ת The twenty-second letter of the Heb. alphabet. The name of the letter, תָּו or תָּיו (‘Tav’, also ‘Taw’), means ‘sign’, ‘mark’; so called in allusion to the ancient form of this letter. In PBH it has the numerical value of four hundred. In the Sem. languages ת alternates with ד, ט and שׁ (see the introductory entries to these letters). ת often appears as the first radical in secondary bases enlarged from primary ones; see תאב ᴵ, תוה, תחל, possibly also תהל (supposed to be the base of תָּהֳלָה). The ת in these cases is either traceable to the ת of the conjugation הִתְפַּעֵל, or is originally identical with the subst. pref. תּ◌ (see תַּ◌, תִּ◌, תּוֹ◌). See תבע.

תּ◌ see pref. תַּ◌.

תַּ◌, תִּ◌, תּוֹ◌, תְּ◌ subst. pref. Nouns with prefixed ת generally serve: 1 as verbal nouns of the Qal, usually strengthening the basic meaning of the verb; 2 in most cases, esp. in the form ‘taqtīl’, as verbal nouns of the Pi‘ēl, corresponding to Arab. ‘taqtīl’, verbal n. of the second (intensive) conjugation; see תַּשְׁמִישׁ; 3 However, since in Hebrew the intensive conjugation (Pi‘ēl) and the causative conjugation (Hiph‘īl) are closely related in sense (e.g. the Pi‘ēl often has a causative meaning, which is the primary sense of the Hiph‘īl), and because the form ‘taqtīl’ is very similar to the Hiph‘īl (perf. הִפְעִיל, imperf. יַפְעִיל), therefore it often occurs that ‘taqtīl’ is the verbal noun form for verbs in the Hiph‘īl; 4 Quite rarely verbal nouns with pref. תּ◌ are related to the Niph‘āl or the Hithpa‘ēl. תַּ◌ is the mostly used prefix forming verbal nouns in Hebrew. It is related to Aram-Syr. תַּ◌, תֶּ◌, Arab. ta-, ti-, Ethiop. ta-, ti-, Akka. ta. In all Sem. languages the prefixes מ◌ and ת◌ are often interchangeable. cp. e.g. תַּרְבִּית and מַרְבִּית (= interest, profit), תּוֹצָא and מוֹצָא (= outgoing), תְּשׁוּבָה (= return), and מְשׁוּבָה (= backsliding), תַּאֲוָה and מַאֲוַיִים (= desire), תַּחֲלוּאִים and מַחֲלוּיִים (= sickness), תִּירוֹשׁ and Aram. מֵירְתָא, Syr. מֶארִיתָא (= must, new wine), Syr. תַּרְנִיתָא and מַרְנִיתָא (= meditation), Arab. tiqwāl and miqwāl (= chatterer, babbler), tīfāq and mīfāq (= first appearance). cp. pref. מ◌.

תִּ◌ form of pref. תַּ◌ (q.v.).

תְּ◌ form of pref. תַּ◌ (q.v.).

◌ֶת (after gutturals ◌ַת) f. subst. & adj. suff. cp. e.g. דֶּלֶת (= door), קֶשֶׁת (= bow), שֶׁבֶת (= to sit), לֶדֶת (= to bear), דַּעַת (= to know), גְּבֶרֶת (= mistress, lady), נֽחֹשֶת (= copper), שׁוֹמֶרֶת (= watching). It is esp. common in participles and infinitives: שׁוֹמֶרֶת is more frequent than שׁוֹמְרָה, לֶדֶת than לֵדָה. [This suffdeveloped from t which had perhaps orig. demonstrative force. It appears in the Sem. languages in two forms: 1 as t, whence: Heb. ◌ת, as in בַּת (= daughter), שֽׁתַּיִ◌ (= two), ◌ֶת in אוֹהֶבֶת (= loving), יוֹשֶׁבֶת (= sitting), etc.; t appears also in Arabic in a few nouns, as in bint (= daughter), ’uḫt (= sister), and in thintai (= two) (f.); in Ethiop. bent (= pupil of the eye), ’eḫt (= sister), walat (= daughter), tamart (= palm tree), negesht (= queen; f. of negūsh, ‘king’); in Akka. bintu (= daughter), shattu (= year), talīmtu (= sister), batūltu (= virgin), ti’āmtu (= sea); and prob. in the Aram. nouns בַּת (= daughter), שַׁתָּא (= year). 2 as -at, which became ◌ָה (orig. only in pause), whence Heb. ◌ָה, as in סוּסָה (= mare; from סוּס, ‘horse’); see first suff. ◌ָה.]

תָּא ᴵ m.n. (pl. תָּאִים, also תָּאוֹת) 1 cell (in all its meanings). 2 room, compartment (esp. in the Temple). NH 3 box (in a theater). [Together with Aram. תַּוָּא, תַּוָּנָא, Syr. תָּוָנָא (= cell), borrowed from Akka. tā’u (= room).] Derivatives: תָּאוֹן, תָּאִי, תָּאִית. cp. תָּוָן.

תָּא ᴵᴵ v. PBH come! [Aram., imper. of אֲתָא (= he came). See אָתָה.]

תאב ᴵ to long for, desire.
    — Qal - תָּאַב he longed for, desired.
    — Pi. - תֵּאֵב he longed for, yearned for, desired.
    — Hiph. - הִתְאִיב he caused desire, made someone desire. [Aram. תְּאֵב, תְּאִיב (= he longed for). Prob. a secondary base formed from אבה or יאב. According to Nöldeke it is possibly an Aramaism.] Derivatives: תַּאַב, תָּאֵב; תָּאוּב, תַּאֲבָה, תֵּאָבוֹן, תְּאִיבָה. cp. the first element in תְּאַבְדֵּעַ.

תאב ᴵᴵ to loathe, abhor.
    — Pi. - תֵּאֵב he loathed, abhorred (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Amos 6:8 in the form of the part. מְתָאֵב).
    — Pu. - תֹּאַב was loathed, was abhorred. [A secondary form of תעב (= to abhor); according to some scholars intentionally changed for תעב.]

תַּֽאַב m.n. MH longing for, yearning for, desire (poetically). [From תאב ᴵ.]

תָּאֵב adj. PBH longing, yearning. [From תאב ᴵ. cp. the first element in תְּאַבְדֵּעַ.]

תְּאַבְדֵּעַ adj. NH curious, inquisitive (now, as a rule, superseded by סַקְרָן). [Coined in the form תְּאַבְדֵּעִי by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) for תָּאֵב לָדַעַת (= desirous to know). See ת ב[[illegible]] and ידע.] Derivative: תְּאַבְדֵּעוּת.

תְּאַבְדֵּעוּת f.n. NH curiosity, quisitiveness. [Formed from תְּאֵבְדֵּעַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

תַּאֲבָה f.n. longing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 119:20). [Formed from תאב ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

תֵּאָבוֹן m.n. PBH 1 desire. 2 appetite. [Formed from תאב ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivatives: תַּאֲבוֹנִי, מְתַאֲבֵן, תאבן.

תַּאֲבוֹנִי adj. NH appetizing. [Formed from תֵּאָבוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

תאבן to appetize.
    — Pi. - תִּאֲבֵן it appetized. [Denominated from תֵּאָבוֹן.]

תַּאֲגִיד m.n. NH corporation. [Formed from אגד (= to bind, tie, join together), with pref. תַּ◌.]

תאה to mark out a boundary.
    — Pi. - תֵּאָה he marked out a boundary.
    — Hiph. - הִתְאָה he drew a line, outlined. Probable derivative: תַּאֲוָה ᴵᴵ. [A secondary form of תוה.]

תְּאוֹ m.n. (pl. תְּאוֹאִים) buffalo (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 14:5). [Of uncertain origin. A clean animal, properly ‘wild sheep’.] cp. תּוֹא.

תֵּאוֹ◌ see תֵּיאוֹ◌.

תָּאוּב adj. MH longing for, desirous. [Pass. part. of תָּאַב (= he longed for, desired; see תאב ᴵ). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

תַּאֲוָה ᴵ f.n. 1 desire, wish. 2 passion, appetite. [From אוה (= to desire, long for).] Derivatives: תַּאֲוִי, תַּאֲוָנוּת, תַּאֲוָנִי, תַּאֲוְתָן.

תַּאֲוָה ᴵᴵ f.n. boundary, limit (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 49:26). [Prob. derived from תָּאָה. See תאה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תַּאֲוִי adj. MH lustful, sensuous. [Formed from תַּאֲוָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

תֵּאוּם m.n. MH 1 adjoining, nearness. NH 2 coordination, matching. [Verbal n. of תֵּאֵם, Pi. of תאם.]

תְּאוֹם m.n. twin (in the Bible occurring only in m. pl. תּוֹאֲמִים). [Related to JAram. תְּיוֹם, Syr. תָּאמָא, Arab. tau’am, tu’ām, Akka. tu’āmu, also ta’umu, possibly also Ethiop. mantā (= twin). All these words prob. derive from the Sem. base w–’–m, whence Arab. wā’ama (= it tallied). The name Thomas derives from Eccles. L. Thomas, from Gk. Thomas (lit.: ‘twin’), from Syr. תָּאמָא (see above). In keeping with the orig. meaning of the name, Thomas is three times referred to in John’s Gospel as ‘Thomas called the Twin’.] Derivatives: תאם, תְּאוֹמִי. cp. תְּיוֹם.

תָּאוּם adj. MH 1 adapted, adjusted. NH 2 symmetrical. [Pass. part. of תָּאַם (see תאם). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.] Derivative: תּֽאִימוּת.

תְּאוֹמִי adj. NH bigeminal. [Formed from תְּאוֹם with suff. ◌ִי.]

תָּאוֹן m.n. NH pigeon hole, cellule. [Formed from תָּא (= cell), with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

תְּאוּנָה f.n. [Incorrect spelling for תְּאֻנָּה (q.v.).]

תַּאֲוָנוּת f.n. NH lustfulness, sexual desire. [Formed from תַּאֲוָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנוּת. cp. תַּאֲוָנִיּוּת.]

תַּאֲוָנִי adj. MH lustful, sensuous. [Formed from תַּאֲוָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: תַּאֲוֶנִיּוּת.

תַּאֲוָנִיּוּת f.n. NH lust, sexual desire. [Formed from תַּאֲוָנִי with suff. ◌וּת. A secondary form of תַּאֲוָנוּת.]

תְּאוּנִים m.n. pl. wicked deed, injustice (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 24:12). [Of uncertain etymology; possibly related to אָוֶן (= wickedness, iniquity).]

תְּאוּצָה f.n. NH acceleration. [Verbal n. of אוץ (= to make haste, hasten), form ‘taqtūl’. The ‘taqtūl’ form is one of the richest sources for coining verbal nouns in NH. Such words are: תּֽגוּבָה (= reaction from הֵגִיב: תּֽהוּדָה (= resonance) from הֵהִיד; תְּזוּזָה (= moving, motion); תְּזוּנָה (= nutrition, nourishment); תְּזוּעָה (= trembling, shuddering); תְּחוּשָׁה (= feeling, sensation); תְּמוּגָה (= lysis); תְּמוּטָה (= collapse, ruin); תְּעוּפָה (= flight, aviation) — all from the Qal; תְּעוּקָה (= pressure) from הֵעִיק; תְּפוּנָה (= doubt) from the Qal; תְּפוּקָה (= production) from הֵפִיק; תּֽצוּגָה (= show, display) from הִצִּיג, Hiph. of יצג, whence the secondary form צוג; תְּקוּצָה (= loathing) from the Qal; תְּצוּרָה (= formation) from the Qal; תְּשׁוּאָה (= proceeds) from שׂוא (= נשׂא).], Derivative: תְּאוּצָתִי.

תְּאוּצָתִי adj. NH accelerative. [Formed from תְּאוּצָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תֵּאוּר m.n. NH description. [Verbal n. of תֵּאֵר, Pi. of תאר.] Derivative: תֵּאוּרִי.

תְּאוּרָה f.n. MH 1 light. NH 2 illumination. [Verbal n. of הֵאִיר (= he caused to shine), Hiph. of אור (form ‘taqtūl’). Other such MH forms are תְּנוּדָה (= motion), תּֽנוּחָה (= rest, resting, repose), תְּנוּעָה (= movement, motion) — all from the form Qal; תּֽעוּרָה (= awakening, revival) — from the Niph.; תְּפוּגָה (= expiry), תְּפוּצָה (= diaspora) — both from the Qal.] Derivative: תּֽאוּרָתִי.

תֵּאוּרִי adj. NH descriptive. [Formed from תֵּאוּר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תֵּאוּרִיּוּת.

תֵּארִיּוּת f.n. NH descriptiveness. [Formed from תֵּאוּרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

תְּאוּרָתִי adj. NH illuminative. [Formed from תְּאוּרָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּאַוְתָן m.n. NH a lustful person, a sensuous person. [Formed from תַּאֲוָה ᴵ (= desire), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תַּאַוְתָנוּת, תַּאַוְתָנִי.

תַּאַוְתָנוּת f.n. NH lustfulness, sexual desire. [Formed from תַּאֲוְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תַּאַוְתָנִי adj. NH lustful, sensuous. [Formed from תַּאֲוֽתָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּאֲזוּנָה f.n. NH equilibrium, balance. [Formed from אזן ᴵᴵ (= to balance), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תַּאֲחוּז m.n. NH percentage. [Formed from אָחוּז ᴵᴵ (= rate, proportion), with pref. תַּ◌.]

תַּאֲחִיזָה f.n. NH cohesion; adhesion. [Formed from אָחַז (= he seized; see אחז), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תָּאִי adj. NH cellular. [Formed from תָּא (= cell), with suff. ◌ִי.]

תְּאִיבָה f.n. MH desiring, desire. [Verbal n. of תָּאַב (= he longed, desired). See תאב ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּאִימָה f.n. NH coordination. [Verbal n. of תָּאַם. See תאם and first suff. ◌ַה.]

תְּאִימוּת f.n. MH 1 completeness, perfection. NH 2 symmetry. [Formed from תָּאוּם with suff. ◌וּת.]

תָּאִיר adj. NH 1 describable. 2 figural (music). [Coined from תאר (= to describe), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

תָּאִית f.n. NH 1 cellulose. 2 pulp. [Formed from תָּא (= cell), with suff. ◌ִית.]

תאל to curse.
    — Hiph. - הִתֽאִיל he cursed. [Denominated from תַּאֲלָה (= curse).]

תַּֽאַל m.n. MH curse imprecation (poetry). [Shortened form of תַּאֲלָה.]

תַּאֲלָה f.n. curse (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:65 in the form תַּאֲלָתְךָ). [Formed from אָלָה (= he of cursed, swore; see אלה ᴵ), with pref. תַּ◌. cp. תַּאַל. cp. also אָלָה.] Derivative: תאל.

