כ The eleventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The name of this letter, ‘Kaph’, means ‘hollow of the hand’; so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter. It has a final form ך. In PBH כ has the numerical value of twenty, and ך has the numerical value of five hundred. כ alternates with ג (see the introductory article to letter ג) and with ק; cp. e.g. קוֹבַע, secondary form of כּוֹבַע (= helmet), and כשׁט, a collateral base of קשט (= to make straight, to arrange, to adorn, decorate, ornament, embellish). See קשׁט ᴵ and תַּכְשִׁיט.

כְּ◌ pref. (prob. orig. a noun) meaning ‘the likeness of, the like of’. Used qualitatively, i.e. in the senses ‘like, as’ e.g. כְּאִישׁ (= like a man); ‘according to’, as in כִּדֽבַר (= according to the word of) and corresponding to Arab. mithl (= likeness, model), and to L. instar (= resemblance, image). Also used quantitatively, i.e. in the sense ‘about’, ‘approximately’, as in כְּעֶשֶׂר שָׁנִים (= about ten years), and corresponding to Arab. qadr (= quantity, amount, number). כּֽ◌ becomes כִּ◌ before a consonant with ‘schwa’, as in כִּשְׁלֹמֹה (= like Solomon). With following יְ it coalesces into כִּי◌, as in כִּירוּשָׁלַיִם (= like Jerusalem). Before a ‘hataph’ (see תֲטָף) it takes the vowel of the hataph, as in כֶּאֱדוֹם (= like Edom). Before the art. the ה is usually dropped and its vowel is taken over by the pref., as in כַּמֶּלֶךְ for כְּהַמֶּלֶךְ (= like the king), כָּאוֹר for כְּהָאוֹר (= like the light). Before the Tetragrammaton it becomes כַּ, before אֱלֹקִים it becomes כֵּ. (cp. the prefixes בְּ◌ and לְ◌, which undergo changes similar to those of כְּ◌.) [Related to Phoen. ב, BAram. and Aram. כְּ, Arab. ka, Akka. ki, aki (= like as), from Sem. ka. See כֹּה and cp. words there referred to. cp. also כְּלֹא, כְּמוֹ, כַּמָּה, and כַּאֵשֶׁר.]

כאב to be in pain.
    — Qal - כָּאֵב was in pain.
    — Niph. - נִכְאַב was in pain, was hurt.
    — Hiph. - הִכְאִיב 1 he caused pain; 2 he marred.
    — Hoph. - הֻכֽאַב was pained, was hurt.
    — Hith. - הִתְכָּאֵב was in pain. [Aram. כְּאֵב, Syr. כֵּאב (= was in pain). Arab. ka’iba (= was sad), Akka. kibtu (= pain). cp. כִּיב.] Derivatives: כְּאֵב, כָּאוּב, כְּאִיבָה, כּוֹאֵב, הַכְאָבָה, מַכְאוֹב, מַכְאִיב.

כְּאֵב m.n. pain. [From כאב. cp. Aram. כְּאֵבָא, כְּאֵיבָא, כֵּיבָא (= pain).]

כאה to be disheartened.
    — Niph. - נִכְאָה was disheartened.
    — Hiph. - הִכְאָה he intimidated, cowed. [Arab. ka’a (= he abstained through timidity), ka’ka’a (= he drew back timidly). Related to base כהה ᴵ.]

כָּאוּב adj. MH painful. [Pass. part. of כָּאֵב. See כאב.]

כָּאוֹס m.n. FW chaos [Gk. chaos (= gulf, chasm, abyss, the rude unformed mass), cogn. with Old Eng. goma (= palate), from IE base ghō(u)-, ghēu-, ghu- (= to gape). See ‘gum’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘chaos’ ibid.]

כָּאוּר adj. PBH ugly, unseemly. [From כאר; properly a secondary form of כָּעוּר.]

כֵּאוּר m.n. PBH ugliness, unseemliness. [From כאר; properly a secondary form of כִּעוּר.]

כְּאֶחָד adv. jointly, together, unanimously (lit. ‘like one’.) [cp. Aram. כֵּחֲדָא (= jointly, together), which is an analogous formation, and see כְּ◌ and אֶחָד. cp. also Akka. ishtēnīsh (= in common, at the same time), from ishtēn (= one). cp. also יַחַד.]

כְּאִיבָה f.n. NH hurting, pain. [Verbal n. of כָּאַב. See כאב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כָּאן adv. here. [Enlargement of כָּא (= here). See כֹּה and cp. הָכָא. cp. also the second element in אֵיכָן and in עַדְכָּן.]

כאר to be ugly, be unseemly (a secondary form of base כער).
    — Hiph. - הִכְאִיר he made ugly.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְאַר was made ugly.
    — Nith. - נִתְכָּאֵר became ugly.

כַּבָּאוּת f.n. NH fire extinguishing. [Formed from כַּבַּאי with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּבַּאי m.n. NH fireman. [Nomen opificis formed from כִּבָּה (= he extinguished, put out), Pi. of כבה.] Derivatives: כַּבָּאוּת, כַּבָּאִית.

כַּבָּאִית f.n. NH fire engine. [Formally f. of כַּבַּאי.]

כַּבָּב m.n. FW cabob — meat roasted in small pieces on a skewer. [From Aram. כַּבָּבָא, which is related to Arab. kabāb of s.m.]

כבב to roast meat on a skewer.
    — Pi. - כִּבֵּב he roasted meat on a skewer, he made cabob.
    — Pu. - כֻּבַּב was roasted (said of meat). [Formed on the analogy of Aram. כַּבֵּב.]

כבד ᴵ to be heavy, be weighty; to be honored.
    — Qal - כָּבֵד 1 was heavy; 2 was burdensome; 3 was honored, was respected.
    — Niph. - נִכְבַּד was honored, was distinguished.
    — Pi. - כִּבֵּד 1 he honored, he respected; PBH 2 he offered refreshments.
    — Pu. - כֻּבַּד 1 he was honored, was respected; NH 2 he was offered refreshments.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּבֵּד 1 he honored himself, exalted himself; PBH 2 he was honored; NH 3 he was offered refreshments.
    — Hiph. - הִכְבִּיד 1 he made heavy; 2 he made burdensome; PBH 3 it grew worse (said of illness).
    — Hoph. - הֻכְבַּד MH 1 it was heavy, was burdensome; NH 2 it became heavier.
    — Shiph. see . - שׁכבד . [Ugar. kbd (= to honor), Arab. kabad (= difficulty), kābada (= he struggled with difficulties), Ethiop. kabda (= was heavy), Akka. kabta (= heavy, weighty), kubbutu (= to honor).] Derivatives: כָּבֵד (adj.), כָּבֵד (n.), כֹּבֶד, כְּבֻדָּה, כְּבֵדוּת, כָּבוֹד, כָּבוּד, כִּבּוּד ᴵ, הַכְבָּדָה, הִכָּבְדוּת, הִתְכַּבְּדוּת, מְכֻבָּד, נִכְבָּד.

כבד ᴵᴵ to sweep.
    — Pi. - כִּבֵּד he swept.
    — Pu. - כֻּבַּד was swept.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּבֵּד was swept. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps orig. identical with כבד ᴵ and properly meaning ‘to treat a place honorably by cleaning it’.] Derivatives: כִּבּוּד ᴵᴵ, מַכְבֵּד, מַכְבֶּדֶת.

כָּבֵד ᴵ adj. 1 heavy, burdensome. 2 great. 3 hard, difficult. 4 numerous. [From כבד ᴵ.] Derivative: כְּבִידָה.

כָּבֵד ᴵᴵ m. & f.n. liver. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כַּבְדָא, Ugar. kbd, Arab. kabid, Ethiop. kabed, Akka. kabittu (= liver). These words derive from כבד ᴵ and properly denote ‘the heavy organ’.]

כֹּֽבֶד m.n. 1 heaviness, weight, gravity. 2 abundance, multitude. [From כבד ᴵ.]

כְּבֻדָּה f.n. 1 abundance, riches, wealth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 18:21). MH 2 heaviness. [From כבד ᴵ.]

כְּבֵדוּת f.n. heaviness, difficulty (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 14:25 in the form בִּכְבֵדוּת). [Formed from כָּבֵד (adj.), with suff. ◌וּת.]

כבה to be quenched, be put out, be extinguished.
    — Qal - כָּבָה was quenched, was extinguished.
    — Niph. - נִכְבָּה was quenched, was extinguished.
    — Pi. - כִּבָּה he quenched, put out, extinguished.
    — Pu. - כֻּבָּה was quenched, was put out, was extinguished. — Hith. הִתְכַּבָּה PBH it extinguished itself, went out (said of fire). [Aram. כַּבִּי (= he put out, extinguished), Arab. kabā (= it burned faintly).] Derivatives: כַּבַּאי, כָּבוּי, כִּבּוּי, כְּבִיָּה, מְכַבֶּה.

כָּבוֹד m.n. 1 honor, splendor, glory. PBH 2 abundance, riches. PBH 3 importance. [From כבד ᴵ.]

כָּבוּד, כָּבֹד adj. glorious, stately (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 23:41 in the phrase מִטָּה כְבוּדָה, ‘a stately bed’. [From כבד ᴵ.]

כִּבּוּד ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 honoring, respect. 2 offering refreshments; refreshments. [Verbal n. of כִּבֵּד, Pi. of כבד ᴵ.]

כִּבּוּד ᴵᴵ m.n. sweeping. [Verbal n. of כִּבֵּד, Pi. of כבד ᴵ.]

כְּבוּדָה see כְּבֻדָּה.

כָּבוּי adj. MH extinguished, extinct. [Pass. part. of כָּבָה. See כבה.]

כִּבּוּי m.n. PBH extinguished, extinction. [Verbal n. of כִּבָּה (= he quenched, put out, extinguished), Pi. of כבה.]

כָּבוּל ᴵ adj. bound, tied, fettered, chained, shackled. [Pass. part. of כָּבַל. See כבל and cp. כָּבוּל ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: כְּבִילוּת.

כָּבוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. hairnet. [Perhaps subst. use of כָּבוּל ᴵ and lit. meaning ‘plaited’.]

כָּבוּל ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. 1 dry land (in the Bible, Jos. 19:27, name of a city on the border of Asher, and Kin. I 9:13, name of a district in Galilee, called אֶרֶץ כָּבוּל). NH 2 turf.

כְּבוּל m.n. PBH siphon. [Of unknown origin.]

כָּבוּן adj. PBH clasped, fastened. [Pass. part. of כָּבַן. See כבן.]

כָּבוּס adj. MH washed. [Pass. part. of כָּבַס. See כבס.]

כִּבּוּס m.n. PBH washing, laundering. [Verbal n. of כִּבֵּס (= he washed), Pi. of כבס.]

כְּבוּסָה f.n. PBH washing water. [From כבס. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כָּבוּר adj. PBH sifted. [Pass. part. of כָּבַר.]

כָּבוּשׁ adj. PBH 1 conquered. PBH 2 preserved, conserved, pickled. 3 paved (road). [Pass. part. of כָּבַשׁ. See כבשׁ.]

כִּבּוּשׁ m.n. PBH 1 conquest, capture. NH 2 pressing. [Verbal n. of כִּבֵּשׁ (= he conquered), Pi. of כבשׁ.]

כְּבוּשִׁים m.n. pl. PBH preserves, conserves, pickles, canned goods. [From כָּבוּשׁ sense 2.]

כְּבִידָה f.n. NH gravitation. [Formed from כָּבֵד ᴵ; see כבד ᴵ.]

כְּבִיָּה f.n. PBH extinguishing, extinction. [Verbal n. of כָּבָה (= was extinguished). See כבה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כִּבְיָכוֹל adj. PBH 1 so to speak, as it were (used elliptically in anthropomorphic expressions). 2 so to speak of God. [Formed from יָכוֹל (= one might suppose), with the prefixes כְּ◌ and בְּ◌, hence lit. meaning ‘as though it were possible’.]

כְּבִילָה f.n. NH binding, tying, fettering, chaining, shackling. [Verbal n. of כָּבַֽל. See כבל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּבִילוּת f.n. being bound, being tied, being fettered, being chained, being shackled. [Formed from כָּבוּל ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

כָּבִיס adj. NH washable. [Coined from כבס (= to wash), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: כְּבִיסוּת.

כְּבִיסָה f.n. PBH 1 washing, laundering. NH 2 clothes to be washed. [Verbal n. of כָּבַס. See כבס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּבִיסוּת f.n. washability. [Formed from כָּבִיס with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּבִּיר adj. great, might, much. [From כבר (= to be great). cp. ‘Cabiri’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: כַּבִּירוּת.

כְּבִיר m.n. quilt, net of goat’s hair. [Lit. prob. meaning ‘something netted’, and derived from base כבר.]

כְּבִירָה f.n. sifting. [Verbal n. of כָּבַר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כַּבִּירוּת f.n. NH greatness, might. [Formed from כַּבִּיר with suff. ◌וּת.]

כָּבִישׁ adj. NH 1 conquerable. 2 that which can be preserved. [Coined from כבשׁ (= to conquer, to preserve), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: כּֽבִישׁוּת.

כַּבִּישׁ m.n. NH roller (in printing). [From כבשׁ.]

