ב The second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name is ‘Beth’ (lit.: ‘house’); so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter, representing a house. In PBH it has the numerical value two. ב alternates with מ: cp. e.g. the river name אֲבָנָה and אֲמָנָה; the place name דִּיבוֹן and דִּימוֹן; בָּרִיא (= healthy, fat), and מֽרִיא (= fatling); the place name יַבְנֶה in Heb. and יַמְנִין in Syr. (whence Gk. iamnia, iamneia). ב also alternates with פ: cp. e.g. בזר and פזר (= to scatter); Heb. נשׁף and נשׁב (= to blow); תבר and תפר (= to sew); Heb. בִּקְעָה (= valley) and Syr. פְּקַעַתָּא (of s.m.); Heb. הפך (= to turn), Akka. abāku (= to bring, turn).

 

בְּ◌ prep. (also בָּ◌, בַּ◌, בֵּ◌, בֶּ◌, בִּ◌, according to its position) 1 in, within (as in בְּעֵינֵי, ‘in the eyes of’). 2 on (as in בַּמִּזְבֵּחַ, ‘on the altar’). 3 with (as in בַּשֵּׁבֶט, בַּמַּטֶּה, ‘with the rod’). 4 for, for the price of (as in בְּרָחֵל, ‘for רָחֵל’; בְּכֶסֶף מָלֵא, ‘for the full price’). 5 as, in the condition of (as in בְּעֶזְרִי, ‘as my help’). [cp. Ugar., Phoen. ב◌ (= in, with), Aram.-Syr. בְּ◌ (= in, with), Arab. bi- (= in, by), Ethiop. ba (= in).]

 

בָּא 1 he who comes. 1 he who arrives. 2 coming, subsequent, next. [Part. of בוא (= to come).]

 

בְּאִבּוֹ adv. in his youth. [From אִבּוֹ, suffixed form of אֵב, with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בָּאוֹבַּבּ m.n. FW baobab (tree). [Borrowed from some African language.]

 

בֵּאוּר m.n. MH explanation, commentary. [Verbal n. of בֵּאֵר, Pi. of באר.]

 

בֵּאוּרִי adj. MH explanatory. [Formed from בֵּאוּר with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בָּאוּשׁ adj. stinking, malodorous. [Pass. part. of בָּאַשׁ. See באֹש.]

 

בָּאוּת◌ f.n. NH (in בָּאוּת־כֹּחַ) representation. [Formed from בָּא (= he came; see בּוא) with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּאִישָׁה f.n. stench. [Verbal n. of בָּאַשׁ. See באשׁ and suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּאַקְרַאי adv. NH accidentally, at random, by chance. [Formed from אַקֽרַאי with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּאֵר f.n. (pl. בּֽאֵרוֹת) well, pit. [cp. Ugar. bir, Aram.–Syr. בְּאֵרָא, בֵּירָא, Arab. bi̧r (= well), Akka. būru (= pit).]

 

באר to explain, make clear.

    — Pi. - בִּאֵר he explained, made clear.

    — Pu. - בֹּאַר it was explained, became clear.

    — Nith. - הִתֽבָּאֵר, נִתֽבָּאֵר (of s.m.). [cp. JAram., Samaritan and Aram. באר, Akka. bāru, bu’uru.]

 

באשׁ to stink, to smell bad.

    — Qal - בָּאַשׁ it stunk, had a bad smell.

    — Niph. - נִבְאַשׁ 1 he became odious; 2 fell from grace.

    — Pi. - בֵּאֵשׁ he stunk, emitted vile stench.

    — Hiph. - הִבְאִישׁ 1 emitted a stinking odor; 2 he caused to stink.

    — Hoph. - הָבֽאַשׁ, הֻבְאַשׁ he became odious.

    — Hith. - הִתֽבָּאֵשׁ 1 he became odious; 2 he quarreled with. [Akka. ba’āshu (= to be bad), OAram. באש, BAram. בִּאֵשׁ, Syr. בֶּאש, Arab. ba’isa (= to be unhappy), Ethiop. ba’sa (= to be bitter).]

 

בְּאשׁ m.n. stench, stink. [From בּאשׁ. cp. Akka. bu’shu.]

 

בָּאְשָׁה ᴵ f.n. MH noxious plant. [An ancient derivation from Sem. *b’sh (= to be bad). cp. Syr. בִּישָׁא, Ethiop. ba’sa (= to be bad). See בּאשׁ.]

 

בָּאְשָׁה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH bad smell, fetidness. [Semantic change of בָּאְשָׁה ᴵ, under the influence of בָּאַשׁ. See בּאשׁ.]

 

בָּאְשָׁן m.n. NH cleome (plant). [Prob. derived from בָּאְשָׁה ᴵ or from בָּאְשָׁה ᴵᴵ.]

 

בָּאֶשֶׁת f.n. NH bad breath, halitosis. [Coined from באשׁ according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving in NH to form names of diseases.]

 

בָּב m.n. NH gateway, entrance. [From Aram. בָּבָא (q.v.).]

 

בָּבָא m.n. PBH section of a treatise in the Talmud. [Aram., properly meaning ‘gateway, entrance’. cp. Arab. bāb, Akka. bābu.]

 

בָּבָה f.n. apple of the eye, pupil of the eye. [cp. Aram.–Syr. בָּבְתָא, Arab. bu’bu’. Perhaps related to בָּבָא.]

 

בֻּבָּה f.n. NH doll, puppet, marionette. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah as a Hebraization of Arab. bu’bu’, bubbu’ (= little child, doll). cp. Ger. Puppe, Fren. poupée.]

 

בָּבוּאָה f.n. PBH 1 reflection, image. NH 2 afterimage. [Related to JAram. בּוּבְיָא and perhaps also to Arab. babbat (= little child), understood as a reflection of a man.]

 

בַּבּוּן m.n. FW baboon, dog-ape. [Fren. babuin, babouin, a blend of babine (= the pendulous lip of certain animals, esp. monkeys), and baboue (= wry, ugly face). Both babine and baboue are of imitative origin.]

 

בַּבּוֹנָג m.n. NH camomile. [From Arab. babunaj.]

 

בֻּבּוֹנֶת f.n. NH dolly. [Dimin. of בֻּבָּה.]

 

בִּבְחִינַת adv. MH in the capacity of, as, like (lit.: ‘in the aspect of’). [Formed from בְּחִינַת, c. st. of בּֽחִינָה (= examination, aspect).]

 

בֻּבַּטְרוֹן m.n. NH marionette theater. [A contraction compounded of בֻּבָּה and תֵּיאַטְרוֹן.]

 

בָּבֶל proper n. Babel, Babylon, Babylonia. [Akka. bāb-ilu (lit.: ‘the gate of god’). See בָּבָא and אֵל ᴵ.]

 

בַּבְלִי adj. PBH Babylonian. [Formed from בָּבֶל with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּבֽלִית f.n. PBH the Babylonian language. [Subst. use of the f. of the adj. בַּבְלִי.]

 

בְּבַקָּשָׁה adv. NH please, welcome. [Formed from בַּקָּשָׁה with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בֵּבָר see בֵּיבָר.

 

בָּבַת f.n. MH pupil of the eye. [Shortened from בָּבַת־עַיִן; see בָּבָה.]

 

בְּבַת־אַחַת adv. PBH at once, simultaneously. See בַּת ᴵᴵᴵ and אַחַת.]

 

בֻּבָּתִי adj. NH doll-like, dollish. [Formed from בֻּבָּה with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בֻּבָּתִיּוּת f.n. NH dollishness. [Formed from בֻּבָּתִי with suff. ◌יוּת.]

 

בַּג m.n. food (in the phrase פַּת־בַּג, ‘portion of food’, delicacy). [From Old Pers. parti-baga (= allotment, distribution, portion). cp. Syr. פַּתְבָגֵא, פַּטֽבָגֵא (name for a kind of delicacy), Arab. baja.]

 

בגד ᴵ to betray, deceive, to act treacherously.

    — Qal - בָּגַד he acted treacherously.

    — Niph. - נִבְגַד he was betrayed. [Prob. denominated from בֶּגֶד ᴵ (= clothing, garment) and lit. meaning ‘to cover with, or as with, a garment’, ‘to conceal’. For sense development cp. מעל (= to act unfaithfully, to behave treacherously), which prob. derives from מְעִיל (= upper garment, coat); cp. also Arab. labisa (= he put on a dress, clothed, dressed), and labasa (= he disguised, he confused), labbasa (= tangle, confusion).] Derivatives: בֶּגֶד ᴵᴵ, בָּגוֹד, בּוֹגֵד, בֹּגְדוֹת, בְּגִידָה, בְּגִידוּת, בּוֹגְדָנִי.

 

בגד ᴵᴵ to dress.

    — Qal - בָּגַד he dressed. [Denominated from בֶּגֶד ᴵ (= garment, dress).]

 

בֶֽגֶד ᴵ m.n. (pl. בְּגָדִים, also בְּגָדוֹת) garment, dress, mantle, cloak. [cp. bijād.] Derivative: בגד.

 

בֶּֽגֶד ᴵᴵ m.n. betrayal, treachery, deceit. [See בגד ᴵ.]

 

בֹּגְדוֹת f.n. pl. betrayal, treason, treachery (a hapax legomenon, occurring Zeph. 3:4)). [From בגד ᴵ. Formally, pl. of בֹּגֵדָה or בֹּגֶדֶת, f. of בֹּגֵד.]

 

בְּגֶדֶר adj. MH within the bounds of. [Formed from גֶּדֶר, c. st. of גָּדֵר (= fence), with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּגוֹ adv. PBH in, inside, in the midst. [Aram., from גֵּו (of the s.m.), with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בָּגוֹד adj. treacherous. [From בָּגַד; see בגד ᴵ.]

 

בִּגּוּד m.n. NH clothing, dressing. [Formally verbal n. of בגד ᴵᴵ.]

 

בֶּגוֹנְיָה f.n. FW begonia (botany). [Fren. bégonia, named by the botanist Plumier after Michel Bégon (1630–1710), governor of Santo Domingo, patron of botanical study.]

 

בָּגַטֶּלָּה f.n. FW bagatelle. [Fren. bagatelle (= trifle, bagatelle), from It. bagatella (= trifle). Of uncertain origin. According to Schuchardt it goes back to L. baca, bacca (= berry).]

 

בְּגִידָה f.n. PBH treachery. [Verbal n. of בָּגַד; see בגד ᴵ. For the ending see suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּגִידוּת f.n. MH betrayal, treachery. [Formed from בגד ᴵ with the suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּגִין adv. PBH for, for the sake of. [From Aram. בְּגִין, which is formed from גִּין (= protection), and perhaps derives from Aram. גנן (= to protect), with pref. בְּ◌. cp. Heb. גנן (= to protect, to cover).]

 

בַּגִּיר m.n. NH adult. [From Aram. בַּגִּיר, adj. (= having attained manhood), from בּֽגַר (= to become hard, ripe, to attain manhood, womanhood).]

 

בְּגִירָה f.n. NH adolescence, maturation, maturity. [Verbal n. of בָּגַר; see בגר.]

 

בַּגִּירוּת f.n. NH adulthood. [Formed from בַּגִּיר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּגְלַל prep. for, because of. [Formed from גּֽלַל with pref. בִּ◌.]

 

בַּגַ״ץ m.n. NH High Court of Justice. [Abbr. formed from the initials of the words בֵּית־דִין גָּבוֹהַּ לֽצֶדֶק.]

 

בגר to grow up, to mature.

    — Qal - בָּגַר he grew up.

    — Niph. - נִבְגַר he grew up, matured.

    — Pu. - בֻּגַּר (see מְבֻגָּר).

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּגֵּר he grew up, matured.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽגִּיר (of s.m.). [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Syr. בּֽגַר (= to close, to belt). Prob. a collateral form of base בכר. Some scholars connect it with Arab. balagha (= he reached, he was sexually mature).]

 

בֶּֽגֶר m.n. PBH maturity. [From בגר.]

 

בַּגְרוּת f.n. adolescence, maturity. [Formed from בגר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּד ᴵ m.n. linen, cloth, material. [Of uncertain origin. It may go back to בַּד ᴵᴵᴵ (= part, portion).]

 

בַּד ᴵᴵ m.n. pole, bar, rod; branch (of a tree). [cp. JAram. בַּדָּא, Arab. badd (= olive-press).]

 

בַּד ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. part, portion. [Lit.: ‘something cut off, something separated’, from בָּדַד (= to separate). Whence לְבַד, adv. (= alone). cp. Arab. badd (= separation, something separated, part of something.]

 

בַּד ᴵⱽ m.n. lie, fabrication. [Related to בּדא (q.v.).]

 

בדא to invent, to fabricate, to concoct.

    — Qal - בָּדָא he invented, fabricated, concocted.

    — Pi. - בִּדָּא (of s.m.). [cp. Aram. בּֽדָא (= to invent, to fabricate), OSArab. בדאן (= chatter).] Derivatives: בַּדָּאוּת, בַּדַּאי, בַּדָּאִי, בְּדִיאָה.

 

בַּדָּאוּת f.n. PBH fabrication, fiction. [Formed from בּדא with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּדַּאי m.n. PBH liar, fabricator, impostor. [Formed from בִּדָּא, Pi. of בּדא.]

 

בַּדָּאִי adj. NH lying, invented, fabricated, false. [Formed from בדא with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בְּדַאי m.n. PBH fiction, phantasy. [From בדא.]

 

בדד to be alone, be separated, isolated.

    — Qal - בָּדַד he parted, separated.

    — Niph. - נִבְדַד was separated, was isolated.

    — Pi. - בִּדֵּד בּוֹדֵד PBH he separated, isolated.

    — Pu. - בֻּדַּד בּוֹדַד NH was isolated, was insulated.

    — Hith. - הִתְבּוֹדֵד remained alone, was isolated, secluded.

    — Hiph. - הִבְדִיד he isolated, insulated.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְדַד was isolated, insulated. [cp. Arab. badda, baddada (= he parted, separated), Aram. בדד (= to disperse).] Derivatives: בּוֹדֵד, בָּדוּד, בַּד ᴵᴵᴵ, בּֽדִידוּת, הַבְדָּדָה, הִתֽבּוֹדְדוּת, מַבְדֵּד, מֽבֻדָּד, מֽבוֹדֵד, מִתֽבּוֹדֵד.

 

בָּדָד adv. alone. [Derived from בדד. See לְבָדָד.]

 

בַּדָּד m.n. PBH olive presser. [Formed from בַּד ᴵᴵ according to the pattern פַּעָל, which serves to form nomina opificum.]

 

בדה ᴵ to invent, fabricate, concoct.

    — Qal - בָּדָה he invented, fabricated, concocted.

    — Niph. - נִבְדָּה was invented, was fabricated, was concocted.

    — Pi. - בִּדָּה 1 he invented, fabricated, concocted; 2 he charged with lying, proved a liar.

    — Pu. - בֻּדָּה he was charged with lying, disproved, refuted.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּרָּה he was proved wrong (untrue), incorrect, false.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽדָּה he proved that something is wrong, false, untrue. [A secondary form of base בדא.] Derivatives: בְּדָיָה, בּֽדִיָּה, בַּדָּיוּת, בַּדֽיָן, מִבְדֶה.

 

בדה ᴵᴵ to take out, isolate, separate.

    — Qal - בָּדָה he separated, isolated. [Related to בדד or בדל.]

 

בֶּדוּאִי see בֶּדְוִי.

 

בְּדוֹד m.n. NH loneliness, isolation, seclusion. [From בָּדָד (q.v.).]

 

בִּדּוּד m.n. NH separation, isolation. [Verbal n. of בִּדֵּד, Pi. of בדד.]

 

בָּדוּד adj. MH 1 lonely. PBH 2 torn. [From בָּדָד; formally pass. part. of בדד.]

 

בִּדּֽוּחַ m.n. NH entertainment, causing joy, amusement, arousing laughter, telling jokes. [Verbal n. of בִּרַּח, Pi. of בדח.]

 

בָּדוּי adj. PBH invented, fabricated, concocted, imaginary, made up. [Pass. part. of בָּדָה; see בדה ᴵ.]

 

בִּדּוּי m.n. MH fabrication, falsehood, prevarication. [Verbal n. of בִּדָּה, Pi. of בדה ᴵ.]

 

בֶּדְוִי m.n. NH beduin, bedouin, Arabic nomad. [From Arab. badawiyy.]

 

בָּדוּל adj. MH isolated, separated, distinct. [Pass. part. of בִּדֵּל, Pi. of בדל.]

 

בִּדּוּל m.n. NH distinction, differentiation. [Verbal n. of בִּדֵּל, Pi. of בדל.]

 

בַּדּוֹן m.n. NH canvas hut. [Formed from בַּד ᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בַּדּוֹנַג m.n. NH linoleum, oiled canvass. [Compounded of בַּד ᴵ (= linen) and דּוֹנַג (= wax).]

 

בָּדוּק adj. PBH proven, tested, authentic, verified, inspected, checked. [Pass. part. of בָּדַק; see בדק.]

 

בִּדּוּק m.n. NH control, censorship, checking, overhaul. [Verbal n. of בִּדֵּק, Pi. of בדק.]

 

בְּדוּקְי adj. PBH a child of unknown parents (so called because the mother of the child is investigated about the identity of the father). [From בָּדוּק with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּדּוּר m.n. NH entertainment, recreation, diversion. [Verbal n. of בִּדֵּר, Pi. of בדר.] Derivative: בִּדּוּרִי.

 

בָּדוּר adj. NH entertained, amused, delighted, scattered. [Pass. part. of בדר.]

 

בִּדּוּרִי adj. NH entertaining. [From בִּדּוּר with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בְּדוּת f.n. NH falsehood, lie, legend. [cp. Aram. בְּדוּתָא. From בּדה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּדוּתָא PBH, בְּדוּתָה NH f.n. fiction. [Aram.; see בְּדוּת.]

 

בדח to be happy, gay, jolly, in a good mood.

    — Qal - בָּדַח he was jolly, happy, gay.

    — Pi. - בִּדַּח he caused joy, amused, entertained.

    — Pu. - בֻּדַּח he was made jolly, amused, gay.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּדֵּחַ he became happy (gay), was amused, was in a good humor. [From Aram. בּֽדַח.]

 

בָּדֵֽחַ adj. NH playful, jocular, frolicsome, amusing, gay, facetious. [From בָּדַח; see בדח.]

 

בִּדָּחוֹן m.n. NH jesting, joking, prank, laughter. [From בדח with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בִּדְחִילוּ וּרְחִימוּ see דְּחִילוּ.

 

בַּדְחִית f.n. NH farce. [From בדח with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בַּדְחָן m.n. MH jester, humorist, clown, joker, prankster, merrymaker. [From בִּדַּח, Pi. of בדח.] Derivatives: בַּדֽחָנִי, בַּדְחָנוּת.

 

בדחן to cause joy, to joke.

    — Pi. - בִּדְחֵן he caused joy, made jest, joked. [Denominated from בַּדְחָן.]

 

בַּדְחָנוּת f.n. NH jesting, fun, merrymaking. [Formed from בַּדְחָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּדְחָנִי adj. NH amusing, entertaining, jesting clownish, funny. [From בַּדְחָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בְּדַי see בּֽדַאי.

 

בַּדַּי see בַּדַּאי.

 

בְּדֵי adv. for, for the sake of. [Compounded of דַּי (q.v.) and pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּדִיאָה, בְּדִיָּה f.n. MH fabrication, falsehood. [Verbal n. of בדא; for the ending see suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּדִיאוּת f.n. MH fiction. [From בדא with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּדִּיד m.n. NH a small branch of a tree. [Dimin. from בַּד ᴵᴵ (= a small rod.]

 

בָּדִיד PBH, בְּדִיד NH m.n. 1 a small ditch around a tree for watering. 2 digging instrument, mattock, spade. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to בדד (= separate, isolate).]

 

בְּדִידָה ᴵ f.n. PBH small olive-press. [From בַּד ᴵᴵ. Formally a verbal n. of בדד with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּדִידָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH isolation, loneliness, seclusion. [Verbal n. of בָּדַד; see בדד. For the ending see suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּדִידוּת f.n. MH loneliness, solitude, seclusion, isolation. [From בָּדַד; see בדד. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּדִידִי pron. PBH to me, with me. [Aram.; compounded of דִּידִי (= mine), from דִּי (= that, which), and pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּדָיָה f.n. MH lie, fabrication, falsehood, invention, legend. [From בדה with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּדִיָּה see בְּדָיָה.

 

בִּדְיוֹן m.n. NH fantasy, invented story. [From בדה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בִּדְיוֹנִי adj. NH fantastic, something not real. [From בִּדְיוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּדָּיוּת see בַּדָּאוּת.

 

בְּדִיחָה f.n. NH joke, jest, funny story, witticism. [Verbal n. of בּדח; for the ending see suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּדִיחוּת f.n. PBH joy, jesting, happiness, fun, jocularity. [From בדח with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. בְּדִיחוּתָא.]

 

בְּדִיחוּתָא f.n. PBH joy, jesting, fun, pleasantry, jocularity. [Aram., from בדח.]

 

בְּדִיל ᴵ m.n. tin. [Perhaps from בדל (= to separate), because it is the dross in silver and gold and separated from them.]

 

בְּדִיל ᴵᴵ conj. PBH as to what refers to, on account of, for the sake of, in order that. [Aram.; compounded of דִּי, pref. בְּ◌ and suff. ◌ל. Corresponds to Heb. בּֽשֶׁל.]

 

בַּדְיָן m.n. NH one who invents stories, fantast. [Formed from בּדה ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בְּדִיעֲבַד adv. PBH after the event, post factum. [Aram., shortened from בִּדְאִיעֲבַד.]

 

בְּדִיקָה f.n. PBH examination, inspection, audit, test, check, check-up. [Verbal n. of בָּדַק; see בדק ᴵᴵ and suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בדל to depart, be detached, to remove, separate, stay away from.

    — Qal - בָּדַל he departed, he stayed away from.

    — Niph. - נִבְדַל he separated himself from.

    — Pi. - בִּדֵּל he differentiated.

    — Pu. - בֻּדַּל was differentiated.

    — Hiph. - הִבְדִּיל he distinguished, divided.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְדַּל was separated, was divided.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּדֵּל he detached himself from, separated. [cp. Aram. בּֽדַל, Syr. בּדל, Arab. badala (= he changed, substituted).] Derivatives: בָּדָל, בָּדֵל, בֹּדֶל.

 

בָּדָל m.n. a separate part, piece, end. [From בַּדל.]

 

בָּדֵל adj. MH separated, detached, withdrawn. [From בּדל.] Derivative: בּֽדֵלוּת.

 

בֹּֽדֶל m.n. MH difference, partition, screen. [From בדל.]

 

בְּדֵלוּת f.n. NH separation, detachment, aloofness. [Formed from בָּדֵל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּדֹֽלַח m.n. 1 crystal. 2 bdellium (an aromatic resin). [Aram. בְּדוּלְחָא, Phoen. בדלח, JAram. בְּדוּלֽחָה, Akka. budulḥu. cp. ‘bdellium’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בְּדָלְחִי adj. NH crystal, crystalline. [Formed from בְּדֹלַח with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּדְלֵיכָּא adv. PBH if there is not, when this is lacking, it is quite a different matter. [Formed from לֵיכָּא (= there is not) and suff. בְּ◌ and דּֽ◌.]

 

בַּדְלָן m.n. NH separatist, isolationist. [Formed from בדל with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בַּדְלָנוּת f.n. NH separatism, isolationism. [Formed from בַּדֽלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּדְלָנִי adj. NH separatist, separatistic. [Formed from בַּדְלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בדק ᴵ to mend, repair.

    — Qal - בָּדַק he mended, repaired (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. II 34:10). [Aram. בּֽדַק (= he split), Arab. bataka (= to detach, cut off), Ethiop. bataka (of the s.m.), Tigre batka (= to tear, to cut off), Akka. batāqu (= to cut off, to divide), Aram. בִּדֽקָא (= breaking into, breach, defect), Syr. בְּדָקָא (= mending, repair), Ugar. bdqt (= clefts in the clouds). See בתק.] Derivatives: בֶּדֶק ᴵ, מִבְדּוֹק.

 

בדק ᴵᴵ to examine, inspect.

    — Qal - בָּדַק he explored, examined.

    — Niph. - נִבְדַּק it was inspected, he was inspected.

    — Pi. - בִּדֵּק he examined, controlled, censored, checked.

    — Pu. - בֻּדַּק was examined, was controlled, was censored.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽדַּק was inspected, was examined. [JAram. בְּדַק (= he inspected, examined). cp. Syr. בּֽדַק (= he explored, examined). According to most scholars identical with בדק ᴵ.] Derivatives: בָּדוּק, בִּדּוּק, בּֽדוּקְי, בְּדִיקָה, בַּדְקָן, בִּדֹּקֶת, מַבְדֵּק, מִבְדָּקָה.

 

בַּדָּק m.n. NH censor. [Formed from בדק (= to inspect, examine), after the pattern פַּעָל, serving to form nomina opificum.]

 

בֶּֽדֶק m.n. 1 rent, breach. 2 mending, repair. [cp. JAram. בִּדְקָא (= breaking, breach). Derived from בדק ᴵ.]

 

בַּדְקָן m.n. NH a meticulous or over scrupulous person. [Formed from בּדק ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בַּדְקָנוּת f.n. NH meticulousness. [Formed from בַּדְקָן with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בַּדְקָנִי adj. NH meticulous, overscrupulous. [Formed from בַּדְקָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּדֹּֽקֶת f.n. NH censorship. [Formed from בדק ᴵᴵ (= to inspect, examine). For the form, cp. בִּקֹּרֶת (= critique) from בִּקֵּר (= criticized).]

 

בדר to scatter; to entertain, amuse.

    — Pi. - בִּדֵּר PBH 1 he scattered; NH 2 he entertained, amused.

    — Pu. - בֻּדַּר 1 was scattered; 2 was entertained.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּדֵּר 1 it was scattered; 2 he was entertained. [From Aram.–Syr., also BAram., בַּדֵּר (= he scattered), which is related to פזר, בזר. For the interchangeability of ב and פ, ד and ז, see the introductory entries to the letters ב and ז. Arab. badhara (= he sowed, disseminated), is an Aram. loan word).] Derivatives: בִּדּוּר, בַּדֽרָן, הִתְבַּדּֽרוּת.

 

בַּדְרָן m.n. NH entertainer, artiste, comedian. [Formed from בִּדֵּר, Pi. of בדר, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: בַּדֽרָנוּת.

 

בַּדְרָנוּת f.n. NH entertaining, entertainment. [From בַּדֽרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בָּהּ inflected pers. pron. meaning ‘in her’, ‘in it’. [Formed from בּֽ◌ with suff. ◌ָהּ.]

 

בָּהָא PBH [Orthographical variant of בָּהָה (q.v.).]

 

בַּהֲדֵי conj. PBH with. [From J Aram. בַּהֲדֵי (= in the presence of, during the time that). Compounded of הֲדֵי (= connection of) and pref. בְּ◌ (= in). Related to Syr. הָדֵי (= to connect), related also to הֲדָדֵי (= each other, mutually, together).]

 

בּהה to be astonished, amazed.

    — Qal - בָּהָה was astonished, was amazed (mostly used in the part. בּוֹהֶה). [Perhaps derived from בֹּהוּ.] Derivatives: בְּהִיָּה, בּוֹהֶה.

 

בֹּֽהוּ m.n. emptiness, chaos. [From base בהה. cp. Arab. bahw (= hollow).]

 

בָּהוּל adj. PBH hasty, in a hurry; excited, worried, puzzled. [Pass. part. of בּהל.] Derivative: בְּהִילוּת.

 

בִּהוּם m.n. NH brutalization. [Verbal n. of בִּהֵם, Pi. of בּהם.]

 

בָּהוּק adj. NH shining, bright, flashing. [Pass. part. of בּהק.] Derivative: בְּהִיקוּת.

 

בְּהֶחְלֵט adv. absolutely, decidedly, definitely. [Formed from הֶחְלֵט with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בַּֽהַט m.n. alabaster, porphyry (?) (name of a precious stone) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Est. 1:6). [Some scholars connect it with Arab. baht (= aelites), others see in it a loan word from Egypt. ’bhty (= a precious stone from Nubia).]

 

בְּהִיָּה f.n. NH astonishment, amazement. [Verbal n. of בּהה. For the ending see suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּהִילוּת f.n. PBH haste, hurry, excitement, alarm. [Formed from בָּהוּל, pass. part. of בּהל, with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּהִיקוּת f.n. MH 1 radiance, luster. NH 2 luminance. [Formed from בָּהוּק, pass. part. of בּהק, with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בָּהִיר adj. 1 bright, brilliant, clear (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 37:21). NH 2 lucid, light. From בּהר. cp. Aram. בּֽהִירָא (= shining, bright), Syr. בַּהִירָא (= dim, uncertain), Arab. bahara (= to shine), Ethiop. barha (= to shine).] Derivative: בְּהִירוּת.

 

בְּהִירוּת f.n. MH 1 brightness, clearness. NH 2 lucidity. [From בָּהִיר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בּהל to be alarmed, be frightened.

    — Qal (see . - בָּהוּל ).

    — Niph. - נִבְהַל he was frightened, was alarmed.

    — Pi. - בִּהֵל 1 he dismayed, terrified, alarmed; 2 he hastened.

    — Pu. - בֹּהַל was hastened.

    — Nith. - נִתְבַּהֵל he became frightened, became alarmed.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽהִיל he frightened, terrified, dismayed, alarmed.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְהַל 1 he was frightened; 2 he was hastened. [Base of בֶּהָלָה. Related to JAram. בַּהֵל (= to frighten), Arab. būhali (= idiot, stupid).] Derivatives: בָּהוּל, מַבְהִיל, מְבֹהָל, נִבְהָל, הִבָּהֲלוּת, תַּבְהֵלָה.

 

בֶּהָלָה f.n. fright, dismay, terror, confusion. [Formed from בהל with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בהם to brutalize.

    — Pi. - בִּהֵם he brutalized.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּהֵם he was brutalized. [Back formation from בְּהֵמָה (= beast). cp. Arab. abhama (= dumb), Ethiop. behma (= was or became dumb).] Derivatives: בִּהוּם, הִתְבַּהֲמוּת, מְבֹהָם.

 

בָּהֶם pron. inflected personal pron. meaning ‘in them’ (m.). [Formed from בְּ◌ with third personal pl. m. suff. See בָּם and cp. בָּהֵמָּה.]

 

בֶּהָם m.n. NH animal driver, drover. [Back formation from בְּהֵמָה.]

