ר The twentieth letter of the Heb. alphabet. The name of the letter, רֵישׁ (‘resh’), is Aram., and lit. means ‘head’; so called in allusion to the ancient form of this letter. In PBH it has the numerical value of two hundred. ר alternates with ל and נ (see the introductory entries to these letters). ר often serves for the dissimilation of the reduplication of a consonant. So, e.g., דַּרְמֶשֶׂק is a dissimilated form of דַּמֶשֶׂק (= Damascus). In this way many bases and words have been enlarged into quadriliterals; cp. e.g. BAram. כָּרֽסֵא (= chair), which is prob. a loan word from Akka. kussu (= chair, throne), whence prob. also Heb. כִּסֵּא; base כרסם (= to chew, gnaw, devour), dissimilated from כסם (= to shear, clip); שַׁרְבִיט (= scepter), enlarged from שֵׁבֶט (of s.m.); סַרֽעַפָּה (= branch), enlarged from סֽעַפָּה (of s.m.); שַׂרְעַפִּים (= thoughts), enlarged from שֽׂעִפִּים (of s.m.). Sometimes ר is assimilated to the following consonant; so כִּרֽכַּר becomes כִּכָּר (see כִּכָּר ᴵ, כִּכָּר ᴵᴵ, כִּכָּר ᴵᴵᴵ).

◌ָר PBH suff. forming nomina opificum. [From the ending of סַנֽדְּלָר (= sandal maker), from Gk. sandalarios. Hence ◌ָר properly corresponds to Gk. suff. – arios, L. – ārius. Already in the time of the Talmud this ending was used as a suff. to form the noun חֲלִיטָר (= pastry maker) from חֲלִיטָה (= pastry). cp. סְמַרְטוּטָר.]

ראה to see.
    — Qal - רָאָה 1 he saw; 2 he looked at, beheld; 3 he perceived; 4 he conceived, understood; 5 he observed, considered, regarded; 6 he chose, approved of, preferred.
    — Niph. - נִרְאָה 1 was seen, was visible; 2 he appeared, showed himself; PBH 3 he appeared to be, seemed; PBH 4 was approved of.
    — Pu. - רֻאָה was seen (in the Bible occurring only Job 33:21).
    — Hith. - הִתְרָאָה 1 (pl.) they looked at each other; PBH 2 he showed himself, appeared; NH 3 he pretended, feigned.
    — Hiph. - הֶרֽאָה he caused to see, caused to look at, showed.
    — Hoph. - הָרְאָה 1 he was caused to see, was shown; 2 it was shown, was exhibited. [Related to Moabite, in the forms וארא, הראני, רית (= to see), Arab. ra’ā(y) (= he saw), BAram. רֵו, JAram. רֵיוָא (= appearance), OSArab. ראי and רא (= to see). The Aram. equivalent of Heb. רָאָה, etc., is חָזָה (see חזה).] Derivatives: רַאֲוָה, רָאוּי, רְאוּת, רֽאִיָּה, רֽאָיָה, רֵאָיוֹן, רְאִיּוּת, רוֹאוֹת, הֵרָאוּת, הַרֽאָיָה, הִתְרָאוּת, רְאִי ᴵ, רֽאִי ᴵᴵ, רֳאִי ᴵ, מַרְאֶה, מַרְאָה ᴵ, מַרְאָה ᴵᴵ, מָרְאֶה, מַרְאִית, מִרְאֶה. cp. תֹּאַר.

רָאָה f.n. vulture. [Another version for דָּאָה (q.v.).]

רֵאָה f.n. PBH lung, lungs. [Related to Aram. רֵיאָה, Syr. רָאֽתָה, Arab. riya — lung, lungs), Akka. irtu (= chest). These words prob. derive from base ורה, ירה — cp. לֵדָה (= birth), from ולד, ילד (= to bear, beget) — which appears in Arab. warā(y) (= he wounded someone in the lungs), wary (= pus in the lungs).]

רַאֲוָה f.n. sight, exhibition (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 28:17). [Properly, Qal inf. of רָאָה (= he saw). See ראה and first suff. ◌ָה. For other Qal infinitives with the ending ◌ָה see אַהֲבָה and words there referred to.] Derivative: רַאַוְתָן.

רָאוּי adj. worthy, fit, suitable. [Pass. part. of רָאָה (= he saw); see ראה. Properly loan translation of Aram. חָזֵי.

רַאֲוָנִי adj. NH a collateral form of רַאַוֽתָנִי.

רְאוּת f.n. seeing, sight (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 5:10). [From ראה.]

רַאַוְתָן m.n. NH exhibitionist. [Formed from רַאֲוָה (= sight), with suff. ◌תָן.] Derivatives: רַאַוֽתָנוּת, רַאַזֽתָנִי.

רַאַוְתָנוּת f.n. NH exhibitionism. [Formed from רַאַוְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

רַאַוְתָנִי adj. NH exhibitionistic. [Formed from רַאַוְתָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

רְאִי ᴵ m.n. (pl. רֽאָיִים) 1 mirror (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 37:18). NH 2 –scope (in compound words). [From ראה. cp. the first element in רְאִיקוֹלִי.]

רְאִי ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH appearance, aspect. [From ראה. cp. הֲרֵי.]

רֳאִי ᴵ m.n. 1 seeing, sight. 2 appearance, figure. [From ראה.]

רֳאִי ᴵᴵ m.n. excrement, dung (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Nah. 3:6). [A secondary form of רֽעִי ᴵᴵ.]

רְאִיָּה f.n. 1 seeing, looking. 2 appearance in the Temple in Jerusalem. 3 pollution, menstruation. [Verbal n. of רָאָה. See ראה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְאָיָה f.n. PBH evidence, proof. [Prob. shortened from הַרְאָיָה (= showing), verbal n. of הֶרְאָה (= he showed), Hiph. of ראה. The initial ה was mistaken for the article and accordingly dropped. For sense development cp. L. ēvidentia (= clearness; proof), which is formed from ē (= out of), and vidēre (= to see).]

רֵאָיוֹן m.n. (pl. רַאֲיוֹנוֹת) PBH 1 appearance in the Temple, pilgrimage to the Temple. NH 2 appointment for a meeting. NH 3 interview. [From ראה. For the ending see suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivative: ראין.

רִאְיוּן m.n. NH interview. [Verbal n. of רִאְיֵן. See ראין.]

רְאִיּוּת f.n. NH visibility. [Formed from ראה with suff. ◌וּת.]

ראין to interview.
    — Pi. - רִאְיֵן he interviewed.
    — Pu. - רֻאְיַן was interviewed. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from רֵאָיוֹן (= interview).] Derivatives: רְאִיוּן, מְרַאְיֵן, מְרֻאְיָן.

רְאִינֽוֹעַ m.n. NH cinematograph; movie(s). [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from רֽאִי (= scope; see רְאִי ᴵ), and נוֹעַ (= to move). cp. the second element in כֵּסְנוֹעַ, קוֹלְנוֹעַ.] Derivative: רֽאִינוֹעִי.

רְאִינוֹעִי adj. cinematographic. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from רֽאִינוֹעַ and suff. ◌ִי.]

רְאִיקוֹלִי adj. NH audio-visual. [Formed from רְאִי ᴵ (= –scope), קוֹל (= sound, voice), and suff. ◌ִי.]

ראם to rise, be high.
    — Qal - רָאַם rose, was high (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 14:10 in the form רָאֲמָה). [A secondary form of רום.]

רְאֵם (also רְאֵים and רֵים) m.n. buffalo, wild ox. [Related to Aram. רֽאֵמָא, רֵימָא, רֵימָנָא Syr. רַיֽמָא (= wild ox, buffalo), Ugar. rm, Akka. rīmu, Arab. ri’m (= white antelope).]

רָאמָה f.n. a kind of a precious stone (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 27:16 and Job 28:18, in the pl. רָאמוֹת). [Of uncertain origin; usually rendered by ‘coral’. Some scholars connect it with Arab. ra’ma (= seashell).]

רָאמוֹת adj. pl. high things (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 24:7). [Prob. another spelling for רָמוֹת (= high things). See רָם.]

רֹאשׁ ᴵ m.n. 1 head. 2 chief, leader. 3 top, summit. 4 beginning. 5 division, part, section. 6 number, sum. 7 principal, capital. NH 8 basis, foundation. [Related to Phoen. ראשׁ, רֹא, BAram. רֵאשׁ, JAram.–Syr. רֵישָׁא, Egypt.–Arab. ראש, Ugar. rish, Arab. ra’s, Ethiop. re’s, Akka. rīshu, rāshu (= head). For words in the IE languages traceable to Heb. רֹאשׁ ᴵ or Arab. ra’s see ‘race’ (= tribe), ‘rais’ and ‘reis’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: רֹאשָׁה, רִאשׁוֹן, רָאשִׁי, רֵאשִׁית, רֹאשִׁישׁ, רֹאשָׁן, רָאשׁוּת ᴵ, מְרַאֲשׁוֹת. cp. רֵישׁ ᴵ, רֵישׁ ᴵᴵ and רֵישָׁא, רֵישָׁה. cp. also the second element in סָרִיס.

ראשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. (also spelt רוֹשׁ) venom. [Of unknown etymology.]

רֹאשָׁה f.n. top, (from אֶבֶן הָרֹאשָׁה, ‘the topmost stone’ — a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 4:7). [From רֹאשׁ (= head). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

רִאשׁוֹן adj. 1 first. 2 former, previous. 3 superior. [Formed with adj. suff. ◌וֹן from רֹאשׁ (= head) through dissimilation of the vowels ō–ō to ī–ō. For other words formed through vowel dissimilation cp. חִיצוֹן and words there referred to.] Derivatives: רִאשׁוֹנָה, רִאשׁוֹנוּת, רִאשׁוֹנִי.

רִאשׁוֹנָה adv. 1 first, before. 2 in the first place. [Adverbial use of the f. of רִאשׁוֹן.]

רִאשׁוֹנוּת f.n. MH 1 antiquity. NH 2 preference, priority. [Formed from רִאשׁוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

רִאשׁוֹנִי adj. 1 first (in this sense it is a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 25:1). NH 2 primary, original. [Formed from רִאשׁוֹן (= first) with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רִאשׁוֹנִיּוּת.

רִאשׁוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 antiquity. 2 primacy, originality. [Formed from רִאשׁוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רָאשׁוּת f.n. PBH headship, primacy. [Formed from רֹאשׂ (= head), with suff. ◌וּת. cp. רָשׁוּת ᴵ.]

רַאֲשׁוֹת see מְרַאֲשׁוֹת.

רָאשִׁי adj. MH 1 chief, principal. 2 main, primary. [Formed from רֹאשׁ (= head, chief), with suff. ◌ִי.]

רֹאשִׁיָּה f.n. NH 1 headpiece in the harness of an animal. 2 heading, header (term in football). [Formed from רֹאשׂ (= head), with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

רָאשִׁיוּת f.n. NH leadership. [Formed from רֹאשִׁיָּה with suff. ◌וּת.]

רֹאשִׁישׁ m.n. NH 1 a small head. 2 capitulum (anatomy). [Dimin. formed from רֹאשׁ (= head), through reduplication of the third radical.]

רֵאשִׁית f.n. 1 beginning. 2 first fruits. 3 choice, best part. [For רְאֵשׁית. Formed from רֹאשׁ (= head) with suff. ◌ִית. Influenced in form by its antonym אַחֲרִית (= end). cp. Syr. רַאשִׁיתָא (= beginning), which is the exact equivalent.] Derivative: רֵאשִׁיתִי.

רֵאשִׁיתִי adj. NH primitive. [Formed from רֵאשִׁית with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רֵאשִׁיתִיּוּת.

רֵאשִׁיתִיּוּת f.n. NH primitiveness. [Formed from רֵאשִׁיתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רֹאשָׁן m.n. NH tadpole. [Lit.: ‘large-headed’; formed from רֹאשׁ (= head), with suff. ◌ָן.]

רָאתָן m.n. NH (also spelt רָתָן) unidentified disease. [Of unknown origin.]

רַב ᴵ adj. 1 much, many. 2 large, great. 3 mighty. 4 abounding, abundant. 5 honored, important. [From רבב ᴵ, whence also BAram. and Aram.–Syr. רַב, רַבָּא, Ugar. rb (= much, many). cp. רַבָּא.] Derivatives: רַבָּתִי ᴵ, רַבַּת, רַבִּיב. cp. the first element in רַבְגּוֹנִי, רַבְצֽדָדִי, רַבֽצַלְעוֹן, רַבֽקוֹלִי.

רַב ᴵᴵ adv. enough. [From רַב ᴵ.]

רַב ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. רַבִּים, also רַבּוֹת and רַבָּנִים) 1 lord, chief. PBH 2 master. PBH 3 teacher. PBH 4 ‘Rabbi’ — title of the Babylonian Amoraim. NH 5 ‘rabbi’ — spiritual head of a congregation. (The pl. is רַבִּים for sense 1, רַבּוֹת for senses 2, 3, 4 — used only with the possessive suffixes, as רַבּוֹתַי - and רַבָּנִים for sense 5.) [From רב ᴵ. cp. Aram.-Syr. רַב, רַבָּא (= prince, chief, captain, master, teacher), Ugar. rb (= chief), Akka. rabu (= chief). Arab. rabb (= lord, God) is probably an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: רַב◌, רַבִּי, רַבָּן, רַבֵּנוּ. cp. the first element in רַבְשָׁקֵה.

רַב ᴵⱽ m.n. bowman, archer. [From רבב ᴵᴵ.]

רַב◌ NH combining form serving to form compound words denoting various military ranks in the Israeli army as רַב־סַמָּל (= sergeant-major), רַב־סֶרֶן (= major). [From רַב ᴵᴵᴵ (= chief).]

רֹב m.n. (pl. רֻבִּים) 1 multitude. 2 great quantity, abundance. 3 majority. [Properly inf. of רָבַב; see רבב ᴵ.] Derivatives: רֻבִּי, רֻבָּנִי.

רַבָּא, רַבָּה adj. PBH (f. רַבּֽתָא or רַבָּתִי) large, great, important. [Aram., (= Heb. רַב ᴵ). cp. רַבָּתִי ᴵᴵ.]