כְּבִישׁ m.n. NH paved road. [Coined by the author and historian Zeev Jawitz, 1848–1924, from כבשׁ.]

כְּבִישָׁה f.n. NH 1 conquest. NH 2 pressing. MH 3 preserving, conserving, canning, pickling. [Verbal n. of כָּבַשׁ. See כבשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּבִישׁוּת f.n. NH 1 conquerability. 2 preserving, conserving, canning, pickling. [Formed from כָּבִישׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּבְכָּב m.n. PBH cover for a basket lid. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Arab. kabba (= he overturned, overthrew).]

כבל to bind.
    — Qal - כָּבַל he bound, tied, fettered, chained.
    — Niph. - נִכְבַּל was bound, was tied, was fettered, was chained.
    — Pi. - כִּבֵּל he bound, tied, fettered, chained.
    — Pu. - כֻּבַּל was bound, was tied, was fettered, was chained. [Aram.-Syr. כְּבַל, Arab. kabala (= he bound), Akka. kabālu (= to fetter, chain). Base of כֶּבֶל.] Derivatives: כָּבוּל ᴵ, כְּבִילָה, כֶּבֶל, הִכָּבְלוּת, מְכֻבָּל.

כֶּֽבֶל m.n. 1 fetter, chain. NH 2 anchor chain. NH 3 cable. [From כבל. cp. Aram. כִּבְלָא, Syr. כַּבְלָא, Arab. kibl (= fetter, chain), Akka. kabālu (= to fetter, chain), Ethiop. kabalō (= handle), kanbalō (= hair buckle).] Derivatives: כָּבַל, כַּבְלָר. cp. the second element in רַכֶּבֶל.

כַּבְלָר m.n. NH cable welder. [Formed from כֶּבֶל on the analogy of nouns ending into ◌ָר.]

כבן to wrap, cover.
    — Pi. - כִּבֵּן PBH 1 he wrapped, covered; NH 2 he fastened, clasped.
    — Pu. - כֻּבַּן was fastened, was clasped. [Aram.-Syr. כּֽבַן (= he girded on, put on), Arab. kabana (= he sewed together).] Derivatives: כָּבוּן, כְּבֵנָה, מַכֽבֵּנָה.

כְּבֵנָה f.n. PBH 1 headdress. NH 2 hairpin. [From כבן. cp. Syr. כְבָנָא (= girdle), כְּבָנְתָּא and כְּבֶנֽתָּא (= cloak).]

כבס to wash.
    — Qal - כָּבַס he washed (clothes).
    — Pi. - כִּבֵּס 1 he washed; 2 he cleaned.
    — Pu. - כֻּבַּס was washed.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּבֵּס, הֻכַּבֵּס (Lev. 23:55), was washed. [Ugar. kbsm (= launderer), Arab. kabasa (= he pressed), Akka. kabāsu (= to tread, tread down, press). Related to כבשׁ.] Derivatives: כָּבוּס, כִּבּוּס, כְּבוּסָה, כָּבִיס, כְּבִיסָה, כַּבָּס, כְּבָסִים, כּוֹבֵס, הִתְכַּבְּסוּת, מִכְבָּסָה, תִּכְבֹּסֶת.

כַּבָּס m.n. PBH washer, laundryman. [Nomen opificis formed from כִּבֵּס (= he washed), Pi. of כבס.]

כְּבָסִים m.n. pl. clothes to wash, washing. [From כבס.]

כבר ᴵ to sift.
    — Qal - כָּבַר he sifted.
    — Niph. - נִכְבַּר was sifted.
    — Hiph. - הִכְבִּיר he sifted.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְבַּר was sifted. [Denominated from כְּבָרָה.] Derivatives: כָּבוּר, כְּבִירָה.

כבר ᴵᴵ to be great, be much, be many.
    — Hiph. - הִכְבִּיר he made many, multiplied.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְבַּר was multiplied. [Syr. כְּבַר (= was much, was numerous), Arab. kabura (= was great, increased, exceeded in age, was older), kabīr (= great, noble, aged), Ethiop. kabra (= was honored, was magnified), kabūr (= honored, glorious), Akka. kabāru (= to be great, be huge, be mighty), kabru (= great, huge, mighty). According to some scholars כבר ᴵᴵ is identical with כבר ᴵ, the sense development of this base having been ‘to interturn, twist, make strong’. They compare the bases גדל ᴵ and גדל ᴵᴵ which seem to have undergone a similar sense development.] Derivatives: הַכְבָּרָה, כַּבִּיר. cp. כְּבָר.

כְּבָר adv. already. [Related to Syr. כְּבר (= perhaps, already). Of uncertain origin, perhaps a derivative of base כבר ᴵ.]

כְּבָרָה f.n. sieve (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Amos 9:9). See כבר ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: כבר ᴵ.

כִּבְרָה f.n. measure of distance (in the Bible occurring only in the phrase כִּבְרַת אֶרֶץ, ‘some way’, Gen. 48:7, Kin. II 5:19). [Of uncertain origin. cp. Akka. kibratu (= quarter of the world).]

כֶּֽבֶשׂ m.n. lamb. [Related to Arab. kabsh (= young ram, leader), Akka. kabsu (= male lamb). Syr. כֶּבְשָׁא (= lamb), is prob. a loan word from Arab. kabsh. cp. כֶּשֶׂב.] Derivatives: כִּבְשָׂה, כַּבְשָׂה.

כבשׁ to tread down, subdue, press.
    — Qal - כָּבַשׁ 1 he treaded down, subdued; 2 he conquered, occupied; 3 he forced, raped (a woman); PBH 4 he pressed; PBH 5 he suppressed, withheld; PBH 6 he preserved, pickled.
    — Niph. - נִכְבַּשׁ 1 was conquered; PBH 2 was pressed, was squeezed; PBH 3 was preserved, was pickled; PBH 4 he had surreptitious intercourse.
    — Pi. - כִּבֵּשׁ 1 he conquered, occupied; PBH 2 he pressed, squeezed; PBH 3 he preserved, pickled; PBH 4 he suppressed, withheld.
    — Pu. - כֻּבַּשׁ 1 was conquered; PBH 2 was pressed, was squeezed; PBH 3 was preserved, was pickled.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּבֵּשׁ PBH 1 was conquered; PBH 2 was pressed, was squeezed.
    — Hiph. - הִכֽבִּישׁ he brought into bondage. [Aram.-Syr. כְּבַשׁ (= he treaded down, subdued, pressed together), Arab. kabasa (= he pressed, squeezed, kneaded; he attacked, raided), Akka. kabāsu (= to tread, tread down, press). Related to כבס. cp. גבשׁ, כפשׁ.] Derivatives: כָּבוּשׁ, כִּבּוּשׁ, כָּבִישׁ, כַּבִּישׁ, כְּבִישׁ, כֶּבֶשׁ ᴵ, כֶּבֶשׁ ᴵᴵ, כֶּבֶשׁ ᴵᴵᴵ, כִּבְשׁוֹן ᴵ, כִּבֽשׁוֹן ᴵᴵ, כִּבֽשָׁן, כַּבֶּשֶׁת, כּוֹבֵשׁ, מַכֽבֵּשׁ, מְכֻבָּשׁ, מִכְבָּשָׁה.

כֶּֽבֶשׁ ᴵ m.n. 1 footstool (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. II 9:18). PBH 2 ascent. [From כבשׁ.]

כֶּֽבֶשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH preserved fruit. [From כבשׁ.]

כֶּֽבֶשׁ ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. MH secret. [From Aram. כַּבֽשָׁא (= secret), lit. ‘something concealed’, from כְּבַשׁ (= he treaded down, pressed together), whence ‘he hid, concealed’. See כבשׁ and cp. כִּבְשׁוֹן ᴵᴵ.]

כַּבָּשׁ m.n. PBH conqueror. [From כִּבֵּשׁ (= he conquered), Pi. of כבשׁ.]

כִּבְשָׂה, כַּבְשָׂה f.n. ewe, lamb. [f. of כֶּבֶשׂ.] Derivative: כִּשְׂבָּה.

כִּבְשׁוֹן m.n. PBH secret. [Formed from כבשׁ (= to press, whence ‘to hide, conceal’), with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns. cp. כֶּבֶשׁ ᴵᴵᴵ.]

כִּבְשׁוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. כִּבְשׁוֹנוֹת) kiln, furnace. [A secondary form of כִּבְשָׁן.]

כִּבְשָׁן m.n. (pl. כִּבְשָׁנִים, also כִּבְשָׁנוֹת) kiln, furnace. [Lit. ‘that which subdues’ (metals), from כבשׁ. For the ending see subst. suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּבֶּֽשֶׁת NH 1 pickles, preserves. PBH 2 f. of כַּבָּשׁ (= conqueror). [From כבשׁ.]

כְּגוֹן adv. PBH such as, as, like. [Formed from pref. כּֽ◌ (= as, like) and גּוֹן, c. st. of גָּוֶן (= color), hence lit. meaning ‘as the appearance of’. For sense development cp. cp. כְּעֵין the appearance of, like) from עַיִן (= eye).]

כַּד ᴵ m.n. jug, pitcher. [Related to Aram. כַּדָּא (= jar, jug, pitcher), Aram.-Syr. כַּדָּנָא (= a small jug). Of uncertain origin. Gk. kados, whence L. cadus (= jar), is a Hebrew loan word.] Derivatives: כַּדָּד, כַּדָּה, כַּדִּידִית, כַּדִית, and prob. כַּד ᴵᴵ.

כַּד ᴵᴵ adj. PBH rounded, oval. [Prob. derived from כַּד ᴵ and lit. meaning ‘pitcher-like’, ‘round like a pitcher’.] Derivatives: כֹּד, כַּדּוּדִי, כַּדּוּת.

כַּד ᴵᴵᴵ conj. PBH when, as. [Aram., compounded of כְּ◌ (= when) and דְּ◌ (= that), corresponding to Heb. כְּשֶׁ◌, כַּאֲשֶׁר.]

כֹּד m.n. (pl. כֻּדִּים) round end. [From כַּד ᴵᴵ.]

כְּדַאי, כְּדַי adj. PBH worthy, worthwhile. [Formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= as) and דַּי (= enough). cp. כְּדֵי.] Derivative: כּֽדָאִיּוּת.

כְּדָאִיּוּת f.n. NH worthwhileness. [Formed from כּֽדַאי with suff. ◌וּת.]

כִּדְאֶשְׁתָּקֵד adv. NH as last year. [Formed from כְּ◌ (= as), דְּ◌ (= of) and אֶשְׁתָּקַד (= last year).]

כִּדְבָעֵי adv. PBH as required, properly. [Formed from כְּ◌ (= as), דְּ◌ (= that), and בָּעֵי (= asking, requiring), part. of בְּעָא (= he asked), which is related to Heb. בָּעָה (= he sought, asked). See בעה ᴵᴵ.]

כַּדָּד m.n. PBH potter, jug maker. [Nomen opificis formed from כַּד ᴵ.]

כַּדָּה f.n. MH a small jug. [Formed from כּד ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

כַּדּוּם m.n. PBH 1 grappling iron. NH 2 dredging machine.

כַּדּוֹמֶה see דּוֹמֶה.

כִּרּוּן m.n. NH fixing a bayonet. [Verbal n. of כדן ᴵᴵ.]

כַּדּוּר m.n. 1 ball, globe. NH 2 pill. [Some scholars regard it as a derivative of כדר (= to be round), from the phrase צָנוֹף יִצֽנָפְךָ צְנֵפָה כַּדּוּר. (Is. 22:18), and the phrase וְחָנִיתִי כַּדּוּר עָלֶיךָ (Is. 29:3). Others explain the word as formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= as), and דוּר (= circle) from base דור. cp. Aram. כַּדּוּרָא (= ball) and Arab. kadira (= be thick).] Derivatives: כַּדּוּרוֹן, כַּדּוּרִי, כַּדּוּרִית. cp. the first element in כַּדּוּרְיָד, כַּדּוּרְסַל, כַּדּוּרְעָף, כַּדּוּרֶגֶל.

כַּרּוּרֶֽגֶל m.n. football, soccer. [Contraction of כַּדּוּר (= ball), and רֶגֶל (= foot).] Derivative: כַּדוּרַגְלָן.

כַּדּוּרַגְלָן m.n. NH football player, footballer. [Formed from כַּדּוּרֶגֶל with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּדּוּריֹן m.n. NH a small ball. [Formed from כַּדּוּר with dimin. Suff. ◌וֹן.]

כַּדּוּרִי adj. MH spherical, globular. [Formed from כַּדּוּר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: כַּדּוּרִיּוּת.

כַּדּוּרְיָד m.n. NH handball. [Compounded of כַּדּוּר (= ball) and יָד (= hand).] Derivative: כַּדּוּרְיָדָן.

כַּדּוּרְיָדָן m.n. NH handball player. [Formed from כַּדּוּרְיָד with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּדּוּרִיּוּת f.n. MH sphericality, globularity. [Formed from כַּדּוּרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּדּוּרִית f.n. PBH globule, spherule. [Formed from כַּדּוּר with dimin. suff. ◌ית.]

כַּדּוּרְמַיִם m.n. NH water polo. [Compounded of כַּדּוּר (= ball) and מַיִם (= water).]

