צ The eighteenth letter of the Heb. alphabet. The name of the letter, ‘tzadeh’ or ‘tzade’ (צָדֵי), means lit. ‘fishing hook’ and prob. so called in allusion to the ancient form of this letter. It is also called צַדִּיק, ‘tzaddik’, prob. formed from צָדֵי and ק, the letter following it in the Heb. alphabet, under the influence of the word צַדִּיק. צ has a final form, ץ. In PBH צ has the numerical value of ninety and ץ has the numerical value of nine hundred. Heb. צ comprises three orig. different sounds. 1 It corresponds to Aram.-Syr. צ, Ugar. ṣ, Arab ṣ, OSArab. צ, Ethiop. ṣ, Akka. ṣ. cp. e.g. Heb. אֶצְבַּע, Aram. אֶצְבַּע, אֶצְבְּעָא, Ugar. ṣb, Syr. צֶבְעָא, Arab. iṣba‘, OSArab. אצבע (as a measure), Ethiop. ’ aṣbā‘t, Akka. ṣubū, iṣbiṭṭu (= finger). 2 צ also corresponds to Aram.-Syr. ט, Ugar. ẓ, Arab. ẓ, OSArab. ט. cp. e.g. Heb. צֵל, Aram. טְלָלָא, Ugar. ẓl, Arab. ẓill, Syr. טֶלָּלָא (= shadow, shade). 3 צ also corresponds to Aram. ע (sometimes ק), Syr. ע, Arab. ḍ, OSArab. צ, Ethiop. ḍ, Akka. ṣ. cp. e.g. Heb. יָצָא (= he went out), Aram. and Syr. יעא (= to go forth, bloom), Arab. waḍu’a (= was or became beautiful, neat or clean), OSArab. וצא (= to go out). Sometimes in this case the Aram. equivalent is צ (see צמד and צרך). If Aram.-Syr. ע, as the regular equivalent of Heb. צ (see above), is preceded or followed by another guttural, it is usually dissimilated into א. cp. e.g. Heb. עֵץ and Aram. אָע, for עָע (= wood); Heb. צֶלַע and Syr. אֶלְעָא, for עֶלְעָא (= rib), Syr. אַעְפָא, for עַעְפָא (= double), and base צעף ᴵ, whence also Heb. צָעִיף (= veil). צ alternates with ז and ס (see the introductory entries to these letters). It also alternates with שׂ. cp. שׂחק — a collateral form of צחק (= to laugh). The change of צ to ג in JAram.-Syr. גִּחֵךְ (= he laughed) is due to dissimilation. For the rare interchangeability of צ and ק see אֶרֶץ, צֹאן, מחץ, עֵץ and צֶמֶר.

צֵא go out! [Imper. of יָצָא. See יצא.]

צֵאָה f.n. excrement, dung, filth. [Related to JAram.–Syr. צָאָה (= dirty), Syr. צִאי (= was dirty), Arab. waṣi’a (= was dirty), Ethiop. ṣē’a (= stank), Akka. zū, ṣū (= filth). These words are not derived from base יצא, as many lexicographers would have it. cp. the collateral form צוֹאָה.] Derivative: צאה.

צאה to befoul, treat as dirt, abominate.
    — Pi. - צֵאָה he befouled, soiled. [Denominated from צֵאָה.] Derivatives: צָאוּי, צֵאוּי.

צֵֽאָה to out! [Lengthened imper. of יָצָא. See יצא.]

צָאוּי adj. befouled, soiled. [From צאה.]

צֵאוּי m.n. MH befouling, dirtying; dirt. [Verbal n. of צֵאָה. See צאה.]

צֹֽאִי see צוֹאִי.

צְאֵל m.n. (pl. צֶאֱלִים) Zizyphus lotus (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 40:21 in the pl.). [Related to Arab. ḍāl (= Zizyphus lotus), Syr. עָאלָא (of s.m.).] Derivative: צֶאֱלזֹן.

צֶאֱלוֹן m.n. NH Poinciana regia (botany). [Formed from צְאֵל with suff. ◌וֹן.]

צֹאן f.n. pl. small cattle, sheep and goats. [Related to Moabite צאן, TA ẓūnu, Aram.–Syr. עָנָא, Egypt. Aram. קן, Mand. אקנא (rarely אנא), Ugar. ṣin, Arab. ḍā’in, ḍa’n, Akka. ṣēnu (= small cattle). The origin of these words is uncertain. They possibly derive from base יצא (= to go out), and lit. mean ‘the animals going out’. cp. Gk. probatoa (= cattle), lit. ‘those which go forward’, from probanein (= to go forward). cp. also צֹנֶה.]

צֶאֱצָא m.n. 1 issue, offspring. 2 produce, yield. [Formed through reduplication of the second and third radical from יצא (= to go out).]

צָב ᴵ m.n. (pl. צַבִּים) NH 1 turtle, tortoise. 2 a kind of a lizard (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 11:29). [In sense 2 related to Aram. צַבָּא, Syr. עַבָּא, עָבָא, Arab. ḍabb (= lizard).]

צָב ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. צַבִּים) covered wagon, litter. [From base צבב, whence also Aram. צַבָּא (= covered wagon), Akka. ṣumbu, dissimilated from * ṣubbu (= cart).]

צבא to wage war, serve.
    — Qal - צָבָא 1 he assembled (intr. v.), gathered together (intr. v.); 2 he served; 3 he waged war; 4 he fought.
    — Niph. - נִצְבָּא he was mustered.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽבִּיא he mustered.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְבָּא was mustered. [Ethiop. ḍaba’a, from ṣaba’a (= he waged war), Akka. ṣābu (= soldier; in the pl. also ‘men’), prob. also Arab. ḍaba’a (= he lay in wait). Some scholars connect this base with Arab. ṣaba’a (= he went forth; whence ‘he gathered together against’). Other scholars compare Arab. ṣabiyy (= young man). Both these words are nearer in meaning than ḍaba’a.] Derivatives: צָבָא (n.), הַצְבָּאָה, מַצְבִּיא, מֻצֽבָּא.

צָבָא m.n. (pl. צְבָאוֹת) 1 army, host. 2 military service, war, warfare. 3 service. 4 fixed time. [From צבא, whence also Ugar. ṣb (= army). Egypt. ṣabi’ā (= army) is a Heb. loan word.] Derivatives: צְבָאִי, צֽבָאָנוּת.

צְבָאוֹת 1 pl. of צָבָא. 2 pl. of צְבִיָּה.

צְבָאִי adj. NH of the army, military, warlike. [Formed from צָבָא with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: צֽבָאִיּוּת.

צְבָאִיּוּת f.n. NH militarism. [Formed from צְבָאִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

צֽבָאִים, צְבָאיִם m.n. pl. of צְבִי.

צְבָאָנוּת f.n. NH militarism. [Formed from צָבָא with suff. ◌נוּת.] Derivative: צֽבָאָנִי.

צְבָאָנִי adj. NH militarist. [Formed from צְבָאָנוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

צבב to cover. [Base of צָב ᴵᴵ.]

צבה ᴵ to swell, swell up.
    — Qal - צָבָה it swelled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 5:27 in the form וְצָבְתָה).
    — Niph. - נִצְבָּה swelled.
    — Hiph. - הִצְבָּה he caused to swell (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 5:22 in the contracted form of the inf. לַצְבּוֹת). [A base occurring only in Heb.] Derivatives: צָבֶה, צָבוּי, צִבּוּי, צְבוּת, מִצְבֶּה.

צבה ᴵᴵ to be willing, to wish.
    — Qal - צָבָה was willing, wished, desired. [Aram. צֽבִי, Syr. צְבָא (= he was willing, wished, desired), Arab. ṣaba’a (= he was enamored), Akka. ṣibu (= to wish, be willing), ṣibūtu (= wish).] Derivatives: צְבִי ᴵᴵ, צְבִיָּה ᴵᴵ, צָבְיוֹן.

צָבֶה adj. swollen (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 5:21).

צָבוּט adj. NH pinched. [Pass. part. of צָבַט. See צבט.]

צָבוּי adj. NH swollen. [Pass. part. of צָבָה. See צבה ᴵ.]

צִבּוּי m.n. MH swelling. [From צבה ᴵ.]

צָבֽוּעַ adj. 1 variegated, many-colored (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 12:9 in the phrase עַיִט צָבוּעַ, which prob. means ‘a painted bird’. PBH 2 dyed. PBH 3 hypocritical. [Pass. part. of צָבַע. See צבע.] Derivative: צְבִיעוּת.

צָבֽוֹעַ m.n. hyena (in the Bible occurring only in the place-name גֵּי הַצְבֹעִים, ‘Valley of the Hyenas’, Sam. I 13:18). [Related to Arab. ḍabu‘, Ethiop. ṣe‘eb, Syr. אַפְעָא (= hyena).]

צָבוּר adj. PBH heaped up, piled up, gathered, accumulated. [Pass. part. of צָבַר. See צבר.] Derivative: צְבִירוּת.

צִבּוּר m.n. 1 heap, pile (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 10:8 in the pl.). PBH 2 congregation, community. PBH 3 public. [From צבר.] Derivative: צִבּוּרִי.

צִבּוּרִי adj. NH communal, public. [Formed from צִבּוּר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: צִבּוּרִיּוּת.

צִבּוּרִיּוּת f.n. NH public affairs. [Formed from צִבּוּרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

צָבוּת adj. MH 1 joined, connected. NH 2 pressed. NH 3 seized with, or as with, a pair of tongs. [Pass. part. of צָבַת; see צבת. In sense 3 denominated from צְבָת.]

צִבּוּת f.n. NH plowing crosswise. [Verbal n. of צִבֵּת, Pi. of צבת ᴵᴵ.]

צְבוּת f.n. MH swelling. [Formed from צבה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

צבט to reach, hold out; lit. ‘to grasp, hold’.
    — Qal - צָבַט he reached, held out (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ruth 2:14 in the phrase וַיִּצֽבָּט־לָהּ, ‘and he reached her’); NH 2 he seized, grasped; NH 3 he pinched, nipped.
    — Niph. - נִצְבַּט 1 was pinched, was nipped; 2 was seized, was grasped. [Arab. ḍabaṭa (= he held firmly, seized, he confiscated), Ethiop. ḍabaṭa (= he seized firmly). Related to צבת, צות. cp. ‘zabeta’ and ‘zabti’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: צָבוּט, צְבִיטָה, מִצֽבָּטַיִם.

צְבִי ᴵ m.n. (pl. צְבָיִים, also צֽבָאִים) 1 gazelle. 2 (inexactly) stag, deer. [Related to Aram.–Syr. טַבְיָא, Arab. ẓaby, Akka. ṣabītu (= gazelle). cp. ‘Tabitha’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: צֽבִיָּה ᴵ.

צְבִי ᴵᴵ m.n. beauty, glory. [Prob. derived from צבה ᴵᴵ (= to wish, desire) and lit. meaning ‘that which is desired’.]

צְבִיָּה ᴵ f.n. (pl. צֽבָאוֹת) 1 female gazelle. MH 2 a lovely woman. [f. of צְבִי ᴵ.]

צְבִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH swelling. [Verbal n. of צָבָה. See צבה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צִבְיוֹן f.n. PBH 1 will, desire, pleasure. 2 shape, form, figure. 3 character, nature. [Formed on the analogy of Syr. צֶבְיָנָא (= will; desire, pleasure). See צבה ᴵᴵ and ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

צְבִיט f.n. NH mordent (music). [Back formation from צֽבִיטָה.]

צְבִיטָה f.n. PBH 1 reaching, holding out. 2 seizing, grasping. 3 pinching, nipping. [Verbal n. of צָבַט. See צבט and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. צְבִיט.]

צְבִיעָה ᴵ f.n. PBH dying, painting. [Verbal n. of צָבַע. See צבע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְבִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH holding with the fingers, grasping, clutching. [Verbal n. of צָבַע. See צבע ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְבִיעוּת f.n. NH hypocrisy. [Formed from צָבוּעַ (= hypocritical), with suff. ◌וּת.]

צֽבִיר m.n. NH cluster. [From צבר.]

צָבִיר adj. NH accumulable. [Coined from צבר (= to heap up, accumulate), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: צְבִירוּת.

צְבִירָה f.n. PBH 1 heaping up, piling up. NH 2 accumulation. [From צבר.] Derivative: צְבִירוּת.

צְבִירוּת f.n. NH accrual. [Formed from צְבִירָה with suff. ◌וּת.]

צְבִיתָה f.n. PBH a pair of tongs. [A secondary form of צְבָת.]

צבע ᴵ to dye, paint.
    — Qal - צָבַע he dyed, painted.
    — Niph. - נִצְבַּע MH was painted.
    — Pi. - צִבַּע he dyed, painted, colored.
    — Pu. - צֻבַּע was dyed, was painted, was colored.
    — Hith. - הִצְטַבַּע he painted himself, made up. [Aram.–Syr. צְבַע (= he dipped; he dyed), Arab. ṣabāgha, Ethiop. ṣabāḥa (of s.m.), Akka. ṣību (= to dye). cp. ‘Sabian’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: צֶבַע, צַבָּע, צִבֽעוֹן, צוֹבֵעַ, צָבוּעַ, הִצְטַבְּעוּת, מַצְבּוֹעַ, מִצְבָּעָה.