רֻבָּא m.n. PBH 1 multitude. 2 great quantity. [Aram. (= Heb. רֹב).]

רבב ᴵ to be or become many or much, to be or become great.
    — Qal - רַב (formed from רבה) was much, was great.
    — Pi. - רִבֵּב he increased by ten thousand.
    — Pu. - רֻבַּב was increased by ten thousand (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 144:13 in the f. pl. part. מֽרֻבָּבוֹת).
    — Hiph. - הִרְבִּיב he increased by ten thousand. (The Pi., Pu. and Hiph. are denominated from רְבָבָה).
    — Shiph. (see . - שׁרבב ).
    — Pilp. (see . - רברב ). [Related to Aram. רְבַב, Syr. רַב (= was or became great), Arab. rabba (= he reared, increased; orig. ‘he made thick or dense’), Ethiop. rababa (= it expanded, spread). Related to base רבה ᴵ.] Derivatives: רַב ᴵ, רַב ᴵᴵ, רַב ᴵᴵᴵ, רֹב, רֽבָבָה, רִבּוֹ, רִבּוֹא, רִבּוֹן, רַבִּי, רַבָּן ᴵ, רַבָּן ᴵᴵ, מֵרַב, מְרֻבָּב. cp. רֽבִיבִים, רֵבָּא, אַדְרַבָּא. cp. also שׁרבב.

רבב ᴵᴵ to shoot.
    — Qal - רַב, רָבַב (= he shot). [cp. the collateral base רבה ᴵᴵ. Prob. related to Akka. rabbu (= the Archer — name of a constellation).]

רבב ᴵᴵᴵ to make rain.
    — Pi. - רִבֵּב he made rain. Hiph. הִרְבִּיב MH (of s.m.). [Denominated from רְבִיבִים.]

רבב ᴵⱽ to grease, to soil, to stain.
    — Pi. - רִבֵּב PBH 1 he greased; NH 2 he soiled, stained.
    — Pu. - רֻבַּב was greased.
    — Hiph. - הִתְרַבֵּב (of s.m.). [Denominated from רְבָב (q.v.).] Derivative: רָבוּב.

רֽבָב m.n. PBH 1 grease, fat. 2 grease spot, stain. [According to some scholars derived from רבב ᴵ in the original sense ‘to be thick’. cp. Arab. rubb (= thick juice). cp. רְבָד.] Derivative: רבב ᴵⱽ.

רְבָבָה f.n. ten thousand, myriad. [From רבב ᴵ, hence lit. meaning ‘a great quantity’. cp. Aram. רִבַּבְתָּא, Ugar. rbt, Arab. ribwa (= ten thousand), Ethiop. ’erbāb (= myriads). cp. the collateral form רִבּוֹא.] Derivative: רְבָבִית.

רְבָבִית f.n. NH one ten-thousandth part. [Formed from רְבָבָה with suff. ◌ִית.]

רבג prob. meaning ‘to heap up in disorder’.
    — Qal - רָבַג he heaped up in disorder. [Of unknown origin.]

רַבְגּוֹנוּת, רַבְגּוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH variegation, variegated appearance. [Formed from רַב (= much, many; see רַב ᴵ), גָּוֶן (= color), and suff. ◌וּת, resp. ◌ִיּוּת.] Derivative: רַבְגּוֹנִי.

רַבְגּוֹנִי adj. NH multicolored, variegated. [See רַבְגּוֹנוּת and suff. ◌ִי.]

רבד ᴵ to spread, lay out (bed or couch).
    — Qal - רָבַד he spread, laid out (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 7:16).
    — Niph. - נִרְבַּד was spread, was laid out.
    — Pi. - רִבֵּד 1 he spread, laid out; 2 he stratified.
    — Pu. - רֻבַּד 1 was spread, was laid out; 2 was stratified.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַבֵּד was stratified.
    — Hiph. - הִרְבִּיד he stratified. [Related to Arab. tarabbada (= became covered with clouds). cp. the collateral base רפד.] Derivatives: רָבִיד, רֹבֶד, רֶבֶד, רֽבֵדָה, רָבוּד, רִבּוּד, רְבִידָה, מַרֽבָד, מִרֽבָּד, מֽרֻבָּד, prob. also רְבָד.

רבד ᴵᴵ to put a necklace on someone’s neck.
    — Qal - רָבַד he put a necklace on someone’s neck; he decorated.
    — Niph. - נִרְבַּד 1 a necklace was put on someone’s neck; 2 he was decorated.
    — Hiph. - הִרֽבִּיד he put a necklace on someone’s neck, he decorated, praised someone. [Denominated from רביד.]

רֹֽבֶד m.n. PBH 1 a mosaic pavement. NH 2 a layer, stratum. [From רבד ᴵ.] Derivatives: רֽבֵדָה, רָבְדִּי.

רֶֽבֶד m.n. MH carpet. [From רבד ᴵ.]

רְבָד m.n. PBH a thick patch. [Another version for רְבָב. Prob. lit. meaning ‘something spread’, and derived from רבד ᴵ.]

רְבֵדָה f.n. NH terrace, cuesta (geology). [Formed from רֹבֶד with first suff. ◌ָה.]

רָבְדִּי adj. NH formed in layers, formed in strata. [Formed from רֹבֶד with suff. ◌ִי.]

רבה ᴵ to be or became much, many, or great.
    — Qal - רָבָה 1 was or became much, many, or numerous, multiplied; 2 was great; 3 became great.
    — Pi. - רִבָּה 1 he made large, increased; 2 he brought up, raised; PBH 3 he included by implication; 4 he lent on usury, made a profit; NH 5 he put into the plural, pluralized (grammar).
    — Pu. - רֻבָּה PBH 1 was made large, increased; MH 2 was brought up, was raised.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַבָּה 1 was increased; PBH 2 was included; 3 was brought up, was raised; NH 4 was put into the plural, was pluralized (grammar).
    — Hiph. - הִרְבָּה 1 he made much or many; 2 he multiplied, increased; 3 he widened, enlarged, extended. [Related to BAram. רֽבָה, Aram.–Syr. רֽבָא, Arab. rabā (= he grew, increased, was or became great), OSArab. רבי (= to grow, increase, be or become great), Akka. rabū (= to grow, increase, be or become great). cp. רבב ᴵ.] Derivatives: רִבּוּי, רְבִיָּה ᴵ, רִבְיוֹן, רַבְּיָן, רִבִּית, רוֹבֶה, הַרֽבֵּה, הַרְבָּיָה, הִתְרַבּוּת, מִרֽבָּה, מְרֻבָּה, מַרְבִּית, תַּרְבּוּת, תַּרְבִּית. cp. מֻרֽבִּית ᴵ, מֻרְבִּית ᴵᴵ. cp. also רְבוּתָא.

רכה ᴵᴵ to shoot. [Related to רבב ᴵᴵ, prob. also to רמה ᴵ.] — The Qal occurs only in the act. part. רֹבֶה, used as a noun meaning ‘bowman, archer’. Derivatives: רְבִיָּה ᴵᴵ, רוֹבֶה ᴵ.

רַבָּה see רַבָּא.

רִבָּה f.n. NH jam, jelly. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) on the analogy of Arab. rubb (= thickened juice of fruit), mirabb (= jam, preserved fruit). See רבב ᴵ.]

רִבּוֹ, רִבּוֹא f.n. (pl. רִבּוֹת and רִבּוֹאוֹת, dual רִבּוֹתַים) ten thousand. [cp. BAram. רִבּוֹ, JAram. רִבּוֹתָא, Syr. רִבּוֹ or רֶבּוּ, Palm. רבו. According to some scholars Heb. רִבּוֹ, resp. BAram. רִבּוֹ and Syr. רֶבּוֹ, are Phoen. loan words, properly the Phoen. pronunciation of רַבָּה (Phoen. וֹ = ◌ָה). According to others, however, Heb. רִבּוֹ is an aramaism. רִבּוֹ is a secondary form of רְבָבָה (q.v.).]

רָבוּב adj. NH soiled, stained. [From רבב ᴵⱽ.]

רְבוּבָה ᴵ f.n. PBH hollow, cavity. [Prob. a secondary form of נְבוּבָה. See נָבוּב and cp. רֽבוּבָה ᴵᴵ.]

רְבוּבָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH a tambourlike musical instrument. [From רבב = נבב (= to make hollow, hollow out; hence lit. meaning ‘a hollowed instrument’). cp. Arab. rabāb, rabāba (= ‘rebab’ — a stringed instrument of the Arabs resembling the fiddle). cp. ‘rebab’ in my CEDEL. cp. also רְבוּכָה ᴵ.]

רָבוּד adj. MH 1 spread, laid out. NH 2 stratified. [Pass. part. of רָבַד. See רבד ᴵ.]

רִבּוּד m.n. NH stratification. [Verbal n. of רִבֵּד, Pi. of רבד ᴵ.]

רִבּוּי m.n. PBH 1 increase, plenty. PBH 2 extension of scope, amplification. MH 3 rearing, raising. MH 4 plural. [Verbal n. of רִבָּה, Pi. of רבה ᴵ.]

רָבוּךְ adj. PBH mixed with hot water. [Qal part. of רָבַךְ. See רבך.]

רִבּוּךְ m.n. NH mixing with hot water. [Verbal n. of רִבֵּךְ, Pi. of רבך.]

רֶבוֹלוּצְיָה f.n. FW revolution. [Late L. revolūtiō (= return; revolution of the stars), from L. revolūtus, p. part. of revolvere (= to roll back, revolve), from re– (= back; again), and volvere (= to roll, roll along, turn about). See אֵיבוֹלוּצֽיָה.] Derivative: רֶבוֹלוּצֽיוֹנִי.

רֶבוֹלוּצְיוֹנִי adj. FW revolutionist, revolutionary. [Formed from רֶבוֹלוּצְיָה with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

רֶבוֹלוּצְיוֹנֶר m.n. FW revolutionist. [Fren. révolutionnaire, from révolution, from Late L. revolūtiō. See רֶבוֹלוּצְיָה. For the ending of révolutionnaire see suff. ‘–ary’ in my CEDEL.]

רִבּוֹן m.n. PBH master, lord, ruler. [Formed from רבב ᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן. cp. Aram. רִבּוֹן, רִבּוֹנָא (of s.m.). The form רִבּוֹן prob. developed from orig. רַבּוֹן. cp. רַבָּן.] Derivatives: רִבּוֹנוּת, רִבּוֹנִי.

רִבּוֹנוּת f.n. NH lordship, sovereignty. [Formed from רִבּוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

רִבּוֹנִי adj. NH sovereign. [Formed from רִבּוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רִבּוֹנִיּוּת.

רִבּוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH a collateral form of רִבּוֹנוּת. [Formed from רִבּוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רֶבּוּס m.n. FW rebus. [Fren. rébus, from L. rēbus (= by things). Orig. used in terms like rébus de Picardie, rébus d’Arras, i.e. ‘libels or satires composed in Picardy’, resp. ‘in Arras’, so called from the formula de rēbus quae geruntur, ‘of things that happen’. L. rēbus is the ablative pl. of rēs (= thing, object). cp. רֵיאָלִי and the first element in רֶפּוּבְּלִיקָה.]

רָבֽוּעַ adj. square (adj.). [Qal pass. part. of רבע ᴵ.] Derivative: רִבּוּעִי.

רִבּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 a square. MH 2 squaring of a number. [Verbal n. of רִבַּע, Pi. of רבע ᴵ.]

רִבּוּעִי adj. NH quadratic, square. [Formed from רִבּוּעַ with suff. ◌ִי.]

רָבוּץ adj. PBH lying. [Pass. part. of רָבַץ. See רבץ.]

רִבּוּץ ᴵ m.n. MH causing to lie down. [Verbal n. of רִבֵּץ, Pi. of רבץ.]

רִבּוּץ ᴵᴵ m.n. MH sprinkling (of streets). [Verbal n. of רִבֵּץ, Pi. of רבץ ᴵᴵ.]

רְבוּתָא, רְבוּתָה f.n. PBH something remarkable, a great thing. [BAram. and Aram. רְבוּתָא, Syr. רַבּוּתָא, emphatic st. of רֽבוּ (= greatness, importance, majesty, dignity), from רְבָא (= became or was great). See רבה ᴵ.]

רַבּוֹתַי m.n. pl. PBH my masters, my teachers. [Pl. of רַב (= master, teacher), with the pron. suff. of the first person in the singular. cp. רַבּוֹתֵינוּ.]

רַבּוֹתֵינוּ m.n. pl. PBH our masters, our teachers. [Pl. of רַב (= master, teacher), with the pron. suff. of the first person in the pl. cp. רַבּוֹתַי. cp. also רַבָּנָן.]

רַבָּט m.n. FW rebate, discount. [Fren. rabat, back formation from rabattre, from rabattre (= to beat down), from re– (= back, again), and abattre (= to beat down), from VL * abbatere, from ab– (see אַבְּ◌), and batere (= to beat, strike), from IE base * bhat– (= to beat, strike). cp. ‘batter’ (v.), and ‘bat’ (v.) in my CEDEL.]

רַבָּ״ט m.n. NH corporal (army). [Abbr. of רַב־טוּרַאי; see רַב◌ and טוּרַאי.]

רַפִּי m.n. (pl. רַבִּיִּים) PBH 1 a title given to the Tannaim and the Palestinian Amoraim. PBH 2 surname of Rabbi Judah Hannasi (135–219). MH 3 a title given to Jewish religious scholars in general. NH 4 title of a Hasidic leader. [Lit.: ‘my master’, ‘my leader’. Formed from רַב (= master, teacher), with the pron. suff. of the first person singular.]

רֻבִּי adj. MH pertaining to a majority, constituting a majority. [Formed from רֹב (= multitude; majority), with suff. ◌ִי.]

רַבִּיב m.n. NH major scale (music). [Formed from רַב ᴵ (= great), through reduplication of the ב.]