כַּדּוּרְסַל m.n. NH basketball. [Compounded of כַּדּוּר (= ball) and סַל (= basket).] Derivative: כַּדּוּרְסַלָּן.

כַּדּוּרְסַלָּן m.n. NH basketball player. [Formed from כַּדּוּרְסַל with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּדּוּרְעָף m.n. NH volleyball (lit. ‘flying ball’). [Compounded of כַּדּוּר (= ball) and עָף (= flying), part. of עוף.] Derivative: כַּדּוּרְעָפָן.

כַּדּוּרְעָפָן m.n. NH volleyball player. [Formed from כַּדּוּרְעָף agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּדּוּת f.n. NH roundedness. [Formed from כַּד ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּדַי see כְּדַאי.

כְּדֵי conj. 1 as much as, according to. PBH 2 in order that, in order to. [Formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= as) and the noun דַּי (= sufficiency), hence lit. meaning ‘according to the sufficiency of’.]

כְּדִי see בִּכְדִי.

כַּדִּידִית f.n. PBH a small jug. [Dimin. formed from כַּד ᴵ through reduplication. For the ending see dimin. suff. ◌ִית. cp. כַּדִּית.]

כַּדִּית f.n. NH a small jug. [Formed from כַּד ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌ִית. cp. כַּדָּה.]

כַּדְכֹּד m.n. (pl. כַּדְכֻּדִּים) a precious stone (prob. ruby). [cp. Arab. kadkada (= bright redness). cp. also Aram. כַּרְכֶדְנָא, Arab. karkand, Ethiop. karakand (= a red precious stone).]

כְּדִלְהַלָּן adv. NH as follows. [Formed from כְּ◌ (= as), דְּ◌ (= that), and לְהַלָּן (= further).]

כְּדִלְקַמָּן adv. MH as follows. [Formed from כּֽ◌ (= as), דְּ◌ (= that), and לֽקַמָּן (= before us).]

כדן ᴵ to tie, bind, yoke.
    — Qal - כָּדַן he tied, bound, yoked.
    — Pi. - כִּדֵּן he tied, bound, yoked.
    — Pu. - כֻּדַּן was tied, was bound, was yoked. [Syr. כְּדַן (= he bound, yoked), Arab. kadana (= he tied the ox to the plow), Akka. kidinnu (= protection), Ethiop. kadana (= he covered).] Derivative: מְכֻדָּן ᴵ.

כדן ᴵᴵ NH to fix a bayonet.
    — Pi. - כִּדֵּן he fixed a bayonet.
    — Pu. - כֻּדַּן the bayonet was fixed. [Back formation from כִּידוֹן (= spear, bayonet).] Derivatives: כִּדּוּן, מְכֻדָּן ᴵᴵ.

כדר to be like a ball, be round.
    — Qal - כָּדַר was like a ball, was round.
    — Pi. - כִּדֵּר he made round.
    — Pu. - כֻּדַּר was made round.
    — Hith. - הִתֽכַּדֵּר NH 1 became like a ball, became rounded; PBH 2 rolled. [Back formation from כַּדּוּר (= ball).] Derivatives: כִּדּוּר, הִתְכַּדְּרוּת, מֽכֻדָּר, כדרר.

כִּדְרוּר m.n. NH bouncing (a ball), dribbling (football, basketball). [Verbal n. of כִּדְרֵר, Pil. of כדרר.]

כדרר NH to dribble (a ball).
    — Pi. - כִּדְרֵר he dribbled (a ball).
    — Pu. - כֻּדְרַר was dribbled. [Formed from כדר through reduplication of the third radical.] Derivative: כִּדְרוּר.

כַּדֹּֽרֶת f.n. NH bowling. [From כַּדּוּר (= ball). For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

כֹּה adv. 1 so, thus. 2 here. 3 now. [Related to BAram. כָּה, Aram., Mand. כָּא (= here), Akka. kā (= so), Ethiop. kaḥa and kaḥakī (= there, beyond), Syr. לְכָא (= hither), מֶכָּא (= hence), אַיְכָּה (= where). Hebrew כֹּה developed from orig. כָּה, which still appears in כָּכָה and in the second element of אֵיכָה. cp. second element in הֵיכָא, הָכָא. cp. also כִּי (conj.), and pref. כְּ◌, which is prob. a secondary form of כָּה, כֹּה. cp. also כָּאן, כִּי, כֵּן, and the second element in אָנֹכִי.]

כְּהַאי pron. PBH like this, like that. [Aram., formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= like), and הַאי (= this).]

כַּהֹֽגֶן adv. PBH properly, suitably. [Formed from הֹגֶן (= propriety, suitability), with pref. כַּ◌.]

כהה ᴵ to grow dim, faint.
    — Qal - כָּהָה grew dim, was faint.
    — Niph. - נִכְהָה became dim, became faint.
    — Pi. - כִּהָה, כֵּהָה became dim, became faint.
    — Hiph. - הִכְהָה PBH 1 darkened; NH 2 he made dim.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְהָה MH 1 was made dim; NH 2 was darkened.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּהָה became dark, became dim. [Aram. כּֽהָא (= was turbid, was sad), Arab. kahiya (= was disheartened), Akka. akū (= weak). [Related to כאה and to גהה ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: הַכְהָיָה, הִתְכַּהוּת, כֵּהֶה, כָּהוּי, כִּהוּי ᴵ, כְּהִיָּה, כְּהָיוֹן, הַכְהָיָה.

כהה ᴵᴵ to chide, rebuke.
    — Pi. - כִּהָה he rebuked (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 3:13). [Syr. כָּאא (= he rebuked), Mand. כהא (= to rebuke), Arab. ka’a(y) (= he caused pain by words). Related to base כאה.] Derivative: כִּהוּי ᴵᴵ.

כֵּהֶה adj. dim, dull, faint. [From כהה ᴵ.] Derivative: כֵּהוּת.

כֵּהָה f.n. healing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Nah. 3:19). [A secondary form of גֵהָה.]

כָּהוּי adj. PBH dim, dull. [Pass. part. of כָּהָה See כהה.]

כִּהוּי ᴵ m.n. MH dimming, dulling. [Verbal n. of כִּהָה (= became dim, became faint), Pi. of כהה ᴵ.]

כִּהוּי ᴵᴵ m.n. chiding. [Verbal n. of כִּהָה (= he chided). See כהה ᴵᴵ.]

כִּהוּל m.n. NH alcoholization. [Verbal n. of כִּהֵל, Pi. of כהל.]

כִּהוּן m.n. PBH 1 service as priest; ministration. NH 2 holding office. [Verbal n. of כִּהֵן, Pi. of כהן.]

כֵּהוּת f.n. MH dimness. [Formed from כֵּהֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּהִיָּה f.n. MH becoming dim. [Verbal n. of כָּהָה. See כהה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כִּהָיוֹן m.n. PBH dimness, dullness (of color). [Formed from כהה ᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

כֹּֽהַל m.n. NH alcohol. [From Arab. kuḥl (= antimony; used for painting the eyelids), which is related to Aram.-Syr. כּוּחְלֶא, Ethiop. kwehl (= antimony), and Heb. כָּחַל (= he painted his eyelids with antimony). Its modern sense (‘highly rectified spirits’) is due to the analogy of the fitness of this powder. cp. Med. L. alcohol (whence Fren. and Eng. alcohol, etc.), which derives from Arab. al-koḥl (vulgar pronunciation of alkuḥl, from al (= the), and kuḥl see above). cp. ‘alcohol’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: כהל, כָּהֳלִי, כַּהֶלֶת.

כהל to alcoholize.
    — Pi. - כִּהֵל he alcoholized. [Denominated from כֹּהַל.] Derivative: כִּהוּל.

כָּהֳלִי adj. NH alcoholic. [Formed from כֹּהַל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: כָּהֳלִיּוּת.

כָּהֳלִיּוּת f.n. NH alcoholicity. [Formed from כָּהֳלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּהֶֽלֶת f.n. NH alcoholism. [Coined from כֹּהַל (= alcohol), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases. See e.g. אַדֶּמֶת.]

כַּהֲלָכָה adv. PBH according to law, properly. [Formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= as, according to), and הֲלָכָה (= law).]

כָּהֶם pron. m. pl. as they, such as. [Formed from כּֽ◌ (= as), and הֵם (= they.]

כָּהֵמָּה pron. m. pl. as they, such as. [Formed from כּֽ◌ (= as), and הֵמָּה (= they).]

כהן to serve as a priest, to officiate.
    — Pi. - כִּהֵן 1 he ministered as a priest; 2 he was or became a priest; NH 3 he officiated.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּהֵן he became a priest. [Denominated from כֹּהֵן. This base is prob. related to כון (= to set up, establish), so that כֹּהֵן would prob. denote the man standing before. For sense development cp. Arab. kāhana (= he helped, assisted).] Derivatives: כִּהוּן, כְּהֻנָּה.

כֹּהֵן m.n. priest, ‘cohen’. [From כהן. cp. Aram. כָּהֲנָא, Syr. כָּהְנָא, Ethiop. kāhen (= priest), Arab. kāhin (= diviner, soothsayer). כֹּהֵן is prob. related to base כון (= to stand) and lit. denotes one who stands serving God. For this sense development cp. Arab. kāhana (= he assisted). For the interchangeability of ה and ו cp. Syr. כַּהִינָא (= rich, well-to-do), which according to some scholars derives from כון and lit. means ‘standing well’.] Derivatives: כהן, כֹּהֲנִי, כֹּהֶנֶת.

כָּהֶן pron. f. pl. as they, such as. [Formed from כְּ◌ (= as), and הֵן (= they).]

כָּהֵנָּה pron. f. pl. as they, such as. [Formed from כְּ◌ (= as), and הֵנָּה (= they).]

כְּהֻנָּה f.n. priesthood, priestly office. [From כהן.]

כֹּהֲנִי adj. MH priestly, sacerdotal. [Formed from כֹּהֵן with suff. ◌ִי.]

כֹּהֶֽנֶת f.n. PBH 1 priest’s wife. 2 priest’s daughter. NH 3 priestess. [f. of כֹּהֵן.]

כּוֹאֵב adj. sick, aching, painful. [Part. of כָּאַב (= was in pain). See כאב.]

כּוּב m.n. PBH thorn. [Aram. כּוּבָא. Of unknown etymology.]

כּוֹבֵס m.n. laundryman (in the Bible it occurs only in the place name שְׂדֵה כוֹבֵס, ‘the fuller’s field’ — Kin. II 18:17; Is. 7:3 and 36:2). [Qal part. of כבס.]

כּוֹבַע, קוֹבַע m.n. 1 helmet. PBH 2 headgear. [Related to Aram. כּוֹבְעָא, קוֹבְעָא, Syr. קוּבְעָא, Arab. qubbaah (= hat, cap), Ethiop. qōbe (= turban). Some scholars trace these words to Hittite kupahi. Derivatives: כּוֹבָעָה, כּוֹבָעִית, כּוֹבָעָן, כּוֹבְעָנִי.

כּוֹבָעָה f.n. PBH stack of hay. [Formed from כּוֹבַע with first suff. ◌ָה.]

כּוֹבָעוֹן m.n. NH a small hat. [Formed from כּוֹבַע with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

כּוֹבָעִית f.n. NH a small hat. [Formed from כּוֹבַע with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

כּוֹבָעָן, כּוֹבְעָנִי m.n. NH 1 hat maker, hatter. [Formed from כּוֹבַע with agential suff. ◌ָן or ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: כּוֹבְעָנִיָּה.

כּוֹבְעָנִיָּה f.n. NH 1 hat factory. 2 hat shop. [Formed from כּוֹבָעָן with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

כּוֹבֵשׁ m.n. NH conqueror. [Subst. use of the part. of כָּבַשׁ. See כבשׁ.] Derivative: כּוֹבְשָׁן.

כּוֹבְשָׁן m.n. NH a great conqueror. [Formed from כּוֹבֵשׁ with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: כּוֹבְשָׁנוּת, כּוֹבְשָׁנִי.

כּוֹבְשָׁנוּת f.n. NH desire for expansion, expansionism. [Formed from כּוֹכֽשָׁן with suff. ◌וּת.]

כּוֹבְשָׁנִי adj. NH expansionist. [Formed from כּוֹבְשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

כוה to burn, scorch.
    — Qal - כָּוָה he burned, scorched, scalded.
    — Niph. - נִכְוָה 1 was burned, was scorched, was scalded; PBH 2 was hit.
    — Pi. - כִּוָּה he burned, cauterized.
    — Hiph. - הִכְוָה (of s.m.). [Aram.-Syr. כְּוָא (= he seared, cauterized), כַּוִּי (= he cauterized, scorched), Arab. kawa(y) (= he cauterized, scorched), Akka. ku’ū (= to roast).] Derivatives: כָּווּי, כְּוִיָּה, הִכָּווּת, מִכֽוָה.

כַּוָּה f.n. PBH 1 a small window. NH 2 loophole, porthole. [BAram. cp. Aram.-Syr. כַּוְתָא (= window). Arab. kawwa, kuwwa, is an Aram. loan word.]

כָּווּי adj. PBH burned, scorched, scalded. [Pass. part. of כָּוָה. See כוה.]

כִּוּוּן m.n. PBH direction. [Verbal n. of כִּוֵּן. See כון ᴵᴵ.]