תאם to be coupled together, be doubled, to match, fit, be suitable; to bear twins; to be adjoining; to adapt, adjust.
    — Qal - תָּאַם 1 was coupled together, was doubled (in the Bible occurring in the form of the part.); NH 2 he resembled, corresponded.
    — Niph. - נִתְאַם was suitable.
    — Pi. - תֵּאֵם he coordinated.
    — Pu. - תֹּאַם was coordinated.
    — Hiph. - הִתְאִים 1 (f.) she bore twins (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 4:2 and 6:6 in the phrase שֶׁכֻּלָּם מַתְאִימוֹת, ‘whereof everyone bears twins’); MH 2 he fitted, suited, conformed, adapted; NH 3 was fit, was suited, was adapted.
    — Hoph. - הֻתְאַם PBH 1 was found in the middle between two things; PBH 2 was made double, was doubled; NH 3 was made to be fitted, was made to suit, was made to be adjusted to. [Denominated from תְּאוֹם (= twin).] Derivatives: תֹּאַם, תֵּאוּם, תָּאוּם, תְּאוּמָה, תּוֹאֵם, הֶתְאֵם, הַתְאָמָה, מַתְאִים, מַתְאֵם, מִתֽאָם, מֻתֽאָם, מְתֹאָם.

תֹּֽאַם m.n. MH 1 symmetry, harmony. NH 2 mutual relation. [From תאם.]

תאן to weep, lament, wail.
    — Qal - תָּאַן MH 1 he wept, lamented; NH 2 he wailed. [Denominated from תַּאֲנִיָּה (= grief, mourning).]

תֹּֽאַן m.n. MH pretext. [Shortened form of תּוֹאֲנָה.]

תְּאֵנָה f.n. (pl. תְּאֵנוֹת for sense 1, תְּאֵנִים for sense 2) 1 fig tree. 2 fig fruit. [Related to Aram. תֵּינְתָא, Syr. תֵּאתָא (= fig tree and fruit), Pun. תין, Akka. tittu (= a tree). Arab. tīn (= fig) is an Aram. loan word.]

תַּאֲנָה f.n. 1 mating time of animals (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:24). MH 2 strong sexual desire. [Formed from אנה ᴵᴵᴵ (= the right time has come), whence also Arab. ’anā(y).]

תֹּאֲנָה see תּוֹאֲנָה.

תְּאֻנָּה f.n. (also spelled תְּאוּנָה) accident. [Formed from אנה ᴵᴵᴵ with pref. תְּ◌. Hence the correct form is תְּאֻנָּה. The form תְּאוּנָה, which is preferably used by all dictionaries, is wrong. Such a form could only derive from base אוֹן; cp. e.g. תְּבוּאָה (= produce), from בּוֹא (= to come). The punctuation תְּאֻנָּה is so much the more natural because it was formed on the basis of the verse לֹא־תְּאֻנֶּה (Ps. 32:10), etc.]

תַּאֲנוּן m.n. MH weeping, mourning, lamentation. [Fromed from אָנַן (= he lamented, mourned; see אנן), with pref. תַּ◌.]

תַּאֲנִיָּה f.n. mourning, grief, sorrow (occurring in the Bible twice, Is. 29:2, Lam. 2:5, both times in the phrase תַּאֲנִיָּה וַאֲנִיָּה, ‘mourning and moaning’). [Verbal n. of אנה ᴵ, prob. related to the Qal. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.]

תְּאֻנִים see תְּאוּנִים.

תאר to incline, to mark out, delineate, to surround, to describe.
    — Qal - תָּאַר it surrounded, encompassed, encircled.
    — Pi. - תֵּאֵר 1 he drew, outlined; NH 2 (fig.) he described; NH 3 he embellished, adorned; ornamented.
    — Pu. - תֹּאַר PBH 1 was drawn, was outlined; PBH 2 was described; 3 was extended.
    — Hiph. - הִתְאִיר MH 1 he embellished, adorned, ornamented; NH 2 he described; 3 he figurated (music).
    — Hoph. - הֻתְאַר was figurated (music). [Possibly related to תאר (= to explore), however, more probably, it is denominated from תֹּאַר.] Derivatives: תֵּאוּר, תָּאִיר, תְּאֵרִית, הַתְאָרָה, מִתְאָר, מְתֹאָר, תְּאֹרֶת.

תֹּאַר adj. 1 outline, form, figure, shape, appearance. MH 2 quality. MH 3 adjective (grammar). NH 4 title, degree. [Related to Phoen. תאר. Usually regarded as derived from תאר, but, more probably, it is traceable to ראה (= to see), so that its literal meaning is ‘something looked at; appearance’. According to Haupt, however, תֹּאַר derives from תור. Others connect תֹּאַר with Chr.–Pal. תאר (= to gaze at), so that תֹּאַר lit. means ‘something gazed at’. cp. תּוֹר ᴵⱽ.] Derivative: תָּאֳרִי, prob. also תאר.

תַּאֲרֹֽגֶת f.n. NH weaving, web. [Formed from ארג with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.]

תָּאֲרִי adj. MH 1 pertaining to form, pertaining to appearance. 2 adjectival (grammar). [Formed from תֹּאַר with suff. ◌י.]

תַּאֲרִיךְ m.n. MH date. [Transliteration of Arab. ta’rīḫ (= dating, date, time, era; chronicle, annals), inf. of ’arraḫa (= he dated a letter, etc., fixed a certain time, wrote the history of something).] Derivatives: תארך, תַּאֲרִיכוֹן.

תַּאֲרִיכוֹן m.n. NH date stamp. [Formed from תַּאֲרִיךְ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

תְּאֵרִית f.n. NH figure (music). [Formed from תאר with suff. ◌ִית.]

תּארך to date.
    — Pi. - תִּאֲרַךְ he dated.
    — Pu. - תָּאֳרַךְ was dated. [Denominated from תַּאֲרִיךְ. Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943).] Derivative: מְתָאֳרָךְ.

תְּאֹֽרֶת m.n. NH collation. [Formed from תאר (= to describe, portray), with suff. ◌ֶת.]

תְּאַשּׁוּר m.n. ‘teashur’ — name of a tree (occurring in the Bible only Is. 41:19). [Related to Ugar. tyshr (= a kind of cedar). Several scholars derive these nouns from Hitt. tieshshar (= wood, forest). See אַשּׁוּר.]

תֵּבָה f.n. 1 ark, box. NH 2 Holy Ark (in the synagogue). PBH 3 word. [Prob. a loan word from Egypt. tbt (= chest; coffin). Arab. tābūt (= box, case, chest, coffer), is a Heb. loan word. cp. תֻּבָּה.]

תֻּבָּה f.n. NH 1 trunk of a ship. 2 hull (of a ship). [Of uncertain origin; perhaps alteration of תּבִה.]

תַּבְהֵלָה f.n. NH panic. [Verbal n. formed from בהל (= to frighten, terrify, dismay), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּבוּאָה f.n. 1 produce, field produce, yield, product. 2 income, revenue, profit. [Verbal n. of בוא (= to come), form ‘taqtūl’, hence lit. meaning ‘that which is brought in’. For sense development cp. Aram.–Syr. עֲלַלְתָּא (= product, provision, income), which derive from עלל (= he entered), Arab. ghalla (= yield, produce), which derive from ghalla (= he inserted; he entered). cp. also Akka. erbu (= yield), shūrubtu (= harvest; lit.: ‘what goes in’), from erēbu (= to go in, enter). cp. also יְבוּל (= produce, fruit; yield), which prob. derives from יבל (= to bear, carry), and lit. means ‘that which is brought in’. Other transitive verbal nouns of the form ‘taqtūl’, derived from the Qal and occurring in the Bible, are: תּֽבוּסָה (= downfall, complete defeat), תּֽמוּתָה (= mortality), תְּנוּבָה (= produce, yield), תְּנוּמָה (= slumber, sleep), תְּקוּמָה (= standing), תְּרוּפָה (= healing, cure) from רוף (a secondary form of רפא, ‘to heal, cure’), תְּשׂוּמָה from שׂום (= to lay, put) in תְּשׂוּמֶת־יָד (= deposit, pledge), תִּשׁוּאָה (= noise, tumult) from שׁוּא (= שָׁאָה, he made a din or crash), תְּשׁוּבָה (= return). All these nouns derive from the respective Qal (however, תְּשׁוּבָה in the sense ‘answer, reply’, comes from the Hiph‘īl).]

תִּבּוּל m.n. NH spicing, seasoning. [Verbal n. of תִּבֵּל, Pi. of תבל.]

תְּבוּנָה f.n. 1 understanding, intelligence. 2 wisdom. [Verbal n. of הֵבִין (= he understood), form ‘taqtūl’, Hiph. of בין; however, it could belong also to the Qal, although this latter occurs very rarely (cp. the parallel form בִּינָה, which derives from the Qal). Other transitive verbal nouns of the form ‘taqtūl’, related to the Hiph‘īl, are תְּכוּנָה (= arrangement) from הֵכִין; תְּמוּרָה (= substitution, exchange) from הֵמִיר; תְּנוּאָה (= occasion for hostility) from הֵנִיא; תְּנוּפָה (= movement, motion) from הֵנִיף; תְּעוּדָה (= attestation) from הֵעִיד; תְּקוּפָה (= circuit, revolution) from הִקִּיף, Hiph. of נקף = קוף; תְּרוּמָה (= contribution, gift) from הֵרִים; תְּרוּעָה (= shout, cry, alarm) from הֵרִיעַ; תְּשׁוּבָה (= answer, reply) from הֵשִׁיב (however in the sense ‘return’, תְּשׁוּבָה comes from the Qal).]

תְּבוּנִי adj. MH rational; theoretical. [Formed from תְּבוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי. A secondary form of תְּבוּנָתִי.] Derivative: תְּבוּנִיּוּת.

תְּבוּנִיּוּת f.n. NH rationalism. [Formed from תְּבוּנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

תְּבוּנָתִי adj. MH rational; theoretical. [Formed from תְּבוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תְּבוּנִי.]

תְּבוּסָה f.n. downfall, complete defeat, overthrow (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. II 22:7). [Verbal n. of בוס (= to tread down). For the form see תְּבוּאָה. cp. תֶּבֶס.] Derivatives: תְּבוּסָן, תְּבוּסָנוּת, תְּבוּסָנִי.

תְּבוּסָן, תְּבוּסְתָּן m.n. NH defeatist. [Coined from תְּבוּסָה (= defeat), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תְּבוּסָנוּת, תְּבוּסְתָּנוּת f.n. NH defeatism. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from תּֽבוּסָה (= defeat) and suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

תְּבוּסָנִי, תְּבוּסְתָּנִי adj. NH defeatistic. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi from תְּבוּסָה (= defeat), and suff. ◌ָנִי.]

תְּבוּסְתָּן see תְּבוּסָן.

תְּבוּסְתָּנוּת see תְּבוּסָנוּת.

תַּבְחִין m.n. NH 1 criterion. 2 diagnosis. [In the sense of ‘criterion’ coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from בחן (= to examine, test), and pref. תַּ◌.]

תְּבִיעָה f.n. PBH claim, demand, summons. [Verbal n. of תָּבַע. See תבע and first suff. ◌ִה.]

תְּבִיר m.n. MH ‘tebir’ — name of a disjunctive accent placed beneath the word: ◌֛. [Aram. ‘broke’, passpartof תְּבַר (= he broke), which is related to Heb. שָׁבַר (see שׁבר ᴵ and cp. תַּבְרָה); so called in allusion either to the form of this accent or to its melody.]

תֵּבֵל f.n. (with the prob. exception of Is. 14:17, where it is apparently m.) world (used only in poetry and without the article, as a proper name).
    — Pi. - תִּבֵּל 1 he spiced, seasoned. NH 2 (fig.) he spiced, added relish to.
    — Pu. - תֻּבַּל 1 was spiced, was seasoned; NH 2 (fig.) was spiced, relish was added to. [Usually derived from יבל ᴵ (= to bear, carry). However it is more probable that it derives from Akka. tabalu (= continent). Syr. תִּבֵיל, תִּאבֵיל (= the habitable earth), is a Heb. loan word.] תבל to spice. [Denominated from תֶּבֶל ᴵᴵ, תַּבְלִין.] Derivatives: תַּבּֽלָן, תִּבּוּל, מְתֻבָּל.

תֶּֽבֶל ᴵ m.n. confusion, violation of the natural order, abomination. [Of uncertain etymology; possibly formed from בלל (= to mix, mingle; to confuse) with pref. תּ◌. cp. תֶּמֶס (= melting away), which stands to מסס (= to melt), as תֶּבֶל ᴵ stands to בלל. JAram. תִּבְלָא is a Heb. loan word.]

תֶּֽבֶל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 spice, seasoning. 2 spice (in a fig. sense). [The noun is generally used in the pl. form תַּבְלִין, after the Aram. pl. form תַּבְלִין. Related to תִּבֽלָא (= spice, seasoning), Arab. tābil (= coriander; spice, condiment, seasoning), tabbala, taubala (= he spiced, seasoned). These nouns prob. denoted orig. a certain plant (cp. Syr. תֶּבְלָא — ‘tordylium, hartwort, meadow saxifrage’), whence, with sense enlargement, ‘any plant used for seasoning’, whence ‘spice’ in general.] Derivative: תבל.

תְּבַלּוּל m.n. pannus — a disease of the eye (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 21:20). [Formed from בלל (= to mix, mingle, confuse), with pref. תְּ◌, hence lit. meaning ‘a mixture (in the eye)’.] Derivative: תְּבַלּוּלִי.

תְּבַלּוּלִי adj. NH affected with pannus. [Formed from תּֽבַלּוּל with suff. ◌ִי.]

תבלט to make a relief, emboss.
    — Pi. - תִּבְלֵט he made a relief, embossed.
    — Pu. - תֻּבֽלַט a relief was made, was embossed. [Denominated from תַּבְלִיט (= relief).]

תַּבְלִיט m.n. NH relief. [Formed from בלט (= to protrude, project), with pref. תַּ◌.] Derivatives: תבלט, תַּבְלִיטָן.

תַּבְלִיטָן m.n. NH embosser, emboss man. [Formed from תַּבְלִיט with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תַּבְלִיל m.n. NH emulsion. [Formed from בלל (= to mix, mingle, confuse), with pref. תַּ◌.]

תַּבְלִין m.n. PBH 1 spice, condiment. 2 (fig.) spice, condiment. [Reading of the Ashkenazim for תְּבָלִין, which is the pl. of תֶּבֶל (= spice, seasoning), but was mistaken for a singular.]

תַּבְלִית f.n. prob. destruction (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 10:25). [Verbal n., prob. related to בִּלָּה (= he destroyed), Pi. of בּלה. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.]

תַּבְּלָן m.n. NH one who spices, a seasoner (fig.) [Formed from תִּבֵּל, Pi. of תבל, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תֶּֽבֶן m.n. straw, stubble. [Related to JAram. and Egypt.–Aram. תִּיבְנָא, Syr. תֶּבְנָא, Akka. tebnu. Arab. tibn is prob. an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: תבן, תַּבָּן, תַּבְנוּנִי, תִּבְנִי, מַתְבֵּן.

תבן to mix with straw.
    — Pi. - תִּבֵּן he mixed with straw.
    — Pu. - תֻּבַּן was mixed with straw. [Denominated from תֶּבֶן.]