רְבִיבִים m.n. pl. copious showers. [From רבב ᴵ in the sense ‘to be numerous, be abundant’. Some scholars derive רְבִיבִים and Ugar. rbb (= drizzling rain) from רבב ᴵᴵ (= to shoot), and explain it as ‘rain pouring forth like arrows’. Many others connect רְבִיבִים and Ugar. rbb with ‘sheep’, in allusion to their sheeplike form, and refer to Arab. rabība (= sheep, lamb). For sense development cp. שָׂעִיר ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: רבב ᴵᴵᴵ.

רָבִיד m.n. necklace, chain (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 41:42 and Ezek. 16:11). [From רבד ᴵ (= to lay); prob. so called in allusion to the links of the necklace laid upon one another.]

רְבִיָּה ᴵ f.n. PBH increase. [Verbal n. of רָבָה ᴵ. See רבה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ִה.]

רְבִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH shooting. [From רבה ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

רֶבְיוּ m.n. FW review. [Fren. revue, properly subst. use of the f. p. part. of revoir (= to see again), from L. revidēre. See רֶבִיזְיָה.]

רִבְיוֹן m.n. MH increase, multiplication. [Formed from רבה ᴵ with first suff. ◌וֹן.]

רֶבִיזוֹר m.n. FW inspector. [From L. revīsus, p. part. of revidēre. See רֶבִיזֽיָה. For the ending of רֶבִיזוֹר see suff. ‘–or’ in my CEDEL.]

רֶבִיזְיָה f.n. FW revision. [Late L. revīsiō (= a seeing again), from L. revīsus, p. part. of revidēre (= to see again), which is formed from re- (= back; again), and vidēre (= to see). See וִיזָה and cp. רֶבֽיוּ. cp. also רֶבִיזוֹר.] Derivatives: רֶבִיזְיוֹנִיזְם, רֶבִיזִיוֹנִיסֽט.

רֶבִיזְיוֹנִיזְם m.n. FW Revisionism. [Formed from Late L. revisiō (see רֶבִיזְיָה) with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

רֶבִיזְיוֹנִיסְט m.n. FW Revisionist. [Formed from Late L. revīsiō (see רֶבִיזְיָה), with suff. ◌ִיסֽט.]

רְבִיכָה f.n. PBH mixing with hot water. [From רבך. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

רַבְּיָן m.n. NH livestock breeder. [Formed from רִבָּה, Pi. of רבה ᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

רְבֵיעַ ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 a quarter. MH 2 a quadrant (geometry). [From רבע ᴵ; a secondary form of רֶבַע.]

רְבֵיעַ ᴵᴵ m.n. MH Rabi‘a — name of a disjunctive accent placed above the word; its form is ◌֗. [Aram\. from רְבַע (= it lay stretched out). Perhaps derived from רבע ᴵᴵ, and so called because it is lying above the stressed syllable.]

רְבִיעָה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 mating (of an animal). 2 sodomy. [Verbal n. of רָבַע. See רבע ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה, and cp. רֽבִיעָה ᴵᴵ.]

רֽבִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH rainfall, rainy season. [Prob. verbal n. of רָבַע (see רבע ᴵᴵ) and lit. meaning ‘that which causes the earth to bring forth’. A similar metaphor appears Is. 55:10: כִּי כַּאֲשֶׁר יֵרֵד הַגֶּשֶׁם וֽהַשֶּׁלֶג מִן הַשָּׁמַיִם וִשָׁמָּה לֹא יָשׁוּב כִּי אִם הִרֽוָה אֶת הָאָרֶץ וְהוֹלִידָהּ וֽהִצְמִיחָהּ (= For as the rain comes down, and the snow from heaven, and returns not thither, except it waters the earth and makes it bring forth and bud). Accordingly רֽבִיעָה ᴵᴵ is derivatively identical with רְבִיעָה ᴵ cp. Arab. rabī (name of the third and fourth month of the year, lit.: ‘spring time’), from raba‘a (= he abode, dwelled), equivalent to Heb. רָבַץ (= to lay down, lay stretched out). At any rate, the base רבע ᴵᴵ is related to base רבץ. cp. רְבִיעִית ᴵᴵ.]

רְבִיעוֹן m.n. NH Quaternary (geology). [Formed from רֽבִיעִי (= fourth), with suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivative: רְבִיעוֹנִי.

רְבִיעוֹנִי adj. NH quaternary (geology). [Formed from רֽבִיעוֹן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

רְבִיעִי adj. 1 fourth. PBH 2 the fourth person called to the reading of the ‘Torah’ in the synagogue. [From אַרְבַּע. cp. BAram. רֽבִיעָי, Aram. רֽבִיעַי, רֽבִיעַאי, רֽבִיעָאָה, Syr. רְבִיעָיָא, Akka. rebū.] Derivatives: רֽבִיעוֹן, רֽבָיעִיָּה, רֽבִיעִית ᴵ.

רְבִיעִיָּה f.n. NH 1 a group of four, quartet. 2 quadruplets. [Formed from רֽבִיעִי (= fourth), with first suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

רְבִיעִית ᴵ f.n. 1 one-fourth, a quarter. PBH 2 a liquid measure, the fourth of a ‘log’. [Subst. use of the f. of רֽבִיעִי (= fourth).]

רְבִיעִית ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH rainfall, rainy season. [A secondary form of רֽבִיעָה ᴵᴵ.]

רְבִיצָה f.n. PBH lying down, crouching, bending. [Verbal n. of רָבַץ. See רבץ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רִבִּית f.n. PBH (pl. רִבִּיּוֹת) interest (on a loan). [Formed from רִבָּה, Pi. of רבה ᴵ, with suff. ◌ִית. cp. Aram. רִבָּיתָא, Syr. רֶבִּיתָא (= interest, usury), Arab. rabā (= he took usury), ribban (= interest, usury), Akka. rabū (= to grow — said of interest or usury), ribītu (= interest, usury), and cp. מַרֽבִּית and תַּרֽבִּית ᴵ.]

רבך to mix, stir; esp. ‘to mix with hot water or with oil’.
    — Hiph. - הִרֽבִּיךְ he mixed with hot water or with oil.
    — Hoph. - הֻרֽבַּךְ was mixed with hot water or with oil (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 6:14; 7:12, and Chron. I 23:29). [Related to Arab. rabaka (= he mixed, mingled, muddled, entangled, complicated), JAram. רְבִיכָא (= mixed), Akka. rabāku (= to mix, stir).] — The Qal occurs only in the form of the pass. part. (see רָבוּךְ). Derivatives: רָבוּךְ, רִבּוּךְ, רֽבִיכָה, הַרֽבָּכָה, מֻרֽבָּךְ, תַּרֽבּוּכָה, תַּרֽבָּיךְ, תִּרְבֹּכֶת.

רַבְכַּמּוּתִי adj. NH of large quantity, numerous. [Formed from רַב (= much, many; see רַב ᴵ), כַּמּוּת (= quantity), and suff. ◌ִי.]

רַבָּן ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 distinguishing title given to patriarchs and the presidents of the Sanhedrin since the time of Gamaliel the Elder, who was the first to bear this title. NH 2 champion (sports). [Aram., lit.: ‘our teacher’, from רַב (= master, teacher), and the possessive suff. of the first person pl., hence רַבָּן is the exact equivalent of Heb. רַבֵּנוּ (q.v.). cp. רַבָּן ᴵᴵ.]

רַבָּן ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH teacher (used in the phrase תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן, ‘pupils, school-children’). [Aram., lit. meaning ‘their teacher’, so that, in contradistinction to רַבָּן ᴵ, the ◌ָן here is the possess. suff. of the third person pl. Accordingly, תִּינוֹקוֹת שֶׁל בֵּית רַבָּן lit. means ‘children of the house of their teacher’. See רַב ᴵᴵ.]

רַבָּנָאוּת f.n. NH championship. [Formed from רַבָּן (= champion; see רַבָּן ᴵ), with suff. ◌וּת.]

רַבֵּנוּ m.n. PBH our master (a title given esp. to Moses). [Formed from רַב ᴵᴵ, with the pron. suff. of first person in the pl. cp. רַבָּן.]

רַבָּנוּת f.n. PBH 1 Rabbinate. 2 leadership, authority, superiority. [Formed from רַבָּן ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

רַבָּנִי adj. & n. MH 1 Rabbanite (as opposed to Karaite). MH 2 learned, scholarly. NH 3 rabbinical. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from רַב, pl. רַבָּנִים (= rabbi).] Derivative: רַבָּנִית.

רֻבָּנִי adj. NH of a majority, based on the majority. [Formed from רֹב (= multitude; majority), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

רַבָּנִית f.n. MH rabbi’s wife. [Subst. use of the f. of רַבָּנִי.]

רַבָּנָן m.n. pl. PBH the Rabbis. [Aram., pl. of רַבָּן; see רַבָּן ᴵ.]

רִבָּס m.n. NH rhubarb; Rheum (a genus of plants). [Arab. rībās.]

רבע ᴵ to square, quadruple, quadrate.
    — Pi. - רִבַּע PBH 1 he made a quadrilateral; PBH 2 he did something four times; NH 3 he divided into four; NH 4 he squared (a member); NH 5 he multiplied by four.
    — Pu. - רֻבַּע was squared (in the Bible occurring only in the form of the part. (see מְרֻבָּע).
    — Hith. - הִתְרַבַּע MH 1 was made into a quadrilateral; MH 2 was divided into four; NH 3 was done four times. [Base of אַרֽבַּע (= four).] — The Qal occurs only in the act. part. (see רָבוּעַ). Derivatives: רֶבַע ᴵ, רֹבַע ᴵ, רִבֵּעַ, רְבָעִי, רִבּוּעַ, רַבְעִית.

רבע ᴵᴵ PBH to lie stretched out, lie down.
    — Qal - רָבַע 1 he lay stretched out (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 139:3); 2 he lay with, mated an animal (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 20:16 in the phrase לְרִבֽעָה אֹתָהּ and Lev. 18:23 in the form לֽרִבֽעָהּ); PBH 3 he mated (animals); PBH 4 she was mated (by an animal); PBH 5 he fructified (the soil).
    — Niph. - נִרְבַּע נִרֽבְּעָה was mated with (said of an animal).
    — Hiph. - הִרֽבִּיעַ 1 he caused to mate, copulated; MH 2 he fructified (the soil).
    — Hoph. - הֻרֽבְּעָה was caused to mate (said of animals). [An Aram. base, equivalent to Heb. רָבַץ (= he stretched himself out, lay down; see רבץ). In Heb. it usually refers to copulation, mostly unnatural. Arab. raba‘a and OSArab. רבע, however, mean ‘he abode, settled’.] Derivatives: רֶבַע ᴵᴵ, רֹבַע ᴵᴵ, רֽבִיעָה ᴵ, רְבִיעָה ᴵᴵ, הַרְבָּעָה, מִרֽבַּעַת.

רֶֽבַע ᴵ m.n. 1 the fourth part, one quarter. 2 side of a square. [From רֶבַע ᴵ. cp. Aram. רִבֽעָא, Syr. רֶבֽעָא (= the fourth part, one quarter). cp. also רְבָעָה, רִבֽעָה, רִבֽעזֹן.]

רֶֽבַע ᴵᴵ m.n. lying down (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 139:3 in the form רִבְעִי). [Properly suff. Qal inf. of רבע ᴵᴵ.]

רֹֽבַע ᴵ m.n. 1 the fourth part (Kin. II 6:25). 2 the fourth part of a ‘kab’ (short for הַקַּב רֹבַע). NH 3 quarter (of a city). NH 4 quadrant (astronomy). [From רבע ᴵ. cp. רוּבֽעָא, JAram. and Syr. רוּבֽעָא, Arab. rub‘ (= the fourth part, a quarter). cp. also רֶבַע ᴵ.]

רֹֽבַע ᴵᴵ m.n. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 23:10; prob. meaning ‘dust, sand, ashes’; lit.: ‘that which sinks down or settles down’, and derived from רבע ᴵᴵ.) [cp. Samaritan Targum, Gen. 18:27, rendering וֽאָנֹכִי עָפָר וָאֵפֶר (= I am but dust and ashes), with ואנא קטם ורבוע; whence רבוע means ‘ashes’. cp. also Arab. ghubār, ghubra (= dust).]

רִבֵּֽעַ m.n. one of the fourth generation; great great grandchild (in the Bible, a pl. tantum, occurring Ex. 20:5; 34:7; Num. 14:18; Deut. 5:9). [From רבע ᴵ.]

רִבְעָה f.n. PBH one quarter of a denar. [Formed from רֶבַע ᴵ, with first suff. ◌ַה.]

רְבָעָה f.n. NH group of four, quartet. [Formed from רֶבַע ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

רִבְעוֹן m.n. NH quarterly (periodical). [Coined on the analogy of עִתּוֹן (= journal), from רֶבַע (= quarter). For the ending see subst. suff. ◌וֹן.]

רְבָעִי adj. PBH of the fourth year (of planting). [A secondary form of רֽבִיעִי (= fourth). cp. שֽׁלָשִׁי, חֲמָשִׁי.]

רַבְעִית f.n. NH quartet (music). [Formed from רבע ᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

רבץ ᴵ to stretch oneself out, lie down (said of animals).
    — Qal - רָבַץ he stretched himself out, lay down (said of animals).
    — Hiph. - הִרֽבִּיץ 1 he caused to lie down; 2 he lay in, set (with stones); PBH 3 he disseminated; NH 4 (colloq.) he struck, beat, spanked.
    — Hoph. - הֻרְבַּץ was made to lie down.
    — Pi. - רִבֵּץ PBH 1 he sprinkled, scattered; MH 2 he lay in, set; PBH 3 he disseminated.
    — Pu. - רֻבַּץ was laid in, was set.
    — Hith. - הִתֽרַבֵּץ (of s.m.). [Related to Aram. רֶבַע (= he lay stretched out, lay down), Syr. רְבַע (= he lay down; see רבע ᴵᴵ), Ugar. trbṣ (= couch), Arab. rabaḍa (= he lay down; he lay on the breast, stretched himself out), Akka. rabāṣu (= to lie, dwell), tarbāṣu (= courtyard), whence JAram. תַּרְבִּיצָא, Syr. תַּרֽבָּצָא (= forecourt, entry). See תַּרְבִּיץ.] Derivatives: רֶבָץ, רַבּֽצָן, רָבוּץ, רִבּוּץ ᴵ, רֽבִיצָה, הַרְבָּצָה ᴵ, מַרְבֵּץ, מִרְבָּץ ᴵ, מִרֻבָּץ ᴵ, תַּרְבִּיץ. cp. רְבִיעָה.