כָּווּץ adj. NH shrunken. [Pass. part. of כָּוַץ. See כוץ and cp. קָווּץ.]

כִּוּוּץ m.n. NH shrinking, shrinkage. [Verbal n. of כִּוֵּץ (= he shrank), Pi. of כוץ.]

כּוּז m.n. PBH 1 an oil vessel (used in the Temple). 2 a liquid measure. [Related to Arab. kūz (= a small jug). cp. כּוֹס (= cup, goblet).]

כּוֹזֵב adj. lying, false. [Act. part. of כָּזַב. See כזב.]

כּוֹזָרִי adj. m.n. MH Khazar (a member of a Tatar people in southeastern Russia who accepted Judaism in the 8th century).

כוח prob. base of כֹּחַ (= strength, power).

כּוֹי m.n. PBH a species of deer. [Of unknown origin.]

כְּוִיָּה f.n. burning, scorching. [From כוה.]

כָּוִיץ adj. NH contractable. [Coined from כָּוַץ (= it shrank, contracted), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

כְּוִיצָה f.n. MH contraction (of muscles). [Verbal n. of כָּוַץ (= it shrank, contracted). For the ending see subst. suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּוִיצוּת f.n. NH contractability. [Formed from כָּוַץ (= it shrank, contracted) with suff. ◌וּת.]

כּוּךְ m.n. PBH cave, sepulchral chamber. [Together with Aram. כּוּךְ, כּוּכָא borrowed from Pers. kūh, whence also Arab. kūh (= hut).]

כּוֹכָב m.n. 1 star. NH 2 planet Mercury. [cp. Ugar. kbkb, Aram. כוכבא, Arab. kaukab, Ethiop. kōkab, Akka. kakkabu (= star).] Derivatives: כּוֹכָבוֹן, כּוֹכָבִי, כּוֹכָבִית, כּוֹכֶבֶת, ככב.

כּוֹכָבוֹן m.n. NH 1 a small star, starlet. 2 asterisk. [Formed from כּוֹכָב with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

כּוֹכָבִי adj. MH starlike. [Formed from כּוֹכָב with suff. ◌ִי.]

כּוֹכָבִית f.n. NH Stellaria (a genus of plants). [Loan translation of the scientific name, which derives from L. stella (= star).]

כּוֹכֶֽבֶת f.n. PBH 1 the planet Venus. NH 2 the stars. NH 3 film star. [Formed from כּוֹכָב with suff. ◌ֶת.]

כּוֹכֶֽלֶת f.n. PBH a charm containing perfume. [Prob. a loan word from Gk. kochlias (= snail with a spiral shell; anything twisted spirally) from kochlos (= shellfish with a spiral shell), which is related to konchos (= shell). See ‘conch’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘cochlea’ and ‘cockle’ (= bivalve) ibid.]

כול to comprehend, contain, measure.
    — Qal - כָּל he comprehended, measured).
    — Pi. - כִּיֵּל (= he measured).
    — Hiph. - הֵכִיל 1 it held, contained; 2 he sustained, endured.
    — Hoph. - הוּכָל was contained.
    — Pilp. (see . - כלכל ᴵ). [Aram.-Syr. אכיל (= he measured), Ugar. kl (= to contain, measure), Arab. kāla (= he measured grain), Akka. kullu (= to contain). Prob. base of כְּלִי. cp. the related base יכל.] Derivatives: כִּיּוּל, כַּיָּל, כַּיִל, כַּלְכָּלָה, הֲכָלָה, מוּכָל, מְכוּלָה, מֵכָל, תְּכוּלָה. cp. מְכִילְתָּא.

כּוֹלָב m.n. PBH hook. [cp. Aram. כֻּלְבֶּא (= axe, hatchet), Arab. kulab (= hook).]

כּוֹלְכִית f.n. NH culex (= gnat). [Formed from L. culex (= gnat). See ‘culex’ in my CEDEL.]

כּוֹלֵל ᴵ adj. comprehensive, inclusive, general. [Act. part. of כָּלַל. See כלל ᴵ.] Derivatives: כּוֹלְלָנוּת, כּוֹלְלָנִי.

כּוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ m.n. MH community (said esp. of communities in Palestine formed by persons coming from a particular town or country). [Subst. use of כּוֹלֵל ᴵ.]

כּוֹלְלָנוּת f.n. NH comprehensiveness, completeness, totality. [Formed from כּוֹלֵל ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

כּוֹלְלָנִי adj. NH comprehensive, general. [Formed from כּוֹלֵל ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

כּוֹלֶסְטֶרוֹל m.n. FW cholesterol (biochemistry). [Eng. cholesterol, formed from Fren. cholésterine, a word coined by the French chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul, 1786–1889, and - ol, a suff. denoting an alcohol. Fren. cholésterine is formed from Gk. chole (= gall, bile), and stereos (= solid). So called because it was orig. found in the gallstones. cp. כּוֹלֶרָה. cp. also קוֹרְטִיזוֹן.]

כּוֹלֵף m.n. PBH stone chisel. [Of uncertain origin. cp. גלף.]

כּוֹלֶרָה f.n. FW cholera. [L. cholera, from Gk. cholera (= bilious diarrhea), from chole, also cholos (= gall, bile), which is related to chloos (= greenish-yellow color), and cogn. with Avestic zāra- (= gall, bile), Old Eng. gealla, galla (= gall, bile), from IE base * ghel- (= to shine, yellow, yellowish-green, green). See ‘yellow’ in my CEDEL and cp. the first element in כּוֹלֶסְטֶרוֹל and the second element in מֶלַנְכּוֹלְיָה.]

כּוֹלֶרִי adj. FW choleric. [Back formation from L. cholericus, from Gk. cholerikos (= choleric), from cholera. See כּוֹלֶרָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

כּוּמָז m.n. a kind of ornament. [Of uncertain etymology; perhaps related to Arab. kumza (= a small ball) and to base קמץ ᴵ.]

כּוֹמְסָה f.n. PBH sheaves put at the bottom of a stack. [Of uncertain etymology.]

כון ᴵ to be set up, be established, be firm.
    — Niph. - נָכוֹן 1 was set up, was established; 2 was firm, was steadfast, was secure; 3 was prepared, was ready; 4 was right, was correct.
    — Po‘lel. - כּוֹנֵן 1 he set up, established; 2 he made, constituted; 3 he directed.
    — Po‘lal . - כּוֹנַן 1 was set up, was established; 2 was directed.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְכּוֹנֵן 1 was established; 2 was made firm; NH 3 he prepared himself.
    — Hiph. - הֵכִין 1 he set up, established; 2 he made firm, secured; 3 he prepared, made ready; 4 he provided, furnished; 5 he directed; 6 he arranged, ordered.
    — Pu. - הוּכַן 1 was set up, was established; 2 was prepared, was made ready. [Aram.-Syr. כַּוֵּן (= he made straight, put right), Ugar. kn (= to be), Arab. kāna (= he existed, was, it occurred), OSArab. כון (= to occur, exist), Ethiop. kōna (= was existed, became), Akka. kānu (= to be firm, be right). cp. כון ᴵᴵ. cp. also כֹּהֵל and שׁכל.] Derivatives: כֵּן ᴵᴵ, כּוֹנָן, כּוֹנְנוּת, הָכֵן, הֲכָנָה, מוּכָן, מְכוֹנָה, מְכוֹנֵן, מְכִינָה, נָכוֹן, תְּכוּנָה. cp. כֵּן ᴵ. cp. also כּוֹנָנִית, כִּנּוּן ᴵ, כִּנּוּן ᴵᴵ, כנן ᴵ.

כון ᴵᴵ to straighten, to direct.
    — Pi. - כִּוֵּן 1 he straightened; 2 he directed; 3 he determined exactly; 4 he made to correspond.
    — Pu. - כֻּוַּן 1 was straightened; 2 was directed; 3 was made to correspond.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּוֵּן .
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּוֵּן 1 he meant, purposed, intended; 2 he did intentionally.
    — Hiph. - הִכְוִין he adjusted, guided, directed, tuned (a musical instrument).
    — Hoph. - הֻכְוַן was adjusted, was guided, was directed, was tuned (said of a musical instrument).
    — Pilp. - כִּוְנֵן (see כונן). [Derived from כון ᴵ under the influence of Aram. כַּוֵּן (= he made straight, put right).] Derivatives: כִּוּוּן, כַּוָּן ᴵᴵ, כַּוָּנָה, כַּוֶּנֶת, כֵּיוָן, הֶכְוֵן, הַכְוָנָה, הִתְכַּוְּנוּת, מַכְוֵן, מְכֻוָּן, מִכְוָן.

כַּוָּן ᴵ m.n. heathen sacrificial cake (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 7:18 and 44:19, in the pl.). [Prob. a loan word from Akka. kamānu, kawānu (= a kind of bread).]

כַּוָּן ᴵᴵ m.n. expression (of the face). [From כִּוֵּן (= he directed). See כון ᴵᴵ.]

כַּוָּן ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. aimer (military). [From כִּוֵּן (= he directed). See כון ᴵᴵ.]

כֵּוָן see כֵּיוָן.

כַּוָּנָה f.n. PBH 1 intention. 2 attention. 3 devotion. MH 4 meaning. [From כִּוֵּן (= he directed). See כון ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כִּוְנוּן m.n. NH 1 adjustment. 2 attuning. [Verbal n. of כִּוְנֵן, Pi‘lel of כונן.]

כּוֹנָן m.n. NH rack. [From כּוֹנֵן (= he set up, established), Po‘lel of כון ᴵ. cp. כּוֹנָנִית.]

כונן to adjust, to attune.
    — Pi‘lel . - כִּוְנֵן 1 he adjusted, regulated; 2 he attuned.
    — Pul. - כֻּוְנַן 1 was adjusted, was regulated; 2 was attuned. [Pi‘lel of כון ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: כִּוְנוּן, כַּוְנָן, כַּוְנֶנֶת, מְכֻוְנָן.

כַּוְנָן m.n. 1 adjuster. 2 tuner. [From כונן.]

כּוֹנְנוּת f.n. MH preparedness, readiness. [From כּוֹנֵן (= he set up, established; he directed), Po‘lel of כון ᴵ. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

כּוֹנָנִית f.n. PBH shelf, book stand. (Prob. from כּוֹנֵן (= he set up, established). cp. כּוֹנָן.]

כַּוְנֶֽנֶת f.n. NH regulator (of a machine). [Formed from כונן with suff. ◌ֵת.]

כּוֹנֵס m.n. PBH 1 lower part of a winnowing shovel. NH 2 receiver (in liquidation of company). [Subst. use of the act. part. of כָּנַס (= he gathered, collected).]

כּוֹנֶֽרֶת f.n. NH viola. [Formed from כִּנּוֹר with suff. ◌ת.] Derivative: כּוֹנַרְתָּן.

כּוֹנַרְתָּן m.n. NH violist. [Formed from כּוֹנֶרֶת with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּוֶּֽנֶת f.n. NH sight (of a weapon), guide (in machines). [Formed from כִּוֵּן (= he directed). Pi. of כון. with suff. ◌ֶת.]

כּוֹס ᴵ f.n. (pl. כּוֹסוֹת) cup, goblet. [Aram.-Syr. כָּסָא. Ugar. ks, Arab. ka’s, Akka. kasu (= cup, goblet), cp. כּוּז. Derivatives: כּוֹסִיָּה, כּוֹסִית.

כּוֹס ᴵᴵ m.n. Athene noctua (a kind of owl). [Related to Akka. kāsu.]

כּוֹסִיָּה, כּוֹסִית f.n. NH a small glass. [Diminutives formed from כּוֹס ᴵ with suff. ◌ִיָּה or ◌ִית.]

כּוֹפָח m.n. PBH a small cooking stove. [Of unknown origin.]

כּוֹפֵל m.n. NH multiplier (mathematics). [Subst. use of the act. part. of כָּפַל (= he multiplied). See כפל.]

כּוֹפֵר m.n. PBH 1 unbeliever, atheist. 2 one who denies a charge. [Subst. use of the act. part of כָּפַר. See כפר ᴵᴵ. cp. Arab. kafara (= he denied). cp. also ‘Kaffir’ and ‘cafard’ in my CEDEL.]

כוץ to shrink, shrivel, contract.
    — Qal - כָּוַץ it shrank, contracted.
    — Niph. - נִכְוַץ it shrank, contracted.
    — Pi. - כִּוֵּץ he shrank (tr. v.).
    — Pu. - כֻּוַּץ was shrunk.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּוֵּץ it shrank, contracted.
    — Hiph. - הִכְוִיץ he shrank (tr. v.). [Prob. related to the bases קבץ and קפץ ᴵᴵ. cp. קוץ ᴵⱽ.] Derivatives: כָּווּץ, כִּוּוּץ, כָּוִיץ, כְּוִיצָה, כְּוִּיצוּת, כֶּוֶץ, כַּוֶּצֶת, הִתְכַּוְּצוּת, מְבֻוָּץ.

כֶּֽוֶץ m.n. NH shrinkage. [From כוץ.]

כַּוֶּֽצֶת f.n. NH eclampsia (medicine). [Coined from כוץ (= to shrink), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See e.g. אַדֶּמֶת.]