 

בָּהֵמָּה pron. inflected personal pron. meaning ‘in them’ (poetically). See בָּהֶם.]

 

בְּהֵמָה f.n. animal, beast, cattle. [cp. Ugar. bhmt (= life stock, cattle), Aram. בהמיתה, בהמתה (= livestock), Mand. באהימא (= ass), Arab. bahīma (= beast, animal, cattle), bahma (= lamb, sheep), bahm (= small cattle). For the ending see suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: בהם, בֶּהָם, בַּהֲמִי.

 

בְּהֵמוֹת m.n. hippopotamus (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 40:15). [Originally pl. extensivus of בְּהֵמָה (= beast). The Heb. word בְּהֵמוֹת was borrowed by several European languages; see Eng. behemoth (= hippopotamus) etc.]

 

בַּהֲמוּת f.n. MH animality, bestiality, brutishness. [Formed from בְּהֵמָה with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּהֲמִי adj. MH of an animal, brutish, bestial, brutal. [Formed from בְּהֵמָה with adj. suff. ◌ִי. cp. Arab. bahīmiyyi (= bestial, brutish).]

 

בַּהֲמִיּוּת f.n. MH 1 animal nature, animality. NH 2 bestiality, brutishness. [Formed from בַּהֲמִי with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Arab. bahīmiyya (= bestiality, brutishness).]

 

בָּהֶן, בָּהֵן pron. inflected personal pron. meaning ‘in them’ (f.). [Formed from pref. בְּ◌ with third personal pl. f. suff. cp. בָּהֵנָּה.]

 

בֹּֽהֶן m.n. (pl. בְּהוֹנוֹת) thumb, big toe. [Related to Arab. ’ibham (= thumb, big toe), Ethiop. habin (s.m.), Akka. ubānu (= finger, toe).] Derivatives: בהן, מַבְהֵן.

 

בהן to toe, to stand on tiptoe.

    — Hiph. - הִבְהִין he stood on tiptoe. [Denominated from בֹּהֶן.]

 

בָּהֵנָּה pron. inflected personal pron. meaning ‘in them’ (f.), (used in poetry). [See בָּהֶן.]

 

בהק to shine, to glow, to glitter.

    — Qal - בָּהַק it shone, glittered.

    — Pi. - בִּהֵק it brightened, illuminated.

    — Nith. - נִתְבֵּהֵק it glittered, shone.

    — Hiph. - הִבְהִיק 1 it glittered, shone; 2 it made to shine.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽהַק it was illuminated. [Related to JAram.–Syr. בּֽהַק (= it shone, glittered), Syr. אַבְהֵק (= to shine), Arab. bhak (= to appear behind the clouds).]

 

בֹּֽהַק ᴵ m.n. 1 a kind of disease (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 13:39). NH 2 vitiligo (diseases [Aram. בַּהֲקָא, Arab. bahaq, Akka. ibgu.]

 

בֹּֽהַק ᴵᴵ m.n. MH brightness. [From בהק. Related to בֹּהַק ᴵ.]

 

בַּהֲקָן m.n. NH 1 vitiliginous. PBH 2 albino. [Formed from בֹּהַק ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בָּהֳקָנִי adj. NH bright, white. [Formed from בֹּהַק ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

בַּהֶֽקֶת f.n. MH leukodermia, albinism (disease). [Formed from בֹּהַק ᴵ with suff. ◌ֶת, according to pattern פַּעֶלֶת, used to form names of diseases.]

 

בהר to clarify, clear, brighten.

    — Hiph. - הִבְהִיר he cleared, clarified, brightened, explained himself.

    — Pu. - הֻבֽהַר it was clarified, was cleared.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּהֵר it became clear. [Aram. בּֽהַר, Arab. bahara. Prob. extended from בַּר ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivative: בֹּהַר.

 

בֹּֽהַר m.n. MH clearness, clarity. [From בָּהִיר.]

 

בְּהָרַב m.n. MH the Rabbi’s son. [Contraction of בֶּן (= son of) and הָרַב (= the Rabbi).]

 

בַּהֶֽרֶת f.n. macula, bright spot (on the skin). [Aram. בַּהֲרָא, Akka. bi’aru. Formed from בהר according to pattern פַּעֶלֶת, used to form names of diseases.]

 

בּוֹ pron. inflected third pers. singular m. of בּֽ◌ ᴵ, meaning ‘in him’, ‘in it’, ‘therein’.

 

בוא to come, come in, arrive, enter, reach, happen, set (said of the sun).

    — Qal - בָּא he came, came in, arrived entered, reached, happened, it set (said of the sun).

    — Hiph. - הֵבִיא he brought, brought in, caused to, led to.

    — Hoph. - הוּבָא was brought. [Akka. bā’u, Arab. ba’a (= he returned).]

 

בּוֹאֲךָ (poetically בּוֹאֲכָה) towards, into, as you come to, in the direction of. [Properly: inflected second pers. singular m. of בּוא.]

 

בּוֹאֵשׁ m.n. NH skunk, stinker, Mephitis (an animal that excretes stinking secretion

    against its enemies). [Subst. use of the part. of . - באש .]

 

בּוּבְיָא f.n. PBH (a secondary form of בָּבוּאָה).

 

בּוֹגֵד m.n. traitor, betrayer, turncoat, renegade, treacherous, unfaithful, disloyal. [Subst. use of the part. of בָּגַד; see בגד.] Derivatives: בּוֹגֽדָנוּת, בּוֹגְדָנִי.

 

בּוֹגְדִיחָן m.n. FW bogdikhan (= Mongolian noble). [Mongolian bogdi-khan (= the holy Khan).]

 

בּוֹגְדָנוּת f.n. NH treachery, unfaithfulness, traitorousness. [Formed from בּוֹגֵד with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

בּוֹגְדָנִי adj. NH treacherous, unfaithful, traitorous. [Formed from בּוֹגֵד with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

בּוּגֶנְוִילֶיאָה f.n. FW bougainvillea (a genus of plants). [So called after the name of the French scholar Bougainville (19th century).]

 

בּוֹגֵר m.n. PBH adult, mature, adolescent, graduate of. [Subst. use of the pres. part. of בָּגַר; see בגר.]

 

בְּוַדַּאי adv. PBH certainly, undoubtedly. [Formed from וַדַּאי (= certainly) and pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בּוֹדֵד adj. 1 lonely. NH 2 single, lonely, isolated. NH 3 far away. [pres. part. of בָּדַד; see בדד.]

 

בּוּדְהִיזְם m.n. FW Buddhism (the teaching of Sidharta Gautama (563–483 B.C.), who was called the Buddha, ‘the enlightened one’). [From Old I. buddháḥ (= awakened, enlightened).]

 

בּוֹדִידָה f.n. PBH a small oil-press. [Derived from בַּד ᴵᴵ, through reduplication of the last letter, with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בּוֹדֶֽלֶת f.n. MH 1 ‘parocheth’ (curtain of the Ark of the Law). NH 2 curtain. [Subst. use of בּוֹדֶלֶת, f. of בּוֹדֵל, part. of בָּדַל; see בדל.]

 

בּוֹדֵק m.n. MH examiner, inspector. [Subst. use of the pres. part. of בָּדַק; see בדק.]

 

בּוֹהֶה adj. PBH flabbergasted, dumbfounded. [Pres. part. of בָּהָה; see בהה.]

 

בּוֹהֶמָה f.n. FW unconventional style of life (esp. of artists and students). [Fren. bohéme (= gypsyhood, gypsy-like), from Bohemia (Czechoslovakia), the home- land of the gypsies.]

 

בּוֹהֶמִי adj. bohemian (one who lives unconventionally). [See בּוֹהֶמָה.]

 

בּוֹהֵק ᴵ m.n. PBH albino. [Formed from בֹּהַק ᴵ.]

 

בּוֹהֵק ᴵᴵ adj. NH shining, glittering. [Formed from בֹּהַק ᴵᴵ.]

 

בוז to despise, mock at, treat with contempt.

    — Qal - בָּז he despised, mocked at, treated with contempt. [Related to בזה. cp. Arab. badha‘a.] Derivative: בּוּז.

 

בּוּז m.n. shame, mockery, contempt, disgrace. [From בוז.] Derivative: בּוּזָה.

 

בּוּזָה m.n. shame, disgrace. [f. of בּוּז.]

 

בּוֹזֵז m.n. robber. [Subst. use of the pres. part. of בָּזַז; see בזז.] Derivative: בּוֹזְזָן.

 

בּוֹזְזָן m.n. NH robber, plunderer. [Formed from בּוֹזֵז with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בּוֹחֵן m.n. NH examiner, tester. [Subst. use of the pres. part. of בָּחַן; see בחן.]

 

בּוֹחֵר m.n. NH voter, elector. [Subst. use of the pres. part. of בָּחַר; see בחר.]

 

בּוֹטֶה adj. NH biting, sharp, strong. [pres. part. of בָּטָה; see בטה.]

 

בּוּטִיק m.n. FW boutique, shop. [Fren., from Old Provençal botica, also botiga, from Gk. apotheke (= any place wherein to lay up something, magazine, storehouse).]

 

בּוֹטֶן see בָּטֽנֶה.

 

בּוֹטָנַאי m.n. FW botanist. [Derived from בּוֹטָנִיקָה with suff. ◌ַי.]

 

בּוֹטַנִי adj. FW botanical. [From בּוֹטָנִיקָה.]

 

בּוֹטָנִיקָה f.n. FW botany. [Fren. botanique, from Gk. botaniche (= knowledge of botany), from botane (= pasture, fodder).]

 

בּוֹיְקוֹט m.n. FW boycott. [From Captain Charles Boycott, an English land agent in Ireland, who was the first to be so treated (in 1880).]

 

בּוֹיְשָׁן see בַּיְּשָׁן.

 

בוך to be confused, to become perplexed.

    — Niph. - נָבוֹךְ he became perplexed, was confused, was bewildered.

    — Hiph. - הֵבִיךְ tr. v. he perplexed, confused, bewildered.

    — Hoph. - הוּבַךְ he was perplexed, was confused, was bewildered. [Aram. בוך, בָּיֵךְ, Arab. bākhkha. See אבך.] Derivative: הֲבָכָה.

 

בּוּכְיָא m.n. PBH spider. [Aram.].

 

בּוּכְיָר see בֻּכְיָר.

 

בּוּכְנָה see בֻּכְנָה.

 

בּוּל ᴵ m.n. produce, fruit. [Perhaps from יֽבוּל.]

 

בּוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. block, lump. [Akka. bulu (= a block of dry wood), Gk. bulos (= a lump of earth).]

 

בּוּל ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. NH (postal) stamp. [From Arab. bul (of the s.m.).]

 

בּוּל ᴵⱽ m.n. NH bull’s-eye. [From Eng.]

 

בּוּלָאוּת f.n. NH stamp collecting, philately. [Formed from בּוּלַאי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בּוּלַאי m.n. NH stamp collector, philatelist. [Formed from בּוּל ᴵᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

בּוּלָאִי adj. NH philatelic. [Formed from בּוּל ᴵᴵᴵ with suff. ◌אִי.]

 

בּוּלְבּוּל see בֻּלְבּוּל.

 

בּוּלְבּוּס see בֻּלְבּוּס.

 

בּוּלְבּוּסָן see בֻּלֽבּוּסָן.

 

בּוּלְדוֹג m.n. FW bulldog. [Eng. bulldog. Compounded of bull and dog; so called because originally used for baiting bulls.]

 

בּוּלְדוֹזֶר m.n. FW bulldozer. [Eng. bulldozer, formed from the verb bulldoze (= to break boulders of rock or ore, to move, clear, level off). Derived perhaps from bull doze, in the sense ‘a large portion of bull work’).]

 

בּוֹלֵט adj. PBH 1 protruding. 2 conspicuous, prominent, remarkable. [pres. part. of בָּלַט; see בלט.]

 

בּוּלֶטִין m.n. FW bulletin. [Fren. bulletin, from It. balletino (= form, receipt), from bolla (= seal, sealed paper). See ‘bull’ (edict) in my CEDEL.]

 

בּוּלְמוּס see בֻּלְמוּס.

 

בּוֹלְשֶׁבִיק m.n. FW Bolshevik. [Russian Bolshevik (= lit.: ‘one of the majority’), from bolsh (= more, larger). So called with reference to radical majority fraction of the Russian Social-Democratic party (in its second congress, 1903), when to fraction of the party arose majority Bolsheviki and minority mensheviki.]

 

בּוֹלֶֽשֶׁת f.n. PBH 1 reconnoitering troop. NH 2 secret police. [Subst. f. form of the act. part. of בָּלַשׁ; see בלש.]

 

בּוּם m.n. NH boom. [Of imitative origin.]

 

בום apparent base of בָּמָה (q.v.).

 

בּוֹמְבַּסְטִי adj. FW bombastic. [From Bombastic (= lit.: ‘in the style of Bombastus Paracelsus’ (1493–1541). The private name Bombastus derives from Med. L. bombax, from Gk. bambakion (= cotton).]

 

בּוֹמְבַּסְטִיּוּת f.n. FW bombast. [Formed from בּוֹמֽבַּסְטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בּוּמַ״ף abbr. NH the four labials (in the Heb. alphabet). [Formed from the initials of the names of the letters בֵּית, וָו, מֵם and פֵּא.]

 

בּוּמֶרַנְג m.n. FW boomerang. [From native Australian name.]

 

בּוּנְגָּלוֹ m.n. FW (pl. בּוּנֽגָּלוֹאוֹת) bungalow. [Eng., from Hindustani bāngla (= house in the Bengal style).]

 

בּוֹנֶה ᴵ m.n. builder, mason. [Subst. use of the act. part. of בָּנָה (= to build); see בנה.]

 

בּוֹנֶה ᴵᴵ m.n. NH beaver. [Lit.: ‘builder’. See בּוֹנֶה ᴵ.]

 

בּוֹנוּס m.n. FW bonus. [L. bonus (= good), related to L. bene (= well), bellus (= handsome, charming, fine). See ‘bonus’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to.]

 

בּוּנְזֶן m.n. FW Bunsen burner. [Named after its inventor, the German chemist R.W. Bunsen (1811–1899).]

 

בּוֹנְנוּת f.n. NH insight (psychology). [Formed from בּוֹנֵן, Pi. of בין ᴵ, with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בוס to tread, trample.

    — Qal - בָּס he trod.

    — Po‘lel . - בּוֹסֵס he trod under foot, trampled.

    — Hithpol. - הִתֽבּוֹסֵס was trod upon, was trampled down.

    — Hiph. - הֵבִיס was trodden upon, trampled down.

    — Hoph. - הוּבַס was trampled down. [Prob. related to בסס, Aram. בּֽסַס, Mand. בסוס (= to tread down).] Derivatives: הֲבָסָה, הִתְבּוֹסְסוּת, מְבוּסָה, מוּבָס, תְּבוּסָה, תְּבוּסָן. cp. בסס ᴵᴵ. cp. also בשׁס.

 

בּוֹס m.n. FW boss. [Eng., from Dutch baas (= master).]

 

בּוּעָה f.n. MH bubble; blister, boil. [Aram. בּוּעָא, בּוּעֲתָא, from בּוּעַ (= to bubble, to blister), which is related to בעה ᴵ (q.v.).]

 

בּוּעִית f.n. NH a small bubble, a small blister. [Formed from בּוּעָה with the dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בּוֹעֵר ᴵ m.n. ignorant, boor. [Subst. use of the act. part. of בער ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

בּוֹעֵר ᴵᴵ adj. NH 1 burning. 2 (fig.) most urgent. [Pres. part. of בָּעַר; see בער ᴵ.]

 

בּוּץ m.n. fine linen, byssus. [Together with Aram. and Syr. בּוּצָא prob. borrowed from Akka. būṣu (= fine linen, byssus). Gk. byssos (= fine white linen) is a Sem. loan word. cp. Arab. bāḍā, abyaḍu (= white). See בֵּיצָה.]

 

בּוֹץ see בֹּץ.

 

בּוּצִין ᴵ m.n. NH Verbuscum (botany). [From Aram. בּוּצִינָא (= candle, light); so called in allusion to the shape of the flower.]

 

בּוּצִין ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH marrow (vegetable). [Aram.; see בּוּצִינָא.]

 

בּוּצִינָא m.n. PBH candle, light. [Aram., loan from Akka. buṣinnu (= lamp wick), bit businni (= lamp; lit.: ‘wick house’).]

 

בּוֹצִיץ m.n. NH Butomus (botany). [Lit.: ‘marsh plant’. Formed from בִּצָּה (= marsh).]

 

בּוּצִית f.n. PBH a small boat (a variant form of בִּצִּית). [From Aram. בִּיצִיתָא, בּוּצִיתָא (of the s.m.). According to some scholars derived from בִּצָּה (= marsh, swamp), hence lit. meaning ‘a swamp boat’.]

 

בּוֹצֵר m.n. vintager. [Subst. use of the act. part. of בָּצַר; see בצר ᴵ.]

 

בוק to be empty. [Base of בּוּקָה. cp. related base בקק.]

 

בּוּקָה f.n. emptiness, desolation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Nah. 2:11 in the phrase בּוּקָה וּמְבוּקָה וּמֽבֻלָּקָה, ‘emptiness and void and waste’). [Formed from בוק with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Arab. bāqa (= to perish, to be missed).]

 

בּוּקִיצָה f.n. NH elm. [From Arab. būqīṣā, from some Slavic source. Prob. from Serbo-Croatian bukvica (= small beech), dimin. from bukva (= beech), which is akin to Russian buk, Eng. beech, Ger. Buche, etc.]

 

בּוֹקְס m.n. FW boxing. [From Eng. box (lit.: ‘a blow’) which is of uncertain, possibly imitative, origin).]

 

בּוֹקְסֶר m.n. FW boxer. [Eng. boxer. Formed from box (see בּוֹקְס).]

 

בּוֹקֵק adj. empty. [Act. part. of בָּקַק. See בקק.]

 

בּוֹקֵר m.n. herdsman, shepherd. [Derived from בָּקָר (= cattle, herd).]

 

בּוֹר m.n. (pl. בּוֹרוֹת) 1 cistern, pit. 2 dungeon. 3 grave. [For בֹּאר, from בּֽאֵר (= well, pit).]

 

בור ᴵ to choose, examine.

    — Qal - בָּר he chose, examined (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 9:1). [A secondary form of ברר ᴵ.]

 

בור ᴵᴵ to lie fallow, to be uncultivated.

    — Qal - בָּר it remained uncultivated, it lay fallow.

    — Hiph. - הֵבִיר, הוֹבִיר he let (a field) to lie fallow, left uncultivated.

    — Hoph. - הוּבַר was left uncultivated.

    — Pi. - בִּיֵּר he let (a field) lie fallow.

    — Pu. - בֻּיַּר was left uncultivated. [Aram. ברי (= to lie fallow, to be uncultivated). Arab. bawwara is perhaps a loan word from Aram.] Derivatives: בּוּר (n.), הוֹבָרָה, מְבֻיָּר, מוּבָר.

 

בּוּר PBH 1 fallow land, uncultivated (field). PBH 2 illiterate, ignorant. [From בור ᴵᴵ.]

 

בּוֹרֵא m.n. Creator, Maker, God. [Subst. use of act. part. of בָּרָא. See ברא.]

 

בּוּרְגָּן see בֻּרְגָּן.

 

בּוּרְגָּנוּת see בֻּרְגָּנוּת.

 

בּוּרְגָּנִי see בֻּרֽגָּנִי.

 

בּוֹרְדָם m.n. PBH dysentery. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps a compound of בּוֹר (= cistern, well) and דָּם (= blood).]

 

בּוּרוּת f.n. PBH illiteracy, ignorance. [Formed from בּוּר (in sense 2) with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בּוֹרִית ᴵ f.n. NH Saponaria (botany). [From בֹּרִית (= soap).]

 

בּוֹרִית ᴵᴵ see בֹּרִית.

 

בּוּרְכָּא f.n. PBH absurd, nonsense. [Aram.]

 

בּוּרְלֶסְקָה f.n. FW burlesque. [Fren. burlesque, from It. burlesco, from burla (= jest), from L. burrula, būrula, dimin. of L. burrae (= flock of wool; used in the pl. in the sense of ‘trifles, nonsense’).]

 

בּוּרְסָה f.n. FW stock exchange. [Fren. bourse (= purse, exchange), from Late L. bursa (= purse). The sense development of the word is due to the following facts. In the 13th century a famous family of merchants living in Bruges (Belgium) was called Van der Bruse in allusion to the three purses contained in their coat of arms. The place before their house became a celebrated meeting center of merchants and bankers. This is why the Exchange of Antwerp built after the pattern of that in Bruges was called Burse. Later this word became a general name denoting exchange.] Derivative: בּוּרְסָן.

 

בּוּרְסִי see בֻּרְסִי.

 

בּוּרְסָן m.n. NH stockbroker. [Formed from בּוּרְסָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בּוּרְסְקָאוּת see בֻּרְסְקָאוּת.

 

בּוּרְסְקִי see בֻּרֽסְקִי.

 

בּוֹרֵר m.n. MH arbitrator. [Subst. use of the act. part. of בָּרַר. See ברר ᴵ.] Derivative: בּוֹרְרוּת.

 

בּוֹרְרוּת f.n. NH arbitration, arbitrage. [Formed from בּוֹרֵר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בוש ᴵ to be ashamed.

    — Qal - בּוֹשׁ he was ashamed, was embarrassed, was disappointed.

    — Pi. - בִּיֵּשׁ to put to shame (possibly derived from בּוּשָׁה).

    — Pu. - בֻּיַּשׁ he was put to shame.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּיֵּשׁ he was ashamed.

    — Hithpol. - הִתְבּוֹשֵׁשׁ he was ashamed.

    — Hiph. - הֵבִישׁ, הוֹבִישׁ 1 he put to shame; 2 he acted shamefully. [Related to Aram.–Syr. בְּהֵת, Ugar. bāsh, Akka. bāshu (= he was ashamed), Arab. b-h-th (= to fornicate).] Derivatives: בּוֹשׁ (adj.), בּוּשָׁה, בִּיּוּשׁ, בַּיֽשָׁן, בָּשְׁנָה, בּשֶׁת, הִתְבּוֹשְׁשׁוּת, הִתְבַּיּֽשׁוּת, מֽבוּשִׁים, מֵבִישׁ, מֽבֻיָּשׁ.

 

בושׁ ᴵᴵ to delay.

    — Pol. - בּוֹשֵׁשׁ (= to be late).] [cp. Arab. bassa (= to drive an animal gently).

 

בּוֹשׁ adj. PBH ashamed, shamefaced, bashful. [Part. of בָּשׁ. See בוש ᴵ.]

 

בּוּשָׁה f.n. shame, disgrace. [Formed from בוש ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. בֹּשֶת.]

 

בַּז ᴵ m.n. booty, spoil, prey, plunder, pillage. [From בזז.]

 

בַּז ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH falcon. [Prob. a derivative of בזז and lit. meaning ‘plundered, plunderer’. Aram.; related to Arab. bā’z (of s.m.).]

 

בַּזְבּוּז m.n. NH finch. [Of imitative origin.]

 

בִּזְבּוּז m.n. NH waste, squandering, extravagance. [Verbal n. of בִּזְבֵּז; see בזבז.]

 

בזבז to waste, to squander, to dissipate.

    — Pilp. - בִּזְבֵּז he spent, wasted, squandered, dissipated.

    — Pulp. - בֻּזְבַּז was spent, was wasted, was squandered, was dissipated.

    — Hithpalp. - הִתְבַּזֽבֵּז (of s.m.). [Pilp. of בזז (= to spoil, to plunder); related to Aram. בִּזְבֵּז (= to tear down), Arab. bazbaza (= to take away). cp. other Pilp. verbs: אטאט (= to slow down) from אט; בלבל (= to confuse) from בלל; בצבץ (= to burst forth) from בצץ; גלגל (= to roll) from גלל; גשגש (= to rustle, to tinkle) from גשש; דכדך (= to crush, oppress) from דכך; צלצל (= to cause to hang down) from צלל; דקדק (= to make thin; to examine minutely) from; דקק; דשדש (= to tread) from דשש, דוש; זכזך (= to purify) from זכך; זלזל (= to despise) from זלל; חכחך (= to clear one’s throat) from חכך; טמטם (= to knead, made stupid) from טמם; מסמס (= to melt, dissolve) from מסס; מצמץ (= to suck) from מצץ; מקמק (= to cause to rot) from מקק; מרמר (= to cause bitterness to, to embitter) from מרר; משמש (= to touch, to feel, to examine, to search, to manipulate, to handle) from משש; נמנם (= to slumber) from נום; צפצף ᴵᴵ to be pressed) from צפף; קלקל ᴵ to shake, to whet) from קלל (= to be swift); קלקל ᴵᴵ (= to spoil, damage) from קלל (= to be lightly esteemed); רכרך (= to soften slightly) from רכך; רערע (= to rustle) from רעע ᴵᴵ; רפרף (= to flutter) from רפף (= to move gently); שכשך ᴵᴵ to appease, to pacify) from שכך.] Derivatives: מְבַזְבֵּז, מֽבֻזֽבָּז, בִּזֽבּוּז, בַּזֽבּֽזָן, הִתֽבַּזֽבּֽזוּת.

 

בַּזְבְּזָן m.n. NH squanderer, spendthrift. [Formed from בִּזֽבֵּז (see בזבז) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: בַּזְבְּזָנוּת, בַּזֽבּֽזָנִי.

 

בַּזְבְּזָנוּת f.n. NH squandering, extravagance, prodigality. [Formed from בַּזְבְּזָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּזְבְּזָנִי adj. NH prodigal, extravagant. [Formed from בַּזְבּֽזָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בזה to despise.

    — Qal - בָּזָה he despised, disdained, scorned.

    — Niph. - נִבְזָה was disdained, was scorned.

    — Pi. - בִּזָּה he despised, disdained, scorned.

    — Pu. - בֻּזָּה was despised, was disdained, was scorned.

    — Hith. - הִתֽבַּזָּה was despised, was disdained, abased himself.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽזָה he caused to despise.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְזָה he was degraded, was humiliated. [Base of בָּזֹה and of בִּזָּיוֹן. Related to Aram. בּֽזָא, Aram. Syr. בּֽסָא, Arab. bada’a (of s.m.), Akka. buzzu’u (= to maltreat).] Derivatives: בָּזֹה, בָּזוּי, בִּזּוּי, בִּזָּיוֹן, הִתְבַּזּוּת, נִבְזֶה, מְבֻזֶּה.

 

בָּזֹה adj. despised (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 49:7 in the phrase בּֽזֹה־נֶפֶשׁ, ‘despised by men’). [From בזה. cp. Arab. baḍu’a (= to be dissolute, wicked).]

 

בִּזָּה f.n. booty, spoil, plunder, pillage. [Formed from בזז with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בָּזוֹז m.n. PBH plunderer, robber. [Derived from בזז, according to the pattern פָּעוֹל used to form agential nouns.]

 

בָּזוּי adj. despised, contemptible. [Pass. part. of בָּזָה (see בזה).]

 

בִּזּוּי m.n. PBH despising, contempt. [Verbal n. of בִּזָּה (= he despised), Pi. of בזה.]

 

בָּזוּק ᴵ adj. NH scattered, sprinkled. [Pass. part. of בָּזַק; see בזק ᴵ.]

 

בָּזוּק ᴵᴵ adj. NH flashing. [Pass. part. of בָּזַק; see בזק ᴵᴵ.]

 

בָּזוּקָה f.n. FW bazooka (a light anti-tank shoulder weapon). [Eng.; originally name of a kind of wind instrument invented and named by the American comedian Bob Burns (died in 1956).]

 

בִּזּוּר m.n. NH decentralization. [Verbal n. of בִּזֵּר, Pi. of בזר; lit. meaning ‘scattering’.]

 

בָּזוּר adj. PBH scattered. [Pass. part. of בָּזַר; see בזר.]

 

בזז to spoil, plunder, pillage, rob.

    — Qal - בָּזַז, בַּז he spoiled, plundered, pillaged, robbed.

    — Niph. - נָבוֹז, נִבְזַז was plundered, was pillaged, was robbed.

    — Pu. - בֻּזַּז (of s.m.).

    — Hithpol. - הִתֽבּוֹזֵז (of s.m.). [Related to Aram. בְּזַז, Syr. בַּז, Arab. bazza (= to spoil, to plunder).]

 

בִּזָּיוֹן m.n. (pl. בִּזְיוֹנוֹת) shame, disgrace, contempt, scorn (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Esther 1:18). [Formed from בזה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בִּזְיוֹנִי adj. NH shameful, disgraceful. [Formed from בִּזָּיוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בְּזִיזָה f.n. NH plundering, pillage, robbery. [Verbal n. of בָּזַז; see בזז and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: בַּז ᴵ, בִּזָּה, בָּזוֹז, בְּזִיזָה.

 

בָּזִיךְ m.n. PBH censer. [Together with Aram. בָּזִיךְ, בָּזִיכָא borrowed from Pers.]

 

בְּזִיל־הַזּוֹל adv. NH very cheap. [See זִיל ᴵᴵᴵ and זוֹל.]

 

בְּזִיעָה f.n. MH tearing, rending. [Verbal n. of בָּזַע. See בזע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּזִיקָה ᴵ f.n. NH strewing, scattering. [Verbal n. of בזק ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּזִיקָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH flashing. [Verbal n. of בזק ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בַּזְיָר m.n. PBH falconer. [Pers. bāzyār (= falconer), from bāz (= falcon). See בַּז ᴵᴵ.]

 

בַּזֶּֽלֶת f.n. NH basalt. [L. basaltēs, explained by most lexicographers as a word of African origin. According to other scholars basaltēs is a corruption of L. basanites, which may have come from Gk. basanites (lithos), lit. ‘the stone from Basan’. Basan is the Gk. transcription of בָּשָׁן (= Bashan), a region east of Jordan especially rich in basalt.]

 

בַּזַּלְתִּי adj. NH of basalt. [Formed from בַּזֶּלֶת with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בזע to tear, rend.

    — Qal - בָּזַע he tore, rent.

    — Pi. - בִּזַּע (of s.m.).

    — Niph. - נִבְזַע was torn, was rent. [Aram. בְּזַע (= he tore, rent). Related to base בצע.] Derivative: בְּזִיעָה.

 

בזק ᴵ to strew, scatter.

    — Qal - בָּזַק he strewed, he scattered.

    — Niph. - נִבְזַק was strewn, was scattered.

    — Hith. - הִתֽבַּזֵּק (of s.m.). [Related to Aram.-Syr. בְּזַק (= he strewed, scattered), Arab. bázaka (= he sowed, he spat).] Derivatives: בֶּזֶק, מַבְזֵק ᴵ.