צבע ᴵᴵ to hold with the fingers.
    — Qal - צָבַע he held with the fingers, grasped, clutched.
    — Hiph. - הִצְבִּיעַ 1 he lifted his fingers; 2 he raised his hand (indicating his intention to speak); 3 he voted; 4 he pointed at, indicated.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְבַּע (it) was put to the vote. [Denominated from אֶצְבַּע (= finger).] Derivatives: צְבִיעָה ᴵᴵ, הַצֽבָּעָה.

צֶֽבַע m.n. 1 color, dye. PBH 2 colored stuff. [From צבע ᴵ.] Derivative: צִבְעָן.

צַבָּע m.n. PBH dyer, painter. [Nomen opificis, formed from צִבַּע, Pi. of צבע ᴵ.] Derivative: צַבָּעוּת.

צִבְעוֹן m.n. PBH color. [Formed from צבע ᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

צִבְעוֹנִי ᴵ adj. MH colored, colorful. [Formed from צִבֽעוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: צִבְעוֹנִי ᴵᴵ, צִבְעוֹנִיּוּת.

צִבְעוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH colorfulness. [Formed from צִבְעוֹנִי ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

צַבָּעוּת f.n. NH painting. [Formed from צַבָּע with suff. ◌וּת.]

צִבְעָן m.n. NH pigment. [Formed from צֶבַע (= color), with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: מֽצֻבּֽעָן.

צבר to heap up, pile up, accumulate.
    — Qal - צָבַר piled up, accumulated.
    — Niph. - נִצְבַּר was heaped up, was piled up, was accumulated.
    — Hith. - הִצֽטַבֵּר (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִצֽבִּיר he heaped up, piled up, accumulated.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְבַּר was collected, was accumulated. [Aram. צְבַר (= he heaped up, piled up), Ugar. ṣbrt (= he heaped up), Arab. ṣabara (= he collected, bound together), ṣubra (= heap, pile).] Derivatives: צֶבֶר, צֹבֶר, צִבֹּרֶת, צָבוּר, צִבּוּר, צֽבִיר, צָבִיר, צְבִירָה, הִצְטַבְּרוּת, מִצֽבּוֹר, תִּצְבֹּרָת, מַצֽבֵּר, מִצְבָּר, תַּצֽבִּיר, תִּצְבֹּרֶת.

צֶֽבֶר m.n. PBH 1 heap, pile. NH 2 sorus (botany). [From צבר.]

צֹֽבֶר m.n. NH heap, pile, bulk. [From צבר.]

צָבָר, צַבָּר m.n. NH 1 cactus. NH 2 ‘sabra’ (born in Israel; so called in allusion to the prickly exterior and kind heart). MH 3 aloe. [From Arab. ṣabr (= aloe, cactus), which is related to Syr. צַבְּרָא, צַבָּרָא, צַוֽרָא, Akka. ṣibāru (= aloe).] Derivatives: צַבָּרִי, צַבָּרוּת.

צַבָּרוּת f.n. NH characteristics of a ‘sabra’. [Formed from צַבָּר with suff. ◌וּת]

צַבָּרִי adj. NH characteristic of a ‘sabra’ (native-born Israeli). [Formed from צַבָּר with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

צִבֹּֽרֶת f.n. NH heaping up, piling up. [Formed from צבר with suff. ◌ֶת.]

צבת ᴵ to seize, grasp; to pinch, nip.
    — Qal - צָבַת PBH 1 he joined; NH 2 he seized firmly; NH 3 he pinched, nipped.
    — Niph. - נִצְבַּת was seized firmly.
    — Pi. - צִבֵּת he seized with, or as with, a pair of tongs (in this sense denominated from צְבָת). [Akka. ṣabātu (= to seize, grasp). Related to the bases צבט, צות. cp. צְבָת.] Derivatives: צֶבֶת ᴵ, צֹבֶת, צְבָת, צָבוּת.

צבת ᴵᴵ to plow crosswise.
    — Pi. - צִבֵּת he plowed crosswise.
    — Pu. - עֻבַּת was plowed crosswise. [Denominated from צְבָת (= tongs).] Derivative: צִבּוּת.

צֶֽבֶת ᴵ m.n. (pl. צֽבָתִים) 1 a bundle of sheaves (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ruth 2:16). 2 bundle, heap. [From צבת ᴵ. cp. צֶוֶת.]

צֶֽבֶת ᴵᴵ m.n. NH (pl. צְבָתִים) pincers, forceps, tweezers. [A collateral form of צֽבָת.]

צְבָת f.n. (pl. צְבָתוֹת, also צְבָתִים) PBH 1 tongs, pliers. NH 2 hard pressure. [From צבת ᴵ. cp. Aram. צִבְתָּא.] Derivative: צַבְתָּן.

צֹֽבֶת m.n. NH plants remaining after crosswise plowing. [From צבת ᴵᴵ.]

צַבְתָּן m.n. NH Forficulidae (name of the type genus of the earwig family, from L. forficula, ‘small shears’, dimin. of farfex, ‘shears’). [Formed from צְבָת (= tongs) with dimin. suff. ◌ָן.]

צָג m.n. NH display (in electronic computers). [From יצג.]

צַד m.n. (pl. צִדִּים, also צְדָדִים, צְדָדִין) 1 side, flank. PBH 2 part. PBH 3 party (in an argument). NH 4 page. [From צדד, whence also BAram. צַד, JAram. צִדְדָא (= side), Aram. צֵיד, Syr. צֶאד (= by, beside), Arab. ṣadda (= he turned away, diverted, rejected, alienated), ṣadad (= nearness, vicinity).] Derivatives: צְדָדִי, צָדוּד, צְדָדִית, צִדּוֹן, צִדִּי, צְדִידָה. cp. the second element in שַׁטֽצַד.

צדד ᴵ base of צַד.

צדד ᴵᴵ to turn aside.
    — Pi. - צִדֵּד PBH 1 he turned sideways; NH 2 he sided with.
    — Pu. - צֻדַּד was turned sideways.
    — Hith. - הִצְטַדֵּד he turned aside.
    — Hiph. - הִצְדִיד he turned aside. [From צַד.] Derivatives: צִדּוּד, הִצְטַדְדוּת, מְצַדֵּד, מְצֻדָּד.

צְדָדִי adj. MH 1 sideways. 2 incidental, unimportant. [Formed from צַד with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: צֽדָדִיּוּת.

צְדָדִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 lying aside. 2 incidentality, unimportance. [Formed from צְדָדִי with suff. ◌ִית.]

צדה ᴵ to lie in wait.
    — Qal - צָדָה he lay in wait. [Aram. צְדָא (= he lay in wait). Some scholars compare Arab. ṣadiya (= he beguiled).] Derivative: צְדִיָּה.

צדה ᴵᴵ to lay waste, devastate.
    — Qal - צָדָה was deserted, was desolate.
    — Niph. - נִצְדָּה was laid waste, was desolate (in the Bible occurring only Zeph. 3:6 in the form נִצֽדּוּ).
    — Hiph. - הִצֽדָּה he laid waste, devastated.
    — Hoph. - הֻצֽדָּה was laid waste, was devastated. [Aram. צֽדִי, Syr. צְדָא, צְדִי (= became deserted, became desolate, became lonely), Arab. ṣadiya (= was thirsty), ṣadyān (= thirsty), Ethiop. ṣaday (= summer).]

צָדוּד adj. MH many-sided, multilateral. [From צַד.]

צִדּוּד m.n. MH 1 turning sideways. 2 partisanship. [Verbal n. of צִדֵּד, Pi. of צדד.]

צְדוּדִית f.n. NH profile. [Formed from צַד (= side). For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.]

צִדּוֹן m.n. broadside. [Formed from צַד.]

צִדּוּק m.n. PBH justification, vindication (in the Talmud occurring only in the phrase צִדּוּק־הַדִּין, ‘acknowledgment of the righteousness of Divine judgement’). [Verbal n. of צִדֵּק, Pi. of צדק.]

צָדוֹקִי m.n. PBH ‘Sadducee’ — a member of a Jewish sect in the Second Temple Period, whose religion consisted primarily in the Temple cult. [Of uncertain origin. According to most scholars so called after בְּנֵי צָדוֹק, ‘the descendants of Zadok’, who was the high priest in the time of King David. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

צִדִּי adj. side, lateral. [Formed from צָד with suff. ◌ִי.]

צָדֵי f.n. PBH (pl. צָדִין) ‘tzadhe’ or ‘tzade’ — name of the eighteenth letter of the Heb. alphabet. [cp. Syr. צָדֵא, Arab. ṣād. These words lit. mean ‘fishing hook’, and derive from צוד (= to hunt, catch, capture); so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter.]

צְדִידָה f.n. NH leeway. [From צַד (= side). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְדִיָּה f.n. lying-in-wait, malicious intent (in the Bible occurring only Num. 35:20 and 22). [Verbal n. of צָדָה. See צדה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צַדִּיק ᴵ adj. & m.n. 1 just, righteous. 2 pious, virtuous. 3 right, correct. NH 4 Hasidic rabbi. [From צדק.] Derivatives: צַדֶּקֶת, צַדִּיקוּת.

צַדִּיק ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH (pl. צַדִּיקִין) another name for the letter צָדֵי. [Probformed from צָדֵי and ק, the letter following it, under the influence of the word צַדִּיק ᴵ.]

צַדִּיקוּת f.n. MH 1 justness, righteousness. 2 piousness, virtue. [Formed from צַדִּיק ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

צֶֽדַע m.n. PBH (dual צְדָעַיִם) temple (of the head). [Related to JAram. צִדְעָא, Syr. צֶדֽעָא, Arab. ṣudgh (= temple). cp. צִדֽעָה.] Derivative: צדע.

צדע to salute.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽדִּיעֵ he saluted. [Denominated from צֶדַע and lit. meaning ‘to raise the hand to the temple of the head’.] Derivatives: הַצְדָּעָה, מִצְדָּע.

צִדְעָה f.n. PBH temple (of the head). [A collateral form of צֶדַע. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

צֶֽדֶף m.n. MH mother of pearl, sea shell. [A loan word form Arab. ṣadaf (= pearl oyster, sea shell, conch).] Derivatives: צִדְפָּה, צִדְפִּי.

צִדְפָּה f.n. NH oyster. [From צֶדֶף. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

צִדְפִּי adj. NH nacreous. [Formed from צֶדֶף with suff. ◌ִי.]

צדק to be just, be righteous.
    — Qal - צָדַק 1 was just, was righteous; 2 was in the right, was justified; 3 was acquitted.
    — Niph. - נִצֽדַּק was justified.
    — Pi. - צִדֵּק he justified, declared innocent, acquitted.
    — Pu. - צֻדַּק was justified, was declared innocent, was acquitted.
    — Hith. - הִצֽטַדֵּק he justified himself.
    — Hiph. - הִצְדִּיק 1 he did justice; 2 he made righteous; 3 he justified, declared righteous; acquitted; 4 he vindicated.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְדַּק he was declared righteous; was acquitted. [Aram. צְדֵק (= he was righteous), Syr. זָדֵק (= it is right; for the change of צ to ז see the introductory article to letter ז), Ugar. ṣdq (= reliability, virtue), Arab. ṣadaqa (= he spoke the truth), Ethiop. ṣadaqa (= he was just, was righteous).] Derivatives: צֶדֶק ᴵ, צֶדֶק ᴵᴵ, צְדָקָה, צוֹדֵק, צַדִּיק, הֶצְדֵּק, הַצְדָקָה, הִאָדֽקוּת, הִצֽטַדּֽקוּת, מֻצֽדָּק.

צֶֽדֶק ᴵ m.n. 1 justness, correctness. 2 righteousness, justice. 3 salvation. 4 deliverance, victory. [From צדק. cp. JAram. צִדֽקָא, Syr. זֶדְקָא, Mand. זידקא (= justice). cp. also צֶדֶק ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: צִדְקוּת, צִדְקָן.

צֶדֶק ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH the planet Jupiter. [Perhaps lit. meaning ‘the planet of righteousness’, hence identical with צֶדֶק ᴵ.]

צְדָקָה f.n. 1 righteousness, justice. 2 deliverance, victory. 3 merit. PBH 4 alms, charity. [A secondary form of צֶדֶק ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Aram. צִדֽקְתָא, צְדַקֽתָּא (= justice), BAram. צִדֽקָה (= right doing, charity), Palm. זדקתא (for the ז cp. Syr. זָדֵק, ‘it is right’; see צדק). Arab. ṣadaqa (= alms, charity), is a loan word from צְדָקָה, of the same meaning.]

צִדְקוּת f.n. MH righteousness, virtue, piety. [Formed from צֶדֶק ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. צִדֽקוּ, צִדְקוּתָא (= righteousness, virtue, piety).]

צִדְקָן m.n. PBH a righteous, pious person. [Formed from צֶדֶק ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: צִדְקָנוּת, צִדְקָנִי.

צִדְקָנוּת f.n. NH righteousness, piety. [Formed from צִדֽקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

צִדְקָנִי adj. NH righteous, pious. [Formed from צִדֽקָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

צַדֶּֽקֶת f.n. PBH a righteous, pious woman. [Properly f. of the adj. צַדִּיק, used as a noun. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

צַדְרָה f.n. PBH tarpaulin. [From Aram. צַדֽרָא (= rough cloth), which is prob. of Persian origin.]