כור to be round. [Base of כִּיּוֹר, prob. also of כּוּר, כִּירַיִם, מְכוֹרָה, מְכוּרָה, possibly also of מְכֵרָה. Related to the bases כרר ᴵ and כרה ᴵ. cp. כיר.]

כּוּר m.n. melting pot, furnace (for melting metals). [Related to Aram.-Syr. כּוּרָא, Arab. kūr, Ethiop. kawer, Akka. kūru, kīru (= furnace), and to כִּירַיִם.]

כּוֹר, כֹּר m.n. a dry measure. [Together with Aram. כֹּר, Aram.-Syr. כּוֹרָא, prob. borrowed from Akka. kur(r)u, which itself is a loan word from Sumerian gur. Arab. kurr (= a dry measure) is a Syr. loan word. Gk. koros (= a dry measure) is borrowed from Heb. כֹּר. According to some scholars כֹּר derives from כרר (= was round), hence lit. means ‘a round vessel’.]

כּוֹרֶה m.n. digger, miner. [Subst. use of the part. of כָּרָה ᴵ. See כרה ᴵ.]

כּוֹרֵיאוֹגְרָף m.n. FW choreographer. [Compounded of Gk. choreus (= dance) and graphos, from graphein (= to write). The first element derives from choros (= dance in a ring, dance; chorus, choir), which derives from IE ĝher (= to seize, take, hold, close, envelop). See ‘chorus’ in my CEDEL. For the second element see ◌גְרָף. cp. כּוֹרֵיאוּס, כּוֹרָל.]

כּוֹרֵיאוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW choreography. [Compounded of Gk. choreia (= dance) and graphia (= description of). See כּוֹרֵיאוֹגְרָף and ◌גְרַפְיָה.]

כּוֹרֵיאוּס m.n. FW trochee (prosody). [L., from Gk. choreios (= pertaining to a chorus), adj. used as a noun, from choros (= dance in a ring; chorus). See כּוֹרֵיאוֹגְרָף.]

כּוֹרֵךְ m.n. MH bookbinder. [Subst. use of the part. of כָּרַךְ (= he bound). See כרך.] Derivatives: כּוֹרְכוּת, כּוֹרְכָן.

כּוֹרְכוּת f.n. NH bookbinding. [Formed from כּוֹרֵךְ, with suff. ◌וּת.]

כּוֹרְכָן m.n. NH binder. [Formed from כּוֹרֵךְ with suff. ◌ָן.]

כּוֹרָל m.n. FW choral. [Ger. Choral, shortened from Choralgesang, translation of Med. L. cantus chorālis (= choral song), from L. cantus (= song) and Med. L. chorālis (= pertaining to the chorus), from L. chorus (= chorus), from Gk. choros (= dance in a ring, dance; chorus). See כּוֹרֵיאוֹגְרָף.]

כּוֹרָלִי adj. FW choral. [Formed from כּוֹרָל with suff. ◌ִי.]

כּוֹרֵם m.n. vine grower, vinedresser. [Denominated from כֶּרֶם.] Derivative: כּוֹרְמוּת.

כּוֹרְמוּת f.n. NH vine growing, viticulture. [Formed from כּוֹרֵם with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּוְּרָן m.n. NH beekeeper, apiarist. [Formed from כַּוֶּרֶת with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: כַּוְּרָנוּת.

כַּוְּרָנוּת f.n. NH beekeeping, apiculture. [Formed from כַּוְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּוֶּֽרֶת f.n. PBH beehive. [Prob. a loan word from Pers. kawār, kuwār. Arab. kuwwārah is prob. borrowed from Aram. כַּוַּרְתָּא.] Derivatives: כַּוְּרָן, מִכְוֶרֶת.

כּוֹרֵת m.n. cutter. [Subst. use of the act. part. of כָּרַת. See כרת.]

כּוֹשׁ m.n. PBH spindle. [Of unknown origin.]

כּוּשִׁי adj. & n. 1 Ethiopian. PBH 2 Negro. [Formed from כּוּשׁ (= Ethiopia) with suff. ◌ִי.]

כּוֹשֵׁל adj. 1 weak, failing. PBH 2 being under legal disadvantage. NH 3 sinning unintentionally. NH 4 unsuccessful. [Part. of כָּשַׁל. See כשׁל.]

כּוֹשֶֽׁרֶת, כּוֹשָׁרָה f.n. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 68:7 in the pl. and prob. meaning ‘prosperity’). [Prob. a derivative of כשׁר.]

כּוֹתֵב m.n. PBH 1 writer, scribe. 2 the pointed end of a pen or pencil. [Subst. use of the act. part. of כָּתַב. See כתב.] Derivative: כּוֹתְבָן.

כּוֹתְבָן m.n. PBH 1 writer, scribe. 2 calligrapher, scrivener. [Formed from כּוֹתֵב with suff. ◌ָן.]

כּוֹתֶֽבֶת f.n. PBH a dried date. [Of uncertain origin.]

כּוּתָח m.n. PBH sauce made of sour milk and salt. [From Pers. katah, from Turkish katyk (= something eaten additionally, something added), from katmak (= to add).]

כּוּתִי m.n. PBH Cuthean, Samaritan. [Formed from the town name כּוּת (= Cuth) with suff. ◌ִי.]

כּוֹתֶֽפֶת f.n. NH epaulette. [Formed from כָּתֵף (= shoulder).]

כּוֹתָר m.n. NH 1 headline (in newspaper), heading, caption. 2 title (of a book). [A secondary form of כּוֹתֶֽרֶת.]

כּוֹתֶֽרֶת f.n. 1 capital of a pillar (lit. ‘that which surrounds or crowns the top’). NH 2 corolla (botany). NH 3 headline (in a newspaper). [From כתר (= to surround, to crown).] Derivative: כּוֹתַרְתָּן. cp. כּוֹתָר.

כּוֹתַרְתָּן m.n. NH headliner. [Formed from כּוֹתֶרֶת with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כּוֹתֵשׁ m.n. PBH a small mortar for pounding olives. [Subst. use of the act. part. of כָּתַשׁ (= he pounded). See כתשׁ.]

כזב to lie, to tell a lie.
    — Qal - כָּזַב 1 he lied, was a liar; PBH 2 it failed, dried up (said of a stream).
    — Niph. - נִכְזָב 1 was proved false, was made disappointed.
    — Pi. - כִּזֵּב 1 the lied, told to lie; 2 he became faithless; 3 it failed, dried up (said of a stream).
    — Pu. - כֻּזַּב (see מְכֻזָּב).
    — Hiph. - הִכְזִיב 1 he gave the lie to; NH 2 he disappointed.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְזַב was exposed as a liar, was confuted. [Aram.-Syr. כְּדַב, Arab. kadhaba (= he lied), TA kazābu (= to lie), kazbūtu (= a lie), Akka. kunzubu, kuzzubu (= to flatter).] Derivatives: כּוֹזֵב, כָּזָב, כַּזְּבָן, כִּזָּבוֹן, כִּזּוּב, אַכֽזָב, אַכְזָבָה, הַכְזָבָה, נִכְזָב.

כָּזָב m.n. lie, falsehood, deception; deceptive thing. [From כזב.]

כִּזָּבוֹן m.n. NH (pl. כִּזְבוֹנוֹת) a lie. [Formed from כזב with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

כִּזְּבּוּן m.n. NH lying, fibbing (colloq.). [Verbal n. of כִּזֽבֵּן, Pi. of כזבן.]

כַּזְּבָן m.n. PBH liar. [Formed from כִּזֵּב, Pi. of כָּזַב, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: כזבן, כַּזְּבָנוּת, כַּזְּבָנִי.

כזבן to lie.
    — Pi. - כִּזְבֵּן he lied; he fibbed (colloq.). [Back formation from כַּזְּבָן.]

כַּזְּבָנוּת f.n. MH lying, deceitfulness. [Formed from כַּזְּבָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּזְּבָנִי adj. NH lying, deceitful, mendacious. [Formed from כַּזְּבָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

כִּזּוּב m.n. NH lying. [Verbal n. of כִּזֵּב, Pi. of כזב.]

כזר base of אַכְזָר. [Aram. אִתְכְּזַר (= he was cruel), Syr. כְּזִרָיָא (= merciless).]

כֹּֽחַ ᴵ m.n. (pl. כֹּחוֹת) strength, power, force, vigor. [Prob. from base כוח. cp. Aram. כּוֹחָא (= strength, power). cp. also Arab. kaḥa (= he defeated), wakaha (= he battered down).] Derivatives: כֹּחִי, כֹּחָנִו.

כֹּֽחַ ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. כֹּחִים) a kind of a lizard (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 11:30). [Of unknown origin.]

כחד to be hidden, to be effaced, be destroyed.
    — Niph. - נִכְחַד 1 was hidden, was concealed; 2 was effaced, was destroyed.
    — Pi. - כִּחֵד he hid, concealed.
    — Hiph. - הִכְחִיד 1 he hid, concealed; 2 he destroyed, annihilated.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְחַד was destroyed, was annihilated. [Aram. אִתְכַּחַד (= was effaced, was destroyed), Syr. אֶתְכַּחַד (= stood in awe, revered, was ashamed), Ethiop. kaḥada (= he denied, apostatized), Arab. jaḥada (= he denied).] Derivatives: כַּחַד, כִּחוּד, הַכְחָדָה, נִכְחָד.

כַּֽחַד m.n. MH concealing (poetically). [From כחד.]

כחה to clear the throat, expectorate.
    — Qal - כָּחָה he cleared the throat, expectorated. [Of imitative origin. cp. the bases כחח, כיח.]

כִּחוּד m.n. MH concealing, concealment. [Verbal n. of כִּחֵד (= he hid, concealed), Pi. of כחד.]

כָּחוּל adj. PBH painted with powder (said of the eyelids). [Pass. part. of כחל.]

כְּחוֹל m.n. PBH 1 powder used for painting the eyelids. NH 2 the blue color, azure. [From כחל.]

כָּחוּשׁ adj. PBH lean, thin, meager. [Pass. part. of כָּחַשׁ. See כחשׁ ᴵ.] Derivative: כְּחִישׁוּת.

כִּחוּשׁ m.n. MH denial. [Verbal n. of כִּחֵשׁ (= he denied). See כחשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

כְּחוּשׁ m.n. MH leanness, thinness. [From כחשׁ ᴵ.]

כחח to clear the throat, expectorate.
    — Qal - כָּחַח he cleared the throat, expectorated. [Of imitative origin. cp. the bases כחה, כיח, כחכח.]

כֹּחִי adj. MH 1 strong, vigorous. 2 potential. [Formed from כֹּחַ ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי. cp. כֹּחָנִי.] Derivative: כֹּחִיּוּת.

כֹּחִיּוּת f.n. MH 1 strength, vigor. 2 potentiality. [Formed from כֹּחִי with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כֹּחָנִיּוּת.]

כְּחִילָה f.n. MH 1 painting the eyelids with powder. NH 2 painting blue. [Verbal n. of כָּחַל. See כחל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּחִילוּת f.n. NH blue color. [From כחל. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּחִישָׁה ᴵ f.n. PBH leanness, thinness. [Verbal n. of כָּחַשׁ. See כחשׁ ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּחִישָׁה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH denial. [From כחשׁ ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּחִישׁוּת f.n. MH leanness, thinness. [Formed from כָּחוּשׁ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. כְּחִישׁוּתָא.]

כִּחְכְּוּחַ m.n. NH clearing the throat, expectoration. [Verbal n. of כִּחְכַּח. See כחכח.]

כחכח to clear the throat, expectorate.
    — Pilp. - כִּחְכַּח he cleared the throat, expectorated. [Formed from כחח or כיח with reduplication.] Derivative: כִּחְכּוּחַ.

כחל to paint the eyelids with antimony; to paint blue.
    — Qal - כָּחַל he painted the eyelids with antimony, painted the eyelids blue (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 23:40 in the form כָּחַלְתָּ).
    — Pi. - כִּחֵל he painted with antimony, painted blue.
    — Pu. - כֻּחַל was painted with antimony, was painted blue.
    — Hiph. - הִכְחִיל 1 was blue; 2 became blue; 3 he painted blue.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְחַל was painted blue. [Aram.-Syr. כְּחַל, Arab. kaḥala, Ethiop. kaḥala (= he painted the eyelids with antimony). These verbs are prob. denominated. cp. Aram. כֻּחְלָא, Syr. כּוּחְלָא, Arab. kuḥl, Ethiop. keḥl (= antimony). Akka. guhlu (= antimony), is prob. a Sem. loan word. cp. כֹּהַל.] Derivatives: הַכְחָלָה, כָּחָל ᴵ, כָּחָל ᴵᴵ, כֹּחַל, כָּחֹל, כַּחְלִיל, כַּחֶלֶת, כְּחֵלֶת, מִכְחוֹל. cp. אַלְכּוֹהוֹל.

כָּחָל ᴵ, כֹּֽחַל m.n. PBH antimony (used for painting the eyelids). [From כחל.]

כָּחָל ᴵᴵ m.n. NH Coracias garrula (name of a bird). [From כָּחֹל; so called in allusion to its color.]

כָּחֹל adj. PBH blue. [From כחל.] Derivatives: כָּחָל ᴵᴵ, כַּחְלוּלִי, כַּחְלוּת, כְּחַלְחַל.

כְּחָל m.n. PBH udder. [Of unknown origin.]