 

בזק ᴵᴵ to flash.

    — Qal - בָּזַק it flashed.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽזִיק (of s.m.).

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽזַק it was flashed.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּזֵּק it was flashed. [Denominated from בָּזָק (= lightning, flash).] Derivatives: הֶבֽזֵק, הַבֽזָקָה, הִתְבַּזּֽקוּת, מַבְזֵק ᴵᴵ.

 

בָּזָק m.n. lightning, flash (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 1:14). [Of uncertain etymology. The meaning has been influenced by the word בָּרָק (= lightning), and according to some scholars בָּזָק in the Bible is an error for בָּרָק.]

 

בֶּֽזֶק ᴵ m.n. NH telecommunication. [From בָּזָק (= lightning, flash).]

 

בֶּזֶק ᴵᴵ m.n. fragment, shred. [From בזק ᴵ. cp. Aram. בִּזְקָא (= fragment, shred), Syr. בֶּזֽקָא (= small pebble).]

 

בזר to scatter, strew (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Dan. 11:14).

    — Qal - בָּזַר he scattered.

    — Pi. - בִּזֵּר (of s.m.).

    — Pu. - בֻּזַּר was scattered, was strewed. [Related to bases פזר and בדר. cp. JAram. בַּדֵּר, Syr. בּֽדַר (of s.m.), Arab. badara (= to sow, to scatter).] Derivatives: בָּזוּר, בִּזּוּר.

 

בָּזָר m.n. FW bazaar. [From Pers. bāzar (= market).]

 

בַּחוּן m.n. watchtower (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 23:13). [Prob. derived from בחן (q.v.).]

 

בָּחוֹן m.n. 1 examiner (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 6:27). NH 2 yardstick, criterion. [Derived from בָּחַן (see בחן), according to pattern פָּעוֹל, used to form agential nouns).]

 

בָּחוּן adj. PBH examined, tested. [Pass. part. of בָּחַן (see בחן).]

 

בָּחוּר ᴵ adj. chosen, elected. [Pass. part. of בָּחַר (see. בחר ᴵ).]

 

בָּחוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. young man, youth. [cp. Akka. (ṣabu) beḥrum (= elite soldier). Prob. related to בחר ᴵ (= to choose).]

 

בַּחוּרָה f.n. PBH girl, maiden. [Derived from בָּחוּר with f. suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בַּחוּרוֹן m.n. NH youngster. [Formed from בָּחוּר with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בְּחוּרוֹת f.n. pl. period of youth. [Formed from בָּחוּר.]

 

בַּחוּרֹנֶת f.n. NH young girl. [Formed from בַּחוּרָה with f. dimin. suff. ◌ֹנֶת.]

 

בָּחוּשׁ adj. NH stirred, mixed. [Pass. part. of בָּחַשׁ; see בחש.]

 

בִּחוּשׁ m.n. NH stirring, mixing. [Verbal n. of בִּחֵשׁ, Pi. of בחש.]

 

בְּחֶזְקַת ᴵ adv. PBH in the state of, by virtue of, considered as. [Formed from חֶזְקַת, c. st. of חֲזָקָה, with pref. בּֽ◌.]

 

בְּחֶזְקַת ᴵᴵ adv. NH to the nth degree (mathematics). [Formed from חֶזֽקַת, c. st. of חֶזְקָה, with pref. בּֽ◌.]

 

בְּחִילָה f.n. NH loathing, disgust. [Verbal n. of בָּחַל; see בחל ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּחִינָה f.n. MH examination, test. [Verbal n. of בָּחַן; see בחן and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בָּחִיר adj. chosen, elect, select. [Derived from בחר ᴵ.]

 

בְּחִירָה f.n. PBH choice, election; option, alternative; free will. [Verbal n. of בחר ᴵ.]

 

בְּחִישָׁה f.n. NH stirring, mixing. [Verbal n. of בחש. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בחל ᴵ to abhor, loathe (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 11:8).

    — Qal - בָּחַל he abhorred, loathed.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽחִיל he filled with loathing. [Of uncertain origin. cp. Arab. balaḥa (= destitution).] Derivatives: בְּחִילָה, מַבְחִיל ᴵ.

 

בחל ᴵᴵ to ripen.

    — Qal - בָּחַל it ripened, reached the first stage of ripening, ripened early.

    — Pi. - בִּחֵל (of s.m.).

    — Hiph. - הִבְחִיל (of s.m.).

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽחַל was ripened. [cp. Arab. balaḥ (= dates at their second stage of ripening).] Derivative: הַבֽחָלָה.

 

בֹּֽחַל m.n. PBH 1 a ripening fig. 2 puberty (of a woman). [From בחל ᴵᴵ.]

 

בחן to examine, to test.

    — Qal - בָּחַן he examined, tried, probed.

    — Niph. - נִבְחַן was examined, was tested, was tried.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽחִין he distinguished, differentiated.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽחַן was distinguished, was differentiated. [Aram. בְּחַן, Syr. בּֽחַן (= to test, try), Arab. máḥana (= to probe, to examine a student).] Derivatives: בּוֹחֵן, בָּחוֹן, בָּחוּן, בַּחוּן, בְּחִינָה, בַּחַן, בֹּחַן, בֶּחָן, אַבְחָנָה, הַבְחָנָה, מַבְחֵן.

 

בַּֽחַן m.n. watchtower (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 32:14). [Either a loan word from Egypt. bḥn (= castle, town), with later semantic influence of the verb בחן, or an ancient derivative from Sem. בחן (= to examine, to test).]

 

בֹּֽחַן m.n. examination, trial, test (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 21:18). [Derived from בחן.]

 

בֶּחָן m.n. NH examiner, assayer, auditor. [From בחן. Nomina opificum are regularly formed after the pattern פַּעָל; if the second radical is a ה or ח, פַּעָל becomes פֶּעָל. cp. גֶּהָץ, זֶהָב.]

 

בחר ᴵ to choose, select.

    — Qal - בָּחַר he chose, selected, elected.

    — Niph. - נִבְחַר was chosen, was selected. [JAram., Akka. bēru (= to choose). cp. Bedouin báḥara (= he looked around). Related to בחן.] Derivatives: בּוֹחֵר, בָּחוּר ᴵ, בָּחִיר, בּֽחִירָה, בַּחֲרָן, מִבְחוֹר, מִבֽחָר, מֻבֽחָר, הִבָּחֲרוּת, נִבְחָר.

 

בחר ᴵᴵ to be young. [Base of בָּחוּר ᴵᴵ, בַּחוּרָה, בְּחוּרוֹת, בַּחֲרוּת. Related to Akka. baḥūlāti (= warriors).]

 

בַּחֲרוּת f.n. PBH youth. [Formed from בחר ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּחֲרָן adj. NH fastidious, finical. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from בחר and agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: בַּחֲרָנוּת.

 

בַּחֲרָנוּת f.n. NH fastidiousness, finicality. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah from בַּחֲרָן (q.v.) and suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בחש to stir; to agitate.

    — Qal - בָּחַשׁ he stirred, mixed.

    — Niph. - נִבֽחַשׁ was stirred, was mixed.

    — Pi. - בִּחֵשׁ he stirred, mixed.

    — Pu. - בֻּחַשׁ was stirred, was mixed.

    — Nith. - נִתֽבַּחֵשׁ (of s.m.). [Related to Aram.–Syr. בּֽחַשׁ (= he stirred, agitated), and prob. also to Arab. baḥatha (= he searched, examined), Akka. be’ashu, be’eshu, baḥashu (= to stir), Mand. בחש (= to look for, examine).] Derivatives: בָּחוּשׁ, בְּחִישָׁה, בַּחֲשָׁה, בַּחֲשָׁן, יַבְחוּשׁ, מַבְחֵשׁ.

 

בַּחֲשַׁאי adv. PBH secretly. [Formed from חַשַׁאי (= secrecy) with pref. בְּ◌ (= in).]

 

בַּחֲשָׁה f.n. PBH ladle. [A loan word from Aram. בַּחֲשָׁא, from בְּחַשׁ (= he stirred, mixed). See בחש and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בטא to utter, to express.

    — Qal - בָּטָא he uttered, spoke rashly.

    — Niph. - נִבְטָא was uttered, was expressed.

    — Pi. - בִּטֵּא NH 1 he spoke rashly; MH 2 he uttered, articulated, expressed, pronounced.

    — Pu. - בֻּטַּא was articulated, was uttered, was pronounced, was expressed.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּטֵּא 1 he expressed himself; NH 2 it was articulated, pronounced, expressed. [Base of בִּטּוּא, בִּטּוּי, בִּטָּאוֹן and מִבֽטָא. It has no equivalents in the other Sem. languages. cp. בטה.] Derivatives: בִּטּוּא, מֽבֻטָּא, הַבֽטָאָה, הִתְבַּטְּאוּת.

 

בִּטָּאוֹן m.n. NH organ, journal, newspaper. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from בִּטֵּא (= he pronounced) and suff. ◌וֹן, prob. on the analogy of עִתּוֹן (= journal), which was coined by his father Eliezer ben Yehudah.]

 

בִּטְבּוּט m.n. NH swelling. [Verbal n. of בִּטֽבֵּט; see בטבט.]

 

בטבט to swell, to protrude.

    — Pi. - בִּטְבֵּט it swelled, protruded.

    — Nith. - נִתֽבַּטְבֵּט became swollen. [Of uncertain origin, possibly imitative. cp. בצבץ.] Derivatives: בִּטְבּוּט, הִתְבַּטְבּֽטוּת

 

בטה to speak rashly, to utter, to articulate, to pronounce, to express.

    — Qal - בָּטָה he spoke rashly, he uttered, articulated, pronounced, expressed. [A collateral form of בטא. cp. Ugar. bṭw, Akka. beṭw (= to cheat).] Derivatives: בּוֹטֶה, הַבְטָיָה.

 

בִּטּוּא m.n. MH 1 utterance, pronunciation. NH 2 expression, phrase, idiom. [Verbal n. of בִּטֵּא, Pi. of בטא. A collateral form of בִּטּוּי.]

 

בָּטֽוּחַ adj. trustful, safe, confident. [Pass. part. of בָּטַח (= he trusted). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. אָבוּד, דָּאוּג, דָּגוּי, דָּמוּי, דָּמוּם ᴵ, דָּמוּם ᴵᴵ, זָרוּחַ, סָרוּחַ ᴵ, סָרוּחַ ᴵᴵ, רָעוּד, רָפוּי ᴵ, רָפוּף, רָשׁוּף, רָתוּת, שָׂמוּחַ, שָׁכוּב, שָׁכוּן, שָׁקוּעַ, שָׁתוּק, תָּאוּם, תָּהוּי, תָּמוּהַּ, תָּשׁוּשׁ.

 

בִּטּֽוּחַ m.n. NH insurance. [Verbal n. of בִּטַּח, Pi. of בָּטַח (= he trusted); see בטח.]

 

בַּטּוּחָה f.n. NH safety, security. [From בטח. For the ending see suff. ◌ָה. Back formation based on a modern reinterpretation of the Biblical בַּטּוּחוֹת (adv.), ‘safely, certainly’, as a pl. form of a noun. See בַּטּוּחוֹת.]

 

בַּטּוּחוּת adv. (in NH בּֽטוּחוֹת) safely, certainly (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 12:6). [Derived from בָּטוּחַ (q.v.).]

 

בִּטּוּי m.n. PBH 1 utterance, pronunciation. NH 2 expression, phrase, idiom. [Verbal n. of בטה. cp. בִּטּוּא.]

 

בִּטּוּל m.n. PBH cessation, stoppage, abolition, abolishment, revocation. [Verbal n. of בִּטֵּל (= he abolished), Pi. of בטל (q.v.).]

 

בִּטּוּן ᴵ m.n. NH lining. [Verbal n. of בִּטֵּן, Pi. of בטן ᴵᴵ (q.v.).]

 

בִּטּוּן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH placing concrete, concreting. [Verbal n. denominated from בֶּטוֹן (q.v.).]

 

בֶּטוֹן m.n. FW concrete. [Fren. bēton, from L. bitumen. See בִּיטוּמֶן.] Derivative: בֶּטוֹנַאי.

 

בֶּטּוֹנַאי m.n. FW concrete mixer. [From בֶּטוֹן with agential suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

בִּטּוּשׁ m.n. NH kicking, knocking. [Verbal n. of בִּטֵּשׁ, Pi. of בטשׁ.]

 

בטח to trust, rely, depend upon; to be at ease.

    — Qal - בָּטַח 1 he trusted, relied, depended upon; 2 he was at ease.

    — Pi. - בִּטַּח he insured.

    — Pu. - בֻּטַּח was insured.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽטִיחַ he assured, promised.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְטַח was assured. [Old Canaanite ba-ṭi-i-ṭi, JAram. בְּטַח, Arab. baṭaḥa (= to be tight, firm).] Derivatives: בִּטּוּחַ, בַּטוּחַ, בַּטּוּחָה, בַּטּוּחוֹת, בֶּטַח, בִּטֽחָה, בִּטָּחוֹן, בָּטִיחוּת, הַבְטָחָה, מִבֽטָח, מַבֽטֵחַ, מְבַטֵּחַ, מְבֻטָּח.

 

בֶּֽטַח ᴵ m.n. safety, security, tranquility. [From. בטח. cp. לָבֶטַח.]

 

בֶּֽטַח ᴵᴵ adv. in safely, securely, certainly. [From בטח (q.v.).]

 

בִּטְחָה f.n. safety, security, confidence (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 30:15). [From בטח with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בִּטָּחוֹן m.n. (pl. בִּטְחוֹנוֹת) security, confidence, trust. [From בטח (q.v.) with suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivative: בִּטְחוֹנִי.

 

בִּטְחוֹנִי adj. NH security (adj.). [Formed from בִּטָּחוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בָּטָטָה f.n. FW sweet potato, batata. [Sp. batata, a variation of patata (= sweet potato).]

 

בְּטִיחוּת f.n. NH 1 safety. 2 security. [Formed from בָּטוּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.] Derivative: בְּטִיחוּתִי.

 

בְּטִיחוּתִי adj. NH pertaining to security. [Formed from בּֽטִיחוּת with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בָּטִיל adj. NH idle, unemployed. [Derived from בָּטֵל (v.); see בטל. cp. בָּטֵל (adj.).]

 

בְּטִילָה f.n. PBH idleness, destruction. [Verbal n. of בָּטֵל (= he was idle); see בטל. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בַּטִּישׁ m.n. NH tamper (tool). [Derived from בָּטַשׁ; see בטשׁ.]

 

בְּטִישָׁה, בְּטָשָׁה f.n. MH 1 treading, tamping. NH 2 beating (of clothes etc.). [Verbal n. of בָּטַשׁ. See בטש and suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בטל to cease.

    — Qal - בָּטֵל he ceased, was idle (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 12:3).

    — Niph. - נִבְטַל was idle; desisted (from).

    — Pi. - בִּטֵּל he abolished, suspended, revoked; he repealed, abrogated (a law or a decree).

    — Pu. - בֻּטַּל was abolished, was suspended, was revoked; was repealed, abrogated.

    — Hith. - הִתֽבַּטֵּל Nith. נִתֽבַּטֵּל PBH was abolished, was suspended, was revoked; was repealed, was abrogated; was idle.

    — Hiph. - הִבְטִיל PBH 1 he suspended, interrupted; NH 2 he was deprived of work, caused unemployment.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְטַל was deprived of work, was locked out, was made unemployed. [Related to Aram. and BAram. בְּטֵל, Arab. baṭala, Ethiop. baṭála (= he was vain, was futile), Akka. baṭalu (= to cease).] Derivatives: בִּטּוּל, בָּטִיל, בּֽטִילָה, בָּטֵל (adj.), בֵּטָּל, בַּטָּלָה, בַּטֽלָן, הַבְטָלָה, הִתֽבַּטּֽלוּת, מְבֻטָּל ᴵᴵ, מֻבְטָל ᴵ.

 

בָּטֵל adj. PBH 1 idle, unemployed. 2 null, void. [From בטל.]

 

בַּטָּל m.n. PBH something that causes neglect. [From בטל.]

 

בַּטָּלָה f.n. PBH 1 idleness. 2 naught, vanity. [Formed from בטל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בָּטַלְיוֹן m.n. FW battalion. [Fren. batallion, from It. battaglione, from battaglia (= battle), from L. battuāllia, battalia (= fighting and fencing exercises of soldiers and gladiators), from battuere, battere (= to strike, beat). cp. בַּטֶּרֽיָה.]

 

בַּטְלָן m.n. PBH 1 idler, loafer. PBH 2 ‘batlan’ — a poor man sitting all day in the synagogue and living on charity. NH 3 an impractical person. [Formed from בטל with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: בַּטְלָנוּת, בַּטְלָנִי.

 

בַּטְלָנוּת f.n. MH 1 idleness. NH 2 impracticability. [Formed from בַּטְלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּטְלָנִי adj. NH 1 idle. 2 impractical. [Formed from בַּטְלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בטן ᴵ to make pregnant, impregnate.

    — Hiph. - הִבְטִין he made pregnant, impregnated.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְטְנָה she was made pregnant, was impregnated. [Denominated from בֶּטֶן. cp. Arab. baṭunat (= was pregnant), from baṭn (= belly).]

 

בטן ᴵᴵ to cover with lining, to line.

    — Pi. - בִּטֵּן he covered with lining, lined.

    — Pu. - בֻּטַּן was covered with lining, was lined. [Denominated from בִּטְנָה (= lining).] Derivatives: בִּטּוּן ᴵ, מְבֻטָּן ᴵᴵ.

 

בטן ᴵᴵᴵ to place concrete.

    — Pi. - בִּטֵּן he placed concrete, concreted.

    — Pu. - בֻּטַּן was treated with concrete. [Denominated from בֶּטוֹן (= concrete).] Derivative: בִּטּוּן ᴵᴵ.

 

בֶּֽטֶן m.n. 1 belly, abdomen. 2 bowels. 3 womb. [Related to Aram. בִּטְנָא (= belly, womb, interior), Arab. baṭn, TA baṭnu (of s.m.).] Derivatives: בטן ᴵ, בַּטְנוּן.

 

בִּטְנָה f.n. NH lining. [Formed from בֶּטֶן with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Arab. bāṭin (= lining), from baṭn (= belly).] Derivative: בטן ᴵᴵ.

 

בָּטְנֶה, בָּטְנִים m.n. pistachio — the fruit of the Pistacia vera (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 43:11). [Related to Akka. buṭnu, buṭnatu, buṭuttu, Aram. בּוּטְמָא, Syr. בֶּטְמְתָא. Aram. buṭm in an Aram. loan word. cp. בָּטְנָה.]

 

בָּטְנָה f.n. PBH Pistacia vera (kind of a terebinth). [See בָּטְנֶה.]

 

בַּטְנוּן m.n. PBH 1 one of the ancient musical instruments. NH 2 double bass. [Formed from בֶּסֶן with suff. ◌וּן.] Derivatives: בַּטְנוּנַאי, בַּטֽנוּנִית.

 

בַּטְנוּנַאי m.n. NH double bass player. [Formed from בַּטֽנוּן with agential suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

בַּטְנוּנִית f.n. NH violoncello. [Formed from בַּטֽנוּן (= double bass), with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בַּטֶּרְיָה f.n. FW battery. [Fren. batterie, from battre (= to beat), from L. battuere, battere (= to beat). cp. בָּטַלֽיוֹן.]

 

בטשׁ to tamp, to stamp, to beat.

    — Qal - בָּטַשׁ MH 1 he stamped, beat; NH 2 he kicked, pushed.

    — Pi. - בִּטֵּשׁ he tamped.

    — Pu. - בֻּטַּשׁ was tamped. [Borrowed from Aram. בְּטַשׁ (= to tamp, to stamp with the feet), which, together with Arab. batasha (= he knocked out, hit, struck) is prob. of imitative origin.] Derivatives: בַּטִּישׁ, בּֽטִישָׁה, בְּטָשָׁה, מַבֽטֵשׁ, מַבֽטֵשָׁה.

 

בְּטָשָׁה f.n. MH treading, beating. [Verbal n. of בָּטַשׁ; see בטש and cp. בְּטִישָׁה.]

 

בֵּי m.n. house, home (occurring in numerous phrases quoted from Talmud or Midrash, as in בֵּי־כּֽנִשֽׁתָּא, ‘synagogue’; בֵּי־מַסּוּתָא, ‘bath’; בֵּי־רַב, ‘school’; בֵּי־שֻׁתָּפֵי, ‘partnership). Aram., c. st. of בֵּיתָא (= house). See בַּיִת.]

 

בִּי ᴵ pron. in me. [Inflected personal pron. Formed from בּֽ◌ with suff. ◌ִי. cp. בִּי ᴵᴵ.]

 

בִּי ᴵᴵ adv. please! pray! [Of uncertain origin. It is possibly a contraction of בְּעִי (= request), from base בָּעָה (= he asked), hence properly meaning ‘request, petition’. For the contraction of בְּעִי into בִּי cp. בֵּל, name of the Babylonian god Marduk, for בְּעֵל (see בֵּל and בַּעַל); Aram. שׁוּתָא (= talk), for שׁוּעֲתָא (see שׁוּתָא); טוּנָא (= loan, burden), for טוּעֲנָא (see טען). Others explain בִּי in the above sense as an elliptical phrase for בִּי הֶעָוֹן (= upon me be the iniquity; it is my fault), and בִּי־אֲנִי אֲדֹנִי הֶעָוֹן (= upon me, my lord, upon me be the iniquity).]

 

בִּי◌ pref. FW bi–. [L. bi– (= twice, double), which is cogn. with Old I. dvi–, Gk. di–, Old Eng. twi– (= twice, double). See דִּי◌ ᴵ and cp. דִּיס◌. cp. also the second element in קוֹמְבַּיֽן.]

 

בִּיאָה f.n. MH 1 coming. PBH 2 entrance. NH 3 corridor. PBH 4 sexual intercourse. [From בוא (= to come). cp. קִימָה (= standing up), from קוּם (= to stand up). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בִּיב m.n. PBH pipe, gutter, sewer. [Formed from נָבַב (= was hollow).] Derivatives: ביב, בַּיָּב.

 

ביב to make sewers; to canalize.

    — Pi. - בִּיֵּב he made sewers; he drained, canalized.

    — Pu. - בֻּיַּב was drained, was canalized. [Denominated from בִּיב.] Derivative: בִּיּוּב.

 

בַּיָּב m.n. NH sewerage worker. [Formed from בִּיב after the pattern פַּעָל, which serves to form nomina opificum.]

 

בִּיבְּלִי adj. FW Biblical. [Back formation from בִּיבּֽלִיָּה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּיבְּלִיָּה f.n. FW The Bible. [L. biblia, from Gk. biblia (= collection of writings), pl. of biblion (= paper, scroll, book), which is the dimin. of biblos, byblos (= the inner bark of papyrus; book), from Byblos, Gr. name of the famous Phoen. transit port, whence the Greeks received the Egypt, papyrus. Gk. Byblos has been assimilated from גְבָל, the Heb.–Phoen. name of the city (= lit.: ‘frontier-town’). cp. Heb. גְּבוּל (= frontier, boundary), Arab. jabal (= mountain). cp. jubayl, the actual Arab. name of ancient Gebhal ( jubayl properly is a dimin. formed from the original name of the city). For the sense development of Bible from Byblos cp. ‘parchment’ (from Pergamon) in my CEDEL.]

 

בִּיבְּלִיּוֹגְרָף m.n. FW bibliographer. [Gk. bibliographos (= writer of books, transcriber, copyist), compounded of biblion (= little book), dimin. of biblos (= book;), and graphos (see ◌גֽרָף).]

 

בִּיבְּלִיּוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW bibliographic. [Back formation from בִּיבּֽלִיּוֹגְרַפְיָה (q.v.). For the ending see adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּיבְּלִיּוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW bibliography. [Gk. bibliographia (= writing of books), compounded of biblion and graphia; see בִּיבְּלִיּוֹגֽרָף and ◌גְרַפְיָה.]

 

בִּיבְּלִיּוֹפִיל m.n. FW bibliophil(e). [Fren. bibliophile (= lover of books), compounded of Gk. biblion (= book; see בִּיבְּלִיָּה), and philos (= friend), which is of uncertain origin.]

 

בֵּיבָר m.n. PBH zoological garden. [Gk. bibarion, identical with L. vīvārīum (= a place where living animals are kept), properly, neuter of the adj. vivarius (= pertaining to living creatures), used as a noun, from vīvere (= to live).]

 

בִּיבָר m.n. PBH beaver. [Perhaps from L. fiber (= beaver), which derives from IE base bhe-bhru-s (= very brown). See ‘beaver’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בִּיגַמְיָה f.n. FW bigamy. [Fren. bigamie, from Ecclesiastic L. bigamia, a hybrid coined from L. bi– (= twice), and Gk. gamos (= wedding, marriage), from IE base *gem(e)– (= to marry). cp. the second element in מוֹנוֹגַמְיָה and פּוֹלִיגַמְיָה.]

 

בִּיהֶבְיוֹרִיזְם m.n. behaviorism (psychology). [Eng. behaviorism, coined by the American psychologist J.B. Watson (1878–1958) from behavior and suff. – ism.]

 

בִּיּוֹ◌ FW bio–. [Combining form meaning ‘life’. From Gk. bio-, from bios (= life), from IE *giwos.]

 

בִּיּוּב m.n. sewerage, canalization. [Verbal n. of בִּיֵּב. See ביב.]

 

בִּיּוֹגֶנֶטִי adj. FW biogenetic(al). [Eng. biogenetic, back formation from biogenesis, which was coined by the English biologist T.H. Huxley in 1870 from Gk. bios (= life) and genesis (= origin, source).]

 

בִּיּוֹגְרָף m.n. FW biographer. [Compounded of Gk. bios (= life) and – graphos, from graphein (= to write). See בִּיּוֹ◌ and ◌גְרָף.]

 

בִּיּוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW biographic(al). [Back formation from בִּיּוֹגְרַפְיָה. For the ending see adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּיּוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW biography. [Late Gk. biographia (= description of life), from Gk. bios (= life) and – graphia, from graphein (= to write). See בִּיּוֹגֽרָף and ◌יָה.]

 

בִּיּוּל m.n. NH affixing of stamps. [Verbal n. of בִּיֵּל. See ביל.]

 

בִּיּוֹלוֹג m.n. FW biologist. [Back formation from בִּיּוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

 

בִּיּוֹלוֹגִי adj. biologic(al). [Back formation from בִּיּוֹלוֹגְיָה. For the ending see adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּיּוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW biology. [Ger. Biologie (= lit.: ‘the study of life’), suggested by the German naturalist G.R. Treviranus as a modern coinage from Gk. bios (= life) and – logia. See בִּיּוֹ◌ and ◌לוֹגְיָה.]

 

בִּיּוּם m.n. NH staging, theatrical presentation. [Coined by Itshak Avineri from בָּמָה (= high place), to which it stands as קִיּוּם (= confirmation) stands to קָמָה (= standing corn). cp. בים.]

 

בִּיּוּן ᴵ m.n. NH interpolation. [Verbal n. of בִּיֵּן, Pi. of בין ᴵᴵ.]

 

בִּיּוּן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH intelligence service. [Formed from בִּינָה (= understanding, intelligence), as a loan translation of Eng. intelligence in the above sense.]

 

בִּיּוּץ m.n. NH 1 addition of an egg or eggs (to soup, etc.). 2 ovulation (biology). [Verbal n. of בִּיֵּץ, Pi. of ביץ.]

 

בְּיוּרוֹקְרָט m.n. FW bureaucrat. [Fren. bureaucrate, back formation from bureaucratie. See בּֽיוּרוֹקְרַטְיָה.]

 

בְּיוּרוֹקְרַטְיָה f.n. FW bureaucracy. [Fren. bureaucratie, a hybrid coined by the French economist Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay (1712–59) from bureau (= desk, writing table, office), and Gk. – kratia (= rule of), from kratos (= strength, power, rule).]

 

בְּיוּרוֹקְרָטִיּוּת f.n. FW bureaucratism. [Formed from בְּיוּרוֹקֽרָטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּיּוּשׁ m.n. MH putting to shame. [Verbal n. of בִּיֵּשׁ (= to put to shame), Pi. of בושׁ ᴵᴵ.]

 

בִּיּוּת m.n. NH domestication, taming. [Verbal n. of בִּיֵּת, Pi. of בית.]

 

בְּיוֹתֵר adv. PBH most, in particular. [Formed from יוֹתֵר (= more, most), with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בִּיזוֹן m.n. FW bison. [L. bison, from Old High Ger. wisunt, which is cogn. with L. vissiō (= stench). The bison is named after the peculiar odor of musk emitted by it during the rutting season.]

 

בִּיזַנְטִינִי adj. FW Byzantine. [L. Bȳzantīnus, from Bȳzantium, name of the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. cp. ‘Byzantine’ in my CEDEL. For the ending see adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בְּיִחוּד adv. PBH especially. [Formed from יִחוּד (= setting aside, distinction), with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בִּיטוּמֶן m.n. FW bitumen. [L. bitūmen (= mineral pitch), an Osco-Umbrian loan word (the genuine Latin form would have been *vetūmen, from *gwetūmen, of Celtic origin. cp. בֶּטוֹן.]

 

בִּיטְנִיק m.n. FW beatnik. [Eng. beatnik, a hybrid coined from the adj. beat (= exhausted) and – nik, a suff. of Yiddish, ultimately Slavic origin. The adj. beat derives from Middle Eng. bete, properly short form of beten, p. part. of beten (= to beat), from Old Eng. bēatan, from IE base *bhat– (= to beat, strike).]

 

ביל to stamp.

    — Pi. - בִּיֵּל he affixed stamp(s) to, he stamped.

    — Pu. - בֻּיֵּל was stamped. [Denominated from בּוּל ᴵᴵᴵ (= stamp).] Derivative: בִּיּוּל.

 

בִּילְהַרְצְיָה f.n. FW Bilharzia (a genus of worms parasitic in the blood). [Modern L. Bilharzia, named at the suggestion of the English biologist T.S. Cobbold after the German physician Theodor Bilharz, discoverer of this parasite.]

 

בִּילְיַארְד m.n. FW billiards. [Fren. billard, first denoting ‘a bent stick’, then ‘a stick to push balls’ (whence its modern sense), from bille (= log). See ‘billet’ (= stick, log) in my CEDEL.]

 

בִּילְיוֹן m.n. FW billion. [Fren. billion, a hybrid formed on analogy of million (= million), from L. pref. bi–, from bis (= twice). See ‘billion’ in my CEDEL and cp. מִילְיוֹן and words there referred to.]

