּגָּר m.n. PBH merchant, dealer, trader. [Together with Aram. תַּגָּר, תַּגָּרָא, Syr. תַּגָּרָא, תַּאגָּרָא, Arab. tājir (of s.m.), borrowed from Akka. tamgāru, tamkāru (of s.m.), which itself is traceable to מכר (= to sell; see מכר).] Derivatives: תגר ᴵ, תַּגָּרָה, תַּגָּרוּת, תַּגְּרָן. cp. תַּגָּרָא. תִּגָּר m.n. PBH quarrel, contention, strife. [From גרה (= to stir up, irritate), hence of the same origin as תִּגְרָה.] Derivative: תגר ᴵᴵ. תגר ᴵ to trade, bargain, deal. תגר ᴵᴵ to quarrel, complain. תְּגָר m.n. MH provocation, challenge. [From גרה, hence of the same origin as תִּגָּר, תִּגְרָה.] תַּגָּרָא m.n. PBH merchant, dealer, trader. [Aram. See תַּגָּר.] תִּגְרָה f.n. quarrel, contention, strife (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 39:11). [Verbal n., prob. related to the Hith. of גרה (= to stir up, irritate). For the form of this word see my article under pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תִּגְרוּת. תַּגָּרָה f.n. NH business venture. [Formed from תַּגָּר with first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּגָּרוּת f.n. MH trade. [Formed from תַּגָּר with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּגְרוּת f.n. MH quarrel, strife. [Formed from תִּגְרָה with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּגְרֹֽלֶת f.n. NH raffle, lottery. [Verbal n. of הִגְרִיל (= he cast lots), Hiph. of גרל. For the form see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּגְּרָן m.n. NH trafficker, one who bargains. [Formed from תַּגָּר (= merchant), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תַּגְּרָנוּת, תַּגְּרָנִי. תַּגְּרָנוּת f.n. NH 1 petty trade. 2 bargaining, haggling. [Formed from תַּגְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּגְּרָנִי adj. NH mercurial, commercial, businesslike. [Formed from תַּגְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּדְבִּיק m.n. NH sticker. [Verbal n. of הִדְבִּיק, Hiph. of דבק. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תַּדְגִּים m.n. NH sample, specimen; demonstration. [Formed from דגם (= to demonstrate, exemplify; to standardize), with pref. תַּ◌.] תִּדְגְֹּרֶת f.n. NH incubation. [Formed from דָּגַר (= he hatched; see דגר). For the form of this word see תִּבְדֹגֶת.] תדהם to stupefy. תַּדְהֵמָה f.n. NH stupefaction, shock. [Formed from דהם (= to astound), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: תדהם. תִּדְהָר m.n. ‘Tidhar’ — name of a tree, which occurs only twice in the Bible (Is. 41:19 and 60:13), and which has not yet been positively identified. [It is generally rendered by ‘elm tree’. Löw identifies it with the ash tree. Of unknown etymology.] תַּדְחִית f.n. NH moratorium. [Verbal n. formed from דָחָה (= he pushed, thrust; he put off, postponed). For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] תִּדְחֹֽקֶת f.n. NH congestion, overcrowding. [Verbal n. of דָּחַק (= he pressed; see דחק). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.]. תָּדִיר adj. & adv. PBH 1 constant, permanent. NH 2 frequent (physics). PBH 3 constantly, permanently. NH 4 frequently (physics). [From דור (= to move in a circle, go round), whence also JAram. תְּדִירָא (= lasting; orig. a noun meaning ‘duration’), BAram. בִּתְּדִירָא (= continually). cp. the synonym תָּמִיד.] Derivatives: תְּדִירוּת, תְּדִירִי, תֶּדֶר. תְּדִירוּת f.n. MH 1 constancy. NH 2 frequency (physics). [Formed from תָּדִיר with suff. ◌וּח.] תְּדִירִי adj. NH constant, permanent. [Formed from תָּדִיר with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּדָּל proper name PBH ‘Taddal’. [According to Rashi name of a fool.] תִּדְלוּק m.n. NH refueling. [Verbal n. of תִּדְלֵק. See תדלק.] תַּדְלוּקָה f.n. NH refueling. [Formed from דלק ᴵ (= to burn), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ֶ.] תדלק to refuel. תַּדְמִית f.n. NH 1 model, pattern. 2 image. 3 illusion. [Lit.: ‘likening’. Verbal n. of דִּמָּה (= he likened), Pi. of דמה. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] Derivative: תַּדִמָן. תַּדְמָן m.n. NH modeller. [Formed from תַּדְמִית. For the ending see suff. ◌ָן.] תַּדְמָנוּת f.n. NH modelling. [Formed from תַּדְמָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּדְפִּיס m.n. NH reprint, offprint. [Verbal n. of הִדְפִּיס (= he printed), Hiph. of דפס. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תדפס to reprint. תֶּֽדֶר m.n. MH 1 constancy, permanency. NH 2 frequency (physics). [From תָּזִיר.] תדר to last. תִּדְרוּךְ m.n. NH briefing. [Verbal n. of תִּדְרֵךְ. See תדרך.] תַּדְרִיךְ m.n. NH briefing. [Verbal n. of הִדְרִיךְ (= he led, directed, guided), Hiph. of דרך. The following list contains other verbal nouns of the form ‘taqtīl’ formed from the Hiph‘īl, all coined in modern times: תַּדְפִּיס (= reprint, offprint), תַּזְכִּיר (= memorandum), תַּחֲלִיב (= emulsion), תַּטְפִּיס (= stereotype), תַּמְרִיץ (= encouragement), תַּסְבִּיר (= prospectus), תַּסְכִּית (= radio play), תַּעֲקִיף (= paraphrase), תַּצְהִיר (= declaration under oath), תַּקְלִיט (= phonograph record), תַּקְצִיב (= budget), תַּקְרִישׁ (= thrombosis), תַּרְגִּיל (= exercise, practice), תַּרְגִּישׁ (= sentiment).] תדרך to brief. תֵּה m.n. FW tea. [Fren. thé, from Malay tēh, from dialectic South Chinese tē, which corresponds to Chinese chai. cp. ‘tea’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: תֵּיוֹן. תהא see תהה ᴵ. תהד to resound. תהה ᴵ (also תהא) to be astonished, be amazed,
be dumbfounded; to meditate; to repent. תהה ᴵᴵ to smell; to examine. תְֹּהוּ m.n. 1 emptiness, waste, desert, chaos, confusion. 2 vanity, nothingness, worthlessness. [Related to thw, Arab. tīh (= waterless desert, trackless wilderness), tāha (= he got lost, wandered about, went astray), Aram.–Syr. (also BAram.) תְּוֵהּ (= was astonished, was amazed). See תוה ᴵᴵ and cp. words there referred to. cp. also ‘tohubohu’ in my CEDEL.] תְּהוּדָהּ f.n. NH 1 resonance. 2 acoustics. [Coined from הֵד (= echo). Formally, however, תְּהוּדָה is verbal n. of הֵהִיד (= it echoed, reverberated, resounded), from base הוד. See הֵד (= echo).] תָּהוּי adj. NH amazed. [Pass. part. of תָּהָה (see תהה ᴵ). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.] תְּהוֹם m. & f.n. (pl. תּֽהוֹמוֹת; in the Bible always without the art.) 1 depth, deep, abyss. 2 deep sea, primeval ocean. [Related to Akka. ti’amtu, tamtu (= sea), ti’āmat (the sea monster in the Babylonian creation myth), Ugar. thm, dual thmtm, Arab. tihāma (= depth; abyss; sea). Aram. and Syr. תְּהוֹמָא are Heb. loan words.] Derivatives: תהם, תְּהוֹמִי. תְּהוֹמִי adj. MH abysmal, unfathomable. [Formed from תְּהוֹם with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תְּהוֹמִיּוּת. תְּהוֹמִיּוּת f.n. NH infinite depth, unfathomable abyss. [Formed from תְּהוֹמִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּהוּת f.n. PBH regret, self-reproach, repentance. [Formed from תהה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּהִיָּה ᴵ f.n. MH 1 amazement, astonishment. NH 2 meditation. [Verbal n. of תָּהָה. See תהה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּהִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH examination. [Verbal n. of תָּהָה. See תהה ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּהִלָּה f.n. (pl. תְּהִלּוֹת, also תְּהִלָּים) 1 praise, glory. 2 fame, renown. 3 song of praise, psalm. [Verbal n. of הִלֵּל, Pi. of הלל ᴵ. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌. cp. Arab. tahlīl (= the shouting of a sacred formula).] תָּהֳלָה f.n. folly, error, profanation, sin (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 4:18). [According to Dillmann derived from base תהל, which he connects with Ethiop. taḥala (= he roved, wandered). Barth compares the base of תָּהֳלָה with Arab. wahila (= he committed an error, erred).] תַּהֲלוּכָה f.n. procession (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Neh. 12:31). [Verbal n. of הָלַךְ (= he went; see הלך). For the form of this word see תַּגְמוּל. cp. תַּהֲלִיךְ.] תַּהֲלִיךְ m.n. NH process. [Verbal n. of הִלֵּךְ (= he walked, walked about), Pi. of הלך. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר. cp. תַּהֲלִילָה.] תַּהֲלִילָה f.n. NH psalmody. [From הלל (= to praise). For the affixes see pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ִה.] Derivative: תהלל. תְּהִלִּים m.n. pl. the Book of Psalms. [Lit.: ‘psalms’, pl. of תְּהִלָּה.] תהלל to psalmodize. תהם to bring down to the depths. תַּהְפּוּכָה f.n. 1 perversity, perverseness (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). NH 2 overturning, revolution. [Verbal n. of הָפַךְ (= he perverted; see הפך). For the form see תַּגְמוּל.] Derivative: תַּהְפּוּכָן. תַּהְפּוּכָן adj. NH perverse. [Formed from תַּהְפּוּכָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תָּו ᴵ m.n. 1 mark, sign. NH 2 (musical) note. [Prob. related to Arab. tiwā’ (= burned sign, brand). See תוה ᴵ and cp. תָּו ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: תָּוִית, תַּוְיָן, תותו. תָּו ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. תָּוִין) ‘tav’ (also ‘taw’) — name of the twenty-second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. [From תָּו ᴵ (= mark, sign); so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter.] תּוּ adv. PBH again, once more. [JAram., shortened from תּוּב (= again, once more), from the verb תוב (= to return, turn back; to do again), which is related to Heb. שׁוב (of s.m.). See שׁוב and cp. שׁוּב.] תּוֹ◌ form of pref. תַּ◌ (q.v.) in verbal nouns developed from פ״ו as in תּוֹחֵלָה (= hope). תּוֹא m.n. a collateral form of תְּאוֹ (q.v.). [Properly c. st. of תּֽאוֹ.] תּוֹאֵם adj. NH 1 suitable, fit. 2 conforming to, corresponding to. [Act. part. of תָּאַם. See תאם.] Derivative: תּוֹאֲמוּת. תּוֹאֲמוּת f.n. NH 1 suitability. 2 conformity. [Formed from תּוֹאֵם with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹאֲנָה, תֹּאֲנָה f.n. opportunity, occasion (of a quarrel), pretext, excuse (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 14:4). [Prob. standing for תָּאֳנָה and derived from אנה ᴵᴵᴵ (= to bring about, cause), with pref. תּוֹ◌.] תּוֹבָלָה f.n. NH transport, transportation. [Formed from יבל ᴵ (= to bear, carry, conduct), with pref. תּוֹ◌ and first suff. ◌ִה.] תּוֹבֵֽעַ m.n. PBH 1 claimant, plaintiff. NH 2 prosecutor. [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּבַע. See תבע.] Derivative: תּוֹבְעָנִי. תּוּבְעָנָה f.n. (also spelled תֻּבְעָנָה) legal claim, action. [From תבע.] תּוֹבְעָנִי adj. NH demanding, claiming. [Formed from תּוֹבֵעַ with suff. ◌ָנִי.] תּוֹבָר m.n. (also תּוֹבְרָה) 1 loop (especially of the phylactery strap). NH 2 rosette. [From תבר, a secondary form of תפר (= to sew).] תּוֹבְרָה f.n. PBH see תּוֹבָר. תּוּגָה f.n. grief, sadness. [Formed from יגה (= to be grieved, suffer), with pref. תּ◌.] תּוֹגָר m.n. NH Turk. [From תֹּגַרֽמָה (Gen. 10:3), a name which was used for Turkey in MH.] תּוֹדָה thanksgiving. 2 thank offering. 3 thanksgiving choir, procession. [Verbal n. of הוֹדָה (= he thanked, gave thanks), Hiph. of ידה ᴵ. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת. cp. Syr. תַּוְדִיתָא.] תּוֹדָעָה f.n. NH 1 conscience. 2 consciousness. [Verbal n. of הוֹדִיעַ (= he made known), Hiph. of ידע. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.] Derivative: תּוֹדַעְתִּי. תּוֹדַעְתִּי adj. NH conscious, conscientious. [Formed from תּוֹדָעָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תוה ᴵ to make marks. תוה ᴵᴵ to astonish, astound, amaze. תֵּֽוַהּ m.n. PBH 1 astonishment, amazement. 2 fright, terror. [From תוה ᴵᴵ.] תַּוְהוּת f.n. PBH 1 astonishment, amazement. 2 fright, terror. [Formed from תִּוַּהּ, Pi. of תוה ᴵᴵ, with suff. ◌וּת.] תָּווּי adj. MH marked, outlined, sketched, designed. [Pass. part. of תָּוָה. See תוה ᴵ.] תִּוּוּי m.n. NH marking, outlining, sketching, designing. [Verbal n. of תִּוָּה, Pi. of תוה ᴵ.] תִּוּוּךְ m.n. NH 1 mediation. 2 brokerage, agency. [Verbal n. of תִּוֵּךְ, Pi. of תוך.] תִּוּוּל m.n. NH barbed wiring. [Formed from תַּיִל (= wire).] תּוֹחֶֽלֶת f.n. hope. [Verbal n. of the form ‘taqtilat’, related to הוֹחִיל (= he waited), Hiph. of יחל. Other verbal nouns of this class also developed almost all from the Hiph‘il. Most of them are Biblical words, as e.g. תּוֹכֵחָה (= rebuke) from הוֹכִיחַ; תּוֹלְדוֹת, Syr. תַּוְלֶדְתָּא (= descendants, generation) from הוֹלִיד; תּוֹעֵבָה (= abomination) from base עיב; תּוֹעָפוֹת (= height, eminence), from base עיף; תּוֹדָה, Syr. תַּוְדִיתָא (= thanks, gratitude), from ידה; תּוֹרָה (= teaching, instruction) from הוֹרָה. From the later periods are תּוֹעֵלָה and its collateral form תּוֹעֶלֶת (= use, benefit). NH words are תּוֹדָעָה (= conscience), תּוֹפָעָה (= phenomenon), תּוֹרָשָׁה (= heredity) — all verbal nouns formed from the Hiph‘il.] תְּוַי m.n. NH alignment, feature. [From תָּוָה. See תוה ᴵ.] תּוּיָה f.n. FW Thuja (a genus of plants). [Modern L. Thuja, from Gk. thuia, name of an African tree, properly ‘a tree the wood of which was burnt for sacrificial purposes’, from thyein (= to sacrifice), properly ‘to cause to smoke’. See ‘thyme’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘thyine’ ibid.] תְּוִיָּה f.n. NH marking, outlining, sketching, designing. [Verbal n. of תָּוָה. See תוה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּוִיכָה f.n. MH cutting into two equal parts, halving. [From תוך. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּוְיָן m.n. NH score writer. [Formed from תָּו ᴵ (= musical note), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תָּוִית f.n. NH label. [Formed from תָּן ᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.] תָּֽוֶךְ, תּוֹךְ m.n. (pl. תּוֹכִים for senses 1 and 2, תּוֹכוֹת for sense 3) 1 midst, middle. 2 inside, interior. MH 3 (esp. in the form תּוֹךְ) contents. [Related to Kalumu במתכת (= in the middle), Phoen. תוכ, תכת (= in the middle, in the midst), Ugar. tk (= to, after), btk (= in the middle, in the midst).] Derivatives: תוך, תּוֹכִי, תִּיכוֹן. תּוֹךְ◌ pref. -intra, within. [From תּוֹךְ, c. st. of תָּוֶךְ (= middle).] תוך to mediate. תּוֹךְ m.n. deceipt. [See תֹּךְ.] תַּוָּךְ m.n. NH relay. [Formed from תִּוֵּךְ, Pi. of תוך.] תּוֹכְבָּר m.n. PBH the body of an animal stuffed with its pieces (head, entrails, legs) and roasted. [Together with Aram. תַּכְבְּרָא, of uncertain origin. According to the Mekhilta, Rabbi Yishmael called the so stuffed animal תוכבר because תּוֹכוֹ כְּבָרוֹ, ‘its inside is like its outside’, but this explanation is surely based on folk etymology. Levy’s derivation of this word from Syr. תְּכֵב, which should be related to and synonymous with MH תָּחַב (= he put in, inserted), and to which a ר should have been added, is forced and far from being acceptable. As for the real etymology of Syr. תְּכֵב see תכף in this dictionary.] תּוֹכֵחָה f.n. 1 rebuke, correction. 2 name of the warnings contained in Lev. 26:3–43 and Deut. 28:15–68. [Verbal n. of הוֹכִיחַ (= he rebuked), Hiph. of יכח. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.] תּוֹכַֽחַת f.n. 1 rebuke. 2 chiding, reproof. [From הוֹכִיחַ (= he rebuked), Hiph. of יכח. For the form see my analysis under pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תּוֹכַחְתִּי. תּוֹכַחְתִּי adj. NH 1 pertaining to a rebuke. 2 reproving, chiding. [Formed from תּוֹכַחַת with suff. ◌ִי.] תּוֹכִי adj. NH inside, internal. [Formed from תָּוֶךְ, תּוֹךְ (= middle; inside), with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: תּוֹכִיּוּת, תּוֹכִית. תּוֹכִיּוּת f.n. NH internality. [Formed from תּוֹכִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹכִית f.n. NH infix. [Coined from תָּוֶךְ, תּוֹךְ (= middle), and suff. ◌ִית.] תּוֹכֵן m.n. MH astronomer. [Back formation from תְּכוּנָה ᴵ in the sense of ‘astronomy’.] תַּוְּכָן m.n. NH 1 mediator, arbitrator. 2 middleman. [Formed from תִּוֵּךְ (= he mediated, acted as middleman), Pi. of תוך, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּוְּכָנוּת. תַּוְּכָנוּת f.n. NH 1 mediation, arbitration. 2 middlemanship. [Formed from תַּוּֽכָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹלָד m.n. PBH (pl. תּוֹלָדוֹת) . [A secondary form of תּוֹלָדָה (q.v.).] תּוֹלָדָה f.n. (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.) 1 birth, procreation. 2 child, offspring. 3 genealogy. 4 sequel, conclusion. 5 result. 6 nature. [Verbal n. of הוֹלִיד (= he caused to bear, begot), Hiph. of ילד. cp. Syr. תַּוְלֶדְתָּא (= generation, descent, origin, race, kindred). See also תּוֹחֶלֶת. cp. תּוֹלֶדֶת.] Derivatives: תּוֹלָדִי, תּוֹלַדְתִּי. cp. תּוֹלָד and תּוֹלֶדֶת. תּוֹלָדוֹת f.n. pl. 1 history, chronology. 2 generations. 3 annals, chronicles. 4 consequences, outcome. [Pl. of תּוֹלָדָה (q.v.).] Derivative: תּוֹלְדוֹתִי. תּוֹלְדוֹתִי adj. NH historic(al). [Formed from תּוֹלָדוֹת with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹלָדִי.] תּוֹלָדִי adj. NH historic(al). [Formed from תּוֹלָדָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹלְדוֹתִי.] תּוֹלֶֽדֶת f.n. MH nature. [A secondary form of תּוֹלָדָה.] תּוֹלַדְתִּי adj. NH historic(al). [Formed from תּוֹלָדָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תּוֹלָל m.n. oppressor (?); captor (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 137:3 in the form תּוֹלָלֵינוּ, which is of uncertain meaning. Since it is parallel to שׁוֹבֵינוּ ‘our captors’, תּוֹלָל prob. means ‘oppressor’, or is another word for ‘captor’). [Of uncertain origin. Most scholars derive it from ילל (= to wail), and take it in the sense of abstractum pro concreto, and accordingly render it by ‘those who make us wail, tormentors’.] תּוֹלָע m.n. 1 worm. 2 crimson. [Related to Syr. תַּוְלְעָה, תַּוְלַעְתָא, JAram., Chr.–Pal. and Mand. תוליתא, Akka. tultu, Ethiop. tel, shḫauri tilǎlot (= worm). According to some scholars the orig. meaning of these nouns prob. was ‘the gnawing (insect)’, hence they are related to מְתַלְּעָה. cp. תּוֹלֵעָה.] Derivatives: תּוֹלָעִי, תּוֹלַעְנָה. תּוֹלֵעָה, תּוֹלַעַת f.n. 1 kermes-insect, Lecanium ilicis. 2 crimson cloth. 3 scarlet color. [Collateral forms of תּוֹלָע.] Derivatives: תּוֹלָעִי, תּוֹלַעְתִּי, תלע ᴵ and תלע ᴵᴵ. תּוֹלָעִי adj. NH wormlike, maggoty. [Formed from תּוֹלָע with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹלַעְתִּי.] תּוֹלַעְנָה f.n. NH mahogany. [Borrowed from Aram. תּוֹלַעְנָא (= a purple-red tree), from תּוֹלָע (= worm; kermes). See תּוֹלָע.] תּוֹלַעְנִית f.n. NH helminthia (name of a plant). [Formed from תּוֹלָע (= worm), with suff. ◌ִית. Loan translation of the name helminthia, which was formed from Gk. helmins, later form of helmis (= worm).] תּוֹלַעְתִּי adj. NH wormlike, maggoty. [Formed from תּוֹלַעַת (= worm), with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹלָעִי.] תּוֹמִיךְ see תּוֹמֵךְ. תּוֹמֵךְ adj. supporting. [Act. part. of תָּמַךְ. See תמך.] תּוֹמְכָה f.n. NH post, pillar, pole. [Formed from תָּמַךְ; see תמך and first suff. ◌ָה.] תָּוָן m.n. MH cell, cubicle. [From JAram. תַּוָּן, תַּוָּנָא (= cell). See תָּא ᴵ.] תּוֹסֵס adj. PBH 1 fermenting, effervescent, bubbling. NH 2 (fig.) agitated, excited. [Act. part. of תָּסַס. See תסס.] תּוֹסָף m.n. NH forestaysail. [Back formation from תּוֹסֶפֶת.] תּוֹסְפָאָה m.n. PBH one who used the vowel letters abundantly, one who writes plene. [Formed from Aram. אוֹסֵף, from יְסַף (= he added). See תּוֹסֶפְתָּא.] תּוֹסֶֽפֶת f.n. PBH addition, increase. [Formed from הוֹסִיף (= he added), Hiph. of יסף, with pref. תּוֹ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת. cp. תּוֹסֶפְתָּא.] Derivative: תּוֹסֶפְתָּן. תּוֹסֶפְתָּא f.n. PBH ‘Tosephta’ (lit.: ‘additions, extensions’) — name of a collection of ‘baraitoth’ containing teachings not occurring in the Mishnah. There were several Tosephtoth. [JAram. תּוֹסֶפְתָּא, from אוֹסֵף (= he added), from יְסַף, corresponding to Heb. הוֹסִיף (of s.m.), Hiph. of יָסַף; see יסף. However, the word תוספתא is really a plural noun, hence should be spelled תּוֹסְפָתָא, and accordingly called ‘Tosephatha’. This becomes evident from the Heb. word תּוֹסָפוֹת (q.v.), which is a loan word from Aram. תוספתא.] תּוֹסֶפְתָּן m.n. NH appendix (anatomy). [Formed from תּוֹסֶפֶת with suff. ◌ָן.] תּוֹעֵב m.n. PBH an abominable person. [Act. part. of תָּעַב. See תעב.] תּוֹעֵבָה f.n. 1 abomination. 2 horrible deed. 3 abominable usage. 4 shameful vice. 5 idolatry, idols. [Related to Phoen. תעבת. Prob. derived from base יעב. The verb תעב is prob. denominated from תּוֹעֵבָה. For the derivation of תּוֹעֵבָה from יעב cp. תּוֹכֵחָה (= rebuke), which derives from יכח (= to rebuke). For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.] תּוֹעֶה m.n. going astray, wandering. [Part. of תָּעָה. See תעה.] תּוֹעָה f.n. 1 wickedness. 2 confusion. MH 3 error. [From תעה.] תּוֹעֵלָה f.n. PBH use, profit, benefit. [Verbal n. of הוֹעִיל (= was of use), Hiph. of יעל. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת. cp. תּוֹעֶלֶת, a collateral form of תּוֹעֵלָה.] תּוֹעָלִי adj. MH useful, profitable. [Formed from תּוֹעֶלֶת with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹעַלְתִּי.] תּוֹעֶֽלֶת f.n. PBH (pl. תּוֹעָלוֹת, also תּוֹעֲלִיּוֹת) use, profit, benefit. [A collateral form of תּוֹעֵלָה.] Derivatives: תּוֹעָלִי, תּוֹעַלְתִּי, תּוֹעַלְתָּן. תּוֹעַלְתִּי adj. NH useful, profitable, practicable, utilitarian. [Formed from תּוֹעֶלֶת with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹעָלִי.] Derivative: תּוֹעַלְתִּיּוּת. תּוֹעַלְתִּיּוּת f.n. NH usefulness, profitability, utilitarianism. [Formed from תּוֹעַלְתִּי with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹעַלְתָּן m.n. NH utilitarian. [Formed from תּוֹעֶלֶת with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תּוֹעַלְתָּנוּת. תּוֹעַלְתָּנוּת f.n. NH utilitarianism. [Formed from תּוֹעַלְתָּן with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹעַמְלָן m.n. NH propagandist. [Derived from תַּעֲמוּלָה (= propaganda). For the ending see agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. תַּעַמְלָן.] Derivatives: תּוֹעַמְלָנוּת, תּוֹעַמְלָנִי. תּוֹעַמְלָנוּת f.n. NH propagandism. [Formed from תּוֹעַמְלָן with suff. ◌וּת. cp. תַּעַמְלָנוּת.] תּוֹעַמְלָנִי adj. NH propagandist (adj.), propagandistic. [Formed from תּוֹעַמְלָן with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תַּעַמְלָנִי.] תּוֹעָפוֹת f.n. height, eminence, strength. [Verbal n. from base יעף, whence also Arab. yafa‘a (= he ascended a mountain), yafa‘ (= hill).] תּוּפִין m.n. baked pieces of pastry (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 6:14). [Prob. a loan word from Akka. tappinnu, tuppinnu, name of a kind of grain or flour.] Derivative: תּוּפִינִיָּה. תּוּפִינִיָּה f.n. NH pastry shop. [Formed from תּוּפִין with suff. ◌ִיָּה.] תּוֹפֵס m.n. NH guard (mechanics). [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּפַס (= he seized). See תפס and cp. תּוֹפְסָנִי.] תּוֹפְסָנִי adj. NH keeping tight hold of. [Formed from תּוֹפֵס, act. part. of תָּפַס (= he seized; see תפס), with suff. ◌ָנִי.] תּוֹפֶֽסֶת f.n. NH tag (children’s game). [Subst. use of the act. part. f. of תָּפַס; see תפס and suff. ◌ֶת.] תּוֹפָעָה f.n. NH phenomenon. [Verbal n. of הוֹפִיעַ (= he shone forth), Hiph. of יפע. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.] תּוֹפֵף see תפף. תּוֹפֵר m.n. PBH tailor (the usual word is חַיָּט). [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּפַר (= he sewed). See תפר and cp. תּוֹפֶרֶת.] תּוֹפֶֽרֶת f.n. NH dressmaker (f.), seamstress. [f. of תּוֹפֵר.] תּוֹצָא m.n. NH effect. [Back formation from תּוֹצָאָה.] תּוֹצָאָה f.n. (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.) 1 outgoing, extremity, outskirts. 2 place of going out, escape, gate. 3 source. 4 result, consequence. [Formed from יצא, Hiph. הוֹצִיא (= he brought out, carried out), with pref. תּוֹ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תּוֹצָר m.n. NH product. [Formed from יצר (= to form, fashion, create; to produce), with pref. תּוֹ◌. cp. תּוֹצֶרֶת.] תּוֹצֶֽרֶת f.n. NH 1 produce, output, yield. 2 production. [Formed from יצר with pref. תּוֹ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תּוֹקֵֽעַ m.n. ‘shofar’ blower. [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּקַע (= he blew the shofar). See תקע.] תּוֹקְפָן m.n. NH aggressor. [Formed from תּוֹקֵף, act. part. of תָּקַף (= he attacked, assailed, assaulted; see תקף), with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. תַּקְפָן.] Derivatives: תּוֹקְפָנוּת, תּוֹקְפָנִי. תּוֹקְפָנוּת f.n. NH aggressiveness, aggressivity. [Formed from תּוֹקְפָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹקְפָנִי adj. NH aggressive. [Formed from תּוֹקְפָן with suff. ◌ִי.] תור to spy out, search out, explore. תּוּר m.n. MH curiosity. [From תור.] תּוֹר ᴵ m.n. plait, circlet (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 1:10 and 11). [Related to JAram. תּוֹרָא (= cord, brim), Akka. turru (= string), perhaps also to תּוֹר ᴵᴵ.] תּוֹר ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 time, (one’s) turn. 2 queue, course. NH 3 era, epoch. [Prob. derived from base תור (= to go about, turn about), whence also Arab. tāra (= he went around), tāra (= once, sometimes, at times). See תור.] Derivatives: תּוֹרָן, תּוֹרָנוּת, תּוֹרָנִי ᴵ. תּוֹר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. turtledove. [Of imitative origin. cp. L. turtur (= turtledove), which is also imitative. Eng. turte (in the sense of ‘turtledove’) derives from Old Eng. turtle, which is formed from L. turtur with dissimilation of the second r into l.] תּוֹר ᴵⱽ m.n. appearance (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. I 17:17 in the phrase כְּתוֹר הָאָדָם הַמַּעֲלָה, which is usually rendered by ‘after the manner of a man of high degree’). [Of uncertain origin. Generally explained as a secondary form of תֹּאַר (= appearance). If Haupt is right in assuming that תֹּאַר derives from תור, it is easily possible that כְּתוֹר here is identical with בְּתוֹר (= in the capacity of).] תּוֹרָא m.n. PBH ox. [Aram., corresponding to Heb. שׁוֹר (of s.m.).] תּוּרְגְּמָן see תֻּרְגְּמָן. תּוֹרָה f.n. 1 instruction, teaching. 2 the Book of Laws, the Torah. PBH 3 the Five Books of the Torah, the Pentateuch. NH 4 copy of a book of the Torah. NH 5 theory, system. NH 6 a book containing the principles of any branch of science. [Verbal n. of הוֹרָה (= he pointed out, instructed, taught), Hiph. of ירה. Aram.–Syr. אוֹרָיְתָא and Ethiop. ōrīt (= instruction, teaching of the Torah) are Heb. loan words. Arab. at-taurā (= the Torah, the Pentateuch), is prob. a blend of Heb. הַתּוֹרָה and Aram. אוֹרָיְתָא. See אוֹרָיְתָא.] Derivatives: תּוֹרִי, תּוֹרָנִי. תּוֹרִי adj. MH 1 pertaining to the Torah. NH 2 theoretic. [Formed from תּוֹרָה with suff. ◌ִי.] cp. תּוֹרָנִי. תּוֹרִיּוּם m.n. FW thorium (chemistry). [Modern L. thorium, coined by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1828 from Thor, name of the Scandinavian god of thunder, and of chemical suff. - ium. See ‘thoria’ and second suff. ‘-ium’ in my CEDEL.] תּוֹרֵם m.n. NH donor, contributor. [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּרַם. See תרם.] תּוּרְמוֹס m.n. PBH lupine (plant). [From Gk. thērmos (= Lupinus albus), which is prob. identical with thermōs (= warm), in spite of the difference in the place of the accent. For the etymology of thermōs (= warm) see תֶּרְמוֹס.] תּוּרְמִית f.n. PBH group (of persons). [From L. turma (= troop, squadron of horses), which is of uncertain origin. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.] תּוֹרָן m.n. NH person on duty (by rotation). [Formed from תּוֹר ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תּוֹרָנוּת, תּוֹרִי ᴵ. תּוֹרָנוּת f.n. NH duty (by roster). [Formed from תּוֹרָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹרָנִי ᴵ adj. NH on duty. [Formed from תּוֹרָן with suff. ◌ִי.] תּוֹרָנִי ᴵᴵ adj. MH 1 pertaining to the Torah; theological. NH 2 learned in the Torah, scholarly. [Formed from תּוֹרָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: תּוֹרָנִיּוּת. תּוֹרָנִיּוּת f.n. NH scholarliness, expertness in the Torah. [Formed from תּוֹרָנִי ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹרֵס adj. NH protecting. [Formed from תְּרִיס ᴵᴵ (= shield).] תּוֹרְעֲמָנִי adj. NH quarrelsome, complaining. [Formed from תַּרְעֹמֶת (= quarrel, complaint), with suff. ◌ָנִי. cp. תַּרְעוּמָן.] תּוֹרְעָנִי adj. NH uproarious. [Back formation from תְּרוּעָה (= shout, cry, alarm). For the ending see suff. ◌ָנִי.] תּוֹרָשָׁה f.n. NH heredity; atavism. [Verbal n. of הוֹרִישׁ (= he made to inherit), Hiph. of ירשׁ ᴵ. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.] Derivative: תּוֹרַשְׁתִּי. תּוֹרַשְׁתִּי adj. NH hereditary; atavistic. [Formed from תּוֹרָשָׁה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תּוֹרַשְׁתִּיּוּת. תּוֹרַשְׁתִּיּוּת f.n. NH heredity; atavism. [Formed from תּוֹרַשְׁתִּי with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוֹשָׁב adj. & m.n. PBH 1 (n.) sojourner, inhabitant, settler. 2 (adj.) settled, stationary. [Formed from ישׁב (= to sit; to dwell), with pref. תּוֹ◌. cp. the related Egypt.–Aram. תותב, Syr. תַּוְתָּבָא (= settler). cp. also תּוֹשֶׁבֶת.] תּוֹשֶֽׁבֶת f.n. MH 1 basis, base, foundation. 2 tube, socket. [Formed from ישׁב (= to sit; to dwell), with pref. תּוֹ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תּוּשִׁיָּה f.n. 1 advice, insight, wisdom. MH 2 philosophy, metaphysics. NH 3 resourcefulness, orientation. [Of uncertain origin. Most scholars derive it from ישׁה. cp. יֵשׁ. For the affixes of this word see pref. תּוּ◌ and suff. ◌ִיָּה.] תּוּת m.n. PBH mulberry. [Prob. borrowed from Aram.–Syr. תּוּתָא, whence also Arab. tūt (= mulberry tree, mulberry).] Derivative: תּוּתִיִּים.] תּוֹתָב ᴵ adj. PBH inserted, fixed. [From Aram. תּוֹתָבָא, Syr. תַּוְתָּבָא (= settler, that which sits firmly, that which is fixed), from יְתֵב (= he sat), which is related to Heb. יָשַׁב (of s.m.). See ישׁב and cp. תּוֹשָׁב. cp. also תּוֹתָב ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: תּוֹתְבָן, תּוֹתֶבֶת. תּוֹתָב ᴵᴵ m.n. NH bush, bushing. [Sense enlargement of תּוֹתָב ᴵ.] תּוֹתְבָן m.n. NH prosthetist. [Formed from תּוֹתָב ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תּוֹתֶֽבֶת f.n. NH prosthesis, inset, insertion. [Properly f. of תּוֹתָב.] תותו to mark, to doodle. תִּוְתּוּו m.n. NH doodling; marking. [Verbal n. of תִּוְתֵּו. See תותו.] תּוֹתָח m.n. 1 name of a weapon (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 41:21). NH 2 gun, cannon. [Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Arab. wataḥa (= he beat with cudgels). Barth sees in it a loan word from Akka. tartaḫu (= cudgel).] Derivative: תּוֹתְחָן. תּוֹתְחָן m.n. NH gunner, artillery man. [Formed from תּוֹתָח with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תּוֹתְחָנוּת. תּוֹתְחָנוּת f.n. NH gunnery, artillery. [Formed from תּוֹתְחָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תּוּתִיִּים m.n. NH Moraceae (a family of trees). [Formed from תּוּת (= mulberry), with ◌ִיִּים, pl. of adj. suff. ◌ִי, used as a noun.] תּוֹתְרָן, תּוֹתְרָנוּת see תַּתֽרָן, תַּתְרָנוּת. תַּזְגִּיג m.n. NH enamel. [Formed from זִגֵּג (= he glazed). See זגג and pref. תַּ◌.] תֶּזָה m.n. FW thesis. [Fren. thèse, from L. thesis, from Gk. thesis (= a placing, setting), from IE dh–ti– (= a placing), whence L. con–dī–tiō (= a founding), from L. conditus, p. part. of condere (= to found). Gk. thesis is verbal n. of tithenai (= to put, place, set). See תֵּימָה and cp. תֶּזִיס. cp. also the second element in אַנְטִיתֶזָה, הִיפּוֹתֵיזָה, פְּרוֹתֶזָה, סִינְתֶזָה. תְּזוּזָה f.n. NH 1 moving, motion. 2 vibration. [Verbal n. of זוּז (= to move). For the form see תְּאוּצָה.] תְּזוּנַאי m.n. NH dietician. [Formed from תְּזוּנָה with suff. ◌ַאי.] תְּזוּנָה f.n. NH 1 nutrition, nourishment. 2 diet. [Verbal n. of זוּן (= to feed; see זון). For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] Derivatives: תְּזוּנַאי, תְּזוּנָתִי. תְּזוּנָתִי adj. NH nutritious, dietetic. [Formed from תְּזוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּזוּעָה f.n. NH trembling, shuddering; tremor, shudder. [Verbal n. of זוּעַ (= to tremble, shudder; see זוע). For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] תזז ᴵ to spring out, spring forth. תזז ᴵᴵ to envy, get excited. תְּזָזִי adj. NH shaken, perturbed, mad. [Formed from תזז ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּזָזִית f.n. PBH squall (occurring only in the phrase רוּחַ תְּזָזִית, ‘demon of madness’, ‘craziness’ or ‘epilepsy’). [From Syr. תַּזִיזוּתָא. It is possible that the orig. Heb. form was also תִּזָּזִית. See תזז ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: תָּזִיז. תָּזִיז adj. NH mad, crazy, insane. [Back formation from תְּזָזִית.] תְּזִיזָה f.n. NH squalling (of the wind). [Verbal n. of תָּזַז. See תזז ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ִה.] תֶּזִיס m.n. FW thesis, dissertation. [Gk. thesis (= a placing, setting). See תֶּזָה.] תַּזְכִּיר m.n. NH memorandum. [Verbal n. of הִזְכִּיר (= he caused to be remembered; he mentioned), Hiph. of זכר ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תִּזְכֹּֽרֶת f.n. NH 1 memorandum. 2 reminder. [Verbal n. of זָכַר (= he remembered; see זכר). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּזְמוּן m.n. NH timing. [Verbal n. of תִּזְמֵן. See תזמן.] תִּזְמוּר m.n. NH (the act of) orchestration. [Verbal n. of תִּזְמֵר. See תזמר and cp. תַּזְמוּר.] תַּזְמוּר m.n. NH (the result of) orchestration. [Modification of תִּזְמוּר.] תזמן to time. תִּזְמֹֽנֶת f.n. NH synchronism. [Formed from זְמָן (= time) with pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תזמר to orchestrate. תַּזְמָר m.n. NH orchestrator. [Formed from תִּזְמֵר. See תזמר.] תִּזְמֹֽרֶת f.n. NH orchestra. [Verbal n. of זָמַר (= he sang; see זמר ᴵ). Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] Derivative: תִּזְמָרְתִּי. תִּזְמָרְתִּי adj. NH orchestral. [Formed from תִּזְמֹרֶת with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּזְנוּנִים m.n. pl. fornication, prostitution, whoredom. [A secondary form of זְנוּנִים. Formed from זנה (with pref. תַּ◌, suff. ◌וּן, and pl. suff. ◌ִים.] תַּזְנוּת f.n. whoredom, fornication. [Formed from זנה (= to commit fornication, be a harlot), with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌וּת. Prob. contraction of taznŭv(a)t or taznūv(a)t, hence verbal n. of זָנָה (= he committed fornication). See זנה.] תַּזְקִיף m.n. NH account. [Formed from זקף (= to raise; to charge an account) with pref. תַּ◌.] תַּזְקִיק m.n. NH distillate. [Verbal n. of זִקֵּק (= he purified), Pi. of זקק ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תַּזְרִיק m.n. NH material injected, injection. [Verbal n. of זֵרֵק (= he sprinkled), Pi. of זרק. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תחב to stick in, insert. תִּחְבּוּל m.n. NH devising, contriving, plotting. [Verbal n. of תִּחְבֵּל. See תחבל.] תַּחְבּוּלָה f.n. direction, counsel, wisdom, cunning (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). [Prob. orig. meaning ‘rope pulling’, whence ‘steering, directing a ship’, whence ‘direction, counsel, cunning’, and related to חֶבֶל (= rope), חוֹבֵל (= sailor). See חבל ᴵV, pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תחבל, תַּחֽבּוּלָנִי. תַּחְבּוּלָנִי adj. wily, crafty, cunning, tricky. [Formed from תַּחְבּוּלָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.] תַּחְבּוּרָה f.n. NH communication, transport. [Formed from חבר ᴵ with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּחְבִּיב m.n. NH hobby. [Formed from חבב (= to love), with pref. תַּ◌.] Derivatives: תַּחְבִּיבַאי, תַּחְבִּיבָן. תַּחְבִּיבַאי, תַּחְבִּיבָן m.n. NH hobbyist, faddist. [Formed from תַּחְבִּיב (= hobby), with suff. ◌ַאי, resp. ◌ָן.] תַּחְבִּיר m.n. NH syntax. [Coined from חִבֵּר (= he united, joined, he composed). Formally verbal n. of חִבֵּר. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תַּחְבִּירִי. תַּחְבִּירִי adj. NH syntactic(al). [Formed from תַּחְבִּיר with suff. ◌ִי.] תחבל to contrive, to devise, to plot. תַּחְבְּלָן m.n. NH a wily, cunning or crafty man, tactician, trickster. [Formed from תִּחְבֵּל (see תחבל) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תַּחְבְּלָנוּת, תַּחְבְּלָנִי. תַּחְבְּלָנוּת f.n. NH wiliness, cunning, tactics. [Formed from תַּחְבְּלָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּחְבְּלָנִי adj. NH wily, cunning, crafty, tricky. [Formed from תַּחְבְּלָן with suff. ◌ִי.] תחבשׁ to bandage. תַּחְבֹּֽשֶת f.n. MH bandage, plaster. [Verbal n. of חָבַשׁ (= he bound, plastered); see חבשׁ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] Derivative: תחבשׁ. תְּחִגָּה f.n. NH festival. [Formed from חגג (= to celebrate), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה. For the form cp. תְּמִסָּה (= solution).] Derivative: תְּחִגָּתִי. תְּחִגָּתִי adj. NH festival. [Formed from תְּחִגָּה with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּחְדִישׁ m.n. NH word-coining. [Formed from חָדָשׁ (= knew) with pref. תַּ◌.] תָּחוּב adj. PBH stuck in, inserted. [Pass. part. of תָּחַב. See תחב.] תָּחֽוּחַ adj. PBH crushed, crumbled, loose (earth). [Pass. part. of תָּחַח. See תחח.] Derivative: תְּחִיחוּת. תִּחֽוּחַ m.n. PBH crushing, crumbling, loosening (said of earth), loose earth. [Verbal n. of תִּחַח, Pi. of תחח.] תִּחוּל m.n. NH priming. [Verbal n. of תִּחֵל, See תחל ᴵᴵ.] תְּחוּלָה f.n. NH inception, incidence. [Formed from חוּל (= to fall, occur; see חול), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּחוּם m.n. PBH 1 boundary, border, confines, limit. 2 dominion, domain, district. [A loan word from Aram. (= Syr.) תְּחוּמָא (boundary, border, limit), which itself is a loan word from Akka. taḫūmu.] Derivatives: תחם, תְּחוּמִי. תָּחוּם adj. NH 1 bounded, limited, delimited. 2 circumscribed. [Pass. part. of תָּחַם. See תחם.] תִּחוּם m.n. NH fixing boundaries, limitation, delimitation, demarcation, circumscription. [Verbal n. of תִּחֵם, Pi. of תחם.] תְּחוּמִי adj. NH pertaining to a boundary or boundaries; bordering; adjacent. [Formed from תְּחוּם with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּחוּשָׁה f.n. NH feeling, perception, sensation. [Verbal n. of חוּשׁ (= to feel); see חושׁ ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] Derivative: תְּחוּשָׁתִי. תְּחוּשָׁתִי adj. NH sensory. [Formed from תְּחוּשָׁה with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּחֲזוּקָה f.n. NH maintenance. [Formed from חזק (= to be strong) with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תחזק, תַּחֲזוּקָן. תַּחֲזוּקָן m.n. NH maintenance man. [Formed from תַּחֲזוּקָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּחֲזִית f.n. NH 1 forecast. 2 spectrum. [Verbal n. of חִזָּה (= he predicted, forecast), Pi. of חזה. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] תחזק to maintain. תַּחֲזֹרֶת f.n. NH reconstruction. [Verbal n. of חָזַר (= he went round); see חזר. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תחח to crumble, loosen. תְּחִיבָה f.n. MH sticking in, insertion. [Verbal n. of תָּחַב. See תחב and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּחִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 revival, resurrection. NH 2 renaissance, rebirth, renewal. [Formed from חיה (= to live), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּחִיחָה f.n. NH crumbling, loosening. [Verbal n. of תָּחַח. See תחח and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּחִיחוּת f.n. NH looseness of the soil. [Formed from תָּחוּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּחִימָה f.n. NH fixing of limits, limitation, delimitation, demarcation. [Verbal n. of תָּחַם. See תחם and first suff. ◌ָה.] תִּחְכּוּם m.n. NH sophistication. [Verbal n. of תִּחֽכֵּם, Pi. of תחכם.] תחכם to do something in a sophisticated way. תַּחְכְּמוֹנִי MH 1 wise counsellors. NH 2 academy. [From תַּחְכְּמֹנִי (Sam. II 23:8) ‘a Tahchemonite’, from the proper name תַּחְכּֽמֹן. However, in the parallel place (Chron. I 11:11) the name is חַכְמוֹנִי, ‘a Hachmonite’.] תחל ᴵ to begin. תחל ᴵᴵ to initiate; to prime. תֶּֽחֶל ᴵ m.n. MH beginning (poetic). [Abbreviation of תְּחִלָּה.] תֶּֽחֶל ᴵᴵ m.n. NH primer (military). [Back formation from תּֽחִלָּה.] תחלב to emulsify. תְּחִלָּה f.n. 1 beginning, inception, start. PBH 2 the first place. PBH 3 first degree of uncleanness. PBH 4 at first. PBH 5 formerly. [Verbal n. of הֵחֵל, Hiph. of חלל ᴵ. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.] Derivatives: תְּחִלִּי, תְּחִלִּית. תַּחֲלוּא m.n. disease, sickness, illness (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). [From חלה ᴵ.] Derivatives: תַּחֲלוּאָה, תַּחֲלוּאִי. תַּחֲלוּאָה f.n. MH 1 disease. NH 2 incidence of disease, morbidity. [Formed from תַּחֲלוּא with first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּחֲלוּאִי adj. related to disease, morbid. [Formed from תַּחֲלוּא with suff. ◌ִי.] תִּחְלוּף m.n. NH replacing, replacement, substitution. [Verbal n. of תִּחֽלֵף. See תחלף.] תַּחֲלוּפָה f.n. NH 1 substitution. 2 natural replacement. [Formed from חלף ᴵ (= to change), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּחִלִּי adj. NH of the beginning, initial, incipient. [Formed from תְּחִלָּה with suff. ◌ִי and cp. תּֽחִלִּית.] תַּחֲלִיב m.n. NH emulsion. [Verbal n. of הֶחֱלִיב (= he milked), Hiph. of חלב. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תַּחֲלִיף m.n. NH 1 substitute. 2 surrogate. [Borrowed from JAram. תַּחֲלִיפָא, from חָלַף (= passed over, changed). See חלף ᴵ and pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תחלף. תַּחֲלִיפָה f.n. MH change, substitution. [Verbal n. of הֶחֱלִיף (= he changed, substituted), Hiph. of חלף ᴵ. For the affixes see pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּחִלִּית f.n. NH prefix. [Coined by Prof. M.H. Segal (1878–1968) from תְּחִלָּה (= beginning), and suff. ◌ִית. cp. סוֹפִית.] תחלף to substitute, surrogate. תחם to confine, to set a limit, to mark out a