רבץ ᴵᴵ to flow; to cause to flow, sprinkle.
    — Hiph. - הִרְבִּיץ he sprinkled (esp. water on a street).
    — Hoph. - הֻרְבַּץ was sprinkled.
    — Pi. - רִבֵּץ he sprinkled.
    — Pu. - רֻבַּץ was sprinkled.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַבֵּץ was sprinkled. [Syr. רֽבַץ (= it overflowed, inundated; he sprinkled), Arab. rabaṣa, barbaṣa (= he wetted, moistened).] Derivatives: רִבּוּץ ᴵᴵ, הַרְבָּצָה ᴵᴵ, מֻרְבָּץ ᴵᴵ, מֽרֻבָּץ ᴵᴵ.

רֵֽבֶץ m.n. 1 place of laying down, lair, fold (for animals). 2 resting place (for men). [From רבץ ᴵ.]

רַבְצְדָדִי adj. NH many-sided, multilateral. [Formed from רַב (= much, many; see רַב ᴵ), and צְדָדִי (= sided).] Derivative: רַבֽצֽדָדִיּוּת.

רַבְצְדָדִיּוּת f.n. NH many-sidedness, multilaterality. [See רַבֽצְדָדִי and suff. ◌וּת.]

רִבְצָל m.n. PBH 1 perfume bag. NH 2 ampulla.

רַבְצַלְעוֹן m.n. NH polygon (geometry); lit.: ‘having many sides’. [Formed from רַב (= much, many; see רב ᴵ), צֵלָע (= rib), and suff. ◌וֹן.]

רַבְצָן m.n. PBH an animal that habitually lies down (under a load). [Formed from רָבַץ (see רבץ ᴵ) according to the pattern פַּעְלָן, which serves to form agential nouns.]

רבק to tie. [Related to Aram. רִבֽקָא (= stall; lit.: ‘tying place’), Arab. rabaqa (= he tied fast), ribqa, rabqa (= noose). Base of רִבֽקָה (= team), and מַרְבֵּק (= stall).]

רִבְקָה f.n. PBH team. [Formed from רבק with first suff. ◌ָה.]

רַבְקוֹלִי adj. NH polyphonic. [Formed from רַב (= much, many; see רב ᴵ), קוֹל (= sound, voice), and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רַבְקוֹלִיּוּת.

רַבְקוֹלִיּוּת f.n. NH polyphony. [Formed from רַבֽקוֹלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רברב to aggrandize.
    — Pilp. - רִבֽרֵב he aggrandized, magnified (back formation from הִתְרַבֽרֵב).
    — Hithpalp. - הִתְרַבֽרֵב he aggrandized himself, boasted. [Pilp., formed from רבב ᴵ. cp. Aram.–Syr. רַבְרֵב (= he aggrandized).] Derivatives: רַבֽרָב, הִתְרַבֽרְבוּת.

רַבְרָב m.n. PBH officer. [Reduplication of רַב (= lord; see רַב ᴵᴵ). cp. רַבֽרֽבָא and רַבְרֽבָן.]

רַבְרְבָא adj. PBH (pl. רַבֽרְבִין or רַבְרְבַיָּא) great. [Aram., reduplication of רַב. See רב ᴵ and cp. רַבֽרָב and רַבֽרְבָן.]

רַבְרְבָן adj. NH proud, one who assumes greatness. [Formed through reduplication of רַב (= great; see רַב ᴵ). For the ending see second suff. ◌ָן. cp. BAram. (pl.) רַבֽרְבָנִין (= officers), formed through reduplication of רַב (= lord, master; see רַב ᴵᴵ) and second suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: רַבְרְבָנוּת, רַבְרְבָנִי.

רַבְרְבָנוּת f.n. NH boastfulness, vainglory. [Formed from רַבֽרֽבָן with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. רַבֽרֽבָנוּתָא.]

רַבְרְבָנִי adj. NH boastful, vainglorious. [Formed from רַבֽרֽבָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

רַבְרֶֽגֶל m.n. NH Polypodium (a genus of plants). [Lit.: ‘many-footed’. Formed from רַב (= much, many; see רַב ᴵ), and רֶגֶל (= foot). Properly loan translation of L. polypodium (= polypody), from Gk. polypodion, which is compounded of poly (= much), and podus, gen. podos (= foot).]

רַבְשָׁקֵה m.n. title of the Assyrian dignitary who treated with Hezekiah, king of Judah (see Kin. II 18, and Is. 36). [Akka. rab-shāqū, which, according to some scholars, denotes ‘the chief officer’ or ‘captain’, from rab (= chief), and shāqū, pl. of shāqē (= high). According to other scholars the meaning of Akka. rab-shāqū is ‘chief cupbearer’. For Akka. rab see רַב ᴵ and רַב ᴵᴵ and cp. the first element in רַב־מָג. Akka. shāqū (= high) is of unknown etymology. Akka. shāqū (= cupbearer), derives from shaqū (= to give to drink), which is related to Heb. הִשֽׁקָה (= he gave to drink). See שׁקה. See ‘sakia’ in my CEDEL.]

רַבַּת adv. much, abundantly, exceedingly. [Prob. an aramaism. cp. Syr. רַבַּת, רֶבַּת. See רַב ᴵ.]

רַבְּתָא f. adj. great. [Aram.; cp. the secondary form רַבָּתִי and see רַבָּתִי ᴵᴵ.]

רַבָּֽתִי ᴵ f. adj. great, mighty (this form occurs in the Bible only twice, Lam. 1:1 in the phrases רַבָּתִי עָם and רַבָּתִי בַגּוֹיִם). [Enlarged form of רַבַּת, c. st. of the adj. רַבָּה, f. of רַב (= much, many). cp. רַבָּתִי ᴵᴵ.]

רַבָּתֵי ᴵᴵ adj. PBH large, capital (said of a letter). [Aram., f. of רַב, רַבָּא (= large, great), a secondary form of רַבּֽתָא. See רַב ᴵ. The form is used because the names of the letters are f. in Heb. and in Aram. cp. רַבָּתִי ᴵ.]

רֶֽגֶב m.n. clod. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to base רגם (= to stone).] Derivatives: רגב, רַגֽבּוּבִית.

רגב to make clods.
    — Pi. - רִגֵּב he made clods.
    — Pu. - רֻגַּב was made into clods. [Denominated from רֶגֶב.]

רַגְבּוּבִית f.n. NH small lump of earth. [Dimin. formed from רֶגֶב through reduplication of the ב and suff. ◌ִית.]

רַגְבִּי m.n. FW Rugby. [Eng. Rugby, also Rugby football, so called from the system of football first played at Rugby School in Warwickshire.]

רגג to desire, covet. [Borrowed from Aram. רֽגַג (= he desired, coveted), which is related to Syr. רַג (of s.m.), and to Arab. rajja (= he shook, rocked), rujja (= was shaken, trembled).] Derivatives: רֶגֶג, רִגּוּג, רָגִיג. cp. שִׁרְגֵּג, שִׁרֻגּוּג.

רֶֽגֶג m.n. MH desire, coveting. [From רגג.]

רָגוּ m.n. FW ragout. [Fren. ragoût, back formation from ragoûter (= to revive one’s appetite), from re– (= back, again), ā (= to), and goûter, from L. gustāre (= to taste, enjoy), which derives from IE base * geus–, *gus– (= to taste, enjoy by tasting).]

רִגּוּג m.n. MH coveting, longing for, desire. [Verbal n. of רִגֵּג. cp. Aram. רִגּוּגָא (pl. רִגּוּגִין) (of s.m.), and see רגג.]

רָגוּז adj. MH angry. [Pass. part. of רָגַז. See רגז.]

רִגּוּז m.n. NH anger. [Verbal n. of רִגֵּז, Pi. of רגז.]

רָגוּל adj. PBH tied by the hind legs. [From רֶגֶל (= foot). cp. Arab. rajala (= he tied the legs of an animal).]

רִגּוּל m.n. MH spying; espionage. [Verbal n. of רִגֵּל (= he spied), Pi. of רָגַל (= he slandered). See רגל ᴵ.]

רֶגוּלוּס m.n. FW Regulus (a first magnitude star in the constellation Leo). [A corruption of the Arab. name of this star rijl al-asad (= paw of the lion). Arab. rijl (= foot, paw) is related to Heb. רֶגֶל (= foot). See רֶגֶל ᴵ.]

רֶגוּלָטוֹר m.n. FW regulator. [From L. rēgulātus, p. part. of rēgulāre (= to regulate), from rēgula (= a straight piece of wood, ruler, rule), which is related to regere (= to keep straight, lead, direct, rule). See רֶקֽטוֹר.]

רֶגוּלַצְיָה f.n. FW regulation. [From L. rēgulātus, p. part. of rēgulāre. See רֶגוּלָטוֹר and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

רֶגוּלָרִי adj. FW regular. [L. rēgulāris (= pertaining to a bar or ruler; containing rules), from rēgula. See רֶגוּלָטוֹר and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רֶגוּלָרִיּוּת.

רֶגוּלָרִיּוּת f.n. FW regularity. [Formed from רֶגוּלָרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רִגּוּם m.n. NH mortaring. [Verbal n. of רִגֵּם (= he mortared), Pi. of רגם.]

רִגּוּן m.n. MH murmuring, complaint. [Verbal n. of רִגֵּן, Pi. of רגן.]

רָגֽוּעַ ᴵ adj. MH MH 1 relaxed. NH 2 calm, tranquil. [Pass. part. of רָגַע. See רגע ᴵ.]

רָגְוּעַ ᴵᴵ adj. MH stormy (said of a sea). [Pass. part. of רָגַע. See רגע ᴵᴵ.]

רָגוּשׁ adj. MH excited. [Pass. part. of רָגַשׁ. See רגשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

רִגּוּשׁ m.n. PBH 1 excitement. NH 2 emotion. [Verbal n. of רִגֵּשׁ, Pi. of רגשׁ ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: רִגּוּשִׁי.

רִגּוּשִׁי adj. NH emotional. [Formed from רִגּוּשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רִגּוּשִׁיּוּת.

רִגּוּשִׁיּוּת f.n. NH emotionalism. [Formed from רִגּוּשִׁי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רגז to be agitated, be excited, quake.
    — Qal - רָגַז 1 was agitated, was excited, quaked; 2 was sorry.
    — Niph. - נִרְגַּז was agitated, was excited, was angry.
    — Pi. - רִגֵּז he irritated, enraged, made angry.
    — Pu. - רֻגַּז was irritated, was enraged, was made angry.
    — Hith. - הִתֽרַגֵּז he excited himself, got excited (in the Bible occurring only Kin. II 19:27 and Is. 37:28 and 29).
    — Hiph. - הִרְגִיז 1 he caused to quake; 2 he irritated, enraged, made angry.
    — Hoph. - הֻרֽגַּז MH 1 was irritated, was enraged, was made angry; NH 2 was shaken, was made to tremble. [Related to JAram. and Syr. רְגַז (= trembled, was restless, was angry), Aram. רְגַז (= tremble, rage), Arab. irtajaza (= it thundered, roared, surged), rajaz (= a trembling disease of camels), OSAram. רגז (= anger, wrath). Prob. related to רגשׁ, perhaps also to רגע ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: רַגָּז, רֹגֶז, רַגֽזָן, רָגוּז, רִגּוּז, רָגִיז, רֽגִיזָה, רוֹגֵז, הַרְגָּזָה, הִתֽרַגּֽזוּת, יַרֽגָּזִי, נִרְגָּז, מֻרֽגָּז, מֽרֻגָּז, נִרֽגָּז.

רַגָּז adj. quivering, quaking (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 28:65). [From רגז.]

רֹֽגֶז m.n. 1 agitation, excitement. 2 anger, wrath. [From רגז. Whence also Aram. or Syr. רוּגֽזָא. Arab. rujz (= wrath) is an Aram. or Syr. loan word.] Derivatives: רָגֽזָה, רֻגְזָה, רִגָּזוֹן, רוֹגֵז.

רָגְזָה f.n. NH) (רֻגְזָה in 1 quaking, trembling (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 12:18). 2 anger, wrath. [Formed from רגז with first suff. ◌ָה.]

רִגָּזוֹן m.n. NH (pl. רִגֽזוֹנוֹת) trembling, agitation. [Formed from רגז with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

רַגְזָן adj. & n. PBH bad-tempered, irascible; a bad-tempered or irascible person. [Formed from רָגַז (see רגז) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: רַגְזָנוּת, רַגֽזָנִי.

רַגְזָנוּת f.n. PBH bad temper, irritation, irascibility. [Formed from רַגֽזָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

רַגְזָנִי adj. MH bad-tempered. [Formed from רַגְזָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

רָגִיג adj. NH desired, coveted. [From Aram. רֽגִיג, רֽגִיגָא (of s.m.), from רְגַג (= he desired, coveted). See רגג.]

רִגְיוֹן m.n. PBH ‘Riggon’ — name of a legendary river. [Perhaps from Syr. רַגְיָא (= wet).]

רָגִיז adj. NH irritable. [Coined from רגז (= to be agitated, be excited), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: רֽגִיזוּת.

רְגִיזָה f.n. MH becoming angry, anger. [Verbal n. of רָגַז. See רגז and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְגִיזוּת f.n. NH irritability. [Formed from רָגִיז with suff. ◌וּת.]

רָגִיל adj. PBH 1 usual, common; customary; accustomed. 2 practiced, experienced, trained. [From רגל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: רְגִילוּת, רְגִילִית.

רְגִילָה f.n. MH espionage. [From רגל ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְגִילוּת f.n. MH 1 custom, habit. 2 practice. [Formed from רָגִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

רְגִילִית f.n. PBH something customary, usual. [Formed from רָגִיל with suff. ◌ִית.]