 

בַּיָּם m.n. NH stage manager. [Coined from בִּיֵּם (= he staged), after the pattern פַּצָל, which serves to form nomina opificum.]

 

בים to stage. (Coined by Yitshak Avineri from בָּמָה (= stage), to which it stands as קִיֵּם (= he fulfilled, confirmed) stands to קָמָה (= standing corn). cp. בִּיּוּם, בַּיָּם and בִּמּוּי.]

 

בִּימַאי m.n. NH stage manager. [Formed from בִּימָה (= stage), with subst. suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

בִּימָה f.n. PBH platform, pulpit, stage. [A loan word from Gk. bema (= pace, step, platform, stage), which derives from the stem of bainein (= to go), whence also basis (= a stepping, pedestal). See בָּסִיס and cp. בִּימָר.] Derivatives: בִּימַאי, בִּימֹנֶת, בִּימָתִי.

 

בִּימֹֽנֶת f.n. NH a small stage. [Dimin. of בִּימָה (= stage).]

 

בִּימָר m.n. NH stage technician. [Coined from בִּימָה (= stage), on the analogy of agent nouns ending in ◌ָר.]

 

בִּימָתִי adj. NH of the stage, theatrical. [Formed from בִּימָה (= stage), with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בִּימָתִיּוּת.

 

בִּימָתִיּוּת f.n. NH theatricality. [Formed from בִּימָתִי with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בין ᴵ to separate, to divide; to distinguish, to understand.

    — Qal. - בָּן he understood, perceived.

    — Niph. - נָבוֹן he became wise.

    — Pol. - בּוֹנֵן 1 he considered attentively, observed; PBH 2 he reflected, pondered.

    — Hith. - הִתֽבּוֹנֵן (of s.m.).

    — Hiph. - הֵבִין 1 he understood; 2 he gave to understand, explained, instructed.

    — Hoph. - הוּבַן 1 was understood; 2 was given to understand, was explained. [Related to Arab. bā́na (= he was separated, was distinct, was clear, was evident), Ethiop. bayyána (= he perceived), Aram.–Syr. בַּיֵּן (= he made to understand), Ugar. bn (= to understand), Sab. בין (= to wise).] Derivatives: בֵּין, בִּינָה, הֲבָנָה, הִתְבּוֹנְנוּת, מֵבִין, מוּבָן, מִתְבּוֹנֵן, תְּבוּנָה ᴵ.

 

בין ᴵᴵ to interpolate.

    — Pi. - בִּיֵּן he interpolated. [Coined from בֵּין (= between).]

 

בֵּין prep. between, among, during. [Orig. c. st. of the n. בַּיִן (= interval). Related to Aram. בֵּין, Syr. בַּיֽנַי, בַּיֽנָת, Arab. bayna (= between), Ugar. bn and bnt, Ethiop. bayna (= because of), Akka. ina bīri, ina bīrīt (= between), OSArab. בין.] Derivatives: בֵּין◌, בין ᴵᴵ, בֵּינָה, בֵּינוֹת, בֵּינוֹנִי, בֵּינַיִם, בֵּינְתַיִם. cp. first element in בנאם.

 

בֵּין◌ NH combining form meaning ‘inter–’ (as in בֵּין־יַבַּשְׁתִּי, ‘intercontinental’; בֵּין־לְאֻמִּי, ‘international’; בֵּין־עִירוֹנִי, ‘interurban’). [From the prep. בֵּין.]

 

בִּינָה f.n. understanding, comprehension, intelligence. [From בין ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בֵּינָה f.n. NH space, interstice (music). [Formed from בֵּין (= between), with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בִּינוֹם m.n. FW binomial (mathematics). [Med. L. bīnōmus, coined from L. bi– (= twice), and Med. L. nōminus, from the stem nōmen (= name). See נוֹמִינָלִי and cp. words there referred to.]

 

בֵּינוֹנִי adj. PBH 1 middle. 2 intermediate. MH 3 participle. [From בֵּין (= between). For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בֵּינוֹנִיּוּת.

 

בֵּינוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH mediocrity. [Formed from בֵּינוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בֵּינוֹת prep. between, among. [See בֵּין.]

 

בֵּינַֽיִם m.n. middle, intermediate, interim. [Dual of בֵּין.] Derivative: בֵּינַֽיְמִי.

 

בֵּינַֽיְמִי adj. NH medieval, intermediate. [Formed from בֵּינַֽיִם with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּינִית f.n. barbel (fish). [Aram. בִּינִיתָא; of uncertain origin.]

 

בֵּינְלְאֻמִּי adj. NH international. [Formed from בֵּין◌ (= inter–) and לְאֻמִּי (= national).]

 

בֵּינְעִירוֹנִי adj. NH interurban. [Formed from בֵּין◌ (= inter–), and עִירוֹנִי (= urban).]

 

בֵּינְתַֽיִם adv. PBH in the meantime, meanwhile. [From בֵּין (= between).]

 

בִּיס interj. FW again! encore! [L. bis (= twice). See ‘bi–’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בִּיסְמוּת m.n. FW bismuth. [Ger. Bismuth (now spelled Wismut), Latinized by Georgius Agricola (in 1530) into bisemutum. The origin of the word is uncertain.]

 

בִּיסְקְוִיט m.n. FW biscuit. [Fren. biscuit, from L. bis coctus (= twice cooked), from bis (= twice; see בִּיס), and coctus, p. part. of coquere (= to cook).]

 

ביץ to egg; to ovulate.

    — Pi. - בִּיֵּץ NH 1 he added eggs to, egged; NH 2 it ovulated.

    — Pu. - בֻּיַּץ NH 1 was egged; NH 2 was ovulated. [Denominated from בֵּיצָה.]

 

בֵּיצָה egg (pl. בֵּיצִים). [Related to Aram. בֵּיצָא, בֵּיעֲתָא, Arab. bayḍa. These words prob. derive from a base בוץ (= to be white). cp. Akka. paṣu, piṣu, Arab. abyadu (= white). See בּוּץ.] Derivatives: ביץ, בֵּיצִי, בֵּיצִיָּה, בֵּיצִית.

 

בֵּיצִי adj. MH egg-shaped, egglike, oval. [Formed from בֵּיצָה (= egg), with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בֵּיצִיָּה f.n. NH fried egg(s). [Formed from בֵּיצָה (= egg), with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

בֵּיצִית f.n. NH ovule. [Formed from בֵּיצָה (= egg) with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בַּֽיִר f.n. PBH (pl. בֵּירוֹת) cistern, pit (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 6:7). [Related to בְּאֵר (= well, pit), and to בּוֹר (= cistern, pit). cp. בַּיָּר.]

 

בַּיָּר m.n. PBH cistern digger. [Formed from בַּיִר after the form פַּעָל, which serves to form nomina opificum.]

 

בֵּירָא m. & f.n. PBH cistern, pit; well. [Related to Heb. בּֽאֵר (= well; pit). See באר ᴵ.]

 

בִּירָה ᴵ f.n. 1 castle, palace. 2 the Temple in Jerusalem. NH 3 capital city. [Prob. a loan word from Akka. bīrtu (= citadel, fortified town). cp. בִּירָנִית.]

 

בִּירָה ᴵᴵ f.n. FW beer. [Ger. or Eng. beer, from Ecclesiastic L. biber (= drink, beverage), from L. bibere (= to drink). See ‘beverage’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בִּירִית f.n. PBH garter. [Akka. biritu (= chain).]

 

בִּירָנִית f.n. castle, palace. [In the Bible the word occurs only in the pl. בִּירָנִיּוֹת, hence is in reality the pl. of בִּירָה (= castle). The pl. בִּירָנִיּוֹת prob. derives from Akka. bīrānātu, pl. of bīrtu (= citadel, fortified town). The singular בִּירָנִית which does not occur in the Bible is a back formation from בִּירָנִיּוֹת.]

 

בִּישׁ adj. PBH (pl. בִּישִׁין) bad. [Aram., related to בְּאֵשׁ (= to be evil). See באשׁ.]

 

בִּישְׁגַּד adj. NH unfortunate, unlucky. [From Aram. בִּישֽׁגַּדָּא. Compounded of בִּישׁ (= bad) and גָּד (= luck).]

 

בִּישׁוֹף m.n. FW bishop. [Ger. Bischof, from L. episcopus (= overseer, superintendant), in Ecclesiastic L. bishop, from Gk. episkopos (= overseer). from epi (= on, over), and skopos (= watcher). See ‘epi–’ and ‘–scope’ in my CEDEL. cp. אַרְכִיבִּישׁוֹף.]

 

בִּישׁוּת f.n. NH badness, evil. [Formed from בִּישׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּיְּשָׁן adj. PBH shame-faced, ashamed, bashful, shy. [Formed from בושׁ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: בַּיְשָׁנוּת, בַּיְשָׁנִי.

 

בַּיְּשָׁנוּת f.n. MH bashfulness, shyness. [Formed from בַּיּֽשָׁן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּיְּשָׁנִי adj. NH shame-faced, ashamed, bashful, shy. [Formed from בַּיְּשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בֵּישָׁנִי adj. PBH of Beth Shean. [Formed from the abbreviation of בֵּית שֽׁאָן (= Beth Shean), with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּֽיִת m.n. (pl. בָּתִּים) 1 house, home, family. 2 school. MH 3 stanza (of a poem). [Related to Akka. bītu, Ugar. bt, Phoen. בת, Aram. בֵּיתָא, Aram.–Syr. בָּת, Arab. bayt.] Derivatives: בֵּית, בית, בַּיָּת, בֵּיתִי, בֵּיתָנִי.

 

בֵּית m.n. PBH (pl. בֵּיתִין) ‘beth’, name of the second letter of the Hebrew alphabet. [Lit.: ‘house’ see בַּיִת); so called in allusion to the ancient Hebrew form of this letter, representing a house. cp. the second element in אָלֶף־בֵּית. cp. also בֵּיתָא.]

 

בית to domesticate.

    — Pi. - בִּיֵּת he domesticated, tamed.

    — Pu. - בֻּיַּת was domesticated, was tamed. [Denominated from בַּיִת.] Derivatives: בִּיּוּת, בַּיָּת, מְבֻיָת.

 

בַּיָּת adj. PBH domestic (said of an animal). [From בַּיִת.]

 

בֵּיתָא f.n. PBH (pl. בֵּיתִין) beta, name of the second letter of the Greek alphabet. [Aram., from Gk. Beta, Heb.–Phoen. בַּיִת (= house). The final a was added because a Greek word cannot end with a t.]

 

בַּיְתּוֹסִי m.n. PBH Boethusian, member of a Jewish sect related to the Sadducees. [Lit.: follower of בַּיֽתּוֹס (= Boethus), from Gk. boethos, name of a priest whose son was made high priest by Herod the Great.]

 

בֵּיתִי adj. PBH domestic. [Formed from בַּיִת with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בֵּיתִיּוּת f.n. NH domesticity, homeliness. [Formed from בֵּיתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּיתָן m.n. 1 palace. NH 2 pavilion. NH 3 kiosk. [Prob. from Akka. bitānu.]

 

בֵּיְתָנִי adj. NH staying at home, home-loving. [Formed from בַּיִת (= house), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

בְּךּ (in pause בָּךְ) pron. in thee, in you (m.). [Inflected personal pron., formed from בּֽ◌ with suff. ◌ךָ.]

 

בָּךְ pron. in thee, in you (f.). [Inflected personal pron., formed from בּֽ◌ with suff. ◌ךֽ.]

 

בָּכָא m.n. a species of balsam tree mentioned in the Bible. [Of uncertain origin; possibly related to Arab. baka’a (= it dripped), and so called from the dripping of the resin. See בכה.]

 

בִּכְדִי adv. PBH in vain. [Aram., prob. shortened from כְּדִיב (= lying), from כְּדַב (= to lie), which is related to Heb. כָּזַב (= he lied). Hence בִּכֽדִי lit. means ‘in a mendacious way’. For the pref. see בְּ◌.]

 

בִּכְדֵי שֶׁ◌ conj. PBH in order that. [See כְּדֵי.]

 

בכה to weep.

    — Qal - בָּכָה he wept, cried.

    — Pi. - בִּכָּה 1 he bewailed, lamented; PBH 2 he caused to weep.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽכָּה he caused to weep. [Aram.–Syr. בְּכָא, Arab. bákā, Ethiop. bakáya (= he wept), Ugar. bky, Akka. bakū (= to weep). cp. Arab. baka’a (= it dripped, dropped).] Derivatives: בֶּכֶה, בָּכוּי, בִּכּוּי, בָּכוּת, בֶּכִי, בִּכֽיָה, בְּכִיָּה, בַּכֽיָן, בְּכִית, הַבְכָּיָה. cp. בָּכָא.

 

בֶּֽכֶה m.n. weeping (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ez. 10:1). [From בכה.]

 

בָּכוּי adj. NH tearful. [Pass. part. of בָּכָה. See בכה.]

 

בִּכּוּי m.n. NH bewailing, lamenting. [Verbal n. of בִּכָּה, Pi. of בכה.]

 

בִּכּוּר m.n. MH 1 ripening. NH 2 preferring. [Verbal n. of בִּכֵּר, Pi. of בכר. cp. בִּכּוּרִים.]

 

בְּכוֹר m.n. (pl. בּֽכוֹרִים, also בּֽכוֹרוֹת) 1 firstborn son. 2 senior, elder. [From בכר. cp. Arab. bikhr, Akka. bukru (= first born).] Derivative: בְּכוֹרוּת.

 

בְּכוֹרָה f.n. NH birthright, primogeniture. [From בכר with suff. ◌ָה. cp. Aram. בְּכֵירוּתָא, בְּכוֹרוּתָא, Syr. בּוּכְרוּתָא (= birthright, primogeniture).]

 

בִּכּוּרָה, בַּכּוּרָה f.n. 1 first-ripe fig. 2 early ripening fruit. [Formed from בכר with suff. ◌ָה. cp. Arab. bākūra (= first fruit, early fruit), whence Sp. albacora (= early fig).]

 

בְּכוֹרוּת f.n. NH birthright, primogeniture. [Formed from בְּכוֹר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּכּוּרִים 1 first fruit. PBH 2 Bikkurim, name of a Mishnah tractate in the order זְרָעִים. [Formed from בכר with m. pl. suff. ◌ִים.]

 

בָּכוּת f.n. weeping, mourning (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 35:8 in the phrase אַלּוֹן בָּכוּת, ‘the Oak of Weeping’). [Formed from בכה with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. בָּכוּתא (= weeping, mourning).]

 

בְּכִי m.n. weeping. [From בכה.]

 

בְּכִיָּה f.n. PBH weeping. [Verbal n. of בָּכָה; see בכה. For the ending see subst. suff. ◌ָה. cp. בִּכְיָה.]

 

בִּכְיָה f.n. MH weeping. [Formed from בכה with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. בּֽכִיָּה.]

 

בִּכְיוּן m.n. NH weeping, sniveling. [Verbal n. of בִּכְיֵן. See בכין.]

 

בַּכְיָן m.n. NH weeper, sniveler, crybaby. [Formed from בכה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: בכין, בַּכְיָנוּת, בַּכְיָנִי.

 

בכין to snivel. [Back formation from בַּכְיָן.] Derivative: בִּכְיוּן.

 

בַּכְיָנוּת f.n. NH tearful disposition, sniveling. [Formed from בַּכְיָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּכְיָנִי adj. NH weeping, whining, tearful. [Formed from בַּכֽיָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בָּכִיר adj. NH senior, elder, superior. [Back formation from בּֽכִירָה (as occurring in the Bible).] Derivative: בּֽכִירוּת.

 

בֻּכְיָר, בּוּכְיָר m.n. PBH shuttle. [Of uncertain origin.]

 

בַּכִּיר ᴵ adj. ripening early. [From בכר.]

 

בַּכִּיר ᴵᴵ m.n. the first rain of the season. [From בכר. cp. בַּכִּירָה.]

 

בַּכִּירָה f.n. PBH the first rain of the season. [A f. var. of בַּכִּיר ᴵᴵ (n.).]

 

בְּכִירוּת f.n. NH seniority. [Formed from בָּכִיר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּכִית f.n. weeping (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 50:4). [Formed from בכה with subst. suff. ◌ית. cp. Aram. בְּכִיתָא, בַּכְיוּתָא (= weeping).]

 

בִּכְלָל adv. MH generally, in general. [Formed from כְּלָל with pref. בִּ◌.]

 

בַּכְלַ״ם abbr. NH the four prepositional prefixes (in Heb. grammar). [See prefixes בְּ◌, כְּ◌, לְ◌, מִ◌.]

 

בָּכֶם pron. in you (m. pl.). [Inflected personal pron., formed from בּֽ◌ with suff. ◌כֶם.]

 

בָּכֶן pron. in you (f. pl.). [Inflected personal pron., formed from בְּ◌ with suff. ◌כֶן.]

 

בֻּכְנָה, בּוּכְנָה f.n. PBH 1 protuberance (in fruit). NH 2 piston, pestle.

 

בכר to bring forth.

    — Pi. - בִּכֵּר 1 he invested with birthright, considered as firstborn; PBH 2 בִּכּֽרָה she bore for the first time; 3 it (the tree) produced the first fruits; NH 4 he preferred.

    — Pu. - בֻּכַּר 1 he was invested with birthright, was considered as firstborn; NH 2 was preferred.

    — Hiph. 1 . - הִבְכִּיר produced its fruits earlier; 2 הִבְכִּירָה she bore her first child.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּכֵּר it ripened early. [Aram. בַּכֵּר, Syr. בַּכַּר (= it brought forth), Aram.–Syr. בֻּכֽרָא, Ugar. bkr, Ethiop. baker, Tigre beker, Akka. bukru (= first born), Arab. bikr (= firstborn, eldest; virgin, woman having the first child), Arab. bakr, Akka. bakru (= young camel), Arab. bakūr (= coming early), bakurah (= first fruits, first results). cp. בגר. cp. also ‘albacore’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: בְּכוֹר, בְּכוֹרָה, בִּכּוּרָה, בַּכּוּרָה, בִּכּוּרִים, בָּכִיר, בַּכִּיר (adj. & n.), בַּכִּירָה, בְּכִירָה, בּֽכִירוּת, בֶּכֶר, בִּכְרָה, מַבֽכִּירָה.

 

בֶּֽכֶר m.n. young camel (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 60:6 in the form בִּכְרֵי). [From בכר. cp. Arab. bakuru, Akka. bakru (= young camel).] Derivative: בִּכְרָה.

 

בְּכֹרָה see בְּכוֹרָה.

 

בִּכְרָה f.n. young she-camel (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:23). [f. of בֶּכֶר. cp. Arab. bakra (= young she-camel).]

 

בַּל ᴵ adv. not. [Related to Akka. balū (= lack, deficiency), Ugar. bl (= not, but, yet), Ethiop. enbala (= without, except), Arab. bal and balha (= on the contrary, nevertheless). All these words prob. meant orig. ‘a rubbing off, detrition, disappearance, non-existence’, and derive from Heb. בָּלָה (= became worn out), resp. its equivalents. cp. בְּלִי, אֲבָל, and first element in בִּלְעֲדֵי.]

 

בַּל ᴵᴵ m.n. FW ball. [Fren. bal (= ball), from baler, baller (= to dance), from Vulgate L. ballāre, from Gk. ballizein (= to dance), which prob. derives from ballein (= to throw). See בַּלִּיסְטִיקָה and cp. בַּלָּדָה, בַּלֶּדִינָה.

 

בְּלא prep. without. [Formed from pref. בּֽ◌ and לֹא (= not).]

 

בְּלָאוֹת f.n. pl. PBH (of the same meaning and origin as בְּלָאִים).

 

בַּלַּאי m.n. NH rag dealer. [Nomen opificis formed from בלה (= to be worn out).]

 

בְּלַאי m.n. NH amortization. [Formed from בלה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

בְּלָאִים m.n. pl. PBH worn out clothes, rags. [From בלה. For the pl. suff. see ◌ִים. cp. בְּלָאוֹת.]

 

בִּלְבַד adv. PBH alone, only, solely. [Formed from לְבַד (= alone, only), with pref. בְּ◌.] Derivative: בִּלֽבַדִּי.

 

בִּלְבַדִּי adj. NH exclusive. [Formed from בִּלֽבַד with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בִּלְבַדִּיּוּת.

 

בִּלְבַדִּיּוּת f.n. NH exclusiveness. [Formed from בִּלֽבַדִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּלְבּוּל m.n. MH confusion, perplexity. [Verbal n. of בִּלֽבֵּל; see בלבל.]

 

בֻּלְבּוּל, בּוּלְבּוּל m.n. MH bulbul (a song-bird). [Pers. bulbul (whence also Arab. bulbul), a word of imitative origin.]

 

בִּלְבּוּלְיָה f.n. NH confusion. [Formed from בִּלְבּוּל with suff. ◌יָה.]

 

בֻּלְבּוּס, בּוּלְבּוּס m.n. 1 a kind of onion. NH 2 bulb, tuber. NH 3 potato. [Gk. bolbos (= bulb, bulbous, root, onion), from the reduplication of the IE imitative base *bol-. See ‘bulb’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: בֻּלֽבּֽסָן.

 

בלבל to confuse.

    — Pilp. - בִּלְבֵּל he confused, bewildered, perplexed.

    — Pulp. - בֻּלְבַּל was confused, was bewildered, perplexed.

    — Hithpalp. - הִתְבַּלְבֵּל became confused, bewildered, perplexed. [Pilp. of בלל (= to mix). cp. Aram.–Syr. בִּלְבֵּל, Arab. balbala (= he confounded, confused). For other Pilp. words formed from ע״ע verbs cp. בזבז and words there referred to.] Derivatives: בִּלְבּוּל, בִּלְבּוּלֽיָה, בַּלְבְּלָן, בִּלְבֹּלֶת, מְבֻלְבָּל. cp. פלבל, פלפל ᴵ.

 

בַּלְבְּלָן m.n. MH confuser, trouble-maker. [Formed from בִּלֽבֵּל (see בלבל), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בִּלְבֹּֽלֶת f.n. NH great confusion. [Formed from בִּלֽבֵּל (see בלבל) with subst. suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

בֻּלְבְּסָן m.n. NH Arrhenaterum (botany). [Formed from בֻּלֽבּוּס with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בלג to restrain oneself.

    — Hiph. - הִבְלִיג he restrained himself.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽלַג was perplexed, was confused. [Base of uncertain origin and meaning; usually rendered by ‘to restrain oneself’. Most scholars connect it with Arab. balija (= he gleamed, smiled), however, the verb הִבְלִיג could hardly have this meaning in the verses in which it occurs in the Bible (Ps. 39:14, Job 9:17 and 10:20).] Derivatives: הַבֽלָגָה, מֻבְלָג.

 

בֶּלְגָּם m.n. MH phlegm. [Arab. balgham, from Late L. phlegma, from Gk. phlegma (= inflammation), from phlegein (= to burn, scorch, kindle), from IE base *bhleg-, *bhelg- (= to burn, be hot).] Derivative: בֶּלֽגָּמִי.

 

בֶּלְגָּמִי adj. MH phlegmatic, phlegmatical. [Formed from בֶּלֽגָּם with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּלַגָּן m.n. FW (slang) confusion, disorder, tumult. [From Persian balachane (= temporary stage or platform for folk entertainment on market days or fairs), from bālā (= above).]

 

בַּלָּדָה f.n. FW ballad. [Fren. ballade, from balade, from balada (lit.: ‘dance’, later used in the sense of ‘dancing song’), from balar (= to dance), from L. ballāre. See בַּל ᴵᴵ.]

 

בַּלְדָּר m.n. 1 courier. NH 2 postman. [From Gk. beledarios, L. veredārius (= courier, postboy); of uncertain etymology. cp. דֹּאַר.] Derivative: בַּלְדָּרוּת.

 

בַּלְדָּרוּת f.n. NH errand, mission. [Formed from בַּלְדָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בלה to be worn out, to become old.

    — Qal - בָּלָה was worn out, became old.

    — Niph. - נִבְלָה was worn out.

    — Pi. - בִּלָּה 1 he destroyed; PBH 2 he outlived; NH 3 he wore out, consumed, wasted (time).

    — Pu. - בֻּלָּה 1 was consumed, was wasted (said of time); 2 was outlived.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּלָּה PBH 1 was destroyed; NH 2 was worn out. [BAram. and Aram. בּֽלָא, בְּלִי, Syr. בּֽלָא, בּֽלַי, Arab. baliya, Ethiop. balya (= was worn out), Akka. balū (= to be worn out, to decay). Related to the bases בלל, נבל. cp. בּֽלִי.] Derivatives: בַּל, בַּלַּאי, בּֽלַאי, בּֽלָאוֹת, בְּלָאִים, בָּלֶה, בּֽלוֹאִים, בְּלוֹיִים, בָּלוּי, בִּלּוּי, בְּלוֹת, בָּלוּת, בּֽלִיָּה, בִּלָּיוֹן, בְּלִית, בִּלֽתִּי, תַּבֽלִית, הִתֽבַּלּוּת.

 

בלהּ to be frightened, be terrified.

    — Pi. - בִּלַּהּ he frightened, terrified (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ez. 4:4 in the form. מְבַלְּהִים). [Metathesis of בהל. cp. בַּלָּהָה.]

 

בָּלֶה adj. worn out. [From בלה.]

 

בִּלָּה f.n. PBH mixture. [Formed from בלל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בַּלָּהָה f.n. catastrophe, disaster, nightmare. [Metathesis of בֶּהָלָה; see בלהּ.]

 

בְּלוֹ m.n. 1 (in the Bible) prob. a poll tax. NH 2 excise.

 

בְּלוֹאִים m.n. pl. [A secondary form of בְּלוֹיִים (q.v.).]

 

בַּלּוּט ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 acorn. 2 gland. [Related to Aram.–Syr. בַּלּוּטָא (= oak; acorn). Arab. ballut (= oak; acorn) is an Aram. loan word.]

 

בַּלּוּט ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH stud, tooth (of a key). [From בלט.]

 

בַּלּוּטָה f.n. NH gland. [Formed from בַּלּוּט with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בָּלוּי adj. NH worn out, ragged. [Properly pass. part. of בָּלָה.]

 

בִּלּוּי m.n. NH 1 wearing out. 2 pastime. [Verbal n. of בִּלָּה, Pi. of בָּלָה (= was worn out); see בלה.]

 

בְּלוֹיִים m.n. pl. worn out clothes, rags. [From בלה. cp. Syr. בּֽלָיֵא (of s.m.).]

 

בָּלוּל adj. mixed, mingled. [Pass. part. of בָּלַל. See בלל.]

 

בָּלוּם adj. PBH 1 closed (said of the mouth or the nose). NH 2 compressed; comprehensive. [Pass. part. of בָּלַם; see בלם.]

 

בַּלּוֹן m.n. FW balloon. [Fren. ballon, from It. pallone, which is formed from palla (= a ball), a word of Teutonic origin; see ‘ball’ (a round body), and ‘–oon’ in my CEDEL. The b in Fren. ballon (from It. pallone) is due to the influence of Fren. balle (= ball).]

 

בְּלוֹנְדִּינִי adj. FW blond. [Fren. blondin, from blond (= fair of complexion, blond), which, together with It. biondo, Sp. blondo, Old Provençal blon, is of Teutonic origin. cp. Old Eng. blonden-feax, blanden-feax (= gray-haired), from blondan, blandan (= to mix). For the ending see adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בָּלוּס adj. PBH 1 dirty. 2 mixed.

 

בָּלֽוּעַ adj. PBH 1 swallowed, absorbed. 2 hidden, concealed. [Pass. part. of בָּלַע. See בלע and cp. בְּלוּעָה.]

 

בְּלוּעָה f.n. PBH 1 whirlpool. NH 2 sink hole (topography). [Properly subst. use of the f. of בָּלוּעַ.]

 

בְּלוֹף m.n. FW bluff. [Eng. bluff, from bluff (v.), which derives from Ger. vorblüffen (= to baffle), prob. of imitative origin.] Derivative: בלף.

 

בִּלּוּף m.n. NH the act of bluffing; bluff. [Verbal n. of בִּלֵּף (= he bluffed); see בּלף.]

 

בְּלוֹק m.n. FW block. [Eng. block, from blok, from Fren. bloc (= block; mass), from Dutch bloc (= trunk of a tree), which is related to Ger. bloh, bloch, Block (= block), and cogn. with Old I. blog (= fragment). cp. בְּלוֹקָדָה.]

 

בְּלוֹקָדָה f.n. FW blockade. [Eng. blockade, from the verb block, from Fren. bloquer (= to block), from bloc. See בְּלוֹק. For the ending see first suff. ‘–ade’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בְּלוֹרִית f.n. PBH hair on the front of the head, forelock, tuft, crest. [Of uncertain origin. See Aram. בּֽלוֹרִיתָא.] Derivative: בְּלוֹרִיתָן.

 

בְּלוֹרִיתָן m.n. NH one having forelocks; tufted, crested. [Formed from בּֽלוֹרִית with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בָּלוּשׁ adj. MH searched. [Pass. part. of בָּלַשׁ. See בלשׁ.]

 

בִּלּוּשׁ m.n. NH search, investigation, detection. [Verbal n. of בִּלֵּשׁ, Pi. of בלשׁ.]

 

בְּלוֹת f.n. NH climacteric. [From בלה; borrowed from Gen. 18:12.]

 

בָּלוּת f.n. NH wearing out, deterioration. [Formed from בָּלָה (see בלה) with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בלח to flicker.

    — Hiph. - הִבְלִיחַ flickered. [Of uncertain etymology.] Derivative: הַבְלָחָה.

 

בלט to protrude, project; to be conspicuous.

    — Qal - בָּלַט PBH 1 it protruded, projected; 2 was conspicuous.

    — Hiph. - הִבְלִיט 1 he brought into relief, embossed; 2 he made conspicuous, emphasized.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְלַט was brought into relief, was made conspicuous.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּלֵּט 1 was conspicuous; 2 was prominent, distinguished himself. [Aram.-Syr. בּֽלַט (= it protruded), Syr. בְּלָטָא.] Derivatives: בּוֹלֵט, בַּלּוּט ᴵᴵ, בֶּלֶט, בְּלִיטָה, בְּלִיטוּת, הַבְלָטָה, הִתְבַּלְּטוּת, מִבְלָט, תַּבְלִיט.

 

בֶּֽלֶט m.n. NH projection, bulge. [From בלט.]

 

בַּלֶּט m.n. FW ballet. [Fren., from It. balleto, dimin. of ballo (= dance), from Vulgate L. ballāre, from Gk. ballíxein (= to dance), which prob. derives from ballein (= to throw). See בַּלִיסְטִיקָה and cp. בַּלָּדָה.]