תַּבָּן m.n. PBH worker in straw. [Nomen opificis formed from תֶּבֶן (= straw), according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. Arab. tabbān (= straw vendor), nomen opificis formed from tibn.]

תַּבְנוּן m.n. NH bastion. [Formed from בנה ᴵ with pref. תַּ◌ and reduplication of the נ.]

תַּבְנוּנִי adj. NH straw-colored. [Formed from תֶּבֶן through reduplication of the נ and with suff. ◌ִי.]

תִּבְנִי adj. MH straw-colored. [Formed from תֶּבֶן with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּבְנִית f.n. 1 construction, structure. NH 2 model, pattern. NH 3 paradigm (grammar). [Verbal n. of בָּנָה (= he built; see בּנה). For the form of the word see תַּגְלִית.] Derivative: תַּבְנִיתִי.

תַּבְנִיתִי adj. NH formational. [Formed from תַּבְנִית with suff. ◌ִי.]

תֶּֽבֶס m.n. MH downfall, complete defeat. [Poetic var. of תְּבוּסָה.]

תבע to demand, claim, summon.
    — Qal - תָּבַע 1 he demanded, claimed; 2 he inquired; 3 he sued, indicted, summoned.
    — Niph. - נִתְבַּע 1 was asked; 2 was demanded, was claimed. [JAram.–Syr. תְּבַע (= he demanded, required, claimed, exacted), prob. also Arab. tabi‘a (= he followed), Ethiop. tab‘a (= he was strong), Akka. tebū (= to raise; to rise).] Derivatives: תַּבְעָן, תְּבִיעָה, תּוֹבֵעַ, תּוּבְעָנָה, הִתָּבְעוּת, נִתְבָּע.

תַּבְעָן m.n. NH 1 one who demands; clamorer. 2 pretender. [Formed from תָּבַע; see תבע, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תַּבְעָנוּת, תַּבְעָנִי.

תַּבְעָנוּת f.n. NH clamorousness. [Formed from תַּבְעָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תַּבְעָנִי adj. NH clamorous. [Formed from תַּבְעָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּבְעֵרָה f.n. burning, fire, conflagration (in the Bible a place name). [Verbal n. of בָּעַר (= it burned; see בער ᴵ). For the form of this word see תַּ◌. cp. תַּבְעֶרֶת.]

תַּבְעֶֽרֶת f.n. NH burning, fire, conflagration. [A secondary form of תַּבְעֵרָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

תַּבְצוּר m.n. NH blockhouse. [Formed from בצר ᴵᴵ (= to make inaccessible, fortify), with pref. תַּ◌.]

תַּבְצֵק m.n. NH doughnut. [Formed from the abbreviation of תַּבְשִׁיל (= cooked food, dish), and בָּצֵק (= dough).]

תַּבְרָא see תַּבְרָה.

תּברג to thread (a screw), cut screws.
    — Tiph. - תִּבְרֵג he threaded (a screw), cut screws).
    — Tuph. - תֻּבְרַג was threaded (said of a screw). [Tiph‘el of ברג (= to screw).] Derivatives: תִּבְרוּג, תַּבְרוֹג.

תִּבְרִֹגֶת f.n. NH screw thread. [Verbal n. of בָּרַג (= he screwed; see ברג), from the transitive form ‘taqtulat’. A great number of the transitive ‘taqtulat’ nouns belongs to the vocabulary of NH. Like תִּבְרֹגֶת, most of them are connected with the Qal. The following list of words shows how the form ‘taqtulat’ was and is still used to enrich the NH vocabulary: תִּגֽבֹּרֶת (= rise, increase; reinforcement), תִּגְהֹצֶת (= smartness, spick-and-span) – from the Qal; תִּגְרֹלֶת (= raffle, lottery), from the Hiph.; תִּדֽגֹּרֶת (= incubation), תִּדְחֹקֶת (= congestion, overcrowding), תִּזֽכֹּרֶת (= memorandum, reminder), תִּזְמֹרֶת (= orchestra), תַּחֲזֹרֶת (= reconstruction), תַּחֲמֹצֶת (= oxide) — beginning with תִּדְגֹּרֶת, all the nouns are derived from the Qal; תַּחֲמשֶׁת (= arming, armament), from the Pi‘ēl; תַּחְפֹּשֶׂת (= disguise), and תִּכְתֹּבֶת (= correspondence) — both from the Hithpa‘ēl; תִּמְזֹגֶת (= mixture) — from the Qal; תִּנְעֹמֶת (= melodics) — from the Hiph‘īl; תִּסְבֹּכֶת (= complexity), תִּסְבֹּלֶת (= load-carrying capacity) — both from the Qal; תִּסְמֹנֶת (= syndrome) — from the Pi‘ēl; תִּסְקֹרֶת (= review), תִּסְרֹקֶת (= hairdressing) — both from the Qal; תִּפְזֹרֶת (= loose cargo), תִּפְלֹגֶת (= timing) — both from the Pi‘ēl; תִּפְרֹסֶת (= distribution), תִּפְרֹשֶׂת (= sails), תִּפְתֹּלֶת (= conglomerate), תִּצְרֹכֶת (= consumption) — beginning with תִּפְרֹסֶת all the nouns are derived from the Qal; תִּצְרֹפֶת (= synthesis), תִּקְבֹּלֶת (= parallelism) — both from the Pi‘ēl; תִּקְרֹנֶת (= radiation), תִּקְשֹׁטֶת (= decoration, embellishment), תִּקְשֹׁרֶת (= communication) — all the three nouns from the Qal; תִּרְבֹּכֶת (= confusion; mixture, ragout) — from the Hiph‘īl; תִּרְגֹּלֶת (= drill, maneuver), תִּרְכֹּבֵת (= composition, compound) — both from the Hiph‘īl; תִּרְכֹּזֶת (= concentration) — from the Pi‘ēl; תִּרְשֹׁמֵת (= details, entry in bookkeeping), תִּשְׁבֹּצֶת (= applique), תִּשִׁזֹרֶת (= interlacing), תִּשְׁלֹבֶת (= joining, combining, attaching) — all the four nouns from the Qal; תִּשְׁקֹפֶת (= perspective) — from the Hiph‘īl; תִּשְׁרֹקֶת (= a long-whistling sound) — from the Qal. Those who use the nominal forms beginning with תַּ◌ (i.e. any of the forms ‘taqtīl’, ‘taqtūl,’ ‘taqtulat’) to coin NH words, should bear in mind that these serve to form verbal nouns, which for this very reason can have only an abstract sense and can by no means be used to form concrete nouns. Therefore e.g. among the verbal nouns here enumerated the word תִּפְרֹשֶׂת has been erroneously chosen to denote ‘sails’; nor is it correct to use the form תִּפְזֹרֶת in the sense ‘loose cargo’. Similarly תִּרֽכֹּבֶת can have the meaning ‘composition’, but should not be used in the sense of ‘compound’, and תִּרְבֹּכֶת can well mean ‘confusion’, but should not have been given the meaning ‘ragout’. For the same reason it is surely incorrect to render תִּשְׁחֹרֶת by ‘reconnoitering troop’, as several commentators and lexicographers do.]

תַּבְרָה f.n. PBH 1 breaking, fracture. PBH 2 refutation. MH 3 another name for the accent תְּבִיר. [Aram. תְּבַר, emphatic st. תַּבְרָא (= Syr. תֶּבְרָא, תַּבְרָא), from תְּבַר (= he broke), which is related to Heb. שָׁבַר. See שׁבר ᴵ.]

תַּבְרוּאָה f.n. NH sanitation. [Formed from ברא ᴵᴵ (= to be fat), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תַּבְדוּאִי, תַּבְרוּאָן.

תַּבְרוּאִי adj. NH sanitary. [Formed from תַּבִרוּאָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּבְרוּאָן m.n. NH sanitary worker; sanitarian. [Formed from תַּבְרוּאָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּבְרוּאָנוּת.

תַּבְרוּאָנוּת f.n. NH work of a sanitarian. [Formed from תַּבְרוּאָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תִּבְרוּג m.n. NH threading (a screw), screw-cutting. [Verbal n. of תִּבִרֵג. See תברג.]

תַּבְרוֹג m.n. NH threading machine, diestock. [From תִּבְרֵג. See תברג.]

תַּבְרִיג m.n. NH screw thread. [Verbal n. of בֵּרַג (= he unscrewed), Pi. of ברג.]

תַּבְרִיד m.n. NH selection. [Verbal n. of the form ‘taqtīl’, developed from בֵּרַר (= he chose, selected), Pi. of ברר. This form is used esp. to coin verbal nouns in NH. Such nouns are the following (most of them formed from the Pi‘ēl): תַּבְרִיג (= screw thread); תַּגְלִיף (= engraving); תַּגִמִיר (= final stage, finish); תַּהֲלִיךְ (= process); תַּזְקִיק (= distillate); תַּזְרִיק (= material injected, injection); תַּתִבִּיר (= syntax); תַּחִמִיץ (= silage, silo); תַּחִקִיר (= debriefing); תַּחֲרִיט (= engraving, etching, woodcut); תַּחֲשִׁיב (= calculation); תַּכִתִּיב (= dictation); תַּלְקִיט (= conglomerate); תַּמְלִיל (= text); תַּסְבִּיךְ (= complication); תַּסְנִין (= filtration); תַּסְקִיר (= review); תַּסְרִיט (= scenario); תַּפְרִיט (= menu); תַּקְצִיר (= summary, abstract); תַּרְחִיף (= suspension); תַּרְחִיץ (= lotion); תַּרְטִיט (= vibration); תַּרְסִיס (= spray); תַּרֽקִיחַ (= pharmaceutical preparation); תַּרְשִׁים (= sketch, design, plan); תַּשְׁקִיף (= forecast, esp. of weather). — All these words are verbal nouns formed from the Pi‘ēl of the respective verb.]

תַּבְשִׁיל m.n. PBH cooked food, dish. [Verbal n. of בִּשֵּׁל (= he cooked), Pi. of בשׁל. cp. JAram. תַּבְשִׁילָא (= cooked food, dish), which is prob. borrowed from Heb. תַּבְשִׁיל. Other verbal nouns of the form ‘taqtīl’ in Mishnah and Talmud are תַּכְשִׁיט (also JAram. תַּכְשִׁיטָא) and its doublet תַּקְשִׁיט (= decoration, ornament), and תַּשְׁמִישׁ, also JAram. תַּשְׁמִישָׁא (= handling, use, service). See my analysis of pref. תַּ◌.]

תָּג m.n. PBH 1 ornament (lit.: ‘crownlet’) on a letter. 2 apostrophe marking the abbreviation of a word (e.g. ר׳ for רַבִּי). NH 3 tag, badge, label. [From Aram. תָּגָא (= crown). See תָּגָא.] Derivative: תיג.

תָּגָא m.n. PBH (pl. תָּגִין, also תָּגוֹת) crown. [An Aramaic word (used in quotations) which together with Syr. תָּגָא, תָּאגָה, and Arab. taj (= crown) is borrowed from Pers. tāj̆ (of s.m.). Pers. tāj̆ derives from IE base * steg– (= to encircle, crown), whence also Gk. stephein (= to surround, encircle, wreathe), stemma (= garland, wreath). See ‘stemma’ and ‘taj’ in my CEDEL. cp. תָּג.]

תִּגְבּוּר m.n. NH reinforcement. [Verbal n. of תִּגְבֵּר. See תגבר.]

תגבר to reinforce.
    — Tiph. - תִּגְבֵּר he reinforced.
    — Tuph. - תֻּגְבַּר was reinforced. [Denominated from תִּגְבֹּרֶת.] Derivative: הִּגֽבּוּר.

תִּגְבֹּֽרֶת f.n. MH 1 rise, increase. NH 2 reinforcement. [Verbal n. of גָּבַר (= was strong, was mighty; see גבר). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.]

תַּגְהוּת f.n. NH hygiene. [Formed from גהה ᴵ (= to heal), with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌וּת.]

תִּגְהֹֽצֶת f.n. NH smartness, spick-and-span. [Verbal n. of גָּהַץ (= he pressed, he ironed; see גהץ ᴵ). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.]

תְּגוּבָה f.n. NH 1 reply, rejoinder. 2 reaction. [Verbal n. of הֵגִיב (= he answered, replied, reacted), Hiph. of גוב. For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] Derivative: תְּגוּבָן.

תְּגוּבָן m.n. NH reactor. [Formed from תְּגוּבָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תִּגּוּר ᴵ m.n. NH bargaining. [Verbal n. of תִּגֵּר, Pi. of תגר ᴵ.]

תִּגּוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. MH quarrel. [Verbal n. of תִּגֵּר, Pi. of תגר ᴵᴵ.]

תַּגְזִיר m.n. NH clipping. [Verbal n. of גָזַר (= he cut, clipped) with pref. תַּ◌.]

תִּגְלַֽחַת f.n. PBH shaving. [Formed from גלח with pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ַת.]

תַּגְלִיף m.n. NH engraving. [Verbal n. of גִּלֵּף (= he carved, engraved), Pi. of גלף. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.]

תַּגְלִית f.n. NH discovery. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) as verbal n. of גִּלָּה (= he discovered), Pi. of גלה. תַּגְלִית is a transitive ‘taqtilat’ form. There are several other nouns of the same class of verbs such as תַּדְחִית (= moratorium), related to the Qal; תַּדְמִית (= model, pattern, image), related to the Pi.; תַּחֲזִית (= forecast; spectrum), related to the Pi.; תַּמְחִית ᴵ (= expertise), related to the Hith. of מחה ⱽᴵ; תַּמְחִית ᴵᴵ (= purée), related to the Pi. of מחה ⱽ; תַּצְפִּית (= observation), related to the Qal.]

תַּגְמוּל m.n. recompense, reward, benefit (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 116:12). [Verbal n. of גָּמַל (= he rewarded, recompensed; see גמל ᴵᴵ). It is a transitive ‘taqtūl’ form, which in most cases is related to the Qal. Such verbal nouns are the following Biblical words: תַּהֲלוּכָה (= procession); תַּהֽפּוּכוֹת (= perversity, perverseness); תַּמֽרוּקִים, beside מְרוּקִים, (= ointment); תַּעֲרוּבָה, beside עֲרֻבָּה, (= pledge). All these verbal nouns derive from the Qal of the respective verb. However, the verbal noun תַּחֲנוּנִים (= supplication), and תַּנְחוּמִים and תַּנְחוּמוֹת (= consolation, comfort) are related to the Hithpa‘ēl. Such also are the following verbal nouns from Talmud, Midrash and Targum (most of them from Aramaic): תַּשְׁלוּם, Targum תַּשְׁלוּמָא (= payment), תַּחֲמוּד, from Aram. תַּחֲמוּדָא (= desire) — both of them belong to the Qal. cp. also תַּרֽגּוּם (= translation), which ultimately derives from the Qal.]

תַּגְמִיר m.n. NH final stage, finish. [Verbal n. of גִּמֵּר (= he finished), Pi. of גמר ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תגמר.

תגמר to give a finishing touch.
    — Tiph. - תִּגְמֵר he finished, gave a finishing touch.
    — Tuph. - תֻּגְמַר was finished, was given a finishing touch. [Denominated from תַּגְמִיר.]