צהב ᴵ to be bright, shine, gleam, be yellow.
    — Qal - צָהַב was bright, shone, gleamed, turned yellow.
    — Niph. - נִצְהַב turned yellow.
    — Hiph. - הִצְהִיב 1 turned yellow; 2 he colored yellow.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְהַב was made bright, was colored yellow (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ez. 8:27 in the phrase נְחֹשֶת מֻצֽהָב, ‘gleaming copper’).
    — Hith. - הִצְטַהֵב turned yellow. [Arab. ṣahiba (= was yellowish-red), OSArab. צהבן (= to gleam). Related to זהב. cp. צלהב.] Derivatives: צָהֹב, צֹהַב, צִהוּב, צְהִיבָה ᴵ, הַצְהָבָה, הִצֽטַהֲבוּת, מֻצְהָב, צְהַבְהַב.

צהב ᴵᴵ to shout at, insult, to quarrel, be angry; to be hostile to, hate.
    — Qal - צָהַב 1 he shouted at, insulted; 2 he quarreled, was angry; 3 was hostile, hated.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽהִיב 1 he cried out; 2 he shouted at, insulted. [Prob. related to Arab. ṣaḫiba (= he shouted, cried, yelled), and prob. also the base צוח (= to scream, shout).] Derivatives: צִהָבוֹן, צְהִיבוּת.

צָהֹב adj. yellow (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 13:30, 32, 36). [From צהב ᴵ.] Derivatives: צִהָבוֹן, צַהֲבוּת, צְהִיבוּת.

צֹֽהַב m.n. NH yellowness. [From צהב ᴵ.]

צְהַבְהַב adj. NH yellowish. [Formed from צהב ᴵ through reduplication of the second and third radical on the analogy of אֲדַמְדַּם (= reddish) which derives from אדם (= to be red). See אֲדַמְדַּם and cp. words there referred to.] Derivative: צְהַבְהַבּוּת.

צְהַבְהַבּוּת f.n. NH yellowishness. [Formed from צֽהַבֽהַב with suff. ◌וּת.]

צִהָבוֹן m.n. NH yellowness. [Formed from צָהֹב with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivative: צַהֲבוֹנִי.

צַהֲבוֹנִי adj. NH yellowish. [Formed from צִהָבוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

צַהֶֽבֶת f.n. NH Icterus, jaundice. [Coined from צהב ᴵ (= to be yellow), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

צָהוּב adj. PBH angry, hostile. [Pass. part. of צָהַב. See צהב ᴵᴵ.]

צִהוּב m.n. PBH 1 turning yellow, yellowing. NH 2 coloring yellow. [From צהב ᴵ.]

צִהוּר m.n. NH exposure of fruits to the sun. [From צהר.]

צְהִיבָה ᴵ f.n. NH turning yellow. [Verbal n. of צָהַב. See צהב ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְהִיבָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH quarrel, enmity. [Verbal n. of צָהַב. See צהב ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְהִיבוּת f.n. MH being yellow, yellowness. [Formed from צָהֹב (= yellow), with suff. ◌וּת.]

צְהִירָה f.n. MH 1 shining. NH 2 culmination (astronomy).

צהל ᴵ to neigh; to cry shrilly, shout.
    — Qal - צָהַל 1 (a horse) neighed; 2 he shouted (from joy or distress).
    — Pi. - צִהֵל he caused to shout for joy (Is. 10:30).
    — Hiph. - הִצְהִיל 1 he made bright, brightened; MH 2 he caused to neigh.
    — Hith. - הִצֽטַהֵל was joyful, was elated. [Aram.–Syr. צֽהַל (= a horse neighed; he shouted), Arab. ṣahala (= neighed). cp. צהל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: צַהַל, צָהֵל, צוֹהֵל, צָהֳלָה, צַהֲלוּל, הַצְהָלָה, הִצֽטַהֲלוּת, מִצְהָל, מִצְהָלָה.

צהל ᴵᴵ to shine.
    — Hiph. - הִצְהִיל he caused to shine, made shining (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 104:15 in the inf.). [Prob. related to צהר. Some scholars see in צהל ᴵᴵ a special sense development of צהל ᴵ.]

צַֽהַל m.n. MH shouting, joy, rejoicing. [From צהל ᴵ.]

צָהֵל adj. MH shouting, joyful, rejoicing. [From צהל ᴵ.]

צַהַ״ל m.n. NH ‘Zahal’ — the Israel Army. [Abbr. of צְבָא־הֲגַנָּה־לֽיִשְׂרָאֵל (= Israel Defence Army, IDF — Israel Defence Forces).]

צָהֳלָה f.n. PBH 1 shouting, joy, rejoicing. 2 neighing. [Formed from צהל ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צַהֲלוּל m.n. NH shouting, joy, rejoicing. [Formed from צהל ᴵ through reduplication of the third radical.]

צהר to be bright, be clear.
    — Qal - צָהַר was bright, was clear.
    — Hiph. - הִצְהִיר 1 he pressed olives; PBH 2 it brightened; NH 3 he declared, proclaimed (in this sense coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah, 1858–1922).
    — Hoph. - הֻצְהַר was declared, was proclaimed.
    — Pi. - צִהֵר MH 1 he declared; NH 2 he exposed (fruits) to the sun.
    — Pu. - צֻהַר was exposed to the sun (said of fruit).
    — Hith. - הִצְטַהֵר was brightened, was made clear. [Base of צֹהַר ᴵ, צֹהַר ᴵᴵ, צָהֳרַיִם, יִצֽהָר. cp. Arab. ẓahara (= appeared, was became visible, manifest or evident), TA zu’ru (= back), Ugar. ẓr (= back), bẓr’ bẓr (= on, upon), Arab. ẓahr, Akka. ṣēru (= back), Arab. ẓuhr, Aram. טִיהֲרָא, Syr. טַהְרָא (= midday, noon; properly ‘back’ or ‘culminating point, zenith’ of the ecliptic). Some scholars connect צהר with זהר ᴵ. According to them the orig. meaning of צהר is ‘to shine’.] Derivatives: צִהוּר, הַצֽהָרָה, מָצְהָר ᴵᴵ, מֻצֽהָר.

צֹֽהַר ᴵ m.n. window, opening (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 6:16 and prob. meaning ‘roof’, properly ‘back’, of the ark). [From צהר.]

צֹֽהַר ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. צֽהָרִים) MH 1 brightness. NH 2 zenith. [From צהר. cp. זֹהַר (= shining, brightness).]

צָהֳרַֽיִם m.n. pl. (dual) midday, noon. [From צהר, whence also Moabite צהרמ, Aram. טִיהֲרָא, Syr. טַהֽרָא (= midday, noon). The orig. meaning of these words is ‘back’ (see צהר). cp. מִצְהָר ᴵ.]

צַו m.n. command, order. [From צוה.]

צוֹאָה f.n. excrement, filth. [A collateral form of צֵאָה.] Derivative: צוֹאִי.

צַוָּאָה f.n. PBH 1 command, order. 2 last will, testament. [From צִוָּה in the phrase צִוָּה לֽבֵיתוֹ, ‘he declared his last will’. See צוה. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

צוֹאִי adj. filthy. [Formed from צוֹאָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

צַוָּאר m.n. (pl. צַוָּארִים, also צַוָּארוֹת) neck. [cp. BAram. צַוָּאר, JAram. צַוָּארָא, Syr. צַוְרָא (without a ‘daghesh’. According to some scholars the ‘daghesh’ in צַוָּאר serves to distinguish this word from unvoweled צוּר. Many other scholars derive צַוָּאר from base צור (= to turn; see ציר ᴵᴵ), so that צַוָּאר would lit. mean ‘that which turns’. For sense development cp. Gk. stropheus (= one of the vertebrae; lit.: ‘that which turns’).] Derivative: צַוָּרוֹן (later spelt צַוָּארוֹן).

צַוָּארוֹן m.n. 1 necklace. NH 2 collar. [See צַוָּרוֹן.]

צוֹבֵֽעַ m.n. PBH painter, dyer. [Subst. use of the act. part. of צָבַע. See צבע ᴵ.]

צוג to stand.
    — Qal - צָג he stood. [A secondary form of יצג.] Derivatives: צִיגָה, תּֽצוּגָה.

צוד to hunt, catch, capture.
    — Qal - צָד he hunted, caught, captured.
    — Niph. - נִצּוֹד was hunted, was caught, was captured.
    — Pol. - צוֹדֵד he hunted, caught, captured.
    — Hoph. - הוּצַד was hunted, was caught, was captured.
    — Pi. - צִיֵּד , Pu. צֻיַּד, Hith. הִצְטַיֵּד (see ציד). [JAram.–Syr. צָד, Arab. ṣāda (= he hunted), Ugar. ṣd, Akka. sādu (= to hunt). Related to ציד.] Derivatives: צַיִד ᴵ, צַיָּד, הַצֽדָאָה, מְצָד, מְצָדָה, מָצוֹד, מְצוֹדֵד, מְצוֹדָה, מְצוּדָה, נָצוֹד. cp. the letter name צָדֵי.

צוֹדֵק adj. MH right, just, true. [Act. part of צדק.]

צוה to command, order.
    — Pi. - צִוָּה 1 he commanded, ordered; 2 he appointed, charged.
    — Pu. - צֻוָּה was commanded, was ordered.
    — Nith. - נִצְטַוָּה was commanded, was ordered. [Arab. waṣā(y) (= he bound, united), waṣṣā(y) and auṣā(y) (= he enjoined, bequeathed), waṣiyya (= injunction, testament). For the differentiation of the Heb.–Aram. and Arab. stem by metathesis cp. Heb. חִוָּה (= he showed, declared), with Arab. waḥā(y) (= he inspired, revealed). cp. also לוה ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: צַו, צַוָּאָה, צִוּוּי, מִצְוָה, מְצַוָּה, מְצַוָּה. cp. צִיּוֹן and צִיּוּן.

צוֹהֵל adj. NH joyful, merry, exuberant, exultant. [Act. part. of צָהַל; see צהל.]

צִוּוּי m.n. PBH 1 command, order. MH 2 imper. (grammar). [Verbal n. of צוָּה, Pi. of צוה.]

צִוּוּת m.n. NH grouping, teaming up, manning a crew. [Verbal n. of צות ᴵᴵᴵ.]

צוח to cry aloud, shout.
    — Qal - צָוַח he cried aloud, shouted (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 42:11 in the pausal form יִצְוָחוּ).
    — Pi. - צִוַּח he cried aloud, shouted, screamed, yelled.
    — Nith. - נִצֽטַוַּח he began to cry, he cried suddenly.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽוִיחַ 1 of. s.m.; 2 he caused to cry. [Aram. צְוַח (= he cried aloud, screamed; he called), Syr. צֽוַח (= he cried aloud, screamed), Ugar. ṣḥ (= to call; to invite), Arab. ṣāḥa (= he cried, shouted; screamed, yelled), Akka. sāḥu (= to cry, shout), ṣīḫtu (= lamentation). cp. צהב ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: צֶוַח, צֽוָחָה, צַוְחָן, צְוִיחָה.

צֶֽוַח m.n. MH cry, shout (poetry). [From צוח.]

צְוָחָה f.n. outcry, shout. [Formed from צוח with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צַוְחָן m.n. NH crier, screamer. [Formed from צוח with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: צַוְחָנוּת, צַוֽחָנִי.

צַוְחָנוּת f.n. NH crying, screaming. [Formed from צַוֽחָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

צַוְחָנִי adj. NH crying, screaming; noisy. [Formed from צַוֽחָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

צְוִיחָה f.n. MH outcry, shout. [Verbal n. of צָוַח. See צוח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְוִיץ m.n. NH chirp, twitter. [Of imitative origin.]

צְוִיצָה f.n. NH chirping, twittering. [Formed from צְוִיץ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צול base of צוּל, צוּלָה, מְצוֹלָה, מֽצוּלָה. [Possibly related to צלל ᴵᴵ (= to sink).]

צוּל m.n. MH depth (of the sea). [A secondary form of צוּלָה.]

צוֹלֵב adj. NH cross (adj.) [From צֽלָב.]

צוּלָה f.n. depth of the sea (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 44:27). [Formed from צול with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צוֹלֵל ᴵ m.n. NH diver. [Subst. use of the part. of צָלַל. See צלל ᴵ.] Derivative: צוֹלְלָן. cp. צוֹלֶלֶת.

צוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ adj. NH resonant, sonorous. [Part. of צָלַל. See צלל ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: צוֹלֽלוּת.

צוֹלְלוּת f.n. NH sonority. [Formed from צוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

צוֹלְלָן m.n. NH member of a submarine crew. [Formed from צוֹלֵל ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

צוֹלֶֽלֶת f.n. NH submarine, U-boat. [Subst. use of the f. part. of צָלַל. See צלל ᴵ.]

צוֹלֵֽעַ adj. 1 limping, lame. NH 2 shaky. [Part. of צָלַע. See צלע.]

צוֹלְפָנִי adj. NH whipping, biting (used in a fig. sense). [Formed from צוֹלֵף, part. of צָלַף (= he whipped; see צלף), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

צום to fast. [Aram.–Syr. צָם (= he fasted), Arab. ṣāma, Ethiop. ṣōma (= he fasted), are Aram. loan words.]—Qal צָם intr. v. he fasted. Derivatives: צוֹם, צַיֽמָן.