רְגִימָה f.n. PBH 1 stoning. NH 2 mortaring. [Verbal n. of רָגַם. See רגם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רֶגִ׳ימֶנְט m.n. FW regiment. [Fren. régiment, from Late L. regimentum (= direction, government), from regere (= to keep straight, lead straight, guide, lead, conduct, direct). See רֶקְטוֹר.]

רְגִינָה f.n. MH murmuring, grumbling, complaint. [From רגן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

רֶגִיסְטֶר m.n. FW register. [Fren. registre, from Med. L. registrum, a collateral form of regestum, from Late L. regesta (= list, catalog; lit.: ‘things carried back’), neuter pl. of regestus, p. part. regerere (= to carry back), from re– (= back, again), and gerere (= to bear, carry, produce, show, manifest, manage, rule, govern, accomplish, reform, do), which is of uncertain origin. See ‘gerent’ in my CEDEL.]

רֶגִיסְטְרַצְיָה f.n. FW registration. [Med. L. registrātiō, from registrātus, p. part. of registrāre. See רֶגִיסְטֶר and suff. ◌ֵצֽיָה.]

רֽגִיעָה ᴵ f.n. PBH relaxation, rest. [Verbal n. of רָגֵע. See רגע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְגִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH contraction, shrinkage. [Verbal n. of רָגַע ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רָגִישׁ adj. NH excitable, sensitive. [Coined from רגשׁ ᴵᴵ (= to be excited), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: רְגִישׁוּת.

רְגִישָׁה f.n. MH excitement. [From רגשׁ ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְגִישׁוּת f.n. NH excitability, sensitiveness. [Formed from רָגִישׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

רֶֽגֶל ᴵ f.n. (dual רַגֽלַיִם) 1 foot, leg. 2 base. 3 step. 4 foot (a measure). 5 a measure in prosody. [Related to BAram. רֽגַל, JAram. רַגֽלָא, Syr. רֶגֽלָא (= foot, leg), Arab. rijl, OSArab. רגל (= foot, leg), Ethiop. ’egr (= foot), Mand. לִיגֽרָא and נִיגֽלָא (= foot, leg).] Derivatives: רֶגָל ᴵᴵ, רגל ᴵ, רגל ᴵᴵ, רָגוּל, רַגֽלִי, רוֹגֽלִי, רוֹגֽלִית, רוֹגֽלָנִי, מַרֽגֽלוֹת, רִגֽלוּל, prob. also רֽגֵלָה. cp. רֶגוּלוּס and the second element in שַׁטֽרֶגֶל.

רֶֽגֶל ᴵᴵ f.n. (pl. רֽגָלִים) 1 time. 2 festival of pilgrimage (in the Bible used only in the pl. שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים, in the sense ‘three times’). [A special sense development of רֶגֶל ᴵ. The lit. meaning of שָׁלשׁ רֽגָלִים is ‘three feet, three steps’, whence arose the meaning ‘three times’. From שָׁלשׁ רֽגָלִים in the verse Ex. 23:14 שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים תָּחֹג לִי בַּשָׁנָה (‘Three times thou shalt keep a feast unto me in the year’) developed in post-Biblical times the meaning of שָׁלשׁ רְגָלִים as ‘the three festivals of pilgrimage’ (first used in this sense in the Mishnah), whence — through back formation — the sing. רֶגֶל was also used in the sense of festival of pilgrimage.]

רגל ᴵ to slander, clumniate.
    — Qal - רָגַל he slandered, calumniated (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 15:3).
    — Pi. - רִגֵּל 1 he slandered, calumniated. 2 he spied out (lit.: ‘he went about as an explorer’).] [Denominated from רֶגֶל (= foot). The original meaning of רגל was ‘to go about as a slanderer or as a spy’. For sense development cp. Arab. mushā (= slanderer), from mashā(y) (= he walked along), and sa‘ā(y) (= he moved quickly; he slandered), sā‘in (= slanderer). cp. also רכל.] Derivatives: רִגּוּל, רֽגִילָה, רוֹגֽלָנִי, מֽרַגֵּל.

רגל ᴵᴵ to be accustomed to, be used to.
    — Pi. - רִגֵּל he made someone go on foot; he guided.
    — Niph. - נִרְגַּל was accustomed (lit.: ‘was made to go about, was guided, was made to do something frequently’).
    — Hith. - הִתְרַגֵּל he became accustomed.
    — Hiph. - הִרְגִּיל 1 he trained, accustomed, habituated, made familiar; 2 he was accustomed, was made familiar; 3 was in the habit of, was used to.
    — Hoph. - הֻרְגַּל was accustomed to, got used to, was made familiar with.
    — Tiph‘el . - תִּרְגֵּל he taught to walk (in the Bible occurring only Hos. 11:3 in the form תִּרְגַּלְתִּי; see, however, תרגל). [Denominated from רֶגָל (= foot), whence lit. meaning ‘to go on foot’, whence ‘to go about frequently’. cp. Syr. רְגַל (= he trod), Arab. rajila (= he went on foot, walked).] Derivatives: רָגוּל, רָגִיל, הֶרְגֵּל, הַרְגָּלָה, הִתֽרַגּֽלוּת, מֻרְגָּל. cp. מַרְגְּלָא, תַּרְגִּיל, תִּרְגֹּלֶת.

רְגֵלָה f.n. PBH purslane. [Related to Arab. rijl, rijla (= purslane). Prob. derived from רֶגֶל ᴵ, resp. Arab. rijl (= foot). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

רִגְלוּל m.n. NH footwork (in tennis, wrestling, etc.). [Formed from רֶגֶל ᴵ through reduplication of the ל.]

רַגְלִי 1 going on foot, walking. NH 2 footman, foot soldier, infantry man. MH 3 on foot MH 4 pawn. [Formed from רֶגֶל ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

רָגְלִית see רוֹגְלִית.

רֶגְלָן m.n. FW raglan. [Eng. raglan, named after the British general Lord Raglan (1788–1855).]

רגם to stone.
    — Qal - רָגַם 1 he stoned; NH 2 he mortared.
    — Niph. - נִרֽגַּם 1 was stoned; 2 was mortared.
    — Pi. - רִגֵּם PBH 1 he stoned; NH 2 he mortared.
    — Pu. - רֻגַּם 1 was stoned; 2 was mortared. [Related to Aram.–Syr. רֽגַם (= he stoned), Arab. rajama (= he stoned; he cursed, damned, abused, reviled), Ethiop. ragama (= he stoned).] Derivatives: רַגָּם, רֶגָם, לגָם, רִגּוּם, רְגִימָה, מַרְגֵמָה.

רַגָּם m.n. NH mortarman. [Nomen opificis coined from רִגֵּם, Pi. of רגם, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

רֶֽגֶם m.n. MH 1 stoning. NH 2 mortaring. [From רגם.]

רֹֽגֶם m.n. NH ancient heap of stones, dolmen. [From רגם. cp. Arab. rujum (= heap of stones, meteorites).]

רִגְמָה f.n. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 68:28 in the form רִגְמָתָם). [Of uncertain origin and meaning. Some scholars see in רִגְמָה a secondary form of רִקֽמָה, ‘variegated stuff’; others connect it with Akka. ragāmu (= to shout), rigmu (= shouting), and render רִגְמָה by ‘shouting crowd’. See רעם.]

רגן to murmur, grumble, complain.
    — Qal - רָגַן he murmured, grumbled, complained (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 29:24 in the form of the pl. part. רֹגְנִים).
    — Niph. - נִרְגַּן he spoke rebelliously, reproached.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַגֵּן he murmured, grumbled, complained. [Related to Aram. אִתְרְגַן (= he slandered, backbit). Perhaps this base orig. meant ‘to speak in a low voice, whisper’, and is related to Ugar. rgm (= to speak), and to Akka. ragāmu (= to shout), rigmu (= shouting). See רעם and cp. רִגֽמָה.] Derivatives: רֶגֶן, רֹגֶן, רֻגֽנָה, רִגּוּן, רֽגִינָה, רוֹגֵן, הֵרָגֽנוּת, נִרֽגֶּן.

רֶֽגֶן m.n. PBH (לגָן in NH) murmuring, grumbling, complaint. [From רגן.]

רֻגְנָה f.n. NH intrigue. [Formed from רגן with first suff. ◌ָה.]

רֶגֶנֽט m.n. FW regent. [Fren. régent, from regēns (= regent), from L. regēns, pres. part. of regere (= to keep straight, lead straight, guide, lead, conduct, direct, rule, reign). See רֶקֽטוֹר and cp. words there referred to.]

רֶגֶנֶרַצֽיָה f.n. FW regeneration. [Late L. regenerātiō (= rebirth), from regenerātus, p. part. of regenerāre (= to bring forth again), from re– (= back, again), and generāre (= to bring forth, reproduce). See גֶּן and cp. words there referred to. For the ending of רֶגָנֶרַצֽיָה see suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

רגע ᴵ to be at rest, repose.
    — Qal - רָגַע was at rest, reposed.
    — Niph. - נִרֽגַּע he reposed, calmed himself (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 47:6).
    — Hiph. - הִרֽגִיעַ 1 he caused to repose, gave rest to; 2 he rested, reposed (Deut. 28:65, Is. 34:14).
    — Hoph. - הֻרְגַּע was calmed down, was quieted.
    — Pi. - רִגַּע he relaxed (tr. v.), quieted.
    — Pu. - רֻגַּע was relaxed, was quieted.
    — Hith. - הִתֽרַגַּע became quiet, calmed down. [According to some scholars related to Arab. raja‘a (= he came back, returned to his former position), properly ‘returned to rest after wanderings’.] Derivatives: רָגֵעַ, רֹגַע, רִגָּעוֹן, רָגוּעַ ᴵ, רֽגִיעָה ᴵᴵ, רוֹגֵעַ, אַרְגָּעָה, הַרֽגֵּעַ, הַרְגָּעָה, הֵרָגֽעוּת, הִתֽרַגּֽעוּת, מַרְגּוֹעַ, מַרֽגִּיעַ, מֻרְגָּע, מְרֻגָּע.

רגע ᴵᴵ to move, set in motion, disturb.
    — Qal - רָגַע he moved, set in motion, disturbed.
    — Niph. - נִרְגַּע it wrinkled, shriveled.
    — Hiph. - הִרְגִּיעַ he moved to and fro. [Prob. related to Arab. ra‘aja (= he disturbed). Some scholars identify רגע ᴵᴵ with רגע ᴵ. According to them the orig. meaning of this base is ‘to return’ (see רגע ᴵ), whence developed the meanings ‘to return to rest, be at rest, repose’, on the one hand, and ‘to calm something that is in motion (like troubled waters)’, on the other. However, this explanation of the sense development of base רגע is far-fetched and it is more logical to separate bases רגע ᴵ and רגע ᴵᴵ from each other. רגע ᴵᴵ is perhaps related to רגז, רגשׁ.] Derivatives: רָגוּעַ ᴵᴵ, רְגִיעָה ᴵᴵ, prob. also רֶגַע and אַרְגִּיעָה.

רָגֵֽעַ adj. quiet, restful, peaceful (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 35:20). [From רגע ᴵ.]

רֶֽגַע 1 moment, instant. 2 suddenly. [Prob. derived from רגע ᴵᴵ (= to move), and lit. meaning ‘a twinkling (of the eye)’. For sense development cp. L. mōmentum (= movement, motion; short time, moment), from movēre (= to move). Some scholars also derive רֶגַע from רגע, but in the sense of Arab. raja‘a (= he returned), and compare the phrase qabla ’an yartadda ilayka ṭarfuka, ‘in the twinkling of an eye, instantly’ (lit.: ‘before your look returns to you’).] Derivative: רִגְעִי.

רֹֽגַע m.n. MH calm, tranquillity. [From רגע ᴵ.]

רִגָּעוֹן m.n. NH calm, rest, peacefulness. [Formed from רגע ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

רִגְעִי adj. NH momentary, instantaneous. [Formed from רֶגַע with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רִגְעִיּוּת.

רִגְעִיּוּת f.n. NH momentariness, instantaneity. [Formed from רִגְעִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רֶגְרֶס m.n. FW regress. [L. regressus (= a going back, return, regress), from regressus, p. part. of regredī (= to go back, turn back, return, retire), from re- (= back, again), and gradī (= to step, walk, go), which is related to gradus (= step, degree). See גַרְדּוֹם ᴵ and cp. words there referred to.]

רֶגְרֶסִּיבִי adj. FW regressive. [Fren. régressif, from L. regressus, p. part. of regredī. See רֶגְרֶס and suff. ◌ִי.]

רגשׁ ᴵ to be in a tumult, rage.
    — Qal - רָגַשׁ was in tumult, thronged tumultuously (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 2:1 in the form רָגֽשׁוּ).
    — Pi. - רִגֵּשׁ he enraged.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַגֵּשׁ he stormed, raged.
    — Hiph. - הִרְגִּישׁ he stirred up, caused rage. [Whence also BAram. הַרְגִּשׁוּ (= they came thronging), Aram.–Syr. רְגַשׁ (= was in a tumult, was disturbed, he felt, perceived), Syr. רֽגוּשֽׁיָא (= tumult), Arab. rajasa (= he thundered). Related to bases רגז and רעשׁ. cp. רגשׁ ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: רֶגֶשׁ ᴵ, רִגְשָׁה ᴵ, רַגָּשׁ, רוֹגֵשׁ.

רגשׁ ᴵᴵ to be excited; to feel, perceive.
    — Niph. - נִרֽגַּשׁ MH 1 was felt, was perceived; NH 2 was excited.
    — Pi. - רִגֵּשׁ he caused excitement.
    — Pu. - רֻגַּשׁ he was excited.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַגֵּשׁ he got excited.
    — Hiph. - הִרֽגִּישׁ he felt, sensed, perceived, noticed.
    — Hoph. - הֻרֽגַּשׁ was felt, was perceived, was noticed. [Special sense development from רגשׁ ᴵ. cp. Aram.–Syr. רְגַשׁ (= he was in a tumult, was disturbed; he felt, perceived), Syr. רֶגְשָׁא (= uproar; sense), which shows the same sense development. cp. also רֶגֶשׁ ᴵ and רֶגֶשׁ ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: רֶגֶשׁ ᴵᴵ, רָגוּשׁ, רִגּוּשׁ, רִגְשָׁה ᴵᴵ, רַגְשָׁן, רוֹגֵשׁ, רְגִישָׁה, הֶרְגֵּשׁ, הַרְגָּשָׁה, הִתְרַגְּשׁוּת, מַרְגָּשׁ, מֻרְגָּשׁ, מְרֻגָּשׁ, נִרְגָּשׁ, תַּרְגִּישׁ.