 

בֶּלֶּטְרִיסְטִיקָה f.n. FW literature, fiction. [From Fren. belles-lettres (= lit.: ‘fine letters’), from belles, pl. of belle, f. of beau (= fine, beautiful), and lettres, pl. of lettre (= letter).]

 

בְּלִי adv. without, excluding, except for. [Orig. a m.n. meaning ‘wearing out, destruction, decay, nought’. From בלה. cp. Syr. בְּלַי, Akka. balu (= without), Arab. bilan (= deterioration, decay). cp. also בַּל, בִּלְתִּי, and the first element in בְּלִימָה and in בְּלִיַּעַל.]

 

בְּלָיָה f.n. NH of the s.m. as בּֽלִיָּה (q.v.). [Formed from בלה with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. בְּלִיָּה.]

 

בְּלִיָּה f.n. MH wearing out, wear and tear, deterioration. [Verbal n. of בָּלָה. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. also בּֽלָיָה.]

 

בִּלָּיוֹן m.n. NH wearing out, deterioration. [Formed from בלה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בְּלִיטָה f.n. MH protrusion, projection, bulge, embossment. [Verbal n. of בָּלַט (see בלט). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּלִיטוּת f.n. NH protrusion, projection. [Formed from בלט with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּלִיל m.n. 1 mixed fodder. NH 2 mixture, medley, mishmash; potpourri. [From בלל. cp. Syr. בּֽלִיל (= mixed fodder), Akka. ballu (= mixture), Arab. bulla (= moisture of fresh pasture).]

 

בְּלִילָה f.n. PBH mixing; mixture, medley. [Verbal n. of בָּלַל. See בלל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּלִימָה ᴵ f.n. nothingness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 26:7). [Compounded of בְּלִי (= without), and מָה (= something), hence lit. meaning ‘without anything’.]

 

בְּלִימָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH restraining, stoppage, checking; restraint. [Verbal n. of בָּלַם. See בלם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בַּלִּיסְטִיקָה f.n. FW ballistics. [From Gk. ballein (= to throw), which stands in gradational relationship to bole, bolos (= a throw), belos (= bolt; arrow, dart); lit.: ‘something thrown’), from IE base *gel–, whence also Old I. apa-gūrya (= swinging), Avestic ni-jrā’re (= they are being hurled down). cp. בַּלִּיסֽטִרָה. cp. also בַּל ᴵᴵ, בַּלֶּרִינָה, הִיפֶּרְבּוּלָה, טֻרֽבָּל, מֶטַבּוֹלִיזְם, סִימְבּוֹלִי, עִנְבָּל, פָּרַבּוֹלָה, פּֽרוֹבְּלֶמָה, פְּרוֹזְבּוֹל.]

 

בַּלִּיסְטְרָה f.n. FW (pl. בַּלִּיסְטְרָאוֹת) catapult. [L. ballistra, a collateral form of ballista (= a large military engine; lit.: ‘a throwing machine’), from Gk. ballein (= to throw). See בַּלִּיסֽטִיקָה.]

 

בָּלִֽיעַ adj. NH swallowable. [Coined from בלע according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

בְּלִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 swallowing. 2 absorption. 3 gluttony. [Verbal n. of בָּלַע. See בלע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּלִיַּֽעַל m.n. worthlessness, wickedness. [Prob. a compound of בְּלִי (= without) and יַעַל (= use, worth; see יעל), hence lit. meaning ‘usefulness’, ‘worthlessness’. According to Hupfeld בְּלִיַּעַל is a compound of בְּלִי (= without) and a derivative of עלה (= to go up), hence properly means ‘he that allows no rise’. The word בְּלִיַּעַל was dissimilated in Syriac into בּֽלִיאַר.]

 

בְּלִישָׁה f.n. NH search, investigation, detection. [Verbal n. of בָּלַשׁ (= to search). See בלש and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּלִית f.n. NH debris, detritus (geology). [Formed from בָּלָה (= was worn out). See בלה and suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בלל to confuse.

    — Qal - בָּלַל 1 he mixed, mingled; 2 he confused, confounded.

    — Niph. - נִבֽלַל was mixed.

    — Pol. - בּוֹלֵל he mixed, assimilated.

    — Hithpol. - הִתְבּוֹלֵל 1 was mixed; 2 was assimilated.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְלַל was mixed.

    — Pilp. (see . - בלבל ). [Syr. בַּל (= he confused, soaked, steeped in water, confounded); Arab. bálla (= he moistened with water), balal (= moisture), Akka. balālu (= to sprinkle with, to mix), billu (= mixture), Tigre balla (= he mixed). cp. Phoen. בלל, a kind of offering (prob. meaning lit. ‘mixed offering’). Related to the bases בלה and נבל. cp. בלבל.] Derivatives: בִּלָּה, בָּלוּל, בְּלִיל, הִתֽבּוֹלְלוּת, מַבְלֵל, מִתְבּוֹלֵל, תְּבַלּוּל, possibly also שַׁבְּלוּל. cp. הַבֽלִיל. cp. also תֶּבֶל ᴵ.

 

בָּלָלַיְקָה f.n. FW balalaika. [From Russ. balalaǐka, which, according to Erich Berneker is related to Russ. balabólit (= to chatter, babble), from the IE imitative base *balb-, whence also L. balbus (= stammering).]

 

בלם to hold in, curb.

    — Qal - בָּלַם he held in, curbed, restrained, stopped, muzzled, checked (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 32:4).

    — Niph. - נִבְלַם was curbed, was stopped, was restrained.

    — Pi. - בִּלֵּם he restrained, stopped.

    — Pu. - בֻּלַּם was shrunk, stopped, was restrained.

    — Nith. - נִתְבַּלֵּם was stopped, was restrained.

    — Hiph. - הִבְלִים he stopped, he restrained, he compressed. [Prob. related to Aram.–Syr. בְּלַם (= he muzzled, checked), perhaps also to Arab. ’ablama (= he held his tongue, was silent).] Derivatives: בֶּלֶם, בַּלָּם, בָּלוּם, בְּלִימָה ᴵᴵ, הִבָּלְמוּת, מְבֻלָּם.

 

בֶּֽלֶם m.n. NH brake. [From בלם.]

 

בַּלָּם m.n. NH 1 buffer. 2 back (football). [Lit.: ‘one who stops something’. Formed from בלם according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

בֻּלְמוּס, בּוּלְמוּס m.n. PBH ravenous hunger, bulimia. [Gk. boulimos (lit.: ‘ox hunger’), from bous (= ox), and limos (= hunger), for whose etymology see my CEDEL s.v. ‘bulimia’.]

 

בַּלְמַ״ס abbr. NH unclassified. [Formed from the initials of בִּלְתִּי מְסֻוָּג.]

 

בַּלָּן m.n. PBH bath attendant. [Hebraization of Gk. balaneus (= bathman), from balaneion (= bath), which is of uncertain origin. cp. בַּלְנָרִים.] Derivatives: בַּלָּנוּת, בַּלְנִית.]

 

בַּלָּנוּת f.n. NH the trade of a bath attendant. [Formed from בַּלָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּלְנִית f.n. PBH bath towel. [Formed from בַּלָּן with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בַּלְנָרִים m.n. pl. bathing apparel. [A loan word from L. balneāria, properly subst. use of the neuter pl. of the adj. balneārius (= pertaining to a bath), from balneum (= bath), from Gk. balaneion. See בַּלָּן.]

 

בלס to tend (sycamore trees).

    — Qal - בָּלַס he tended sycamore trees (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Amos 7:1). [cp. Arab. bálas (a kind of a fig), Ethiop. (Tigre) balas (= fig). Egypt. nbs (= sycamore-fig) is a Sem. loan word.]

 

בַּלְסָם, בַּלְסְמוֹן m.n. PBH balsam. [A loan word from Gk. balsamon (= balsam), which itself is a loan word from Heb. בָּשָׂם (q.v.).]

 

בלע to swallow.

    Ethiop. -

    — Qal - בָּלַע 1 he swallowed, devoured, ate up; 2 he absorbed.

    — Niph. - נִבְלַע NH 1 was swallowed up, was devoured; PBH 2 was absorbed; MH 3 was assimilated (grammar).

    — Pi. - בִּלַּע he destroyed.

    — Pu. - בֻּלַּע was destroyed.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּלַּע 1 was destroyed; NH 2 was assimilated (grammar).

    — Hiph. - הִבֽלִיעַ PBH 1 he caused to swallow; MH 2 he assimilated (grammar).

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽלַע PBH 1 was swallowed, was devoured; PBH 2 was absorbed; MH 3 was syncopated, was assimilated (grammar). [Related to Aram.–Syr. בּֽלַע, Mand. בלע, Arab. bala‘a, bali‘a, Derivatives: בַּלָּע, בֵּלְעָן, בָּלוּעַ, בּֽלוּעָה, בָּלִיעַ, בּֽלִיעָה, הֶבְלֵעַ, הַבֽלָעָה, הִבַּלְעוּת, הִתְבַּלּֽעוּת, מֻבֽלָע.

 

בֶּֽלַע m.n. 1 swallowing, a thing swallowed. 2 confusion, corruption. [From בלע.]

 

בַּלָּע m.n. PBH glutton. [Formed from בלע after the pattern פַּעָל serving to form nomina opificum.]

 

בלעד to make exclusive.

    — Pi. - בִּלְעֵד he made exclusive.

    — Pu. - בֻּלֽעַד was made exclusive. [Back formation from בִּלֽעֲדֵי.] Derivative: בִּלֽעוּד.

 

בִּלְעֲדֵי prep. without, except, apart from. [Compounded of בַּל (= not), and עֲדֵי, עַד (= as far as, up to). cp. Syr. בֶּלֽעָד (= without), which is the exact equivalent of Heb. בִּלְעֲדֵי. Derivatives: בלעד, בִּלְעָדִי, מִבַּלְעֲדֵי.]

 

בִּלְעָדִי adj. exclusive. [Formed from בִּלֽעֲדֵי (= without), with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בִּלֽעָדִיּוּת.

 

בִּלְעָדִיּוּת f.n. NH exclusiveness, exclusivity. [Formed from בִּלְעָדִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּלְעוּד m.n. NH the act of making exclusive. [Verbal n. of בִּלְעֵד. See בלעד.]

 

בְּלַֽעַז adv. MH in a foreign language. [Formed from לַעַז (= a foreign language), with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בַּלְעָן adj. & m.n. MH glutton, gourmand. [Formed from בָּלַע (see בלע) with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: בַּלֽעָנוּת.

 

בַּלְעָנוּת f.n. NH gluttony, gourmandizement. [Formed from בַּלֽעָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בלף to bluff.

    — Pi. - בִּלֵּף he bluffed (slang). [Denominated from בְּלוֹף.] Derivatives: בַּלּֽפָן, בִּלּוּף.

 

בַּלְּפָן m.n. NH bluffer (slang). [Formed from בִּלֵּף, Pi. of בלף, with agential suff. ◌ָן, on the analogy of כַּזּֽבָן (= liar).]

 

בלק to destroy, to lay waste.

    — Qal - בָּלַק he laid waste, destroyed (in the Bible occurring only Is. 24:1).

    — Pi. - בִּלֵּק he split, he destroyed.

    — Pu. - בֻּלַּק was split, was destroyed (in the Bible occurring only Nah. 2:11).

    — Hiph. - הִבֽלִיק he destroyed.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽלַק was destroyed. [cp. Arab. balaqa (= he opened vehemently), ballū́qa (= a desert), OSArab. blq (= opening).] Derivative: מֽבֻלָּק.

 

בַּלְקָנִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW Balkanization. [Eng., coined by the English journalist James Louis Garvin (1868–1947) in allusion to the political condition in the Balkans in 1912–13.]

 

בַּלֶּרִינָה f.n. FW ballerina. [It. ballerina, from ballare (= to dance), from Vulgate L. ballāre. See בַּל ᴵᴵ.]

 

בלשׁ to search, examine, investigate, detect.

    — Qal - בָּלַשׁ he searched, he examined.

    — Niph. - נִבֽלַשׁ was searched, was examined, was investigated. [Aram. בּֽלַשׁ. cp. the related base פלשׁ ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: בַּלָּשׁ, בַּלֶּשֶׁת, בִּלּוּשׁ, בּֽלִישָׁה, בּוֹלֶשֶׁת.

 

בַּלָּשׁ m.n. PBH 1 investigator, excise-man. NH 2 detective. [Formed from בלשׁ according to the pattern פַּעָל, which saves to form nomina opificum.] Derivatives: בַּלָּשׁוּת, בַּלָּשִׁי.

 

בַּלָּשׁוּת f.n. NH detection. [Formed from בַּלָּשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּלָּשִׁי adj. NH detective (adj.). [Formed from בַּלָּשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּלְשָׁן m.n. NH 1 polyglot. 2 philologist, linguist. [Based on the interpretation of the names מָרְדְּכַי, בִּלְשָׁן (Ez. 2:2) as ‘Mordecai who knew seventy languages’. בַּלְשָׁן was folk-etymologically regarded as contracted from בַּעַל לָשׁוֹן (= a man of the tongue). See לָשׁוֹן.] Derivatives: בַּלֽשָׁנוּת, בַּלֽשָׁנִי.

 

בַּלְשָׁנוּת f.n. NH philology, linguistics. [Formed from בַּלְשָׁן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּלְשָׁנִי adj. NH philological, linguistic. [Formed from בַּלְשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּלֶּֽשֶׁת f.n. PBH 1 a foraging band. NH 2 secret police. [Formed from בלשׁ after the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, which serves to form collective nouns.]

 

בִּלְתִּי◌ MH combining form meaning ‘un-’, ‘in-’, ‘a-’, as in בִּלְתִּי־מֻגְבָּל (= unlimited). [From בִּלְתִּי (= except).]

 

בִּלְתִּי prep. & conj. not, except, without. [Formed from בֵּלֶת, properly a f.n. in the c. st. derived from בלה (= to be worn out), with suff. ◌ִי. See בַּל ᴵ and בּֽלִי.]

 

בָּם, בָּהֶם pron. in them (m.). [Inflected personal pron., formed from בְּ◌ with suff. ◌ָם, resp. ◌הֶם.]

 

בַּמָּאוּת f.n. NH office of the stage manager. [Formed from בַּמַּאי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּמַּאי m.n. stage-director. [Coined by A. Shlonsky (1900–1973) from בָּמָה (= high place), after the pattern פַּעָל serving to form nomina opificum. However, this is a wrong formation, because it is based on the supposition that the n. בָּמָה derives from base במה, while apparently it derives from base בום (q.v.).] Derivatives: בַּמָּאוּת, בִּמּוּי.

 

בִּמְבּוּם m.n. NH humming. [Verbal n. of במבם.]

 

בַּמְבּוּק m.n. FW bamboo. [Malay bambū. cp. ‘bamboo’ in my CEDEL.]

 

במבם to hum. [Of imitative origin.] — Plip. בִּמְבֵּם intr. v. NH he hummed. Derivative: בַּמֽבְּמָנִי.

 

בַּמְבְּמָנִי adj. NH humming. [Formed from במבם with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בָּמָה f.n. 1 high place. NH 2 stage. NH 3 pulpit. [Apparently from base בום. Related to Moabite במת, Aram. בָּמֽתָא (= high place), Ugar. bmt (= back, of a person or animal), Arab. buhma (= rock), Akka. bāmtu (= slope of a hill, back). These words possibly derive from base בום.] Derivative: בַּמַּאי.

 

בַּמָּה, בַּמֶּה adv. wherein, by what means. [Formed from pref. בְּ◌ and מָה (= what).]

 

בְּמוֹ prep. in (poetically). [Formed from בְּ◌ and מוֹ, alteration of מָה (= what), used pleonastically. cp. כְּמוֹ, לֽמוֹ. cp. also בַּמֶּה.]

 

בִּמּוּי m.n. NH stage directing. [Back formation from בַּמַּאי. cp. בִּיּוּם.]

 

בֵּמוֹל m.n. FW bémol, flat (music). [Fren. bémol, from bé (= the letter b), and mol (= soft), from L. mollis. See ‘meal’ (edible grain) in my CEDEL.]

 

בְּמָטוּתָא adv. PBH please! [Aram., formed from מָטוּתָא (= request), with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בָּמְיָה f.n. Hibiscus esculentus (a vegetable). [Arab. bāmiya. As proved by the long ā in Arabic, the usual spelling בַּמְיָה is erroneous.]

 

בִּמְקוֹם adv. MH instead of, in place of. [Formed from מֽקוֹם, c. st. of מָקוֹם (= place) with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בָּמָתֵי◌ poetic c. st. pl. of בָּמָה.

 

בֵּן m.n. 1 son; offspring. 2 branch, shoot. 3 inhabitant of. 4 worthy of, deserving. [Related to Moabite, Phoen., OSArab. בן, Ugar. bn, Arab. ibn, Akka. bin(= son), BAram. and Aram.–Syr. בַּר (pl. בּֽנִין), Mehri ber (= son). All these words prob. derive from בנה ᴵ (= to build). The change of n to r in Aram., Syr. and Mehri is difficult to explain; it may be due to regressive dissimilation. cp. בגה ᴵᴵ. cp. also בַּר and בַּת.] Derivatives: בּֽנָהוּת, בְּנָיוּת.

 

בִּן◌ a rare c. st. form of בֵּן (= son), as in יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בִּן־נוּן (= Joshua, the son of Nun), בִּן־הַכּוֹת (= deserving to be beaten), בִּן־לַיְלָה (= in a night), בִּן־רֶגַע (= at once, instantaneously).

 

בִּנְאוּם m.n. NH internationalization. [Verbal n. of בִּנְאֵם. See בנאם.]

 

בַּנָּאוּת f.n. NH (the craft of) building. [Formed from בַּנַּאי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּנַּאי m.n. PBH builder, constructor. [Nomen opificis, formed from בנה (= to build), after the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

בנאם to internationalize.

    — Pi. - בִּנֽאֵם he internationalized.

    — Pu. - בֻּנְאַם was internationalized. [Coined by Y. Avineri from בֵּין (= between) and אֹם (= nation).] Derivative: בִּנְאוּם.

 

בַּנְדִּיט m.n. FW bandit. [Fren., from It. bandito, properly p. part. of bandire (= to banish).]

 

בנה ᴵ to build.

    — Qal - בָּנָה he built, constructed, established.

    — Niph. - נִבְנָה was built, was constructed.

    — Pi. - בִּנָּה PBH 1 he built, constructed; NH 2 he reconstructed.

    — Pu. - בֻּנָּה was built, was reconstructed.

    — Nith. - נִתֽבַּנָה (of s.m.). [Moabite בנה, Phoen. בן, Aram.–Syr. בְּנָא, Arab. banā(y), OSArab. בני, בנה, בנו, Ugar. bny, Akka. banū (= to build, to create, to bring forth).] Derivatives: בּוֹנֶה ᴵ, בּוֹנֶה ᴵᴵ, בַּנַּאי, בָּנוּי, בִּנּוּי, בִּנְיָה, בְּנִיָּה, בִּנְיָן, הִבָּנוּת, מִבְנֶה, תַּבְנוּן, תַּבְנִית. cp. בֵּן and בַּת.

 

בנה ᴵᴵ to become a mother of a child.

    — Niph. f. - נִבְנְתָה she became mother of a child, got a child (said a childless woman) (Gen. 16:2, 30:3). [Denominated from בֵּן (= son). Arab. tabannā(y) (= he adopted).]

 

בְּנָּהוּת f.n. NH relation of a child to his father, filiation, sonhood. [Formed from בֵּן (= son), with suff. ◌וּת, on the analogy of אַבְהוּת (= fatherhood), from אָב (= father). cp. בְּנָיוּת.]

 

בָּֽנוּ pron. in us. [Inflected personal pron. Formed from pref. בְּ◌ and suff. ◌נוּ.]

 

בָּנוּי adj. constructed. [Pass. part. of בָּנָה (= he built); see בנה ᴵ.]

 

בִּנּוּי m.n. NH construction, reconstruction. [Verbal n. of בִּנָּה (= he built, he constructed), Pi. of בנה ᴵ.]

 

בָּנוֹת pl. of בַּת ᴵ.

 

בַּנְז׳וֹ m.n. FW (pl. בַּנֽז׳וֹאוֹת) banjo. [Eng. banjo, from earlier banjore, banjer, banshaw, Negro alterations of Eng. bandore, from Portuguese bandurra, from L. pandūra, from Gk. pandoura (= a musical instrument of three strings). See ‘pandore’ and ‘banjo’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בֶּנְזִין m.n. FW benzine. [From Benzin, a name coined by the German chemist Eilhardt Mitscherlich in 1833; so called by him because he obtained it through the distillation of benzoic acid with lime. The adj. benzoic derives from benzoin, from Fren. benjoin, from Sp. benjiú, which is shortened from lobenjui (the first syllable having been mistaken for the definite article), from Arab. lubā́n jawī (= frankincense from Java). For the etymology of Arab. lubā́n see לֽבוֹנָה.]

 

בִּנְיָה f.n. building (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 41:13). [Formed from בָּנָה (see בנה ᴵ) with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּנִיָּה f.n. NH building, construction. [Verbal n. of בָּנָה (= he built). See בנה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּנָיוּת f.n. NH filitation, sonhood. [Formed from בֵּן (= son) with suff. ◌וּת. cp. בְּנָהוּת.]

 

בְּנֵי מָרוֹן, בְּנֵי מְרוֹן PBH ‘flocks of sheep’ or ‘troops of soldiers’ (occurring in the Mishnah, in the phrase כָּל בָּאֵי עוֹלָם עוֹבְרִין לְפָנָיו בִּבְנֵי מָרוֹן, ‘all mankind pass before him כבני מרון’ — either ‘like troops of soldiers’ or ‘like flocks of sheep’). [כבני מרון is prob. metanalysis for כבנומרון (= כִּבְנוּמֶרוֹן), which is formed from the prefixes כְּ◌ (= like, as), בּֽ◌ (= in), and נוּמֶרוֹן, from Late Gk. noumeron, from L. numerus (= troop, band); properly: ‘a certain number of soldiers’. Hence כִּבֽנוּמֶרוֹן means ‘as in a troop of soldiers’. Through the slight change of the first ו into י, כבנומרון was folk-etymologically interpreted in the Talmud as a Hebrew phrase consisting of two nouns, the first of which is כִּבְנֵי (= ‘like the children of’, or ‘like the young of’, on the analogy of phrases like בּֽנֵי אָדָם,, ‘the children of man, mankind’), and מרון, the second part, was connected with Aram. אֲמַרְנָא (= lamb), whence בני מרון means ‘flocks of sheep’.]

 

בִּנְיָן m.n. (pl. בִּנְיָנִים, also בִּנְיָנוֹת) 1 building, edifice, construction (in both senses ‘the act of construction’ and ‘something constructed’). MH 2 conjugation (grammar). [Formed from בנה ᴵ (= he built) with suff. ◌ָן. cp. Aram. and BAram. בִּנְיָנָא, Syr. בֶּנְיָנָא (= building).]

 

בָּנָלִי adj. banal. [Fren. banal, from earlier ban (= proclamation), from Frankish *ban, which is related to Ger. ban (= commandment or prohibition under threat of punishment, jurisdiction), which derives from IE base *bha– (= to speak, tell, say). See ‘ban’ (edict) in my CEDEL.]

 

בָּנָלִיּוּת f.n. FW banality. [Formed from בָּנָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בָּנָנָה f.n. FW banana. [Sp. and Portuguese banana, from earlier Congolese banam.]

 

בַּנְק m.n. FW bank. [Fren. banque, from It. banca (orig.: ‘bench, table, counter’, scil. of a money changer), which is of Teutonic origin. See ‘bench’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: בַּנְקָאוּת, בַּנְקַאי, בַּנֽקָאִי.

 

בַּנְקָאוּת f.n. FW banking. [Formed from בַּנֽק with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּנְקַאי m.n. FW banker. [Formed from בַּנֽק with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

בַּנְקָאִי adj. FW pertaining to a bank, banking (adj.), bank (adj.). [Formed from בַּנֽק with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּנְקֶט m.n. FW banquet. [Fren. banquet, from It. banchetto, dimin. of banca (= bench). See ‘bench’ in my CEDEL and cp. בַּנְק.]

 

בַּנְקְנוֹט m.n. FW banknote. [Eng. banknote. For the first element of this compound see בַּנְק. The second element derives from Middle Eng. note, from Fren. note, from L. nota (= mark, sign, note; character, letter). cp. נוֹטַרֽיוֹן.]

 

בַּנְקְרוֹט m.n. FW bankruptcy. [It. bacarotta (lit.: ‘a broken bench’). from banca (= bench; see בַּנְק), and rotta f. p. part. of rompere (= to break); so called from the habit of breaking the bench of a bankrupt.]

 

בַּס m.n. FW bass, basso (music). [It. basso, from Late L. bassus (= thick, fat, stumpy, low), of uncertain origin. cp. בַּסּוֹן.]

 

בָּסוּם adj. NH 1 fragrant, pleasant. 2 drunk, intoxicated. [Pass. part. of בָּסַם. See בסם and cp. בָּשׂוּם.]

 

בִּסּוּם m.n. MH perfuming. [Verbal n. of בִּסֵּם (= he perfumed), Pi. of בסם. cp. בִּשּׂוּם.]

 

בַּסּוֹן m.n. FW bassoon. [Fren. basson, from It. bassone, augment. of basso. See בַּס.]

 

בִּסּוּס m.n. MH foundation, establishment, consolidation. [Verbal n. of בִּסֵּס, Pi. of בסס ᴵ.]

 

בָּסִילִיקָה FW, בָּסִילְקִי PBH basilica. [Gk. basilike (lit.: ‘royal colonnade’), f. of basilikos (= kingly, royal), from basileus (= king), which is of uncertain origin. It is perhaps a loan word from a language of Asia Minor; cp. Lydian battos (= king).]

 

בָּסִים adj. NH fragrant; aromatic; pleasant. [From בסם. cp. JAram. בְּסִימָא (of s.m.). cp. also בָּשִׂים.] Derivative: בּֽסִימוּת.

 

בְּסִימָא m.n. PBH tasty (lit.: ‘spiced’) food. [JAram., properly subst. use of the pass. part. בּֽסַם (= was pleasant). See בשׂם and בסם.]

 

בְּסִימוּת f.n. NH pleasantness, fragrance. [Formed from בָּסִים with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בָּסִיס m.n. PBH basis, base, foundation. [Gk. basis (= a stepping, step, pedestal, foot, base), from the stem of baino (= I go), which prob. stands for banio, from bamio, from IE base *gem (= to go, to come). cp. בִּימָה, cp. also the second element in אַמְבָּט, אַקְרוֹבָּט, דְּיוּבִיט, פְּרוּזְבּוּטֽיָא, אִינֽוֶנֽטָר, קוֹנְבֶנְצְיָה.] Derivatives: בְּסִיסִי, בסס ᴵᴵ.

 

בְּסִיסָה f.n. MH trampling. [Verbal n. of בָּסַס. See בסס ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּסִיסִי adj. NH basic, fundamental. [Formed from בָּסִיס with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בְּסִיסִיּוּת.

 

בְּסִיסִיּוּת f.n. NH basicity. [Formed from בְּסִיסִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בסם to perfume, to flavor.

    — Qal - בָּסַם was fragrant; was pleasant.

    — Pi. - בִּסֵּם 1 made fragrant, pleasant; 2 he spiced, perfumed, flavored.

    — Pu. - בֻּסַּם (only in the part.; see מְבֻסָּם).

    — Nith. - הִתְבַּסֵּם he became drunk, became intoxicated. [A secondary form of בשׂם.] Derivatives: בַּסָּם, בֹּסֶם, בּֽסֹמֶת, בִּסּוּם, בָּסִים, הִתְבַּסְּמוּת, מְבֻסָּם. cp. בּֽסִימָא.

 

בֹּֽסֶם m.n. PBH perfume, scent, fragrance. [From בסם. A secondary form of בֹּשֶׂם.]

 

בַּסָּם m.n. PBH spicer, perfumer. [A nomen opificis formed from בִּסֵּם (= he spiced, perfumed), Pi. of בסם, according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. בַּשָּׂם.]

 

בֻּסְמָן m.n. PBH scent, fragrance, balm. [From בֹּסֶם.]

 

בְּסֹֽמֶת f.n. NH aroma. [Formed from בסם with suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

בסס ᴵ to trample, tread.

    — Qal - בָּסַס to trample, to tread. [Back formation from בּוֹסֵס, Pol. of בוס, but mistaken for the part. of a verb בָּסַס.] Derivative: בְּסִיסָה.

 

בסס ᴵᴵ to base, establish.

    — Pi. - בִּסֵּס he based, founded, established, strengthened, consolidated.

    — Pu. - בֻּסַּס was based, was founded, was established, was strengthened, was consolidated.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּסֵּס (of s.m.). [Denominated from בָּסִיס (= base).] Derivatives: בָּסוּס, הִתֽבַּסְּסוּת, מְבֻסָּס.

 

בסר to be half-ripe; to despise, spurn.

    — Qal - בָּסַר he despised, spurned.

    — Pi. - בִּסֵּר (of s.m.). [Aram. בְּסַר (= he despised, scorned), Arab. básara (= he scowled, frowned). All these meanings developed from the orig. meaning of this base, ‘to be hard, taut or rigid’.] Derivatives: בֹּסֶר, בִּסָּרוֹן.

 

בֹּֽסֶר m.n. 1 unripe fruit; sour grapes. NH 2 immaturity, crudity. [Related to Aram. בֻּסְרָא, Syr. בֶּסְרָא (= grapes not yet ripened), Arab. busr (= dates beginning to ripen).] Derivatives: בַּסֽרוּת, בָּסְרִי.

 

בִּסָּרוֹן m.n. NH contempt, scorn. [Formed from בסר with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

 

בַּסְרוּת f.n. NH unripeness; immaturity. [Formed from בֹּסֶר (= unripe fruit), with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בָּסְרִי adj. NH unripe; immature. [Formed from בֹּסֶר with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בֻּסְתָּן m.n. PBH garden. [Aram. בּוּסְתָּנָא, from Pers. bōstān (= garden; lit.: ‘place of fragrance’), from bō (= smell, odor, fragrance), and – stān, a suff. denoting place. See ‘Hindustani’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘bostangi’ ibid.] Derivative: בֻּסֽתָּנַאי.

 

בֻּסְתָּנַאי m.n. MH gardener. [Formed from בֻּסְתָּן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

בַּעְבּֽוּעַ m.n. NH bubble, pustule, vesicle. [From בעבע.]