צוֹם m.n. (pl. צוֹמוֹת) fast. [From צום, whence also Aram. צוֹם, צוֹמָא (= fast).]

צוֹמֵד m.n. NH accolade (music). [Subst. use of the act. part. of צָמַד. See צמד.]

צוֹמֵֽחַ adj. & m.n. 1 growing. MH 2 plants (collectively). MH 3 flora. [Part. of צָמַח. See צמח.]

צוֹמֵק adj. dry, wrinkled, shrunken (in the Bible occurring only Hos. 9:14 in the pl.). [Act. part. of צָמַק. See צמק.]

צוּנָם m.n. PBH hard stone, rock, flint. [From Aram. צֻנָּמָא or Syr. צוּנָמָא.]

צוֹנֵן adj. & m.n. cold. [Act. part. of צָנַן. See צנן.]

צוֹנְנִים m.n. pl. NH cold water (pl. of צוֹנֵן.]

צוֹעֵן adj. NH wandering, nomad. [Part. of צָעַן. See צען and cp. צוֹעֲנִי.]

צוֹעֲנִי m.n. NH gypsy. [A blend of צוֹעֵן and Russian tzigan or Ger. Zigeuner (= gypsy). For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: צוֹעֲנִיּוּת.

צוֹעֲנִיּוּת f.n. NH gypsy (or nomadic) life. [Formed from צוֹעֲנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

צוֹעֵר m.n. 1 a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 3:7 and prob. meaning ‘shepherd’s assistant’. NH 2 cadet. [Part. of צָעַר. See צער.]

צוּף ᴵ m.n. honeycomb (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 19:11; Pr. 16:24). [Prob. derived from צוף and lit. meaning ‘the overflowing’ (honey).] Derivatives: צוּפִית, צוּפָן.

צוּף ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH bundle of wool. [Related to Arab. ṣūf (= wool).]

צוֹפֶה m.n. 1 watchman. PBH 2 seer, prophet. NH 3 scout. [Properly subst. use of the part. of צָפִי. See צפה ᴵ and cp. צוֹפִי.] Derivative: צוֹפִי.

צוֹפִי adj. NH scout (adj.), scouting (adj.). [From צוֹפֶה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

צוֹפִיּוּת f.n. NH scouting, scouthood. [Formed from צוֹפֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

צוּפִית f.n. NH honeysucker, sunbird. [Formed from צוף with suff. ◌וּת.]

צוּפָן m.n. NH nectary. [Formed from צוּף ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.]

צוֹפָר m.n. NH siren. [From צפר ᴵ.]

צוץ to chirp, twitter.
    — Pi. - צִוֵּץ it (the bird) chirped, twittered.
    — Hiph. - הִצְוִיץ (of s.m.). [Of imitative origin.] Derivative: צֽוִיץ.

צוֹצֵל m.n. PBH (f. צוֹצֶלֶת) a kind of dove (Streptopelia senegalensis). [From Aram. צִיצְלָא, also צוּלְצְלָא, which are prob. of imitative origin. cp. צֽלָצַל.]

צוֹצֶֽלֶת f. of צוֹצֵל (q.v.).

צוק ᴵ to constrain, press upon, distress.
    — Hiph. - הֵצִיק he constrained, pressed upon, distressed, afflicted.
    — Hoph. - הוּצַק was constrained, was pressed upon, was distressed, was afflicted. [Aram. עִיק (= to be narrow), עוּק (= to be annoyed, be weary), Arab. ḍāqa, Ethiop. ṭōqa (= was narrow), Akka. sāqu (= to be narrow). Related to base עוק.] Derivatives: צוֹק ᴵ, צוּקָה, צִיקָה ᴵ, הֲצָקָה, מָצוֹק, מְצוּקָה, מוּצָק ᴵᴵ, prob. also צַיְקָן.

צוק ᴵᴵ to pour out.
    — Qal - צָק he poured out (the imper. יָצוּק occurs already in the Bible, Job 28:2, 29:6). [A secondary form of יצק. See צוק ᴵᴵ and cp. צָקוּן.]

צוֹק ᴵ m.n. constraint, distress (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Dan. 9:25 in the phrase בּֽצוֹק הָעִתִּים, ‘in the stress of the times’). [From צוק ᴵ.]

צוֹק ᴵᴵ, צוּק m.n. PBH rock, cliff. [Of unknown origin. Perhaps derived from יצק or מוּצָק.] Derivative: צוּקִית.

צוּקָה f.n. pressure, distress. [Formed from צוק ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צוּקִית f.n. NH rock thrush, Monticola (a kind of bird), [Formed from צוּק with suff. ◌ִית.]

צור ᴵ to bind, wrap, tie; to confine in, narrow, compress; to enclose, shut in; to lay siege to, besiege.
    — Qal - צָר 1 he bound (money in bags); 2 he confined in; 3 he enclosed, shut in; 4 he laid siege to, besieged.
    — Niph. - נֶצוֹר was besieged (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 1:8 in the phrase עִיר נְצוּרָה, ‘a besieged city’). [JAram.-Syr. צָר (= he bound, wrapped), Arab. ṣarra (= he tied a pouch; he barred the road). Related to צרר ᴵ.] Derivatives: מָצוֹר, מְצוּרָה, נָצוּר. cp. צִיר ᴵⱽ.

צור ᴵᴵ prob. base of צַוָּאר (= neck). [q.v.]

צור ᴵᴵᴵ to fashion, shape, form.
    — Qal - צָר he shaped, fashioned, formed. [Base of צוּרָה. cp. Aram.–Syr. צָר (= he fashioned, shaped, formed), צוּרְתָּא (= shape, form, image, picture, statue), Arab. ṣura (= shape, form, picture). According to some scholars, these nouns are all perhaps borrowed from Akka. uṣurutu, from eṣēru (= to draw, shape, form). Arab. ṣūra (= shape, form, image, picture) is prob. a Syr. loan word. צוּר ᴵᴵᴵ is a secondary form of יצר. cp. ציר ᴵ.] Derivatives: צוּרָן, צִיּוּר, צַיָּר, צִיֹּרֶת, הִצֽטַיּֽרוּת, מֽצֻיָּר, תּֽצוּרָה.

צור ᴵⱽ to show hostility to, treat as a foe.
    — Qal - צָר he showed hostility to, treated as a foe. [A secondary form of צרר ᴵᴵ.]

צוּו m.n. 1 rock, cliff. 2 boulder. 3 support, defense, fortress, place of refuge. [Related to BAram. and Aram. טוּר, טוּרָא, Syr. טוּרָא (= mount, mountain).]

צוֹרֵב adj. NH burning, caustic. [Part. of צָרַב. See צרב.] Derivative: צוֹרֽבָנִי.

צוֹרְבָא m.n. PBH scholar (occurring only in the phrase צוֹרֽבָא מַרַבָּנָן, ‘a Rabbinic scholar’). [Aram., of uncertain origin. Perhaps derived from צרב (= to burn), and lit. denoting ‘one who is burned or singed by the fire of the Sages’.]

צוֹרְבָנִי adj. NH caustic. [Formed from צוֹרֵב with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

צוּרָה f.n. 1 fashion, shape, form, figure. PBH 2 picture, pattern. PBH 3 face, countenance. NH 4 expression. NH 5 type. [Formed from צור ᴵᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: צוּרָן, צוּרָנִי, צוּרָתִי.

צַוָּרוֹן m.n. (now usually spelt צַוָּארוֹן) 1 necklace (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 4:9 in the form צַוּֽרֹנָיִךְ). 2 collar. [From צַוָּאר.] Derivative: צַוְּרוֹנִית.

צַוְּרוֹנִית f.n. NH scarf. [Formed from צַוָּרוֹן with suff. ◌ִית.]

צוֹרְמָנִי adj. NH screeching, harsh. [Formed from צוֹרֵם, part. of צָרַם (= he grated; see צרם), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

צוּרָן m.n. NH morpheme. [Formed from צוּרָה with suff. ◌ָן.]

צוּרָנִי adj. NH formal. [Formed from צוּרָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

צוֹרֵף m.n. goldsmith, silversmith. [Subst. use of the act. part. of צָרַף. See צרף.] Derivative: צוֹרֽפוּת.

צוֹרְפוּת f.n. NH goldsmith’s work. [Formed from צוֹרֵף with suff. ◌וּת.]

צוֹרֵר m.n. enemy, oppressor. [Act. part. of צָרַר. See צרר ᴵᴵ.]

צוּרָתִי adj. NH formal. [Formed from צוּרָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

צות ᴵ to kindle, burn.
    — Hiph. - הֵצִית he kindled, burned (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 27:4 in the form אֲצִיתָנָּה, ‘I will burn it’). [A secondary form of יצת.]

צות ᴵᴵ to listen.
    — Pol. - צוֹתֵת he listened.
    — Hiph. - הֵצִית he listened.
    — Pi. - צִיֵּת he listened, obeyed. [Aram. צַיֵּת, אַצֵּית (= he listened), Syr. צַוְתָא (= hearkening), Arab. ṣaut (= voice).] Derivatives: צִיּוּת, צַיְּתָן.

צות ᴵᴵᴵ to join, follow.
    — Qal - צָוַת he joined, followed, he teamed up with.
    — Pi. - צִוֵּת he manned.
    — Pu. - צֻוַּת was manned.
    — Nith. - נִצֽטַוֵּת he joined, he teamed up with. [A secondary form of צבת ᴵ. cp. Aram. צְוַת (= he joined), Aram.–Syr. צַוֽתָּא (= association, society). cp. צֶוָת.] Derivatives: צֶוֶת, צִוּוּת, הִצְטַוְּתוּת. cp. צַוְתָּא.

צֶֽוֶת m.n. PBH PBH 1 association, society. NH 2 crew. NH 3 panel. [From Aram. צַוְתָּא (q.v.).]

צַוְתָּא m.n. PBH association, society. [Aram., from צֽוַת (= he joined). See צות ᴵᴵᴵ.]

צֶזוּרָה f.n. FW caesura. [L. caesūra (= a cutting), formed from caesus, p. part. of caedere (= to cut, hew, lop), which is cogn. with Old I. khidáti, skhidáti (= thrusts, tears), khḗdā, khēdayati (= molests, tires, fatigues). cp. צָמֶנֽט and the second element in גֵּ׳ינוֹסַיֽד.]

צַח adj. dazzling, glowing, bright, clear, pure. [From צחח ᴵ.] Derivative: צַחוּת.

צִחֶה adj. dry, parched (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 5:13 in the phrase צִחֵה צָמָא (= parched with thirst). [From צחה.]

צחה to be dry, be parched, be thirsty. [JAram. צְחָא, צְחִי (= was thirsty), Syr. צֶחָא (= burning heat), צַחֽוָא (= clear sky), Arab. ṣaḥā, Ethiop. ṣeḥewa (= was clear, was cloudless). cp. also Arab. ṣāḥa (= he dried up, dried out). Related to צחח ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: צִחָה, צָחוּי.

צָחוּי adj. MH dry, parched. [From צחה.]

צָחוּן adj. MH stinking, smelly. [Pass. part. of צָחַן. See צחן.]

צְחוֹק m.n. laughter. [From צחק. cp. שְׂחוֹק.]

צָחוֹר adj. white (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 5:10). [From צחר. cp. צֽחוֹר.]

צְחוֹר m.n. MH whiteness. [From צחר. cp. צָחוֹר.]

צַחוּת f.n. MH clearness, purity, clarity. [Formed from צַח with suff. ◌וּת.]

צחח ᴵ to be dazzling, be bright, be clear.
    — Qal - צַח, צָחַח was dazzling, was bright, was clear.
    — Pilp. - צִחְצַח , Pulp. צֻחְצַח, Hithpalp. הִצְטַחֽצַח (see צחצח). [JAram. צְחַח (= was shining, was bright), צְחִיחַ (= shining, bright), Syr. צַח (= it glowed), צַחִיחָא (= glowing). Related to צחה.]

צחח ᴵᴵ to become dry.
    — Hiph. - הִצְחִיחַ 1 became dry; 2 he made dry. [Back formation from צְחִיחַ.] Derivative: הַצְחָחָה.

צִחָיוֹן m.n. MH dryness. [Formed from צחה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

צָחִֽיחַ adj. NH dry, arid. [From צֽחִיחַ.] Derivative: צֽחִיחוּת.

צְחִֽיחַ m.n. 1 dry surface. NH 2 drought. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Arab. ṣiḥ (= earth exposed to the sun).] Derivatives: צָחִיחַ, צחח ᴵᴵ.

צְחִיחָה f.n. dry, parched land (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 68:7). [A secondary form of צְחִיחַ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְחִיחוּת f.n. NH dryness, aridity. [Formed from צָחִיחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

צחן to stink.
    — Qal - צָחַן 1 it stank; 2 caused stench, he caused to stink, made filthy.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽחִין he caused to stink, caused a stench. [Aram. צֽחַנְתָּא (= something stinking), Syr. צֽחַן, צַחֽנָא (= filthy, dirty), Arab. ṣanaḫa (= stench), saniḫ and zaniḫ (= stinking).] Derivatives: צַחַן, צַחֲנָה ᴵ, צַחֲנָן, צָחוּן, הַצְחָנָה, מַצְחִין.