תַּגָּר m.n. PBH merchant, dealer, trader. [Together with Aram. תַּגָּר, תַּגָּרָא, Syr. תַּגָּרָא, תַּאגָּרָא, Arab. tājir (of s.m.), borrowed from Akka. tamgāru, tamkāru (of s.m.), which itself is traceable to מכר (= to sell; see מכר).] Derivatives: תגר ᴵ, תַּגָּרָה, תַּגָּרוּת, תַּגְּרָן. cp. תַּגָּרָא.

תִּגָּר m.n. PBH quarrel, contention, strife. [From גרה (= to stir up, irritate), hence of the same origin as תִּגְרָה.] Derivative: תגר ᴵᴵ.

תגר ᴵ to trade, bargain, deal.
    — Pi. - תִּגֵּר 1 he traded, dealt, did business; 2 he bargained, haggled.
    — Hith. - הִתַּגֵּר he bargained, haggled. [Denominated from תַּגָּר (= merchant, dealer, trader).] Derivative: תִּגּוּר ᴵ.

תגר ᴵᴵ to quarrel, complain.
    — Pi. - תִּגֵּר he quarreled, complained. [Denominated from תִּגָּר, תִּגְרָה (= quarrel, contention, strife, complaint); hence properly a secondary base from גרה.] Derivative: תִּגּוּר ᴵᴵ.

תְּגָר m.n. MH provocation, challenge. [From גרה, hence of the same origin as תִּגָּר, תִּגְרָה.]

תַּגָּרָא m.n. PBH merchant, dealer, trader. [Aram. See תַּגָּר.]

תִּגְרָה f.n. quarrel, contention, strife (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 39:11). [Verbal n., prob. related to the Hith. of גרה (= to stir up, irritate). For the form of this word see my article under pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תִּגְרוּת.

תַּגָּרָה f.n. NH business venture. [Formed from תַּגָּר with first suff. ◌ָה.]

תַּגָּרוּת f.n. MH trade. [Formed from תַּגָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

תִּגְרוּת f.n. MH quarrel, strife. [Formed from תִּגְרָה with suff. ◌וּת.]

תִּגְרֹֽלֶת f.n. NH raffle, lottery. [Verbal n. of הִגְרִיל (= he cast lots), Hiph. of גרל. For the form see תִּבְרֹגֶת.]

תַּגְּרָן m.n. NH trafficker, one who bargains. [Formed from תַּגָּר (= merchant), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תַּגְּרָנוּת, תַּגְּרָנִי.

תַּגְּרָנוּת f.n. NH 1 petty trade. 2 bargaining, haggling. [Formed from תַּגְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תַּגְּרָנִי adj. NH mercurial, commercial, businesslike. [Formed from תַּגְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּדְבִּיק m.n. NH sticker. [Verbal n. of הִדְבִּיק, Hiph. of דבק. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.]

תַּדְגִּים m.n. NH sample, specimen; demonstration. [Formed from דגם (= to demonstrate, exemplify; to standardize), with pref. תַּ◌.]

תִּדְגְֹּרֶת f.n. NH incubation. [Formed from דָּגַר (= he hatched; see דגר). For the form of this word see תִּבְדֹגֶת.]

תדהם to stupefy.
    — Tiph. - תִּדְהֵם he stupefied, dumbfounded. [Back formation from תַּדְהֵמָה.]

תַּדְהֵמָה f.n. NH stupefaction, shock. [Formed from דהם (= to astound), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: תדהם.

תִּדְהָר m.n. ‘Tidhar’ — name of a tree, which occurs only twice in the Bible (Is. 41:19 and 60:13), and which has not yet been positively identified. [It is generally rendered by ‘elm tree’. Löw identifies it with the ash tree. Of unknown etymology.]

תַּדְחִית f.n. NH moratorium. [Verbal n. formed from דָחָה (= he pushed, thrust; he put off, postponed). For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.]

תִּדְחֹֽקֶת f.n. NH congestion, overcrowding. [Verbal n. of דָּחַק (= he pressed; see דחק). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.].

תָּדִיר adj. & adv. PBH 1 constant, permanent. NH 2 frequent (physics). PBH 3 constantly, permanently. NH 4 frequently (physics). [From דור (= to move in a circle, go round), whence also JAram. תְּדִירָא (= lasting; orig. a noun meaning ‘duration’), BAram. בִּתְּדִירָא (= continually). cp. the synonym תָּמִיד.] Derivatives: תְּדִירוּת, תְּדִירִי, תֶּדֶר.

תְּדִירוּת f.n. MH 1 constancy. NH 2 frequency (physics). [Formed from תָּדִיר with suff. ◌וּח.]

תְּדִירִי adj. NH constant, permanent. [Formed from תָּדִיר with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּדָּל proper name PBH ‘Taddal’. [According to Rashi name of a fool.]

תִּדְלוּק m.n. NH refueling. [Verbal n. of תִּדְלֵק. See תדלק.]

תַּדְלוּקָה f.n. NH refueling. [Formed from דלק ᴵ (= to burn), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ֶ.]

תדלק to refuel.
    — Tiph. - תִּדְלֵק he refueled.
    — Tuph. - תֻּדְלַק was refueled. [Tiph‘el of דלק ᴵ (= to burn).] Derivatives: תִּדְלוּק, מְתֻדְלָק.

תַּדְמִית f.n. NH 1 model, pattern. 2 image. 3 illusion. [Lit.: ‘likening’. Verbal n. of דִּמָּה (= he likened), Pi. of דמה. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.] Derivative: תַּדִמָן.

תַּדְמָן m.n. NH modeller. [Formed from תַּדְמִית. For the ending see suff. ◌ָן.]

תַּדְמָנוּת f.n. NH modelling. [Formed from תַּדְמָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תַּדְפִּיס m.n. NH reprint, offprint. [Verbal n. of הִדְפִּיס (= he printed), Hiph. of דפס. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.]

תדפס to reprint.
    — Tiph. - תִּדְפֵּס he reprinted, offprinted.
    — Tuph. - תֻּדֽפַּס was reprinted, was offprinted. [Tiph‘el of דפס (= to print).]

תֶּֽדֶר m.n. MH 1 constancy, permanency. NH 2 frequency (physics). [From תָּזִיר.]

תדר to last.
    — Hiph. - הִתְדִּיר he did frequently.
    — Hoph. - הֻתְדַּר was done frequently. [Denominated from תָּדִיר.]

תִּדְרוּךְ m.n. NH briefing. [Verbal n. of תִּדְרֵךְ. See תדרך.]

תַּדְרִיךְ m.n. NH briefing. [Verbal n. of הִדְרִיךְ (= he led, directed, guided), Hiph. of דרך. The following list contains other verbal nouns of the form ‘taqtīl’ formed from the Hiph‘īl, all coined in modern times: תַּדְפִּיס (= reprint, offprint), תַּזְכִּיר (= memorandum), תַּחֲלִיב (= emulsion), תַּטְפִּיס (= stereotype), תַּמְרִיץ (= encouragement), תַּסְבִּיר (= prospectus), תַּסְכִּית (= radio play), תַּעֲקִיף (= paraphrase), תַּצְהִיר (= declaration under oath), תַּקְלִיט (= phonograph record), תַּקְצִיב (= budget), תַּקְרִישׁ (= thrombosis), תַּרְגִּיל (= exercise, practice), תַּרְגִּישׁ (= sentiment).]

תדרך to brief.
    — Tiph. - תִּדְרֵךְ he briefed.
    — Tuph. - תֻּדְרַךְ was briefed. [Denominated from תַּדְרִיךְ.] Derivative: תִּדְרוּךְ.

תֵּה m.n. FW tea. [Fren. thé, from Malay tēh, from dialectic South Chinese tē, which corresponds to Chinese chai. cp. ‘tea’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: תֵּיוֹן.

תהא see תהה ᴵ.

תהד to resound.
    — Pi. - תִּהֵד it resounded.
    — Pu. - תֻּהַד was made to resound. [Back formation from תְּהוּדָה, resonance.]

תהה ᴵ (also תהא) to be astonished, be amazed, be dumbfounded; to meditate; to repent.
    — Qal - תָּהָה, תָּהָא 1 he was astonished, was amazed, was dumbfounded; 2 he meditated, reflected; 3 he repented.
    — Hiph. - הִתְהָה, הִתְהָא he caused astonishment. cp. תהה ᴵᴵ. [Prob. from Aram. (= Syr.) תִּהָא, which is related to BAram., JAram. and Syr. תְּוַהּ (= was astonished, was amazed, he repented); possibly also to Arab. tāha (= he got lost, wandered about). Possibly denominated from תֹּהוּ. See תוה ᴵᴵᴵ and cp. תֹהוּ.] Derivatives: תָּהוּי, תְּהוּת, תְּהִיָּה ᴵ.

תהה ᴵᴵ to smell; to examine.
    — Qal - תָּהָה he examined, he smelled. [From JAram. תְּהָא, תְּהִי (= he smelled), which is of uncertain origin. It is perhaps a special sense development of תהה ᴵ, so that the meaning ‘to meditate, reflect’, may have developed into ‘to examine’, esp. ‘to examine the wine by smelling its odor’, whence ‘to smell’.] Derivative: תְּהִיָּה ᴵᴵ.

תְֹּהוּ m.n. 1 emptiness, waste, desert, chaos, confusion. 2 vanity, nothingness, worthlessness. [Related to thw, Arab. tīh (= waterless desert, trackless wilderness), tāha (= he got lost, wandered about, went astray), Aram.–Syr. (also BAram.) תְּוֵהּ (= was astonished, was amazed). See תוה ᴵᴵ and cp. words there referred to. cp. also ‘tohubohu’ in my CEDEL.]

תְּהוּדָהּ f.n. NH 1 resonance. 2 acoustics. [Coined from הֵד (= echo). Formally, however, תְּהוּדָה is verbal n. of הֵהִיד (= it echoed, reverberated, resounded), from base הוד. See הֵד (= echo).]

תָּהוּי adj. NH amazed. [Pass. part. of תָּהָה (see תהה ᴵ). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

תְּהוֹם m. & f.n. (pl. תּֽהוֹמוֹת; in the Bible always without the art.) 1 depth, deep, abyss. 2 deep sea, primeval ocean. [Related to Akka. ti’amtu, tamtu (= sea), ti’āmat (the sea monster in the Babylonian creation myth), Ugar. thm, dual thmtm, Arab. tihāma (= depth; abyss; sea). Aram. and Syr. תְּהוֹמָא are Heb. loan words.] Derivatives: תהם, תְּהוֹמִי.

תְּהוֹמִי adj. MH abysmal, unfathomable. [Formed from תְּהוֹם with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תְּהוֹמִיּוּת.

תְּהוֹמִיּוּת f.n. NH infinite depth, unfathomable abyss. [Formed from תְּהוֹמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

תְּהוּת f.n. PBH regret, self-reproach, repentance. [Formed from תהה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

תְּהִיָּה ᴵ f.n. MH 1 amazement, astonishment. NH 2 meditation. [Verbal n. of תָּהָה. See תהה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּהִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH examination. [Verbal n. of תָּהָה. See תהה ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּהִלָּה f.n. (pl. תְּהִלּוֹת, also תְּהִלָּים) 1 praise, glory. 2 fame, renown. 3 song of praise, psalm. [Verbal n. of הִלֵּל, Pi. of הלל ᴵ. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌. cp. Arab. tahlīl (= the shouting of a sacred formula).]

תָּהֳלָה f.n. folly, error, profanation, sin (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 4:18). [According to Dillmann derived from base תהל, which he connects with Ethiop. taḥala (= he roved, wandered). Barth compares the base of תָּהֳלָה with Arab. wahila (= he committed an error, erred).]

תַּהֲלוּכָה f.n. procession (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Neh. 12:31). [Verbal n. of הָלַךְ (= he went; see הלך). For the form of this word see תַּגְמוּל. cp. תַּהֲלִיךְ.]

תַּהֲלִיךְ m.n. NH process. [Verbal n. of הִלֵּךְ (= he walked, walked about), Pi. of הלך. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר. cp. תַּהֲלִילָה.]

תַּהֲלִילָה f.n. NH psalmody. [From הלל (= to praise). For the affixes see pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ִה.] Derivative: תהלל.

תְּהִלִּים m.n. pl. the Book of Psalms. [Lit.: ‘psalms’, pl. of תְּהִלָּה.]

תהלל to psalmodize.
    — Pil. - תִּהֲלַל he psalmodized. [Denominated from תַּהֲלִילָה.]

תהם to bring down to the depths.
    — Hiph. - הִתְהִים he brought down to the depths, submerged.
    — Hoph. - הֻתְהַם was brought down into the depths, was submerged. [Denominated from תְּהוֹם. cp. Syr. תְּהֵם (= he brought down to the depths, submerged), denominated from תְּהוֹמָא.]

תַּהְפּוּכָה f.n. 1 perversity, perverseness (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). NH 2 overturning, revolution. [Verbal n. of הָפַךְ (= he perverted; see הפך). For the form see תַּגְמוּל.] Derivative: תַּהְפּוּכָן.

תַּהְפּוּכָן adj. NH perverse. [Formed from תַּהְפּוּכָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תָּו ᴵ m.n. 1 mark, sign. NH 2 (musical) note. [Prob. related to Arab. tiwā’ (= burned sign, brand). See תוה ᴵ and cp. תָּו ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: תָּוִית, תַּוְיָן, תותו.

תָּו ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. תָּוִין) ‘tav’ (also ‘taw’) — name of the twenty-second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. [From תָּו ᴵ (= mark, sign); so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter.]

תּוּ adv. PBH again, once more. [JAram., shortened from תּוּב (= again, once more), from the verb תוב (= to return, turn back; to do again), which is related to Heb. שׁוב (of s.m.). See שׁוב and cp. שׁוּב.]

תּוֹ◌ form of pref. תַּ◌ (q.v.) in verbal nouns developed from פ״ו as in תּוֹחֵלָה (= hope).

תּוֹא m.n. a collateral form of תְּאוֹ (q.v.). [Properly c. st. of תּֽאוֹ.]

תּוֹאֵם adj. NH 1 suitable, fit. 2 conforming to, corresponding to. [Act. part. of תָּאַם. See תאם.] Derivative: תּוֹאֲמוּת.

תּוֹאֲמוּת f.n. NH 1 suitability. 2 conformity. [Formed from תּוֹאֵם with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹאֲנָה, תֹּאֲנָה f.n. opportunity, occasion (of a quarrel), pretext, excuse (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 14:4). [Prob. standing for תָּאֳנָה and derived from אנה ᴵᴵᴵ (= to bring about, cause), with pref. תּוֹ◌.]

תּוֹבָלָה f.n. NH transport, transportation. [Formed from יבל ᴵ (= to bear, carry, conduct), with pref. תּוֹ◌ and first suff. ◌ִה.]

תּוֹבֵֽעַ m.n. PBH 1 claimant, plaintiff. NH 2 prosecutor. [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּבַע. See תבע.] Derivative: תּוֹבְעָנִי.