רֶגֶשׁ ᴵ m.n. noisy crowd, throng (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 55:15). [From רגש ᴵ. cp. Syr. רֶגְשָׁא (= uproar; sense, the senses, organs of sense). cp. also Septuagint en omonia (= agreeing in sentiments); this rendering was prob. influenced by the meaning of Syr. רֶגֽשָׁא.]

רֶֽגֶשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. רֽגָשׁוֹת, also רְגָשִׁים) 1 feeling, sensation. MH 2 sense, organ of sense. NH 3 emotion. [From רגש ᴵᴵ. cp. רֶגֶשׁ ᴵ.] Derivatives: רִגְשִׁי, מַרְגָּשׁ.

רַגָּשׁ adj. NH feeling. [Formed from רגשׁ ᴵᴵ on the analogy of רַגָּז in לֵב רַגָּז, Deut. 28:65 (‘a trembling heart’).]

רִגְשָׁה ᴵ f.n. noisy throng (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 64:3). [Formed from רגשׁ ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

רִגְשָׁה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH excitement, feeling, emotion. [Formed from רגשׁ ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

רִגְשִׁי adj. NH emotional. [Formed from רֶגֶשׁ ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רִגֽשִׁיּוּת.

רִגְשִׁיּוּת f.n. NH emotionality. [Formed from רִגְשִׁי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רַגְשָׁן m.n. NH an emotional person, a sentimental person. [Formed from רגשׁ ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: רַגְשָׁנוּת, רַגֽשָׁנִי.

רַגְשָׁנוּת f.n. NH emotionality, sentimentality. [Formed from רַגְשָׁן with suff. ◌וּת.]

רַגְשָׁנִי adj. NH emotional, sentimental. [Formed from רַגֽשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

רָד [Qal perfect of רוד.]

רַדַּאי m.n. NH scraper of honey (out of a hive) or of bread (from an oven). [Nomen opificis formed from רדה ᴵᴵ according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

רָדָאר m.n. FW radar. [Eng. radar, coined from the initials of the phrase radio detecting and ranging.]

רדד to beat down, repel, subdue, flatten.
    — Qal - רָדַד, רַד he repelled, subdued.
    — Niph. - נִרֽדַּד was beaten down, was flattened.
    — Pu. - רֻדַּד was beaten down, was flattened; was made shallow.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַדֵּד PBH 1 was beaten down; NH 2 became shallow.
    — Hiph. - הֵרֵד he beat out, flattened. [Whence also JAram. רְדַד (= he beat, stamped, stretched), possibly also Arab. radda (= he threw back, drove back, repelled), and Akka. radādu (= to pursue the enemy), related to רדה ᴵ.] Derivatives: רֶדֶד, רָדוּד, רִדּוּד, רְדִיד ᴵᴵ, הִתְרַדְּדוּת, מְרֻדָּד.

רֶֽדֶד m.n. PBH 1 something stretched out; NH 2 metal. NH 3 shallowness. [From רדד.]

רדה ᴵ to tread; to rule, have dominion, dominate.
    — Qal - רָדָה 1 he ruled, had dominion over, dominated; 2 he subdued, subjugated; PBH 3 he chastised, punished.
    — Niph. - נִרְדָה was chastised, was punished.
    — Pi. - רִדָּה he chastised, punished.
    — Hiph. - הִרְדָּה he subdued, subjugated (in the Bible occurring only Is. 41:2 in the form יַרְדְּ). [Whence also JAram. רְדָא (= he drove, ruled, chastised), Syr. רְדָא (= he went on, moved along, drove, chastised, it flowed), Arab. radā(y) (= he trod), Akka. radū (= to drive, tend the flock). Related to רדד. cp. רדה ᴵᴵ. cp. also רִידֽיָא.] Derivatives: רָדוּי ᴵ, רִדּוּי, רְדִיָּה ᴵ, רַדְיָן ᴵ, רוֹדֶה ᴵ, רוֹדָן, מַרְדּוּת.

רדה ᴵᴵ to scrape honey (out of a hive); he removed bread (from an oven).
    — Qal - רָדָה he scraped honey (out of a hive); he removed bread (from an oven).
    — Niph. - נִרֽדָּה was scraped (out of the hive; said of honey); was removed (from the oven; said of bread). [Of uncertain origin; possibly a special sense development of רדה ᴵ.] Derivatives: רָדוּי ᴵᴵ, רוֹדָה ᴵᴵ, רְדִיָּה ᴵᴵ, רַדַּאי, מַרֽדֶּה, מִרֽדֶּה.

רָדוּד adj. NH beaten down, flattened. [Pass. part. of רָדַד. See רדד.] Derivative: רֽדִידוּת.

רִדּוּד m.n. MH beating down, flattening. [Verbal n. of רִדֵּד, Pi. of רדד.]

רָדוּי ᴵ adj. MH subdued, subjugated. [Pass. part. of רָדָה. See רדה ᴵ.]

רָדוּי ᴵᴵ adj. NH removed (from the oven; said of bread). [Pass. part. of רָדָה. See רדה ᴵᴵ.]

רִדּוּי m.n. MH 1 subjugation. 2 chastisement, punishment. [Verbal n. of רִדָּה, Pi. of רָדָה. See רדה ᴵ.]

רָדוּם adj. PBH 1 asleep. MH 2 (fig.) dead. [From רדם.] Derivative: רֽדִימוּת.

רָדוֹן m.n. FW radon (chemistry). [Modern L. radon, which was coined from radium (see רַדְיוּם) with chemical suff. – on, on analogy of argon, neon etc. See אַרְגּוֹן and נֵיאוֹן.]

רָדוּף adj. PBH 1 running after, chasing after. MH 2 pursued, persecuted. [Pass. part. of רָדַף (see רדף); in sense 1 used in an active sense.] Derivative: רְדִיפוּת.

רִדּוּף m.n. PBH running. [Properly verbal n. of רִדֵּף, Pi. of רדף.]

רֶדוּקְצְיָה f.n. FW reduction. [Fren. réduction, from L. reductiō (= a leading back, restoration), from reductus, p. part. of redūcere (= to lead).]

רָדִיאָטוֹר m.n. FW radiator. [From L. radiātus, p. part. of radiāre (= to furnish with beams, make beaming, irradiate), from radius (= ray). See רַדְיוּס.]

רַדְיָאן m.n. FW radian. [Eng. radian, formed from L. radius (= ray); see רַדְיוּס and suff. - an in my CEDEL.]

רַדְיַאנְט m.n. FW radiant. [Eng. radiant, from L. radiāns, pres. part. of radiāre. See רַדְיָאטוֹר. For the ending of רַדְיָאטוֹר see suff. ‘-tor’ in my CEDEL.]

רֽדִיד ᴵ m.n. large veil, wide wrapper (in the Bible occurring only Is. 3:23 and Cant. 5:7). [Related to Aram. and Syr. רֽדִידָא (= veil), Arab. ridā’ (= wrapper for the upper part of the body).]

רְדִיד ᴵᴵ m.n. MH something beaten out, something flattened. [From רדד.]

רְדִידוּת f.n. NH shallowness. [Formed from רָדוּד with suff. ◌וּת.]

רְדִיָּה ᴵ f.n. PBH subjugation, dominion, rule. [Verbal n. of רָדָה. See רדה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְדִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH scraping out (of honey from the hive); removal (of bread from the oven). [Verbal n. of רָדָה. See רדה ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רַדֽיוֹ m.n. FW radio. [Eng. radio, short for radio-telegraphic message or transmission, from combining form radio–, meaning ‘ray, raylike, radial or radially’, from L. radius. See רַדְיוּס.]

רַדְיוֹגְרַמָּה f.n. FW radiogram. [Compounded of רַדְיוֹ and Gk. gramma (= that which is written; a written character, letter; a small weight). See גְרַם.]

רַדְיוּם m.n. FW radium. [Modern L. radium, from radius (= ray); so called because of its power of emitting energy in the form of rays. cp. רָדוֹן.]

רַדֽיוּס m.n. FW radius, ray. [L. radius (= stake, staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, shuttle, beam, ray; the exterior bone of the forearm). Of uncertain origin. It is perhaps related to rādix (= root); see רָדִיקָל.] Derivatives: רַדֽיוֹ, רַדְיוּם, רַדְיַאטוֹר, רַדְיַאנֽט.

רַדְיוֹתֶרַפְּיָה f.n. FW radiotherapy. [Eng. radiotherapy, compounded of radio– and therapy. See רַדֽיוֹ and תָּרַפּֽיָה.]

רָדִים adj. NH sleepy, sleeping, drowsy. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) as back formation from נִרְדַּם (= he fell into heavy sleep). See רדם.]

רְדִימָה f.n. NH sleeping, slumber. [Verbal n. of רָדַם. See רדם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְדִימוּת f.n. NH sleepiness, drowsiness. [Formed from רָדוּם with suff. ◌וּת.]

רַדְיָן ᴵ m.n. PBH farmer. [Formed with agential suff. ◌ָן from Aram. רֽדָא (= he plowed; lit.: ‘he trod upon the ground’), and related to Arab. radā(y) (= he trod). See רדה ᴵ.]

רַדְיָן ᴵᴵ see רַדֽיָאן.

רְדִיפָה f.n. PBH 1 pursuit, chase, persecution. MH 2 running after, striving after. 3 synonymy. NH 4 oppression. [Properly verbal n. of רָדַף (= he pursued, chased, persecuted). See רדף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְדִיפוּת f.n. NH state of being persecuted, persecution. [Formed from רָדוּף with suff. ◌וּת.]

רָדִיקָל m.n. FW radical. [Lit.: ‘having roots’, from Late L. rādicālis, from rādīx (= root), which is related to rāmus (= branch, bough, twig). cp. רַדְיוּס and words there referred to. cp. also רִיזִיקוֹ.] Derivative: רָדִיקָלִי.

רָדִיקָלִי adj. FW radical. [Formed from רָדִיקָל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רָדִיקָלִיּוּת.

רָדִיקָלִיּוּת f.n. FW radicality, radicalism. [Formed from רָדִיקָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רדם to be fast asleep.
    — Qal - רָדַם he slept, slumbered.
    — Niph. - נִרְדַּם he fell in to a heavy sleep.
    — Hiph. - הִרְדִּים MH 1 he put to sleep; NH 2 he narcotized, anesthetized.
    — Hoph. - הֻרֽדַּם MH 1 he was put to sleep; NH 2 he was narcotized, was anesthetized. [JAram. רֽדַם (= he was in heavy sleep), Arab. ’wiaunn (= deep sleep).] Derivatives: רֶדֶם, רֹדֶם, רַדָּם, רַדֶּמֶת, רָדוּם, רוֹדֵם, רָדִים, רְדִימָה, הַרֽדָּמָה, הֵרֽדְמוּת, מַרֽדִּים, מֻרֽדָּם, תֵּרֽדֵּמָה.

רֶֽדֶם m.n. MH sleep; deep sleep. [From רדם.]

רֹֽדֶם m.n. NH sleep; deep sleep. [A secondary form of רֶדֶם.]

רַדָּם m.n. NH narcotic. [From רדם.]

רַדֶּֽמֶת f.n. NH lethargy, stupor, coma. [Coined from רדם (= to be fast asleep), according to the pattern פַּעָלֶת, serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

רדף to pursue, chase; to persecute.
    — Qal - רָדַף 1 he pursued, chased; 2 he persecuted, harassed; 3 he followed eagerly; PBH 4 it flowed rapidly.
    — Niph. - נִרֽדַּף 1 was pursued, was chased; 2 was persecuted; PBH 3 was oppressed; 4 was synonymous.
    — Pi. - רִדֵּף 1 he pursued ardently, drove away; 2 he strove eagerly to reach.
    — Pu. - רֻדַּף was pursued, was driven away (in the Bible occurring only Is. 17:13).
    — Hith. - הִתֽרַדֵּף was scattered, was dispersed.
    — Hiph. - הִרֽדִּיף he pursued, chased (in the Bible occurring only Jud. 20:43).
    — Hoph. - הֻרְדַּף was pursued, was chased (in the Bible occurring only in the part.; see מֻרֽדֶּף). [JAram.–Syr. רֽדַף (= he pursued, chased, persecuted), Mand. רדף (= to pursue, chase, persecute), Arab. radafa (= he rode behind another, followed).] Derivatives: רֶדֶף, רַדֽפָן, רָדוּף, רִדּוּף, רְדִיפָה, הַרְדָּפָה, מִרְדָּף, נִרְדָּף. cp. ‘redif’ in my CEDEL.

רֶֽדֶף m.n. PBH pursuit, chase, persecution. [From רדף.]

רַדְפָן m.n. NH ardent pursuer. [Formed from רדף with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

רֶֽדֶת inf. of יָרַד. [See ירד.]

רֶה m.n. FW re — a syllable used in solmization to denote the second tone of the diatonic scale (music).

רהב ᴵ to fear.
    — Qal - רָהַב he feared (in the Bible occurring only Pr. 6:3, and according to an ancient version, Is. 60:5 (וְרָהַב לֽבָבֵךְ).
    — Hiph. - הִרְהִיב he alarmed, awed, astounded (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 6:5 in the form הִרְהִיבֻנִי). [Syr. אֶתְרֽהֵב (= was disquieted with fear, was afraid), אֶתְרַהַב (= he was greatly alarmed, was terrified), אַרֽהֵב (= he inspired terror, alarmed), Arab. rahiba (= he feared, was alarmed), Akka. rābu (= to tremble).] Derivative: מַרְהִיב.