boundary. תַּחֲמוּד m.n. MH (pl. תַּחֲמוּדִים, also תַּחֲמוּדוֹת) desire. [Formed on the analogy of JAram. תַּחֲמוּדָא, תַּחֲמוּדְתָּא (= desire), verbal n. of חֲמַד (= he desired); see חמד. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.] תַּחְמִיץ m.n. NH marinade; silage, silo. [Verbal n. of חִמֵּץ (= he caused to be leavened), Pi. of חמץ. For the form of this word see תַּבֽרִיר.] Derivative: תחמל. תַּחְמִישׁ m.n. NH cartridge, ballistic cartridge. [Verbal n. of חִמֵּשׁ (= he armed, equipped), Pi. of חמשׁ ᴵᴵᴵ. See my analysis of the form תַּפְעִיל.] תַּחְמָס m.n. an unclean bird of prey (mentioned in the Bible only Lev. 11:16 and Deut. 14:15). [Various attempts have been made to identify it. Aharoni sees in it a species of an owl (Otus brucei), others identify it with the goatsucker (Caprimulgus). Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from חמס (= to do violence).] תחמץ to silo, to marinate. תַּחֲמֹֽצֶת f.n. NH oxide. [Verbal n. of חֲמֵץ (= was sour, was leavened); see חמץ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תחמשׁ to arm, to equip. תַּחְמֹשֶת f.n. NH ammunition, munitions. [Formed from חִמֵּשׁ (= he armed, equipped), Pi. of חמשׁ ᴵᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּֽחַן m.n. MH prayer, supplication (poetically). [Back formation from תְּחִנָּה.] תַּחֲנַאי m.n. NH stationmaster. [Formed from תַּחֲנָה with suff. ◌ַאי.] תַּחֲנָה f.n. NH station. [Formed from חנה (= to encamp), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה. Properly the sing. of Biblical תַּחֲנֹתִי. See תַּחֲנוֹת.] תְּחִנָּה f.n. 1 mercy, favor. 2 prayer, supplication. [Verbal n. of הִתְחַנֵּן (= he sought or implored favor), Hith. of חנן. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.] תַּחֲנוּן m.n. supplication for favor (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). [Verbal n. of הִתְחַנֵּן (= he sought or implored favor), Hith. of חנן. For the form see תַּגְמוּל.] Derivative: תַּחֲנוּנִי. תַּחֲנוּנִי adj. NH supplicatory. [Formed from תַּחֲנוּן with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּחֲנוֹת f.n. camp, encampment, station (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 6:8 in the form תַּחֲנֹתִי, prob. meaning ‘my encamping’. [Prob. from חנה (= to encamp). cp. תַּחֲנָה.] תִּחְפּוּשׂ m.n. NH disguising. [Verbal n. of תִּחְפֵּשׂ. See תחפשׂ.] תחפשׂ to disguise. תַּחְפֹּֽשֶׂת f.n. NH disguise. [Back formation from הִתְחַפֵּשׂ (= he disguised himself), Hith. of חפשׂ (= to search). For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.] Derivative: תחפשׂ. תַּחֲצָה f.n. NH crossing. [Verbal n. of חָצָה (= he divided into two; he crossed). See חצה ᴵ, pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּחִקָּה, תְּחֻקָּה f.n. NH legislation. [Verbal n. of חָקַק (= to cut in, engrave, inscribe, decree); see חקק, pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: תְּחִקָּתִי. תִּחְקוּר m.n. NH debriefing. [Verbal n. of תִּחְקֵר. See תחקר.] תַּחְקִיר m.n. NH debriefing. [Verbal n. of חִקֵּר (= he sought out, examined), Pi. of חקר. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תַּחְקִירָן. תַּחְקִירָן m.n. NH 1 researcher. 2 debriefing officer. [Formed from תַּחְקִיר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תחקר to debrief. תְּחִקָּתִי adj. NH legislative. [Formed from תְּחִקָּה with suff. ◌ִי.] תחר to compete, to contest. תַּחְרָא f.n. (pl. תַּחְרוֹת) corset, coat of mail. [Of uncertain etymology.] תַּחֲרָה f.n. PBH 1 quarrel. NH 2 contest, rivalry. [Formed from חרה (= to burn, be kindled), with pref. תַּ◌. cp. תַּחֲרוּת.] תַּחְרָה f.n. NH lace. [A secondary form of תַּחְרִים.] תחרה to compete, to contest. תַּחֲרוּת f.n. PBH 1 rivalry, strife. NH 2 competition, contest, match. [From חרה (= to burn, be kindled). cp. Aram.–Syr. תַּחֲרוּתָא (= contention). [ Derivative: תַּחֲרוּתִי. תַּחֲרוּתִי adj. NH competitive, contentious. [Formed from תַּחֲרוּת with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] תַּחֲרִיט m.n. NH engraving, etching, woodcut. [Verbal n. of חֵרַט (= he chiseled, engraved), Pi. of חרט ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תַּחְרִים m.n. NH (pl. תַּחְרִימִים) lace. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922), from Arab. taḫrīm, which derives from ḫarrama (= intensive), from ḫarama (= pierced, made a hole or holes), whence also ḫurm (= hole), ḫurm’ul-’ibrati (= eye of the needle).] תַּֽחַשׁ m.n. dolphin (?). [A word of uncertain etymology and meaning. Several scholars see in it a loan word from Egypt. tḥś (= to extend skin or leather), others connect it with Arab. tuḫas, duḫs, daḫs (= dolphin), still others compare it with Akka. taḥshu (= sheepskin).] תחשׁב to calculate. תִּחְשׁוּב m.n. NH making calculations. [Verbal n. of תִּחְשֵׁב, Pi. of תחשׁב.] תַּחֲשִׁיב m.n. NH calculation. [Verbal n. of חִשֵּׁב (= he counted, reckoned, calculated), Pi. of חשׁב. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תחשׁב. תַּֽחַת ᴵ 1 the under part. 2 underneath, below. 3 under, below, beneath. 4 in one’s place, where one stands. 5 in place of, instead of. 6 because of, on account of. [Related to BAram., Aram., Egypt.–Aram. תּֽחוֹת (= under), Syr. תְּחִית, adv. (= below), תְּחוֹת, prep. (= under), Ugar. tḥt, Arab. and Ethiop. taḥta (= under, below).] Derivatives: תַּחַת ᴵᴵ, תַּחְתּוֹן, תַּחְתִּי. cp. תַּת◌, תַּתָּא, תַּתָּאָה. תַּֽחַת ᴵᴵ m.n. NH (vulg.) buttocks, bottom, posterior. [From תַּחַת ᴵ.] תִּחְתּֽוּחַ m.n. NH noise, rattle, clatter. [Verbal n. of תִּחְתַּח. See תחתח.] תַּחְתּוֹן adj. lower, lowest, inferior. [Formed from תַּחַת ᴵ with adj. suff. ◌וֹן. Prob. related to Akka. tetenū, which prob. stands for teḥtenū and means ‘deputy, one who represents another’.] Derivatives: תַּחְתּוֹנִיּוֹת, תַּחְתּוֹנִים, תַּחְתּוֹנִית. תַּחְתּוֹנִיּוֹת f.n. pl. PBH abdominal troubles, piles. [Subst. use of the f. pl. of the adj. תַּחְתּוֹן.] תַּחְתּוֹנִים m.n. pl. NH underwear, underclothes. [Subst. use of the m. pl. of the adj. תַּחְתּוֹן.] תַּחְתּוֹנִית f.n. NH underskirt. [Subst. use of the f. form of the adj. תַּחְתּוֹן.] תחתח to make noise; to rattle, clatter. תַּחְתִּי adj. lower, lowest. [Formed from תַּחַת ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תַּחְתִּית ᴵ and תַּחְתִּית ᴵᴵ.] תַּחְתִּית ᴵ f.n. bottom, lowest place. [Subst. use of the f. of תַּחְתִּי.] תַּחְתִּית ᴵᴵ f.n. underground railway, busway. [Short for רַכֶּבֶת תַּחְתִּית. See תַּחֽתִּי and cp. תַּחְתִּית ᴵ.] תַּטְפִּיס m.n. NH stereoplate. [Verbal n. of הִטְפִּיס (= he copied, stereotyped; see טפס ᴵᴵ). For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] ◌ָתִי suff. corresponding in sense to Eng. pertaining to, -y or - itious. [Compounded of first suff◌ָה (orig. ◌ָת) and suff. ◌ִי.] תִּיאָה f.n. PBH crowfoot root, Ranunculus (a genus of plants). [Of uncertain etymology. Zimmern connects it with Akka. tiyatu.] תֵּיאוֹבֶּרוֹמִין m.n. FW theobromine (chemistry). [Coined from Modern L. Theobroma and chem. suff. - ine. Modern L. Theobroma was coined by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707–78) from Gk. theos (= god) and broma (= food), which is related to bora (= food), and cogn. with L. vorāre (= to devour). The name prop. refers to the cocoa as ‘the food of the gods’.] תֵּיאוֹגוֹנְיָה f.n. FW theogony. [Gk. theogonia (= origin of the gods), compounded of theos (= god), and gonia, from gonos (= race, birth, descent), which stands in gradational relationship to genos (= race, descent). See תֵּיאִיזְם and גֶּן.] תֵּיאוֹדוֹלִיט m.n. FW theodolite. [Modern L. theodolitus, of uncertain origin.] תֵּיאוֹדִיצְיָה f.n. FW theodicy. [Fren. théodicée (lit.: ‘justice of God’). Formed by the German philosopher Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646–1716) from Gk. theos (= God), and dike (= justice).] תֵּיאוֹלוֹג m.n. FW theologian. [Fren. théologien, whence also Eng. theologian, from L. theologia. See תֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה.] תֵּיאוֹלוֹגִי adj. FW theological. [From תֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] תֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW theology. [L. theologia, from Gk. theologia (= science of divine things), from theologos (= one who speaks of divine things), which is compounded of theos (= God), and logos. See תֵּיאִיזְם and ◌לוֹגְיָה.] תֵּיאוֹסוֹפְיָה f.n. FW theosophy. [Late Gk. theosophia (= knowledge of divine things), which is compounded of theos (= god), and logia (= skill, wisdom), from sophos (= skilled, wise). See תֵּיאִיזְם and סוֹפִיזְם.] תֵּיאוֹפוֹרִי adj. FW theophorous. [Gk. theophoros (= bearing or carrying the name of a god), which is compounded of theos (= god), and pherein (= to bear, carry). See תֵּיאִיזְם and אֲנָפוֹרָה.] תֵּיאוֹפַנְיָה f.n. FW theophany. [L. theophania, from Gk. theophaneia, theophania (= manifestation of God), compounded of theos (= God) and the stem of phainesthai (= to appear). See תֵּיאִיזְם and פַנְטַסְיָה.] תֵּיאוֹקְרָטִי adj. FW theocratic. [From תֵּיאוֹקְרַטְיָה.] תֵּיאוֹקְרַטְיָה f.n. FW theocracy. [Gk. theokratia (= the rule of God), coined by the Jewish historian Josephus (c. 38–c. 100) from theos (= God) and kratia (= rule of), from kratos (= strength, power, rule). See תֵּיאִיזֽם and ◌קְרַטְיָה.] תֵּיאוֹרְבָּה f.n. FW theorbo (an obsolete kind of lute). [Fren. théorbe, téorbe, from earlier tuorbe, tiorbe, from It. teorba, var. of tīorba (= traveling bag), from Turkish torba (= bag); so called from the bag it used to be carried in.] תֵּיאוֹרְיָה m.n. FW theory. [Gk. theoria (= spectacle, contemplation, consideration), from theoros (= spectator), from the stem of theasthai (= to see, behold), whence also theatron (= theater). See תֵּיאַטְרוֹן.] תֵּיאוֹרֶטִי adj. FW theoretical. [Gk. theoretikos (= to be seen), from theoretos (= seen), verbal adj. of theorein (= to look at, behold), from theoros. See תֵּיאוֹרְיָה and suff. ◌ִי, and cp. תֵּיאוֹרֶמָה.] Derivatives: תֵּיאוֹרֶטִיּוּת, תֵּיאוֹרֶטִיקוֹן. תֵּיאוֹרֶטִיּוּת f.n. FW theoretics. [Formed from תֵּיאוֹרֶטִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תֵּיאוֹרֶטִיקוֹן, תֵּיאוֹרֶטִיקָן m.n. FW theoretician. [Formed from Gk. theoretikos (= to be seen; see תֵּיאוֹרֶטִי), with suff. ◌וֹן.] תֵּיאוֹרֶמָה f.n. FW theorem. [Late L. theorēma, from Gk. theorema (= sight, spectacle), from theorein (= spectator). See תֵּיאוֹרֽיָה. For the ending of theorema see suff. ‘–ma’ in my CEDEL.] תֵּיאַטְרוֹן m.n. FW (pl. תֵּיאַטְרוֹנִים, also תֵּיאַטְרָאוֹת) theater. [Gk. theatron (= theater), lit.: ‘a place for seeing’. Formed with – tron, a suff. denoting place, from thea (= sight, spectacle). cp. תֵּיאוֹרְיָה, תֵּיאוֹרֶמָה. cp. also ‘thaumato–’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: תֵּיאַטְרוֹנִי. תֵּיאַטְרָלִי adj. FW theatrical. [Formed on the analogy of Fren. théâtral, Ger. theatral, etc., from Gk. theatron (see תֵּיאַטְרוֹן) with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תֵּיאַטְרָלִיּוּת. תֵּיאַטְרָלִיּוּת f.n. FW theatricality. [Formed from תֵּיאַטְרָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תֵּיאִיזְם m.n. FW theism. [Formed with suff. ◌ִיזְם from Gk. theos (= God), which prob. stands for * dhes–os, from IE base * dhes– (= holy). cp. אַתֵּיאִיזְם, הֶנוֹתֵיאִיזְם, אַפּוֹתֵיאוֹזָה, מוֹנוֹתֵיאִיזְם, פַּנְתֵּיאִיזְם, פּוֹלִיתֵּיאִיזְם. cp. also the first element in תֵּיאוֹבְּרוֹמִין and in תֵּיאוֹגוֹנְיָה.] תִּיאָמִין m.n. FW thiamin(e) (biochemistry). [Compounded of Gk. theio, thei, from theion, theeion (= brimstone), and amine, amin, a compound coined from the first syllable of ammonia and chemical suff. - ine. See ‘thio-’ and ‘amine’ in my CEDEL.] תיג to adorn (letters). תְּיוּבְתָּא f.n. PBH 1 answer, reply, response. 2 contention. [JAram., from תוב (= to return), which is related to Heb. שׁוב (of s.m.). See שׁוב ᴵ.] תִּיּוּג m.n. NH adorning letters with crownlets. [Verbal n. of תִּיֵּג. See תיג.] תִּיּוּל m.n. NH wiring. [Verbal n. of תִּיֵּל, Pi. of תיל.] תְּיוֹם m.n. PBH twin. [A secondary form of תְּאוֹם. cp. JAram. תְּיוֹם.] Derivative: תְּיוֹמָה. תְּיוֹמָה, תְּיֽוֹמֶת f.n. PBH 1 twin sister. 2 central leaf of a palm branch. [f. of תְּיוֹם.] תֵּיוֹן m.n. NH teapot. [Formed from תֵּה (= tea), with suff. ◌וֹן.] תִּיּוּק m.n. NH filing (papers). [Verbal n. of תִּיֵּק. See תיק.] תִּיּוּר m.n. MH 1 leading (e.g. of a caravan). PBH 2 passport. NH 3 journey, tour. [Verbal n. of תִּיֵּר. See תיר.] תּיכוֹן adj. middle. [Formed from תּוֹךְ (= middle), through dissimilation of ō to ī. See חִיצוֹן and cp. words there referred to. For the ending see adj. suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivatives: תִּיכוֹנִי, תִּיכוֹנִיָּה. תִּיכוֹנִי adj. MH middle. [Formed from תִּיכוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] תִּיכוֹנִיָּה f.n. NH secondary school, high school. [Formed from תִּיכוֹן with suff. ◌ִיָּה.] תַּֽיִל m.n. NH wire. [A Turkish loan word.] Derivative: תיל.] תיל to wire. תֵּימָה f.n. FW theme. [L. thema, from Gk. thema (= that which is placed), from the stem of tithenai (= to put, place), whence also thesis (= a placing, setting), theke (= case in which to put something). See תִּיק and cp. תֶּזָה.] תִּימוֹרָה f.n. (pl. תִּימוֹרוֹת, also תִּימוֹרִים) 1 ornament. NH 2 column. [Prob. dimin. of תָּמָר (= palm tree), and orig. meaning ‘a palmlike ornament’. cp. תִּימָרָה, תִּימֹרֶת.] תֵּימָן f.n. 1 south; south wind. 2 ‘Teman’, name of a district in Edom. NH 3 Yemen. [Lit.: ‘that which is on the right side’ (if one faces east), from יָמִין (= right hand; right side). The right side was regarded as auspicious. cp. Arab. yaman (= Yemen), lit.: ‘the country of the South; the happy country’), from yaman (= right hand, right side, south), whence yamana (= he was happy), lit.: ‘he turned, or went, to the right’. cp. also Dekkan, part of India situated south of the Narbada River, lit. meaning ‘south’, and related to Old I. dákṣinaḥ (= on the right hand; southern). cp. also ‘maimon’ and ‘monkey’ in my CEDEL.] תֵּימָנִי adj. 1 Temanite. NH 2 Yemenite. [Formed from תֵּימָן with suff. ◌ִי.] תִּימָרָה f.n. (pl. תִּימָרוֹת) column, pillar (in the Bible occurring only Joel 3:3 and Cant. 3:6 in the phrase תִּימְרוֹת־עָשָׁן, which prob. means ‘pillars of smoke’). cp. the prosaic equivalent עַמּוּד־עָשָׁן (Jud. 20:40), ‘pillar of smoke’. Prob. derived from תָּמָר (= palm tree), and lit. meaning ‘palmlike column’. cp. תִּימוֹרָה, תִּימֹרֶת.] תְּיְֹמֶת see תְּיוֹמָה. תִּימֹרֶת f.n. NH (pl. תִּימָרוֹת) . [A secondary form of תִּימוֹרָה (q.v.).] תִּינוֹק m.n. PBH 1 baby, infant. 2 child. [From ינק (= to suck). The תּ is prob. euphonic. cp. Aram.–Syr. יָנוֹקָא (of s.m.). [ Derivatives: תִּינוֹקִי, תִּינֹקֶת. תִּינוֹקִי adj. NH babyish, infantile; childish. [Formed from תִּינוֹק with suff. ◌ִי.] תִּינוֹקִיּוּת f.n. babyishness, childishness, infantilism. [Formed from תִּינוֹקִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּינֹֽקֶת f.n. PBH 1 baby (f.), infant (f.). 2 child (f.). [f. of תִּינוֹק.] תִּיק m.n. PBH 1 casing, case. 2 briefcase; file; portfolio. [Gk. theke (= that which is placed), from the stem of tithenai (= to put, place), whence also thesis (= a placing, setting), thema (= that which is placed), themis (= right, law, decree), thesmos (= law, rule, precept; lit.: ‘that which is laid down), from IE base * dhō–, *dhē–, *dh– (= to do, make; to put, place). cp. דָּת. cp. also תֶּזָה, תֵּימָה, פָּמַלְיָא, פַקְט, קוֹנְדִיטוֹן, and the second element in אַפּוֹתֵיקָה, דִּיָּתֵיקִי, קְרֶדִיט.] Derivatives: תיק, תַּיָּק, תִּיקִיָּה, תִּיקִיּוֹן, תִּיקִית, תִּיקָן. תיק to file. תַּיָּק m.n. NH filing clerk. [Nomen opificis formed from תִּיֵּק (= he filed; see תיק), according to the pattern פַּעָל.] תֵּיקוּ m.n. PBH (formally intr. v.) stalemate, draw; the question remains unanswered. [Aram. תֵּיקוּ, short for תֵּקוּם (= it — the question — shall stand), from קוּם (= to stand), which is related to Heb. קוּם (= to stand up, rise). See קום. According to popular etymology, an acrostic of תִּשְׁבִּי יְתָרֵץ קוּשְׁיוֹת וּבְעָיוֹת (= Elijah the prophet would solve such puzzles and questions).] תִּיקִיָּה f.n. NH filing cabinet. [Formed from תִּיק with suff. ◌ִיָּה.] תִּיקִיּוֹן m.n. NH registry. [Formed from תִּיק with suffixes ◌ִי and ◌וֹן.] תִּיקִית f.n. NH a little case, a little container. [Formed from תִּיק with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.] תִּיקָן m.n. NH cockroach. [Formed from תִּיק (= case, casing), with suff. ◌ָן; so called because the eggs of the cockroach are lying in small receptacles.] תִּיר adj. PBH awake. [JAram. (= awake), prob. related to Arab. thāra (= he stirred up, was stirred, was aroused, was excited).] תַּיָּר m.n. PBH 1 guide (not used now in this sense). NH 2 tourist, sightseer. [Orig. nomen opificis formed from תִּיֵּר (= he showed the way, guided), Pi. of תור, according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. תָּר.] Derivatives: תַּיָּרוּת, תַּיָּרִי, תַּיָּרָן. תִּירָה f.n. NH scanning. [Verbal n. of תּוּר (= to spy out, explore). See תור and first suff. ◌ָה.] תִּירוֹשׁ m.n. must, new wine. [Related to Ugar. trṯ (= wine), and to Aram. מֵירְתָא, Syr. מֶרִיתָא, מֶארִיתָא, Akka. shirāshu, shirēshu (= must, new wine). The Heb. and Aram.–Syr. forms prob. derive from the Qal of ירשׁ, resp. of its equivalent ירת (= to inherit). The related Akka. forms are prob. Shaph‘el forms of an otherwise not found verb. The orig. meaning of רישׁ, etc., prob. was ‘to seize, catch’ (see רישׁ ᴵ and רֶשֶׁת), whence developed the meaning ‘to drive out’ (cp. the Hiph. הוֹרִישׁ, ‘he drove out’), in which case תִּירוֹשׁ would denote ‘the juice driven out of the grapes’. Haupt suggests that the orig. meaning of base רישׁ is ‘to press, squeeze’, hence תִּירוֹשׁ means ‘the juice pressed or squeezed out of the grapes’. cp. Coptic embris (= new wine, must), which is prob. a Sem. loan word.] תַּיָּרוּת f.n. NH tourism. [Formed from תַּיָּר with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּיָּרִי adj. NH tourist, adj., touristic. [Formed from תַּיָּר with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּיָּרָן m.n. NH organizer of tourism. [Formed from תַּיָּר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּיְּרָנוּת f.n. NH passion of tourism. [Formed from תִּיֵּר (= he made a tour), Pi. of תור (q.v.). For the ending see suff. ◌ָנוּת. cp. תַּיְּרָנִי.] תַּיְּרָנִי adj. NH curious, inquisitive. [Formed from תִּיֵּר, Pi. of תור, with suff. ◌ָנִי.] תִּירָס m.n. maize, corn. [In the Bible תִּירָס is the name of one of the sons of Japhet. Far and forced is the way in which this proper name came to denote ‘maize’, or ‘corn’. The Talmud renders תִּירָס by בית תרייקי. In the period of the Haskalah (1750–1880) it became customary to identify תרייקי — merely because of the similarity in sound between תרייקי and תּוּרְקְיָה — with Turkey. Furthermore, since maize is called in many languages ‘Turkish wheat’ (cp. e.g. Ger. türkischer Weizen — whence Yiddish Terkische weiz — It. granturco, Hungarian törökbúza, etc.), תִּירָס was and is still used to denote the maize in Hebrew. The identification of תִּירָס with maize on the basis of the above reasoning cannot be accepted. Before all בית תרייקי (see supra) cannot be identical with Turkey, because the Babylonian Talmud was concluded about the end of the fifth century and the Talmud Yerushalmi, in which תִּירָס is rendered by תרֹקא, was concluded even earlier, whereas the Turks appear in history for the first time in the thirteenth century. Furthermore, the Biblical name generally used for Turkey is תּוֹגַרְמָה (the modern name is טוּרְקְיָה). In consideration of all this I suggest to call the maize in Hebrew either חִטַּת־טוּרְקְיָה or חִטַּת־תּוֹגַרְמָה, i.e. ‘Turkish wheat’, which are a simple loan translation of Ger. türkischer Weizen, etc.] תַּֽיִשׁ m.n. he-goat. [Related to Aram. תֵּישָׁא, Syr. תַּיְשָׁא, Arab. tays (= he-goat), Akka. dashshu (= kid).] Derivatives: תְּיָשָׁה, תֵּישׁוּת, תַּיְשָׁנוּת, תַּיְשָׁנִי. תְּיָשָׁה f.n. PBH she-goat. [Formed from תַּיִשׁ with first suff. ◌ָה.] תֵּישׁוּת f.n. NH (also תַּיְשָׁנוּת) capriciousness. [Loan translation of Fren. caprice (= a whim). This translation is based on the erroneous supposition that Fren. caprice derives from L. caper (= he-goat), while in reality it derives from It. capriccio (= a shiver, sudden start, a whim), which is prob. compounded of capo (= head) and riccio, from L. ēricius (= hedgehog). For the ending see suff. ◌וּת, resp. ◌ָנוּת.] תַּיְשָׁנִי adj. NH capricious. [See תֵּישׁוּת and suff. ◌ָנִי.] תֵּיתֵי intr. v. PBH may it come; used esp. in the phrases תֵּיתֵי לֵהּ, ‘Let (thanks) come upon him!’, and מֵהֵיכָא תֵּיתֵי?, ‘whence will it come?’ (used in the sense ‘let it come whence it may’; ‘well’). [Aram., from אֲתָא (= he came). See אתא, אתה.] תֹּךְ m.n. (pl. תְּכָכִים) oppression, violence. [Related to Syr. תַּךְ, Aram. תוּך (= to harm, injure, oppress), Syr. תַּךְ, Aram.–Syr. נְתַךְ (= he harmed, injured, oppressed), prob. also to Arab. taktaka (= he trampled underfoot).] תַּךְ m.n. PBH stitch, seam. [Related to Aram. תַּכָּא, Syr. תֶּכְּתָא (= belt), Akka. tikatu (= rope, cord). Arab. tikka (= waistband) is an Aram. loan word.] תִּכְבֹּֽסֶת f.n. PBH washing of clothes, laundering. [Verbal n. of כָּבַס (= he washed; see כבס), in the form of ‘taqtulat’ (see תִּבְרֹגֶת).] תַּכָּה f.n. NH a small table. [From Aram. תַּכָּא (= seat, chair, table), which is borrowed from Gk. thakos (= seat, chair), which is ultimately ceable[[illegible]] to tithenai (= to put, place,[[illegible]] see תִּיק).] Derivative: תַּכְתַּקָּא. תכה a base of uncertain origin and meaning.