תּוּבְעָנָה f.n. (also spelled תֻּבְעָנָה) legal claim, action. [From תבע.]

תּוֹבְעָנִי adj. NH demanding, claiming. [Formed from תּוֹבֵעַ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

תּוֹבָר m.n. (also תּוֹבְרָה) 1 loop (especially of the phylactery strap). NH 2 rosette. [From תבר, a secondary form of תפר (= to sew).]

תּוֹבְרָה f.n. PBH see תּוֹבָר.

תּוּגָה f.n. grief, sadness. [Formed from יגה (= to be grieved, suffer), with pref. תּ◌.]

תּוֹגָר m.n. NH Turk. [From תֹּגַרֽמָה (Gen. 10:3), a name which was used for Turkey in MH.]

תּוֹדָה thanksgiving. 2 thank offering. 3 thanksgiving choir, procession. [Verbal n. of הוֹדָה (= he thanked, gave thanks), Hiph. of ידה ᴵ. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת. cp. Syr. תַּוְדִיתָא.]

תּוֹדָעָה f.n. NH 1 conscience. 2 consciousness. [Verbal n. of הוֹדִיעַ (= he made known), Hiph. of ידע. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.] Derivative: תּוֹדַעְתִּי.

תּוֹדַעְתִּי adj. NH conscious, conscientious. [Formed from תּוֹדָעָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תוה ᴵ to make marks.
    — Qal - תָּוָה he made marks.
    — Niph. - נִתְוָה was marked, was signed.
    — Pi. - תִּוָּה 1 he made marks, scribbled; NH 2 he marked, outlined, sketched, designed.
    — Pu. - תֻּוָּה was marked, was signed.
    — Hith. - הִתְוָה 1 he made a mark; NH 2 he outlined, sketched, designed.
    — Hoph. - הֻתְוָה 1 was marked, was signed; NH 2 was outlined, was sketched, designed. [Prob. denominated from תָּו ᴵ (= mark, sign). cp. תאה.] Derivatives: תְּוַי, תַּוְיָן, תָּווּי, תִּוּוּי, תּֽוִיָּה, הַתְוָאָה, הַתְוָיָה, מִתְוֶה.

תוה ᴵᴵ to astonish, astound, amaze.
    — Pi. - תִּוַּהּ he astonished, astounded, amazed. [Denominated from BAram., JAram. and Syr. תְּוַהּ (= he was amazed, was frightened), which is related to Arab. tāha (= was astonished, was perplexed, was startled), Chr.–Pal. תיוהתא, Syr. תַּוְהֲתָא, Mand. תיהוא (= astonishment, fright), Syr. תַּהִי (= he tarried), JAram. and Syr. תּֽוָא (= he regretted), and to תהה ᴵ, תֹּהוּ; related also to base תמהּ.] Derivatives: תֵּוַּהּ, תַּוְהוּת.

תֵּֽוַהּ m.n. PBH 1 astonishment, amazement. 2 fright, terror. [From תוה ᴵᴵ.]

תַּוְהוּת f.n. PBH 1 astonishment, amazement. 2 fright, terror. [Formed from תִּוַּהּ, Pi. of תוה ᴵᴵ, with suff. ◌וּת.]

תָּווּי adj. MH marked, outlined, sketched, designed. [Pass. part. of תָּוָה. See תוה ᴵ.]

תִּוּוּי m.n. NH marking, outlining, sketching, designing. [Verbal n. of תִּוָּה, Pi. of תוה ᴵ.]

תִּוּוּךְ m.n. NH 1 mediation. 2 brokerage, agency. [Verbal n. of תִּוֵּךְ, Pi. of תוך.]

תִּוּוּל m.n. NH barbed wiring. [Formed from תַּיִל (= wire).]

תּוֹחֶֽלֶת f.n. hope. [Verbal n. of the form ‘taqtilat’, related to הוֹחִיל (= he waited), Hiph. of יחל. Other verbal nouns of this class also developed almost all from the Hiph‘il. Most of them are Biblical words, as e.g. תּוֹכֵחָה (= rebuke) from הוֹכִיחַ; תּוֹלְדוֹת, Syr. תַּוְלֶדְתָּא (= descendants, generation) from הוֹלִיד; תּוֹעֵבָה (= abomination) from base עיב; תּוֹעָפוֹת (= height, eminence), from base עיף; תּוֹדָה, Syr. תַּוְדִיתָא (= thanks, gratitude), from ידה; תּוֹרָה (= teaching, instruction) from הוֹרָה. From the later periods are תּוֹעֵלָה and its collateral form תּוֹעֶלֶת (= use, benefit). NH words are תּוֹדָעָה (= conscience), תּוֹפָעָה (= phenomenon), תּוֹרָשָׁה (= heredity) — all verbal nouns formed from the Hiph‘il.]

תְּוַי m.n. NH alignment, feature. [From תָּוָה. See תוה ᴵ.]

תּוּיָה f.n. FW Thuja (a genus of plants). [Modern L. Thuja, from Gk. thuia, name of an African tree, properly ‘a tree the wood of which was burnt for sacrificial purposes’, from thyein (= to sacrifice), properly ‘to cause to smoke’. See ‘thyme’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘thyine’ ibid.]

תְּוִיָּה f.n. NH marking, outlining, sketching, designing. [Verbal n. of תָּוָה. See תוה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּוִיכָה f.n. MH cutting into two equal parts, halving. [From תוך. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

תַּוְיָן m.n. NH score writer. [Formed from תָּו ᴵ (= musical note), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תָּוִית f.n. NH label. [Formed from תָּן ᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

תָּֽוֶךְ, תּוֹךְ m.n. (pl. תּוֹכִים for senses 1 and 2, תּוֹכוֹת for sense 3) 1 midst, middle. 2 inside, interior. MH 3 (esp. in the form תּוֹךְ) contents. [Related to Kalumu במתכת (= in the middle), Phoen. תוכ, תכת (= in the middle, in the midst), Ugar. tk (= to, after), btk (= in the middle, in the midst).] Derivatives: תוך, תּוֹכִי, תִּיכוֹן.

תּוֹךְ◌ pref. -intra, within. [From תּוֹךְ, c. st. of תָּוֶךְ (= middle).]

תוך to mediate.
    — Pi. - תִּוֵּךְ PBH 1 he mediated; PBH 2 he divided into two equal parts, halved; NH 3 he acted as middleman.
    — Pu. - תֻּוַּךְ was divided into two equal parts, was halved.
    — Hiph. - הִתְוִיךְ he placed between, interposed.
    — Hoph. - הֻתְוַךְ was placed between, was interposed. [Denominated from תָּוֶךְ.] Derivatives: תַּוָּךְ, תַּוְּכָן, תִּוּוּךְ, מְתַוֵּךְ.

תּוֹךְ m.n. deceipt. [See תֹּךְ.]

תַּוָּךְ m.n. NH relay. [Formed from תִּוֵּךְ, Pi. of תוך.]

תּוֹכְבָּר m.n. PBH the body of an animal stuffed with its pieces (head, entrails, legs) and roasted. [Together with Aram. תַּכְבְּרָא, of uncertain origin. According to the Mekhilta, Rabbi Yishmael called the so stuffed animal תוכבר because תּוֹכוֹ כְּבָרוֹ, ‘its inside is like its outside’, but this explanation is surely based on folk etymology. Levy’s derivation of this word from Syr. תְּכֵב, which should be related to and synonymous with MH תָּחַב (= he put in, inserted), and to which a ר should have been added, is forced and far from being acceptable. As for the real etymology of Syr. תְּכֵב see תכף in this dictionary.]

תּוֹכֵחָה f.n. 1 rebuke, correction. 2 name of the warnings contained in Lev. 26:3–43 and Deut. 28:15–68. [Verbal n. of הוֹכִיחַ (= he rebuked), Hiph. of יכח. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.]

תּוֹכַֽחַת f.n. 1 rebuke. 2 chiding, reproof. [From הוֹכִיחַ (= he rebuked), Hiph. of יכח. For the form see my analysis under pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תּוֹכַחְתִּי.

תּוֹכַחְתִּי adj. NH 1 pertaining to a rebuke. 2 reproving, chiding. [Formed from תּוֹכַחַת with suff. ◌ִי.]

תּוֹכִי adj. NH inside, internal. [Formed from תָּוֶךְ, תּוֹךְ (= middle; inside), with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: תּוֹכִיּוּת, תּוֹכִית.

תּוֹכִיּוּת f.n. NH internality. [Formed from תּוֹכִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹכִית f.n. NH infix. [Coined from תָּוֶךְ, תּוֹךְ (= middle), and suff. ◌ִית.]

תּוֹכֵן m.n. MH astronomer. [Back formation from תְּכוּנָה ᴵ in the sense of ‘astronomy’.]

תַּוְּכָן m.n. NH 1 mediator, arbitrator. 2 middleman. [Formed from תִּוֵּךְ (= he mediated, acted as middleman), Pi. of תוך, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תַּוְּכָנוּת.

תַּוְּכָנוּת f.n. NH 1 mediation, arbitration. 2 middlemanship. [Formed from תַּוּֽכָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹלָד m.n. PBH (pl. תּוֹלָדוֹת) . [A secondary form of תּוֹלָדָה (q.v.).]

תּוֹלָדָה f.n. (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.) 1 birth, procreation. 2 child, offspring. 3 genealogy. 4 sequel, conclusion. 5 result. 6 nature. [Verbal n. of הוֹלִיד (= he caused to bear, begot), Hiph. of ילד. cp. Syr. תַּוְלֶדְתָּא (= generation, descent, origin, race, kindred). See also תּוֹחֶלֶת. cp. תּוֹלֶדֶת.] Derivatives: תּוֹלָדִי, תּוֹלַדְתִּי. cp. תּוֹלָד and תּוֹלֶדֶת.

תּוֹלָדוֹת f.n. pl. 1 history, chronology. 2 generations. 3 annals, chronicles. 4 consequences, outcome. [Pl. of תּוֹלָדָה (q.v.).] Derivative: תּוֹלְדוֹתִי.

תּוֹלְדוֹתִי adj. NH historic(al). [Formed from תּוֹלָדוֹת with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹלָדִי.]

תּוֹלָדִי adj. NH historic(al). [Formed from תּוֹלָדָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹלְדוֹתִי.]

תּוֹלֶֽדֶת f.n. MH nature. [A secondary form of תּוֹלָדָה.]

תּוֹלַדְתִּי adj. NH historic(al). [Formed from תּוֹלָדָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תּוֹלָל m.n. oppressor (?); captor (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 137:3 in the form תּוֹלָלֵינוּ, which is of uncertain meaning. Since it is parallel to שׁוֹבֵינוּ ‘our captors’, תּוֹלָל prob. means ‘oppressor’, or is another word for ‘captor’). [Of uncertain origin. Most scholars derive it from ילל (= to wail), and take it in the sense of abstractum pro concreto, and accordingly render it by ‘those who make us wail, tormentors’.]

תּוֹלָע m.n. 1 worm. 2 crimson. [Related to Syr. תַּוְלְעָה, תַּוְלַעְתָא, JAram., Chr.–Pal. and Mand. תוליתא, Akka. tultu, Ethiop. tel, shḫauri tilǎlot (= worm). According to some scholars the orig. meaning of these nouns prob. was ‘the gnawing (insect)’, hence they are related to מְתַלְּעָה. cp. תּוֹלֵעָה.] Derivatives: תּוֹלָעִי, תּוֹלַעְנָה.

תּוֹלֵעָה, תּוֹלַעַת f.n. 1 kermes-insect, Lecanium ilicis. 2 crimson cloth. 3 scarlet color. [Collateral forms of תּוֹלָע.] Derivatives: תּוֹלָעִי, תּוֹלַעְתִּי, תלע ᴵ and תלע ᴵᴵ.

תּוֹלָעִי adj. NH wormlike, maggoty. [Formed from תּוֹלָע with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹלַעְתִּי.]

תּוֹלַעְנָה f.n. NH mahogany. [Borrowed from Aram. תּוֹלַעְנָא (= a purple-red tree), from תּוֹלָע (= worm; kermes). See תּוֹלָע.]

תּוֹלַעְנִית f.n. NH helminthia (name of a plant). [Formed from תּוֹלָע (= worm), with suff. ◌ִית. Loan translation of the name helminthia, which was formed from Gk. helmins, later form of helmis (= worm).]

תּוֹלַעְתִּי adj. NH wormlike, maggoty. [Formed from תּוֹלַעַת (= worm), with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹלָעִי.]

תּוֹמִיךְ see תּוֹמֵךְ.

תּוֹמֵךְ adj. supporting. [Act. part. of תָּמַךְ. See תמך.]

תּוֹמְכָה f.n. NH post, pillar, pole. [Formed from תָּמַךְ; see תמך and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תָּוָן m.n. MH cell, cubicle. [From JAram. תַּוָּן, תַּוָּנָא (= cell). See תָּא ᴵ.]

תּוֹסֵס adj. PBH 1 fermenting, effervescent, bubbling. NH 2 (fig.) agitated, excited. [Act. part. of תָּסַס. See תסס.]

תּוֹסָף m.n. NH forestaysail. [Back formation from תּוֹסֶפֶת.]

תּוֹסְפָאָה m.n. PBH one who used the vowel letters abundantly, one who writes plene. [Formed from Aram. אוֹסֵף, from יְסַף (= he added). See תּוֹסֶפְתָּא.]

תּוֹסֶֽפֶת f.n. PBH addition, increase. [Formed from הוֹסִיף (= he added), Hiph. of יסף, with pref. תּוֹ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת. cp. תּוֹסֶפְתָּא.] Derivative: תּוֹסֶפְתָּן.

תּוֹסֶפְתָּא f.n. PBH ‘Tosephta’ (lit.: ‘additions, extensions’) — name of a collection of ‘baraitoth’ containing teachings not occurring in the Mishnah. There were several Tosephtoth. [JAram. תּוֹסֶפְתָּא, from אוֹסֵף (= he added), from יְסַף, corresponding to Heb. הוֹסִיף (of s.m.), Hiph. of יָסַף; see יסף. However, the word תוספתא is really a plural noun, hence should be spelled תּוֹסְפָתָא, and accordingly called ‘Tosephatha’. This becomes evident from the Heb. word תּוֹסָפוֹת (q.v.), which is a loan word from Aram. תוספתא.]

תּוֹסֶפְתָּן m.n. NH appendix (anatomy). [Formed from תּוֹסֶפֶת with suff. ◌ָן.]

תּוֹעֵב m.n. PBH an abominable person. [Act. part. of תָּעַב. See תעב.]

תּוֹעֵבָה f.n. 1 abomination. 2 horrible deed. 3 abominable usage. 4 shameful vice. 5 idolatry, idols. [Related to Phoen. תעבת. Prob. derived from base יעב. The verb תעב is prob. denominated from תּוֹעֵבָה. For the derivation of תּוֹעֵבָה from יעב cp. תּוֹכֵחָה (= rebuke), which derives from יכח (= to rebuke). For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.]

תּוֹעֶה m.n. going astray, wandering. [Part. of תָּעָה. See תעה.]

תּוֹעָה f.n. 1 wickedness. 2 confusion. MH 3 error. [From תעה.]