רהב ᴵᴵ to act stormily, act arrogantly.
    — Qal - רָהַב 1 he acted stormily, acted boisterously (in the Bible occurring only Is. 3:5 in the form יִרֽהֲבוּ); NH 2 he behaved arrogantly.
    — Hiph. - הִרֽהִיב 1 he made someone proud (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 138:3 in the form תַּרְהִבֵנִי); NH 2 he behaved arrogantly.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַהֵב he behaved arrogantly. — Siph‘el (see סרהב). [Aram. רֽהֵב (= he was arrogant), Syr. רֽהֵב (= he was impetuous), Akka. ra’ābu (= to storm at angrily). Possibly related to רחב. According to most lexicographers רהב ᴵ and רהב ᴵᴵ are properly one and the same base.] Derivatives: רַהַב ᴵ, רַהַב ᴵᴵ, רֹהַב, הֵרֽהָבָה, הִתְרַהֲבוּת.

רַֽהַב ᴵ f.n. 1 arrogance, haughtiness (in the Bible occurring only Is. 30:7). PBH 2 greatness. MH 3 strength. [From רהב ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: רֽהַבֽתָּנוּת, רְהַבֽתָּנִי.

רַֽהַב ᴵᴵ m.n. ‘Rahav’ — name of a sea monster symbolizing Egypt. [Lit.: ‘the arrogant one’. From רהב ᴵᴵ.]

רֹֽהַב m.n. arrogance, haughtiness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 90:10 in the form רָהְבָּם). [From רהב ᴵᴵ.]

רֶהֵב adj. NH arrogant, haughty. [From רהב ᴵᴵ.]

רֵהַבִּילִיטַצְיָה see רֵיהַבִּילִיטַצְיָה.

רְהַבִים m.n. pl. a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 40:5, prob. meaning ‘idols’. [Lit.: ‘the arrogant ones’. From רהב ᴵᴵ.]

רְהַבְתָּנוּת f.n. NH arrogance. [Formed from רַהַב ᴵ with suff. ◌תָּנוּת.]

רְהַבְתָּנִי adj. NH arrogant. [Formed from רַהַב ᴵ with suff. ◌תָּנִי.]

רהה to fear.
    — Qal - רָהָה 1 he feared; NH 2 he moved hesitatingly. [Of uncertain origin. Since the word תִּרֽהוּ (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 44:8) could be read also תִּרֽתוּ, the base could be ירהּ, equivalent to Arab. wariha (= was thoughtless, was helpless).] Derivatives: רֵהֶה, רָהוּי, רְהוּת, רֽהִיָּה.

רֵהֶה adj. NH 1 fearful. 2 hesitant. [From רהה.]

רָהוּט adj. PBH 1 hurrying, hastening. MH 2 fluent. [From Aram. רְהָט (= he ran). See רהט ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: רִהוּט ᴵᴵ, רְהִיטוּת.

רִהוּט ᴵ m.n. NH furnishing. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922), as verbal n. of רִהֵט, Pi. of רהט ᴵ.]

רִהוּט ᴵᴵ m.n. MH fluency. [From רָהוּט. cp. Aram. רִיהֲטָא (= fluency).]

רָהוּי adj. MH 1 feared. 2 hesitant. [Pass. part. of רָהָה. See רהה.]

רְהוּת f.n. MH 1 fear. NH 2 hesitation. [Formed from רהה with suff. ◌וּת.]

רהט ᴵ to furnish.
    — Pi. - רִהֵט he furnished (a room or a house).
    — Pu. - רֻהַט was furnished (said of a room or a house).
    — Hiph. - הִרֽהִיט he laid rafters. [Denominated from רָהִיט.] Derivatives: רִהוּט ᴵ, מֽרֹהָט, תִּרְהֹטֶת.

רהט ᴵᴵ to run.
    — Qal - רָהַטַ MH 1 he ran; NH 2 he said in a hurry.
    — Hiph. - הִרֽהִיט 1 he speeded up, accelerated; 2 he said in a hurry.
    — Hoph. - הֻרֽהַט was speeded up, was accelerated.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַהֵט became quicker. [From Aram. רֽהַט (= he ran), which is related to Heb. רוּץ (= to run). See רוץ.] Derivatives: רַהַט ᴵ, רַהַט ᴵᴵ, רֽהָטָה, רַהֲטוּט, רַהֲטָן, רֽהִיטָה, הִתְרַהֲטוּת. cp. רִהֲטָא.

רַֽהַט ᴵ m.n. watering trough (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 30:38 and 41, Ex. 2:16). [Related to Aram. רָהְטָא, Syr. רָטַיָּא, רֽהָטַיָּא (= watering troughs), Akka. rāṭu (= vessel for water), Iraq–Arab. rāṭ (= watering trough). All these words prob. derive from Aram. רְהַט, equivalent to Heb. רוּץ (= to run, flow). See רוץ and cp. רַהַט ᴵᴵ.]

רַֽהַט ᴵᴵ m.n. NH 1 speed, quickness, swiftness. 2 running, flowing, flow. [From רהט ᴵᴵ.]

רִהֲטָא m.n. PBH speed, haste. [Aram., from רֽהַט (= he ran). See רהט ᴵᴵ and cp. רְהָטָה.]

רְהָטָה f.n. NH speed, haste. [Formed from רהט ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. רִהֲטָא.]

רַהֲטוֹן m.n. PBH troop of soldiers. [Prob. a Greek or Latin loan word, whose etymology, however, is uncertain.]

רַהֲטָן m.n. MH 1 one who is quick in his work. NH 2 trotter (horse). [Formed from רהט ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. Aram. רַהֲטוֹנָא, Syr. רַהֽטָנָא (= runner).]

רְהִי m.n. NH 1 fear. 2 hesitation. [From רָהָה. See רהה and cp. רֽהִיָּה.]

רְהִיָּה f.n. NH 1 fear. 2 hesitation. [Verbal n. of רָהָה. See רהה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רָהִיט m.n. 1 rafter of the roof (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 1:17); also in the Talmud רָהִיט means ‘rafter’. NH 2 piece of furniture (after Arab. rihāt). [Related to Aram. רָהֲטָא, רֽהִיטָא (= rafter), Syr. רָהֽטָא (= boards).] Derivative: רָהִיטָן.

רְהִיטָה f.n. NH 1 running. 2 speed, fluency. [Verbal n. of רָהַט. See רהט ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רְהִיטוּת f.n. NH speed, fluency. [Formed from רָהוּט with suff. ◌וּת.]

רָהִיטָן m.n. NH 1 cabinetmaker. 2 furniture dealer. [Formed from רָהִיט with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: רָהִיטָנוּת.

רָהִיטָנוּת f.n. NH 1 cabinetmaking. 2 furniture trade. [Formed from רָהִיטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

רְהִיטָנִי m.n. PBH 1 a plane (carpenter’s tool). 2 a hair-cutting machine.

רהן to pawn, pledge.
    — Hiph. - הִרֽהִין he pawned, pledged.
    — Hoph. - הֻרֽהַן was pawned, was pledged. [Arab. rahana, ’arhana (= he pawned, deposited as a pledge), rahn (= pawning, pledging; pawn, pledge).]

רוֹאֶה ᴵ m.n. 1 one who sees, one who regards. 2 seer, prophet. NH 3 spectator. [Part. of רָאָה (= he saw). See ראה.]

רוֹאֶה ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH worm cast. [Perhaps a secondary form of רָֽאִי ᴵᴵ.]

רוֹאוֹת f.n. pl. the eyes (Eccles. 12:3). [Lit.: ‘those that see’, act. part. f. of רָאָה. See ראה.]

רוֹבָאוּת f.n. NH musketry. [Formed from רוֹבֵה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

רוֹבַאי m.n. NH musketeer. [Formed from רוֹבֶה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

רוֹבֶה ᴵ m.n. rifle, gun. [Short for קְנֵה־רוֹבֶה, lit.: ‘bowman’s barrel’, from רוֹבֶה (= bowman, archer). See רבה ᴵᴵ.]

רוֹבֶה ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH lad, young man. [Formed on the analogy of Aram. רַבְיָא, lit.: ‘a child in the process of growing up’, from רֽבָא (= he grew). See רבה ᴵ and cp. רִיבָה.]

רוֹבּוֹט m.n. FW robot. [From Czech robotnik (= slave), from robota (= compulsory service), from rob (= slave), which is related to Old Slavic rabǔ, robǔ (= slave), rabota (= servitude, slavery). The word robot became popular through the play R.U.R. ( Rossum’s Universal Robots), written by Karel Čapek (1920).]

רוּבִּידְיוּם m.n. FW rubidium (chemistry). [Modern L. rubidium, coined by the German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811–99) from L. rubidus (= reddish), from rubēre (= to be red), which, together with ruber (= red), rūfus (= red, reddish), derives from IE base * rudhro– (= red). See ‘red’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘rubric’ and ‘rufous’ ibid.]

רוֹבִּינִיָּה f.n. Robinia (a genus of plants), the locust tree. [Modern L. Robinia, named after the French botanist Jean Robin (1550–1629) and his son Vespasian (1579–1662), who first cultivated the locust tree in Europe.]

רוּבָּל m.n. FW ruble, rouble. [Pass.[[illegible]] rubl’, from rubiti (= to chop, cu[[illegible]] so called because at the time when[[illegible]] allic currency was introduced in Russia (i.e. in the 14th century), it became customary there to buy in bars of silver, the corresponding equivalent being simply cut off.]

רוֹגֵז adj. NH angry, irate. [Act. part. of רָגַז. See רגז.] Derivative: רוֹגְזָנִי.

רוֹגְזָנִי adj. NH angry, irate. [Formed from רוֹגֵז with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

רוֹגְלִי adj. NH at the foot, low. [From רֶגֶל ᴵ. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי. cp. רוֹגֽלִית.]

רוֹגְלִית f.n. PBH trailing vine. [Formed from רֶגֶל (= foot), with suff. ◌ִית, hence lit. meaning ‘that which extends along the feet of a man’. cp. רוֹגְלִי.]

רוֹגְלָנִי adj. NH spying. [Formed from רוֹגֵל, act. part. רגל ᴵ, with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

רוֹגֵן adj. NH murmuring, grumbling, complaining. [Act. part. of רַגַן, Qal of רגן.]

רוֹגֵֽעַ adj. NH relaxed, calm. [Act. part. of רָגַע, Qal of רגע ᴵ.]

רוֹגֵשׁ adj. NH storming, raging. [Act. part. of רָגַשׁ, Qal of רגשׁ ᴵ.]

רוד to wander restlessly, roam.
    — Qal - רָד, רַד he wandered restlessly, roamed (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 2:31 and Hos. 12:1).
    — Hiph. - הֵרִיד (in the Bible only in the imper.: Gen. 27:40 and Ps. 55:3), and prob. meaning ‘to wander restlessly’, or ‘to show restlessness’. [cp. Arab. rāda (= he went to and fro, moved about), Ethiop. rōda (= he ran upon, invaded, attacked).]

רוֹדֶה ᴵ m.n. ruler. [Subst. use of the act. part. of רָדָה. See רדה ᴵ.]

רוֹדֶה ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 shovel. NH 2 one who scrapes honey from the hive or removes bread from the oven. [Subst. use of the act. part. of רָדָה. See רדה ᴵᴵ.]

רוֹדְיוּם m.n. FW rhodium (chemistry). [Modern L. rhodium, coined by its discoverer, the English chemist and physicist Williams Hyde Wollaston (1766–1828) from Gk. rodon (= rose; see וֶדֶד); so called by him from the rose-red color of its salts.]

רוּדִימֶנְט m.n. FW rudiment. [L. rudimentum (= first attempt, beginning), from rudis (= unwrought, unformed, raw, rough; ignorant), which is of uncertain origin. See ‘rude’ and suff. ‘–ment’ in my CEDEL.]

רוֹדֵם adj. MH slumbering, asleep. [Act. part. of רָדַם. See רדם.]

רוֹדָן m.n. NH dictator; tyrant, despot. [Formed from רוֹדֶה (= ruler; see רוֹדֶה ᴵ), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: רוֹדָנוּת, רוֹדָנִי.

רוֹדָנוּת f.n. NH dictatorship; tyranny, despotism. [Formed from רוֹדָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

רוֹדָנִי adj. NH dictatorial; tyrannical, despotic. [Formed from רוֹדָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

רוה to drink one’s fill, to quench one’s thirst, to be saturated.
    — Qal - רָוָה he drank his fill, quenched his thirst.
    — Niph. - נִרְוָה was watered, was refreshed.
    — Pi. - רִוָּה 1 he watered abundantly, drenched, soaked; 2 was watered abundantly, was drunk.
    — Pu. - רֻוָּה was watered abundantly.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַוָּה 1 he drank his fill; 2 was saturated, was refreshed.
    — Hiph. - הִרֽוָה he caused to drink, watered, saturated. [Aram. רֽוִי, Syr. רֽוָא (= he became drunk, became intoxicated), Arab. rawiya, Ethiop. rawaya (= he drank his fill, quenched his thirst), OSArab. רוי (= irrigation).] Derivatives: רָוֶה, רָווּי, רִוּוּי, רֽוָיָה, רֽוִיָה, רִוֽיוֹן, הַרֽוָיָה, הִתְרַוּוּת, prob. also רִי. cp. רַוֽיָא.

רָוֶה adj. watered. [From רוה.]

רָוֽוּחַ adj. PBH wide, spacious, roomy. [Pass. part. of רָוַח. See רוח ᴵ and cp. רווֵֹחַ.]

רווֵֹֽחַ adj. PBH widespread, common, popular. [Act. part. of רָוַח. See רוח ᴵ and cp. רָווּחַ.] Derivative: רְוִיחוּת.

רִוּֽוּחַ m.n. NH making space, spacing. [Verbal n. of רִוַּח, Pi. of רוח ᴵ.]

רָווּי adj. MH 1 watered. NH 2 saturated. [Pass. part. of רָוָה. See רוה.]

רִוּוּי m.n. MH 1 watering. NH 2 saturating, saturation. [Verbal n. of רִוָּה, Pi. of רוה.]