(A hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 33:3 in the form תְּכּוּ.) תְּכוֹל m.n. NH blue color; blue. [From תָּכֹל (= blue).] תְּכוּלָה f.n. NH content. [Formed on the analogy of nouns like תְּכוּנָה from כול (= to contain, measure), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תִּכּוּן m.n. PBH planning, designing. [Verbal n. of תִּכֵּן, Pi. of תכן.] תֻּכּוֹן m.n. NH Melopsittacus undulatus (ornithology). [Formed from תֻּכִּי with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּכוּנָה ᴵ f.n. 1 arrangement, disposition. MH 2 quality, character. [Verbal n. of הֵכִין (= he arranged, established), Hiph. of כון ᴵ. For the form see תְּבוּנָה.] תְּכוּנָה ᴵᴵ f.n. preparation. [Formed from כון ᴵ, after תְּכוּנָה in Nah. 2:10, where, however, the meaning of the word is ‘arrangement, disposition’ (see תּֽכוּנָה ᴵ).] תְּכוּנָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. MH astronomy. [For the etymology of the word see תְּכוּנָה ᴵ. The meaning ‘astronomy’ is derived from תִּכֵּן in the sentence שָׁמַיִם בַּזֶּרֶת תִּכֵּן (Is. 40:12), ‘He meted out heaven with the span’.] תְּכוּנָתִי adj. NH characteristic. [Formed from תְּכוּנָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] תָּכוּף adj. MH 1 rapidly succeeding each other. 2 closely pressed together. [Pass. part. of תָּכַף. See תכף.] Derivatives: תְּכוּפוֹת, תְּכִיפוּת. תְּכוּפוֹת adv. NH frequently. [From תָּכוּף.] תֻּכִּי m.n. (pl. תֻּכִּיִּים) peacock (?); parrot (a word occurring in the Bible only Kin. I 10:22 and Chr. II 9:21, in the pl.). [Of uncertain origin and meaning. Most commentators and lexicographers render it by ‘peacock’. In NH Heb. it is used to denote the parrot. Prob. derived from Malabai tōgai, tōghai (= peacock), which is prob. of imitative origin.] Derivative: תֻּכּוֹן. תְּכִינָה f.n. NH planning. [Verbal n. of תָּכַן. See תכן and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּכִיפָה f.n. PBH 1 succession. 2 successive stitching, stitch. [Verbal n. of תָּכַף. See תכף and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּכִיפוּת f.n. MH frequency. [Formed from תָּכוּף with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּכָכִים pl. of תֹּךְ. תַּכְכָן m.n. NH intriguer, troublemaker. [Formed from תּֽכָכִים, pl. of תֹּךְ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּכְכָנוּת. תַּכְכָנוּת f.n. NH intriguing, trouble-making. [Formed from תַּכְכָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תֶּֽכֶל m.n. MH end, purpose (poetically). [Back formation from תַּכְלִית.] תָּכֹל adj. sky blue. [Coined from תְּכֵלֶת (= blue thread), on the analogy of words like אָדֹם (= red), יָרֹק (= green).] Derivatives: תּֽכוֹל, תְּכַלְכַּל. תִּכְלָה f.n. 1 completeness, perfection (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 119:96). MH 2 boundary, limit, end, purpose. [Formed from כלה ᴵ (= to be completed, be finished), with pref. תִּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. תַּכְלִית.] Derivative: תִּכְלִי. תִּכְלִי adj. MH final (obsolete). [Formed from תִּכֽלָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּכְלִיל m.n. NH score (music). [Formed from כלל ᴵ (= to complete, perfect), with pref. תַּ◌.] תַּכְלִית f.n. (pl. תַּכְלִיּוֹת) 1 end. 2 completeness. PBH 3 aim, purpose, intention. [From כָּלָה (= it ceased; see כלה ᴵ). For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית and pref. תַּ◌.] Derivatives: תַּכְלִיתִי, תַּכֽלִיתָן. תַּכְלִיתִי adj. NH purposeful, intentional, teleological. [Formed from תַּכֽלִית with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תַּכֽלִיתִיּוּת. תַּכְלִיתִיּוּת f.n. NH purposefulness; teleology. [Formed from תַּכְלִיתִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּכְלִיתָן m.n. NH 1 teleologist. 2 careerist. [Formed from תַּכְלִית with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּכְלִיתָנוּת. תַּכְלִיתָנוּת f.n. NH 1 teleology. 2 careerism. [Formed from תַּכֽלִיתָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּכַלְכַּל adj. bluish. [Formed from תָּכֹל (= sky blue), through the reduplication of the second and third radical of the stem, on the analogy of יְרַקְרַק (= greenish), which derives from יָרֹק (= green), and אֲדַמֽדַּם (= reddish), formed from אָדֹם (= red).] Derivative: תְּכַלְכַּלּוּת. תְּכַלְכַּלּוּת f.n. NH the bluish color. [Formed from תְּכַלְכַּל with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּכֵֽלֶת f.n. 1 violet purple dye gained from the purple gland of the Murex brandaris. PBH 2 greenish. NH 3 light-blue color. [Prob. from Akka. takiltu (= blue purple) — which prob. derives from akālu (= to be dark) — whence also Aram. תִּכְלָא, תְּכֶלְתָּא, Syr. תֶּכֽלְתָא (= dark blue, violet or purple color).] Derivatives: תָּכֹל, תְּכֶלְתִּי. תְּכֶלְתִּי adj. NH bluish. [Formed from תְּכֵלֶת with suff. ◌ִי.] תכן to weigh, examine, estimate. תֹּֽכֶן m.n. 1 measurement. 2 fixed amount. MH 3 contents. [From תכן.] Derivatives: תָּכְנָה, תָּכְנִי. תֶּֽכֶן m.n. NH design. [From תכן.] Derivative: תַּכָּן. תַּכָּן m.n. NH designer. [Nomen opificis formed from תֶּכֶן (= design), according to the pattern פַּעָל.] תָּכְנָה f.n. NH software. [Formed from תֹּכֶן with first suff. ◌ָה.] תִּכְנוּן m.n. NH planning. [Verbal n. of תִּכְנֵן. See תכנן.] תִּכְנוּת m.n. NH programming. [Verbal n. of תִּכְנֵת. See תכנת.] תָּכְנִי adj. NH pertaining to the contents. [Formed from תֹּכֶן with suff. ◌ִי.] תָּכְנִיָּה f.n. NH program (esp. of a theatrical performance). [Formed from תֹּכֶן with suff. ◌ִיָּה.] תָּכְנִית f.n. 1 measurement, proportion (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 28:12 and 43:10). NH 2 plan, pattern. NH 3 draft, sketch. [According to Haupt, borrowed from Akka. taknītu (= careful production).] Derivatives: תָּכֽנִיתִי, תכנת. תָּכְנִיתִי adj. NH programmatic, planned. [Formed from תָּכֽנִית with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תָּכְנִיתִיּוּת. תָּכְנִיתִיּוּת f.n. NH planning. [Formed from תָּכְנִית with suff. ◌וּת.] תכנן to plan, to weigh, examine, estimate. תכנת to program. תַּכְסִיס m.n. PBH another spelling for טֵכְסִיס (q.v.). [Since the word derives from Gk. taxis, and Gk. t corresponds to Heb. ט, the letter spelling of the word is טַכְסִיס.] Derivatives: תַּכְסִיסִי, תַּכְסִיסָן, תכסס. תַּכְסִיסִי adj. NH another spelling for טַכֽסִיסִי (q.v.). See also תַּכְסִיס. תַּכְסִיסָן m.n. NH another spelling for טַכְסִיסָן (q.v.) [See also תַּכֽסִיס.] Derivative: תַּכְסִיסָנוּת. תַּכְסִיסָנוּת f.n. NH 1 tactics, strategy. 2 tactical skill. [Formed from תַּכְסִיסָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תכסס [Denominated from תַּכְסִיס. See טכסס.] תכף to succeed, follow immediately; to join
together; to sew together. תֵּֽכֶף adv. PBH immediately, instantaneously. [From תָּכַף. See תכף.] תֶּֽכֶף m.n. NH frequency. [From תָּכַף. See תכף.] תַּכְרִיךְ m.n. 1 robe, cloak (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Est. 8:15). PBH 2 bundle. PBH 3 (pl.) shroud. [From base כרך (= to bind round, wrap, surround). It is the only verbal n. of the form ‘taqtīl’ occurring in the Bible.] תַּכְשִׁיט m.n. PBH 1 decoration. 2 ornament, jewelry. [A doublet of תַּקְשִׁיט (q.v.). cp. JAram. תַּכְשִׁיטָא (= decoration; ornament, jewelry).] Derivative: תַּכְשִׁיטָן. תַּכְשִׁיטָן m.n. NH jeweler. [Formed from תַּכְשִׁיט with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּכְשׁיר m.n. NH preparation, specimen, article. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from הִכֽשִׁיר (= he prepared), Hiph. of כשׁר (q.v.). For the pref. see תַּ◌.] תִּכְתֹּֽבֶת f.n. NH correspondence. [Formed from הִתְכַּתֵּב (= he corresponded), Hith. of כתב. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּכְתִּיב m.n. NH dictation. [Verbal n. of כִּתֵּב (= he dictated), Pi. of כתב (= to write). For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תַּכְתַּקָּא m.n. PBH (pl. תַּכְתַּקִּין) a small table. [JAram., formed from תַּכָּא (see תַּכָּה) through reduplication.] תֵּל m.n. (pl. תִּלִּים) 1 mound, hill. 2 heap of ruins. NH 3 tumulus (archeology). [Usually regarded as a derivative of base תלל ᴵ. However, it is more possibly a loan word from Akka. sillu, which prob. derives from Sumerian dul (= mound, heap of ruins; breast of a woman), whence also JAram. תִּלָּא, Syr. תֶּלָּא, whence prob. Arab. till (= mound, hill). The place name תֵּל אָבִיב (Ezek. 3:15) is prob. identical with Akka. Til Abūbi, i.e. ‘heap of ruins left from the waters of the flood’; in Heb., Akka. abūbi became אָבִיב, which, however, was taken erroneously in the usual sense of this word, i.e. ‘spring’. It was in this mistaken sense that Nahum Sokolow, who translated Herzl’s Altneuland into Hebrew, rendered the title by תֵּל אָבִיב (as if this name meant ‘Hill of Spring’), and it was from this name that a new town in Israel was called תֵּל אָבִיב, Tel Aviv.] Derivatives: תָּלוּל, תְּלוּל, תְּלוּלִית, תַּלְתַּל, תלל ᴵ, תַּלֶּלֶת. תלא to hang. [A secondary form of תלה. cp. the first element in תְּלָא־אִילָן.] Derivative: תָּלוּא. תְּלָא־אִילָן m.n. PBH name of a small animal; prob. the squirrel. [Prob. compounded of תלא (= to hang) and אִילָן (= tree), and lit. denoting ‘an animal climbing on trees’.] תְּלָאָה f.n. weariness, hardship. [Formed from לָאָה (= he was weary; see לאה), with pref. תְּ◌ (q.v.). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּלְאוּבָה f.n. 1 great drought (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 13:5 in the phrase אֶרֶץ תַּלְאֻבוֹת, ‘a land of great drought’). NH 2 suffering. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from base לאב, which is related to להב (= to flame). cp. Arab. lāba (= was thirsty), lāba (= a stony tract of land). For the ending of תַּלְאוּבָה see first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּלַאי m.n. PBH handle, hanger. [From תלה. cp. תְּלוֹי.] תַּלְבִּיד m.n. NH plywood. [Formed from לִבֵּד (= he joined, combined), Pi. of לבד ᴵ, with pref. תַּ◌.] תִּלְבֹּֽשֶת f.n. raiment, garment, dress (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 59:17). [From לבשׁ (= to put on a garment, wear).] תְּלַג m.n. (pl. תַּלֽגִּין) snow (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Dan. 7:9). [BAram., related to Heb. שֶׁלֶג.] תלה to hang. תָּלוּא adj. hung, suspended, in uncertainty. [Pass. part. of תָּלָא. See תלא and cp. תָּלוּי.] תְּלוּדָה f.n. NH birthrate, natality. [A var. of יֽלוּדָה (q.v.), influenced in form by תְּמוּתָה (= mortality).] תָּלוּי adj. 1 hung, suspended. 2 hanged. PBH 3 attributed to. PBH 4 dependent upon. PBH 5 doubtful. [Pass. part. of תָּלָה. See תלה and cp. תָּלוּא, which is a secondary form of תָּלוּי.] תְּלוֹי m.n. PBH 1 handle, hanger. NH 2 cable ring, loop to hang something by. [From תָּלָה (see תלה). A secondary form of תְּלַאי.] תִּלּוּי m.n. PBH 1 hanging up, lifting, raising. NH 2 deferring, delaying. [Verbal n. of תִּלָּה (= he hung up), Pi. of תלה.] תָּלוּל adj. 1 exalted, lofty (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 17:12). 2 steep, sloping. [Denominated from תֵּל (q.v.), properly Qal pass. part. of תלל, the stem of תֵּל.] Derivatives: תּֽלִילוּת, תּֽלָלָה, מַתֽלוּל, מֽתֻלָּל. תִּלּוּל m.n. MH 1 making mounds. 2 making steep. [Verbal n. of תִּלֵּל ᴵ (q.v.).] תְּלוּל m.n. NH a little heap. [Dimin. of תֵּל (= heap). cp. תְּלוּלִית.] תְּלוּלִית m.n. PBH a small mound, hillock, molehill. [Dimin. of תֵּל (q.v.). For other diminutives formed through reduplication of the third radical see גַּבְלוּל. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית. cp. תּֽלוּל, תְּלוּלִית.] תָּלוּם adj. NH furrowed. [Pass. part. of תָּלַם. See תלם.] תִּלּוּם m.n. NH furrowing. [Verbal n. of תִּלֵּם, Pi. of תלם.] תִּלּוֹן m.n. NH a small mound. [Formed from תֵּל (= mound), with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן. cp. תְּלוּל, תְּלוּלִית.] תְּלוּנָה see תְּלֻנָּה. תִּלּֽוּעֵ m.n. NH removal of worms. [Verbal n. of תִּלַּע (= he removed worms), Pi. of תלע.] תָּלוּשׁ ᴵ adj. PBH 1 picked, plucked. NH 2 torn off, detached, loose. [Pass. part. of תָּלַשׁ. See תלשׁ.] תָּלוּשׁ ᴵᴵ, תְּלוּשׁ m.n. NH coupon, counterfoil, slip. [From תָּלַשׁ (see תלשׁ) and lit. meaning ‘(a piece) torn off’.] תְּלוּת m.n. PBH 1 handle, hanger. NH 2 interlinear writing. NH 3 dependence. [Formed from תלה with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּלִי ᴵ m.n. quiver with its arrows (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 27:3). [Derived from תלה (= to hang), and so called because of its hanging from the shoulder. For sense development cp. Ger. Wehrgehänge (= shoulder belt, sword belt), which is compounded from wehren (= to defend), and hängen (= to hang).] תְּלִי ᴵᴵ m.n. MH Draco (name of a constellation between the Great and Little Bear). [From Aram. אָתַלְיָא (= Syr. אָתַלְיָא, תַלְיָא, Mand. תאליא), name of a star which covering the sun causes its eclipse. These nouns are prob. borrowed from Akka. attalū, name of a serpent, which according to the ancients swallows up the sun and causes its eclipse.] תַּלְיָא f. adj. PBH hanging, depending, dependent (used esp. in the sense הָא בּֽהָא תַּלְיָא, ‘one depends on the other’). [Aram., from תלה.] תְּלִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 hanging (on the gallows). NH 2 hanging (of something), suspension. NH 3 gallows. [Verbal n. of תָּלָה. See תלה and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּלְיוּם m.n. thallium (chemistry). [Modern L. thallium, from Gk. thallos (= young shoot, green branch); so called in 1861 by Sir William Crookes (1832–1919), the discoverer of this element, from the green line of its spectrum.] תִּלְיוֹן m.n. NH medallion, pendant. [Formed from תָּלָה (= it hung; see תלה), with suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּלִיּוּת f.n. MH 1 being hung, hanging. NH 2 dependence. [Formed from תָּלוּי (= hanging), with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּלִיל m.n. NH colliculus (anatomy). Lit.: ‘a little hill’. [Dimin. formed from תֵּל (= hill), through reduplication of the ל.] תְּלִילוּת f.n. NH steepness. [Formed from תָּלוּל (= steep), with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּלִּים m.n. pl. MH shortened form of תְּהִלִּים. תַּלְיָן m.n. MH hangman, executioner. [Formed from תָּלָה (= he hanged; see תלה), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּלְיָנוּת. תַּלְיָנוּת f.n. NH executioneering. [Formed from תַּלְיָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּלֵיסָר adj. PBH thirteen. [Aram., contraction of תְּלָת (= three), and עֲסַר (= ten). See שָׁלשׁ and עֶשֶׂר and cp. תְּרֵיסָר.] תָּלִישׁ ᴵ m.n. NH the time of plucking (various plants). [Formed from תָּלַשׁ (see תלשׁ) on the analogy of forms of nouns like קָצִיר (= harvest).] תָּלִישׁ ᴵᴵ adj. NH detachable. [Coined from תָּלַשׁ (= he tore, detached; see תלשׁ), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: תְּלִישׁוּת. תְּלִישָׁא m.n. MH ‘Telisha’ — name of two accents: תְּלִישָׁא גְּדוֹלָה, ‘great telisha’ — a disjunctive accent placed above the word; its form is ◌֠; תְּלִישָׁא קֽטַנָּה, ‘small telisha’ — a conjunctive accent placed above the word; its form is ◌֩.] [Prob. derived from base תּלשׁ. cp. תַּלֽשָׁה.] תְּלִישָׁה f.n. PBH 1 plucking. NH 2 pulling out, tearing off. [Verbal n. of תָּלַשׁ. See תלשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּלִישׁוּת f.n. NH detachedness, detachment. [Formed from תָּלִישׁ ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּלְכִּיד m.n. NH aggregate. [Verbal n. of לִּכֵּד (= he united), Pi. of לכד. See my analysis of the form תַּפְעִיל s.v. תַּפְעִיל.] תלל ᴵ to made mounds. תלל ᴵᴵ to deceive; to laugh at, mock, deride. תְּלָלָה f.n. NH chute. [From תָּלוּל. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּלֶּלֶת f.n. NH tuberculosis (disease). [Coined on the analogy of Medical L. tūberculōsis, which was formed from L. tūber (= swelling, hump), from תֵּל (= heap), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.] תֶּֽלֶם m.n. furrow. [Related to JAram. תַּלְמָא, Chr.-Pal. תלם, Ugar. tlm, Arab. talam, Ethiop. telm (= furrow). cp. Coptic tlom (of s.m.).] Derivatives: תלם, תַּלְמִית. תלם to furrow, to make furrows. תַּלַּם m.n. PBH furrower, plowman. [Nomen opificis formed from תִּלֵּם (= he furrowed, made furrows, ridged), Pi. of תלם, according to the pattern פַּעָל.] תַּלְמוּד m.n. PBH 1 teaching, lesson, learning, study. 2 ‘Talmud’ (‘Mishnah’ and ‘Gemara’ combined). [Formed from למד (= to learn), with pref. תַּ◌. cp. Aram. תַּלְמוּדָא (= teaching, lesson, learning, study), Syr. תּוּלְמָדָא (= training, discipline, making disciples; instruction). cp. also Syr. תַּלְמֵד (= he taught).] Derivatives: תַּלְמוּדַאי, תַּלְמוּדִי. cp. תַּלְמוּדָא. תַּלְמוּדָא m.n. PBH teaching, lesson, learning, study. [Aram., emphatic st. of תַּלְמוּד. See תַּלְמוּד.] תַּלְמוּדַאי m.n. NH Talmudist. [Formed from תַּלְמוּד with suff. ◌ַאי.] תַּלְמוּדִי adj. & n. MH 1 Talmudic(al). 2 Talmudist. [Formed from תַּלְמוּד with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תַּלִמוּדִיּוּת. תַּלְמוּדִיּוּת f.n. NH Talmudic characteristics. [Formed from תַּלְמוּדי with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּלְמִיד m.n. 1 pupil, student, scholar (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. I 25:8). PBH 2 disciple. [Prob. borrowed from Akka. tilmēdu, which derives from lamādu (= to learn; see למד). Arab. tilmīdh (= pupil, student, apprentice) is a Heb. loan word. JAram. תַּלְמִיד, תַּלְמִידָא. Syr. תַּלְמִידָא, Chr.-Pal. and Mand. תלמידא, possibly are Heb. loan words.] תַּלְמִית f.n. PBH a little furrow. [Formed from תֶּלֶם with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.] תְּלֻנָּה, תְּלוּנָה f.n. murmuring, grumbling, complaint. [Formed from לון ᴵᴵ (= to murmur), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה. The punctuation תְּלֻנָּה shows that the base is more probably לנן.] תלע ᴵ to remove worms, to deworm. תלע ᴵᴵ to make red, redden. תַּלַּֽעַת f.n. NH helminthiasis (disease). [Coined from תּוֹלַעַת (= worm), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.] תֶּֽלֶף m.n. MH academy. [A blend of תַּלֽפִּיּוֹת (q.v.) and אלף (= to learn).] תַּלְפִּיּוֹת f.n. pl. a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 4:4 in the phrase בָּנוּי לְתַלְפִּיּוֹת, usually rendered by ‘built with turrets’. [Of uncertain etymology. Various attempts have been made to find the origin of this word, but they are all forced and farfetched. cp. תֶּלֶף.] תַּלְקִיט m.n. NH conglomerate. [Verbal n. of לִקִּט (= he picked up, gathered, collected), Pi. לקט of. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תלשׁ to tear off; to pluck. תֶּֽלֶשׁ m.n. NH 1 tearing off. 2 plucking. [From תלשׁ.] תַּלְשָׁה f.n. MH a secondary form of תְלִישָׁא (q.v.). תְּלָת adj. PBH three (used esp. in compounds, as in תְּלָת־אֵיבָר, ‘trinomial’; תְּלָת־אוֹפַן, ‘tricycle’, etc.). [BAram. and Aram. תְּלָת (= three), related to Heb. שָׁלשׁ (= three). Most dictionaries use תְּלַת for the c. st. This is a mistake. The Arab. alif in thalāth shows that the Qamatz in Aram. תְּלָת is a Qamatz perpetuum. cp. תִּלְתָּן.] תִּלְתּוּל ᴵ m.n. PBH wart; caruncle. [A collateral form of דִּלְדּוּל ᴵᴵ.] תִּלְתּוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. MH curling. [Verbal n. of תִּלְתֵּל. See תלתל.] תַּלְתַּל ᴵ m.n. lock of hair, curl (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 5:11). [The orig. meaning of this word is ‘date panicle’, whence fig., ‘lock of hair, curl’. It is related to Akka. taltallu (= date panicle), taltallū (= pollen of date panicle), and prob. also to Arab. taltala (= he shook).] Derivatives: תלתל, תַּלְתַּלּוֹן, תַּלְתַּלּוּת. תַּלְתַּל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH heap, pile. [Formed from תֵּל (= mound, hill; heap of ruins).] תלתל to curl (hair). תַּלְתַּלּוֹן m.n. NH a small curl. [Formed from תַּלְתַּל ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.] תַּלְתַּלּוּת f.n. MH curling; being curled. [Formed from תַּלְתַּל ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּלְתָּן m.n. PBH A plant of uncertain meaning. [According to Löw it is identical with the plant called ‘Trigonella Foenum Graecum’. According to him the name of this plant occurs also in Punic in the form תתלו (correctly תלתו), and derives this plant name from Aram. תְּלָת (= three), either because of the trifoliolate leaves or because of the three-leaved form of the Trigonella. However, this derivation loses in probability because the name of this plant has not yet been found in Aramaic. In NH תִּלְתָּן is used to denote the clover because of its trifoliolate leaves, whence also its L. name trifolium.] Derivative: תִּלְתָּנִי. תִּלְתָּנִי adj. NH three-leaved, trifoliate. [Formed from תִּלְתָּן with adj. Suff. ◌ִי.] תַּם intr. v. was ended, was finished, was completed. [Perf. Qal of תמס (q.v.).] תָּם adj. 1 complete, perfect. 2 innocent, artless. PBH 3 naive. PBH 4 without blemish. [From תמם.] Derivative: תַּמּוּת. תֹּם, תּוֹם m.n. 1 completeness, perfection. 2 integrity. 3 innocence, artlessness. [From תמם; properly subst. use of the inf. Qal. cp. תֻּמָּה.] תְּמָד, תֶּֽמֶד m.n. PBH 1 an inferior kind of wine made from grape skins or wine dregs. NH 2 mead. [Of uncertain origin. Several scholars saw in it a loan word from L. tēmētum (= mead, wine). Löw connects the noun תמד with Arab. thamād (= water remaining in the leather bottle). According to Löw, the right pronunciation of the word is תֶּמֶד; most scholars, however, prefer the form תּמָד.] Derivative: תמד ᴵ. תמד ᴵ to make grape-skin wine; to make mead. תמד ᴵᴵ to do constantly, continue. תָּמֵֽהַּ adj. PBH astonished, astounded, amazed. [From תָּמַהּ. See תמה.] תֵּֽמַהּ m.n. PBH 1 astonishment. 2 wonder, surprise. [From תָּמַהּ (see תמה). cp. BAram. תִּמֽהִין, תִּמֽהַיָא, JAram. תִּמְהָא, Syr. תּֽמֵהָא (= astonishment, amazement).] תמה to be astonished, be astounded, be
amazed. תֻּמָּה f.n. innocence, honesty, integrity. [From תמם. cp. תֹּם.] תֶּמָה f.n. FW see תֵּימָה. תַּמִהַאי m.n. NH a strange, peculiar person. [Formed from תמה with suff. ◌ִאי.] תִּמְהָה f.n. MH a secondary form of תְּמִיהָה (q.v.). תִּמָּהוֹן m.n. stupefaction, bewilderment, astonishment. [Formed from תָּמַהּ (see תמה) with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivatives: תִּמְהוֹנוּת, תִּמְהוֹנִי. תִּמְהוֹנוּת f.n. NH strangeness, eccentricity. [Formed from תִּמָּהוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּמְהוֹנִי adj. NH strange, eccentric. [Formed from תִּמָּהוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] תִּמְהוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH eccentricity, weirdness. [Formed from תִּמְהוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת; collateral form of תִּמְהוֹנוּת.] תְּמוּגָה f.n. NH lysis (medicine). [Verbal n. of מוּג (= to melt); see מוג. For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] תָּמֽוּהַּ adj. MH astonishing, amazing, enigmatic, queer, strange. [Pass. part. of תָּמַהּ (see תמהּ). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.] תְּמוּהָה f.n. NH a stupefying thing, puzzle, enigma. [Properly subst. use of תָּמוּהַּ (q.v.).] תַּמּוּז m.n. PBH 1 ‘Tammuz’ — name of the fourth Jewish month. 2 ‘Tammuz’ — name of a Babylonian and Assyrian god (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 8:11). [Babylonian Du’ūzu, Dūzu, contraction of original Dumu-zi, lit.: ‘the son who rises’, interpreted also as ‘the faithful son’.] תִּמּוֹז m.n. PBH name of a deformed person; prob. denoting one without eyebrows. [Of uncertain etymology.] תְּמוּטָה f.n. NH collapse, downfall, ruin. [Coined from מוט (= to totter, shake, slip); see מוט. For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה. cp. תֶּמֶט.] תָּמוּךְ adj. MH supported. [Pass. part. of תָּמַךְ. See תמך.] תִּמּוּךְ m.n. NH bracing. [From תמך.] תְּמוֹכָה f.n. NH strut, support, bulwark. [From תמך. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] תִּמּוּכִין m.n. pl. NH backing. [Pl. of תִּמּוּךְ (q.v.).] תְּמוֹל, תְּמֹל adv. yesterday. [Related to Aram. תְּמָלֵי, אִתֽמָלֵי, Syr. תְּמָל, אֶתְמָלָא, Ethiop. temālem, Akka. timāli, itimāli, ina timāli (= yesterday). cp. אֶתְמוֹל.] תְּמוֹלִי adj. NH of yesterday. [Formed from תְּמוֹל with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּמוּנָה f.n. 1 likeness, image. 2 form. NH 3 description. NH 4 (fig.) image. MH 5 geometric figure. [According to most scholars formed from base מין, מון (= to furrow, split; to invent, fabricate, lie), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה. It is more probable, however, that the ת in תְּמוּנָה belongs to the base.] Derivatives: תמן ᴵᴵ, תְּמוּנוֹן, תְּמוּנִי. תְּמוּנוֹן m.n. NH album with pictures. [Formed from תְּמוּנָה with first suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּמוּנִי adj. MH pertaining to a geometric figure. [Formed from תְּמוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תְּמוּנָתִי.] תְּמוּנִיָּה f.n. NH idyll. [Formed from תּֽמוּנָה with suff. ◌ִיָּה. Properly loan translation from Gk. eidyllion (= a short descriptive poem), lit.: ‘a little picture’ (whence also Eng. idyll).] תְּמוּנָתִי adj. NH pertaining to a picture. [Formed from תְּמוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּֽמוּנִי.] תִּמּוּר m.n. PBH rising straight up (e.g. of the moon, the sun, or of smoke). [Verbal n. of תִּמֵּר, Pi. of תמר ᴵ.] תָּמוּר adj. NH risen. [Pass. part. of תָּמַר. See תמר.] תְּמוּר prep. PBH in exchange of, instead of. [Shortened form of תְּמוּרַת, c. st. of תְּמוּרָה.] תְּמוּרָה f.n. 1 substitution, exchange. 2 thing acquired by exchange. 3 recompense. PBH 4 ‘Temurah’, a Mishnah and Gemara tractate in the order of קָדָשִׁים. NH 5 apposition (grammar). [Verbal n. of הֵמִיר (= he changed, exchanged), Hiph. of מור (q.v.). For the form of this word see תְּבוּנָה. cp. תְּמוּר and see הַתְמָרָה.] תַּמּוּת f.n. PBH 1 innocence, integrity. 2 soundness, unblemished condition. 3 harmlessness of an animal. [Formed from תָּם with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּמוּתָה f.n. 1 mortality (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 79:11 and 102:21 in the phrase בְּנֵי־תְּמוּתָה, ‘those that are appointed to death’, lit.: ‘children of death’). NH 2 death rate. [Verbal n. of מוּת (= to die; see מות), with pref. תְּ◌. For the form see תְּבוּנָה.] תִּמְזֹֽגֶת f.n. NH mixture. [Formed from מָזַג (= he mixed); see מזג. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּמְחוּי ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 plate with partition. PBH 2 charity box, charity fund. NH 3 soup kitchen. [Prob. formed according to the pattern תַּפְעוּל from מָחָה (= he wiped; see מחה) in the special sense ‘to wipe (i.e. to clean) a dish’. cp. תַּמֽחוּי ᴵᴵ.] תַּמְחוּי ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. תַּמְחוּיוֹת) cavities in the yoke of the draft cattle. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps identical with תַּמְחוּי ᴵ and so called in allusion to the dishlike hollows in the yoke.] תַּמְחוּת f.n. PBH dust (obsolete). [Formed from מחה ᴵ (= to wipe, wipe out), with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌וּת.] תַּמְחִיז m.n. NH a dramatized version of a novel, dramatization. [Formed from מחז with pref. תַּ◌ (q.v.).] Derivative: תַּמְחִיזָן. תַּמְחִיזָן m.n. NH dramatizer. [Formed from תַּמְחִיז with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּמְחִיר m.n. NH costing, cost accounting. [Formed from מְחִיר (= price). For the pref. see תַּ◌.] Derivative: תַּמֽחִירָן. תַּמְחִירָן m.n. NH costing clerk, cost accountant. [Formed from תַּמְחִיר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּמְחִית ᴵ f.n. NH expertise. [Verbal n. formed from מחה ᴵⱽ (= to recognize as an expert). For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] תַּמְחִית ᴵᴵ f.n. NH puree. [Verbal n. of מִחָה (= he rubbed, melted, diluted), Pi. of מחה ⱽ. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית. cp. מְחִית.] תֶּֽמֶט m.n. MH collapse. [A secondary form of תְּמוּטָה (q.v.).] תָּמִיד 1 continuity. 2 continually, constantly, always. 3 (short for עוֹלַת תָּמִיד) daily offering in the Temple. PBH 4 ‘Tamid’, a Mishnah and Gemara tractate in the order קָדָשִׁים. [Probderived from base מור, which is related to Arab. madda (= he stretched, extended; he prolonged, made to continue); lit.: ‘he measured’ (= Heb. מָדַד, ‘he measured’); see מדד. According to Hommel תָּמִיד is related to Arab. ta’mīd (= fixing, establishment), inf. of ’ammada (= he fixed, established). Geiger and Perles see in תָּמִיד a contraction of תַּעֲמִיד, from עמד ᴵ (= to stand). Driver derives it from base מוד appearing in Arab. māda (= he increased). For a similar formation cp. תָּדִיר.] Derivatives: תמד ᴵ, תְּמִידוּת, תְּמִידִי. תְּמִידוּת f.n. MH continuity, constancy. [Formed from תָּמִיד with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּמִידִי adj. MH continual, constant. [Formed from תָּמִיד with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תְּמִידִיּוּת. תְּמִידִיּוּת f.n. NH constancy. [Formed from תְּמִידִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּמִיָּה f.n. MH astonishment, amazement, wonder. [Erroneous alteration of תְּמִיהָה, written in the shortened form תמיה׳, whose apostrophe (indication of the omission of the final ה) was overlooked. See תְּמִיהָה.] תְּמִיהָה f.n. PBH astonishment, amazement, wonder. [Verbal n. of תָּמַהּ (= was astonished, was amazed). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. JAram. תְּמִיהָה (= astonishment, amazement, wonder). cp. תְּמִיָּה.] תְּמִיהוּת f.n. NH amazedness, strangeness, eccentricity. [Formed from תָּמוּהַּ (= amazing, queer, strange), with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּמֵיהַנִי PBH I wonder. [From תָּמֵהַּ (q.v.).] תְּמִיכָה f.n. MH support, assistance, help, relief. [Verbal n. of תָּמַךְ. See תמך and first suff. ◌ָה.] תֻּמִּים m.n. pl. one of the two objects attached to the breastplate of the high priest (the other is אוּרִים, q.v.). [Heb., תֻּמִּים, pl. of תֹּם (= completeness, perfection). cp. the Septuagint, which renders תֻּמִּים with aletheia (= truth), and with osiotes (= holiness).] תָּמִים adj. & n. 1 complete, perfect. 2 whole, sound, healthful (of men). 3 without blemish (usually said of sacrificial animals). 4 innocent, honest, upright. NH 5 (colloq.) naive. 6 man of integrity. 7 (neuter adj. used as a n.) what is complete, what is true; completeness, truth. [From תמם. Whence also Aram. תְּמִימָא, Syr. תַּמִּימָא (= perfect, innocent, harmless).] Derivative: תְּמִימוּת. תְּמִימוּת f.n. PBH 1 completeness, perfection. PBH 2 honesty, uprightness, integrity, innocence. NH 3 naiveté. [Formed from תָּמִים with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּמִימִי adj. NH innocent, honest, upright. [Formed from תָּמִים with suff. ◌ִי.] תָּמִיר adj. NH 1 tall, erect, upright. 2 slim, slender. [Formed from תָּמָר (= palm tree), on the basis of the sense זֹאת קוֹמָתֵךְ דָּמְתָה לְתָמָר (Cant. 7:8), ‘This thy stature is like a palm tree’.] Derivative: תּֽמִירוּת. תְּמִירוּת f.n. NH tallness, erectness, uprightness. [Formed from תָּמִיר with suff. ◌וּת.] תמך to grasp, support, maintain. תֶּֽמֶךְ m.n. NH support, assistance, help. [From תמך.] תִּמְכָא, תְּמָכָא, תְּמָכָה m.n. PBH name of an identified kind of the bitter herbs that can be used as ‘maror’ during the Seder service on the first two nights of Passover, enumerated in the ‘Mishnah’. [Possibly a loan word from JAram. תמכתא, with which the Gemara explains the Heb. name. However, the origin of this word has not yet been established.] תַּמְלוּג m.n. NH royalty. [From מְלוֹג (= usufruct), q.v. See also pref. תַּ◌.] תַּמְלוּחִית f.n. MH 1 saltiness, salinity. NH 2 pickles. [Formed from מֶלַח (= salt), with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌ִית.] תִּמְלַֽחַת f.n. NH brine. [Formed from מֶלַח (= salt), with pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ַת.] תַּמְלִיל m.n. NH text (music). [Verbal n. of מִלֵּל (= he spoke), Pi. of מלל ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תַּמֽלִילָן. תַּמְלִילָן m.n. NH 1 word processor. 2 librettist. [Formed from תַּמְלִיל with suff. ◌ָן.] תמס to be finished, come to an end, be completed.