תּוֹעֵלָה f.n. PBH use, profit, benefit. [Verbal n. of הוֹעִיל (= was of use), Hiph. of יעל. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת. cp. תּוֹעֶלֶת, a collateral form of תּוֹעֵלָה.]

תּוֹעָלִי adj. MH useful, profitable. [Formed from תּוֹעֶלֶת with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹעַלְתִּי.]

תּוֹעֶֽלֶת f.n. PBH (pl. תּוֹעָלוֹת, also תּוֹעֲלִיּוֹת) use, profit, benefit. [A collateral form of תּוֹעֵלָה.] Derivatives: תּוֹעָלִי, תּוֹעַלְתִּי, תּוֹעַלְתָּן.

תּוֹעַלְתִּי adj. NH useful, profitable, practicable, utilitarian. [Formed from תּוֹעֶלֶת with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תּוֹעָלִי.] Derivative: תּוֹעַלְתִּיּוּת.

תּוֹעַלְתִּיּוּת f.n. NH usefulness, profitability, utilitarianism. [Formed from תּוֹעַלְתִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹעַלְתָּן m.n. NH utilitarian. [Formed from תּוֹעֶלֶת with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תּוֹעַלְתָּנוּת.

תּוֹעַלְתָּנוּת f.n. NH utilitarianism. [Formed from תּוֹעַלְתָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹעַמְלָן m.n. NH propagandist. [Derived from תַּעֲמוּלָה (= propaganda). For the ending see agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. תַּעַמְלָן.] Derivatives: תּוֹעַמְלָנוּת, תּוֹעַמְלָנִי.

תּוֹעַמְלָנוּת f.n. NH propagandism. [Formed from תּוֹעַמְלָן with suff. ◌וּת. cp. תַּעַמְלָנוּת.]

תּוֹעַמְלָנִי adj. NH propagandist (adj.), propagandistic. [Formed from תּוֹעַמְלָן with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תַּעַמְלָנִי.]

תּוֹעָפוֹת f.n. height, eminence, strength. [Verbal n. from base יעף, whence also Arab. yafa‘a (= he ascended a mountain), yafa‘ (= hill).]

תּוּפִין m.n. baked pieces of pastry (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 6:14). [Prob. a loan word from Akka. tappinnu, tuppinnu, name of a kind of grain or flour.] Derivative: תּוּפִינִיָּה.

תּוּפִינִיָּה f.n. NH pastry shop. [Formed from תּוּפִין with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

תּוֹפֵס m.n. NH guard (mechanics). [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּפַס (= he seized). See תפס and cp. תּוֹפְסָנִי.]

תּוֹפְסָנִי adj. NH keeping tight hold of. [Formed from תּוֹפֵס, act. part. of תָּפַס (= he seized; see תפס), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

תּוֹפֶֽסֶת f.n. NH tag (children’s game). [Subst. use of the act. part. f. of תָּפַס; see תפס and suff. ◌ֶת.]

תּוֹפָעָה f.n. NH phenomenon. [Verbal n. of הוֹפִיעַ (= he shone forth), Hiph. of יפע. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.]

תּוֹפֵף see תפף.

תּוֹפֵר m.n. PBH tailor (the usual word is חַיָּט). [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּפַר (= he sewed). See תפר and cp. תּוֹפֶרֶת.]

תּוֹפֶֽרֶת f.n. NH dressmaker (f.), seamstress. [f. of תּוֹפֵר.]

תּוֹצָא m.n. NH effect. [Back formation from תּוֹצָאָה.]

תּוֹצָאָה f.n. (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.) 1 outgoing, extremity, outskirts. 2 place of going out, escape, gate. 3 source. 4 result, consequence. [Formed from יצא, Hiph. הוֹצִיא (= he brought out, carried out), with pref. תּוֹ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תּוֹצָר m.n. NH product. [Formed from יצר (= to form, fashion, create; to produce), with pref. תּוֹ◌. cp. תּוֹצֶרֶת.]

תּוֹצֶֽרֶת f.n. NH 1 produce, output, yield. 2 production. [Formed from יצר with pref. תּוֹ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.]

תּוֹקֵֽעַ m.n. ‘shofar’ blower. [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּקַע (= he blew the shofar). See תקע.]

תּוֹקְפָן m.n. NH aggressor. [Formed from תּוֹקֵף, act. part. of תָּקַף (= he attacked, assailed, assaulted; see תקף), with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. תַּקְפָן.] Derivatives: תּוֹקְפָנוּת, תּוֹקְפָנִי.

תּוֹקְפָנוּת f.n. NH aggressiveness, aggressivity. [Formed from תּוֹקְפָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹקְפָנִי adj. NH aggressive. [Formed from תּוֹקְפָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

תור to spy out, search out, explore.
    — Qal - תָּר 1 he went about; 2 he spied out, explored; 3 he sought out, found out how to do something.
    — Hiph. - הֵתִיר he spied out, he made a reconnaissance.
    — Pi. - תִּיֵּר 1 he showed the way; 2 he made a tour.
    — Pu. - תֻּיַּר was visited by tourists. [Syr. תָּאַר (= he contemplated, meditated), Chr.-Pal. תאר, Samar. תור, תער (= he considered, understood), Arab. tāra (= he went around), tāra (= once, sometimes, at times), Akka. tāru (= to turn about, turn back), taiāru (= turning back, also ‘merciful’). Accordingly the orig. meaning of this base was ‘to turn about’. From this meaning developed that of ‘to spy out, explore’. cp. מְרַגֵּל (= spy), from רֶגֶל (= foot), and Akka. dayyalu (= spy, explorer), from dālu (= to go round). However, Barth compares Arab. ta’ra (= he looked around sharply). cp. תאר.] Derivatives: תּוּר, תָּר, תַּיָּר, תִּיּוּר, תִּירָה, תַּיְּרָנוּת, תַּיּֽרָנִי. cp. תּוֹר ᴵᴵ. cp. also יְתוּר.

תּוּר m.n. MH curiosity. [From תור.]

תּוֹר ᴵ m.n. plait, circlet (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 1:10 and 11). [Related to JAram. תּוֹרָא (= cord, brim), Akka. turru (= string), perhaps also to תּוֹר ᴵᴵ.]

תּוֹר ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 time, (one’s) turn. 2 queue, course. NH 3 era, epoch. [Prob. derived from base תור (= to go about, turn about), whence also Arab. tāra (= he went around), tāra (= once, sometimes, at times). See תור.] Derivatives: תּוֹרָן, תּוֹרָנוּת, תּוֹרָנִי ᴵ.

תּוֹר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. turtledove. [Of imitative origin. cp. L. turtur (= turtledove), which is also imitative. Eng. turte (in the sense of ‘turtledove’) derives from Old Eng. turtle, which is formed from L. turtur with dissimilation of the second r into l.]

תּוֹר ᴵⱽ m.n. appearance (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. I 17:17 in the phrase כְּתוֹר הָאָדָם הַמַּעֲלָה, which is usually rendered by ‘after the manner of a man of high degree’). [Of uncertain origin. Generally explained as a secondary form of תֹּאַר (= appearance). If Haupt is right in assuming that תֹּאַר derives from תור, it is easily possible that כְּתוֹר here is identical with בְּתוֹר (= in the capacity of).]

תּוֹרָא m.n. PBH ox. [Aram., corresponding to Heb. שׁוֹר (of s.m.).]

תּוּרְגְּמָן see תֻּרְגְּמָן.

תּוֹרָה f.n. 1 instruction, teaching. 2 the Book of Laws, the Torah. PBH 3 the Five Books of the Torah, the Pentateuch. NH 4 copy of a book of the Torah. NH 5 theory, system. NH 6 a book containing the principles of any branch of science. [Verbal n. of הוֹרָה (= he pointed out, instructed, taught), Hiph. of ירה. Aram.–Syr. אוֹרָיְתָא and Ethiop. ōrīt (= instruction, teaching of the Torah) are Heb. loan words. Arab. at-taurā (= the Torah, the Pentateuch), is prob. a blend of Heb. הַתּוֹרָה and Aram. אוֹרָיְתָא. See אוֹרָיְתָא.] Derivatives: תּוֹרִי, תּוֹרָנִי.

תּוֹרִי adj. MH 1 pertaining to the Torah. NH 2 theoretic. [Formed from תּוֹרָה with suff. ◌ִי.] cp. תּוֹרָנִי.

תּוֹרִיּוּם m.n. FW thorium (chemistry). [Modern L. thorium, coined by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1828 from Thor, name of the Scandinavian god of thunder, and of chemical suff. - ium. See ‘thoria’ and second suff. ‘-ium’ in my CEDEL.]

תּוֹרֵם m.n. NH donor, contributor. [Subst. use of the act. part. of תָּרַם. See תרם.]

תּוּרְמוֹס m.n. PBH lupine (plant). [From Gk. thērmos (= Lupinus albus), which is prob. identical with thermōs (= warm), in spite of the difference in the place of the accent. For the etymology of thermōs (= warm) see תֶּרְמוֹס.]

תּוּרְמִית f.n. PBH group (of persons). [From L. turma (= troop, squadron of horses), which is of uncertain origin. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.]

תּוֹרָן m.n. NH person on duty (by rotation). [Formed from תּוֹר ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תּוֹרָנוּת, תּוֹרִי ᴵ.

תּוֹרָנוּת f.n. NH duty (by roster). [Formed from תּוֹרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹרָנִי ᴵ adj. NH on duty. [Formed from תּוֹרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

תּוֹרָנִי ᴵᴵ adj. MH 1 pertaining to the Torah; theological. NH 2 learned in the Torah, scholarly. [Formed from תּוֹרָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: תּוֹרָנִיּוּת.

תּוֹרָנִיּוּת f.n. NH scholarliness, expertness in the Torah. [Formed from תּוֹרָנִי ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹרֵס adj. NH protecting. [Formed from תְּרִיס ᴵᴵ (= shield).]

תּוֹרְעֲמָנִי adj. NH quarrelsome, complaining. [Formed from תַּרְעֹמֶת (= quarrel, complaint), with suff. ◌ָנִי. cp. תַּרְעוּמָן.]

תּוֹרְעָנִי adj. NH uproarious. [Back formation from תְּרוּעָה (= shout, cry, alarm). For the ending see suff. ◌ָנִי.]

תּוֹרָשָׁה f.n. NH heredity; atavism. [Verbal n. of הוֹרִישׁ (= he made to inherit), Hiph. of ירשׁ ᴵ. For the form of this word see תּוֹחֶלֶת.] Derivative: תּוֹרַשְׁתִּי.

תּוֹרַשְׁתִּי adj. NH hereditary; atavistic. [Formed from תּוֹרָשָׁה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: תּוֹרַשְׁתִּיּוּת.

תּוֹרַשְׁתִּיּוּת f.n. NH heredity; atavism. [Formed from תּוֹרַשְׁתִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוֹשָׁב adj. & m.n. PBH 1 (n.) sojourner, inhabitant, settler. 2 (adj.) settled, stationary. [Formed from ישׁב (= to sit; to dwell), with pref. תּוֹ◌. cp. the related Egypt.–Aram. תותב, Syr. תַּוְתָּבָא (= settler). cp. also תּוֹשֶׁבֶת.]

תּוֹשֶֽׁבֶת f.n. MH 1 basis, base, foundation. 2 tube, socket. [Formed from ישׁב (= to sit; to dwell), with pref. תּוֹ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.]

תּוּשִׁיָּה f.n. 1 advice, insight, wisdom. MH 2 philosophy, metaphysics. NH 3 resourcefulness, orientation. [Of uncertain origin. Most scholars derive it from ישׁה. cp. יֵשׁ. For the affixes of this word see pref. תּוּ◌ and suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

תּוּת m.n. PBH mulberry. [Prob. borrowed from Aram.–Syr. תּוּתָא, whence also Arab. tūt (= mulberry tree, mulberry).] Derivative: תּוּתִיִּים.]

תּוֹתָב ᴵ adj. PBH inserted, fixed. [From Aram. תּוֹתָבָא, Syr. תַּוְתָּבָא (= settler, that which sits firmly, that which is fixed), from יְתֵב (= he sat), which is related to Heb. יָשַׁב (of s.m.). See ישׁב and cp. תּוֹשָׁב. cp. also תּוֹתָב ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: תּוֹתְבָן, תּוֹתֶבֶת.

תּוֹתָב ᴵᴵ m.n. NH bush, bushing. [Sense enlargement of תּוֹתָב ᴵ.]

תּוֹתְבָן m.n. NH prosthetist. [Formed from תּוֹתָב ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תּוֹתֶֽבֶת f.n. NH prosthesis, inset, insertion. [Properly f. of תּוֹתָב.]

תותו to mark, to doodle.
    — Pilp. - תִּוֽתֵּו he doodled; he marked.
    — Pulp. - תֻּוְתַּו was doodled; was marked. [Formed from תָּו ᴵ (= mark, sign).] Derivative: תִּוְתּוּו.

תִּוְתּוּו m.n. NH doodling; marking. [Verbal n. of תִּוְתֵּו. See תותו.]

תּוֹתָח m.n. 1 name of a weapon (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 41:21). NH 2 gun, cannon. [Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Arab. wataḥa (= he beat with cudgels). Barth sees in it a loan word from Akka. tartaḫu (= cudgel).] Derivative: תּוֹתְחָן.

תּוֹתְחָן m.n. NH gunner, artillery man. [Formed from תּוֹתָח with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: תּוֹתְחָנוּת.

תּוֹתְחָנוּת f.n. NH gunnery, artillery. [Formed from תּוֹתְחָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תּוּתִיִּים m.n. NH Moraceae (a family of trees). [Formed from תּוּת (= mulberry), with ◌ִיִּים, pl. of adj. suff. ◌ִי, used as a noun.]

תּוֹתְרָן, תּוֹתְרָנוּת see תַּתֽרָן, תַּתְרָנוּת.

תַּזְגִּיג m.n. NH enamel. [Formed from זִגֵּג (= he glazed). See זגג and pref. תַּ◌.]

תֶּזָה m.n. FW thesis. [Fren. thèse, from L. thesis, from Gk. thesis (= a placing, setting), from IE dh–ti– (= a placing), whence L. con–dī–tiō (= a founding), from L. conditus, p. part. of condere (= to found). Gk. thesis is verbal n. of tithenai (= to put, place, set). See תֵּימָה and cp. תֶּזִיס. cp. also the second element in אַנְטִיתֶזָה, הִיפּוֹתֵיזָה, פְּרוֹתֶזָה, סִינְתֶזָה.

תְּזוּזָה f.n. NH 1 moving, motion. 2 vibration. [Verbal n. of זוּז (= to move). For the form see תְּאוּצָה.]

תְּזוּנַאי m.n. NH dietician. [Formed from תְּזוּנָה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

תְּזוּנָה f.n. NH 1 nutrition, nourishment. 2 diet. [Verbal n. of זוּן (= to feed; see זון). For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] Derivatives: תְּזוּנַאי, תְּזוּנָתִי.