 

בִּעְבּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH bubbling. [Verbal n. of בִּעְבַּע; see בעבע and cp. פִּעְפּוּעַ.]

 

בַּעֲבוּר 1 for the sake of, because of, on account of; in order to. 2 in order that. [Formed from pref. בְּ◌ and עֲבוּר ᴵᴵ.]

 

בעבע to bubble.

    — Pilp. - בִּעֽבַּע 1 it bubbled; 2 it gushed out; 3 he struggled (in the river).

    — Hithpalp. - הִתְבַּעְבַּע it bubbled. [Of imitative origin. cp. Syr. בַּעֽבּוֹעְיָתָא (= water bubbles), Akka. bubu’tu (= pustule), which are also imitative. Base of אֲבַעְבּוּעָה. cp. נעה ᴵ. cp. also פעפע.] Derivatives: בַּעֽבּוּעַ, בִּעְבּוּעַ.

 

בַּעֲגָלָא adv. MH quickly, soon, speedily. [Aram.–Syr. בַּעֲגַל. Formed from בְּ◌ (= in) and עֲגַל, עֲגָלָא (= speed), which is related to Arab. ‘ajila (= he hurried, hastened), ‘ajala (= haste).]

 

בעד to be far away. [Base of בְּעַד, בַּעַד. Related to Ugar. b‘d (= behind), Arab. bá‘uda, ba‘ida (= was far away, was distant), ba‘id (= far away), bá‘da (= after in time), SArab. בעד (= behind, after), Syr. אַבְעֵד (= he drove, or sent, far away; he was afar, went afar), Ethiop. bā‘ed, Tigre be‘ed (= another).]

 

בְּעַד, בַּעַד prep. for the sake of, for the benefit of. [Properly a noun denoting distance, as in מִבַּעַד לְ◌ (= behind; lit.: from out of the distance of). See בעד.]

 

בעה ᴵ to bubble.

    — Qal - בָּעָה it bubbled.

    — Niph. - נִבֽעָה it swelled.

    — Hiph. - מַבְעֶה ᴵ. [Together with בעבע (= to bubble), and Arab. bagā(y) (= swelled — said of a wound), of imitative origin.]

 

בעה ᴵᴵ to seek; to ask questions.

    — Qal - בָּעָה he sought, asked, inquired.

    — Niph. - נִבְעָה was searched out, was uncovered.

    — Hiph. - הִבְעָה he uncovered. [BAram. בְּעָה, בְּעָא (= he sought, required), Aram.–Syr. בְּעָה (= he sought, desired; prayed, inquired), Nab., Palm., Samaritan, Mand. בעא (of s.m.), Ugar. bgy (= to require, desire), Arab. baġhā(y) (= he sought), Akka. ba’ū, buḥḥū (= to seek). Several scholars identify בעה ᴵ and בעה ᴵᴵ by assuming that the orig. meaning of this base was ‘to swell’, whence developed the meanings ‘to bubble’ on the one hand, and ‘to swell with desire’ on the other.] Derivatives: בְּעָיָה, בַּעֲיָן, הַבְעָיָה, אַבְעָיָה, מַבְעֶה ᴵᴵ. cp. כִּדְבָעֵי.

 

בְּעוֹד prep. & conj. after, yet, while. [Formed from pref. בְּ◌ ᴵ and עוֹד (= still, yet).]

 

בָּעוּט adj. PBH kicked; trodden. [Pass. part. of בָּעַט. See בעט.]

 

בִּעוּט m.n. PBH kicking. [Verbal n. of בִּעֵט (= he kicked strongly), Pi. of בעט.]

 

בְּעוּלָה f.n. 1 married woman. PBH 2 one no longer a virgin. [f. pass. part. of בָּעַל. See בעל.]

 

בִּעוּר m.n. PBH removal, destruction. [Verbal n. of בִּעֵר (= he removed), Pi. of בער ᴵᴵ.]

 

בִּעוּת m.n. fright, terror (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 88:17 and Job 6:4, in the pl.). [Verbal n. of בִּעֵת (= he frightened, terrified), Pi. of בעת.]

 

בֹּעַז m.n. PBH 1 ‘boaz’ — name of the left-hand of the two bronze pillars in front of the Temple. NH 2 title given to land-owner. [From PN בֹּעַז. In the second sense, after בֹּעַז of ‘Megilath Ruth’.] Derivative: בֹּעֲזִיּוּת.

 

בֹּעֲזִיּוּת f.n. NH landlordism. [Formed from בֹּעַז (sense 2), suff. ◌ִי and suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בעט to stamp, to kick, to despise.

    — Qal - בָּעַט he stamped, he kicked, trampled down, despised.

    — Niph. - נִבֽעַט was kicked down, was trampled down.

    — Pi. - בִּעֵט 1 he kicked strongly, kicked out; 2 he despised.

    — Pil. (see . - בעטט ). [JAram.–Syr. בְּעַט (= he stamped, kicked, despised).] Derivatives: בַּעַט, בּֽעָטָה, בַּעֲטָן, בָּעוּט, בִּעוּט, בְּעִיטָה.

 

בַּֽעַט m.n. MH kick. [From בעט.]

 

בְּעָטָה f.n. NH kick. [Formed from בעט with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בִּעֲטוּט m.n. NH a feeble kick. [Verbal n. of בִּעֽטֵט. See בעטט.]

 

בעטט to kick feebly.

    — Pil. - בִּעֽטֵט he kicked feebly. [Pi‘lel of בעט.] Derivative: בִּעֲטוּט.

 

בְּעֶטְיוֹ (שֶׁל) because of, due to, through the fault of. [From עֲטִי (q.v.) and pref. בְּ◌ (= in).]

 

בַּעֲטָן adj. & m.n. 1 accustomed to kick; kicker. 2 kicker. [Formed from בָּעַט (see בעט) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בְּעָיָה f.n. MH problem. [From Aram. בַּעְיָא (= question), from בְּעָא (= he asked), which is related to Heb. בָּעָה (= he asked). See בעה ᴵᴵ and cp. אַבְעָיָה.] Derivatives: בְּעָיָתִי, בְּעַיּֽתָּנוּת.

 

בְּעִיטָה f.n. PBH kicking, kick. [Verbal n. of בָּעַט. See בעט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּעִילָה f.n. PBH cohabitation, sexual intercourse. [Verbal n. of בָּעַל. See בעל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בַּעְיָם adv. with strength. [See עֲיָם.]

 

בַּעֲיָן m.n. NH problemist, problematist (e.g. in chess). [Formed from בָּעָה (see בעה ᴵᴵ) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בְּעַֽיִן adv. MH clearly, obviously (lit.: ‘with the eye’). [Formed from עַיִן (= eye) with pref. בּֽ◌ (= in).]

 

בְּעִיר m.n. cattle, beasts. [Related to Aram.–Syr. בּֽעִירָא, JAram., Syr., Mand., OSArab. בער (= cattle, beasts). Arab. ba‘īr (= camel), Ethiop. ba‘rāwī(= ox), are prob. loan words from Heb. בּֽעִיר.] Derivative: בער ᴵᴵ.

 

בָּעִיר adj. NH inflammable, combustible. [Coined from בָּעַר (= it burned; see בער ᴵ) after the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

בְּעִירָה f.n. MH burning. [Verbal n. of בָּעַר. See בער ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּעִיתָה f.n. MH fright, terror. [Verbal n. of בָּעַת (= he was frightened, was terrified). See בעת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּעָיָתִי adj. NH problematical. [Formed from בְּעָיָה (= problem) with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בְּעָיָתִיּוּת.

 

בְּעָיָתִיּוּת f.n. NH problematicalness. [Formed from בּֽעָיָתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּעַיְתָּנוּת f.n. NH problematics. [Formed from בּֽעָיָה with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

בעל to rule over, own, possess; to marry; to cohabit with.

    — Qal - בָּעַל 1 he owned, ruled over; 2 he married; 3 he had sexual intercourse with.

    — Niph. - נִבְעֲלָה 1 was taken to wife, was married; PBH 2 she had sexual intercourse.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּעֲלָה she became married. [JAram. בּֽעַל, Syr. בְּעֵל (= he owned; he married), OSArab. בעל (= to rule over, to own), Arab. ba‘ala(= he owned, possessed, esp. a wife or a concubine), Akka. bēlu (= to own; to rule over); according to Gerber denominated from בַּעַל.] Derivatives: בַּעַל, בְּעוּלָה, בְּעִילָה, בּוֹעֵל.

 

בַּֽעַל m.n. 1 owner, master. 2 husband. 3 Baal, name of the chief god of the Canaanites. PBH 4 soil watered by rain. [Prob. derived from בעל. Related to Phoen. בעל, Palm. בעל, Aram.–Syr. בַּעְלָא, Ugar. b‘l, Akka. bēlu, Arab. ba‘l, Ethiop. bā‘el (= lord, owner).] Derivatives: בַּעֲלָה, בַּעֲלוּת, בַּעֲלָה. cp. בּֽעָלִים.]

 

בַּעַלְבָּתִּי, בַּעַל־בֵּיתִי adj. NH 1 landlordish. 2 bourgeois, provincial. [Formed from בַּעַל (= owner), בַּיִת (= house), and adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּעֲלָה f.n. (used only in the c. st. בַּעֲלַת) mistress, proprietress. [f. of בַּעַל.]

 

בַּעֲלוּת f.n. NH ownership, proprietorship. [Formed from בַּעַל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּעֲלִיל adv. clearly, expressly, obviously. [After בַּעֲלִיל in Ps. 12:7, where the meaning is uncertain. See עֲלִיל.]

 

בַּעֲלִילוּת adv. PBH clearly, expressly, obviously. [Formed from בַּעֲלִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בּֽעָלִים f.n. pl. owner. [Formally pl. of בַּעַל (= owner), but construed as a singular.]

 

בְּעַל־כָּרְחוֹ adv. PBH against his will. [See כֹּרַח, עַל and pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּעָלְמָא adv. in a general way, unintentionally, merely. [Aram., lit.: ‘in the world’, corresponding to Heb. בָּעוֹלָם. See עָלְמָא and pref. בּֽ◌.]

 

בַּעֲלָן m.n. NH an avid or eager person. [Formed from בַּעַל (= owner), with agential suff. ◌ָן; perhaps a blend of בַּעַל and בַּלֽעָן (= swallower). בַּעֲלָן, a Heb. loan word in Yiddish, was reborrowed into Heb. Derivative: בַּעֲלָנוּת.

 

בַּעְלָנוּת f.n. NH avidity, eagerness. [Formed from בַּעֲלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּעַל־פֶּה adv. PBH orally. [See פֶּה, עַל and pref. בּֽ◌.]

 

בַּֽעַץ m.n. PBH the white metal, babbit metal. [From JAram. בַּעֲצָא, which is a metathesized var. of עַבְצָא, this latter being dissimilated from אַבֽצָא (of s.m.). See אָבָץ.] Derivative: בעץ

 

בעץ to babbit.

    — Pi. - בִּעֵץ he babbited.

    — Pu. - בֻּעַץ was babbited. [Denominated from בַּעַץ.]

 

בְּעֶצֶם adv. NH actually, as a matter of fact. [Formed from עָצֶם (= substance, essence), with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בַּעֲקִיפִין adv. MH circuitously, in a roundabout way. [See עָקִיף and pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בער ᴵ to burn, to consume.

    — Qal - בָּעַר it burned, blazed; it was consumed.

    — Niph. - נִבֽעַר it was lighted.

    — Pi. - בִּעֵר he kindled, lighted.

    — Pu. - בֹּעַר was kindled, was lighted (in the Bible occurring only in the part.; see מְבֹעָר ᴵ).

    — Hiph. - הִבֽעִיר 1 he caused fire to burn; MH 2 it burned, was kindled, was set on fire.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְעַר was kindled, was set on fire. [JAram. בְּעַר (= it burned, was consumed), Ugar. b‘r (= to burn). Barth connects this base with Arab. baġara (= he felt an unquenchable thirst), waghara (= it glowed). cp. בער ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: בּוּעֵר ᴵᴵ, בְּעֵרָה, בָּעִיר, בְּעִירָה, הֶבְעֵר, הַבְעָרָה ᴵ, מַבְעֵר, תַּבְעֵרָה, תַּבְעֶרֶת.

 

בער ᴵᴵ to remove, destroy.

    — Pi. - בִּעֵר he removed, cleared, destroyed.

    — Pu. - בֹּעַר was removed, was cleared, was destroyed.

    — Nith. - נִתְבַּעֵר (of s.m.).

    — Hiph. - הִבְעִיר he removed, cleared, destroyed. [Ugar. b‘r (= to remove). Prob. derived from בער ᴵ through enlargement of meaning.] Derivatives: בִּעוּר, הַבֽעָרָה ᴵᴵ, מְבֹעָר.

 

בער ᴵᴵᴵ to become brutish.

    — Qal - בָּעַר he was brutish, was stupid.

    — Niph. - נִבְעַר he became brutish, became stupid. [Denominated from בְּעִיר.] Derivatives: נִבְעָר, בַּעַר.

 

בַּֽעַר adj. foolish, stupid, ignorant. [Prob. denominated from בּֽעִיר (= cattle).] Derivative: בַּעֲרוּת.

 

בְּעֵרָה f.n. burning, fire, conflagration (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 22:5). [Formed from בער ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בַּעֲרוּת f.n. NH stupidity, ignorance. [Formed from בַּעַר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּעֶֽרֶךְ, בְּעֵֽרֶךְ adv. NH approximately, roughly, about. [Formed from עֶרֶךְ (= value, estimation) with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בעת to frighten, terrify.

    — Niph. - נִבֽעַת was frightened, was terrified.

    — Pi. - בִּעֵת he frightened, terrified.

    — Nith. - נִתֽבַּעֵת was frightened, was terrified.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽעִית he frightened, terrified.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽעַת was frightened, was terrified. [JAram. עבת (= was timid, was anxious), Syr. בּֽהֵת (= was formidable, assaulted suddenly, terrified), JAram. בַּהֵת, Syr. בְּהֵת (= he terrified), Arab. baġhata (= it came or happened suddenly).] Derivatives: בַּעַת, בְּעָתָה, בִּעוּת, בּֽעִיתָה, בִּעֲתוּת, הַבֽעָתָה, מְבֹעָת.

 

בַּֽעַת m.n. MH 1 fright, terror. NH 2 –phobia. [From בעת.]

 

בְּעָתָה f.n. sudden fear, terror, dismay. [Formed from בעת with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בִּעֲתוּת f.n. MH fright, terror. [From Aram. בִּעֲתוּתָא, from בְּעֵת. See בעת and suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּפְנֵי prep. in front of, in the presence of, before. [Lit.: ‘in the face of’. It is formed from c. st. of פָּנִים and pref. בְּ◌. cp. לִפְנִי, מִפְּנֵי.]

 

בִּפְנִים adv. PBH inside, within. [Formed from פְּנִים (= inside) and pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּפֹעַל adv. NH actually. [Formed from פֹּעַל (= deed, action) with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּפֵרוּשׁ adv. PBH explicitly, clearly. [Formed from פֵּרוּשׁ (= explanation), with pref. בּֽ◌.]

 

בִּפְרָט adv. NH particularly, especially. [Formed from פּֽרָט (= detail, particular) with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בֹּץ m.n. mud, mire, silt (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 38:22).

    Related to Akka. - בּוּצָא (= mud), Arab. baḍḍa (= oozy place), and to Heb. בִּצָּה (q.v.).] [Derived from בצץ (= to exude). Derivatives: בִּצָּה, בֻּצָּה, בֻּצִּי, מְבֻצָּץ.

 

בִּצְבּוּץ m.n. NH breaking out (of sweat), bursting forth, seeping. [Verbal n. of בִּצְבֵּץ. See בצבץ.]

 

בצבץ to squeeze out, exude.

    — Pilp. - בִּצְבֵּץ it broke out (said of a sweat), burst forth, oozed. [Pilp. of בצץ. For other Pilp. forms derived from ע״ע verbs cp. בזבז and verbs there referred to. cp. also פעפע (= to bubble; to pierce, to penetrate).]

 

בִּצָּה f.n. swamp, marsh. [Related to בֹּץ, and to JAram. בִּצָּא (= swamp, marsh). cp. בּוֹצִיץ.] Derivatives: בִּצִּית, בִּצָּנִי.

 

בֻּצָּה f.n. NH sludge. [Formed from בֹּץ with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בִּצּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 compromise. NH 2 achievement, realization, performance. [Verbal n. of בִּצַּע, Pi. of בצע ᴵ.] Derivative: בִּצּוּעִי.

 

בִּצּוּעִי adj. pertaining to achievement or performance. [Formed from בִּצּוּעַ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בָּצוּר ᴵ adj. fortified. [Pass. part. of בָּצַר. See בצר ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

בָּצוּר ᴵᴵ adj. PBH gathered (said of grapes). [Pass. part. of בָּצַר. See בצר ᴵ.]

 

בִּצּוּר m.n. PBH NH 1 fortifying. NH 2 fortification, stronghold. [Verbal n. of בִּצֵּר (= he fortified), Pi. of בצר ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

בְּצַוְתָּא adv. PBH in company, together. [Formed from צַוְתָּא (= society, company). with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בֻּצִּי adj. NH swampy, marshy. [Formed from בֹּץ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בָּצִיל m.n. NH gathering of onions. [Formed from בָּצָל (= onion), on the analogy of words like קָצִיר (= harvesting, harvest), בָּצִיר (= vintage), etc.]

 

בָּצִילוּס m.n. FW bacillus. [Late L. bacillus (= a little staff), dimin. of baculum (= stick, staff), which is cogn. with Gk. baktron (= staff), bakterion (= a little staff). See בַּקְטֶרְיָה.]

 

בְּצִיעָה f.n. MH cutting, slicing (of bread). [Verbal n. of בָּצַע. See בצע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בָּצִיק adj. NH doughlike. [From בָּצֵק (= dough).]

 

בְּצִיקָה f.n. NH swelling, rising. [Verbal n. of בָּצַק. See בצק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בָּצִיר m.n. vintage. [From בצר ᴵ.]

 

בְּצִירָה f.n. PBH vintaging. [Verbal n. of בָּצַר. See בצר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בִּצִּית f.n. PBH a small boat (used in shallow water). [Formed from בִּצָּה with suff. ◌ִית. cp. בּוּצִית.]

 

בָּצָל m.n. onion (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 11:5 in the pl.). [Related to Aram. בּוּצְלָא and בַּצֽלָא, Syr. בֶּצְלָא, Arab. baṣal, Ethiop. baṣal, and prob. also to Akka. biṣru (= onion). These words prob. mean lit. ‘peeling (plant)’ and are related to Arab. baṣala, Ethiop. baṣala (= he stripped the bark off). cp. פצל.] Derivatives: בצל, בָּצִיל, בְּצָלִי, בַּצְלִית, בְּצַלְצַל, בְּצַלְצוּל.

 

בצל to grow like a bulb.

    — Pi. - בִּצֵּל MH 1 he grew like a bulb; NH 2 he flavored with onions.

    — Pu. - בֻּצַּל was flavored with onions.

    — Hiph. - הִבְצִיל it grew like a bulb. [Denominated from בָּצָל.] Derivative: מְבֻצָּל.

 

בַּצְלִית f.n. NH chive. [Formed from בָּצָל with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בְּצַלְצוּל PBH, בְּצַלְצַל NH m.n. 1 small onion, shallot. 2 small bulb, bulblet. [Formed from בָּצָל (= onion), through reduplication of the second and third radical of the stem.]

 

בִּצָּנִי adj. NH swampy, marshy. [Formed from בִּצָּה with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: בִּצָּנִית.

 

בִּצָּנִית f.n. NH sandpiper. [Properly subst. use of the f. of בִּצָּנִי and lit. meaning ‘a marshy (bird)’.]

 

בצע ᴵ to cut off, to tear.

    — Qal - בָּצַע 1 he cut off, broke; PBH 2 he broke (bread); PBH 3 he arbitrated, compromised.

    — Pi. - בִּצַּע 1 he achieved, accomplished, completed, realized; 2 he cut off; PBH 3 he arbitrated, compromised.

    — Pu. - בֻּצַּע was achieved, was accomplished, was completed.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּצַּע (of s.m.). [JAram. בּֽצַע (= he broke bread), Ugar. bṣ‘ (= to tear), Arab. baḍa‘a (= he cut to pieces), OSArab. בצע (= to kill).] Derivatives: בִּצּוּע, בְּצִיעָה, בֶּצַע, הִתְבַּצְּעוּת, מִבְצָע, מְבַצֵּעַ, מְבֻצָּע, מַבְצֵעָה.

 

בצע ᴵᴵ to be greedy.

    — Qal - בָּצַע was greedy.

    — Pi. - בִּצַּע he gained by violence, oppressed. [Denominated from בֶּצַע.]

 

בֶּֽצַע m.n. gain (esp. unjust gain). [From בצע ᴵ. hence lit. meaning ‘cutting off’. For sense development cp. Gk. kerdos (= gain, profit, advantage), from keirein (= to cut short).] Derivative: בצע ᴵᴵ.

 

בְּצָעִים pl. tantum PBH shallow water. [Of uncertain origin. It is perhaps related to בִּצָּה (= swamp, marsh).]

 

בצץ to squeeze out, exude.

    — Qal - בָּצַץ it squeezed out, exuded.

    — Pilp. (see . - בצבץ .) [Related to Arab. baṣṣa (= it squeezed out, exuded).]

 

בצק to swell.

    — Qal - בָּצַק it swelled, became swollen.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּצֵּק it became swollen. [cp. Arab. baṣqa (= an elevated region covered with volcanic stones); cp. the place name בָּצְקַת, Jos. 15:39, Kin. II 22:1.] Derivatives: בָּצִיק, בָּצֵק, בַּצֶּקֶת, הִתְבַּצְּקוּת, תַּבְצִיק.

 

בָּצֵק m.n. dough. [Lit.: ‘that which swells’. From בצק. cp. צִקְלוֹן. cp. also the second element in תַּבְצֵק.] Derivative: בְּצֵקִי.

 

בְּצֵקִי adj. NH doughy, pasty. [Formed from בָּצֵק with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בְּצֵקִיּוּת.

 

בְּצֵקִיּוּת f.n. NH pastiness. [Formed from בְּצֵקִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּצֶּקֶת f.n. NH edema (disease). [Formed from בצק according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

בצר ᴵ to gather (grapes).

    — Qal - בָּצַר he gathered (grapes).

    — Niph. - נִבְצַר 1 was gathered (said of grapes); 2 was cut off, was destroyed. [Aram.–Syr. בְּצַר (= he gathered grapes), Akka. baṣāru (= to cut into pieces), PN buṣṣruru (= cripple).] Derivatives: בּוֹצֵר, בָּצוּר ᴵᴵ, בָּצִיר, בְּצִירָה, מַבֽצֵרָה.

 

בצר ᴵᴵ to lessen, to humble.

    — Qal - בָּצַר he humbled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 76:13). [JAram. and Syr. בְּצַר, Mand. בצר (= he took away, subtracted, lessened). Barth connects this base with Arab. baraḍa (= were few).] Derivative: בַּצֹרֶת.

 

בצר ᴵᴵᴵ to make inaccessible (esp. by fortifying). (cp. Arab. baẓira (= was inaccessible).]

    — Niph. - נִבְצַר was made inaccessible, was made impossible.

    — Pi. - בִּצֵּר he made inaccessible (by fortifying), fortified.

    — Pu. - בֻּצַּר 1 was fortified; 2 was enclosed.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּצֵּר 1 was set apart; NH 2 he enclosed himself; NH 3 he strengthened himself. Derivatives: בָּצוּר ᴵ, בִּצּוּר, בֶּצֶר ᴵᴵ, בָּצְרָה, בִּצָּרוֹן ᴵ, בִּצָּרוֹן ᴵᴵ, תַּבְצוּר, הִתְבַּצְּרוּת, מְבֻצָּר, מִבְצָר.

 

בֶּֽצֶר ᴵ m.n. ore (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 22:24). [Of uncertain etymology.]

 

בֶּֽצֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. strength. [This meaning is based on בּֽצָרֶיךָ, a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 22:25, and usually rendered ‘thy strength’. Derived from בצר ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

בָּצְרָה f.n. sheepfold (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Micah 2:12). [Formed from בצר ᴵᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בִּצָּרוֹן ᴵ m.n. fortress, stronghold (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 9:12 in the form לֽבִצָּרוֹן). [Formed from בצר ᴵᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בִּצָּרוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH drought. [Formed from בצר ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן. Related to בַּצֹּרֶת.]

 

בַּצֹּֽרֶת f.n. drought, scarcity. [Formed from בצר ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

בִּצָּתִי adj. NH swampy, marshy. [Formed from בִּצָּה (= swamp, marsh), with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּק see בַּקָּה.

 

בֶּק m.n. FW bey. [Turkish beg. cp. ‘beg’ (n.), and ‘bey’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בקא to become an expert.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּקֵּא he became an expert, became versed. [Back formation from בָּקִיא (= expert).]

 

בַּקְבּוּק m.n. bottle. [Of imitative origin. cp. Syr. בַּגְבּוּגָא (= narrow-necked jug), Arab. baqbaqa (= gurgling noise), which are also imitative. cp. בִּקְבּוּק. cp. also צַרְצוּר ᴵ.]

 

בִּקְבּוּק m.n. NH gurgling sound, gurgle. [Verbal n. of בִּקְבֵּק; see בקבק.]

 

בַּקְבּוּקוֹן m.n. NH 1 a small bottle. 2 Rapistrum (botany); so called because its fruit resembles a tiny bottle. [Formed from בַּקְבּוּק with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בַּקְבּוּקִיָּה f.n. NH bottle holder. [Formed from בַּקֽבּוּק with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

בקבק to gurgle.

    — Pilp. - בִּקְבֵּק it gurgled. [Denominated from בַּקְבּוּק.]

 

בַּקָּה PBH, בַּק MH gnat. [Aram. בַּקָּא, Syr. בָּקָא. Related to Arab. baqq, baqqa (= bedbug, chinch).]

 

בָּקֽוּעַ adj. PBH split, cleft. [Pass. part. of בָּקַע. See בקע.]

 

בִּקְּוּעַ m.n. PBH splitting. [Verbal n. of בִּקַּע, Pi. of בקע.]

 

בָּקוּק adj. MH empty. [Pass. part. of בָּקַק. See בקק.] Derivative: בְּקִיקוּת.

 

בִּקּוּר m.n. PBH 1 visit, call. 2 visitation. 3 examination, investigation. [Verbal n. of בִּקֵּר (= he visited), Pi. of בקר ᴵ.]

 

בִּקּוּשׁ m.n. NH demand. [Verbal n. of בִּקֵּשׁ (= he sought), Pi. of בקשׁ.]

 

בַּקְטֶרְיָה f.n. FW bacterium. [Modern L. bacterium, coined by the German naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg in 1838 from Gk. bakterion (= a little staff), which is related to baktron (= staff), whence also L. baculum (= rod, stick, staff). cp. בָּצִילוּס. cp. also בַּקָּלָה.]

 

בַּקְטֶרְיוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW bacteriology. [Compounded of bakterion (see בַּקְטֶרְיָה) and – logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה.]

 

בָּקִי, בָּקִיא adj. PBH expert, learned, skilled. [Related to Aram.–Syr. בְּקָא (= he searched, proved, examined), Arab. baqā (= he observed.] Derivatives: בְּקִיאוּת, בקא. cp. בָּקִיעַ ᴵᴵ.

 

בִּקְיָא, בַּקְיָא, בִּקְיָה, בַּקְיָה f.n. PBH vetch. [Gk. bikion, from L. vicia (= vetch), which prob. derives from IE *wei-q-, enlargement of base *wei– (= to bend, to twist), whence L. viere (= to bend, to twist), vītio (= vine). See ‘withy’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘vetch’ ibid.]

 

בְּקִיאוּת f.n. MH expertness, skill, proficiency. [Formed from בָּקִי with suff. ◌וּת. The word בְּקִיאוּת was coined by Rashi (1040–1105).]

 

בְּקִֽיעַ m.n. breach, fissure, gap. [From בקע.]

 

בָּקִֽיעַ ᴵ adj. NH cleavable. [Coined from בָּקַע (see בקע), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: בְּקִיעוּת.

 

בָּקִֽיעַ ᴵᴵ adj. PBH expert, learned, skilled. [A secondary form of בָּקִיא. For the interchangeability of א and ע see the introductory entry to letter א.]

 

בְּקִיעָה f.n. PBH cleaving, splitting; fissure. [Verbal n. of בָּקַע; see בקע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּקִיעוּת f.n. NH cleavability. [Formed from בָּקֽיעַ ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּקִיקוּת f.n. NH emptiness. [Formed from בקק with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּקָּלָה m.n. FW codfish. [Sp. bacalao, from L. baculum (= a stick, a staff). See בַּקְטֶרְיָה.]

 

בָּקֶלִיט m.n. FW bakelite. [Named after its inventor, the Dutchman Leo Hendrik Baekeland. For the ending see subst. suff. ‘–ite’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בקע to cleave, break open.

    — Qal - בָּקַע 1 he cleft, split, broke, opened; 2 he cut a way through; 3 it burst through.

    — Niph. - נִבְקַע 1 was cleft, was split, was rent; 2 was hatched; 3 was broken into.

    — Pi. - בִּקַּע 1 he cleft, cut through, broke open; 2 he tore to pieces.

    — Pu. - בֻּקַּע 1 was split, was burst, was cut through.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּקַּע was cleft, was rent, was burst.

    — Hiph. - הִבְקִיעַ 1 he took by storm, took by assault, broke through, forced his way.

    — Hoph. - הָבְקַע was taken by storm, was broken through. [Aram. בְּקַע, JAram. and Syr. פְּקֵע (= it burst, exploded), Ugar. bq‘ (= to cleave, to split), Arab. faqa‘a (= he knocked out, it burst, exploded), baqi‘a (= differing from), ba‘aqa, ba‘aja (= it cleft, split), Ethiop. ’abaqawa (= he opened wide his mouth). cp. the related base פקע.] Derivatives: בָּקוּעַ, בִּקּוּעַ, בָּקִיעַ ᴵ, בְּקִיעַ, בְּקִיעָה, בֶּקַע ᴵ, בֶּקַע ᴵᴵ, בְּקַעַת, הַבְקָעָה, הִבָּקְעוּת, הִתְבַּקֽעוּת, מִבְקָע, מִבְקָּע.

 

בֶּֽקַע ᴵ m.n. MH split, rift, crevice; fraction, fragment, part. [From בקע. cp. בקע.]

 

בֶּֽקַע ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH ‘Bekah’ — half a shekel (in ancient times). [Lit.: ‘fragment, part’. See בֶּקַע ᴵ.]