תֹּֽמֶן m.n. PBH one-eighth. [Back formation from Aram. תְּמַנְיָא (= eight). See תּֽמַנְיָא.] תמן ᴵ to multiply by eight. תמן ᴵᴵ to picture, depict. תַּמַּן adv. PBH there. [JAram. (= Syr. and Chr.–Pal.) תַּמָּן, related to BAram. תֵּמָּה, JAram. (הָ)תָם, Mand. תאם, Modern Syr. tāmā, Egypt.-Aram. תמה and תנה, Nab. תנא, Arab. thamma and to Heb. שָׁם (= there).] תְּמָנוּן m.n. NH octopus, octopod; Octopus vulgaris (zoology). [Contraction of Aram. תְּמַנְיָא (= eight) and נוּן (= fish).] תִּמְנֽוּעַ m.n. NH 1 preventive medicine. 2 parry (military). [Verbal n. of תִּמְנַע. See תמנע.] תְּמַנְיָא adj. PBH eight. [Aram., corresponding to Heb. שְׁמֹנָה (= eight). See שְׁמֹנֶה, שְׁמֹנָה.] Derivatives: תמן ᴵ, תֹּמֶן, תְּמָנִיּוֹן, תַּמְנִית. cp. the first element in תְּמָנוּן. תְּמָנִיּוֹן m.n. NH octaeder (stereometrics). [Formed from Aram. תְּמַנְיָא (= eight), with suff. ◌וֹן.] תַּמְנִית f.n. NH octet (music). [Formed from תְּמַנְיָא (= eight), with suff. ◌ִית.] תמנע to prevent (illness). תִּמְנָעָה f.n. NH preventorium, prophylactic station. [Formed from מָנַע (= he prevented; see מנע ᴵ) with pref. תִּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תמנע, תִּמֽנָעִי. תִּמְנָעִי adj. NH preventive, prophylactic. [Formed from תִּמֽנָע with suff. ◌ִי.] תֶּֽמֶס m.n. melting away, dissolution (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 58:9). [Formed from מָסַס (= it melted, dissolved; see מסס), with pref. תֶּ◌. cp. תְּמִסָּה.] תְּמִסָּה f.n. NH solution, dissolution. [Formed from מָסַס with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תִּמְסָח m.n. NH crocodile. [From Syr. timsāḥ (of s.m.).] תַּמְסִיר m.n. NH handout, announcement, communiqué. [Formed from מָסַר (= he handed out, transmitted; see מסר), with pref. תַּ◌.] תִּמְסֹֽרֶת f.n. NH transmission. [Formed from מָסַר with pref. תִּ◌ and first suff. ◌ֶת.] תִּמְצוּת f.n. NH summarization, condensation. [Verbal n. of תִּמְצֵת. See תמצת.] תַּמְצִית f.n. PBH 1 juice. NH 2 essence, abstract, epitome, digest. [Verbal n. of מִצָּה (= he drained out, pressed out, squeezed out), Pi. of מצה. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] Derivatives: תמצת, תַּמְצִיתִי. תַּמְצִיתִי adj. NH essential, concise. [Formed from תַּמֽצִית with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תַּמְצִיתִיּוּת. תַּמְצִיתִיּוּת f.n. NH essentiality. [Formed from תַּמֽצִיתִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תמצת to summarize, condense, abridge. תָּמָר m.n. palm tree, date palm. [From תמר ᴵ, whence also OAram. pl. תמרן, JAram. תַּמְרָא, Syr. תְּמַרְתָּא (= date palm, date), OSArab. תמר, Arab. tamr (= dates), tamra (= date), Ethiop. tamr (= date, date palm).] Derivatives: תמר ᴵᴵ, prob. also תִּימָרָה, תִּימוֹרָה, תִּימֹרֶת. תְֹּמֶר m.n. 1 palm tree. 2 (fig.) pillar. [A collateral form of תָּמָר.] תמר ᴵ to be high. [Prob. base of תָּמָר and תֹּמֶר, possibly also of תַּמְרוּר ᴵᴵ. cp. Arab. itma’arra (= was erect — said esp. of a lance).] תמר ᴵᴵ to rise. תְּמָרָה f.n. PBH 1 palm tree, date palm. 2 date. [Formed from תָּמָר with first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּמְרוּט m.n. NH polish. [From מרט (= to polish). See also pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תמרט. תִּמְרוֹן m.n. NH maneuver. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from Arab. tamrīn (= exercise, practice, training, military training, drill), from marrana (= he trained, drilled), intensive conjugation of marana (= was pliant, was flexible).] Derivatives: תמרן, תִּמְרוּן. תִּמְרוּן m.n. NH maneuvering. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah from תִּמְרוֹן (q.v).] תַּמְרוּק m.n. ointment (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). [Verbal n. formed from מרק (= to scour, polish). For the form see תַּגְמוּל.] Derivatives: תמרק, תַּמְרוּקִיָּה, תַּמְרוּקָן. תַּמְרוּקִיָּה f.n. NH perfumery shop. [Formed from תַּמְרוּק with suff. ◌ִיָּה.] תַּמְרוּקָן m.n. NH cosmetician. [Formed from תַּמְרוּק with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּמְרוּר ᴵ m.n. bitterness (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 6:26; 31:15, prob. also Hos. 12:15, in the pl.). [From מרר (= to be bitter).] Derivative: תמרר. תַּמְרוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. pillar, signpost, road sign (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 31:21 in the pl.). [Usually derived from תמר ᴵ (= to be high). However, Barth connects תַּמְרוּר ᴵᴵ with Akka. amāru (= to see), Ethiop. ammara (= he showed), Arab. ta’ammala (= he looked attentively, regarded, contemplated).] Derivative: תמרר. תִּמְרוּר m.n. NH erection of signposts. [Verbal n. of. תִּמְרֵר, Pi. of תמרר.] תמרט to polish. תַּמְרִיץ m.n. NH incentive, encouragement. [Verbal n. of הִמְרִיץ (= he encouraged), Hiph. of מרץ. For the form of this word see תַּדִרִיךְ.] Derivative: תמרץ. תמרן to maneuver. תמרץ to encourage, incite. תמרק to ‘make up’ תמרר to erect signposts. תַּמְשִֽׁיחַ m.n. NH fresco. [Verbal n. of מָשַׁח (= he anointed; see משׁח ᴵ). For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.] ◌תָּן, ◌תָן PBH suff. forming agential nouns and adjectives, as in עַנְוְתָן (= humble, meek, modest), פְּעַלְתָּן (= an active person), רַעַבְתָן (= hungry). [Originally added to f. nouns, hence compounded of the f. ending t and the agential suff. ◌ָן (see ◌ָן). Later the suff. ◌תָן was also added to m. nouns. Often there are two parallel forms, one ending in ◌ָן, the other in ◌תָן, both being of the same meaning; cp. e.g. כַּרְסְתָן–כַּרְסָן, עַנְוְתָן–עַנְוָן.] Derivatives: ◌תָּנוּת, ◌תָּנִי. תַּן m.n. jackal. [Derived from base תנן, whence also תַּנִּין (= sea monster, dragon).] תַּנָּא m.n. PBH ‘tanna’, i.e. teacher; specifically teacher mentioned in the Mishnah. [JAram. תַּנָּא from תְּנָא (= he repeated; he learned, he taught), which is related to Heb. שָׁנָה (= he repeated; he learned). See שׁנה ᴵ and cp. תְּנָא, תַּנְיָא, תְּנַן, תְּנוֹ רַבָּנָן, מַתְנִיתָא, מַתְנִיתִין.] תְּנַא ⱽ PBH he repeated; he learned. [Aram., corresponding to Heb. שָׁנָה (= he repeated; he learned). See תַּנָּא and cp. תּֽנוֹ רַבָּנָן. cp. also תְּנַאי.] תְּנָאָה f.n. NH condition, term, stipulation. [From Aram. תּֽנָאָה, a collateral form of תּֽנַאי. See תְּנַאי.] תְּנַאי m.n. (pl. תְּנָאִים, also תְּנָיִים) PBH 1 condition, term, stipulation. NH 2 (only in the pl.) state. NH 3 (only in the pl.) data. [From Aram. תּֽנַאי (= condition, term, stipulation), which derives from תְּנָא (= he did again, repeated, taught), and is related to Syr. תַּנְוַי (of s.m.). These words prob. meant orig. ‘the second choice, alternative’. cp. תְּנָאָה. cp. also תְּנוֹי, תְּנוּת.] Derivative: תנה ᴵᴵ. תנב to cause to bear fruit. תִּנְגֹּֽדֶת f.n. NH resistance. [Formed from נֶגֶד (= against), with pref. תִ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תִּנְגּוּן m.n. NH instrumentation. [Verbal n. of תִּנְגֵּן. See תנגן.] תנגן to instrument. תנה ᴵ to repeat, rehearse; to tell, recount. תנה ᴵᴵ to hire (?) תנה ᴵᴵᴵ to make conditions, to
stipulate. תַּנָּה f.n. a female jackal. [f. of תַּן.] תְּנוּאָה f.n. 1 opposition. 2 occasion for hostility. [Verbal n. of הֵנִיא (= he hindered, restrained), Hiph. of נוא (q.v.). For the form of this word see תְּבוּנָה.] תְּנוּבָה f.n. 1 produce, yield, product, fruit. NH 2 output. [Verbal n. of נוּב (= to bear fruit; see נוב). For the form of this word see תְּבוּאַה.] תְּנוּדָה f.n. MH 1 motion. NH 2 fluctuation. NH 3 oscillation. [Verbal n. of נוּד (= to move to and fro; see נוד). For the form of this word see תְּאוּרָה.] תְּנוּחָה f.n. MH 1 position. 2 rest, resting, repose. [Verbal n. of נוּח (= to rest; see נוח). For the form of this word see תְּאוּרָה.] Derivatives: תֵּנַח, תנח. תִּנּוּי m.n. MH telling, recounting. [Verbal n. of תִּנָּה (= he told, recounted). See תנה ᴵ.] תְּנוֹי m.n. PBH condition, term, stipulation. [A collateral form of תְּנַאי.] תַּנְוִין m.n. NH nunnation. [Arab. tanwīn (= nunnation), properly verbal n. of nawwana (= he added a final ‘nūn’ to a noun, provided a noun with nunnation), a verb denominated from the letter name nūn. See נוּן.] תְּנוּךְ m.n. lobe (of ear), used only in the phrase תְּנוּךְ־אֹזֶן, ‘lobe of the ear’. [Of unknown origin.] תְּנוּמָה f.n. slumber, sleep. [Verbal n. of נוּם (= to slumber; see נום ᴵ). For the form of this word see תְּבוּאָה.] תְּנוּעָה f.n. NH 1 movement, motion. NH 2 transportation. NH 3 fluctuation. MH 4 vowel (Heb. grammar). [Verbal n. of נוּע (= to move, to wave; see נוע). For the form see תְּאוּרָה. In its grammatical sense תְּנוּעָה is a loan translation of Arab. ḥaraka (= vowel), which is a derivative of ḥaraka (= he moved).] Derivatives: תּֽנוּעִי, תּֽנוּעָתִי, תנע, תֶּנַע, תֵּנַע. תְּנוּעִי adj. NH of a vowel, vocalic. [Formed from תְּנוּעָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תְּנוּעָתִי.] תְּנוּעָתִי adj. NH pertaining to a movement. [Formed from תּֽנוּעָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּנוּפָה f.n. 1 swinging, waving, brandishing. 2 wave offering. 3 offering. [Verbal n. of הֵנִיף (= he moved to and fro, swung, waved), Hiph. of נוף ᴵ. For the form of this word see תּֽבוּנָה.] תַּנּוּר m.n. oven, stove, furnace. [A loan word from Akka. tīnūru (= oven), which itself is prob. borrowed from Sumerian tinur, whence also Aram. and Syr. תַּנּוּרָא (of s.m.). Arab. tannūr is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: תַּנָּר, תַּנּוּרָן. תְּנוֹ רַבָּנָן (the popular, traditional spelling is תָּנוּ רַבָּנָן) a term used in the Talmud to introduce longer passages from a well-known ‘Baraitha’. [JAram., lit.: ‘our teachers have taught’. The first word is the third person pl. of תְּנָא (= he learned). See תַּנָּא. For the second word see רַבָּנָן.] תַּנּוּרָן m.n. NH oven man; stoker. [Formed from תַּנּוּר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תְּנוּת f.n. NH (pl. תְּנוּיּוֹת) condition, term, stipulation. [A collateral form of תְּנַאי.] ◌תָּנוּת, ◌תָנוּת PBH suff. forming abstract nouns, as in עַנְוְתָנוּת (= humility, meekness, modesty), פְּעַלְתָּנוּת (= activity), רַעַבְתָנוּת (= hunger). Corresponding to Eng. - ity, -ness. [Compounded of the suffixes ◌תָּן and ◌וּת.] תֵּֽנַח m.n. NH cadence, cadenza (music). [Back formation from תְּנוּחָה.] תנח to set at ease, to extinguish. תַּנְחוּם m.n. comfort (in the Bible occurring only in the pl. תַּנְחוּמִים and תַּנְחוּמוֹת). [Verbal n. of נִחֵם (= he consoled, comforted), Pi. of נחם. cp. תַּנְחוּמִים and תַּנְחוּמוֹת.] תַּנְחוּמוֹת prob. f.n. pl. consolations, comfort (in the Bible occurring only Job 15:11 and 21:2). [A collateral form of תַּנְחוּמִים.] תַּנְחוּמִים m.n. pl. consolations, comfort. [Verbal n. of נִחֵם (= he consoled, comforted), Pi. of נחם. cp. JAram. תַּנְחוּמָא (= consolation, comfort). For the form of תַּנְחוּמִים see תַּגְמוּל. cp. תַּנְחוּמוֹת.] ◌תָּנִי PBH adj. suff., corresponding to Eng. –itious, –ive, as in פְּעַלֽתָּנִי (= active), רַעַבְתָנִי (= hungry). [Compounded of the suffixes ◌תָּן and ◌ִי.] תַּנְיָא adj. PBH ‘it has been taught’ — a term used in the Talmud to introduce a passage from a ‘Baraitha’. [Aram., f. of תְּנֵי, pass. part. of תְּנָא (= he learned). See תַּנָּא and cp. words there referred to.] תַּנִּים m.n. 1 a secondary form of תַּנִּין. 2 pl. of תַּן. תַּנִּין m.n. 1 sea monster. 2 serpent. 3 dragon. NH 4 crocodile. [From base תנן, whence also Egypt.–Aram. תנין, JAram.–Syr. תַּנִּינָא, Ugar. tnn, Ethiop. taman (= dragon). Arab. tinnīn (= dragon) is an Aram. loan word. Gk. thynnos (= tunny) is prob. borrowed from Heb. תַּנִּין. The Gk. word was influenced by Gk. thynnein (= to shake). cp. ‘tunny’ in my CEDEL.] תִּנְיָנִי adj. NH secondary. [Formed from Aram. תִּנְיָנָא, Syr. תֶּנְיָנָא (= second; see שֵׁנִי), with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּנַ״ךְ m.n. the Bible. [Acrostic formed from the initials of the words תּוֹרָה (= Torah — the five books of Moses), נְבִיאִים (= the books of the Prophets), and כְּתוּבִים (= the writings — used in the sense of Hagiographia).] Derivative: תַּנָ״כִי. תַּנָ״כִי adj. NH Biblical. [Formed from תַּנַ״ךְ with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּנַן PBH ‘we have learned’ — a term used in the Talmud to introduce a Mishnah. [JAram., shortened from תְּנֵינָן, lit.: ‘we have learned’, first person pl. of תְּנָא (= he learned). See תַּנָּא and cp. words there referred to.] תנע to set in motion, start up (a machine). תֶּֽנַע m.n. NH momentum (force or speed of motion). [From תְּנוּעָה (= motion).] תֵּֽנַע m.n. NH motif (music). [From תּֽנוּעָה (= motion).] תַּנְעוּמָה f.n. NH euphony (music). [Verbal n. formed from הִנְעִים (= he composed a melody), Hiph. of נעם ᴵᴵ, with pref. תַ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תִּנְעֹלֶת f.n. NH footwear. [Verbal n. of הִנְעִיל (see נעל). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּנְעֹֽמֶת f.n. NH melodics. [Verbal n. of הִנְעִים (see תַּנְעוּמָה). For the form of this word see תִּבְרגֶת.] תֻּנְפָּן m.n. NH kettledrum. [It. timpano, from L. tympanum, from Gk. tympanon (= kettledrum), a nasalized form of stem typ, which appears in typos (= blow, impression), typtein (= to beat, strike). The spelling with ת is erroneous. The equivalent of Gk. t in Heb. is ט (as illustrated by the word טִיפּוּס itself). Therefore I suggest that the word should be spelled טֻנְפָּן.] Derivative: תֻּנְפָּנַאי. תֻּנְפָּנַאי m.n. NH kettledrummer. [Formed from תֻּנְפָּן with suff. ◌ַאי.] תַּנְצְבָ״ה MH initials of the words תְּהִי נִשְׁמָתוֹ צֽרוּרָה בִּצְרוֹר הַחַיִּים (inscription on tombstones meaning ‘May his soul be bound up in the bond of life’), based on the sentence וְהָיְתָה נֶפֶשׁ אֲדוֹנִי צְרוּרָה בִּצֽרוֹר הַחַיִּים (= ‘May the soul of my lord be bound up in the bond of life’, Sam. I 25:29). תַּנָּר m.n. NH oven builder. [Nomen opificis formed from תַּנּוּר (= oven), according to the pattern פַּעָל.] תִּנְשֶֽׁמֶת ᴵ f.n. chameleon (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 11:30). [According to most scholars derived from נשׁם (= to breathe), hence lit. meaning ‘the snorter’ (cp. Arab. faḫḫāḫ, ‘chameleon’, lit.: ‘snorter’). However others connect תִּנְשֶׁמֶת with נֶשֶׁם = נֶשֶׁף (= night), so that תִּנְשֶׁמֶת would simply denote a nocturnal animal. cp. תִּנְשֶׁמֶת ᴵᴵ.] תִּנְשֶֽׁמֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. a kind of owl, prob. the White owl, Tyto alba (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 11:18 and Deut. 14:16). [Like תִּנְשֶׁמֶת ᴵ it either derives from נשׁם (= to breathe), and is so called for its snorting, or it is related to נֶשֶׁם = נֶשֶׁף (= night), and owes its name to its nocturnal habits. It is more probable that two different animals should be called ‘nocturnal animals’ than ‘snorters’. See תִּנְשֶׁמֶת ᴵ.] תַּ״ס NH drill exercises (military). [Formed from the initials of the words תַּרְגִילֵי סֵדֶר, lit.: ‘order exercises’.] תְּסִבָּה f.n. PBH 1 surrounding. NH 2 circular motion, rotation. [Verbal n. of סִבֵּב (= he surrounded, encompassed), Pi. of סבב.] תַּסְבִּיךְ m.n. NH 1 complication. 2 (psychology) complex. [Verbal n. of סִבֵּךְ (= he entangled, complicated), Pi. of סבך. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תסבך. תַּסְבִּיר m.n. NH prospectus. [Verbal n. of הִסְבִּיר (= he made clear, explained), Hiph. of סבר. For the form of this word see תַּדֽרִיךְ.] תסבך to cause complexes. תִּסְבֹּֽכֶת f.n. NH complexity. [Verbal n. coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from סָבַךְ (= he interwove); see סבך. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּסְבֹּֽלֶת f.n. NH load-carrying capacity. [Verbal n. formed from סָבַל (= he bore a load); see סבל. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּסְבָּר m.n. PBH (pl. תִּסְבָּרִין, also תִּסֽבָּרִיּוֹת) , storehouse. [From Gk. thesauros (= treasure, treasure-house), a compound whose first element prob. derives from the, stem of titheai (= to put, place; see תִּיק); the second element is of uncertain origin.] תַּסְדִּיר m.n. NH 1 setup, layout (printing). 2 arrangement (music). [Verbal n. of סִדֵּר (= he arranged), Pi. of סדר. See my analysis of the form תַּפְעִיל s.v. תַּפְעִיל.] תְּסוּגָה f.n. NH 1 withdrawal, falling back (military). 2 regression (psychology). [Verbal n. of סוג ᴵ (= to move away). For the affixes see pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תָּסוּס adj. NH fermented. [Pass. part. of תָּסַס. See תסס.] תִּסּוּף m.n. NH revaluation. [From יסף.] תַּסַ״ח NH arms drill (military). [Formed from the initials of the words תַּרְגִּילֵי סֵדֶר חֲמוּשִׁים, lit.: ‘order exercises of the armed (soldiers)’.] תַּסְחִיף m.n. NH embolism (medicine). [Formed from סחף (= to prostrate, sweep away), with pref. תַּ◌.] תָּסִיל m.n. PBH a kind of small dove. [Prob. borrowed from Aram. תְּסִילָא (Targum rendering of גּוֹזָל, Deut. 32:11), which is of unknown origin.] תָּסִיס adj. NH 1 fermentable, fermenting. 2 champagne (colloq.). [Coined from תָּסַס (= it fermented), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] תְּסִיסָה f.n. PBH fermentation, effervescence. [Verbal n. of תָּסַס. See תסס and first suff. ◌ָה.] תִּסְכּוּל m.n. NH frustration. [Verbal n. of תִּסְכֵּל. See תסכל.] תִּסְכּוּת m.n. NH making a radio play. [Verbal n. of תִּסְכֵּת. See תסכת.] תַּסְכִּית m.n. NH radio play. [Verbal n. of הִסֽכִּית (= he listened), Hiph. of סכת. For the form of this word see תַּדֽרִיךְ.] Derivatives: תסכת, תַּסְכִּיתָן. תַּסְכִּיתָן m.n. NH author of radio plays. [Formed from תַּסְכִּית with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תסכל to frustrate. תסכת to make a radio play. תַּסְמִין m.n. NH symptom. [From סִימָן.] תִּסְמֹֽנֶת m.n. NH syndrome (medicine). [Formed from סִמֵּן (= he marked), Pi. of סמן. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגָת.] תַּסְנִין m.n. NH filtration, filter. [Verbal n. of סִנֵּן (= he filtered), Pi. of סנן. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תסס to ferment. תַּסָּס m.n. NH ferment, enzyme. [From תסס.] תֶּֽסֶס m.n. NH fizz. [From תסס.] תספק to resupply. תִּסְפְֹּקֶת f.n. NH resupply. [Formed from ספק ᴵᴵ with pref. תִ◌ and suff. ◌ָת.] Derivative: תספק. תִּסְפְֹּרֶת f.n. PBH haircut. [Related to or, more probably, borrowed from JAram. תִּסֽפָּרֽתָּא (= haircut). Verbal n. formed from ספר ᴵᴵ (= to cut, esp. the hair). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת; see also suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּסְקוּפִים m.n. pl. PBH false charges, pretexts, intrigues. [Formed from סקף (= to fall upon; to seek pretexts), with pref. תַּ◌.] תַּסְקְיר m.n. NH review. [Verbal n. of סִקִּר (= he reviewed), Pi. of סקר ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תִּסְקֹֽרֶת f.n. NH review, revue. [Verbal n. of סָקַר (= he reviewed); see נסקר. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּסְרוּט m.n. NH adaptation for the screen, screening. [Verbal n. of תִּסְרֵט. See תסרט.] תסרט to adapt for the screen. תַּסְרִיט m.n. NH scenario. [Verbal n. of הִסֽרִיט (= he filmed), Hiph. of סרט ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר. cp. תַּשְׂרִיט.] Derivatives: תסרט, תַּסֽרִיטַאי. תַּסְרִיטַאי m.n. NH scenario writer, script writer, ‘scripter’. [Formed from תַּסְרִיט with suff. ◌ַאי.] תִּסְרְֹקֶת f.n. NH hairdressing, hairdo. [Verbal n. of סָרַק (= he combed); see סרק. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תעב to abhor, abominate. תַּֽעֵב m.n. MH abomination. [From תעב.] תַּעְבּוּד m.n. NH adaptation, development (music). [Formed from עִבֵּד (= he adapted, elaborated), Pi. of עבד. See also pref. תַּ◌.] תַּעֲבוּרָה f.n. NH traffic. [Verbal n. formed from הֶעֱבִיר (= he caused to pass over), Hiph. of עבר ᴵ, with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּעֲבִירִית f.n. NH jump line (journalism). [Formed from הֶעֱבִיר (= he caused to pass over), Hiph. of עבר ᴵ, with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌ִית.] תעד to documentate. תעה to stray, wander; to reel, stagger. תָּעוּב adj. MH abominated, abhorred. [Pass. part. of תָּעַב. See תעב.] תִּעוּב m.n. PBH abomination, abhorrence. [Verbal n. of תִּעֵב (= he regarded as an abomination, abhorred), Pi. of תעב.] תְּעוּגָה f.n. NH choreography. [Formed from עוג ᴵᴵᴵ (= to draw a circle), to which it stands as תְּבוּאָה (= produce, yield), stands to בוא (= to come).] תִּעוּד m.n. NH documentation. [Verbal n. of תִּעֵד (= he documented). See תעד.] Derivative: תִּעוּדִי. תְּעוּדָה f.n. 1 testimony. 2 attestation. NH 3 certificate. NH 4 document. NH 5 mission, purpose. [Verbal n. of הֵעִיד (= he affirmed solemnly), Hiph. of עוד. For the form of this word see תְּבוּנָה.] Derivative: תְּעוּדָתִי. תִּעוּדִי adj. NH documentary. [Formed from תִּעוּד with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּעוּדָתִי adj. NH 1 pertaining to attestation, attesting, testifying, certifying. 