רוֹזְמָרִין see רוֹסֽמָרִין.

רוֹזֵן m.n. 1 ruler, prince, potentate. NH 2 baron. [Derived from base רזן (= to be weighty, be judicious), appearing in Arab. razuna (= was weighty, was grave, was serious, was firm of judgment), razīn (= weighty, grave, serious). cp. רָזוֹן ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: רוֹזְנוּת.

רוֹזְנוּת f.n. MH 1 dignity of a prince. 2 title of baron, barony. [Formed from רוֹזֵן with suff. ◌וּת.]

רוח ᴵ to be wide, be spacious.
    — Qal - רָוַח 1 was wide, was spacious, was relieved, felt relief (in the Bible occurring only Sam. I 16:23 and Job 32:20); PBH 2 it spread, was current.
    — Niph. - נִרְוַח he felt relief.
    — Pi. - רִוַּח PBH 1 he made space to, enlarged; MH 2 he gave relief.
    — Pu. - רֻוֵּח was given space to, was enlarged (in the Bible occurring only in the part.; see מֽרֻוָּח).
    — Hith. - הִתֽרַוַּח PBH 1 was relieved; MH 2 was given more space to; MH 3 became widened; MH 4 it spread.
    — Hiph. - הִרְוִיחַ PBH 1 he caused relief; 2 was relieved; NH 3 he widened, enlarged; NH 4 he made profit (denominated from רֶוַח).
    — Hoph. - הֻרֽוַח MH 1 was relieved; NH 2 profit was made (denominated from רֶוַח). [Aram.–Syr. רֽוַח (= was wide, was enlarged), Arab. rawiḥa (= was wide, was ample), OSArab. הרוח (= to enlarge). cp. Ethiop. raḫawa (= he opened). רוח ᴵ is perhaps related to רחב.] Derivatives: רֶוַח, רֽוָחָה, רָוֵחַ, רָווּחַ, רִוּוּחַ, הַרְוָחָה, הִתְרַוְּחוּת, מִרֽוָח.

רוח ᴵᴵ to breathe, blow. [Syr. רָח (= he breathed), Arab. rāḥa (= was windy), Ethiop. rōḥa (= he moved the air with a fan, fanned). These verbs are denominated from Syr. rūḥā, resp. Arab. rūḥ (= wind, air). רוּחַ (= wind, air), and רֵיחַ (= smell, odor), are derivatives of this base. Several scholars suggest that רוח ᴵ and רוח ᴵᴵ are orig. one and the same base. According to them רֶוַח (= space), is nothing but רוּחַ, i.e. ‘the air’ between two things.]

רוח ᴵᴵᴵ to air, ventilate.
    — Pi. - רִוַּח he aired, ventilated.
    — Pu. - רֻוַּח was aired, was ventilated.
    — Hith. - הִתְרַוַּח (of s.m.). [Denominated from רוּחַ.] Derivatives: רִוּוּחַ, הִתֽרַוְּחוּת.

רֶֽוַח m.n. 1 space, interval (Gen. 32:17). 2 respite, relief (Est. 4:14). PBH 3 space of time. PBH 4 gain, profit. [From רוח ᴵ. cp. רַוֽחָא.] Derivatives: רִוֽחִי, רַוֽחָן, רֽוָחִים.

רָוֵֽחַ adj. NH spacious, roomy. [From רוח ᴵ.]

רֽוּחַ m. & f.n. (pl. רוּחוֹת, also רוּחִין) 1 wind, breeze. 2 air. 3 breath. 4 soul, spirit. 5 side, quarter (of heaven). 6 courage. NH 7 mind, disposition. PBH 8 evil spirit, demon. [From רוח ᴵ, whence also Phoen. רח, Samaritan ריח, Mand. רוחא (= spirit), BAram. רוּחַ, רוּחָא, Aram.–Syr. רוּחָא (= wind, breath, spirit), Ugar. rḥ (= wind, odor), Arab. rūḥ (= soul, spirit), rīḥ (= breath, wind, spirit).] Derivative: רוּחָנִי. cp. the second element in רֽשַׁמֽרוּחֵ and in שַׁבְרוּחַ.

רַוְחָא m.n. PBH space, room. [Aram., related to Heb. רֶוַח (q.v.).]

רְוָחָה f.n. 1 relief, ease, respite (in the Bible occurring only Ex. 8:11 and Lam. 3:56). NH 2 welfare. [Formed from רוח ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

רִוְחִי adj. NH profitable. [Formed from רָוַח with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רִוֽחִיּוּת.

רִוְחִיּוּת f.n. NH profitability. [Formed from רִוֽחִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רְוָחִים m.n. NH 1 profits. 2 interest. 3 dividend. [Properly pl. of רֶוַח (q.v.).]

רַוְחָן m.n. NH profiteer. [Formed from רֶוַח (= gain, profit), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

רוּחָנִי adj. MH spiritual, mental. [Borrowed from Arab. ruḥāniyy (= spiritual), which derives from ruḥ (= spirit). See רוּחַ and suff. ◌ָנִי.]

רוּחָנִיּוּת f.n. NH spirituality. [Formed from רוּחָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

רוֹטָטוֹר m.n. FW rotator. [L. rotātor, from rotātus, p. part. of rotāre (= to turn about in a circle), from rota (= wheel). For the ending of L. rotātor see suff. ‘-tor’ in my CEDEL. cp. also רוֹטַצְיָה, רוֹטָרִי, רוּלֶטָּה, רוֹנְדוֹ.]

רוֹטְטָנִי adj. NH tremulous, vibrating. [Formed from רוֹטֵט, act. part. of רָטַט (see רטט), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

רוּטִינָה f.n. FW routine. [Fren. routine, from route (= road, way, path), from VL rupta (via), f. p. part. of L. rumpere (= to break, burst, tear, rend). See ‘reave’ and subst. suff. ‘–ine’ in my CEDEL.]

רוֹטֶל m.n. NH rotl (a weight of about 2.88 kgs.). [Arab. raṭl, riṭl, which was borrowed — through metathesis — from Gk. litra (= pound). See לִיטֽרָא.]

רוֹטְנָן NH 1 grumbling. 2 grumbler. [Formed from רוֹטֵן, act. part. of רָטַן (see רטן), with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. רַטֽנָן.] Derivative: רוֹטֽנָנִי.

רוֹטְנָנִי adj. NH grumbling. [Formed from רוֹטְנָן with suff. ◌ִי. cp. רַטְנוּנִי.]

רוֹטַצְיָה f.n. PBH rotation. [L. rotātiō (= a turning about in a circle), from rotātus, p. part. of rotāre. See רוֹטָטוֹר.] Derivative: רוֹטַצֽיוֹנִי.

רוֹטַצְיוֹנִי adj. FW rotational. [Formed from רוֹטַצְיָה with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

רוֹטָרִי m.n. FW Rotary Club. [Eng. Rotary (Club), from the adj. rotary (= turning like a wheel), formed from L. rota (= wheel; see רוֹטָטוֹר), with suff. ‘–ary’; so called because the members of the first Rotary Club (founded by Paul P. Harris in Chicago in 1905) used to meet in rotation.]

רַוְיָא adj. & n. one who has drunk his fill, drunkard. [Aram., from רְוָא (= he became drunk). See רוה.]

רְוָיָה f.n. saturation, fullness. (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 23:5 and 66:12). [From רוה.]

רְוִיָּה f.n. PBH drinking one’s fill, quenching one’s thirst. [Verbal n. of רָוָה. See רוה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

רֶוְיוּ see רֶבֽיוּ.

רִוְיוֹן m.n. MH 1 drinking one’s fill, quenching one’s thirst. NH 2 orgasm. [Formed from רוה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

רְוִיחוּת f.n. NH being widespread, popularity. [Formed from רוֹוֵחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

רוֹכֵב m.n. 1 rider, horseman. 2 shoot (for grafting). [Subst. use of the act. part. of רָכַב. See רכב.]

רוֹכֵל m.n. 1 trafficker, trader. NH 2 pedlar, hawker. [Properly Qal part. of רכל (q.v.), whence also JAram. רוֹכְלָא, Syr. רַכָּלָא (= huckster).] Derivative: רוֹכֽלוּת.

רוֹכְלוּת f.n. PBH 1 traffic, trade. NH 2 peddling, hawking. [Formed from רוֹכֵל with suff. ◌וּת.]

רוֹכְסָן m.n. NH zip fastener. [Formed from רוֹכֵס, act. part. of רָכַס (see רכס ᴵ), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

רוּלֶטָּה f.n. FW roulette. [Fren. roulette, dimin. of rouelle (= a small wheel), itself a dimin. of roue (= wheel), from L. rota. See רוֹטָטוֹר. For the ending of Fren. roulette see suff. ‘–ette’ in my CEDEL.]

רום to be high, be exalted, rise; to be haughty.
    — Qal - רָם was high, was exalted, rose; was haughty.
    — Niph. - נָרוֹם he elevated himself; 2 he removed himself.
    — Pol. - רוֹמֵם he lifted up, elevated; 2 he raised, reared (children); 3 he set up, established; 4 he exalted, extolled.
    — Po. - רוֹמַם was lifted up, was elevated.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְרוֹמֵם 1 he raised himself; 2 he exalted himself, magnified himself.
    — Hiph. - הֵרִים 1 he lifted up, raised; 2 he lifted up and presented, he offered; 3 he took away, removed.
    — Hoph. - הוּרַם 1 was taken off; NH 2 was lifted up, was raised. [Phoen. in PN, BAram. רִם, Aram.–Syr. רָם (= was high), Ugar. rm (= to be high), OSArab. רימ (= to lift up, raise), מרים (= highest part; often used as a surname), Ethiop. in derivatives, like rāma-aryām (= heaven).] Derivatives: רוּם ᴵ, רוֹם, רוֹמָה, רוֹמֵם, רוֹמָם, רָם, רָמָה, הֲרָמָה, הִתְרוֹמְמוּת, מָרוֹם, מְרוֹמָם, מוּרָם, מֵרִים, תְּרוּמָה. cp. רִמּוּם. cp. also רָמָא.

רוּם ᴵ m.n. 1 height, elevation. 2 greatness. NH 3 vertex, altitude. [Properly inf. Qal of רום.]

רוּם ᴵᴵ m.n. FW rum. [Eng. rum, shortened from rumbullion, which is prob. of imitative origin.]

רוֹם m.n. height (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hab. 3:10). [From רום.]

רוֹמָאִי adj. NH Roman. [Formed from רוֹמָא (= Rome), with suff. ◌ִי. cp. רוֹמִי.]

רוּמְבָּה f.n. FW rumba. [Sp. rumba, of uncertain origin.]

רוֹמְבּוֹאִיד m.n. FW rhomboid. [Gk. romboeides (= rhomboid), lit. ‘resembling a rhomb’, from rombos (= rhomb), and oeides (= like), from eidos (= form, shape). See רוֹמֽבּוּס and אִידֵאָה.]

רוֹמְבּוּס m.n. FW rhombus. [Gk. rombos (= a spinning top, wheel, rhombus), which is related to rembein (= to turn round, roll about), from IE base * wremb–, a nasalized form of base * wer-b- (= to turn, twist, bend); so called for its resemblance to a spinning top. cp. the first element in רוֹמְבּוֹאִיד.]

רוֹמָה adv. erect, upright (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Micah 2:3). [Formed from רום with adv. suff. ◌ָה.]

רוֹמֶה m.n. NH discharge up. [Subst. use of the act. part. of רָמָה, Qal of רמה.]

רוֹמִי adj. FW Roman. [Formed from רוֹמָא (= Rome), with suff. ◌ִי. cp. רוֹמָאִי. cp. also רוֹמָן.]

רוֹמִית adj. NH the Latin language. [f. of רוֹמִי; see רוֹמִי.]

רוּמְ״ל MH abbr. of רַבָּנִים וּמֽלַמְּדִים (= Rabbis and teachers); used in the phrase סִפְרֵי רוּמֽ״ל (= holy books).

רוֹמֵם adj. lifted up, elevated, exalted (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 118:16). [From רוֹמֵם, Pol. of רום.] Derivatives: רוֹמָם, רוֹמְמוּת.

רוֹמָם adv. maestoso (music). [From רוֹמֵם.]

רוֹמְמוּת f.n. uplifting, arising, majesty. [Formed from רוֹמֵם with suff. ◌וּת.]

רוֹמָן m.n. FW 1 novel. 2 love affair, romance. [Fren. novel, from Old Fren. romant (= romance), orig. meaning ‘something written in a Romance tongue’, from Late L. Rōmānicē, adv. of L. Rōmānicus (= Roman), from Rōmānus (= Roman), from Rōma (= Rome). cp. רוֹמָאִי, רוֹמִי. cp. also רוֹמַנְטִי, רוֹמַנְטִיזְם, רוֹמַנְטִיקָה, רוֹמַנְס.

רוֹמַנְטִי adj. FW romantic. [Back formation from Eng. romantic (= lit.: ‘pertaining to a romance’), from Fren. romantique, from romant. See רוֹמָן. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: רוֹמַנְטִיזְם.

רוֹמַנְטִיזְם m.n. FW romanticism. [Formed from רוֹמַנְטִי with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

רוֹמַנְטִיקָה f.n. FW another name for רוֹמַנְטִיזְם (q.v.). [See רוֹמַנֽטִי.]

רוֹמַנְס, רוֹמַנְסָה m.n., resp. f.n. FW romance. [Sp. romance, from Late L. Romānicē, whence Fren. and Eng. romance. See רוֹמָן.]

רוֹנְדּוֹ m.n. FW rondo (a musical composition with a principal subject, which is repeated at least twice after the introduction of several episodes). [It. rondo, from Fren. rondeau, from earlier rondel, which is prob. dimin. of rond (= round), from VL * retondus, dissimilated from L. rotundus (= round), lit.: ‘wheel-shaped’, from rota (= wheel). See רוֹטָטוֹר.]

רוֹנָן, רוֹנָנִי adj. PBH, resp. NH grumbling. [From רָנַן, Qal of רנן ᴵᴵ.]