צַֽחַן m.n. MH stench. [Back formation from צַחֲנָה ᴵ.]

צַחֲנָה ᴵ f.n. stench, bad smell (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Joel 2:8 in the form צַחֲנָתוֹ). [From צחן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

צַחֲנָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH small fish preserved in brine. [Borrowed from Aram. צֽחַנְתָּא (of s.m.). cp. Syr. צַחֽנָא (= bowl, dish), צָחְנִיתָא (= fish snack, relish), which is related to Arab. ṣaḥn (= bowl, dish), ṣaḥnā (= sardine), and to Heb. צַלַּחַת (= bowl, dish).]

צַחֲנָן m.n. NH Anagyris foetida (botany). [Formed from צחן with suff. ◌ָן.]

צַחֲפָה f.n. NH platform. [From צחפת, a word occurring in an Old Canaanite inscription.]

צַחְצֽוֹחַ m.n. PBH drop. [Related to Arab. ḍaḥḍāḥ (= a little water).] Derivative: צַחֽצוֹחִית.

צַחְצוֹחִית f.n. PBH a little drop. [Formed from צַחְצוֹחַ with suff. ◌ִית.]

צִחְצֽוּחַ m.n. PBH polishing, burnishing. [Verbal n. of צִחְצַח, Pilp. of צחצח.]

צחצח to polish.
    — Pilp. - צִחֽצַח he polished, furbished.
    — Pulp. - צֻחֽצַח was polished, was furbished.
    — Hithpalp. - הִצֽטַחֽצַח MH 1 became polished, became furbished; NH 2 he smartened himself; NH 3 it shone, flashed, brightened. [Pilp. of צחח ᴵ. For other Pilpel verbs formed from ע״ע verbs cp. בזבז and verbs there referred to.] Derivatives: צִחְצוּחַ, צַחְצָחוּת, צַחְצְחָן, הִצְטַחְצְחוּת.

צַחְצָחוּת f.n. NH purity, brightness. [Formed from צחצח with suff. ◌וּת.]

צַחֽצָחוֹת f.n. pl. scorched land (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 58:11). [Formed from צחח ᴵᴵ through reduplicating the first and second radical. cp. Arab. ṣaḥṣaḥān (= bare land).]

צַחְצְחָן m.n. NH purist. [Formed from צִחְצַח, Pilp. of צחצח, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

צחק to laugh.
    — Qal - צָחַק 1 he laughed; 2 he mocked, derided; PBH 3 he sported, played.
    — Pi. - צִחֵק 1 he jested; 2 he sported, played; 3 he mocked, derided.
    — Hith. - הִצְטַחֵק he smiled, chuckled.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽחִיק 1 he made laugh; 2 he caused laughter.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְחַק was made to laugh.
    — Pilp. (see . - צחקק ). [Ugar. ṣhq (= to laugh), JAram. צֽחַק, JAram.–Syr. גְּחֵךְ (the ע, regular correspondence of Heb. צ, Arab. ḍ, was dissimilated into ג), JAram. דֽחֵךְ, חאיךְ, חַיִךְ, גהך, Babylonian Aram. אֲחֵךְ, Arab. ḍaḥiqa, Ethiop. shaḥaqa (= he laughed). cp. the collateral form שׂחק. cp. also גחך.] Derivatives: צַחַק, צַחֲקָה, צַחֲקָן, צְחוֹק, הִצְטַחֲקוּת.

צַֽחַק m.n. MH laughter. [From צחק.]

צַחֲקָה f.n. MH smile. [Formed from צחק with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צִחְקוּק m.n. NH chuckle, giggle. [Verbal n. of צִחֽקֵק. See צחקק.]

צַחֲקָן m.n. NH a laughter-loving person. [Formed from צחק with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. שַׂחֲקָן.] Derivatives: צַחֲקָנוּת, צַחֲקָנִי.

צַחֲקָנוּת f.n. NH laughter-loving. [Formed from צַחֲקָן with suff. ◌וּת. cp. שַׂחֲקָנוּת.]

צַחֲקָנִי adj. NH laughter-loving. [Formed from צַחֲקָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

צחקק to giggle.
    — Pilp. - צִחֽקֵק he chuckled, giggled.
    — Nithpalpel. - נִצֽטַחֽקֵק (of s.m.). [Pilp. of צחק.] Derivative: צִחֽקוּק.

צחר to be white.
    — Qal - צָחַר was white.
    — Pi. - צִחֵר he whitened, made white.
    — Hiph. - הִצְחִיר 1 he whitened, made white; 2 whitened, became white. [Arab. ṣ-ḥ-r (= dried up, became yellow), ’ aṣḥar, f. ṣaḥrā (= yellowish-red). whence used as a noun, aṣ-ṣaḥrā (= the yellowish-red land, desert; the Sahara), Mand. צוהאר (= white). Perhaps related to Akka. ṣēru (= field, steppe, desert). Base of צַחַר, צָחוֹר, צֽחוֹר, צֽחַרֽחַר.]

צַֽחַר m.n. whiteness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 27:18 in the phrase צֶמֶר צָחַר, which prob. means ‘white wool’).

צְחַרְחַר adj. whitish. [Formed from צחר through reduplication of the second and third radical on the analogy of אֲדַמְדַּם (= reddish), which derives from אדם (= to be red).]

צִטּוּט m.n. NH quotation. [Verbal n. of צִטֵּט. See צטט.]

צטט to quote.
    — Pi. - צִטֵּט he quoted.
    — Pu. - צֻטַּט was quoted. [Denominated from צִיטָטָה.] Derivatives: צִטּוּט, צַטְּטָנוּת.

צַטְּטָנוּת f.n. NH tendency to use quotations. [Formed from צִטֵּט (see צטט) with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

צִי ᴵ m.n. (pl. צִיִּים and צִים) 1 ship, boat. NH 2 fleet. NH 3 navy. [According to some scholars a loan word from Egypt. t’aī.]

צִי ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. צִיִּים) wild animals (living in deserts). [Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars it is related to Arab. ḍayuwan (= wild cat). According to other scholars it is a contraction of צָוֵי, which is related to Arab. ṣawā(y) (= he cried), hence lit. meaning ‘crier’. Some scholars see in צִי ᴵᴵ a back formation from צִיָּה (= desert), so that צִי would lit. mean ‘desert dweller’.]

צִיאָן m.n. FW cyanide (chemistry). [Gk. kyan, from kyanos (= dark blue enamel, lapis lazuli, the dark blue color) a foreign word connected with Hitt. kuwanna(n) (= copper, copper blue, ornamental stone).]

צִיאָנוֹזָה f.n. FW cyanosis (disease). [Medical L. cyanosis, formed from Gk. kyanos (see צִיאָן) and suff. – osis (see suff. ‘–osis’ in my CEDEL).]

צִיב m.n. PBH fiber. [Together with Aram. צִיבָא (= fiber), Syr. צִיבָא, pl. צִיבֵא (= chips of wood, splinters, slices of dried meat), of uncertain origin. cp. סִיב. cp. also the first element in צִיבְחַד.]

צִיבְחַד PBH (incorrectly spelt סִיבְחַד) a little. [Aram., compounded of צִיב (= fiber) and חַד (= one), hence lit. meaning ‘a little fiber’.] Derivative: צִיבִית.

צִיבִילִי adj. FW civil, civilian. [L. cīvīlis (= pertaining to a citizen, pertaining to public life; polite), from cīvis (= member of a community, citizen), from IE base * kei- (= to lie, settle, down), whence also Gk. keisthai (= to lie, to lie asleep), koitos (= place to lie down in, bed; sleeping, sleep), etc. All these and other words derived from this base denote relationship or love to the family or clan. See ‘home’ in my CEDEL.]

צִיבִילִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW civilization. [Fren. civilisation, from civiliser (= to civilize), from civil, from L. cīvīlis. See צִיבִילִי and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

צִיבִית f.n. NH celluloid. [Formed from צִיב with suff. ◌ִית.]

צִיגָה f.n. MH standing. [Verbal n. of צָג (= he stood). See צוג and first suff. ◌ָה.]

ציד to feed, provide with provisions.
    — Pi. - צִיֵּד he equipped, furnished, provided, supplied.
    — Pu. - צֻיַּד was equipped, was furnished, was provided, was supplied.
    — Hith. - הִצֽטַיֵּד he supplied himself with provisions (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Josh. 9:12 in the form הִצְטַיַּדְנוּ). [Akka. ṣadū (= to feed), ṣidītu (= provisions), Aram.–Syr. זְוָדָא, Arab. zād (= provisions for a journey). cp. זְוָד, מִזְוָד, מִזְוָדָה.] Derivatives: צַיִד ᴵᴵ, צֵידָה, צִיּוּד, מְצֻיָּד, הִצֽטַיְּדוּת.

צַֽיִד ᴵ m.n. 1 hunting. 2 game. [From צוד.]

צַֽיִד ᴵᴵ m.n. food, provision. [From ציד.]

צַיָּד m.n. hunter (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 16:16). [Nomen opificis, formed from צוד, after the pattern פַּעָל. cp. Aram. צַיָּדָא, Arab. ṣayyād (= hunter).] Derivative: צַיָּדוּת.

צֵידָה f.n. provisions for the journey; provisions. [Formed from ציד with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צִידָה f.n. PBH hunting, catching. [Verbal n. of צוּד. See צוד.]

צַיָּדוּת f.n. NH huntsmanship. [Formed from צַיָּד with suff. ◌וּת.]

צֵידָנִי adj. PBH flattering, deceiving; hypocrite. [Formed from עוד (= to hunt, to entice), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

צִיָּה f.n. 1 dryness, drought. 2 dry country, desert. [Related to Aram. צֽוִי א[[illegible]], Syr. צֽוִי (= was parched, was dry), Mand. צוא (= to be dry), Arab. ṣawā(y) and ṣawiya (= dried up, withered, wilted), Akka. ṣītu (= drought). For the ending of צִיָּה see first suff. ◌ָה.] Possible derivative: צִי ᴵᴵ. cp. צָיוֹן.

◌ַצְיָה FW suff. corresponding to Eng. – ation, (as in דֶּלֶגַצְיָה, ‘delegation’). [L. – ātiō, a suff. forming nouns of action.]

צִיּוּד m.n. NH 1 equipping, equipment. 2 provisions, stores. 3 supply. [Verbal n. of צִיֵּד, Pi. of ציד.]

צָיוֹן m.n. dry ground, desert (in the Bible occurring only Is. 25:5 and 32:2). [Related to צִיָּה.]

צִיּוֹן f.n. Zion. [Of uncertain etymology. Some scholars derive it from צוה in the sense ‘to erect’ (cp. צִיּוּן). Others connect it with base צין, appearing in Arab. ṣāna (= he protected), so that צִיּוֹן would lit. mean ‘fortress, citadel’. Scholars, with reference to Syr. צֶהְיוּן (= Heb. צִיּוֹן), derive these words from base צהה or ציה; according to them the orig. meaning of צִיוֹן would be ‘bare hill’. Other scholars regard Syr. צֶהְיוּן as the older form.] Derivatives: צִיּוֹנוּת, צִיּוֹנִי.

צִיּוּן m.n. 1 monument. 2 landmark, signpost. 3 gravestone. [Related to Syr. צְוָיָא (= heap of stones), Arab. ṣuwwa (= heap of stones used for road mark). These words prob. derive from base צוה in the sense ‘to erect’.] Derivative: צין.

צִיּוֹנוּת f.n. NH Zionism. [Formed from צִיּוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

צִיּוֹנִי 1 Zionist. 2 Zionistic. Derivative: צִיּוֹנִיּוּת.

צִיּוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH Zionist characteristics, Zionism. [Formed from צִיּוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

צִיּוּץ m.n. NH twittering, chirping. [Verbal n. of צִיֵּץ. See ציץ.]

צִיּוּר m.n. MH 1 painting. NH 2 drawing. PBH 3 figure. MH 4 (short for צִיּוּר־הַלֵּב) conception, notion, idea. [Verbal n. of צִיֵּר, Pi. of ציר ᴵ.] Derivative: צִיּוּרִי.

צִיּוּרִי adj. NH 1 pictorial, picturesque. NH 2 descriptive. MH 3 figurative, imaginative. [Formed from צִיּוּר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: צִיּוּרִיּוּת.

צִיּוּרִיּוּת f.n. NH picturesqueness, descriptiveness. [Formed from צִיּוּרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

צִיּוּת m.n. MH obeying, obedience. [Verbal n. of צִיֵּת, Pi. of צית.]

צִיטוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW cytology (biology). [Medical L. Cytologia (= lit.: ‘study of cells’), compounded from cyto-, combining form meaning ‘pertaining to cells’, from Gk. kytos (= a hollow vessel), and Gk. - logia (see ◌לוֹגִיַה).]

צִיטָט, צִיטָטָה f.n. FW citation, quotation. [L. citātus, p. part. of citāre (= to put into quick motion, excite, provoke, call urgently), from base * qi-, whence also Gk. kinein (= to move). Related to base * qieu-, whence Old I. cyávatē (= moves, goes away). cp. קִינֶטִיקָה and רֶסִיטַל. cp. also ‘cite’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.] Derivative: צטט.