תְּזוּנָתִי adj. NH nutritious, dietetic. [Formed from תְּזוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תְּזוּעָה f.n. NH trembling, shuddering; tremor, shudder. [Verbal n. of זוּעַ (= to tremble, shudder; see זוע). For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.]

תזז ᴵ to spring out, spring forth.
    — Hiph. - הֵתַז he cut off (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 18:5). [Prob. related to Syr. תַּז (= it swelled up, was boiling hot; was indignant), hence ultimately identical with תזז ᴵᴵ. cp. נתז, which is a secondary form of תזז ᴵ.]

תזז ᴵᴵ to envy, get excited.
    — Qal - תָּזַז it squalled (said of the wind). cp. תְּזָזִי and תְּזָזִית. [Prob. from Syr. תַּז (= was boiling hot, was indignant), Ethiop. אֶתְּתְּזַז (= was greatly excited, acted with extreme fervor), whence תַּזִּיזוּתָא (= raging heat, fervor, vehemence, commotion).] Derivatives: תְּזָזִי, תְּזִיזָה, מְתֻזָּז.

תְּזָזִי adj. NH shaken, perturbed, mad. [Formed from תזז ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

תְּזָזִית f.n. PBH squall (occurring only in the phrase רוּחַ תְּזָזִית, ‘demon of madness’, ‘craziness’ or ‘epilepsy’). [From Syr. תַּזִיזוּתָא. It is possible that the orig. Heb. form was also תִּזָּזִית. See תזז ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: תָּזִיז.

תָּזִיז adj. NH mad, crazy, insane. [Back formation from תְּזָזִית.]

תְּזִיזָה f.n. NH squalling (of the wind). [Verbal n. of תָּזַז. See תזז ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ִה.]

תֶּזִיס m.n. FW thesis, dissertation. [Gk. thesis (= a placing, setting). See תֶּזָה.]

תַּזְכִּיר m.n. NH memorandum. [Verbal n. of הִזְכִּיר (= he caused to be remembered; he mentioned), Hiph. of זכר ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.]

תִּזְכֹּֽרֶת f.n. NH 1 memorandum. 2 reminder. [Verbal n. of זָכַר (= he remembered; see זכר). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.]

תִּזְמוּן m.n. NH timing. [Verbal n. of תִּזְמֵן. See תזמן.]

תִּזְמוּר m.n. NH (the act of) orchestration. [Verbal n. of תִּזְמֵר. See תזמר and cp. תַּזְמוּר.]

תַּזְמוּר m.n. NH (the result of) orchestration. [Modification of תִּזְמוּר.]

תזמן to time.
    — Tiph. - תִּזְמֵן he timed.
    — Tuph. - תֻּזְמַן was timed. [Denominated from תִּזְמֹנֶת.] Derivative: תִּזְמוּן.

תִּזְמֹֽנֶת f.n. NH synchronism. [Formed from זְמָן (= time) with pref. תִּ◌ and suff. ◌ֶת.]

תזמר to orchestrate.
    — Tiph. - תִּזְמֵר he orchestrated.
    — Tuph. - תֻּזֽמַר was orchestrated. [Denominated from תִּזְמֹרֶת.] Derivatives: תַּזְמָר, תִּזְמוּר, תַּזְמוּר, מְתֻזְמָר.

תַּזְמָר m.n. NH orchestrator. [Formed from תִּזְמֵר. See תזמר.]

תִּזְמֹֽרֶת f.n. NH orchestra. [Verbal n. of זָמַר (= he sang; see זמר ᴵ). Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922). For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] Derivative: תִּזְמָרְתִּי.

תִּזְמָרְתִּי adj. NH orchestral. [Formed from תִּזְמֹרֶת with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּזְנוּנִים m.n. pl. fornication, prostitution, whoredom. [A secondary form of זְנוּנִים. Formed from זנה (with pref. תַּ◌, suff. ◌וּן, and pl. suff. ◌ִים.]

תַּזְנוּת f.n. whoredom, fornication. [Formed from זנה (= to commit fornication, be a harlot), with pref. תַּ◌ and suff. ◌וּת. Prob. contraction of taznŭv(a)t or taznūv(a)t, hence verbal n. of זָנָה (= he committed fornication). See זנה.]

תַּזְקִיף m.n. NH account. [Formed from זקף (= to raise; to charge an account) with pref. תַּ◌.]

תַּזְקִיק m.n. NH distillate. [Verbal n. of זִקֵּק (= he purified), Pi. of זקק ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.]

תַּזְרִיק m.n. NH material injected, injection. [Verbal n. of זֵרֵק (= he sprinkled), Pi. of זרק. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.]

תחב to stick in, insert.
    — Qal - תָּחַב he stuck in, inserted.
    — Niph. - נִתֽחַב was stuck in, was inserted. [A base occurring only in Hebrew.] Derivatives: תָּחוּב, תְּחִיבָה.

תִּחְבּוּל m.n. NH devising, contriving, plotting. [Verbal n. of תִּחְבֵּל. See תחבל.]

תַּחְבּוּלָה f.n. direction, counsel, wisdom, cunning (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). [Prob. orig. meaning ‘rope pulling’, whence ‘steering, directing a ship’, whence ‘direction, counsel, cunning’, and related to חֶבֶל (= rope), חוֹבֵל (= sailor). See חבל ᴵV, pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תחבל, תַּחֽבּוּלָנִי.

תַּחְבּוּלָנִי adj. wily, crafty, cunning, tricky. [Formed from תַּחְבּוּלָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

תַּחְבּוּרָה f.n. NH communication, transport. [Formed from חבר ᴵ with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תַּחְבִּיב m.n. NH hobby. [Formed from חבב (= to love), with pref. תַּ◌.] Derivatives: תַּחְבִּיבַאי, תַּחְבִּיבָן.

תַּחְבִּיבַאי, תַּחְבִּיבָן m.n. NH hobbyist, faddist. [Formed from תַּחְבִּיב (= hobby), with suff. ◌ַאי, resp. ◌ָן.]

תַּחְבִּיר m.n. NH syntax. [Coined from חִבֵּר (= he united, joined, he composed). Formally verbal n. of חִבֵּר. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תַּחְבִּירִי.

תַּחְבִּירִי adj. NH syntactic(al). [Formed from תַּחְבִּיר with suff. ◌ִי.]

תחבל to contrive, to devise, to plot.
    — Tiph. - תִּחֽבֵּל he devised, contrived, plotted.
    — Tuph. - תֻּחְבַּל was devised, was contrived, was plotted. [Back formation from תַּחְבּוּלָה.] Derivatives: תִּחְבּוּל, תַּחְבְּלָן.

תַּחְבְּלָן m.n. NH a wily, cunning or crafty man, tactician, trickster. [Formed from תִּחְבֵּל (see תחבל) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: תַּחְבְּלָנוּת, תַּחְבְּלָנִי.

תַּחְבְּלָנוּת f.n. NH wiliness, cunning, tactics. [Formed from תַּחְבְּלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

תַּחְבְּלָנִי adj. NH wily, cunning, crafty, tricky. [Formed from תַּחְבְּלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

תחבשׁ to bandage.
    — Tiph. - תִּחְבֵּשׁ he bandaged.
    — Tuph. - תֻּחְבַּשׁ was bandaged. [Back formation from תַּחְבֹּשֶת.]

תַּחְבֹּֽשֶת f.n. MH bandage, plaster. [Verbal n. of חָבַשׁ (= he bound, plastered); see חבשׁ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.] Derivative: תחבשׁ.

תְּחִגָּה f.n. NH festival. [Formed from חגג (= to celebrate), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה. For the form cp. תְּמִסָּה (= solution).] Derivative: תְּחִגָּתִי.

תְּחִגָּתִי adj. NH festival. [Formed from תְּחִגָּה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּחְדִישׁ m.n. NH word-coining. [Formed from חָדָשׁ (= knew) with pref. תַּ◌.]

תָּחוּב adj. PBH stuck in, inserted. [Pass. part. of תָּחַב. See תחב.]

תָּחֽוּחַ adj. PBH crushed, crumbled, loose (earth). [Pass. part. of תָּחַח. See תחח.] Derivative: תְּחִיחוּת.

תִּחֽוּחַ m.n. PBH crushing, crumbling, loosening (said of earth), loose earth. [Verbal n. of תִּחַח, Pi. of תחח.]

תִּחוּל m.n. NH priming. [Verbal n. of תִּחֵל, See תחל ᴵᴵ.]

תְּחוּלָה f.n. NH inception, incidence. [Formed from חוּל (= to fall, occur; see חול), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּחוּם m.n. PBH 1 boundary, border, confines, limit. 2 dominion, domain, district. [A loan word from Aram. (= Syr.) תְּחוּמָא (boundary, border, limit), which itself is a loan word from Akka. taḫūmu.] Derivatives: תחם, תְּחוּמִי.

תָּחוּם adj. NH 1 bounded, limited, delimited. 2 circumscribed. [Pass. part. of תָּחַם. See תחם.]

תִּחוּם m.n. NH fixing boundaries, limitation, delimitation, demarcation, circumscription. [Verbal n. of תִּחֵם, Pi. of תחם.]

תְּחוּמִי adj. NH pertaining to a boundary or boundaries; bordering; adjacent. [Formed from תְּחוּם with suff. ◌ִי.]

תְּחוּשָׁה f.n. NH feeling, perception, sensation. [Verbal n. of חוּשׁ (= to feel); see חושׁ ᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תְּאוּצָה.] Derivative: תְּחוּשָׁתִי.

תְּחוּשָׁתִי adj. NH sensory. [Formed from תְּחוּשָׁה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּחֲזוּקָה f.n. NH maintenance. [Formed from חזק (= to be strong) with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: תחזק, תַּחֲזוּקָן.

תַּחֲזוּקָן m.n. NH maintenance man. [Formed from תַּחֲזוּקָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תַּחֲזִית f.n. NH 1 forecast. 2 spectrum. [Verbal n. of חִזָּה (= he predicted, forecast), Pi. of חזה. For the form of this word see תַּגְלִית.]

תחזק to maintain.
    — Pi. - תִּחְזֵק he maintained.
    — Pu. - תֻּחְזַק was maintained. [Denominated from תַּחְזוּקָה (= maintenance).]

תַּחֲזֹרֶת f.n. NH reconstruction. [Verbal n. of חָזַר (= he went round); see חזר. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.]

תחח to crumble, loosen.
    — Qal - תָּחַח he crumbled, loosened.
    — Niph. - נִתְחַח was crumbled, was loosened.
    — Pi. - תִּחַח he crumbled, loosened.
    — Pu. - תֻּחַח was crumbled, was loosened. [Prob. related to Syr. תָּח (= it rotted; was softened), Arab. thāḫa (= the finger entered through pressure into a soft material).] Derivatives: תָּחוּחַ, תִּחוּחַ, תְּחִיחָה, מְתֻּחָח.

תְּחִיבָה f.n. MH sticking in, insertion. [Verbal n. of תָּחַב. See תחב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּחִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 revival, resurrection. NH 2 renaissance, rebirth, renewal. [Formed from חיה (= to live), with pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּחִיחָה f.n. NH crumbling, loosening. [Verbal n. of תָּחַח. See תחח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּחִיחוּת f.n. NH looseness of the soil. [Formed from תָּחוּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

תְּחִימָה f.n. NH fixing of limits, limitation, delimitation, demarcation. [Verbal n. of תָּחַם. See תחם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תִּחְכּוּם m.n. NH sophistication. [Verbal n. of תִּחֽכֵּם, Pi. of תחכם.]

תחכם to do something in a sophisticated way.
    — Pi. - תִּתֽכֵּם he did something in a sophisticated way.
    — Pu. - תֻּחְכַּם was done in a sophisticated way. [A verb compounded of חָכַם and הִתְחַכֵּם; see חכם.] Derivatives: מְתֻחֽכָּם, תִּחְכּוּם.

תַּחְכְּמוֹנִי MH 1 wise counsellors. NH 2 academy. [From תַּחְכְּמֹנִי (Sam. II 23:8) ‘a Tahchemonite’, from the proper name תַּחְכּֽמֹן. However, in the parallel place (Chron. I 11:11) the name is חַכְמוֹנִי, ‘a Hachmonite’.]

תחל ᴵ to begin.
    — Hiph. - הִתְחִיל he began, commenced.
    — Hoph. - הֻתְחַל was begun, was commenced, was started. [A secondary base formed from תְּחִלָּה (= beginning), verbal n. of חלל ᴵᴵ. For a similar back formation cp. תרם, a secondary base formed from תְּרוּמָה (= contribution); תרע, back formation of תּֽרוּעָה (= shout, cry); תנב, a secondary base formed from תּֽנוּבָה (= fruit, produce); תנע, a secondary base formed from תּֽנוּעָה (= motion).] Derivatives: הֶתֽחֵל, הַתֽחָלָה, מַתְחִיל, מַתְחָל.

תחל ᴵᴵ to initiate; to prime.
    — Pi. - תִּחֵל he initiated, he primed (military).
    — Pu. - תֻּחַל was primed (military). [Denominated from תֶּחֶל ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: תִּחוּל.

תֶּֽחֶל ᴵ m.n. MH beginning (poetic). [Abbreviation of תְּחִלָּה.]

תֶּֽחֶל ᴵᴵ m.n. NH primer (military). [Back formation from תּֽחִלָּה.]

תחלב to emulsify.
    — Tiph. - תִּחְלֵב he emulsified.
    — Tuph. - תֻּחֽלַב was emulsified. [Denominated from תַּחֲלִיב (= emulsion).]

תְּחִלָּה f.n. 1 beginning, inception, start. PBH 2 the first place. PBH 3 first degree of uncleanness. PBH 4 at first. PBH 5 formerly. [Verbal n. of הֵחֵל, Hiph. of חלל ᴵ. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.] Derivatives: תְּחִלִּי, תְּחִלִּית.

תַּחֲלוּא m.n. disease, sickness, illness (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). [From חלה ᴵ.] Derivatives: תַּחֲלוּאָה, תַּחֲלוּאִי.

תַּחֲלוּאָה f.n. MH 1 disease. NH 2 incidence of disease, morbidity. [Formed from תַּחֲלוּא with first suff. ◌ָה.]

תַּחֲלוּאִי adj. related to disease, morbid. [Formed from תַּחֲלוּא with suff. ◌ִי.]

תִּחְלוּף m.n. NH replacing, replacement, substitution. [Verbal n. of תִּחֽלֵף. See תחלף.]

תַּחֲלוּפָה f.n. NH 1 substitution. 2 natural replacement. [Formed from חלף ᴵ (= to change), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּחִלִּי adj. NH of the beginning, initial, incipient. [Formed from תְּחִלָּה with suff. ◌ִי and cp. תּֽחִלִּית.]

תַּחֲלִיב m.n. NH emulsion. [Verbal n. of הֶחֱלִיב (= he milked), Hiph. of חלב. For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.]

תַּחֲלִיף m.n. NH 1 substitute. 2 surrogate. [Borrowed from JAram. תַּחֲלִיפָא, from חָלַף (= passed over, changed). See חלף ᴵ and pref. תַּ◌.] Derivative: תחלף.