כַּחְלוּלִי adj. NH bluish. [Formed from כָּחֹל through reduplication of the third radical.] Derivative: כַּחְלוּלִית.

כַּחְלוּלִית f.n. NH bluishness. [Formed from כַּחְלוּלִי with suff. ◌ִית.]

כַּחְלוּת f.n. NH blue color. [Formed from כָּחֹל with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּחַלְחַל adj. NH bluish. [Formed from כָּחֹל on the analogy of אֲדַמְדַם (= reddish) from אָדֹם (= red), and יְרַקְרַק (= greenish) from יָרֹק (= green).] Derivatives: כְּחַלְחֲלּוּת, כְּחַלְחֹלֶת.

כְּחַלְחַלּוּת f.n. NH bluishness. [Formed from כְּחַלְחַל with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּחַלְחֹֽלֶת f.n. NH bluish color. [Formed from כְּחַלְחַל with suff. ◌ֶת.]

כַּחְלִיל m.n. NH bluish color. [Formed from כחל through reduplication of the third radical.] Derivatives: כַּחְלִילוּת, כַּחְלִילִי.

כַּחְלִילוּת f.n. NH bluishness. [Formed from כַּחְלִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּחְלִילִי adj. bluish. [Formed from כַּחְלִיל with suff. ◌ִי.]

כְּחֵֽלֶת f.n. NH the blue color, blue. [Formed from כחל on the analogy of תְּכֵלֶת (= blue).]

כַּחֶֽלֶת f.n. NH cyanosis (medicine). [Coined from כָּחוֹל (= blue) on the analogy of the scientific name, which derives from Gk. kyanos (= the dark blue color), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See e.g. אַדֶּמֶת.]

כֹּחָנִי adj. MH 1 strong, vigorous. 2 potential. [Formed from כֹּחַ ᴵ with suff. ◌ָני. cp. כֹּחִי.] Derivative: כֹּחָנִיּוּת

כֹּחָנִיוּת f.n. MH 1 strength, vigor. 2 potentiality. [Formed from כֹּחָנִי with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כֹּחִיּוּת.]

כחשׁ ᴵ to become lean.
    — Qal - כָּחַשׁ became lean, was reduced.
    — Niph. - נִכְחַשׁ became lean.
    — Hiph. - הִכְחִישׁ 1 became lean; 2 he made lean.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְחַשׁ was made lean. [Aram. כְּחַשׁ (= he grew lean), אַכְחֵשׁ (= he reduced, weakened). cp. כחשׁ ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: כָּחוּשׁ, כְּחִישָׁה ᴵ, כַּחַשׁ ᴵ, הַכְחָשָׁה ᴵ.

כחשׁ ᴵᴵ to deceive, deny, disappoint.
    — Pi. - כִּחֵשׁ 1 he deceived; 2 he denied; 3 he disappointed.
    — Pu. - כֻּחַשׁ 1 was deceived; 2 was denied.
    — Niph. - נִכְחַשׁ he cringed (the lit. meaning prob. is ‘he acted deceptively by feigning obedience’).
    — Hiph. - הִתְכַּחֵשׁ 1 he cringed; NH 2 he estranged himself.
    — Hiph. - הִכְחִישׁ NH 1 he declared false, denied; 2 he contradicted.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְחַשׁ PBH 1 he was given the lie, was contradicted; NH 2 was declared false. [Aram. אַכְחֵשׁ (= he contradicted), Ugar. tkḥ (of s.m.). Perhaps sense enlargement of כחשׁ ᴵ.] Derivatives: כְּחִישָׁה ᴵᴵ, כַּחַשׁ ᴵᴵ, כֶּחָשׁ, הֶכְחֵשׁ, הַכְחָשָׁה, הִתְכַּחֲשׁוּת, מֻכְחָשׁ.

כַּֽחַשׁ ᴵ m.n. MH leanness. [From כחשׁ ᴵ. cp. Aram. כַּחְשָׁא (= leanness).]

כַּחַשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. lie, deceit. [From כחשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

כֶּחָשׁ m.n. lying, false (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 30:9). [From כחש ᴵᴵ.]

כִּי ᴵ conj. 1 that. 2 because. 3 when, while, as. 4 if, in case. 5 although, though. [כִּי was orig. a demonstrative pron. meaning ‘thus’, ‘therefore’, ‘then’. It is related to Phoen. כ, Moabite כי, Punic כא, כה, כע, Aram. כִּי (= as, like), Ugar. k (= as, when, that), Akka. kī (= as, like), prob. also to Arab. kay (= that, in order that), Syr. כַּי (= then). See prefix כְּ◌ and כֹּה.]

כִּי ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. כִּיִּים) burning, branding (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 3:24). [From כוה (= to burn).]

כַּיָאוּת adv. NH properly, fairly. [Formed from יָאוּת with pref. כְּ◌.]

כִּיאַזְם m.n. FW chiasmus [Modern L. chiasmus, from Gk. chiasmos (= a placing crosswise), from chiazein (= to write the letter x), from chei, chi (= name of the 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet). cp. כִּיּוּת.]

כֵּיב m.n. NH ulcer. [From Aram. כֵּיבָא (= pain), which is related to Heb. כְּאֵב, of s.m. (q.v.). The form כִּיב, given by most lexicographers, is wrong. Since כיב derives from Aram. כֵּיבָא, which is related to Heb. כְּאֵב, its punctuation must be כֵּיב. The same applies to the adj. כיבי, which must be punctuated כֵּיבִי.] Derivatives: כיב, כֵּיבִי.

כיב to cause pain.
    — Pi. - כִּיֵּב he caused pain. [Denominated from כֵּיב. cp. Aram. כַּיָּב (= he caused pain).] Derivative: כִּיּוּב.

כֵּיבִי adj. NH ulcerous, ulcerated. [Formed from כֵּיב with suff. ◌ִי.]

כִּיד m.n. misfortune, calamity (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 21:20). [Related to Arab. kayd (= war).]

כִּידוֹד m.n. spark (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 41:11 in the c. st. pl.). [From כיד (= to emit fire), which is related to Arab. kāda (= it emitted fire). cp. יְדוֹד.]

כִּידוֹן m.n. 1 spear, javelin, dart. NH 2 bayonet. [Prob. related to Arab. kadda, Ethiop. kedda (= he thrust).] Derivatives: כדן ᴵᴵ, כִּידוֹנִי.

כִּידוֹנִי adj. NH piercing, sharp. [Formed from כִּידוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

כִּידוֹר m.n. onset, assault (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 15:24). [Prob. related to Syr. כּוּדְרָא (= bird of prey), and to Arab. inkadara (= it rushed down — said of a hawk).]

כִּיּוּב m.n. NH helcosis (medicine). [Verbal n. of כִּיֵּב, Pi. of כיב.]

כִּיּוּל m.n. NH 1 measurement. 2 calibration. [Verbal n. of כִּיֵּל (= he measured), Pi. of כול.]

כִּיּוּן m.n. the planet Saturn. [From Akka. kaymānu, kaywānu, whence also Syr. כֶּאוָן, Arab. and Pers. kaywan (= the planet Saturn). כִּיּוּן was vocalized after שִׁקּוּץ (= abomination). Akka. kaymānu prob. derives from base כום for קום (= to stand).]

כֵּיוָן, כֵּוָן adv. PBH directly, exactly. [From כון ᴵᴵ.]

כִּיּוּס m.n. NH pickpocketing. [Verbal n. of כִּיֵּס. See כיס.]

כִּיּוֹר m.n. (pl. כִּיּוֹרִים, also כִּיּוֹרוֹת) 1 pot, basin. 2 washstand. 3 platform. [From כור (= to be round).]

כִּיּוּר m.n. PBH 1 paneling. NH 2 modeling, molding. [Verbal n. of כִּיֵּר. See כיר.]

כִּיּוּת f.n. NH chiasmus. [Coined by M. H. Segal, 1876–1968, on the analogy of L. chiasmus, from כִּי (= Gk. chei, chi, name of the letter x) and suff. ◌וּת. cp. כִּיאַזְם.]

כיח to cough up phlegm, expectorate.
    — Qal - כָּח he coughed up phlegm, expectorated. [Of imitative origin. cp. the bases כחה, כחח.] Derivatives: כִּיחַ, כִּיחָה, כַּיְחָן.

כִּֽיחַ m.n. PBH phlegm. [From כיח.]

כִּיחָה f.n. MH coughing up phlegm, expectoration. [Verbal n. of כָּח. See כיח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כַּיְחָן m.n. NH one who expectorates frequently. [Formed from כיח with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּֽיִל m.n. MH measure. [From כול (= to comprehend, contain, measure). cp. Syr. כַּיְלָא (= measure), Arab. kayl (= measure for grain).]

כיל see כול.

כַּיָּל m.n. PBH surveyor. [Nomen opificis formed from כִּיֵּל (= he measured), Pi. of כול.]

כִּילָאוּת f.n. MH stinginess, avarice. [Formed from כִּילַי with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כִּילוּת.]

כִּילוֹן m.n. PBH one who has a wedge-shaped head. [Borrowed from L. cīlō, a word of Etruscan origin.]

כִּילוּת f.n. MH stinginess, avarice. [Formed from כִּילַי with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כִּילָאוּת.]

כִּילַי m.n. (pl. כִּילָיִים and כִּילָאִים) 1 knave. MH 2 miser. [Perhaps derived from נכל (= to be deceitful, be knavish), or from כלה or כלא ᴵ (= to hold together).] Derivatives: כִּילָאוּת, כִּילוּת.

כֵּילָף m.n. (pl. כֵּילַפּוֹת) ax, hatchet (in the Bible, a hapax legomenon, occurring in the pl., Ps. 74:6). [A loan word from Akka. kalappatu, also kalabbatu (= ax, hatchet), which is prob. related to Aram. כּוּלְבָּא (of s.m.).]

כִּימַאי m.n. NH chemist. [Formed from כִּימְיָה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

כִּימָה f.n. constellation of the Pleiades. [Related to Aram. כִּימְתָא, Syr. כִּימָא (of s.m.), Arab. kūm (= heap, herd of camels).]

כִּימִי adj. FW chemical. [From כִּימְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

כִּימְיָה f.n. FW chemistry. [From Arab. kīmiyā (= alchemy; chemistry), which derives from Med. Gk. chemeia, properly black land, from Gk. chemia (= Blackland, Egypt), from Egypt. khem, khame (= black). The derivation from Gk. chymeia (= pouring) is folk etymology. See ‘alchemy’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: כִּימַאי, כִּימִי.

כִּינִין, חִינִין m.n. FW quinine, chinine. [From Sp. quina, short of quinquina (= cinchona bark), from Quechua quinquina (of s.m.).]

כִּיס m.n. 1 pocket. PBH 2 bag, purse. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כִּיסָא, Arab. kīs, Ethiop. kis, Akka. kīsu and kīshu (= bag, purse).] Derivatives: כַּיָּס, כִּיסוֹן.

כַּיָּס m.n. NH pickpocket. [Coined by Ithamar Benavi, 1882–1943, from כִּיס (= pocket), according to the form פַּעָל. cp. גַּנָּב (= thief). Derivatives: כיס, כַּיָּסוּת.

כיס to steal money out of someone’s pocket.
    — Pi. - כִּיֵּס he stole money out of someone’s pocket.
    — Pu. - כֻּיַּס (money) was stolen out of someone’s pocket. [Denominated from כַּיָּס.]

כִּיסוֹן m.n. NH a small pocket. [Formed from כִּיס with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

כַּיָּסוּת f.n. NH pickpocketing. [Formed from כַּיָּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

כִּיסָן, כִּסָּן m.n. PBH stuffed dumpling. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps derived from כסס (= to chew).]

כיף ᴵ to force.
    — Pi. - כִּיֵּף he forced. [Related to the bases כפה, כפף.]

כיף ᴵᴵ to have a good time (slang). [From Arab. kayf (= state, condition, state of mind, pleasure, well-being), which derives from the interrogative pron. kaifa (= how?).]

כֵּיצַד adv. PBH how, in what manner. [Contraction of pref. כְּ◌, interrogative pron. אֵי, short of אֵיזֶה (= which), and the noun צַד (= side), hence lit. meaning ‘according to which side?’]

כיר to decorate a wall with panels.
    — Pi. - כִּיֵּר PBH 1 he decorated a wall with panels. NH 2 he modeled, moulded.
    — Pu. - כֻּיַּר PBH 1 was decorated with panels (said of a wall); NH 2 was modeled, was moulded. [From base כור (= to be round).] Derivatives: כִּיּוּר, כַּיִר, כְּיָר, מְכֻיָּר.

כַּֽיִר m.n. MH (pl. כֵּירִים) moulding. [From כיר.]

כְּיָר m.n. NH model, mould. [From כיר.]

כִּירָה f.n. PBH portable stove. [Back formation from כִּירַיִם.]

כִּירוֹמַנְטְיָה f.n. FW chiromancy. [Lit. ‘divination from the hand’, formed from Gk. cheir (= hand), and manteia (= oracle, divination). See ‘chiro’ and ‘-mancy’ in my CEDEL. cp. second element in נֶקְרוֹמַנְטְיָה.]

כִּירוּרְג m.n. FW surgeon. [From Gk. cheiroergos (= working by hand), which is compounded of cheir (= hand) and ergon (= work).]