צִיטְרוּס m.n. FW citrus. [L. citrus (= citron tree), from Gk. kedros (= cedar), which prob. denoted orig. ‘a tree whose wood was used for burning sacrifices’, and derives from Heb. קָטַר (= he exhaled odor, smoked). See קטר. For sense development cp. Gk. thia, name of an African tree, properly ‘a tree whose wood was burned for sacrificial purposes’, from thuein (= to sacrifice), properly ‘to cause to smoke’. See ‘cedar’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘citron’ ibid.]

צִילִינְדֶּר m.n. FW cylinder. [L. cylindrus, from Gk. kylindros (= roller, roll, cylinder), from Gk. kylindein (= to roll), which prob. derives from IE base * (s)qel- (= to bend, twist). See ‘cylinder’ in my CEDEL and cp. צִיקְלוּס.] Derivative: צִילִינְדְּרִי.

צִילִינְדְּרִי adj. FW cylindrical. [Formed from צִילִינְדֶר with suff. ◌ִי.]

צַיְלָן m.n. NH erroneou form of צַלְיָן.

צַיְמָן m.n. PBH ascetic. [A word of uncertain meaning occurring in the Talmud in the phrase בּֽתוּלָה צַיֽמָנִית. Perhaps formed from צום (= to fast), with agential suff. ◌ָן and meaning ‘faster, ascetic’.]

צין to make a note, make a mark.
    — Pi. - צִיֵּן PBH 1 he pointed out, marked; NH 2 he remarked, noted; NH 3 he distinguished, characterized.
    — Pu. - צֻיַּן PBH 1 was pointed out, was marked; NH 2 was distinguished.
    — Hith. - הִצְטַיֵּן 1 he distinguished himself; 2 he was distinguished. [Back formation from צִיּוּן (q.v.), whose suff. ◌ן was mistaken for the third radical of the stem.] Derivatives: הִצְטַיְּנוּת, מְצֻיָּן.

צִינוֹק ᴵ m.n. stocks, pillory (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 19:26). [Related to Arab. zanaqa (= he tightened, constricted), zināq (= neck-band), ṣanuqa (= was straitened), Syr. זַנְקָא (= thread). According to some scholars all these nouns are borrowed from Akka. NH צִינוֹק (= bundle) is derivatively identical with Biblical Heb. צִינוֹק (see צִינוֹק ᴵᴵ).]

צִינוֹק ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH bundle. [See צִינוֹק ᴵ.]

צִינִי adj. FW cynic(al). [Back formation from Gk. kynikos, an adj. formed from Kynosarges (= Cynosarges), a gymnasium near Athens. It was in this gymnasium that Antisthenes taught, whence his disciples were called kynikoi, lit. ‘of Cynosarges’. For sense development cp. סְטוֹאִי (= stoic) and אֲקָדֵמִי (= academician), which are also formed from place-names. The usual derivation of Gk. kynikos (= a cynic), from kyon (= dog), and the explanation that kynikos orig. denoted a ‘doglike’ philosopher, is erroneous. The only connection between a cynic and a dog is given by the quite incidental fact that the first element in the name Kynosarges comes from kyon (= dog). For the ending of צִינִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: צִינִיּוּת.

צִינִיּוּת f.n. FW cynicism. [Formed from צִינִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

צִינִיזְם m.n. FW cynicism. [Fren. cynisme, from cynic. See צִינִי and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

צִינִיקָן m.n. FW cynic. [Gk. kynikos. See צִינִי.]

צִינְק m.n. FW zinc (= Heb. אָבָץ). [Ger. Zink, properly the same as Zinke, Zinken (= spike, prong of a fork, jagged projection, tooth of a comb); so called because of the shape in which this metal settles in the furnace.]

צִינְקוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW zincography. [A hybrid coined from Ger. Zink (see צִינֽק) and Gk. – graphia (see ◌גֽרַפְיָה).]

צִיסְטָה f.n. FW cyst. [Med. L. cystis, from Gk. kistis (= bladder, bag, pouch).]

צִיפָה ᴵ f.n. PBH pulp (of fruit). [Aram. צִיפָא. The meaning is based on Rashi’s commentary.]

צִיפָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH flowing, floating, flotation. [Verbal n. of צָף. See צוף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

ציץ ᴵ to bloom, blossom, flower.
    — Qal - צָץ it bloomed, blossomed, flowered (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 7:10 in the form צָץ).
    — Hiph. - הֵצִיץ it put forth blossoms, sprouted.
    — Hoph. - הוּצַץ it was made to blossom, grew. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps formed through reduplication from base צו or צא, and orig. meaning ‘to shine’. cp. Arab. ḍau (= light). For sense development cp. Arab. zahr (= blossom), from zahara (= it shone). cp. also סִיס ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: צִיץ, הֲצָצָה ᴵ.

ציץ ᴵᴵ to look at, glance.
    — Hiph. - הֵצִיץ 1 he looked at, glanced, peeped (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 2:9 in the form of the part. הֵצִיץ); NH 2 it appeared. [Arab. waṣwaṣa, waṣṣaṣa (= he peeped from behind the veil).] Derivatives: הֲצָצָה ᴵᴵ, מֽצִיצָן.

ציץ ᴵᴵᴵ to twitter, chirp.
    — Pi. - צִיֵּץ it twittered, chirped.
    — Hith. - הִצֽטַיֵּץ it began to twitter, began to chirp. [Aram. צַיֵּץ (= the bird twittered, chirped). Of imitative origin.] Derivatives: צִיּוּץ, צַיְּצָנִי.

ציץ ᴵⱽ to furnish with fringes.
    — Pi. - צִיֵּץ he furnished with fringes.
    — Pu. - צֻיַּץ was furnished with fringes. [Denominated from צִצִית.]

צִיץ m.n. 1 blossom, flower. 2 a shining plate of gold. 3 ornament. 4 wing. [From ציץ ᴵ. cp. Egypt. ṣiṣi (= ornament of flowers).] Derivative: צִיצָה, prob. also צִיצִית.

צִיצָה f.n. 1 blossom, flower (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 28:4 in the phrase צִיצַת נֹבֵל, ‘the fading flower’, lit. ‘the flower of what fades’). NH 2 fringe, tassel. NH 3 tuft (also in botany). [Nomen unitatis of צִיץ. For the ending see second suff. ◌ָה.]

צִיצִית f.n. 1 lock of hair, forelock. 2 fringe, tassel (esp. the fringe of a garment), ‘zizith’. [Related to Aram. צִיצִיתָא, Syr. צוּצִיתָא (of s.m.), and prob. also to Arab. sīsiya (= cockscomb). These words are of uncertain etymology. According to most scholars צִיצִית is a derivative of צִיץ.] Derivative: ציץ ᴵⱽ.

צַיְּצָנִי adj. NH squeaky. [Formed from צִיֵּץ, Pi. of ציץ ᴵᴵᴵ, with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

צִיק m.n. PBH dish of mincemeats (occurring in the Talmud only in the phrase צִיקֵי־קְדֵרָה, a dish consisting of minced meats mixed with wine and spices). [Prob. derived from base צוק, a secondary form of יצק (= to pour).]

צִיקָדָה f.n. FW Cicada (a genus of insects). [From L. cicāda (= tree cricket), which is perhaps a loan word from a Mediterranean language.]

צִיקְלוֹטְרוֹן m.n. FW cyclotron. [Coined from Gk. kyklos (= circle), with the ending of electron. See צִיקְלוּס and אֶלֶקְטְרוֹן.]

צִיקְלוֹן m.n. FW cyclone. [Eng. cyclone, irregularly formed from Gk. kyklos (= circle), or from kylon (= whirling round), pres. part. of kykloun (= to move in a circle, whirl round), which is a derivative of kyklos (see צִיקֽלוּס). The word cyclone was coined by H. Piddington in 1848.]

צִיקְלוּס m.n. FW (pl. צִיקֽלִים) cycle. [Late L. cyclus, from Gk. kyklos (= ring, circle, wheel), from IE base * qe-qlos, reduplication of base * (s)qel–, * (s)qel– (= to bend, turn, turn round, move about). See ‘wheel’ in my CEDEL and cp. פּוֹלָרִי. cp. Also צִיקֽלוֹן and the first element in צִיקְלוֹטְרוֹן and in צִיקְלוֹפּ. cp. also צִילִינֽדֶּר.]

צִיקְלוֹפּ m.n. FW Cyclops (Greek mythology). [L. Cyclōps, from Gk. kyklops, lit. ‘round-eyed’, from kyklos (= circle; see צִיקְלוּס), and ops (= eye), from IE base * ōk–, a collateral form of base * ok (= eye). See אוֹפְּטִי and cp. words there referred to.]

צַיְקָן adj. & m.n. PBH stingy, miser, avaricious. [Prob. formed from צוק ᴵ (= to be narrow), in the special sense ‘to be narrow-minded’, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: צַיְקָנוּת.

צַיְקָנוּת f.n. NH stinginess, miserliness, avarice. [Formed from צַיְקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

ציר ᴵ to draw, paint.
    — Pi. - צִיֵּר PBH 1 he drew, painted. MH 2 (fig.) he pictured, imagined.
    — Pu. - צֻיַּר PBH 1 was drawn, was painted; MH 2 (fig.) was pictured, was imagined.
    — Hith. - הִצֽטַיֵּר 1 he painted or disguised himself; MH 2 (fig.), was pictured, was imagined. [Derived from צור ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: צַיָּר, צַיּֽרָנוּת, צַיְּרָנִי, צִיּוּר, צִיֹּרֶת, מְצֻיָּר.

ציר ᴵᴵ to turn, revolve. [Prob. base of צַוָּאר (= neck), of צִיר ᴵᴵ (= hinge, pivot of the door), and of צִיר ᴵᴵᴵ (= pangs of childbirth).

ציר ᴵᴵᴵ to act as a messenger.
    — Hith. - הִצְטַיֵּר he acted as a messenger (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Josh. 9:4 in the form וַיִּצְטַיָּרוּ and rendered by most commentators ‘and they acted as messengers’; for another explanation see ציר ᴵ). [Denominated from צִיר ᴵ (= messenger).]

צִיר ᴵ m.n. 1 messenger, envoy. NH 2 minister (in diplomatic service). NH 3 member of parliament. [Prob. related to Arab. ṣāra (= he betook himself, came, went, became, attained). Several Several scholars connect צִיר ᴵ with Aram. עִיר (= angel; see עִיר ᴵᴵ).] Derivative: צִירוּת.

צִיר ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 hinge, pivot of a door (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 26:14). NH 2 pole (North or South). NH 3 axle, axis. NH 4 axis (in the political sense). [Related to Aram. צִירָא, צִירְתָּא, Syr. צָיַרְתָא, Arab. ṣā’ir and, ṣiyyāra (= hinge, pivot of the door), ṣīr (= crack of the door), Akka. ṣirru (= hinge, pivot of the door). All these words prob. derive from base ציר ᴵᴵ (= to turn, revolve).]

צִיר ᴵⱽ m.n. PBH juice, brine. [Together with Aram. צִירָא (of s.m.), of uncertain origin. Perhaps derived from צור ᴵ and lit. meaning ‘that which is pressed out’.]

צַיָּר m.n. PBH painter, artist. [Nomen opificis formed from צִיֵּר, Pi. of ציר ᴵ. cp. Syr. צָר, צַיָּרָא (= painter).] Derivatives: צַיָּרוּת, צַיָּרִי.

צֵירֶה m.n. MH (pl. צֵרִין) ‘tsere’ (Heb. grammar). [From Aram. צְרֵי, Syr. צֽרָי, צְרָיָא, צֶרְיָא (= a rending asunder, splitting, tearing, bursting, crack, rift, cleft). Prob. a loan translation of Arab. kasra, name of the vowel i, lit. ‘a breaking, breach’.]

צִירוּס m.n. FW cirrus (meteorology). [From L. cirus (= lock, curl, ringlet, tuft of hair), which is of uncertain origin.]

צִירוּת f.n. NH legation. [Formed from צִיר ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

צַיָּרוּת f.n. NH the art of painting. [Formed from צַיָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

צַיָּרִי adj. NH pertaining to a painter. [Formed from צַיָּר with suff. ◌ִי.]

צִירָן adj. PBH watery-eyed, bleary-eyed. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps formed from צִיר ᴵⱽ (= juice), with adj. suff. ◌ָן.]

צַיְּרָנוּת f.n. NH picturesqueness, descriptiveness. [Formed from צִיֵּר, Pi. of ציר ᴵ, with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

צַיְּרָנִי adj. NH picturesque, descriptive. [Formed from צִיֵּר, Pi. of ציר ᴵ, with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

צִירְקוּלַצְיָה f.n. FW circulation. [From L. circulus, dimin. of circus (= ring), which is more prob. borrowed from, than cogn. with Gk. kirkos, krikos (= a ring), derivatives of IE * qri-q-, enlargement of base * qer– (= to turn, twist), whence L. curvus (= bent, curved). See ‘curve’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of צִירֽקוּלַצֽיָה see suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

צִירְקוּלָר m.n. FW circular. [From L. circulāris (= circular). See צִירֽקוּלַצְיָה.]

צִיֹּרֶת f.n. NH pattern, design. [Formed from צִיֵּר, Pi. of ציר ᴵ, with suff. ◌ֶת.]

צַיְּתָן adj. & m.n. PBH 1 inquisitive. NH 2 obedient. Derivatives: צַיּֽתָנוּת, צַיּֽתָנִי.