תַּחֲלִיפָה f.n. MH change, substitution. [Verbal n. of הֶחֱלִיף (= he changed, substituted), Hiph. of חלף ᴵ. For the affixes see pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּחִלִּית f.n. NH prefix. [Coined by Prof. M.H. Segal (1878–1968) from תְּחִלָּה (= beginning), and suff. ◌ִית. cp. סוֹפִית.]

תחלף to substitute, surrogate.
    — Tiph. - תִּחְלֵף he substituted; he surrogated.
    — Tuph. - תֻּחְלַף was substituted, was surrogated. [Denominated from תַּחֲלִיף (= substitute).] Derivative: תִּחְלוּף.

תחם to confine, to set a limit, to mark out a boundary.
    — Qal - תָּחַם he marked out a boundary, set a limit, limited, bordered.
    — Niph. - נִתְחַם was marked out (said of a boundary), was limited, was bordered.
    — Pi. - תִּחֵם he marked out a boundary, set a limit, limited, bordered.
    — Pu. - תֻּחַם was marked out (said of a boundary), was limited, was bordered.
    — Hiph. - הִתְחִים he marked out a boundary, set a limit, limited, bordered.
    — Hoph. - הֻתְחַם was marked out (said of a boundary), was limited, was bordered. [Denominated from תְּחוּם (= boundary, border, confines, limit). cp. Aram.–Syr. תַּחֵם (= he marked out a boundary, set a limit, limited, bordered).] Derivatives: תָּחוּם, תִּחוּם, תּֽחִימָה, הַתְחָמָה, מִתְחָם, מֻתְחָם.

תַּחֲמוּד m.n. MH (pl. תַּחֲמוּדִים, also תַּחֲמוּדוֹת) desire. [Formed on the analogy of JAram. תַּחֲמוּדָא, תַּחֲמוּדְתָּא (= desire), verbal n. of חֲמַד (= he desired); see חמד. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.]

תַּחְמִיץ m.n. NH marinade; silage, silo. [Verbal n. of חִמֵּץ (= he caused to be leavened), Pi. of חמץ. For the form of this word see תַּבֽרִיר.] Derivative: תחמל.

תַּחְמִישׁ m.n. NH cartridge, ballistic cartridge. [Verbal n. of חִמֵּשׁ (= he armed, equipped), Pi. of חמשׁ ᴵᴵᴵ. See my analysis of the form תַּפְעִיל.]

תַּחְמָס m.n. an unclean bird of prey (mentioned in the Bible only Lev. 11:16 and Deut. 14:15). [Various attempts have been made to identify it. Aharoni sees in it a species of an owl (Otus brucei), others identify it with the goatsucker (Caprimulgus). Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from חמס (= to do violence).]

תחמץ to silo, to marinate.
    — Tiph. - תִּחְמֵץ he siloed; he marinaded.
    — Tuph. - תֻּחְמַץ was siloed; was marinaded. [Denominated from תַּחְמִיץ (= silage, silo; marinade).]

תַּחֲמֹֽצֶת f.n. NH oxide. [Verbal n. of חֲמֵץ (= was sour, was leavened); see חמץ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.]

תחמשׁ to arm, to equip.
    — Tiph. - תִּחְמֵשׁ he armed, equipped.
    — Tuph. - תֻּחְמַשׁ was armed, was equipped.] [Denominated from תַּחְמֹשֶת.]

תַּחְמֹשֶת f.n. NH ammunition, munitions. [Formed from חִמֵּשׁ (= he armed, equipped), Pi. of חמשׁ ᴵᴵᴵ. For the form of this word see תִּבְרֹגֶת.]

תַּֽחַן m.n. MH prayer, supplication (poetically). [Back formation from תְּחִנָּה.]

תַּחֲנַאי m.n. NH stationmaster. [Formed from תַּחֲנָה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

תַּחֲנָה f.n. NH station. [Formed from חנה (= to encamp), with pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה. Properly the sing. of Biblical תַּחֲנֹתִי. See תַּחֲנוֹת.]

תְּחִנָּה f.n. 1 mercy, favor. 2 prayer, supplication. [Verbal n. of הִתְחַנֵּן (= he sought or implored favor), Hith. of חנן. For the form of this word see pref. תַּ◌.]

תַּחֲנוּן m.n. supplication for favor (in the Bible occurring only in the pl.). [Verbal n. of הִתְחַנֵּן (= he sought or implored favor), Hith. of חנן. For the form see תַּגְמוּל.] Derivative: תַּחֲנוּנִי.

תַּחֲנוּנִי adj. NH supplicatory. [Formed from תַּחֲנוּן with suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּחֲנוֹת f.n. camp, encampment, station (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 6:8 in the form תַּחֲנֹתִי, prob. meaning ‘my encamping’. [Prob. from חנה (= to encamp). cp. תַּחֲנָה.]

תִּחְפּוּשׂ m.n. NH disguising. [Verbal n. of תִּחְפֵּשׂ. See תחפשׂ.]

תחפשׂ to disguise.
    — Tiph. - תִּחְפֵּשׂ he disguised.
    — Tuph. - תֻּחְפַּשׂ was disguised. [Denominated from תַּחְפֹּשֶׂת.] Derivative: תִּחֽפּוּשׂ.

תַּחְפֹּֽשֶׂת f.n. NH disguise. [Back formation from הִתְחַפֵּשׂ (= he disguised himself), Hith. of חפשׂ (= to search). For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.] Derivative: תחפשׂ.

תַּחֲצָה f.n. NH crossing. [Verbal n. of חָצָה (= he divided into two; he crossed). See חצה ᴵ, pref. תַּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

תְּחִקָּה, תְּחֻקָּה f.n. NH legislation. [Verbal n. of חָקַק (= to cut in, engrave, inscribe, decree); see חקק, pref. תְּ◌ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: תְּחִקָּתִי.

תִּחְקוּר m.n. NH debriefing. [Verbal n. of תִּחְקֵר. See תחקר.]

תַּחְקִיר m.n. NH debriefing. [Verbal n. of חִקֵּר (= he sought out, examined), Pi. of חקר. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תַּחְקִירָן.

תַּחְקִירָן m.n. NH 1 researcher. 2 debriefing officer. [Formed from תַּחְקִיר with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

תחקר to debrief.
    — Tiph. - תִּחְקֵר he debriefed.
    — Tuph. - תֻּחְקַר was debriefed. [Denominated from תַּחְקִיר.] Derivative: תִּחְקוּר.

תְּחִקָּתִי adj. NH legislative. [Formed from תְּחִקָּה with suff. ◌ִי.]

תחר to compete, to contest.
    — Pi. - תִּחֵר he competed, contested. [Back formation from תַּחֲרוּת (= rivalry, competition). cp. תחרה.]

תַּחְרָא f.n. (pl. תַּחְרוֹת) corset, coat of mail. [Of uncertain etymology.]

תַּחֲרָה f.n. PBH 1 quarrel. NH 2 contest, rivalry. [Formed from חרה (= to burn, be kindled), with pref. תַּ◌. cp. תַּחֲרוּת.]

תַּחְרָה f.n. NH lace. [A secondary form of תַּחְרִים.]

תחרה to compete, to contest.
    — Tiph. - תִּחֲרָה he competed, contested. [A secondary base formed from הִתְחָרָה, Hith. of חרה, through aphesis of the ה. cp. תחר.]

תַּחֲרוּת f.n. PBH 1 rivalry, strife. NH 2 competition, contest, match. [From חרה (= to burn, be kindled). cp. Aram.–Syr. תַּחֲרוּתָא (= contention). [ Derivative: תַּחֲרוּתִי.

תַּחֲרוּתִי adj. NH competitive, contentious. [Formed from תַּחֲרוּת with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

תַּחֲרִיט m.n. NH engraving, etching, woodcut. [Verbal n. of חֵרַט (= he chiseled, engraved), Pi. of חרט ᴵ. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.]

תַּחְרִים m.n. NH (pl. תַּחְרִימִים) lace. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922), from Arab. taḫrīm, which derives from ḫarrama (= intensive), from ḫarama (= pierced, made a hole or holes), whence also ḫurm (= hole), ḫurm’ul-’ibrati (= eye of the needle).]

תַּֽחַשׁ m.n. dolphin (?). [A word of uncertain etymology and meaning. Several scholars see in it a loan word from Egypt. tḥś (= to extend skin or leather), others connect it with Arab. tuḫas, duḫs, daḫs (= dolphin), still others compare it with Akka. taḥshu (= sheepskin).]

תחשׁב to calculate.
    — Pi. - תִּחְשֵׁב he calculated. [Denominated from תַּחְשִׁיב (= calculation).] Derivative: תִּחְשׁוּב.

תִּחְשׁוּב m.n. NH making calculations. [Verbal n. of תִּחְשֵׁב, Pi. of תחשׁב.]

תַּחֲשִׁיב m.n. NH calculation. [Verbal n. of חִשֵּׁב (= he counted, reckoned, calculated), Pi. of חשׁב. For the form of this word see תַּבְרִיר.] Derivative: תחשׁב.

תַּֽחַת ᴵ 1 the under part. 2 underneath, below. 3 under, below, beneath. 4 in one’s place, where one stands. 5 in place of, instead of. 6 because of, on account of. [Related to BAram., Aram., Egypt.–Aram. תּֽחוֹת (= under), Syr. תְּחִית, adv. (= below), תְּחוֹת, prep. (= under), Ugar. tḥt, Arab. and Ethiop. taḥta (= under, below).] Derivatives: תַּחַת ᴵᴵ, תַּחְתּוֹן, תַּחְתִּי. cp. תַּת◌, תַּתָּא, תַּתָּאָה.

תַּֽחַת ᴵᴵ m.n. NH (vulg.) buttocks, bottom, posterior. [From תַּחַת ᴵ.]

תִּחְתּֽוּחַ m.n. NH noise, rattle, clatter. [Verbal n. of תִּחְתַּח. See תחתח.]

תַּחְתּוֹן adj. lower, lowest, inferior. [Formed from תַּחַת ᴵ with adj. suff. ◌וֹן. Prob. related to Akka. tetenū, which prob. stands for teḥtenū and means ‘deputy, one who represents another’.] Derivatives: תַּחְתּוֹנִיּוֹת, תַּחְתּוֹנִים, תַּחְתּוֹנִית.

תַּחְתּוֹנִיּוֹת f.n. pl. PBH abdominal troubles, piles. [Subst. use of the f. pl. of the adj. תַּחְתּוֹן.]

תַּחְתּוֹנִים m.n. pl. NH underwear, underclothes. [Subst. use of the m. pl. of the adj. תַּחְתּוֹן.]

תַּחְתּוֹנִית f.n. NH underskirt. [Subst. use of the f. form of the adj. תַּחְתּוֹן.]

תחתח to make noise; to rattle, clatter.
    — Pilp. - תִּחְתַּח he made noise; he rattled, clattered. [Of imitative origin.] Derivative: תִּחְתּוּחַ.

תַּחְתִּי adj. lower, lowest. [Formed from תַּחַת ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי. cp. תַּחְתִּית ᴵ and תַּחְתִּית ᴵᴵ.]

תַּחְתִּית ᴵ f.n. bottom, lowest place. [Subst. use of the f. of תַּחְתִּי.]

תַּחְתִּית ᴵᴵ f.n. underground railway, busway. [Short for רַכֶּבֶת תַּחְתִּית. See תַּחֽתִּי and cp. תַּחְתִּית ᴵ.]

תַּטְפִּיס m.n. NH stereoplate. [Verbal n. of הִטְפִּיס (= he copied, stereotyped; see טפס ᴵᴵ). For the form of this word see תַּדְרִיךְ.]

◌ָתִי suff. corresponding in sense to Eng. pertaining to, -y or - itious. [Compounded of first suff◌ָה (orig. ◌ָת) and suff. ◌ִי.]

תִּיאָה f.n. PBH crowfoot root, Ranunculus (a genus of plants). [Of uncertain etymology. Zimmern connects it with Akka. tiyatu.]

תֵּיאוֹבֶּרוֹמִין m.n. FW theobromine (chemistry). [Coined from Modern L. Theobroma and chem. suff. - ine. Modern L. Theobroma was coined by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707–78) from Gk. theos (= god) and broma (= food), which is related to bora (= food), and cogn. with L. vorāre (= to devour). The name prop. refers to the cocoa as ‘the food of the gods’.]

תֵּיאוֹגוֹנְיָה f.n. FW theogony. [Gk. theogonia (= origin of the gods), compounded of theos (= god), and gonia, from gonos (= race, birth, descent), which stands in gradational relationship to genos (= race, descent). See תֵּיאִיזְם and גֶּן.]

תֵּיאוֹדוֹלִיט m.n. FW theodolite. [Modern L. theodolitus, of uncertain origin.]

תֵּיאוֹדִיצְיָה f.n. FW theodicy. [Fren. théodicée (lit.: ‘justice of God’). Formed by the German philosopher Baron Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646–1716) from Gk. theos (= God), and dike (= justice).]

תֵּיאוֹלוֹג m.n. FW theologian. [Fren. théologien, whence also Eng. theologian, from L. theologia. See תֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

תֵּיאוֹלוֹגִי adj. FW theological. [From תֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

תֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW theology. [L. theologia, from Gk. theologia (= science of divine things), from theologos (= one who speaks of divine things), which is compounded of theos (= God), and logos. See תֵּיאִיזְם and ◌לוֹגְיָה.]

תֵּיאוֹסוֹפְיָה f.n. FW theosophy. [Late Gk. theosophia (= knowledge of divine things), which is compounded of theos (= god), and logia (= skill, wisdom), from sophos (= skilled, wise). See תֵּיאִיזְם and סוֹפִיזְם.]

תֵּיאוֹפוֹרִי adj. FW theophorous. [Gk. theophoros (= bearing or carrying the name of a god), which is compounded of theos (= god), and pherein (= to bear, carry). See תֵּיאִיזְם and אֲנָפוֹרָה.]

תֵּיאוֹפַנְיָה f.n. FW theophany. [L. theophania, from Gk. theophaneia, theophania (= manifestation of God), compounded of theos (= God) and the stem of phainesthai (= to appear). See תֵּיאִיזְם and פַנְטַסְיָה.]

תֵּיאוֹקְרָטִי adj. FW theocratic. [From תֵּיאוֹקְרַטְיָה.]

תֵּיאוֹקְרַטְיָה f.n. FW theocracy. [Gk. theokratia (= the rule of God), coined by the Jewish historian Josephus (c. 38–c. 100) from theos (= God) and kratia (= rule of), from kratos (= strength, power, rule). See תֵּיאִיזֽם and ◌קְרַטְיָה.]

תֵּיאוֹרְבָּה f.n. FW theorbo (an obsolete kind of lute). [Fren. théorbe, téorbe, from earlier tuorbe, tiorbe, from It. teorba, var. of tīorba (= traveling bag), from Turkish torba (= bag); so called from the bag it used to be carried in.]

תֵּיאוֹרְיָה m.n. FW theory. [Gk. theoria (= spectacle, contemplation, consideration), from theoros (= spectator), from the stem of theasthai (= to see, behold), whence also theatron (= theater). See תֵּיאַטְרוֹן.]