2 having a mission, having a purpose. [Formed from תְּעוּדָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תָּעוֹז m.n. NH defence fortification, stronghold. [Formed from עזז (= to be strong) with pref. תָּ◌.] תִּעוּל m.n. NH canalization, drainage. [Verbal n. of תִּעֵל (= he canalized). See תעל ᴵ.] תְּעוּפָה f.n. NH flight, aviation. [Verbal n. of עוּף (= to fly); see עוף. For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה. cp. תַּעַף.] תְּעוּקָה f.n. NH pressure. [Verbal n. of עוּק (= to press); see עוק. For the form of this word see תּֽאוּצָה.] תְּעוּרָה f.n. MH 1 awakening, revival. NH 2 wakefulness, vigilance. [Verbal n. of נֵעוֹר (= was awake), Niph. of עור (q.v.). For the form of this word see תְּאוּרָה.] תִּעוּשׂ m.n. NH industrialization. [Verbal n. of תִּעֵשׂ. See תעשׂ.] תָּעוּת f.n. PBH 1 going astray, wandering about. MH 2 error, mistake. [Formed from תָּעָה (= he wandered about, went astray; see תעה), with suff. ◌וּת. cp. טָעוּת.] תְּעֻזָּה f.n. NH daring, audacity, boldness. [Formed from עֹז with pref. תּֽ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּעִיבָה f.n. MH abomination, abhorrence. [Verbal n. of תָּעֵב. See תעב and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּעִיָּה f.n. NH 1 going astray, wandering about. MH 2 (fig.) error, mistake. [Verbal n. of תָּעָה. See תעה and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּֽעַל m.n. MH cure, healing (poetical). [Abbreviated form of תְּעָלָה ᴵᴵ.] תעל ᴵ to canalize. תעל ᴵᴵ to cure, heal. תַּעֲלָא m.n. PBH fox. [Aram., related to Heb. שׁוּעָל (of s.m.).] תְּעָלָה ᴵ f.n. 1 watercourse, channel. 2 conduit. 3 trench. [Related to Arab. tal‘a, tar‘a (= canal; artificial waterway). As proved by the Arab. correspondences, the ת in תְּעָלָה is radical.] Derivative: תעל ᴵ. תְּעָלָה ᴵᴵ f.n. healing over, new flesh and skin forming over the wound, cure. [From עלה (= to go up). For this etymology cp. the phrase הֶעֱלָה אֲרוּכָה, ‘he cured someone’, lit.: ‘he brought up healing for someone’.] See. תעל ᴵᴵ תַּעֲלוּל ᴵ m.n. deed, esp. mischievous deed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 66:4). [Formed from עלל ᴵ (= to act, do, work), with pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תַּעֲלוּלָן. תַּעֲלוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. babe (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 3:4). [Related to עוֹלֵל (= child, infant), hence a derivative of עול ᴵᴵ (= to give up).] תַּעֲלוּלָן m.n. NH prankster, joker, practical joker. [Formed from תַּעֲלוּל ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.] תַּעֲלוּמָה f.n. hidden thing, secret, mystery. [Formed from עלם ᴵ (= to hide), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּעָלִית f.n. NH 1 a small canal. 2 canaliculus — a minute canal (anatomy). [Formed from תְּעַלָה ᴵ.] תַּעֲמוּלָה f.n. NH propaganda. [Formed from Arab. ‘amīl (= business representative, agent), which is formed from ‘amala (= he did, acted, was active), a verb related to Heb. עָמַל (= he labored, toiled), hence תַּעֲמוּלָה is ultimately related to עמל (q.v.). See also pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תַּעֲמוּלָתִי, תַּעֲמְלָן. תַּעֲמוּלָתִי adj. NH propagandist (adj.), propagandistic. [Formed from תַּעֲמוּלָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּעַמְלָן f.n. NH propagandist. [Formed from תַּעֲמוּלָה with adj. suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּעַמְלָנוּת. תַּעַמְלָנוּת f.n. NH propagandism. [Formed from תַּעַמֽלָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּעֲנוּג m.n. (pl. תַּעֲנוּגִים, also תַּעֲנוּגוֹת) 1 luxury. 2 daintiness. 3 delight. [Verbal n. of the ‘taqtūl’ form, derived from ענג (= to take delight, please). Other verbal nouns of the same form appearing already in the Bible are: תַּחֲלוּאִים, beside מַחֲלוּיִים, (= disease, sickness, illness); תַּלְאוּבוֹת (= great drought); תַּמֽרוּרִים (= bitterness, bitter cry); תַּעֲצוּמוֹת (= strength, force); תַּעֲרוּבָה, beside עֲרֻבָּה, (= pledge). All these verbal nouns derive from the Qal. However, תַּעֲרֹבֶת (= mixture), and תַּפְנוּק (= pampering, luxury), are traceable to the Pi‘ēl. cp. also MH תַּלְמוּד (= teaching, learning; Talmud), which is also verbal n. of the Qal.] תַּעֲנִית f.n. 1 self-affliction, fasting (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ez. 9:5). 2 ‘Ta‘anith’ — name of a Mishnah and Talmud tractate in the order מוֹעֵד. [Verbal nof עִנָּה (= he afflicted), in the phrase עִנָּה אֶת נַפֽשׁוֹ (= he afflicted himself in fasting, fasted). See ענה ᴵV.] תַּעֲסוּקָה f.n. NH employment. [Formed from עסק (= he dealt with), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תעע to deceive, to mock. תַּֽעַף m.n. MH flight (poetical). [Formed from עוף (= to fly); properly a secondary form of תּֽעוּפָה.] תַּעֲצוּם m.n. MH strength, force. [A secondary form of תַּעֲצוּמָה.] תַּעֲצוּמָה f.n. strength, force, might (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 68:36 in the pl.). [From עצם ᴵ (= to be strong). cp. תַּעֲצֹמֶת ᴵ.] תַּעֲצֹֽמֶת ᴵ f.n. NH strength, force, might. [A collateral form of תַּעֲצוּמָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּעֲצֹֽמֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. NH bone formation; skeleton. [Formed from עֶצֶם (= bone). For the affixes see pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּעֲקִיף m.n. NH paraphrase. [Verbal n. of הֶעֱקִיף (= he encircled), Hiph. of עקף. For the form of this word see תַּדֽרִיךְ.] תַּֽעַר ᴵ m.n. razor. [Derived from ערה ᴵ (= to lay bare, uncover). cp. תַּעַר ᴵᴵ.] תַּֽעַר ᴵᴵ m.n. sheath of a sword, scabbard. [Prob. from ערה ᴵ (= to lay bare, uncover), whence also Ugar. t‘rt (= sheath of a sword); hence of the same etymology as תַּעַר ᴵ.] תַּעֲרֹֽבֶת f.n. PBH 1 mixing, blend, mixture. 2 half-breed, half-caste. NH 3 alloy (chemistry). NH 4 confusion. [Verbal n. of עֵרַב (= he mixed), Pi. of ערב ᴵᴵᴵ. For the affixes see pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּעֲרוּבָה f.n. pledge (occurring only in the phrase בְּנֵי־תַעֲרֻבוֹת, ‘hostages’. [From ערב ᴵᴵ (= to change, barter, take on pledge). For the form see תַּגֽמוּל. cp. עֲרֻבָּה (= pledge), a collateral form of תַּעֲרוּבָה.] תַּעֲרוּכָה f.n. NH exhibition. [Coined from עָרַךְ (= he arranged; see ערך), pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּעֲרִיף m.n. NH tariff. [Arab. ta‘rīf (= a making known, information), verbal n. of ‘arrafa (= he made known, he taught), from ‘arafa (= he knew). cp. It. tariffa, Sp. tarifa, Eng. tariff.] Derivative: תַּעֲרִיפוֹן. תַּעֲרִיפוֹן m.n. NH tariff list. [Formed from תַּעֲרִיף with suff. ◌וֹן.] תעשׂ to industrialize. תַּֽעַשׂ m.n. NH military industry. [Back formation from תַּעֲשִׂיָּה.] תַּעֲשִׂיָּה f.n. NH 1 industry. 2 manufacture, production. [Formed from עָשָׂה (= he made; see עשׂה), with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌ִיָּה.] Derivatives: תעשׂ, תַּעַשׂ, תַּעֲשִׂיָּן, תַּעֲשִׂיָּתִי. תַּעֲשִׂיָּן m.n. NH 1 industrialist. 2 manufacturer. [Formed from תַּעֲשׂיָּן with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּעֲשִׂיָּנוּת. תַּעֲשִׂיָּנוּת f.n. NH industrialism. [Formed from תַּעֲשִׂיָּן with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּעֲשִׂיָּתִי adj. NH industrial. [Formed from תַּעֲשִׂיָּה with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּעְתּֽוּעַ m.n. mockery (in the Bible a pl. tantum occurring only Jer. 10:15 and 51:18 in the phrase מַעֲשֵׂה תַּעְתּוּעִים, ‘a work of delusion’). [Verbal n. of תִּעְתַּע, Pilp. of תעע.] תִּעְתּוּק m.n. NH (the act of) transliteration. [Verbal n. of תִּעֽתֵּק. See תעתק.] תַּעְתִּיק m.n. NH transliteration. [Verbal n. of הֶעֽתִּיק (= he transliterated), Hiph. of עתק ᴵ.] Derivative: תעתק. תעתע to deceive, to mock. [Pilp. of תעע (q.v.).] תעתק to transliterate. תֹּף m.n. drum. [Together with JAram. תֻּפָּא, Arab. duff (= drum), of imitative origin. cp. ‘toph’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: תֻּפִּי, תֻּפִּית, תפף. תִּפְאוּר m.n. NH the act of adorning, decoration. [Verbal n. of תִּפְאֵר. See תפאר.] תַּפְאוּרָה f.n. scenic decoration. [From פאר ᴵ (= to adorn). For the affixes see pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תפאר, תַּפֽאוּרָן, תַּפֽאוּרָתִי. תַּפְאוּרָן m.n. NH decorator. [Formed from תַּפֽאוּרָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּפְאוּרָתִי adj. NH decorative. [Formed from תַּפְאוּרָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תפאר to decorate. תִּפְאָרָה, תִּפְאֶֽרֶת f.n. 1 beauty, finery, splendor. 2 glory. NH 3 (in the Kabbalah) one of the ten ‘sephiroth’. [From פאר ᴵ (= to adorn). Verbal n. of the form ‘taqtalat’, belonging to the Qal. See pref. תַּ◌.] תְּפוּגָה f.n. MH expiry. [Formed from פוּג (= to disappear, vanish); see פוג. For the form of this word see תּֽאוּרָה.] תַּפּוּד m.n. NH potato. [Abbreviation of תַּפּוּחַ־אֲדָמָה (= potato); q.v.] תַּפּוּז m.n. NH orange. [Coined by Yitshak Avi-Neri from the abbreviation of תַּפּוּחַ־זָהָב (= orange), q.v.] Derivative: תָּפֹז. תֵּפּֽוּחַ m.n. 1 apple tree. 2 apple. PBH 3 pile, heap. PBH 4 ash pile on the altar. [According to most lexicographers a derivative of base נפח (= to blow; to scent), and properly meaning ‘the scenting fruit’. However, it is more probable that תַּפּוּחַ derives from תפח (= to swell; to become or be round). The word occurs also in Arab., but not in Aram. However, Arab. tuffāḥ presupposes an Aram. form תּוּפָחָא.] Derivatives: תַּפּוּחָה, תַּפּוּחוֹן, תַּפּוּחִי. תָּפֽוּחַ adj. PBH swollen, swelled. [Pass. part. of תָּפַח. See תפח and cp. תָּפֵחַ.] Derivative: תּֽפִיחוּת. תִּפְּוּחַ m.n. NH 1 swelling. 2 dilatancy. [Verbal n. of תִּפַּח, Pi. of תפח (= to swell).] תַּפּוּחַ־אֲדָמָה m.n. NH potato. [A loan translation of Fren. pomme de terre, Ger. Erdapfel, etc. Formed from תַּפּוּחַ (= apple) and אֲדָמָה (= earth).] תַּפּוּחַ־זָהָב m.n. NH orange. [Formed from תַּפּוּחַ (= apple) and זָהָב (= gold); so called in allusion to its color.] תַּפּוּחָה f.n. NH apple tree. [Formed from תַּפּוּחַ (= apple), with first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּפּוּחוֹן m.n. NH a small apple. [Formed from תַּפּוּחַ (= apple), with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּפוּנָה f.n. NH doubt. [Verbal n. of פון (= to doubt). For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] תָּפוּס adj. PBH 1 held, seized. PBH 2 engaged, occupied. PBH 3 busy. NH 4 immersed, engrossed. NH 5 imprisoned, confined. [Pass. part. of תָּפַס. See תפס.] Derivative: תְּפוּסָה. תְּפוּס m.n. PBH handle (of a vessel); stirrup. [From תפס.] תְּפוּסָה f.n. PBH 1 possession, anything belonging to a house, an estate (before being divided among the heirs). NH 2 volume. NH 3 tonnage. [Subst. use of the f. of תָּפוּס.] תִּפּוּף m.n. NH drumming. [From תפף (= to beat the drum).] תְּפוּצָה f.n. MH 1 dispersion. NH 2 scattering, diaspora. NH 3 distribution. NH 4 circulation of a newspaper. [Verbal n. of פוץ (= to be dispersed); see פוץ ᴵ. For the form of this word see תּֽאוּרָה.] תְּפוּקָה f.n. NH production, yield, output. [Verbal n. of הֵפִיק (= he produced), Hiph. of פוק (q.v.). For the form of this word see תּֽאוּצָה.] תָּפוּר adj. PBH sewed. [Pass. part. of תָּפַר. See תפר.] תִּפּוּר m.n. NH 1 sewing. 2 stitching. [Verbal n. of תִּפֵּר (= he sewed; he stitched), Pi. of תפר.] תָּפוּשׂ adj. 1 held, occupied, overlaid with. NH 2 absorbed, engrossed (in thought). [Pass. part. of תָּפַשׂ. See תפשׂ.] תָּפֹז adj. NH orange(-colored). [Coined by H.N. Bialik (1873–1934) from תַּפּוּז (= orange).] תִּפְזֹֽרֶת f.n. NH loose cargo, bulk cargo. [Verbal n. of פָּזַר (= he scattered, dispersed); see פזר. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת. Since תִּפְזֹרֶת is a verbal n. which has an abstract sense and can by no means denote concrete nouns, the rendering ‘loose cargo, bulk cargo’, cannot be correct. See תִּבֽרֹגֶת.] תפח be blown up, swell. תֶּֽפַח m.n. PBH swelling. [From תפח.] תָּפֵֽחַ adj. NH swollen. [From תפח; a secondary form of תָּפוּחַ.] תַּפְטִיר m.n. NH mycelium (the thallus of a fungus). [From פִּטֽרִיָּה.] תֻּפִּי adj. NH drumlike, tympanic. [Formed from תֹּף (= drum, timbrel), with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּפִיחָה f.n. MH swelling. [Verbal n. of תָּפַח. See תפח and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. JAram. תְּפִיחָא (= swelling).] תְּפִיחוּת f.n. NH being swollen, swelling. [Formed from תָּפוּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּפִּיחִית f.n. NH soufflé (lit.: ‘blown up, puffed up, puffy’). [Formed from תפח (= to be blown up), with suff. ◌ִית.] תָּפִיס adj. NH seizable, catchable, comprehensible, perceptible. [Coined from תָּפַס (= he seized, cut, comprehended), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: תְּפִיסוּת. תְּפִיסָה f.n. PBH 1 seizing, taking hold of. PBH 2 volume, cubical content, extent. MH 3 imprisonment, confinement. NH 4 apprehension, perception. NH 5 viewpoint. MH 6 jail, prison. [Verbal n. of תָּפַס. See תפס and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. תּֽפִישָׂה.] Derivative: תְּפִיסָתִי. תְּפִיסוּת f.n. NH comprehensibility, perceptibility. [Formed from תָּפִיס with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּפִיסָתִי adj. NH perceptual. [Formed from תּֽפִיסָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּפִיפָה f.n. NH 1 drumming. 2 tapping. [Verbal n. of תָּפַף (= he drummed). See תפף and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּפִירָה f.n. PBH 1 sewing. 2 stitching. [Verbal n. of תָּפַר. See תפר and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּפִישָׂה f.n. MH 1 seizing, taking hold of. 2 imprisonment. [Verbal n. of תָּפַשׂ. See תפשׂ and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. תּֽפִיסָה.] תֻּפִּית f.n. NH diaphragm. [Formed from תֹּף (= drum), with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.] תַּפִּית f.n. PBH rug, carpet. [An incorrect spelling of טַפִּיט (q.v.).] תפל ᴵ to twist, twine; to be subtle. [Metathesized from פתל (= to twist, twine). This base occurs only Sam. II 22:27 in the phrase וְעִם־עִקֵּשׁ תִּתַּפָּל, which corresponds to the phrase וְעִם־עִקֵּשׁ תִּתֽפַּתָּל (Ps. 18:27), both meaning ‘and with the crooked Thou doest show Thyself subtle’.] תפל ᴵᴵ to smear, paste, plaster. תפל ᴵᴵᴵ to be tasteless, be
unseasoned. תָּפֵל ᴵ m.n. whitewash. [From תפל ᴵᴵ.] תָּפֵל ᴵᴵ adj. 1 unsalted, tasteless, unsavory. 2 vain, unseemly, foolish. [From תפל ᴵᴵᴵ. cp. טָפֵל ᴵᴵ, which is a secondary form of תָּפֵל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: תִּפֽלוּת, תּֽפֵלוּת. תִּפְלֹֽגֶת f.n. NH timing (mechanics). [Verbal n. of פִּלֵּג (= he divided), Pi. of פלג (q.v.). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּפְלָה f.n. unsavoriness, unseemliness, impropriety, folly. [From תפל ᴵᴵᴵ.] תְּפִלָּה f.n. 1 prayer. 2 the prayer par excellence, also called עֲמַידָה (q.v.). PBH 3 either of the two phylacteries (see תְּפִלִּין). [Verbal n. of הִתְפַּלֵּל (= he prayed), Hith. of פלל ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תְּפִלִּין. תִּפְלוּת f.n. PBH vanity, unseemliness, folly. [Formed from תָּפֵל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. תּֽפֵלוּת.] תְּפֵלּוּת f.n. NH 1 tastelessness. 2 vanity. [Formed from תָּפֵל ᴵᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. תִּפְלוּת.] תַּפְלִיט m.n. NH exudate, exudation. [Verbal n. of פָּלַט (= he discharged); see פלט. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תְּפִלִּין f.n. pl. (the sing. is תְּפִלָּה) either of the two phylacteries, one tied on the left arm (called תְּפִלָּה שֶׁל יׇד), and one worn on the head (called תְּפִלָּה שֶׁל רֹאשׁ), containing the four passages (פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת). [pl. of תְּפִלָּה (= prayer; phylactery); so called because they are worn during the morning prayers on weekdays.] תִּפְלֶֽצֶת f.n. shuddering, horror, terror (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 49:16). [From פָּלַץ (= he shuddered). See פלץ.] תַּפְנוּק m.n. PBH pampering, delicacy, luxury. [Verbal n. of פִּנֵּק (= he pampered, spoiled), Pi. of פנק (q.v.). See also JAram.–Syr. תַּפְנִיקָא (= good cheer, luxury), from פַּנֵּק (= he treated with affection, indulged).] תַּפְנִית f.n. NH turn. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from פָּנָה (= he turned). See פנה and first suff. ◌ִית.] תפס to seize, take hold of. תֶּֽפֶס m.n. NH catch. [From תפס.] תִּפְעוּל m.n. NH operation, handling. [Verbal n. of תִּפְעֵל. See תפעל.] Derivative: תִּפְעוּלי. תִּפְעוּלִי adj. NH operative; operational. [Formed from תִּפְעוּל with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּפְעִיל m.n. NH ‘taph‘īl’, the most frequent form of the verbal n. of the Pi‘ēl, sometimes of the Hiph‘īl and rarely of the Qal. [Properly the verbal n. of the verb פִּעֵל, the intensive conjugation of the verb פעל (= to do, make, act), as it appears in the word תַּפְעִיל (= effect). The fact is that Heb. תַּפְעִיל is the exact equivalent of Arab. taf‘īl, the verbal n. form of fa“ala, the intensive conjugation of the verb fa‘ala. Accordingly the form תַּפְעִיל should preferably be used as the verbal n. of verbs in the Pi‘el.] תפעל to operate, put into operation. תפף to drum, beat the drum. תַּפָּף m.n. NH drummer. [Nomen opificis formed from תֹּף (= drum), according to the pattern פַּעָל.] תֶּֽפֶף m.n. NH drumbeat. [Formed from תפף.] תַּפְצִיד m.n. NH draining, irrigation. [From Arab. faṣada (= he opened a vein, bled).] תפקד to function. תִּפְקוּד m.n. NH functioning. [Verbal n. of תִּפְקֵד. See תפקד.] Derivative: תִּפֽקוּדי. תִּפְקוּדִי adj. NH functional. [Formed from תִּפְקוּד with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּפְקִיד m.n. PBH 1 order, command, charge, trust. NH 2 task, mission, appointment, assignment. NH 3 role, part. [Verbal n. of הִפֽקיד, ‘he committed, entrusted; he appointed’, Hiph. of פקד. This is the only verbal noun of the form ‘taqtīl’ from Talmudic times formed from the Hiph. See תַּדְרִיךְ.] Derivative: תפקד. תפר to sew; to stitch. תֶּֽפֶר m.n. PBH 1 seam, stitch. MH 2 suture (botany). [From תפר.] תַּפָּר m.n. PBH 1 tailor. NH 2 stitcher of shoes. [Nomen opificis formed from תִּפֵּר (= he sewed together; he stitched together), Pi. of תפר, according to the pattern פַּעָל.] Derivative: תַּפָּרוּת. תַּפָּרוּת f.n. NH 1 sewing. 2 stitching. [Formed from תַּפָּר with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּפְרַֽחַת f.n. NH cluster of flowers. [Formed from פָּרַח (= it sprouted, blossomed; see פרח ᴵ), with pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ַת.] תַּפְרִיט m.n. NH menu. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַט m.n. he specified, detailed). Pi. of פרט ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תַּפְרִיטוֹן. תַּפְרִיטוֹן m.n. NH menu card. [Formed from תַּפְרִיט with suff. ◌וֹן.] תִּפְרֹֽסֶת f.n. NH distribution. [Formed from פַָּרַס (= he spread; see פרס ᴵ). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּפְרֹֽשֶׂת f.n. NH sails. [Verbal n. of פָּרַשׂ (= he spread; see פרשׂ). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תפשׂ to seize, take hold of. תֵּֽפֶשׂ m.n. NH grasp, grip, hold. [From תפשׂ.] תַּפְשׁוּעָה f.n. NH criminality. [Formed from פָּשַׁע (= he rebelled, revolted; see פשׁע), with pref. תַ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה. For the form cp. תַּפְאוּרָה.] תֹּֽפֶת m.n. 1 a place in the valley of Ben Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, where children were burnt to ‘Moloch’. MH 2 hell. [Prob. formed from orig. תְּפָת (the vowels of which were assimilated to those of unrelated תֹּפֶת, ‘spitting’, and of בֹּשֶת, ‘shame’), which is related to Aram. תְּפָיָא, Syr. תְּפַיָּא (= oven; kettle; tripod), Arab. uthfiyya (= one of three stones supporting a kettle). cp. the related bases שׁפה ᴵⱽ and שׁפת (= to put over the fire). cp. also תָּפְתֶּה and תָּפְתִּי.] Derivative: תָּפְתִּי. תָּפְתֶּה m.n. identical in meaning with תֹּפֶת (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 30:83). תָּפְתִּי adj. NH hellish, infernal. [Formed from תֹּפֶת with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּפְתּֽיחַ m.n. NH open ground. [From JAram. תַּפְתִּיחָא, a derivative of פְּתַח (= he opened), which is related to Heb. פָּתַח (of s.m.). See פתח ᴵ.] תִּפְתֹּֽלֶת f.n. NH confusion, complexity. [Formed from פָּתַל (= he twisted, twined; see פתל). For the form of this word see תִּבֽרֹגֶת.] תַּצְבִּיר m.n. NH concretion. [From צבר (= to heap up, pile up). For the form see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תִּצְבְֹּרֶת f.n. NH conglomeration. [Verbal n. of צָבַר (= he heaped up, piled up; see צבר). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּצְהִיר m.n. NH declaration under oath, affidavit. [Verbal n. of תַּצֽהִיר (= he declared), Hiph. of צהר. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תְּצוּגָה f.n. NH 1 show, display. 2 exhibition. [Verbal n. of הִצִּיג (= he presented, introduced), Hiph. of יצג (whence the secondary form צוג). For the form of the word תְּצוּגָה see תְּאוּצָה.] Derivative: תְּצוּגָתִי. תְּצוּגָתִי adj. exhibitory. [Formed from תְּצוּגָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּצוּרָה f.n. NH formation (also a grammatical term). [Verbal n. of צוּר (= to fashion, shape, form; see צור ᴵᴵᴵ). For the form of this word see תּֽאוּצָה.] Derivative: תּֽצוּרָתִי. תְּצוּרָתִי adj. NH formative. [Formed from תְּצוּרָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תִּצְלֹֽבֶת f.n. NH 1 crossing (of lines). 