כִּירַֽיִם m. & f. dual pl. cooking stove. [From כור (= to be round). cp. כִּירָה.]

כִּישׁוֹר m.n. distaff (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 31:19). [cp. Aram. כּוּשָׁרָא, כּוּנְשָׁרָא. Of uncertain origin.]

כָּךְ adv. PBH so. [Prob. shortened from Biblical Heb. כָּכָה. cp. the second element in הִלְכָּךְ and in לְפִיכָךְ.]

ככב to light with stars, to star.
    — Qal - כָּכַב (it) lit with stars.
    — Hiph. - הִכְכִּיב he made a star of (film, etc.).
    — Hoph. - הֻכְכַּב was made a star (film, etc.).
    — Pi. - כִּכֵּב he starred. [Denominated from כּוֹכָב (= star).] Derivatives: כָּכוּב, כִּכּוּב.

כָּֽכָה adv. So. [Reduplication of כָּה. See כֹּה and cp. כָּךְ.] Derivative: כָּכוּת.

כָּכוּב adj. NH strewn with stars, starry. [Pass. part. of כָּכַב. See ככב.]

כִּכּוּב m.n. NH starring. [Verbal n. of כִּכֵּב. See ככב.]

כָּכוּת f.n. NH being so. [Formed from כָּכָה with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּכַּי m.n. PBH pith of a reed. [Of uncertain origin.]

כִּכְלִי see קִיכְלִי.

כִּכָּר ᴵ f.n. (pl. כִּכָּרוֹת) 1 district. 2 square. [From כִּרְכָּר, from כרר. cp. Aram. כַּכָּרָא, Egypt.-Aram. כנכר. cp. also כִּכָּר ᴵᴵ and כִּכָּר ᴵᴵᴵ.]

כִּכָּר ᴵᴵ m. & f.n. talent (weight). [Assimilated from כרר. cp. Phoen. ככר, Aram. כִּכְּרָא, Syr. כַּכְּרָא (= talent). cp. also כִּכָּר ᴵ and כִּכָּר ᴵᴵᴵ and see the introductory entry to letter ר.]

כִּכָּר ᴵᴵᴵ m. & f.n. (pl. כִּכָּרוֹת, also כִּכָּרִים) loaf of bread. [From כרכר, from כרר. cp. כִּכָּר ᴵ and כִּכָּר ᴵᴵ.]

כֹּל m.n. all, whole, the whole of. [From כלל ᴵ (= to comprehend, include). cp. Aram. (also BAram.) כֹּל, כָּל◌, Ugar. kl, Arab. kull, Ethiop. kellā, OSArab. כל, Akka. kullatu (= the whole of). See כֻּלֵּי.]

כלא ᴵ to withhold, restrain.
    — Qal - כָּלָא 1 he shut up, imprisoned; 2 he withheld, restrained.
    — Niph. - נִכְלָא 1 was withheld, was restrained; NH 2 was shut up, was imprisoned. [Aram.-Syr. כְּלָא (= he restrained, hindered), Ethiop. kal’a (of s.m.), Akka. kalū (= to restrain, hinder), Arab. kala’a (= he guarded, preserved, watched, protected). Related to the bases כלה, כלל ᴵ.] Derivatives: כֶּלֶא, כָּלוּא, כְּלוּא, כַּלִּיא, כְּלִיאָה, הִכָּלְאוּת, מִכְלָאָה, מִכְלָה ᴵ.

כלא ᴵᴵ to crossbreed, to cross, hybridize.
    — Hiph. - הִכְלִיא 1 he crossbred (animals); 2 he crossed, hybridized (plants).
    — Hoph. - הֻכְלָא 1 was crossbred; 2 was crossed, was hybridized. [Back formation from כִּלְאַיִם.] Derivatives: הַכְלָאָה, מֻכְלָא.

כֶּֽלֶא m.n. confinement, imprisonment, prison. [From כלא ᴵ.]

כְּלֹא adv. as if not, as though not. [Formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= as), and לֹא (= not).]

כְּלַאי m.n. NH loss. [From כלה.]

כִּלְאַֽיִם m. dual n. 1 diverse kinds, mixture, hybrid. 2 ‘Kilayim’ — a Mishnah and Tosephta tractate in the order זְרָעִים. [Lit‘two kinds’Related to Arab kilāni (= both), Ethiop. kel’ē (= two), Akka. kilallān (m.), kilattān (f.) (= both), kilāte (= both hands), Ugar. klt ydy (= both my hands).] Derivative: כלא ᴵᴵ.

כֶּֽלֶב m.n. dog. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כַּלְבָּא, Ugar. klb (m.), klbt (f.), Arab. kalb, Ethiop. kalb, Akka. kalbu (= dog).] Derivatives: כלב ᴵᴵ, prob. also כלב ᴵ, כַּלְבָּה, כַּלְבּוֹן, כַּלְבִּי, כַּלְבִּיָּה, כְּלַבְלָב, כַּלְבָּן, כַּלֶּבֶת, כְּלַבְתָּא.

כלב ᴵ to make irregular stitches.
    — Pi. - כִּלֵּב he made irregular stitches.
    — Pu. - כֻּלֵּב was sewed with irregular stitches.
    — Hiph. - הִכְלִיב he made irregular stitches.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְלַב was sewed with irregular stitches. [Prob. derived from כֶּלֶב (= dog), and lit. meaning ‘to make stitches resembling dog bites’.] Derivatives: הַכְלָבָה, כְּלִיבָה ᴵᴵ, מִכְלָב, מֻכְלָב, מְכֻלָּב, מַכְלִיב.

כלב ᴵᴵ to become like a dog.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּלֵּב became like a dog. [Denominated from כֶּלֶב. cp. Arab. kaliba (= was seized by hydrophobia, became mad).]

כַּלְבָּה f.n. PBH bitch. [f. of כֶּלֶב.]

כַּלְבּוֹן m.n. NH a small dog, puppy. [Formed from כֶּלֶב with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

כַּלְבִּי adj. MH doglike, canine. [Formed from כֶּלֶב with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: כַּלְבִּיּוּת.

כַּלְבִּיָּה f.n. NH kennel. [Formed from כֶּלֶב with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

כַּלְבִּיּוּת f.n. MH doggishness. [Formed from כַּלְבִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

כִּלְבִּית PBH (also spelled כִּלְכִּית) name of a small fish. [See כִּלְכִּית.]

כְּלַבְלָב m.n. NH small dog, puppy. [Dimin. formed from כֶּלֶב through reduplication of the second and third radicals.] Derivative: כְּלַבְלָבוֹן.

כְּלַבְלָבוֹן m.n. NH a small dog, puppy. [Formed from כְּלַבְלָב with suff. ◌וֹן.]

כַּלְבָּן m.n. NH dog trainer. [Formed from כֶּלֶב with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: כַּלְבָּנוּת.

כַּלְבָּנוּת f.n. NH training of dogs. [Formed from כַּלְבָּן with stiff. ◌וּת.]

כַּלֶּֽבֶת f.n. NH rabies, hydrophobia (disease). [Coined from כֶּלֶב (= dog), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See e.g. אַדֶּמֶת.]

כְּלַבְתָּא f.n. PBH bitch, shrew (slang). [From Aram. כַּלְבְּתָא (= bitch), f. of כַּלְבָּא. The erroneous form כְּלַבְתָּא is based on the Yiddish pronunciation of the word.]

כלה ᴵ to be completed, be finished.
    — Qal - כָּלָה 1 was completed, was finished; 2 was destroyed, perished; 3 was spent, was consumed; 4 he pined, wasted away.
    — Pi. - כִּלָּה 1 he completed, ended, finished; 2 he accomplished, fulfilled; 3 he caused to cease, destroyed.
    — Pu. - כֻּלָּה was completed, was finished.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּלָּה it was destroyed, was consumed. [Aram. כְּלָא (= ceased, perished), Ugar. kly (= to end, come to an end), Akka. kalū (= to cease), kālu (= the whole). Related to the bases כלא ᴵ, כלל ᴵ.] Derivatives: כְּלַשי, כָּלָה (n.), כָּלֶה, כָּלוּי ᴵ, כִּלּוּי, כְּלָיָה, כִּלָּיוֹן, הִתְכַּלּוּת, מִתְכַּלֶּה, תֶּכֶל, תִּכְלָה, תַּכְלִית. cp. כְּלַךְ.

כלה ᴵᴵ according to some scholars base of כְּלִי (= article, utensil, vessel).

כַּלָּה ᴵ f.n. 1 bride. 2 daughter-in-law. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כַּלְּתָא (= bride, daughter-in-law), Ugar. klt (= bride), Akka. kallatu and kallātu (bride, daughter-in-law), Arab. kanna (= daughter-in-law, sister-in-law). Of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: כְּלוּלוֹת. cp. כַּלָּנִית.

כַּלָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH ‘Kallah’ — general assembly of students held in the months of Elul and Adar. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a derivative of. כלל ᴵ.]

כָּלָה f.n. end, completion, complete destruction. [From כלה ᴵ.]

כָּלֶה adj. pining (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 28:32 in the phrase עֵינַיִם כָּלוֹת (= failing eyes). [From כלה ᴵ.]

כִּלָּה f.n. PBH 1 mosquito netting. 2 curtained bed, canopy.

כֻּלֵּהּ all of it. [Aram., third pers. m. suff. form of כֹּל (= all). See כֹּל and cp. וְכֻלֵּהּ.]

כָּלוּא adj. 1 imprisoned. NH 2 enclosed (geometry). [Pass. part. of כָּלָא. See כלא ᴵ and cp. כָּלוּי ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: כְּלִיאוּת.

כְּלוּא m.n. prison. [From כלא ᴵ.]

כְּלוּב m.n. 1 bird cage. 2 basket. [Related to TA kilubi (= bird net), Syr. כּוּלִבָּשֵׁא (= baskets for grapes). Gk. klobos (= bird cage), is a Heb. loan word.] cp. כְּלִיבָה ᴵ

כָּלוּי ᴵ adj. NH perished, lost. [Pass. part. of כלה ᴵ.]

כָּלוּי ᴵᴵ adj. PBH confined, imprisoned. [A secondary form of כָּלוּא.]

כִּלּוּי m.n. PBH 1 completion. 2 destruction. [Verbal n. of כִּלָּה (= he completed; he destroyed), Pi. of כלה ᴵ.]

כָּלוּל adj. PBH included. [Pass. part. of כָּלַל. See כלל ᴵ.]

כִּלּוּל m.n. MH 1 completion, perfection. NH 2 inclusion. [Verbal n. of כִּלֵּל (= he completed; he included), Pi. of כלל ᴵ.]

כְּלוּלוֹת f.n. pl. 1 betrothal, espousal (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:2 in the form כְּלוּלוֹתָיִךְ). 2 marriage. [From כַּלָּה ᴵ.]

כְּלוּם pron. & adv. PBH 1 something, anything. 2 is there…? has…? [כְּלוּם is the PBH equivalent of BH מְאוּמָה. It is prob. a contraction of כָּל־מְאוּם and lit. means ‘every speck’, ‘every point’. This derivation gains in probability if we bear in mind that מְאוּמָה is properly the accusative of מְאוּם (see מְאוּמָה), and thus כְּלוּם is not only synonymous with, but, through the second element, also etymologically related to מְאוּמָה (the first element, כָּל, serving only as emphasis).]

כְּלוֹמַר adv. PBH that is to say, namely, to wit. [Aram., formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= as) and לוֹמַר, inf. of אָמַר (= he said). See כְּ◌ and אמר ᴵ.]

כְּלוֹנָס m.n. PBH (pl. כְּלוֹנְסָאוֹת, also כְּלוֹנְסָיוֹת) pole, post. [From L. columna (= pillar, column), which prob. stands for qelom(e)nā (= that which rises), f. pass. part. formed from IE base qel- (= to rise, be elevated). cp. ‘column’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.]

כְּלוֹר m.n. FW chlorine (chemistry). (From Gk. chloros (= greenish yellow, pale green, green fresh). See ‘yellow’ in my CEDEL.]

כִּלּוּר m.n. NH chlorination. [Verbal n. of כִּלֵּר, Pi. of כלר.]

כְּלוֹרוֹזִיס m.n. FW chlorosis (disease). [Med. L. chlorosis, formed from Gk. chloros (= greenish yellow) with suff. -osis. See כְּלוֹר.]

כְּלוֹרוֹפוֹרְם m.n. FW chloroform (chemistry). [Fren. chloroforme, a hybrid coined by Jean Baptiste Dumas in 1834 from Gk. chloros (= greenish yellow) and Fren. formique (= formic), from L. formīca (= ant); so called by him in allusion to its capacity of forming potassium chloride and formic acid.]

כְּלוֹרוֹפִיל m.n. FW chlorophyll. [Fren. chlorophylle, coined by the French chemists Pierre Joseph Pelletier, 1788–1842 and Joseph Biename Caventou, 1795–1877 from Gk. chloros (= greenish yellow), and phyllon (= leaf), which is cogn. with L. folium (= leaf). See ‘folio’ in my CEDEL, and cp. ‘phyllo-’ ibid.]

כְּלוֹרִיד m.n. FW chloride (chemistry). [Ger. chlorid, formed from Gk. chloros (= greenish yellow), with suff. -id.]