צַיְּתָנוּת f.n. NH obedience. [Formed from צַיְּתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

צַיְּתָנִי adj. NH obedient. [Formed from צַיּֽתָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

צִיתָר m.n. FW cither, cithern. [L. cithara, from Gk. kithara, from Pers. sihtār. cp. גִּיטָרָה.] Derivative: צִיתָרָן.

צִיתָרָן m.n. NH cither player. [Formed from צִיתָר with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

צֵל m.n. (pl. צֽלָלִים) 1 shadow, shade. 2 shelter, protection. [From צלל ᴵᴵᴵ. Related to Aram. טֽלָלָא, Syr. טֶלָּלָא, Ugar. ẓl, Ethiop. ṣelālōt, Akka. ṣillu (= shadow, shade), Aram. מַטְלַלְתָּא (= shelter, hut), Ugar. mẓll (= roofing), Arab. miẓalla, maẓalla (= umbrella, parasol, sunshade). cp. צִלָּה. and the second element in פְּלַגְצֵל. cp. also צַלֽמָוֶת.] Derivatives: צְלָלִי, צֽלָלִית.

צלב to hang, impale, crucify.
    — Qal - צָלַב he hanged, impaled, crucified.
    — Niph. - נִצֽלַב was hanged, was impaled, was crucified.
    — Pi. - צִלֵּב he crossed, made the sign of the cross.
    — Hith. - הִצֽטַלֵּב he crossed himself, made the sign of the cross.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽלִיב 1 he made the sign of the cross; 2 he crossbred.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְלַב 1 the sign of the cross was made over him; 2 was crossbred. [From Aram. צֽלַב (= he hanged, impaled), whence also Arab. ṣalaba, Ethiop. taṣalba (= he crucified).] Derivatives: צֽלָב, צוֹלֵב, צֽלִיבָה, הַצְלָבָה, הִצְטַלְּבוּת, הִצָּלְבוּת, מַצֽלִיב, מֻצֽלָב, מֽצֻלָּב, מַצְלֵבָה, תִּצֽלֹבֶת.

צְלָב m.n. NH cross. [From צלב. cp. Arab. ṣalīb (= cross).] Derivatives: צְלָבוֹן, צַלְבָן.

צְלָבוֹן m.n. NH crosslet. [Formed from צְלָב with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

צַלְבָן m.n. NH crusader. [Formed from צְלָב with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: צַלְבָנִי.]

צַלְבָנִי adj. NH crusading, pertaining to the crusaders. [Formed from צַלֽבָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

צלה to roast.
    — Qal - צָלָה he roasted.
    — Niph. - נִצְלָה was roasted. [Aram. צֽלָא, Arab. ṣalā, Ethiop. ṣalaya (= he roasted).] Derivatives: צָלוּי, צָלִי, צְלִיָּה, הִצָּלוּת. cp. צֽלִיל ᴵᴵ.

צִלָּה f.n. PBH shadow, shade. [A secondary form of צֵל. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

צלהב to be bright, shine.
    — Pi. - צִלֽהֵב he made bright, illuminated.
    — Pu. - צֻלְהַב was made bright, was illuminated. [A blend of צהב ᴵ and שׁלהב. cp. Aram. צַלְהֵב (= it burned).]

צֶ׳לּוֹ m.n. FW (pl. צֶ׳לּוֹאוֹת) cello, violoncello. [It. cello, short for violoncello.]

צְלוֹב m.n. PBH gallows, scaffold. [From צלב.]

צָלוּב adj. PBH 1 hanged, impaled, crucified. MH 2 Jesus. [Pass. part. of צָלַב. See צלב.]

צְלוֹחִית f.n. bottle, flask (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 2:20). [Related to צַלַּחַת. cp. Aram. צְלוֹחִיתָא, Arab. ṣurāḥiyya (= bottle, flask).]

צָלוּי adj. PBH roasted. [Pass. part. of צָלָה. See צלה.]

צָלוּל ᴵ adj. PBH clear, lucid. [Pass. part. of צָלַל. See צלל ᴵ.] Derivative: צְלִילוּת.

צָלוּל ᴵᴵ adj. MH sunk, sunken. [Pass. part. of צָלַל. See צלל ᴵ.]

צִלּוּל ᴵ m.n. MH clarifying, distilling. [Verbal n. of צִלֵּל, Pi. of צלל ᴵ.]

צִלּוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. MH explosion, detonation. [From צלל ᴵᴵ.]

צֶלּוּלוֹאִיד m.n. FW celluloid. [Eng. celluloid, a hybrid coined by the American inventor John Wesley Hyatt (1837–1920) from cellulose (see צֶלּוּלוֹזָה) and Gk. - oeides (= like); see אִידֵאָה.]

צֶלּוּלוֹזָה f.n. FW cellulose (chemistry). [Fren. cellulose, coined by the French chemist Anselme Payen (1795–1871) from L. cellula (= a small storeroom), and suff. – ose, which was soon taken over to form many other chemical terms. See ‘cellule’ and subst. suff. ‘–ose’ in my CEDEL and cp. צֶלּוּלוֹאִיד.]

צִלּוּם m.n. NH the act of photographing; photography; photograph. [Coined by David Yellin (1864–1941) as the verbal n. of צִלֵּם, Pi. of צלם.]

צְלוֹפָח m.n. PBH eel. [From Aram. צְלוֹפֽחָא, more correctly spelt צְלָבְחָא.]

צֶלּוֹפָן m.n. FW cellophane. [A hybrid coined by the Swiss chemist Jacques E. Brandenberger (born in 1872) from the first syllable of cellulose (see צֶלּוּלוֹזָה) and the stem of Gk. phainein (= to show); see פַנְטַסְיָה.]

צָלוּק adj. NH scarred, cicatrized. [Pass. part. of צָלַק. See צלק.]

צְלוֹת f.n. PBH prayer. [From Aram.–Syr. צֽלוֹתָא, צֽלוֹ (= prayer), from Aram.–Syr. צְלָא (= he bowed), from BAram. צַלֵּא (= he prayed; properly ‘he bowed in prayer’), which is related to Arab. ṣalan (= middle of the back), Ethiop. ṣalawa (= he bowed), ṣalaya (= he prayed), Akka. ṣullū (= to entreat). Arab. ṣalā (= prayer) is a loan word from Aram. צֽלוֹתָא. cp. צַלֽיָן.]

צלח ᴵ to succeed, prosper; to be fit; to appear, come over.
    — Qal - צָלַח 1 was successful, prospered; was fit.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽלִיחַ 1 he succeeded, was successful, prospered; 2 made prosperous, brought to successful issue.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְלַח was successful. [BAram. and Aram.–Syr. צֽלַח (= he succeeded, prospered), Arab. ṣalaḥa (= was in good condition), ṣulḥ (= prosperity), OSArab. הצלח (= to make prosperous).] Derivatives: צָלֵחַ, הַצְלָחָה, מֻצְלָח, מַצְלִיחַ.

צלח ᴵᴵ to cleave, split, break through, penetrate; to cross (a river).
    — Qal - צָלַח he cleft; he crossed (a river). [Aram.–Syr. צֽלַח (= he cleft, split, cracked). cp. Arab. aslaḥ (= deaf).] Derivatives: צָלִיחַ, מִצְלָח. cp. צִלְחָה.

צָלֵֽחַ adj. MH successful, prosperous. [From צלח ᴵ.]

צֵלָחָה f.n. dish, bowl (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. II 35:13). [A secondary form of צַלַּחַת.]

צִלְחָה f.n. MH migraine. [From Aram. צִלְחֲתָא (= pain on one side of the head, migraine), which prob. derives from צְלַח (= he cleft, split). See צלח ᴵᴵ.]

צַלְחִית f.n. NH saucer. [Contraction of צַלַּחַת and dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

צַלַּֽחַת f.n. dish, bowl. [Related to Arab. ṣaḥn, Ethiop. ṣaḥl (= bowl, dish), cp. צֽלוֹחִית and צַחֲנָה ᴵᴵ. cp. also צַלְחִית. For the ending of צַלַּחַת see suff. ◌ַת.]

צָלִי m.n. (pl. צְלִיִּים) roast. [From צלה.]

צְלִיבָה f.n. PBH 1 hanging, crucifixion. MH 2 crucifix. MH 3 crossing. [Verbal n. of צָלַב. See צלב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְלִיָּה f.n. PBH roasting. [Verbal n. of צָלָה. See צלה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צָלִֽיחַ adj. crossable. [Coined from צלח ᴵᴵ (= to cross), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

צְלִיחָה f.n. MH crossing. [Verbal n. of צָלַח. See צלח ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְלִיל ᴵ m.n. 1 sound, clang (the word occurs already in the Bible according to those commentators who render צְלִיל in the phrase צֽלִיל לֶחֶם שְׂעוֹרִים (Jud. 7:13) in this sense). NH 2 tone, note. [From צלל ᴵᴵ. cp. Arab. ṣalīl (= rattle, clatter, clash).] Derivative: תַּצְלִיל.

צְלִיל ᴵᴵ m.n. cake. [Of uncertain origin. According to most commentators this is the meaning of צְלִיל in Jud. 7:13 (already the Septuagint translates צְלִיל by magis, ‘cake’). Of uncertain origin. According to ReDaK derived from צלה.]

צְלִילָה f.n. MH MH 1 sinking, plunging. NH 2 diving. [Verbal n. of צָלַל. See צלל ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְלִילוּת f.n. MH clearness, clarity. [Formed from צָלוּל ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

צְלִילִי adj. MH resonant. [Formed from צְלִיל ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: צְלִילִיּוּת.

צְלִילִיּוּת f.n. NH resonance. [Formed from צְלִילִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

צַלְיָן m.n. PBH 1 one given wholly to prayer. NH 2 pilgrim (applied to a Gentile). [Aram., from צַלֵּא (= he prayed), Pa’el of צֽחַא. See צֽלוֹת and agential suff. ◌ָן.]

צֶ׳לִּיסְט m.n. FW cellist. [Formed from צֶ׳לּוֹ with suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

צְלִיעָה f.n. MH halting, limping. [Verbal n. of צָלַע. See צלע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צְלִיף m.n. NH whiplash. [From צלף.]

צְלִיפָה f.n. NH 1 whipping, lashing. 2 sniping. [Verbal n. of צָלַף. See צלף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

צלל ᴵ to sink, plunge; to settle; to clear, clarify.
    — Qal - צָלַל he sank, plunged (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 15:10 in the form צָלֲלוּ).
    — Niph. - נִצְלַל settled, became clear.
    — Pi. - צִלֵּל he purified.
    — Pu. - צֻלַּל was purified.
    — Nith. - נִצְטַלֵּל PBH 1 he sank; MH 2 became clear.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽלִיל MH 1 he caused to sink; NH 2 he clarified, purified.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְלַל 1 was made to sink; 2 was clarified, was purified. [Aram. צְלַל, Syr. צַל (= clarified, filtered), Ethiop. ṣalalu (= swam, floated), Akka. ṣalālu (= settled, sank down), Amharic aṭlala (= he filtered). Prob. of imitative origin. cp. the related base צוּל.] Derivatives: צָלוּל ᴵ, צָלוּל ᴵᴵ, צִלּוּל ᴵ, צֽלִילָה, הַצֽלָלָה ᴵ, הִצְטַלְּלוּת, מִצְלוֹל ᴵ, צוֹלֵל ᴵ, צוֹלֶלֶת.

צלל ᴵᴵ to tingle, quiver.
    — Qal - צָלַל it tingled, quivered.
    — Hiph. - הִצֽלִיל 1 he set to music, scored; 2 he recorded.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְלַל 1 was set to music, was scored; 2 was recorded.
    — Pilp. (see . - צִלֽצֵל ). [Aram. צְלַל, Syr. צַל (= it tingled, quivered), Arab. ṣalla (of s.m.).] Derivatives: צִלּוּל ᴵᴵ, צְלִיל ᴵ, צוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ, הַצֽלָלָה ᴵᴵ, מְצִלָּה, מִצְלוֹל ᴵᴵ, מַצְלֵל, מֽצִלֽתַּיִם, תַּצֽלִיל. cp. צִלֽצָל, צֶלְצָל, צְלָצַל.

צלל ᴵᴵᴵ to be or grow dark.
    — Qal - צָלַל was covered with shade, grew dark (in the Bible occurring only Neh. 13:19 in the form צָלֲלוּ).
    — Hiph. - הֵצֵל covered with shade, overshadowed (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 31:3 in the form of the part. מֵצַל).
    — Hoph. - הוּצַל was shaded, was overshadowed. [OAram. טלל (= to overshadow), Arab. ẓalla (= was black), Aram. מַטֽלַלְתָּא, Arab. miẓalla (= roof providing shade, hut), Ugar. mẓll (= roofing, house), Akka. maṣallu (= place of rest). Base of צֵל (q.v.).] Derivatives: הַצְלָלָה ᴵᴵᴵ, מֵצַל, הֲצָלָה, הֲצַלָּה, מוּצָל. cp. טלל ᴵ, אִטְלוּלָא.

צְלָלִי adj. MH shady, shadowy. [Formed from צֵל (= shadow, shade), pl. צְלָלִים, with suff. ◌ִי.]