 

בִּקְעָה m.n. breach, cleaving, valley. [Prob. not derived from בֶּקֵע (= cleft, broke open). Related to Aram. בִּקֽעָא, Syr. פְּקַעֽתָּא, Arab. buq‘a (= valley, plain). cp. בִּקְעִית. cp. also בִּקְתָּה.]

 

בִּקְעִית f.n. NH vallecula (anatomy). [Lit.: ‘a little valley’. Formed from בִּקְעָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִית, as loan translation of Medical L. valleculla (= little valley).]

 

בְּקַעַת f.n. PBH piece of wood, splinter. [From בקע with suff. ◌ַת.]

 

בקק to be empty.

    — Qal - בָּקַק he emptied, destroyed, laid waste.

    — Niph. - נָבַק was emptied, was destroyed, was laid waste.

    — Pol. - בּוֹקֵק he emptied, destroyed, laid waste.

    — Hithpol. - הִתְבּוֹקֵק was destroyed, was laid waste, emptied. [Arab. baqqa (= he cleft, split), Syr., prob. also Aram.–Syr. בְּקִיק (= rotten), Syr. בַּק (= was worm-eaten, decayed). cp. the related base בוק.] Derivatives: בּוֹקֵק, בָּקוּק, בַּקֶּקֶת, הִתְבּוֹקֽקוּת.

 

בַּקֶּקֶת f.n. NH fruit disease (causing premature dropping of unripe fruit). [Formed from בקק, according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

בקר ᴵ to cleave, split.

    — Pi. - בִּקֵּר 1 he sought, examined; 2 he distinguished, differentiated; 3 visited, attended; NH 4 he criticized, reviewed, censured.

    — Pu. - בֻּקַּר PBH 1 was inquired into, was examined; NH 2 was criticized, was reviewed, was censured.

    — Nith. - נִתְבַּקֵּר PBH 1 was inquired into, was examined; NH 2 was visited. [Arab. baqara (= he cleft, split), BAram. בַּקַּר (= he examined, investigated), Aram.–Syr. בקר (of s.m.), Ethiop. baqala (= he examined, he punished). From the orig. meaning prob. developed the meaning ‘to break forth’ (said of the dawn and of light), ‘to examine thoroughly, scrutinize’. cp. Nab. מבקרא, the title of a priest.] Derivatives: בֹּקֶר, בִּקּוּר, בַּקָּר ᴵᴵ, בַּקָּרָה, בַּקְּרָן, בִּקֹּרֶת, מְבַקֵּר, מְבֻקָּר. cp. בָּקָר.

 

בקר ᴵᴵ to abandon.

    — Hiph. - הִבְקִיר he abandoned.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְקַר was abandoned. [A collateral form of פקר.]

 

בֹּֽקֶר m.n. morning. [Prob. from בקר ᴵ (= to cleave, split), and properly denoting the breaking through (of daylight). It is also possible that בֹּקֶר is related to Arab. bukra (= morning) and derives from בכר.]

 

בָּקָר m.n. cattle, herd, oxen. [Related to Arab. baqar, baqara, Aram.–Syr. בַּקֽרָא, בַּקְרְתָא (= herd). These words prob. derive from בקר (= to split, to plow), and lit. mean ‘the plowing animal’.] Derivatives: בּוֹקֵר, בַּקָּר ᴵ, בַּקְרוּת, בְּקָרִי.

 

בַּקָּר ᴵ m.n. PBH cowherd. [Nomen opificis formed from בָּקָר (= herd) according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

בַּקָּר ᴵᴵ m.n. NH critic, reviewer. [Nomen opificis formed from בִּקִּר (= he reviewed), Pi. of בקר, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

בַּקָּרָה f.n. 1 examination (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 34:12). NH 2 control, check. [Properly subst. use of the inf. of בִּקִּר (= he examined), Pi. of בקר ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. Other such Pi. infinitives provided with the f. suff. ◌ָה are בַּקָּשָׁה, בֶּהָלָה, נֶאָצָה, נֶחָמָה.]

 

בְּקָרוֹב adv. shortly, soon. [Formed from קָרוֹב (= near) with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּקֵרוּב adv. MH nearly, approximately. [Formed from קֵרוּב (= nearness) with pref. בּֽ◌.]

 

בַּקְרוּת f.n. PBH 1 cattle yard. 2 herd of cattle. [Formed from בָּקָר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּקָרִי adj. MH of cattle, bovine. [Formed from בָּקָר with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּקְּרָן m.n. NH criticizer; censorious person. [Formed from בִּקֵּר, Pi. of בקר ᴵ), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: בַּקּֽרָנוּת, בַּקּֽרָנִי.

 

בַּקְּרָנוּת f.n. NH criticism. [Formed from בַּקּֽרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּקְּרָנִי adj. NH criticizing; censorious. [Formed from בַּקְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּקֹּֽרֶת f.n. 1 inquiry, investigation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 19:20). NH 2 criticism, review. NH 3 censorship. [Formed from בִּקֵּר, Pi. of בקר ᴵ, with suff. ◌ֶת.] Derivatives: בִּקָּרְתִּי, בִּקָּרְתָּן.

 

בִּקָּרְתִּי adj. NH critical, censorious. [Formed from בִּקֹּרֶת with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּקָּרְתִּיּוּת f.n. NH criticism, censoriousness. [Formed from בִּקָּרֽתִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּקָּרְתָּן m.n. NH critic. [Formed from בִּקֹּרֶת with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בקש to ask, to quest, to search.

    — Pi. - בִּקֵּשׁ 1 he searched, sought; 2 he begged, prayed; 3 he intended, aimed to.

    — Pu. - בֻּקַּשׁ was sought, was searched.

    — Nith. - נִתְבַּקֵּשׁ he was asked, was summoned. [Phoen. בקש, Ugar. bqṯ. Gesenius and several other scholars connect this base with Aram.–Syr. בּֽחַשׁ, Mand. בּכשׁ (= he strived, agitated), Arab. baḥata (= he searched, examined. See בחשׁ.] Derivatives: בִּקּוּשׁ, בַּקָּשָׁה, בַּקְּשָׁן, הִתְבַּקְּשׁוּת, מֽבַקֵּשׁ, מֽבֻקָּשׁ.

 

בַּקָּשָׁה f.n. 1 request, entreaty. 2 wish, desire. [Prob. subst. use of the inf. of בִּקֵּשׁ (= he prayed, requested), Pi. of בקשׁ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. For other such Pi. infinitives see בַּקָּרָה and cp. words there referred to.]

 

בַּקְשִׁישׁ m.n. FW ‘baksheesh’ (a gratuity; a tip). [Persian bakshīsh (= lit.: ‘gift’), a derivative of the verb bakhshidan (= to give), from IE base *bhag– (= to distribute, share out).]

 

בַּקְּשָׁן m.n. NH an importunate person. [Formed from בִּקֵּשׁ, Pi. of בקש, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: בַּקְּשָׁנִי.

 

בַּקְּשָׁנִי adj. NH importunate. [Formed from בַּקְּשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בִּקְתָּה f.n. PBH hut, cottage. [JAram. בִּקֽתָּא (= valley, hole; hovel, hut), contraction of בִּקֽעֲתָא (= valley), which is related to Heb. בִּקֽעָה.]

 

בַּר ᴵ m.n. (pl. בָּנִים) son [Borrowed from Aram. for בֵּן (q.v.). cp. first element in בַּרְיוֹם.]

 

בַּר ᴵᴵ, בָּר m.n. threshed grain or corn. [From ברר ᴵ (= to purify, select). cp. Arab. burr, Soqotri bor (= wheat), Mahri ber, Ḥarsusi berr (= corn, maize, wheat).]

 

בַּר ᴵᴵᴵ adj. pure, clean. [Akka. barr (= pure), Arab. barr (= just, pious, innocent), Ugar. br (= clean, pure). Related to ברר ᴵ.]

 

בַּר ᴵⱽ, בָּר m.n. open field (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 39:4). [cp. BAram. בָּרָא, JAram. בָּרָא, בַּר (= open field), Syr. בָּרָא (= open field), Aram.–Syr. בּוּר (= to lie uncultivated), Arab. barr (= open country, inland, continent), Akka. barru, bāru (= open country).]

 

בַּר ⱽ m.n. PBH exterior, outside. [Either a loan word from Aram. בַּר, בָּרָא (= outside), or a semantic development from בַּר ᴵⱽ (= open field), under the Aramaic influence. See ברר ᴵ (= to set apart, separate, select). cp. בָּרַיֽתָא, first element in בְּרַם and second element in מִלֽבַר.]

 

בַּר ⱽᴵ adv. PBH outside of (used only in the phrase בַּר מִן, ‘outside of, except’, and MH בַּר מָנַּן, ‘excluding us’). [From בַּר ⱽ.]

 

בַּר ⱽᴵᴵ m.n. FW bar. [Eng. bar, from bar (= rod), from Middle Eng. barre, from Fren. barre, from Late L. barra, which is perhaps a loan word from ancient Germanic languages. The Germanic word goes back to IE *bhoros (= segment, cut wood, plank, board), whence L. forus (= the gangway of a ship). See פוֹרוּם.]

 

בֹּר ᴵ m.n. cleanness, purity. [From בַּר ᴵᴵᴵ. See ברר ᴵ.]

 

בֹּר ᴵᴵ m.n. lye, alkali, potash. [From ברר ᴵ, hence of same origin as בֹּר ᴵ. cp. בֹּרִית.]

 

בְּרָא m.n. son. [Aram. and Syr. emphatic state of בַּר ᴵ (= son).]

 

ברא ᴵ to create.

    — Qal - בָּרָא he created, shaped.

    — Niph. - נִבְרָא was created. [cp. Aram., Syr. בּֽרָא (= to create), OSArab. (= to found, build), מברא (= building, structure), Mahri bere (= to bear a child). Arab. bara’a (= to create) is an Aram. loan word.]

 

ברא ᴵᴵ to be fat.

    — Hiph. - הִבְרִיא 1 he made fat; PBH 2 he recovered (from illness), recuperated; PBH 3 he became fat; MH 4 he made healthy. [Arab. bari’a (= to recover from disease), JAram. בְּרָא, בְּרִי (= to get well, strong). cp. the related base מרא ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: בֹּרִי, בָּרִיא, בְּרִיאוּת, בַּרְיוּת, הַבֽרָאָה ᴵ, מִבְרָאָה, מַבְרִיא.

 

ברא ᴵᴵᴵ to cut down (a forest).

    — Pi. - בֵּרָא he cut down (a forest).

    — Pu. - בֹּרָא was cut down, was cleared (said of a forest). [Arab. barā (= he hewed with an axe).] Derivative: בֵּרוּא.

 

בְּרֵאשִׁית ᴵ adv. PBH 1 Genesis — name of the first book of the Pentateuch. 2 In the beginning. [Formed from רֵאשִׁית (= beginning) with pref. בְּ◌.]

 

בְּרֵאשִׁית ᴵᴵ m.n. NH primeval period, creation. [Nominalization of the adv. בְּרֵאשִׁית (= in the beginning).]

 

בְּרֵאשִׁיתִי adj. NH primeval, primordial. [Formed from בְּרֵאשִׁית ᴵᴵ with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּרְבּוּר m.n. 1 an identified bird in the Bible (a hapax legomenon occurring Kin. II 5:3), usually rendered by ‘fattened fowl’. NH 2 swan. [Of uncertain origin. cp. Arab. ’abu burbur‘ (= cuckoo).]

 

בִּרְבּוּר m.n. NH prattle, babble. [Verbal n. of בִּרְבֵּר, Pi. of ברבר.]

 

בְּרַבִּי PBH son of Rabbi… [From JAram. בְּרַבִּי, which is a contraction of בֵּר רַבִּי (= son of Rabbi), and of בַּי רַבִּי (= from the house of the rabbi). See בַּר ᴵ, בֵּי and רַבִּי.]

 

ברבר to babble, to prattle.

    — Pi. - בִּרֽבֵּר he babbled, prattled. [Of imitative origin.] Derivative: בִּרְבּוּר.

 

בַּרְבָּר m.n. PBH barbarian. [Gk. barbaros (= non-Greek, foreign, barbarous), from IE base *barb– (= to stammer, stutter, unintelligible).] Derivative: בַּרְבָּרִי.

 

בַּרְבָּרִי adj. PBH barbarian (adj.). [Formed from בַּרְבָּר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: בַּרֽבָּרִיּוּת, בַּרְבָּרִיזֽם.

 

בַּרְבָּרִיּוּת f.n. NH barbarity, barbarism. [Formed from בַּרְבָּרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּרְבָּרִיזְם m.n. FW barbarism. [Formed from בַּרֽבָּרִי with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

 

בֹּֽרֶג m.n. NH screw. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) as a loan word from Arab. burġiyy, which itself is a loan word from Turkish burgu (of s.m.).] Derivatives: ברג, בָּרְגִּי, תַּבֽרוֹג, and second element in סַבֹּרֶג.

 

ברג to screw.

    — Qal - בָּרַג he screwed.

    — Niph. - נִבְרַג was screwed.

    — Pi. - בֵּרַג he unscrewed.

    — Pu. - בֹּרַג was unscrewed.

    — Hith. - הִתְבָּרֵג was screwed.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽרִיג he screwed.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽרַג was screwed. [Denominated from בֹּרֶג.] Derivatives: הֶבְרֵג, הַבֽרָגָה, הִתֽבָּרְגוּת, מַבֽרֵג, מֻבֽרָג, מְבֹרָג, מַבְרֵגָה, תברג, תִּבְרֹגֶת, תַּבֽרִיג.

 

בֻּרְגּוּל, בֻּרְגּוֹל m.n. NH wheat groats. [Loan from Arab. burgul.]

 

בְּרֹֽגֶז adv. NH in quarrel, not on speaking terms. [Semantic development from Biblical Heb. בְּרֹגֶז (formed from רֹגֶז, ‘anger’ with pref. בּֽ◌, ‘in’). This semantic change occurred in Yiddish, where בְּרֹגֶז was used as a loan word, and then reborrowed by NH.] Derivative: ברגז.

 

ברגז to not be on speaking terms with (slang).

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּרְגֵּז he was not on speaking terms. [Back formation from בּֽרֹגֶז.]

 

בָּרְגִּי adj. NH spiral. [Formed from בֹּרֶג with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בָּרְגִּיּוּת.

 

בָּרְגִּיּוּת f.n. NH spirality. [Formed from בָּרְגִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בֻּרְגָּן m.n. PBH turret, military post, inn for travelers. [Loan from Aram. בּוּרְגַן, בּוּרְגֽנָא, from Gk. pyrgos (= tower) — whence L. burgus (= castle, fort), — which was borrowed from some other IE language, perhaps Pelasgian, and related to Ger. burg (= city, tower), and Eng. borough. See ‘borough’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: בֻּרְגָּנִי ᴵ.

 

ברגן to become bourgeois.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּרְגֵּן he became bourgeois. [Denominated from בֻּרֽגָּנִי ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: הִתֽבַּרֽגְּנוּת.

 

בֻּרְגָּנוּת f.n. NH bourgeoisie. [Formed from בֻּרֽגָּנִי ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בֻּרְגָּנִי ᴵ m.n. PBH innkeeper, host. [Formed from בֻּרְגָּן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בֻּרְגָּנִי ᴵᴵ adj. & n. NH bourgeois. [Fren. bourgeois, from bourg (= a small town), hence properly meaning ‘inhabitant of a bourg’). Bourg, burg, is of Teutonic origin. See ‘borough’ in my CEDEL and cp. בֻּרְגָּן. בֻּרְגָּנִי ᴵᴵ was influenced in form by בֻּרֽגָּנִי ᴵ.] Derivative: ברגן.

 

ברד ᴵ to be cold; to hail.

    — Qal - בָּרַד it hailed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 32:19).

    — Niph. - נִבֽרַד was covered with hail.

    — Hiph. - הִבְרִיד it covered with hail.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽרַד it showered like hail. [Arab. baruda, barada (= was cold), Akka. barrādu (= to be vexatious); base of בָּרָד.]

 

ברד ᴵᴵ to be spotted. [Syr. בָּרֽדָא, Arab. ’arbadu (= speckled); base of בָּרֹד. Gk. pardos, pardalis (= panther) are prob. Sem. loan words and lit. denote ‘the spotted animal’. cp. בַּרְדְּלָס.]

 

בָּרָד m.n. hail, hailstone. [From ברד ᴵ. cp. Aram.–Syr. and Mand. בַּרֽדָּא, Arab. barad (= hail), OSArab. ברדם (= hail).]

 

בָּרֹד adj. spotted, speckled. [From ברד ᴵᴵ.]

 

בַּרְדְּלָס m.n. PBH panther. [Borrowed from Gk. pardalis (= panther), which itself is prob. a Sem. loan word. See ברד ᴵᴵ.]

 

בַּרְדָּס m.n. PBH 1 a kind of garment. NH 2 hood, cowl. Derivative: מֽבֻרְדָּס.

 

בַּרְדַּק m.n. FW (vulg.) ‘snafu’, confusion, turmoil. [Turkish, originally meaning ‘brothel’.]

 

ברה ᴵ to recover, restore, eat bread.

    — Qal - בָּרָה he ate, fed.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽרָה 1 he gave to eat, fed; 2 he served a mourner with food after the funeral.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽרָה he was fed. [Arab. bari’a (= he became free from disease, he recovered from illness), Akka. barū (= to eat one’s fill), whence ushtabarri (= to be satiated), whence prob. Syr. אֶסְתַּבַּר (= he ate, fed on).] Derivatives: בָּרוּת, בָּרוֹת, בִּרְיָה, הַבְרָאָה, הַבְרָיָה, perhaps also בְּרִית.

 

ברה ᴵᴵ to choose.

    — Qal - בָּרָה he chose (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 17:8). Possible derivative: בְּרִית. [Prob. a secondary form of ברר.]

 

בְּרַהְמִין m.n. FW Brahman, Brahmin. [Old I. bráhman (neuter) (= prayer, the universal soul; the Absolute), Brahmán (m.) (= the chief god of Hindu religion). Of uncertain origin; possibly related to Old I. brhánt– (= high), from IE base *bherĝh– (= high). See ‘borough’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בָּרוּא m.n. PBH creature. [Subst. use of the pass. part. of בָּרָא. See ברא ᴵ.]

 

בֵּרוּא m.n. NH cutting down a forest. [Verbal n. of בֵּרָא. See ברא ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

בָּרוֹגְרָף m.n. FW barograph. [Compounded of Gk. baras (= weight), and – graphos, from the stem of graphein (= to write). Gk. baros derives from IE base *ger– (= heavy), whence also L. gravis (= heavy, weighty). For the etymology of Gk. graphein see גּֽרָף. cp. בְּרוּטָלִי. cp. also גּֽרָבִיטַצְיָה and the first element in בָּרוֹמֶטֶר.]

 

בָּרוּד m.n. NH gunpowder, explosion. [Arab. bārūd (= saltpeter; gunpowder).]

 

בֵּרוּז m.n. NH tapping. [Verbal n. of בֵּרַז (= he tapped), Pi. of ברז.]

 

בַּרְוָז m.n. NH drake, duck. [Contraction of בַּר אַוָּז, from Aram. בַּר אַוְזָא (= drake, duck; lit.: ‘son of a gander’). See בַּר (= son), and אַוָּז.] Derivatives: בַּרְוָזָה, בַּרֽוָזוֹן, בַּרְוָזִיָּה, בַּרֽוָזָן.

 

בַּרְוָזָה f.n. NH duck. [Formed from בַּרֽוָז with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בַּרְוָזוֹן m.n. NH duckling. [Formed from בַּרֽוָז with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

בַּרְוָזִיָּה f.n. NH duck roost. [Formed from בַּרֽוָז with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

בַּרְוָזָן m.n. NH duckbill. [Formed from בַּרֽוָז with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

בְּרוּטוֹ m.n. FW brutto. [It. brutto, from Vul. L. bruttus (= raw), from L. brūtus. See בּֽרוּטָלִי.]

 

בְּרוּטָלִי adj. FW brutal. [From L. brūtus (= heavy, dull, stupid). See בּֽרוּטוֹ.]

 

בָּרוּךְ adj. blessed. [Pass. part. Qal of ברך ᴵᴵ. cp. בְּרִיךְ.]

 

בְּרוֹם ᴵ m.n. colored cloth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 27:24 in the pl. בְּרֹמִים). [Prob. a loan word from Akka. birmu, burrumu (= many-colored cloth), whence prob. also Arab. barim (= string twisted of white and black strands), mubran (= many-colored stuff).]

 

בְּרוֹם ᴵᴵ m.n. FW bromine (chemistry). [Fren. brome (= bromine), coined by its discoverer, the French chemist Antoine Jérôme Balard (1802–76) from Gk. bramos (= noisome smell), identical with bromos (= any loud noise), which is related to bremein (= to clash, roar), bronte (= thunder), from *brem–, a variant of IE base *bhrem, whence L. fremere (= to roar, resound, murmur).]

 

בָּרוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW barometer. [Compounded of Gk. baros (= weight), and metron (= measure). See בָּרוֹגֽרָף and מֶטֶר.]

 

בָּרוֹן m.n. FW baron. [Old Fren. and Fren. baron, oblique case of ber, from L. barō, genitive baronis, which is of Teutonic origin. cp. Ger. baro (= man; properly ‘warrior’). All these words prob. derive from IE base *bher– (= to bear, carry). See אֲנָפוֹרָה and cp. בָּרוֹנֶט.]

 

בְּרוֹנְזָה f.n. FW bronze. [Fren. bronze, from It. bronzo, bronzino, ultimately from Pers. birinj.]

 

בְּרוּנֶט adj. FW brunette. [Fren. brunet (= brownish), dimin. of brun (= brown), of Teutonic origin, enlarged with n from IE base *bher– (= shining brown). cp. ‘brown’ in my CEDEL. For the ending ‘– et’ see suff. ‘–et’ ibid.]

 

בָּרוֹנֶט m.n. FW baronet. [Fren. baronet, formed from baron (see בָּרוֹן) with dimin. suff. – et (see suff. ‘–et’ in my CEDEL).]

 

בֶּרוֹנִיקָה f.n. FW Veronica, a genus of plants. [Prob. named after St. Veronica, a name derived from Gk. Berenike, var. of pherenike (= lit.: ‘bringer of victory’), from pherein (= to bring), and vike (= victory). For the first element see אֲנָפוֹרָה. The second element is prob. related to Gk. veikos (= quarrel, strife), veikein (= to quarrel with). See ‘Berenice’ and Veronica’ in my CEDEL.]

 

בְּרוֹנְכִיטִיס m.n. FW bronchitis. [Medical L. bronchītis, coined by Charles Bedham in 1808 from bronchus (= windpipe), from Gk. bronchos, and suff. – ītis. Gk. bronchos is prob. related to bronchothos (= throat).]

 

בָּרוּץ adj. NH overflowing. [Pass. part. of בָּרַץ. See ברץ.]

 

בֵּרוּץ m.n. PBH overflowing, surplus. [Verbal n. of בֵּרֵץ (= it overflowed), Pi. of ברץ.]

 

בָּרוֹק m.n. FW [Fren. baroque, not from Portuguese barroco (= irregularly shaped pearl), as generally assumed, but from the name of the founder of the baroque style, Federigo Barocci (1528–1612).]

 

בָּרוּר ᴵ adj. 1 chosen. 2 clear, distinct, evident, certain. [Pass. part. of בָּרַר. See ברר ᴵ.]

 

בָּרוּר ᴵᴵ adj. sharpened. [Pass. part. Qal of ברר ᴵᴵ.]

 

בֵּרוּר m.n. MH 1 clarification. PBH 2 examination. PBH 3 consideration. [Verbal n. of בֵּרַר, Pi. of ברר ᴵ.]

 

בְּרוֹשׁ m.n. cypress. [A loan word from Akka. burāšu, whence also Aram. בְּרוֹתָא, בּֽרָאתָא, Syr. בְּרוֹתָא. Gk. brathy and L. bratus (= a kind of cypress), are Sem. loan words. cp. בְּרוֹת.]

 

בֵּרוּשׁ m.n. NH brushing up. [Verbal n. of בֵּרַשׁ (= he brushed up), Pi. of ברשׁ.]

 

בָּרוֹת m.n. food, nourishment (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 4:10). [From ברה ᴵ.]

 

בָּרוּת f.n. food (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 69:22). [Formed from ברה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּרוֹת m.n. cypress (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 1:17). [An Aram. var. of בּֽרוֹשׁ.]

 

בֶּֽרֶז m.n. NH tap, faucet, bung. [From JAram. בִּרֽזָא (= bung hole, bung), from בּֽרַז (= he bored, perforated.] Derivative: ברז.

 

ברז to drill, bore; to open the tap.

    — Qal - בָּרַז he opened the tap, tapped.

    — Pi. - בֵּרַז he drilled, bored; he opened the tap, tapped.

    — Pu. - בֹּרַז it was drilled, bored, opened (said of a tap). [Denominated from בֶּרֶז.] Derivatives: בְּרִיזָה ᴵ, הַבְרָזָה, מַבֽרֵז, מְבֹרָז.

 

ברזג to couple.

    — Pi. - בִּרְזֵל he coupled. [Formed from בַּר זוּג, בֶּן זוּג (= mate).]

 

בִּרְזוּל m.n. NH ironing, coating with iron; shoeing. [Verbal n. of בִּרְזֵל. See ברזל.]

 

בַּרְזֶל m.n. iron. [A loan word from Hitt. barzillu, whence also Akka. parzillu, Moab. and Phoen. ברזל, Ugar. bršel, Aram. and BAram. פַּרְזֶל (= iron). Arab. firzil is an Aram. loan word. L. ferrum (= iron) is a Sem. loan word. According to my opinion the loss of the Sem. ending – el, resp. – illu, is prob. due to its having been mistaken for the L. dimin. suff. – ellus, – illus, and consequently dropped. cp. ‘brass’ and ‘farrier’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: ברזל, בַּרְזִלּוֹן, בַּרֽזִלַּי, בַּרֽזִלָּן.

 

ברזל to coat with iron.

    — Pi. - בִּרְזֵל he ironed, coated with iron, he shod.

    — Pu. - בֻּרְזַל was ironed, was coated with iron, was shod. [Denominated from בַּרֽזֶל.] Derivative: בִּרְזוּל. cp. פרזל.

 

בַּרְזִלּוֹן f.n. NH Sideritis (botany). [Formed from בַּרְזֶל (= iron), with suff. ◌וֹן on the analogy of the scientific name Sideritis, from Gk. sideros (= iron). cp. the Eng. name ironwort.]

 

בַּרְזִלִּי adj. NH of iron; ferrous. [Formed from בַּרְזֶל with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּרְזִלָּן m.n. NH ironbender. [Formed from בַּרְזֶל with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: בַּרְזִלָּנוּת.

 

בַּרְזִלָּנוּת f.n. NH ironbending. [Formed from בַּרְזִלָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּרֶזֶנְט m.n. FW bresent, tarpaulin, tilt. [Eng., from Dutch bresent (of s.m.).]

 

ברח ᴵ to go through, flee.

    — Qal - בָּרַח 1 he fled; PBH 2 he eloped.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽרִיחַ 1 he caused to flee; PBH 2 he fled across the frontier, he smuggled.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְרַח PBH 1 was made to flee, was driven away; NH 2 was smuggled. [Ugar. brḥ (= to flee), Arab. bariḥa (= he went away, withdrew, fled). cp. פרח ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: בַּרְחָן, בָּרִיחַ ᴵ, בְּרִיחַ, בְּרִיחָה, הַבֽרָחָה, מִבְרָח, מֻבְרָח, מַבְרִיחַ.

 

ברח ᴵᴵ to bolt, to fasten with a bolt.

    — Qal - בָּרַח it went through (said of a bolt).

    — Hiph. - הִבֽרִיחַ he bolted, fastened with a bolt.

    — Hoph. - הֻבֽרַח was bolted, was fastened with a bolt. [Denominated from בְּרִיחַ (= bar, bolt).]

 

בַּרְחָן m.n. MH 1 bankrupt. NH 2 runaway, deserter. [Formed from ברח with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: בַּרְחָנוּת.

 

בַּרְחָנוּת f.n. NH 1 desertion. 2 escapism. [Formed from בַּרֽהָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בַּרְחָשׁ m.n. NH a kind of gnat, Lepto conops. [From Arab. barġash, which is related to Heb. פַּרְעוֹשׁ (= flea).]

 

בֶּרֶט m.n. FW beret. [Fren. béret, occasionally written also berret, from Old Gascon berret (= cap), from Late L. birrus, also birrum (= a large cloak with a hood). See בֵּרָס.]

 

בָּרִי adv. PBH surely, certainly. [Prob. shortened from בָּרִיא.]

 

בֹּֽרִי m.n. PBH 1 health, strength. 2 soundness. [From ברא ᴵᴵ.]

 

בָּרִיא adj. 1 fat. PBH 2 healthy, sound. [From ברא ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: בְּרִיאוּת.

 

בְּרִיאָה f.n. 1 creation. MH 2 the universe. [Formally, verbal n. of בָּרָא; see ברא ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. בְּרִיָּה.]

 

בְּרִיאוּת f.n. MH health. [Formed from בָּרִיא with suff. ◌וּת. cp. בַּרְיוּת.]

 

בֶּרִי־בֶּרִי m.n. FW beri-beri. [From intensifying reduplication of Singhalese beri (= weakness).]

 

בְּרִיגָדָה f.n. FW brigade. [Fren. brigade, from brigare (= to fight), from briga (= strife), which is of Gaulish origin. cp. ‘brigand’ in my CEDEL. cp. also בְּרִיגָדִיר.]

 

בְּרִיגָדִיר m.n. FW brigadier. [Fren. brigadier, from brigade (see בּֽרִיגָדָה).]

 

בְּרִידְז׳ m.n. FW bridge (the game). [First mentioned as ‘biritch’, or ‘Russian Whist’; of unknown origin.]

 

בִּרְיָה f.n. food given to a sick person. [Formed from ברה ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Lihyanite br’t (= recovery).]

 

בְּרִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 creation. 2 creature. [A secondary form of בּֽרִיאָה.]

 

בַּר־יוֹכָנִי see יוֹכָנִי.

 

בַּרְיוֹם m.n. NH ephemerid, May fly. [Compounded of בַּר (= son), and יוֹם (= day).]

 

בַּרְיוֹן m.n. FW barium — a metallic element (chemistry). [Modern L. barium, from Gk. barys (= heavy), which is related to baros (= weight). See בָּרוֹגְרָף.]