2 hybrid. [Orig. verbal n. of צָלַב (= he crossed); see צלב. For the affixes see pref. תִּם and suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּצְלוּם m.n. NH photograph. [Formed from צִלֵּם (= he photographed), Pi. of צלם (q.v.). See also תַּעֲנוּג.] תַּצְלִיל m.n. NH chord (music). [From צְליל ᴵ (= sound).] תַּצְמִיד m.n. NH complex, agglutination. [Verbal n. of צִמֵּד (= he bound, attached, fastened, coupled), Pi. of צמד. For the form of the word see my analysis s.v. תַּפְעִיל.] תַּצְפִּית f.n. NH 1 observation. 2 lookout. 3 forecast. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922). תֵּצְפִּית is the verbal n. of צָפָה (= he looked, observed). For the form of this word see תַּגְלית.] Derivative: תַּצְפִּיתָן. תַּצְפִּיתָן m.n. NH lookout. [Formed from תַּצְפִּית with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּצְרוּם m.n. NH cacophony. [Formed from צרם (= to split or injure the ear), with pref. תַּ◌.] תִּצְרֹֽכֶת f.n. NH consumption. [Verbal n. of צָרַךְ (= he needed, required); see צרך. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּצְרֹפֶת f.n. NH combination, synthesis. [Verbal n. of צֵרַף (= he joined, attached, combined), Pi. of צרף ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּקְבּוּל m.n. NH receipt (in the sense of ‘that which is received’). [Verbal n. of קִבֵּל (= he received), Pi. of קבל ᴵ. See also pref. תַּ◌.] תקבל to parallel. תִּקְבֹּלֶת f.n. MH 1 receiving, accepting. NH 2 parallelism. [Verbal n. of קִבֵּל (= he received), Pi. of קבל ᴵ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] Derivative: תקבל. תַּקְדִּים m.n. NH precedent. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from קָדַם (= he preceded), with pref. תַּ◌. However, it is better to regard תַּקְדִּים as the verbal n. of הִקְדִּים (= he preceded), Hiph. of קדם. For the form see my analysis s.v. תַּפְעִיל.] תִּקְוָה ᴵ f.n. cord. [From קוה ᴵ (= to twist, stretch). cp. תִּקְוָה ᴵᴵ.] תִּקְוָה ᴵᴵ f.n. 1 hope, expectation. PBH 2 (fig.) time fixed, term. [Verbal n. of קִוָּה (= he waited for, expected, hoped for), Pi. of קוה ᴵ (= to twist, stretch), whence ‘to be stretched, be strained’, whence ‘to await tensely’ (hence derivatively identical with תִּקְוָה ᴵ). For the form see pref. תַּ◌.] תָּקוּל adj. NH out of order. [From תקל, whence also תַּקָּלָה (= stumbling block; fault, failure).] תְּקוּמָה f.n. 1 standing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 26:37). NH 2 revival, resurrection. [Verbal n. of קוּם (= to stand up, rise; see קום). For the form of this word see תְּבוּאָה.] תְּקוֹמֵם m.n. adversary, enemy (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 139:21 in the form בִּתְקוֹמֽמֶיךָ, ‘with those that rise up against Thee’). [Back formation from הִתֽקוֹמֵם (= he rose, rose up), Hith. of קום. In spite of the emendations of many Bible critics the form תְּקוֹמֵם is correct.] תִּקּוּן m.n. 1 correction, improvement; emendation. 2 regulation. MH 3 name of special prayers. [Verbal n. of תִּקֵּן (= he arranged in order), Pi. of תקן.] תָּקְוֹעֵ m.n. (pl. תָּקוֹעוֹת) horn (?). [A hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 7:14 in the phrase תָּקְעוּ בַתָּקוֹעַ, which is usually rendered by ‘they have blown the horn’, so that תָּקוֹעַ would mean ‘horn’. Others see in תָּקוֹעַ a place name.] תָּקֽוּעַ adj. MH 1 thrust, inserted, stuck in. 2 (fig.) living permanently with or among. [Pass. part. of תָּקַע. See תקע.] תִּקּוּף m.n. NH aggression. [Verbal n. of תִּקֵּף (= he strengthened), Pi. of תקף.] תְּקוֹף m.n. PBH strength, power. [From תָּקַף (= he prevailed). See תקף.] תְּקוּפָה f.n. 1 circuit, revolution. PBH 2 season. NH 3 period, epoch. [Verbal n. formed from הִקִּיף, Hiph. of נקף (= קוף). For the form of this word see תּֽבוּנָה.] Derivatives: תְּקוּפוֹן, תְּקוּפִי, תְּקוּפָתִי. תְּקוּפוֹן m.n. NH periodical. [Formed from תְּקוּפָה with suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּקוּפִי adj. NH periodical. [Formed from תּֽקוּפָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תְּקוּפָתִי.] תְּקוּפָתִי adj. NH periodical. [Formed from תְּקוּפָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תְּקוּפִי.] תְּקוּצָה f.n. NH satiety (psychology). [Verbal n. of קוּץ (= he loathed, abhorred; see קוץ ᴵ). For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] תְּקוּרָה f.n. NH overhead expenses, overheads. [From תִּקְרָה.] תְּקִיל adj. PBH weighed, full weight. [Aram., pass. part. of תּֽקַל (= he weighed), which is related to Heb. שָׁקַל (of s.m.). See שׁקל ᴵ.] תָּקִין adj. NH normal, regular, standard (adj.). [From תָּקַן (= was straight, was right). See תקן.] Derivative: תּֽקִינוּת. תְּקִינָה f.n. NH standardization. [Verbal n. of תָּקַן. See תקן and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּקִינוּת f.n. NH normality, regularity, standard. [Formed from תָּקִין with suff. ◌וּת.] תְּקִיעָה ᴵ f.n. PBH blowing (of the ‘shofar’ or trumpet). [Verbal n. of תָּקַע (= he blew). See תקע and first suff. ◌ָה.] תְּקִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH insertion, sticking in. [Verbal n. of תָּקַע (= he thrusted, inserted, stuck into). See תקע and first suff. ◌ָה. Hence תְּקִיעָה ᴵ and תּֽקִיעָה ᴵᴵ are derivatively one and the same word.] תַּקִּיף adj. strong, mighty, powerful (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 6:10). [From תקף (= to prevail, overpower).] Derivative: תַּקִּיפוּת. תָּקִיף adj. valid. [From תקף (= to prevail, overpower). cp. תָּקֵף.] תְּקִיפָה f.n. PBH 1 strength. NH 2 assault, attack (esp. in sports). NH 3 impulsing (telephone). [Verbal n. of תָּקַף (= he prevailed, overpowered). See תקף and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּקִיפוּת f.n. NH strength, might, power. [Formed from תַּקִּיף with suff. ◌וּת.] תקל to stumble. תְּקָלָה f.n. PBH stumbling block, snare, obstacle, hindrance. [Formed from תקל with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Aram. (Targum) תִּקּוּלָא, תִּקּוּלֽתָּא, Syr. תָּקוּלֽתָּא (= obstacle; snare). See the vocalization תּֽקָלָה (instead of תַּקָּלָה preferred by some lexicographers).] תִּקְלַֽחַת f.n. NH shower-bath. [Verbal n. of הִתְקַלַּח (= he took a shower), Hith. of קלח. For the affixes see pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ִת.] תַּקְלִיט m.n. NH phonograph record. [Orig. verbal n. of הִקְלִיט (= he recorded), Hiph. of קלט. For the form of this word see תַּדֽרִיךְ.] Derivative: תַּקְלִיטִיָּה. תַּקְלִיטִיָּה f.n. NH collection of records. [Formed from תַּקְלִיט with suff. ◌ִיָּה.] תקן to become or be straight, to be right. תֶּֽקֶן m.n. PBH 1 normality. NH 2 norm, standard. NH 3 cadre, service list. [From תקן.] Derivative: תִּקְנִי. תַּקָּנָה f.n. PBH 1 remedy. PBH 2 arrangement, ordinance, ruling, reform. NH 3 rule. [Verbal n. of תִּקֵּן (= he set in order; he instituted, ordained), Pi. of תקן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: תַּקָּנוֹן. תַּקָּנוֹן m.n. NH set of rules, code. [Formed from תֵּקָּנָה with fifth suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivative: תַּקְנוֹנִי. תִּקְנוּן m.n. NH standardization. [Verbal n. of תִּקֽנֵן. See תקנן.] תַּקְנוֹנִי adj. NH according to rule. [Formed from תַּקָּנוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] תִּקְנִי adj. NH normal, standard (adj.). [Formed from תֶּקֶן with suff. ◌ִי.] תקנן to standardize. תקע to thrust, clap, give a blow, blast. תֵּֽקַע m.n. 1 blowing of the horn, blast (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 150:3). NH 2 hooting, siren. NH 3 insertion. [From תקע.] תֶּֽקַע m.n. NH plug (electricity). [From תקע.] תקף to prevail over, overpower. תֹּֽקֶף m.n. 1 might, power. PBH 2 authority. [From תקף, whence also BAram. תָּקֽפָּא, JAram. and Syr. תּֽקוֹף, תֻּקְפָּא (= strength).] תָּקֵף adj. NH valid. [From תקף. cp. תָּיִף.] Derivative: תְּקֵפוּת. תְּקֵפוּת f.n. NH validity. [Formed from תָּקֵף with suff. ◌וּת.] תקצב to budget. תִּקְצוּב m.n. NH budgeting. [Verbal n. of תִּקֽצֵב. See תקצב.] תַּקְצִיב m.n. NH budget. [Verbal n. of הִקֽצִיב (= he allotted, allocated), Hiph. of קצב. For the form of this word see תַּדֽרִיךְ.] Derivative: תַּקֽצִיבִי. תַּקְצִיבִי adj. NH budgetary. [Formed from תַּקֽצִיב with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּקְצִיר m.n. NH summary, brief, abstract, digest. [Verbal n. of קִצֵּר (= he shortened, reduced), Pi. of קצר ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תֵּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תקצר. תקצר to summarize. תֶּֽקֶר m.n. NH puncture (of a tire). [Prob. from נֶקֶר (= piercing), or from the verb נַָקַר (= he pierced); see נקר.] Derivative: תקר. תקר to puncture (a tire). תִּקְרֹֽבֶת f.n. PBH 1 refreshment. 2 gift, offering. [Borrowed from JAram. תִּקְרֻבֽתָּא (= gift), a derivative of קְרֵב (= Heb. קָרַב, ‘he came near’); see קרב. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּקְדָה f.n. PBH 1 beams. MH 2 ceiling. [Formed from קרה ᴵᴵ (= to lay beams), with pref. תִּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: תְּקוּרָה. תַּקְרִישׁ m.n. NH thrombosis (medicine). [Verbal n. of הִקְרִישׁ (= coagulated), Hiph. of קרשׁ. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תַּקְרִית f.n. NH incident. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from קָרָה (= it happened; see קרה ᴵ), and pref. תַּ◌.] תִּקְרֹֽנֶת f.n. NH radiation. [Verbal n. of קָרַן (= it sent out rays); see קרן ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תִּבֽרֹגֶת.] תִּקְשֹֽׁטֶת f.n. NH decoration, embellishment. [Verbal n. of קָשַׁט (= he adorned, decorated, embellished); see קשׁט ᴵ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּקְשִׁיט m.n. PBH 1 decoration, ornament. NH 2 requisite (of a theater). NH 3 vignette. [Verbal n. of קִשֵּׁט (= he adorned, decorated), Pi. of קשׁט ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ. cp. תַּכְשִׁיט.] תַּקְשִׁיר m.n. NH service regulations (in Government and public institutions). [Formed from the first two letters of תַּקְנוֹן־שֵׁרוּת.] תקשׁר to communicate. תִּקְשֹֽׁרֶת f.n. NH communication. [Verbal n. of קָשַׁר (= he bound, tied); see קשׁר. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּקְתּוּק m.n. NH 1 ticking (of a watch). 2 typing. [Verbal n. of תִּקְתֵּק. See תקתק.] תקתק to tick; to type. תָּר m.n. searcher, explorer. [Subst. use of the part. of תוּר (= to search out, explore). See תור and cp. תַּיָּר.] תַּרְבּוּכָה f.n. PBH confusion. [Verbal n. of רבך (= to mix, stir). See also pref. תַּם and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. תִּרְבֹּכֶת.] תַּרְבּוּשׁ m.n. NH ‘tarboosh’. [Arab. tarbūsh (lit.: ‘sweating cap’), a hybrid coined from Turkish ter (= sweat), and Pers . pūshidān (= to cover).] תַּרְבּוּת f.n. 1 increase, brood (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, used contemptuously Num. 32:14). PBH 2 rearing, raising, educating. NH 3 behavior, conduct, way of life. NH 4 culture (in all the senses of this word). NH 5 civilization. NH 6 development, advancement. [Verbal n. of רבה ᴵ (= to become much, many or great). cp. תַּרְבִּית ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: תַּרֽבּוּתִי, תַּרְבּוּתָן, תרבת. תִּרְבּוּת f.n. 1 cultivation. 2 taming, domestication. [Verbal n. of תִּרְבֵּת. See תרבת.] תַּרְבּוּתִי adj. NH cultured, cultural, civilized. [Formed from תַּרְבּוּת with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תַּרְבּוּתִיּוּת. תַּרְבּוּתִיּוּת f.n. NH culture. [Formed from תַּרְבּוּתִי with suff. ◌וּת.] תַּרְבּוּתָן f.n. NH a spreader of culture, culturist. [Formed from תַּרְבּוּת with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּרְבִּיךְ m.n. NH ragout. [From הִרְבִּיךְ (= he mixed, esp. with hot water or with oil), Hiph. רבך (q.v.). See also pref. תַּ◌ and cp. מֻרְבָּךְ.] תַּרְבִּיץ, תַּרְבֵּץ m.n. PBH 1 garden near the house. 2 (fig.) hall, school hall, academy. [From Aram. תַּרְבִּיצָא (= garden near the house, forecourt), which, together with Syr. תַּרְבָּצָא, Mand. מארבאצא (of s.m.) is borrowed from Akka. tarbāṣu (= courtyard), a derivative of rabāṣu (= to lie down, dwell). See רבץ ᴵ and pref. תַּ◌.] תַּרְבִּית ᴵ f.n. interest, usury. [Verbal n. of רָבָה (= it was or became much or great); see רבה ᴵ. The form תַּרְבִּית is a contraction of tarbiy(a)th (= increase, growth), and is related to Syr. תַּרֽבִּיתָא (= increase, growth), from רְבִי (= it grew, increased, multiplied). cp. מַרְבִּית, a collateral form of תַּרְבִּית (pref. תַּ◌ alternates often with pref. מַ◌). See pref. תַּ◌. cp. תַּרְמִית ᴵ and תַּרְמִית ᴵᴵ.] תַּרְבִּית ᴵᴵ f.n. NH 1 increase. 2 culture (of microbes). [Of the same etymology as תַּרְבִּית ᴵ. cp. תַּרֽבּוּת.] תִּרְבֹּֽכֶת f.n. NH 1 confusion. 2 mixture. 3 ragout. [Verbal n. of הִרֽבִּיךְ (= he mixed, stirred; see רבך). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת. Since תִּרְבֹּכֶת is a verbal n., which has an abstract sense and can by no means denote concrete nouns, the rendering ‘ragout’ cannot be correct. See תִּבְרֹגֶת (at the end of the article). cp. תַּרְבּוּכָה.] תַּרְבֵּץ see תַּרְבִּיץ. תרבת to culture, cultivate, civilize. תָּרֹג adj. NH of the color of the ‘ethrog’, citron-color. [Formed from אֶתְרוֹג (= ethrog, citron), on the analogy of יָרֹק (= green), אָדֹם (= red).] תִּרְגּוּל m.n. MH 1 attendance, care. NH 2 training, drill, rehearsal. [Verbal n. of תִּרְגֵּל. See תרגל.] תִּרְגּוּם m.n. NH the work of translation. [Verbal n. of תִּרְגֵּם. See תרגם.] תַּרְגּוּם m.n. PBH 1 translation from one language into another. 2 ‘Targum’ — translation into Aramaic. 3 ‘Targum’ — the Aramaic language. 4 interpretation. [A verbal noun ultimately derived from Akka. ragāmu (= to call, shout). This etymology, first suggested by Lagarde, is supported by the fact that the תֻּרֽגְּמָן (= interpreter) loudly expounded what the lecturer said before him in a low voice. For the form of the word תַּרְגּוּם see pref. תַּ◌. cp. תרגם.] Derivative: תַּרְגּוּמִי. תַּרְגּוּמִי adj. 1 pertaining to any of the Targums. 2 translational. [Formed from תַּרְגּוּם with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּרְגִּיל m.n. NH exercise, practice. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) as verbal n. of הִרְגִּיל (= he accustomed), Hiph. of רגל ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] Derivative: תַּרְגִּילוֹן. תֵּרְגִּילוֹן m.n. NH exercise book. [Formed from תַּרְגִּיל with suff. ◌וֹן.] תַּרְגִּימָא, תַּרְגִּימָה f.n. PBH dessert, sweetmeat. [From Gk. tragema (= dessert, sweetmeat), from tragein (= to gnaw, chew), which is related to trox (= weevil; lit.: ‘gnawer’), traktos (= a gnawer, nibbler), and stands in gradational relationship to tragos (= he-goat; lit.: ‘gnawer’), from IE base * trō–g–, * tr–g– (= to gnaw). cp. the first element in טֽרָגֶדְיָה.] תַּרְגִּישׁ m.n. NH sentiment (psychology). [Verbal n. of הִרְגִּישׁ (= he felt), Hiph. of רגשׁ ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.] תרגל to teach to walk, to train, to drill (a
hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 11:3). תִּרְגֹּֽלֶת f.n. NH drill. [Verbal n. of הִרְגִּיל, Hiph. of רגל ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תרגם to translate, to interpret. תַּרְגָּם m.n. NH translator. [From תרגם.] תֻּרְגְּמָן m.n. PBH 1 translator. 2 an official in the early Jewish synagogue who translated into Aramaic the Biblical portion read at the services. 3 interpreter. [From Aram. תֻּרְגְּמָנָא (whence also Egypt.–Arab. targumān, Gk. dragoymanos, Arab. tarjumān, ultimately from Akka. targumānu (= interpreter); see תרגם. cp. It. dragomano (whence Fren. dragoman, drogman, Eng. dragoman), which also derives from Gk. dragoymanos. cp. מְתֻרְגְּמָן.] תֶּֽרֶד m.n. 1 spinach. PBH 2 beetroot (this is the real meaning of this word). תַּרְדֵּמָה f.n. 1 deep sleep, slumber. 2 lethargy. [Verbal n. formed from רדם (= to fall into heavy sleep). For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌ and cp. תַּרְדֶּמֶת.] תַּרְדֶּֽמֶת f.n. NH coma (disease). [A secondary form of תַּרְדֵּמָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ֵת.] תרה to warn, forewarn. תִּרְהֹֽטֶת f.n. NH set of furniture. [Formed from רהט ᴵ (= to furnish), with pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּרְוָד m.n. PBH (pl. תַּרֽוָדוֹת, also תַּרְוָדִים) ladle. [Prob. borrowed from JAram. (= Syr.) תַּרְוָדָא (= spoon, spoonful), which prob. derives from a foreign language.] תָּרוּט ᴵ adj. PBH another spelling for טָרוּט ᴵ. תָּרוּט ᴵᴵ adj. PBH another spelling for טָרוּט ᴵᴵ. תֵּרוּךְ m.n. PBH (pl. תֵּרוּכִין) being sent away, divorce (in the Talmud occurring only in the pl.). [JAram. תֵּרוּכִין, from תָּרַךְ (= he sent away, divorced), which is related to Arab. taraka (= he left, relinquished, quitted).] תְּרוֹמְבּוֹזָה f.n. FW thrombosis (disease). [Medical L. thrombōsis, from Gk. thrombosis (= clot, coagulation), from Gk. thrombos (= lump, clot), which was formed from a nasalized enlargement of IE base * dhrebh– (= to make firm, curdle), whence Gk. trephein (= to make solid, thicken, congeal, curdle; to nourish). See ‘draff’ in my CEDEL.] תְּרוּמָה f.n. 1 contribution, gift. 2 ‘Terumah’, priestly dues from produce; contribution to be set apart for priests. 3 contribution for the Tabernacle, sacred garments, etc. PBH 4 choice, best part. PBH 5 separation, removal. MH 6 exaltation. [Verbal n. of הֵרִים (= he lifted up), Hiph. of רום. For the form of this word see תְּבוּנָה.] Derivatives: תְּרוּמִי, תְּרוּמִיָּה, תרם.] תְּרוּמִי adj. lofty, noble, choice, elect. [Formed from תְּרוּמָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תְּרוּמִיָּה f.n. contribution (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 48:12). [From תְּרוּמָה.] תְּרוֹנוֹס m.n. PBH (pl. תְּרוֹנוֹסִים) throne. [Gk. thronos (= seat, chair; throne), from IE base * dher(e)– (= to hold, support), whence also L. firmus (= firm, steadfast, stable, strong). See פִירִמָה.] תְּרוּעָה f.n. 1 shout, cry, alarm. 2 a succession of tremulous notes of the ‘shofar’ or trumpet. [Verbal n. of הֵרִיעַ (= he shouted, gave a blast), Hiph. of רוע. For the form of this word see תְּבוּנָה.] Derivatives: תרע, תּוֹרְעָנִי. תְּרוּפָה f.n. healing, cure, medicine (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 47:12). [Verbal n. of רוף, a secondary form of רפא ᴵ (= to heal, cure). For the form of this word see תּֽבוּאָה. cp. תֶּרֶף.] Derivative: תּֽרוּפָתִי. תְּרוּפָתִי adj. NH 1 healing, curing. 2 medicinal. [Formed from תּֽרוּפָה with suff. ◌ִי.] תֵּרוּץ m.n. MH 1 answer to a difficult question. NH 2 excuse, pretense, pretext. [From Aram. תֵּרוּצָא, from תּֽרַץ (= he made straight, made right, directed). Whence Aram. תְּרִיץ, תּֽרִיצָא. Syr. תְּרִיצָא (= straight, upright, erect), Aram. תֵּרוּצָא, Aram.–Syr. תְּרִיצוּתָא (= straightness, uprightness, direction). See תרץ and cp. תּֽרִיצוּת.] תרז ᴵ to defecate; to have diarrhea. תרז ᴵᴵ to squirt, splash. תֶּֽרֶז m.n. MH excrement. [From תרז ᴵ.] תִּרְזָה f.n. name of a tree (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 44:14). [The identity of the tree is unknown. Based on the Vulgate many see in it the ilex or holm oak. Others identify it with the betula or birch. Still others see in it the tilia or linden tree. Of unknown etymology.] תֶּֽרַח m. proper name ‘Terah’, Abraham’s father (used in the sense of ‘a silly old fool’, on the basis of the legend in which Terah is described as a silly idolater). תַּרְחִיף m.n. NH suspension. [Verbal n. of רִחֵף (= it hovered, flew, fluttered), Hiph. of רחף. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תַּרְחִיץ m.n. NH lotion. [Verbal n. of רִחֵץ (= he washed and cleaned), Pi. of רחץ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תַּרְטִיאָה f.n. PBH a secondary form of תֵּיאַטְרוֹן. תַּרְטִיט m.n. NH vibration. [Verbal n. of רִטֵּט (= he trembled, quivered; it vibrated), Pi. of רטט. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תַּרְטֵימָר m.n. PBH tritemorion. [Less correct spelling of טַרְטֵימָר (q.v.).] תְּרֵי adj. PBH two. [Aram., shortened from תְּרֵין, a word dissimilated from תְּנֵין and related to Heb. שְׁנַיִם. cp. the first element in תַּרֽקַב.] תְּרֵי־עֲשַׂר adj. PBH the Twelve — name of twelve prophetical books (Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zecharia and Malachi). [Aram., properly meaning ‘twelve’.] תַּרְיַ״ג PBH 613 (the sum of the numerical value of the letters ג, י, ר, ת), the number of the commandments contained in the Torah: תַּרְיַ״ג מִצְווֹת. תְּרִיס ᴵ m.n. PBH shutter, blind. [From Gk. thyris (= window), which is related to thyra (= door), and cogn. with Old I. dvā́raḥ, duráḥ, dúraḥ (= door), duróṇa– (= dwelling, home), Avestic dvarm (= gate, court), etc. cp. ‘door’ in my CEDEL. cp. also תּֽרִיס ᴵᴵ.] תְּרִיס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH shield. [From Gk. thyreos (= stone put against the door), which derives from thyra (= door); see תְּרִיס ᴵ.] Derivatives: תרס, תּוֹרֵס, תּֽרִיסָנִית, מִתְרָס. תְּרִיסָנִית f.n. shark ray. [Formed from תְּרִיס ᴵᴵ and so called in allusion to its shieldlike shape.] תְּרֵיסָר adj. PBH twelve, dozen. [Aram., contraction of תְּרֵי (= two), and עֲסַר (= ten). See שְׁנַיִם and עֶשֶׂר and cp. תּֽלֵיסַר.] Derivatives: תְּרֵיסָרוֹן, תְּרֵיסַרְיָן. תְּרֵיסָרוֹן m.n. NH 1 dodecagon (geometry). 2 dodahedron (geometry). [Formed from תְּרֵיסָר with suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּרֵיסַרְיָן m.n. NH duodenum (anatomy). [Formed from תְּרֵיסָר with suff. ◌ִן; properly loan translation of Gk. dodechadachtulon (= duodenum), lit.: ‘twelve fingers long’; so called by the Greek physician Herophilus (c. 353–280 B.C.E.) for its alleged length of 12 fingers breadth. See ‘duodenum’ in my CEDEL.] תְּרִיצוּת f.n. MH straightness, uprightness. [From Aram. תְּרִיצוּתָא. See תֵּרוּץ and suff. ◌וּת.] תִּרְכֹּֽבֶת f.n. NH 1 composition. 2 compound, amalgam. [Verbal n. of הִרְכִּיב (= he put together), Hiph. of רכב (q.v.). For the form see תִּבְרֹגֶת. Since תִּרְכֹּבֶת is a verbal n., which has an abstract sense and can by no means denote concrete nouns, the rendering ‘compound, amalgam’ cannot be correct.] תִּרְכּוּב m.n. NH inoculation. [Back formation from תַּרְכִּיב.] תַּרְכּוֹס m.n. PBH 1 leathern cover. NH 2 large suitcase. תִּרְכֹּֽזֶת m.n. NH concentration. [Formed from רִכֵּז (= he concentrated; see רכז). For the form see תִּבֽרֹגֶת.] תַּרְכִּיב m.n. NH serum, vaccine. [Formed from הִרְכִּיב (= he put together, composed), Hiph. of רכב.] תַּרְכִּיז m.n. NH concentrate. [Formed from רִכֵּז (= he concentrated), with pref. תַּ◌.] תרם to separate priestly dues; to contribute,