צְלָלִית f.n. NH silhouette. [Formed from צֵל (= shadow, shade), pl. צְלָלִים, with suff. ◌ִית.]

צֶֽלֶם m.n. 1 image. 2 idol. 3 semblance. NH 3 cross. [Orig. prob. meaning ‘something cut off’ (for sense development cp. פֶּסֶל, ‘carved image’, from פסל, ‘to carve’), and Arab. ṣalama (= he cut off). cp. OAram. צלמא, Aram.–Syr. צַלֽמָא, Mand. צילמא (= image, figure, form), Akka. ṣalmu (= image). Arab. ṣanam (= idol, image) owes its form to dissimilation.] Derivatives: צלם ᴵ, צַלְמִית.

צלם ᴵ to photograph.
    — Pi. - צַלֵּם he photographed.
    — Pu. - צֻלַּם was photographed.
    — Hith. - הִצְטַלֵּם was photographed, had his photograph taken. [Coined by David Yellin (1864–1941) as a denominative of צֶלֶם. cp. Syr. צַלֵּם (= he formed, molded), which is denominated from צַלְמָא.] Derivatives: צַלָּם, צַלֽמָנִיָּה, צִלּוּם, הִצֽטַלּֽמוּת, מְצֻלָּם, מַצֽלֵמָה, תַּצֽלוּם, and the first element in צַלְמָנוֹעַ.

צלם ᴵᴵ to be dark. [Arab. ẓalima, Ethiop. ṣalma (= was dark). Base of צַלְמוֹן, possibly also of צַלְמָוֶת.]

צַלָּם m.n. NH photographer. [Coined by David Yellin (1864–1941) as nomen opificis from the verb צִלֵּם, Pi. of צלם.]

צַלְמוֹן m.n. MH darkness (in the Bible occurring only as the name of a mountain, Jud. 9:41, and Ps. 68:15). [Formed from צלם ᴵᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. Forming abstract nouns.]

צַלְמָֽוֶת m.n. great darkness. [According to the traditional pronunciation the word is regarded as compounded of צֵל and מָוֶת, hence lit. means ‘shadow of death’. However, most modern scholars read צַלְמוּת and derive the word from צלם ᴵᴵ.]

צַלְמִית f.n. NH figurine. [Formed from צֶלֶם with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

צַלְמָנֽוֹעַ m.n. NH movie camera. [Formed from צלם (= to photograph), and מָנוֹעַ (= motor).]

צַלְמָנִיָּה f.n. NH photographer’s studio. [Alteration of צַלֽמוֹנִיָּה, which was coined by David Yellin (1864–1941) from צלם (= to photograph), to render ‘camera’. For the ending of צַלֽמָנִיָּה see suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

צֶ׳לָן m.n. NH cellist. [Formed from צֶ׳לּוֹ (= cello) with suff. ◌ָן.]

צלע ᴵ to limp, halt.
    — Qal - צָלַע he limped, halted.
    — Niph. - נִצְלַע became lame.
    — Nith. - נִצְטַלַּע 1 became lame; 2 pretended to be lame. [Aram. אַטֽלַע, Arab. ẓala‘a (= he limped, halted, was lame).] Derivatives: צֶלַע, צוֹלֵע, הִצְטַלְּעוּת.

צלע ᴵᴵ to enclose by ribs.
    — Pu. - צֻלַּע was enclosed by ribs.
    — Hiph. - הִצְלִיעַ he enclosed with ribs, ribbed. [Denominated from צֵלָע.] Derivative: מְצֻלָּע.

צֵלָֽע f.n. (pl. צְלָעוֹת, also צְלָעִים) 1 rib. 2 slope of a mountain. 3 side. 4 side chamber. 5 leaf of a folding door. 6 plank, board, beam. MH 7 hemistich. MH 8 side (geometry). [Related to BAram. עֲלַע (pl. עִלְעִין), JAram. עִלְעָא, Syr. אֶלֽעָא (the change of the ע to א is due to dissimilation), Arab. ḍila‘, ḍil‘, Akka. ṣēlu (= rib). The orig. meaning of these words was ‘something curved’; cp. Arab. ḍali‘a (= was bent, was curved), ḍali‘ (= curved).] Derivatives: צלע ᴵᴵ, צַלְעָה, צַלְעוֹן, צַלְעִית ᴵ, צַלְעִית ᴵᴵ.

צֶֽלַע m.n. stumbling, fall, calamity. [From צלע ᴵ.]

צַלְעָה f.n. PBH 1 rib. 2 (fig.) woman. [Formed from צֵלָע (= rib), with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צַלְעוֹן m.n. NH polygon. [Formed from צֵלָע with suff. ◌וֹן.]

צַלְעִית ᴵ f.n. MH half a line of a verse; hemistich. [Formed from צֵלָע (= rib, side; hemistich), with subst. suff. ◌ִית.]

צַלְעִית ᴵᴵ f.n. NH chop, cutlet. [Formed from צֵלָע with suff. ◌ִית.]

צלף to beat with the hand, whip; to lash, scourge; to snipe.
    — Qal - צָלַף he sniped.
    — Niph. - נִצְלַף MH 1 was whipped, was lashed, was scourged; NH 2 was sniped.
    — Hiph. - הִצְלִיף he whipped, lashed, scourged.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְלַף was whipped, was lashed, was scourged.
    — Nith. - נִצְטַלֵּף (of s.m.). [Aram. צְלַף, אַצְלֵף (= he beat, swung the whip, whipped), Syr. צְלַף, צַלֵּף (= he beat, cleft, wounded, bruised), צֽלָפָא, צֽלָפְתָא (= cleft). Prob. base of צָלָף.] Derivatives: צַלָּף, צִלּוּף, צֽלִיף, צְלִיפָה, צוֹלְפָנִי, הַצֽלָפָה, מַצְלִיף, מַצֽלֵף.

צָלָף m.n. PBH caperbush (in the Bible the word occurs only as a m. private name (Neh. 3:30). [Prob. derived from base צלף in its orig. sense ‘to cleave, split’, and is so called in allusion to the cracking of the fruit.]

צַלָּף m.n. NH sniper, marksman. [Nomen opificis formed from צלף.] Derivative: צַלָּפוּת.

צַלָּפוּת f.n. NH sniping, marksmanship. [Formed from צַלָּף with suff. ◌וּת.]

צִלְצוּל m.n. PBH 1 ringing, tinkling. MH 2 musical note. PBH 3 name of an ancient musical instrument (cp. צִלְצָל). [Verbal n. of צִלֽצֵל.]

צִלְצוֹל m.n. PBH girdle (for women), bandage. [Together with Aram. צִלְצוֹלָא of uncertain origin.]

צלצל to ring.
    — Pilp. - צִלְצֵל PBH 1 it rang, tinkled, whirred; NH 2 (colloq.), he telephoned, rang up, called.
    — Pulp. - צֻלֽצַל was rung, was tinkled.
    — Hithpalp. - הִצְטַלֽצֵל 1 began to ring, began to tinkle; 2 (colloq.) הִצֽטַלֽצֽלוּ they telephoned each other. [Pilp. of צלל ᴵᴵ. cp. Arab. ṣalṣala (= it rang, clattered, rattled). For other Pilp. verbs formed from ע״ע verbs cp. בּזבּז and words there referred to.] Derivatives: צַלְצְלָן, צַלְצְלָנִי, צַלְצֶלֶת, צִלְצוּל, הִצְטַלֽצְלוּת, מֽצַלֽצְלִים.

צִלְצָל m.n. harpoon. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 40:31 in the phrase צִלֽצַל־דָּגִים, ‘fishing spear, harpoon’). [Prob. derived from צלל ᴵᴵ and lit. meaning ‘that which whizzes’.]

צְלָצַל m.n. (pl. צִלְצָלִים) a species of locust, cricket (Deut. 28:42). [According to most commentators the same word appears in the phrase אֶרֶץ צִלֽצַל כּֽנָפַיִם (Is. 18:1) which accordingly means ‘the land of the winged locusts’. The word prob. derives from צלל ᴵᴵ and lit. means ‘the whirring insect’. cp. Syr. צֶצְרָא, צַרְצּוֹרָא, Arab. ṣarṣar, ṣarṣūr, Akka. ṣarṣaru. cp. also צוֹצֵל and צַרֽצוּר ᴵᴵ.]

צֶלְצָל, צִלְצָל m.n. cymbal, castanets (in the Bible occurring only in the pl. צִלֽצְלֵי־שָׁמַע, צִלֽצֽלֵי־תֽרוּעָה, ‘loud-sounding cymbals’. [Formed from צלל ᴵᴵ, whence also JAram. צֶלְצֽלָא, Syr. צֶצְּלָא, צִיצְלָא (= cymbal).]

צַלְצְלָן m.n. NH bell ringer. [Formed from צִלֽצֵל with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

צַלְצְלָנִי adj. NH ringing, resounding, loud. [Formed from צִלְצֵל with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

צַלְצֶֽלֶת f.n. NH ringer (telephone). [Formed from צִלֽצֵל with suff. ◌ֶת.]

צלק to scar, cicatrize.
    — Qal - צָלַק he scarred, cicatrized.
    — Pi. - צִלֵּק he scarred, cicatrized.
    — Pu. - צֻלַּק was scarred, was cicatrized.
    — Nith. - נִצְטַלֵּק (of s.m.). [Aram. צְלַק (= he split, cleft), Arab. ṣalaqa (= he pierced, wounded).] Derivatives: צֶלֶק, צַלֶּקֶת, צָלוּק, מְצֻלָּק.

צֶֽלֶק m.n. NH scar, cicatrix. [From צלק.]

צַלֶּֽקֶת f.n. PBH scar, cicatrix. [From צלק. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

צַלַ״שׁ m.n. NH commendation, mentioning in despatches. [Abbr. of צִיּוּן לְשֶׁבַח (of s.m.).]

צָם intr. v. he fasted. [See צום.]

צמא to thirst, be thirsty.
    — Qal - צָמֵא thirsted, was thirsty.
    — Hiph. - הִצְמִיא MH 1 he made thirsty; PBH 2 he caused thirst, tortured by thirst.
    — Hoph. - הֻצְמָא MH 1 he was made thirsty; NH 2 he was tortured by thirst. [Ugar. ẓm (= to thirst, be thirsty), Arab. ẓami’a, Ethiop. ṣam’a (= thirsted, was thirsty), OSArab. טֿמא, Akka. ṣama’u, ṣamū (= to thirst, be thirsty).] Derivatives: צָמֵא (adj.), צָמָא, צִמְאָה, צִמָּאוֹן, צְמִיאָה, הַצְמָאָה.

צָמֵא adj. thirsty. [From צמא.]

צָמָא m.n. thirst. [From צמא.]

צִמְאָה f.n. thirst (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:25). [Formed from צמא with first suff. ◌ָה.]

צִמָּאוֹן m.n. 1 thirsty ground, arid land (in the Bible occurring only Deut. 8:15, Is. 35:7 and Ps. 107:33. PBH 2 thirst. [Formed from צמא with suff. ◌וֹן.]

צֶ׳מְבָּלוֹ m.n. FW (pl. צֶ׳מְבָּלוֹאוֹת) cembalo. [It. cembalo, from L. cymbalum, from Gk. kymbalon, from kymbe (= the hollow of a vessel, cup, boat), from IE base * qumb- (= to bend, curve).]

צֶ׳מְבָּלוֹן m.n. FW cembalo player. [Formed from צֶ׳מְבָּלוֹ with agential suff. ◌וֹן.]

צֶֽמֶג m.n. MH gum, India rubber, caoutchouc. [Borrowed from Arab. ṣamgh (= gum, resin).] Derivatives: צמג, צָמֹג, צֽמִיג, צָמִיג.

צמג to make sticky.
    — Nith. - נִצְטַמֵּג became sticky.
    — Niph. - נִצְמַג (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִצֽמִיג 1 he made sticky; 2 became sticky. [Denominated from צֶמֶג.]

צְמַגְמַג adj. NH somewhat sticky, somewhat viscous. [Formed from צָמֹג (= sticky), on the analogy of יְרַקְרַק (= greenish) from יָרֹק (= green), and אֲדַמְדַּא (= reddish) from אָדֹם (= red).]

צמד to join, couple.
    — Qal - צָמַד joined, attached, coupled.
    — Niph. - נִצְמַד was joined, was attached, was coupled.
    — Pi. - צִמֵּד he bound, fastened, attached, coupled.
    — Pu. - צֻמַּד was bound, was fastened, was attached, was coupled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 20:8 in the form of the f. part. מְצֻמֶּדֶת).
    — Hiph. - הִצְמִיד he joined, combined (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 50:19).
    — Hoph. - הֻצְמַד was joined, was combined. [Aram.–Syr. צֽמַד (= he bound up, bound together), Ugar. ṣmd (= to harness), Akka. ṣamādu (= to bind, harness), Arab. ḍamada (= he bound, wound; he fastened to the yoke), miḍmad (= yoke), Ethiop. ḍamada (= he harnessed).] Derivatives: צֶמֶד, צִמּוּד, צָמוּד, צָמִיד ᴵ and צָמִיד ᴵᴵᴵ, (prob. also צָמִיד ᴵᴵ), צוֹמֵד, הַצְמָדָה, הִצָּמְדוּת, מַצְמֵד, מְצֻמָּד, מַצְמֶדֶת, הִצְטַמְּדוּת.