 

בִּרְיוֹן m.n. PBH terrorist, bully, hooligan. [Of uncertain origin; possibly related to Akka. barānū (= violent, impertinent, rebellious), a derivative of base barū.] Derivatives: ברין, בִּרְיוֹנוּת, בִּרְיוֹנִי.

 

בִּרְיוֹנוּת f.n. NH terrorism, hooliganism. [Formed from בִּרְיוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּרְיוֹנִי f.n. NH terroristic. [Formed from בִּרְיוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּרְיוּת f.n. PBH health. [JAram., corresponding to Heb. בְּרִיאוּת.]

 

בְּרִיזָה ᴵ f.n. NH tapping. [Verbal n. of בָּרַז. See ברז and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּרִיזָה ᴵᴵ f.n. FW breeze. [Fren. brise, prob. from Sp. brisa (= north-east wind).]

 

בָּרִֽיחַ ᴵ m.n. PBH runaway, fugitive (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 15:5). [From ברח ᴵ.]

 

בָּרִֽיחַ ᴵᴵ m.n. a noun of uncertain origin and meaning, occurring Is. 27:1 and Job 26:13 in the phrase נָחָשׁ בָּרִיחַ, which is usually rendered by ‘the slant serpent’. [cp. Ugar. ltn bṯn brḥ, corresponding to לִוְיָתָן נָחָשׁ בָּרִיהַ; (Ugar. bṯn corresponds to Heb. פֶּתֶן).]

 

בְּרִֽיחַ m.n. bar, bolt, spear. [cp. Akka. burūḥu (= spearshaft, spear).] Derivative: ברח ᴵᴵ.

 

בְּרִיחָה f.n. 1 flight, desertion. NH 2 bankruptcy. [Verbal n. of בָּרַח. See ברח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בָּרִיטוֹן m.n. FW baritone. [Gk. barytonos (= heavy-toned, low-toned), compounded of barys (= heavy), and tonos (= tone). See בָּרוֹגְרָף and טוֹן.]

 

בְּרִיטִי adj. FW British. [Eng. British, from Brettisc, Bryttisc, from Bret, pl. Brettas, which is of Celtic origin. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בְּרִיךְ adj. blessed. [BAram., pass. part. בְּרַךְ, hence equivalent to Heb. בָּרוּךְ (q.v.).]

 

בְּרִיכָה f.n. PBH 1 kneeling. 2 brood. 3 branch. [Verbal n. of בָּרַךְ (= he knelt). See ברך ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּרַיְל m.n. FW Braille. [Coined after the name of the inventor, L. Braille (1809–1852).]

 

בֶּרִילְיוּם m.n. FW beryllium (chemistry). [Modern L. beryllium, from L. bēryllus, from Gk. beryllos; so called because it was first obtained through isolation from beryl (by the French chemist Nicolas–Louis–Vauquelin in 1797).]

 

ברין to terrorize.

    — Pi. - בִּרְיֵן he terrorized.

    — Hith. - הִתֽבַּרֽיֵן he became a hooligan. [Denominated from בִּרֽיוֹן.]

 

בָּרִיקָדָה f.n. FW barricade. [Fren., from barriquer (= to barricade), from barrique (= a large barrel), from baril (= barrel). Barricade orig. meant ‘an obstruction made with barrels’.]

 

בְּרִירָה f.n. PBH selecting, selection, choice. [Verbal n. of בָּרַר. See ברר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּרֵירָה see בּֽרֵרָה.

 

בְּרִירוּת f.n. PBH 1 cleanness, purity. NH 2 clearness. 3 evidence. [Formed from בָּרוּר ᴵ (= purified; clear), with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּרִית m.n. (pl. בְּרִיתוֹת) covenant, treaty, alliance. [Of uncertain etymology. Meyer derives it from ברה ᴵ (= to eat bread); it would have been so called because in ancient times it was customary for those concluding a treaty or alliance to partake of a meal. Several scholars, with less probability, derive the noun בּֽרִית from ברה ᴵᴵ (= to choose).]

 

בֹּרִית f.n. 1 lye. NH 2 soap. [Formed from ברר ᴵ (= to purify), with suff. ◌ִית. cp. בֹּר ᴵᴵ.]

 

בָּרַיְתָא f.n. ‘Baraitha’ — Tanaitic sayings not incorporated in the Mishnah of Rabbi Judah Hannasi. [JAram., short for מַתֽנִיתָא בָּרַיְתָא (= the external Mishnah), whence later the Heb. loan translation מִשֽׁנָה חִיצַוֹנָה. בָּרַיְתָא is f. of בָּרָאָה, בָּרָיָה (= outside, external), which derives from בַּר (= outside). See בַּר V.]

 

ברך ᴵ to kneel.

    — Qal - בָּרַךְ he knelt, bent the knee.

    — Hiph. - הִבְרִיךְ he caused to kneel.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְרַךְ was made to kneel. [Denominated from בֶּרֶךְ (= knee). cp. BAram. בָּרֵךְ (= kneeling), Syr. בְּרֵךְ, Arab. and Ethiop. bāraka, OSArab. ברך (= he knelt), which are all denominated from the respective noun.] Derivatives: בְּרִיכָה, הַבְרָכָה, מֻבְרָךְ.

 

ברך ᴵᴵ to bless.

    — Qal (occurs only in the pass. part. - בָּרוּךְ , q.v.).

    — Niph. - נִבְרַךְ he blessed himself, wished himself a blessing.

    — Pi. - בֵּרַךְ 1 the blessed; 2 he greeted; 3 (euphemistically) he cursed.

    — Pu. - בֹּרַךְ was blessed.

    — Hith. - הִתְבָּרֵךְ 1 he blessed himself; 2 (pl.) they blessed each other. [Phoen. ברך (= to bless), Aram. בָּרֵךְ, Syr. בַּרֵךְ (= he blessed), Ugar. brk (= to bless), Arab. bāraka (= he blessed), Akka. karābu (= to bless — a metathesis form), Ethiop. mekrāb (= temple). M.H. Goshen, referring to the fact that parallelism of the bases brk ║ mrr is well established in Ugaritic and that mrr very prob. means ‘to strengthen’, suggests that the orig. meaning of ברך was ‘to be strong’, whence developed the meaning ‘to bless’.] Derivatives: בָּרוּךְ, בְּרָכָה, הִתְבָּרְכוּת, מְבֹרָךְ.

 

בֶּֽרֶךְ m.n. (dual בִּרְכַּיִם) knee. [cp. BAram. בְּרַךְ, Aram. בִּרְכָּא, Syr. and Mand. בּוּרְכָּא, Ethiop. berk, Ugar. dual brkm, Mahri bark, Akka. birku, burku (= knee); cp. also metathesized forms BAram. אַרֽכֻּבָּה, Aram. אַרְכֻּבְתָא, Arab. rukba (= knee). See אַרְכֻּבָּה and cp. אַבֽרֵךְ.]

 

בְּרָכָה m.n. 1 blessing, benediction. 2 congratulation. 3 gift, present. 4 (euphemistically) blasphemy. [Formed from ברך ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. JAram. בִּרְכָּא, בִּרְכְּתָא, Syr. בּוּרְכְּתָא, Mand. braka, Arab. baraka, Ethiop. barakat (= blessing), Egypt. brk (= gift).]

 

בְּרֵכָה f.n. pond, pool. [Together with Arab. birka (= pond), Ugar. brky (= puddle, pool), OSArab. ברכת (= cistern), Egypt. brkt — of unknown origin. cp. נִבְרֶכֶת.] Derivative: בְּרֵכִיָּה.

 

בְּרֵכִיָּה f.n. NH Anas plastyrhyncha (zoology). [Formed from בְּרֵכָה with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

בְּרַם adv. PBH but, however. [Aram. and BAram. contraction of בַּר מָא (= lit.: ‘except what’). See בַּר Vᴵ (= except) and מַה.]

 

בַּר־מִנַּן MH 1 except for us. 2 dead, deceased (euphemistically). [Aram., compounded of בַּר (= except for) and מִנַּן (= us).]

 

בְּרֶן m.n. FW ‘Bren’ (a kind of a machine-gun). [Abbr. of Brno (name of the town) and Enfield (name of the factory).]

 

בַּרְנָשׁ m.n. NH 1 human being. 2 guy, fellow. [From Aram. בַּר נָשׁ (= lit.: ‘son of man’), from בַּר (= son; see בַּר ᴵ), and נָשׁ, aphetic for אֱנָשׁ (= man); see אֱנוֹשׁ and cp. אֱנָשֵׁי.]

 

בֵּרָס m.n. PBH (pl. בֵּרָסִין) a heavy woolen blanket. [Gk. birros (= large cloak with a hood), from L. birrus, which is of Celtic origin. cp. בֶּרֶט.]

 

ברס to bray (said of a donkey).

    — Hiph. - הִבְרִיס it brayed (said of a donkey).] [Of uncertain origin; perhaps imitative.]

 

בֻּרְסָה see בּוּרְסָה.

 

בִּרְסוּק m.n. NH tanning. [Verbal n. of בִּרֽסֵק; see ברסק.]

 

בֻּרְסִי m.n. PBH tanner. [Gk. byrseus, from byrsa (= hide, leather), which is of uncertain origin.]

 

ברסק to tan.

    — Pi. - בִּרְסֵק he tanned.

    — Pu. - בֻּרְסַק was tanned. [Denominated from בֻּרֽסְקִי.]

 

בֻּרְסְקָאוּת f.n. NH tanning. [Formed from בֻּרֽסְקִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בֻּרְסְקִי PBH 1 tannery. PBH 2 tanner. [In sense 1 from Gk. byrsikos (= tanner), from byrsa (= hide, leather), in sense 2 from byrsike (= tannery), from byrsa. See בֻּרְסִי.]

 

ברץ to overflow.

    — Qal - בָּרַץ it overflowed.

    — Pi. - בֵּרַץ 1 he filled to overflowing, filled to the brim; 2 overflowed; was superabundant.

    — Pu. - בֹּרַץ was overflowing, was superabundant. [Prob. a secondary form of פרץ ᴵ.] Derivatives: בָּרוּץ, בֵּרוּץ, מְבֹרָץ.

 

ברק to flash (said of lightning).

    — Qal - בָּרַק it flashed, sent forth lightning.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽרִיק MH 1 it flashed, glowed, glittered; NH 2 he polished; NH 3 he telegraphed, cabled.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְרַק MH 1 was polished; NH 2 was telegraphed, was cabled.

    — Hith. - הִתְבָּרֵק 1 it flashed, glittered. [Aram.–Syr. and Mand. בּֽרַק, Arab. baraqa, Ethiop. baraqa (= it lightened), Sokotri brq, Egypt. brq (= to shine, glitter, reflect), OSArab. ברק to break forth, burst — said of grass). cp. אַבֽרֵק.] Derivatives: בָּרָק, בַּרְקִית, בָּרֶקֶת, בָּרֽקַת, הַבְרָקָה, מַבֽרִיק, מִבְרָק, מֻבְרָק, מִבְרָקָה.

 

בָּרָק m.n. 1 lightning, flash, glitter. NH 2 splendor. [From ברק, whence also JAram.–Syr., Chr.–Pal. and Egypt.–Aram. בַּרְקָא, Mand. בִּרְקָא, Ugar. brq, Arab. barq, OSArab. ברק, Akka. birqu (= lightning). Coptic ebrece is a Sem. loan word.] Derivative: בַּרְקָאִי.

 

בַּרְקַאי m.n. PBH morning star. [From בָּרָק. cp. אַבְרֵק.]

 

בַּרְקִית f.n. PBH glaucoma. [Prob. formed from ברק with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בַּרְקָן m.n. brier. [Of uncertain origin.]

 

בַּרְקָרוֹלָה f.n. FW barcarole. [It. barcarola, from barcarolo (= gondolier), a derivative of barca (= boat), from L. bārca (= a small boat bark), shortened from bārica, from Gk. baris, from Coptic barū (= boat). cp. ‘barge’ and ‘bark’ (sailing ship), in my CEDEL.]

 

בָּרֶֽקֶת f.n. a precious stone, usually identified with the emerald or with the agate. [Lit.: ‘something flashing’, from ברק. cp. Akka. barraqtu (= emerald), which is related to birqu (= lightning).]

 

בָּרְקַת f.n. secondary form of בָּרֶקָת (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 28:13).

 

ברר ᴵ to purify, select, set apart, separate.

    — Qal - בָּרַר 1 he purged, purified, cleansed; 2 he chose, selected; PBH 3 he examined, investigated, tested, proved.

    — Niph. - נָבַר or נִבֽרַר 1 he kept purified himself, was kept clean, was pure; MH 2 was separated, was selected, was chosen.

    — Hiph. - הֵבֵר 1 he purified, cleansed; PBH 2 he clarified.

    — Hiph. - הִבֽרִיר 1 he purified, cleansed; 2 he made clear, clarified.

    — Hoph. - הֻבְרַר was separated, was selected, was chosen.

    — Pi. - בֵּרַר 1 he purified; PBH 2 he clarified; PBH 3 he selected, chose.

    — Pu. - בֹּרַר 1 became clarified; 2 was purified; 3 was selected.

    — Hith. - הִתְבָּרֵר 1 he showed himself pure; PBH 2 made clear, was clarified. [JAram. בְּרַר, Syr. בַּר (= he set apart), בְּרִיר, בְּרִירָא (= purified), Ugar. barr (= to be pure, be free), Arab. barra (= to be free), OSArab. ברר (= to purify), Akka. barāru (= to shine), barru (= purified, pure), Ethiop. berur (= silver). cp. ברה ᴵᴵ, cp. also בור ᴵ and שַׁבְרִיר.] Derivatives: בַּר ᴵᴵ, בַּר ᴵᴵᴵ, בַּר ᴵⱽ, בַּר ⱽ, בֹּר ᴵ, בֹּר ᴵᴵ, בֹּרִית, בּוֹרֵר, בָּרוּר, בֵּרוּר, בְּרִירָה, בּֽרָרָה, בְּרֵרָה, בַּרְרָן, הִתְבָּרֽרוּת, מֽבֹרָר, נָבָר, תַּבֽרִיר.

 

ברר ᴵᴵ to sharpen. [Prob. related to Arab. barā(y) (= he sharpened). This base occurs only in the form of pass. part. Qal בָּרוּר, in the phrase חֵץ בָּרוּר (= a sharpened arrow), and in the Hiph. imper. pl. הָבֵרוּ (= sharpen!).]

 

בְּרָרָה f.n. NH culls, fruit of inferior quality. [Formed on the analogy of Arabic from ברר ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּרֵרָה, בְּרֵירָה f.n. PBH 1 selection, choice. 2 possibility of choice; alternative. [Formed from ברר ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. בּֽרִירָה.] Derivatives: בּֽרֵרָנוּת, בְּרֵרָנִי.

 

בַּרְרָן m.n. NH choosy, fastidious. [Formed from ברר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: בַּרֽרָנוּת.

 

בַּרְרָנוּת f.n. NH choosing, fastidiousness. [Formed from בַּרֽרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּרֵרָנוּת f.n. NH selectivity. [Formed from בְּרֵרָה with suff. ◌נוּת.]

 

בְּרֵרָנִי adj. NH selective. [Formed from בְּרֵרָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

ברשׁ to brush.

    — Pi. - בֵּרַשׁ he brushed.

    — Pu. - בֹּרַשׁ was brushed. [Back formation from מִבְרֶֽשֶׁת (= brush).] Derivatives: בֵּרוּשׁ, מִבְרוֹשׁ, מֽבֹרָשׁ.

 

בִּשְׁבִיל prep. PBH for, for the sake of. [From שֽׁבִיל (= path) and pref. בְּ◌ (= in), hence lit. meaning ‘in the path of’.]

 

בְּשַׁגָּם conj. because (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 6:3). [Formed from pref. בְּ◌ (= in), pref. שַׁ◌ (= that) and גַּם (= also).]

 

בִּשּׁוּל m.n. PBH 1 cooking. 2 ripening. [Verbal n. of בִּשֵּׁל (= he cooked), Pi. of בשׁל.]

 

בָּשׂוּם adj. NH 1 fragrant. 2 perfumed, scented. [Pass. part. of בָּשַׂם. See בשׂם and cp. בָּסוּם.]

 

בִּשּׂוּם m.n. NH perfuming. [Verbal n. of בִּשֵּׂם (= he perfumed), Pi. of בשׂם. cp. בִּסּוּם.]

 

בְּשׂוֹרָה f.n. 1 news, tidings, good tidings. 2 reward for good tidings. [Formed from בשׂר with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. JAram. בְּסוֹרָא, בּֽסוֹרֽתָּא, also בְּשׂוֹרָא, בְּשׂוֹרֽתָּא (= news, tidings), Syr. סְבַרְתָּא (a metathesis form), Ugar. bshrt, Ethiop. besrāt (= good news, good tidings), Akka. bussurtu (of s.m.). Arab. bushra, bishara (of s.m.) are Aram. loan words.]

 

בָּשִׁיל m.n. NH season of ripening. [Formed from בָּשַׁל (see בשל) on the analogy of nouns as קָצִיר (= harvest season), בָּצִיר (= time of vintage).] Derivative: בְּשִׁילוּת.

 

בְּשִׁילָה f.n. NH ripening. [Verbal n. of בָּשַׁל; see בשׁל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בְּשִׁילוּת f.n. NH ripening. [Formed from בָּשִׁיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בָּשִׂים adj. NH fragrant, aromatic; pleasant. [From בשׂם. cp. בָּסִים.] Derivative: בְּשִׂימוּת.

 

בְּשִׂימוּת f.n. NH pleasantness. [Formed from בָּשִׂים with suff. ◌וּת. cp. בְּסִימוּת.]

 

בשל to cook.

    — Qal - בָּשַׁל 1 it ripened; 2 it boiled, cooked.

    — Pi. - בִּשֵּׁל 1 it boiled, cooked; PBH 2 he caused to ripen.

    — Pu. - בֻּשַּׁל was boiled, was cooked.

    — Nith. - הִתֽבַּשֵּׁל, נִתְבַּשֵּׁל 1 was boiled, was cooked; 2 it ripened.

    — Hiph. - הִבְשִׁיל 1 it caused to ripen; NH 2 it ripened. [Aram. בּֽשֵׁל (= it ripened), Arab. ’absala (= he cooked unripe dates), Ethiop. basala, Akka. bashalu, bashlu (= to cook), Sokotri béhel (= to be cooked), Omanic mebsli (= cooking dates).] Derivatives: בִּשּׁוּל, בָּשִׁיל, בּֽשִׁילָה, בָּשֵׁל, בֹּשָל, בְּשֵׁלוּת, הַבֽשָׁלָה, הִתְבַּשְּׁלוּת, מִבְשָׁל, מֽבַשֵּׁל, מֽבֻשָּׁל, מִבֽשָׁלָה, מַבְשֵׁלָה, מְבַשֶּׁלֶת, תַּבֽשִׁיל.

 

בָּשֵׁל adj. 1 boiled, cooked. NH 2 ripe, mature. [From בשׁל.] Derivative: בְּשֵׁלוּת.

 

בֹּֽשֶל m.n. NH ripeness, maturity. [From בשׁל.]

 

בְּשֶׁל prep. for the sake of, because of. [Formed from שֶׁל and pref. בְּ◌ (= in).]

 

בְּשֵׁלוּת f.n. NH ripeness, maturity. [Formed from בָּשֵׁל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בִּשְׁלָמָא adv. PBH granted that. [Aram., formed from pref. בְּ◌ (= in), and שְׁלָמָא, emphatic st. of שְׁלָם (= peace), which is related to Heb. שָׁלוֹם (= peace). See בּֽ◌ and שָׁלוֹם.]

 

בְּשֶׁלְמִי adv. for whose sake. [Formed from בּֽשֶׁל (= for the sake of), and מִי (= who).]

 

בשׂם to have a sweet odor.

    — Qal - בָּשַׂם was fragrant, was pleasant.

    — Pi. - בִּשֵּׂם PBH 1 he perfumed, spiced; NH 2 he made pleasant.

    — Pu. - בֻּשַּׂם PBH 1 was spiced, was perfumed; NH 2 was made pleasant; MH 3 he became drunk, became intoxicated.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּשֵּׂם PBH 1 he spiced himself, perfumed himself; PBH 2 he flavored himself with; NH 3 he became drunk, became intoxicated.

    — Hiph. - הִבְשִׂים 1 he spiced, perfumed; 2 it gave a pleasant odor. [Aram. בְּסִים, Syr. בּֽסֵם (= was sweet, was pleasant), Aram. בַּסִּימָא (= sweet), Palm. (משחא) בשימה (= spiced oil), Arab. bashima (= was affected with disgust), Akka. bashāmu (= to make beautiful). cp. בסם.] Derivatives: בֹּשֶׂם, בֶּשֶׂם, בָּשָׂם, בַּשָּׂם, בָּשׂוּם, בִּשּׂוּם, בָּשְׂמִי, הִתְבַּשּֽׂמוּת, מֽבֻשָּׂם, מִבְשָׂמָה.

 

בֹּֽשֶׂם, בָּשָׂם, בֶּֽשֶׂם m.n. 1 balsam tree, Balsamodendron Opolbalsamum. 2 balsam oil. 3 scent, fragrance. [From בשׂם. cp. JAram. בּוּשֽׂמָא, בּוּסְמָא, Syr. בֶּשְׂמָא, Arab. basham (= spice, balsam, perfume). Gk. balsamon (= balsam) — whence L. balsamum — is a loan word from Heb. בָּשָׂם. cp. בֹּסֶם. cp. also בַּלְסָם, בַּלֽסֽמוֹן and אֲפַרְסֽמוֹן.]

 

בַּשָּׂם m.n. PBH spicer, perfumer. [Nomen opificis formed from בִּשֵּׂם (= he spiced, perfumed), Pi. of בשׂם, according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. בַּסָּם.] Derivative: בַּשָּׂמוּת.

 

בַּשָּׂמוּת f.n. NH perfumery. [Formed from בָּשָׂם with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בָּשְׂמִי adj. NH having a pleasant odor, fragrant. [Formed from בֹּשָׂם with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בָּשְׂמִיּוּת.

 

בָּשְׂמִיּוּת f.n. NH fragrance. [Formed from בָּשְׂמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בָּשְׁנָה m.n. shame (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 10:6). [From בוש.]

 

בָּשָׁנִית f.n. NH basalt. [See בַּזֶּלֶת. For the ending of בָּשָׁנִית see suff. ◌ִית.]

 

בשׁס to draw farm-rent (?).

    — Po‘el . - בּוֹשֵׁס he drew farm-rent (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Amos 5:11). [Prob. a loan word from Akka. shabāshu, shibsa (= to draw farm-rent). Several scholars connect שׁבס with בוס (q.v.).]

 

בִּשְׁעַת adv. PBH at the time of, during. [Formed from שֽׁעַת, c. st. of שָׁעָה (= time, hour), with pref. בּֽ◌.]

 

בשׂר to bear tidings.

    — Pi. - בִּשֵּׂר he gladdened with good tidings.

    — Pu. - בֻּשַּׂר he received good news.

    — Hith. - הִתְבַּשֵּׂר (of s.m.). [Aram. בּֽשַׂר, בְּסַר, Arab. bashara, Ethiop. basara, Tigre bashshara (= he brought a joyful message), Ugar. bshr, Akka. bussuru, pussuru (= to bring a joyful message), Syr. סַבַּר (a metathesis form of s.m.).] Derivatives: בְּשׂוֹרָה, מְבַשֵּׂר, מְבֻשָּׂר.

 

בָּשָׂר m.n. 1 flesh. 2 meat. 3 body. 4 creature. MH 5 pulp (of fruit). [Related to Aram. בִּשְׂרָא, בִּסֽרָא, Syr. and Mand. בֶּסְרָא, Ugar. bshr, OSArab. בשׂר (= ‘skin’, or ‘flesh’), Arab. bashar, Ethiop. bsr (= skin), Akka. bishru (= blood relation). cp. Egypt. bsz, bsj (= flesh), which is a Sem. loan word.] Derivatives: בִּשְׂרוֹנוּת, בִּשְׂרוֹנִי, בְּשָׂרִי, בַּשֽׂרָנוּת, בַּשְׂרָנִי.

 

בִּשְׂרוֹנוּת f.n. NH meat eating. [Formed from בָּשָׂר (= meat) with suff. ◌וֹנוּת.]

 

בִּשְׂרוֹנִי adj. NH meat eater. [Formed from בָּשָׂר (= meat), with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

 

בְּשָׂרִי adj. MH fleshly, fleshy. [Formed from בָּשָׂר with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

בַּשְׂרָנוּת f.n. NH fatness, corpulence. [Formed from בָּשָׂר (= flesh), with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

בַּשְׂרָנִי adj. NH fat, corpulent. [Formed from בָּשָׂר (= flesh) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

בשׁשׁ see בושׁ.

 

בֹּֽשֶת f.n. 1 shame, disgrace. PBH 2 indemnity for having put to shame. PBH 3 pudenda. [Formed from בושׁ with suff. ◌ֶת. cp. בּוּשָׁה.]

 

בַּת ᴵ f.n. (pl. בָּנוֹת) 1 daughter. 2 girl, maiden, young woman. 3 native, inhabitant of. 4 at the age of. 5 worthy of, deserving. 6 a village or a town situated near a large city. [בַּת is f. of בֵּן (= son), and developed from בַּנֽתְּ, from orig. בִּנְתְּ. It is related to Ugar. bt, JAram. abs. state ברת, emphatic state בּֽרַתָּא, Syr. emphatic state בַּרֽתָּא, c. st. בַּת, Arab. bint, OSArab. בנת, בת (= daughter), Ethiop. bent in benta ‘ain (= pupil of the eye; cp. בַּת־עַיִן), Akka. bintu and buntu (= daughter). cp. the first element in the private name בַּת־שֶׁבַע (= Bath-sheba).]

 

בַּת ᴵᴵ f.n. ‘bath’ — a liquid measure equal to one אֵיפָה. [Together with JAram. בַּתָּא, בִּתָּא (of s.m.), of uncertain origin. cp. בַּת ᴵᴵᴵ. Gk. batos (= a liquid measure), is a Heb. loan word.]

 

בַּת ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH in the phrase בּֽבַת אַחַת (= at once, simultaneously). [Of uncertain origin. According to Levy, identical with בַּת ᴵᴵ, and lit. meaning ‘with one measure’.]

 

בָּתָה, בַּתָּה f.n. 1 wasteland. NH 2 land covered with undergrowth.

 

בָּתוּל m.n. NH a chaste young man (slang). [Back formation from בְּתוּלָה.]

 

בְּתוּלָה f.n. 1 virgin. PBH 2 Virgo (astronomy). PBH 3 either of the two posts supporting the beam. [Lit.: ‘separated, severed’ (see בתל). Related to Aram.–Syr. בְּתוּלָא (= chaste young man), בְּתוּלֽתָּא (= virgin), Ugar. btlt (= virgin; mostly used as the epithet of the goddess Anat), Arab. batūl, batīl (= virgin), Akka. batūlu, batul, batīl (= chaste young man).] Derivatives: בְּתוּלִי, בְּתוּלִים.

 

בְּתוּלִי adj. NH 1 virginal, maidenly, chaste. 2 innocent. [Back formation from בּֽתוּלָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: בְּתוּלִיּוּת.

 

בְּתוּלִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 maidenliness. 2 innocence. [Formed from בְּתוּלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

בְּתוּלִים m.n. 1 virginity, maidenhood, chastity. 2 proof of virginity. [From בתל. cp. Syr. בְּתוּלוּתָא (= virginity, chastity).]

 

בִּתּוּק m.n. NH a cutting off, piercing. [Verbal n. of בִּתֵּק, Pi. of בתק.]

 

בִּתּוּר m.n. NH cutting up, cutting into pieces. [Verbal n. of בִּתֵּר, Pi. of בתר.]

 

בָּתוּר adj. NH cut up, cut into pieces. [Pass. part. of בָּתַר. See בתר.]

 

בְּתִירָה f.n. NH cutting into two. [Verbal n. of בָּתַר. See בתר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

בתל to separate. [Base of בּֽתוּלָה and בְּתוּלִים. cp. Arab. bátala (= he cut off, severed). cp. also בדל.]

 

בתק to cut off.

    — Pi. - בִּתֵּק he cut off, pierced through (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 16:40).

    — Pu. - בֻּתַּק was cut off, was pierced through. [Akka. batāqu (= to cleave), butuqtu (= tear, rent, bursting of a dike), Arab. and Ethiop. bat(t)ala (= he cut off). cp. בדק ᴵ. For the interchangeability of the consonants ד and ת see the introductory entry to letter ד.] Derivatives: בִּתּוּק, מְבֻתָּק.

 

בתר to cut off.

    — Qal - בָּתַר he cut into two, divided (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 15:10).

    — Niph. - נִבְתַּר was cut into two.

    — Pi. - בִּתֵּר he cut into two, divided.

    — Pu. - בֻּתַּר was cut into two, was divided. [Arab. batara, also matara, Ethiop. matara (= he cut off), Akka. mubattiru (= name of an insect).] Derivatives: בָּתוּר, בִּתּוּר, בְּתִירָה, בֶּתֶר, בִּתְרוֹן, מִבֽתָּר, מְבֻתָּר.

 

בָּתַר prep. PBH after. [Aram. and Syr. contraction of בַּאֲתַר (= lit.: ‘in the place of’). See בְּ◌ and אֲתַר and cp. בָּתְרָא.]

 

בֶּֽתֶר m.n. piece, part. [From בתר (= lit.: ‘something cut off’).]

 

בָּתְרָא PBH the last. [From בָּתַר (= after), hence lit. meaning ‘that which comes afterward’.]

 

בִּתְרוֹן m.n. (pl. בִּתְרוֹנִים, also בִּתְרוֹנוֹת) deep valley, deep ravine (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 2:29). [Formed from בתר with suff. ◌וֹן.]

ג The third letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name is ‘Gimel’; so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter, representing the neck of a גָּמָל (= camel). In PBH it has the numerical value three. ג alternates with כ and with ק; cp. e.g. גנן and כנן; גָּבִיעַ (= cup) and Arab. qub‘a (= calyx); גָּדִישׁ, Aram.–Syr. גְּדִישָׁא (= heap) and Arab. kadis (of s.m.); גּוּמָץ (= pit) and Aram. כּוּמְצָא, קּוּמְצָא (of s.m.); גָּפְרִית (= brimstone), Aram. כֻּבְרִיתָא, Syr. כֶּבְרִיתָא, and Arab. kibrit (of s.m.); זְגוּגִית and Aram. זְכוּכִיתָא; מִגְבָּעָה and כּוֹבַע, קוֹבַע (= helmet); מזג and מסך; סגר and סכר; רגל and רכל.