donate. תֶּרְם m.n. FW therm (the unit of heat — physics). [Gk. therme (= heat), related to thermos (= warm), which stands for * ghermos, from IE base * gher– (= warm). See ‘warm’ in my CEDEL and cp. תֶּרֽמוֹס, תֶּרְמִיּוֹן, תֶּרְמִיט and the first element in תֶּרֽמִידוֹר.] Derivative: תֶּרֽמִי. תָּרְמָה f.n. MH deceit (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 9:31). [Usually connected with מִרְמָה and rendered accordingly with ‘deceit, fraud’). Many, however, see in it a place name. According to my opinion it is a blend of תַּרְמִית and מִרְמָה, hence it really means — like both these words — ‘deceit, fraud’.] תֶּרְמוֹ◌ FW (before a vowel תֶּרְמְ◌) combining form meaning ‘heat’. [Gk. thermo–, from therme (= heat). See תֶּרֽם.] תֶּרְמוֹגְרָף m.n. FW thermograph. [Compounded of תֶּרְמוֹ◌ and Gk. graphos. See ◌גְרָף.] תֶּרְמוֹדִינָמִיקָה f.n. FW thermodynamics. [Compounded of תֶּרְמוֹ◌ and דִּינָמִיקָה.] תֶּרְמוֹכִימְיָה f.n. FW thermochemistry. [Compounded of תֶּרמוֹ◌ and כִּימְיָה.] תִּרְמוּל m.n. NH encapsulation. [Verbal n. of תִּרְמֵל. See תרמל.] תֶּרְמוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW thermometer. [Fren. thermomètre, coined by the Jesuit Father Leuréchon in 1624 from Gk. therme (= heat), and metron (= measure). See תֶּרְם and מֶטֶר.] תֶּרֽמוֹס m.n. FW thermos flask, thermos bottle. [From Gk. thermos (= warm, hot), which is related to therme (= heat). See תֶּרֽם.] תֶּרְמוֹסְטָט m.n. FW thermostat. [Compounded of תֶּרְמוֹ◌ and Gk. statos (= placed, standing).] תֶּרְמוֹסְקוֹפּ m.n. FW thermoscope. [Modern L. thermoscopium, compounded of תֶּרְמוֹ◌ and Gk. skopion; see סְקוֹפּ.] תֶּרְמוֹתֶרַפְּיָה f.n. FW thermotherapy. [Compounded of תֶּרְמוֹ◌ and תֶּרַפּֽיָה.] תִּרֽמֹֽזֶת f.n. NH play of signs. [Formed from רָמַז (= he made signs). See רמז, pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תֶּרְמִי adj. thermic. [See תֶּרְם and suff. ◌ִי.] תֶּרְמִידוֹר m.n. FW ‘Thermidor’ — the eleventh month (lasting from July 19th to August 17th) of the French revolutionary calendar. [Fren. Thermidor, coined by Fabre d’Églantine in 1793 from Gk. therme (= heat) and doron (= gift). See תֶּרְם and דּוֹרוֹן.] תֶּרְמִיּוֹן m.n. FW thermion (physics). [Eng. thermion, coined by the English physicist Sir Owen Willans Richardson (1879–1959) from Gk. therme (= heat); see תֶּרְם and suff. ◌ִיּוֹן.] תֶּרְמִיט m.n. FW thermit. [Ger. Thermit, formed from Gk. therme (= heat; see תֶּרְם), and suff. – it (see suff. ◌ִיט); so called because of the great heat it produces when it is ignited.] תַּרְמִיל m.n. PBH 1 bag, satchel. PBH 2 case, casing. NH 3 pod, capsule (botany). NH 4 cartridge case (of a bullet). [From Aram. תַּרְמִילָא, Syr. תַּרְמָלָא (= bag, case), which is of uncertain, prob. foreign, origin.] Derivatives: תַּרֽמִילוֹן, תרמל. תַּרְמִילוֹן m.n. NH small bag, satchel. [Formed from תַּרֽמִיל with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.] תַּרְמִית ᴵ f.n. MH casting, throwing; projection. [Verbal n. of רָמָה (= he cast, threw); see רָמָה ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] תַּרְמִית ᴵᴵ f.n. deceit, fraud, deception. [Verbal n. of רִמָּה (= he deceived, beguiled, dealt treacherously with), Pi. of רמה ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] תרמל to form pods. תֹּֽרֶן m.n. 1 mast. 2 pole. PBH 3 (fig.) a very tall man, a giant. [Of uncertain origin. According to Hoffmann, standing for תארן, a derivative of אֹרֶן (= cedar). Others connect it with Modern Pun. אתרגם, a word of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: מְתֹרָן, תָּרְנִֹית. תַּרְנְגוֹל m.n. PBH cock, hen. [Together with JAram. תַּרְנוֹגֽלָא, Syr. תַּרֽנָגֽלָא, תַּרְנוּגְלָא, Mand. תארנאגלא (= cock), borrowed from Akka. tar lugallu (= cock), which itself is borrowed from Sumerian tar lugal (= bird of the king). cp. the first element in תַּרְנְהוֹד.] תַּרְנְהוֹד m.n. NH turkey. [Short for תַּרְנְגוֹל־הֹדּוּ. See תַּרְגְגוֹל.] תָּרְנִית f.n. NH axle (of a car). [Formed from תֹּרֶן (= mast; pole), with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.] תרס ᴵ to shield, protect. תרס ᴵᴵ to contradict, oppose. תַּרְסִיס m.n. NH spray. [Verbal n. of רִסֵּס (= he sprayed, sprinkled, moistened), Pi. of רסס ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תְּרֵסִית f.n. PBH strap, lace. [Formed from תְּרִיס ᴵᴵ (= shield), usually made from the skin of an animal. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.] תרע ᴵ to blow a horn or trumpet; to warn, to
sound an alarm. תרע ᴵᴵ to break, to split. [Aram. (= Syr.) תְּרַע (= he broke through, burst, broke forth), which is related to Arab. thaghara (= he cleft, split, broke), Ethiop. sa‘ara (= he tore to pieces). cp. the related base שׁער ᴵᴵ (= to cleave, split).] — Ittaph‘el אִתָּרַע PBH was broken, occurring esp. in the phrase אִתָּרַע מַזָּלֵהּ (= he was unlucky; lit.: ‘his luck was broken’). תַּרְעָא m.n. PBH gate, entrance. [Aram.-Syr. תַּרְעָא, BAram. תְּרַע, related to שַׁעַר ᴵ (= gate, entrance). See also שַׁעַר ᴵᴵ.] תַּרְעֵבָה f.n. NH hunger, famine, starvation. [Verbal n. of רָעֵב (= was hungry). See רעב, pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] תַּרְעוּמָן m.n. PBH murmurer, grumbler, complainer. [Formed from תַּרְעֹמֶת (= grumbling, complaint, murmur), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּרֽעוּמָנִי. תַּרְעוּמָנִי adj. NH murmuring, grumbling, complaining. [Formed from תַּרְעוּמָן with suff. ◌ִי.] תַּרְעֵלָה f.n. 1 reeling, staggering. MH 2 poison. [Verbal n. formed from רעל (= to quiver, shake, reel, stagger). For the form see pref. תַּ◌.] תרעם to make discontented. תַּרְעֹֽמֶת f.n. PBH murmur, grumbling, complaint. [Verbal n. of הִתְרַעֵם (= he murmured, complained), Hith. of רעם. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת. cp. JAram. תּוֹרַעְמְתָא.] Derivatives: תַּרְעוּמָן, תרעם. תֹּֽרֶף ᴵ m.n. PBH the essential part of a document (i.e. that part of a document which makes it binding, inasmuch as it has to be filled in with the date, the amount of the debt, and the signature of the witnesses); the opposite of טֹפֶס (q.v.). [Of unknown origin.] תֹּֽרֶף ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH secret parts, pudenda. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps sing. of Biblical תְּרָפִים with change of meaning. cp. תֻּרְפָּה.] תֶּֽרֶף m.n. MH healing, cure, medicine. [Poetic var. of תְּרוּפָה.] תֻּרְפָּה f.n. PBH weakness, weak spot. [Possibly related to תֹּרֶף ᴵᴵ (q.v.). See also תַּרְפּוּת.] תַּרְפּוּת f.n. PBH idolatry. [Together with Aram. תַּרְפּוּתָא (= shame, place of shame), prob. traceable ultimately to תְּרָפִים.] תֶּרַפְּיָה f.n. FW therapy. [Gk. therapeia (= a waiting on, service, attendance), from therapon (= servant, attendant), from theraps (of s.m.) which is of uncertain origin.] תְּרָפִים m.n. pl. a kind of household idols. [Of uncertain origin. According to Neubauer and others, related to רֽפָאִים ᴵ (= shades, ghosts).] תרץ to be straight, be right. תֶּֽרֶץ m.n. MH straightness, uprightness. [From תרץ.] תַּרְצָן m.n. MH one who knows how to answer difficult questions. [Formed from תרץ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] תַּרְקַב m.n. PBH two ‘kabs’ (‘kab’ — an ancient dry measure). [Prob. borrowed from JAram. תַּרֽקַבָּא, which is compounded of תְּרֵי (= two), and קַב (= kab). The usual derivation of this word, from Gk. trikabos, an alleged Greek word, which would mean ‘three kabs’, must be rejected. Even if the word existed in Greek, its transliteration in Aram. would have been ט (ת being the correspondence of th). Accordingly the meaning of תַּרֽקַב is ‘two kabs’ and not ‘three kabs’.] תַּרְקְיָא m.n. PBH a precious stone. [See טַרֽקֽיָא.] תַּרְקִיחַ m.n. NH pharmaceutical preparation. [Orig. verbal n. of רִקַּח (= he mixed as ointment), Pi. of רקח. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תַּרְשִׁים m.n. NH 1 sketch, design, plan. 2 outline. [Verbal n. of רִשֵּׁם (= he noted, marked), Pi. of רשׁם. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תרשׁם. תַּרְשִׁישׁ m.n. name of an unidentified precious stone occurring in the Bible. According to the Septuagint, Josephus and the Vulgate, it is identical with the chrysolite. Symmachus identifies it with the hyacinth. [Prob. named after a place, whose identity is still a question under dispute. Most scholars identify it with Tarfessus in Spain. cp. Aram.–Syr. תַּרֽשִׁישׁ (= chrysolite).] תרשׁם to sketch, design, plan. תִּרְשֹֽׁמֶת f.n. NH details, entry (in bookkeeping). [Verbal n. of רָשַׁם (= he inscribed, noted, marked); see רשׁם. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּרְשָֽׁתָא m.n. title of the Persian Governor of Judea, applied to Nehemiah (Bible). Spelled always with the article: הַתִּרְשָׁתָא. [Lit.: ‘the revered one’, from Avestic tarshta, which is related to Old I. trásati (= trembles), trastáḥ (= trembling), and cogn. with Gk. treein (= to tremble), L. terrēre (= to frighten). See טֶרוֹר.] תַּרְתֵּי adj. PBH two. [Aram., f. of תְּרֵי. However, it is prob. not derived from it, but a loan word from Akka. tardinnu, tartēnu (= the second). See תַּרְתָּן.] תַּרְתָּן m.n. title of the Assyrian general — of that of Sargon (Is. 20:1), of that of Sennacherib (Kin. II 18:17). [Akka. tardinnu, tartēnu (= lit.: ‘the second’), from rēdu (= to follow). For sense development cp. L. secundus (= second), from sequor, sequī (= to follow).] תרתר to scatter, to cast loose. תַּשׁ ᴵ third person m. perf. from תָּשַׁשׁ. [See תשׁשׁ.] תַּשׁ ᴵᴵ adj. PBH weak. [From תשׁשׁ. Properly part. of תָּשַׁשׁ.] Derivative: תַּשּׁוּת. תִּשְׁבּוּץ m.n. NH 1 appliqué. 2 grading, posting. [Verbal n. of תִּשֽׁבֵּץ. See תשׁבץ.] תִּשְׁבָּחָה f.n. PBH praise, words of praise. [Borrowed from JAram. תֻּשְׁבְּחָא, תֻּשֽׁבַּחֽתָּא (= praise). See שׁבח ᴵ, pref. תִּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה, and cp. תִּשֽׁבַּחַת.] תִּשְׁבַּֽחַת f.n. NH praise. [A secondary form of תִּשֽׁבָּחָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ַת.] תִּשְׁבִּי PN a surname of Elijah the prophet who lived in תִּשְׁבֶּה (Kin. I 17:1). תַּשְׁבֵּץ m.n. 1 checkered work (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 28:4 in the phrase כּֽתֹנֶת תַּשֽׁבֵּץ, ‘a tunic of checkered work’). NH 2 crossword puzzle. [Formed from שׁבץ (= to weave in checkered work), with pref. תַּ◌.] Derivatives: תשׁבץ, תִּשֽׁבְּצוֹן. תשׁבץ to appliqué, post, grade. תִּשְׁבְּצוֹן m.n. NH collection of crossword puzzles. [Formed from תַּשְׁבֵּץ with suff. ◌וֹן.] תִּשְׁבֹּֽצֶת f.n. NH appliqué. [Formed from שָׁבַץ (= he weaved in checkered work); see שׁבץ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּשְׁבֹּֽרֶת f.n. MH 1 plane geometry. NH 2 arithmetic of fractions. [Not from Heb. שָׁבַר (= he broke), but from Arab. shabbara, shabara (= he measured — with the span of the hand). For the form of this word see תּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּשְׁדִּיר m.n. NH broadcast. [Verbal n. of שִׁדֵּר, Pi. of שׁדר.] תִּשְׁדֹּֽרֶת f.n. NH broadcast (message). [Verbal n. of שָׁדַר (= he broadcast); see שׁדר. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תְּשׂוּאָה f.n. NH yield. [Verbal n. of נשׂא.] תְּשׁוּאָה f.n. noise, tumult. [Verbal n. of שׁוא (= to make a din or crash); see שׁאה ᴵ. For the form of this word see תּֽבוּאָה.] תְּשׁוּבָה f.n. 1 return. 2 revolution, period. 3 answer, reply. PBH 4 repentance. [Verbal n. of שׁוּב (= to return, to repent). In the sense ‘answer, reply’, it is a verbal n. of הֵשִׁיב (= he answered, replied), Hiph. of שׁוב (see שׁוב ᴵ). For the form of this word see תְּבוּאָה, resp. תְּבוּנָה.] Derivative: תְּשׁוּבוֹן. תְּשׁוּבוֹן m.n. NH a collection of answers to questions within a certain sphere or field. [Formed from תּֽשׁוּבָה with suff. ◌וֹן.] תְּשׂוּמָה f.n. 1 assignment loan. MH 2 putting, placing. NH 3 input. [Verbal n. of שׂוּם (= to put, place, set). For the form of this word see תּֽבוּאָה.] תְּשׁוּמָה f.n. MH estimate, assessment. [Verbal n. of שׁוּם (= to estimate, assess). For the form of this word see תּֽבוּאָה.] תִּשּֽׁוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 one-ninth. NH 2 multiplication by nine. [Verbal n. of תִּשַּׁע (= he multiplied by nine), Pi. of תשׁע.] תְּשׁוּעָה f.n. 1 help, deliverance. 2 salvation. 3 victory. [Formed from ישׁע (= to deliver). cp. יְשׁוּעָה.] תְּשׁוּקָה f.n. longing, craving, desire. [From שׁוק ᴵᴵ (= to desire), to which it stands as תּֽבוּאָה (= produce, yield) stands to בוא (= to come).] תְּשׁוּרָה f.n. gift, present (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 9:7). [Of uncertain origin. cp. תֶּשֶׁר.] Derivative: תשׁר. תָּשׁוּשׁ adj. PBH weak, feeble. [Pass. part. of תָּשַׁשׁ (= was weak, was feeble), formed on the analogy of Aram. תּֽשִׁישָׁ(א) (of s.m.); This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.] תַּשּׁוּת f.n. MH weakness. [Formed from תַּשׁ ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּשְׁזֹֽרֶת f.n. NH interlacing. [Verbal n. of שָׁזַר (= he interwove, intertwined); see שׁזר. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תִּשְׁחֹֽרֶת f.n. PBH youth (?), forced labor (?). [Of uncertain origin and meaning. On the basis of the phrase הַיַּלְדוּת וְהַשַּׁחֲרוּת (Eccles. 11:11), which is usually rendered by ‘childhood and youth’, תִּשְׁחֹרֶת is generally translated by ‘youth’ (in the abstract sense of the word); see שַׁחֲרוּת ᴵ. Some scholars derive תִּשְׁחֹרֶת from שִׁחֵר (= he sought; see שׁחר ᴵᴵ), and render it by ‘reconnoitering troop’. Others take it in the sense of ‘forced labor’. Barth compares this word with Arab. saḫḫara (= he subjected, made subservient). Since תִּשֽׁחֹרֶת (like תִּלְבֹּשֶׁת, תִּקְרֹבֶת, etc.) is a verbal n., which has an abstract sense and can by no means denote persons, the rendering ‘reconnoitering troop’ cannot be correct.] תַּשְׁטִיף m.n. NH gargle. [Verbal n. of שִׁטֵּף (= he flushed), Pi. of שׁטף. For the form of the word see my analysis s.v. תַּפְעִיל.] תְּשִׁיעִי adj. ninth. [Formed from תֵּשַׁע (= nine), with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תְּשִׁיעִית. תְּשִׁיעִית f.n. PBH one-ninth, ninth part. [Subst. use of the f. of תְּשִׁיעִי.] תָּשִׁישׁ adj. weak, feeble. [From תשׁשׁ (= to be weak). cp. תָּשׁוּשׁ.] Derivative: תְּשִׁישׁוּת. תְּשִׁישׁוּת f.n. MH 1 weakness. NH 2 impotence. [Formed from תָּשִׁישׁ with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּשְׁלֹֽבֶת f.n. NH 1 joining, combining, attaching. 2 gearing, dovetailing. [Verbal n. of שָׁלַב (= he joined, combined, attached); see שׁלב. For the form see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תַּשְׁלוּם m.n. PBH 1 payment, disbursement. 2 completion. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֵּם (= he paid), Pi. of שׁלם (q.v.). For the form of this word see תַּגְמוּל.] תַּשְׁלִיךְ m.n. MH ‘Tashlikh’ — a propitiatory rite in Jewish religion, observed on the afternoon of ‘Rosh Hashanah’ near a stream of water. On this occasion several passages are recited. [Second person sing. of the Hiph. imper. of שׁלך (q.v.), lit.: ‘Thou wilt cast’. The rite is so called from the first word of Micah 7:19: ‘Thou wilt cast all their sins into the depths of the sea’.] תַּשְׁלִיל m.n. NH negative (in photography). [From שְׁלִילִי, ‘negative’ (adj.).] תִּשְׁלֹֽמֶת f.n. PBH payment, reward. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֵּם (= he paid), Pi. of שׁלם (q.v.).] תַּשְׁמִישׁ m.n. PBH 1 handling, use, service. 2 thing used, utensil, implement. 3 (euphemistic) sexual intercourse. [Orig. verbal n. of שִׁמֵּשׁ (= he served), Pi. of שׁמשׁ (q.v.). cp. Aram. תַּשְׁמִישָׁא, תַּשְׁמִישְׁתָּא, Syr. תֶּשֽׁמֶשְׁתָּא (= serving, service). For the form cp. תַּעַֽנִית (= fasting, fast day), and see pref. תַּ◌.] תַּשְׁנוּן m.n. NH repetition. [Verbal n. of שִׁנֵּן (= he taught diligently), Pi. of שׁנן.] תַּשְׁנוּק, תַּשְׁנִיק m.n. PBH 1 strangulation, suffocation. 2 torture. [From JAram. תַּשְׁנוּקָא (of s.m.), which, together with Syr. תַּשְׁנִיקָא (= torment, torture, severe pain, anguish), is borrowed from Akka. tashnīqu (= torture). See שׁנק.] תֵּֽשַׁע f. adj. nine. [From תשׁע, whence also Aram. תְּשַׁע (f.), תִּשֽׁעָא (m.), Syr. תּֽשַׁע (f.), תֶּשְׁעָא (m.), Nab. תשׁע, Mand. תשא, עשתא, Ugar. tsh‘, Arab. tis‘ (f.), tis‘a (m.), OSArab. תשׂע, Ethiop. tes‘ū, tas‘ū (f.), tes‘atū, tas‘atu, Akka. tishit (= nine).] Derivatives: תשׁע ᴵᴵ, תִּשְׁעִים, תְּשִׁיעִי, תִּשְׁעָתַיִם. תשׁע ᴵ base of תֵּשַׁע (= nine). [See תֵּשַׁע and words there referred to.] תשׁע ᴵᴵ to multiply by nine. תִּשְׁעָה m. adj. nine. [See תֵּשַׁע.] תִּשְׁעִים adj. ninety. [Properly pl. of תֵּשַׁע (= nine). cp. Aram. תִּשֽׁעִין, Syr. תֶּשְׁעִין, Arab. tis‘ūn (= ninety).] תַּשְׁעִית f.n. NH nonet (music). [Formed from תֵּשַׁע (= nine), with suff. ◌ִית.] תִּשְׁעָתַֽיִם adv. NH ninefold, nine times. [Properly adv. use of the dual of תִּשְׁעָה (= nine). The dual suff. added to certain numbers has the meaning ‘–fold’; see אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם.] תִּשְׁפֹּֽכֶת f.n. MH shedding. [Verbal n. of שָׁפַךְ (= he poured, he shed). See שׁפך, pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּשְׁקִיף m.n. NH forecast (esp. of weather). [Verbal n. of הִשֽׁקִיף (= he looked down, considered), Hiph. of שׁקף ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] תִּשְׁקֹֽפֶת f.n. NH perspective. [Verbal n. of הִשְׁקִיף (= he looked down upon), Hiph. of שׁקף ᴵ (q.v.). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] תֶּֽשֶׁר m.n. MH gift, present. [Poetic var. of תּֽשׁוּרָה.] Derivative: תשׁר. תשׁר to give a present, to make a gift. תִּשְׁרֵי, תִּשְׁרִי m.n. name of the first Jewish month. [A loan word from Akka. Tashrītu, name of the seventh, orig. the first, month of the year (whence also Ugar. tshrt); lit.: ‘beginning’, from shurrū (= to begin, open, initiate). Aram. תִּשְׁרִי, and Syr. תֶּשְׁרִי, תֶּשְׁרִין are Heb. loan words. Arab. tishrīn is borrowed from Syr.] תַּשְׂרִיט m.n. NH drawing, scheme. [Lit.: ‘scratching, scraping’. Verbal n. of שֵׂרַט (= he scratched, scraped), Pi. of שׂרט. For the form see my analysis s.v. תַּפְעִיל and cp. תַּסֽרִיט.] תַּשְׁרִיר m.n. NH validation. [Formed from שָׁרִיר ᴵᴵ.] תַּשְׁרִית f.n. saturation. [Verbal n. of שָׁרָה (= he soaked, steeped, saturated; see שׁרה ᴵᴵᴵ). For the form of the word see my analysis s.v. תַּפְעִיל.] תַּשֽׁרַ״ק MH the Heb. alphabet in inverted order (i.e. … ת, שׁ, ר, ק), whence its name. תִּשְׁרֹֽקֶת f.n. a long whistling sound. [Verbal n. of שָׁרַק (= he whistled); see שׁרק. For the form of this word see תִּבֽרֹגֶת.] תִּשְׁרֹֽרֶת f.n. NH musculature, muscular system. [Formed from שָׁרִיר ᴵ (= muscle), with pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת (an incorrect coinage, because the form תִּפְעֹלֶת can only serve as a pattern for verbal nouns).] תשׁשׁ to be weak, be feeble. תַּשְׁתִּית f.n. NH subsoil. [From שׁתת ᴵᴵ (= to found, lay the foundation of). cp. מַשֽׁתִּית.] תֵּת inf. Qal of נָתַן (= he gave). [See נתן.] תַּת NH combining form meaning ‘under–’, ‘sub–’, ‘hypo–’. [From JAram. תַּתָּא (= that which is below, lower, nether), which is formed through elision, from תַּחִתָּא, a word related to Heb. תַּחַת (= under, below). For similar elisions cp. JAram. מָסוּתָא (= bath) and words there referred to. cp. also תַּתַּאָה and תַּתּוֹן־הַמֹּחַ.] תַּתָּאָה adj. PBH lower, nether, used esp. in the terminology of the ‘kabbalah’. [JAram., from תָּתָּא (= below). See תַּת.] תַּתּוֹן־הַמֹּֽחַ m.n. NH hypophysis, the pituitary gland (anatomy). [Formed from תַּת (= under), and suff. ◌וֹן.] תִּתּוֹרָה f.n. PBH rim, brim. [From Aram. תִּתּוֹרָא (= bridge), from Akka. titurru (= bridge). cp. תִּתֹּרֶת.] תִּתְמֹֽכֶת f.n. NH prop, support. [Formed from תָּמַךְ (= he held up, supported, maintained). See תמך, pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.] תַּתֽקִין m.n. NH anatomical preparation; microscopic slide. [Formed from הִתֽקִין (= he prepared), Hiph. of תקן, with pref. תַּ◌.] תַּתְרָן adj. PBH aosmic, lacking the sense of smell. [Of unknown etymology. For the ending see agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּתְרָנוּת. תַּתְרָנוּת f.n. NH lack or loss of the sense of smell, aosmia. [Formed from תַּתֽרָן with suff. ◌וּת.] תִּתֹּֽרֶת f.n. NH rim, brim. [A collateral form of תִּתּוֹרָה.] |