כֶּֽלַח m.n. a word of unknown origin uniting the meanings ‘youthful’, ‘strength’, ‘vigor’ (Job 30:2) and ‘old age’ (Job 5:28).

כֵּלַי see כִּילַי.

כְּלִי m.n. (pl. כֵּלִים) 1 article, object, thing. 2 vessel, utensil. 3 dress, garment. MH 4 organ. [Prob. derived from base כול (= to comprehend, contain, measure), whence also Syr. כַּיְלָא (= measure), Arab. kayl (= measure for grain). cp. כַּיִל. Some scholars derive כְּלִי from base כלה ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: כִּלְיִי.

כֻּלֵּי adj. PBH all. [Aram., pl. of כֹּל. See כֹּל and cp. כֻּלֵּהּ, וְכֻלֵּהּ.]

כַּלִּיא m.n. arrester (occurring in the compounds כַּלִּיא־עוֹרֵב PBH device to drive away ravens from the roof of the Temple, כַּלִּיא־בָרָק and כַּלִּיא־רַעַם NH lightning conductor; lit. ‘lightning arrester’). [From כלא ᴵ (= to withhold, restrain).]

כְּלִיאָה f.n. NH confinement, imprisonment. [Verbal n. of כָּלָא. See כלא ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּלִיאוּת f.n. NH being confined, being imprisoned. [Formed from כָּלוּא with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּלִיבָה ᴵ f.n. PBH box, workbasket. [Related to כְּלוּב (= birdcage; basket).]

כְּלִיבָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH sewing with irregular stitches. [From כלב ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כִּלְיָה f.n. kidney. [Related to Aram. כֻּלְיָא, Syr. כּוֹלִיתָא, Arab. kulya, Ethiop. kelit, Akka. kalitu (= kidney).]

כְּלָיָה f.n. PBH destruction, annihilation. [Formed from כלה ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

כִּלָּיוֹן m.n. 1 pining, failing. 2 annihilation. [From כלה ᴵ.]

כְּלָיוֹת pl. of כִּלְיָה. See כִּלְיָה.

כִּלְיִי f.n. MH functional, instrumental. [Formed from כְּלִי with suff. ◌ָי.]

כָּלִיל 1 whole, complete, perfect. 2 completely, totally. 3 whole-offering. [From כלל ᴵ.]

כְּלִיל m.n. PBH crown. [Together with Aram.-Syr. כְּלִילָא (= crown) borrowed from Akka. kilīlu. Arab. iklīl (= crown) is an Aram. loan word.] Derivative: כְּלִילִי.

כְּלִילָה f.n. MH 1 inclusion. 2 wholeness, completeness. [Formed from כָּלַל; see כלל ᴵ and suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּלִילִי adj. NH coronary. [Formed from כְּלִיל with suff. ◌ִי.]

כָּלִיף m.n. NH caliph. [See חָלִיף ᴵᴵ.]

כָּלִיפוּת f.n. NH caliphate. [See חֲלִיפוּת.]

כַּלִּירַעַם see כַּלִּיא.

כָּלָךְ m.n. PBH bast silk. [A Persian loan word.]

כְּלַךְ, כָּלָךְ, כַּלָּךְ, כַּלֵּךְ interj. PBH cease from! turn to! [Of uncertain etymology. Some scholars see in this word a contraction of כַּלֵּה וָלֵךְ (= finish and go), and pronounce it accordingly כַּלֵּךְ (כַּלֵּה is the imper. of כִּלָּה, Pi. of כלה ᴵ, לֵךְ is the imper. of הָלַךְ). Others see in כלך a shortening of לְכָה־לָךְ (= get thee out! go!) and pronounce it כָּלָךְ (לְכָה is the lengthened imper. of הָלַךְ).]

כֶּֽלֶךְ m.n. NH Ferula (a genus of plants). [Of Arabic origin.]

כִּלְכּוּל ᴵ m.n. PBH maintenance, nourishing, nutrition. [Verbal n. of כִּלְכֵּל (= he maintained, supported, nourished), Pilp. of כול.]

כִּלְכּוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH short hair on the temples. [Verbal n. of כִּלְכֵּל, Pilp. of כלכל ᴵᴵ.]

כַּלְכִּיד m.n. PBH name of a fish; prob. a kind of sardine. [According to some scholars a loan word from Gk. chalkisidos, name of a migratory fish, prob. the sardine. cp. כִּלְכִּית.]

כִּלְכִּית f.n. PBH name of a small fish. [Another spelling for כִּלְבִּית. Perhaps identical with כַּלְכִּיד.]

כלכל ᴵ to maintain, to feed, to support.
    — Pilp. - כִּלְכֵּל 1 it held, contained; 2 he maintained, supported, nourished; 3 he bore, supported, endured.
    — Pulp. - כֻּלְכַּל was supplied with food, was nourished.
    — Nithpalp. - נִתְכַּלְכֵּל 1 was supplied with food, was nourished; 2 he bore, endured. [Pilp. of כול. cp. כלכל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: הִתְכַּלְכְּלוּת, כִּלְכּוּל ᴵ, כַּלְכָּל, prob. also כַּלְכַּלָּה.

כלכל ᴵᴵ to grow one’s hair.
    — Pilp. - כִּלְכֵּל he grew his hair. [Prob. special sense development of כלכל ᴵ.] Derivative: כִּלְכּוּל ᴵᴵ.

כַּלְכָּל m.n. NH 1 steward (on boat, on plane). 2 in charge of stores. [From כלכל ᴵ, Pilp. of כול.]

כַּלְכָּלָה f.n. PBH 1 maintenance, support, provision. NH 2 economy, economics. [From כִּלְכֵּל (= he maintained, supported, nourished), Pilp. of כול. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: כַּלְכָּלִי, כַּלְכָּלָן.

כַּלְכַּלָּה f.n. PBH fruit basket. [Perhaps a derivative of כִּלְכֵּל ᴵ in the sense ‘it held, contained’. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כַּלְכָּלִי adj. NH economic. [Formed from כַּלְכָּלָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

כַּלְכָּלָן m.n. NH economist. [Formed from כַּלְכָּלָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כלל ᴵ to complete, perfect; to comprise, include; to generalize.
    — Qal - כָּלַל 1 he completed, perfected (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 27:4 in the form כָּלְלוּ); PBH 2 he comprised, included; PBH 3 he generalized, expressed in general terms.
    — Niph. - נֲכְלַל PBH 1 was generalized, was expressed in general terms; NH 2 was included.
    — Pi. - כִּלֵּל 1 he comprised, included; 2 he completed, perfected.
    — Pu. - כֻּלַּל was comprised, was included.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּלֵּל was comprised, was included.
    — Hiph. - הִכְלִיל MH 1 he included; NH 2 he generalized.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְלַל MH 1 was completed, was perfected. NH 2 was comprised, was included. NH 3 was generalized.
    — Shiph. (see . - שׁכלל ). [Akka. kalālu (= to be complete), shuklulu (= to complete). BAram. and Aram. שַׁכְלֵל (= he completed) is prob. an Akka. loan word. cp. the related bases כול, כלא ᴵ, כלה ᴵ.] Derivatives: כּוֹלֵל (adj. and n.), כָּלוּל, כִּלּוּל, כָּלִיל, הֶכְלֵל, הַכְלָלָה, הִכָּלְלוּת, הִתְכַּלְּלוּת, מִכְלוֹל, כְּלִילָה, מַכְלוּלִים, מִכְלָל, מֻכְלָל, מְכֻלָּל ᴵ, מִכְלָלָה, תַּכְלִיל.

כלל ᴵᴵ to crown.
    — Pi. - כִּלֵּל he crowned.
    — Pu. - כֻּלַּל was crowned.
    — Hiph. - הִכְלִיל he wedded.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְלַל was wedded. [Denominated from כְּלִיל (= crown).]

כְּלָל m.n. PBH 1 general rule, rule, principle. 2 sum, total. 3 community. [From כלל ᴵ. cp. כְּלָלָא.] Derivatives: בִּכְלָל, כְּלָלוּת, כְּלָלִי.

כְּלָלָא m.n. PBH rule. [Aram. See כְּלָל.]

כְּלָלוּת f.n. MH generality. [Formed from כְּלָל with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כְּלָלִיּוּת.]

כְּלָלִי adj. MH general, common. [Formed from כְּלָל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: כְּלָלִיּוּת.

כְּלָלִיּוּת f.n. NH generality. [Formed from כְּלָלִי with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כְּלָלוּת.]

כלם to put to shame, humiliate.
    — Niph. - נִכְלַם 1 was put to shame; 2 was humiliated, was insulted.
    — Hiph. - הִכְלִים 1 he put to shame; 2 he humiliated, insulted.
    — Hoph. - הָכְלַם 1 was put to shame; 2 was humiliated, was insulted. [Aram. אַכְלֵם (= he put to shame), אִתְכַּלַּם (= was put to shame), Arab. kalama (= he wounded, Modern Syr. כלם (= to rob).] Derivatives: כְּלִמָּה, כְּלִמּוּת, הַכְלָמָה, הִכָּלְמוּת, מֻכְלָם, נִכְלָם.

כְּלִמָּה f.n. insult, reproach. [From כלם.]

כְּלִמּוּת f.n. insult, reproach. [From כלם.]

כַּלָּנִית f.n. NH anemone (flower). [From Aram. כַּלָּנִיתָא, which is of uncertain origin, prob. not related to כַּלָּה ᴵ.]

כִּלְעֻמַּת שֶׁ◌ NH as, just as, in the same way. [Formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= as) and לְעֻמַּת (= opposite, in comparison with).]

כְּלַפֵּי prep. PBH towards, opposite. [Contraction of pref. כְּ◌ (= as), and לְאַפֵּי (= in the face of), which is formed from לְ◌ (= to), and אַפֵּי, c. st. of אַפַּיִם (= face) dual of אַף (= nose).]

כלר to chlorinate.
    — Pi. - כִּלֵּר he chlorinated.
    — Hiph. - הִכְלִיר (of s.m.).
    — Hoph. - הֻכְלַר was chlorinated. [Denominated from כְּלוֹר.] Derivatives: הַכְלָרָה, כִּלּוּר.

כָּלְשֶׁהוּ pron. NH whatever. [Compounded of כָּל (= all), שֶׁ◌ (= that), and הוּא (= it is), hence lit. meaning ‘all that is’.]

◌כֶם 1 possess. pron. suff. for the second pers. n. pl., added to nouns and meaning ‘your’. 2 suff. for the second pers. pl., added to verbs and meaning ‘you’ (accusative). [Related to Aram. ◌כּוֹם, ◌כּוֹן, Syr. ◌כּוֹן, Arab. - kūm, Ethiop. - kemmū, Akka. - kunu, -kunūshu, -kunūshi.]

כִּמְדֻמֶּה adv. PBH it seems, it appears. [Formed from מְדֻמֶּה with pref. כּֽ◌.] Derivative: כִּמְדֻמַּנִי.

כִּמְדֻמַּנִי adv. NH it seems to me, appears to me. [Formed from כִּמְדֻמֶּה with אֲנִי.]

כַּמָּה adv. (also כַּמֶּה) how much, how many, how. [Formed from כְּ◌ (= like, as), and מָה (= what). According to some scholars כַּמָּה, כַּמֶּה is a stressed form of כְּמוֹ (q.v.). cp. Ugar. km and Arab. kam (= how much?, how many?) which are contracted from kamā.] Derivatives: כמה, כַּמּוּת.

כמה to quantify.
    — Pi. - כִּמָּה he quantified. [Formed from כַּמָּה.] Derivative: כִּמּוּי.

כְּמָה conj. PBH as (occurring in the phrase כְּמָה שֶׁנֶאֱמַר (= as it is written; lit. ‘as it was said’). [A secondary form of כְּמוֹ (q.v.); prob. influenced in form by the related Aram. כְּמָא.]

כמהּ to faint (with longing), long, yearn.
    — Qal - כָּמַהּ he fainted (with longing), longed, yearned, was eager.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּמַּהּ he was filled with longing. [Syr. כְּמַה (= was blind), Arab. kamiha (= was pale, was weak-eyed), akmah (= blind from birth).] Derivatives: כָּמֵהַּ, כֵּמַהּ, כִּמָּהוֹן, כְּמִיהָה.

כָּמֵֽהַּ adj. MH longing, yearning, eager. [From כמהּ.]

כֵּֽמַהּ m.n. MH longing, yearning. [From כמהּ.]

כְּמֵהָה f.n. PBH (pl. כְּמֵהִין, also כְּמֵהוֹת) truffle. [Related to Arab. kam’a, Akka. kamtu (= truffle); lit. ‘that which is hidden’.]

כְּמוֹ adv. like, as (with pers. suff., כָּמוֹנִי, כָּמוֹךָ, כָּמוֹךְ, כָּמוֹהוּ, כָּמוֹהָ, כָּמוֹנוּ, כְּמוֹכֶם, כּֽמוֹכֶן, כְּמוֹהֶם, כְּמוֹהֶן). [Formed from כְּ◌ (= like, as) and מוֹ, alteration of מָה (= what) used pleonastically. cp. the similarly formed related words: Aram. כְּמָא, Syr. כְּמָא, אַכְמָא, Ugar. km, Arab. kamā, Ethiop. kama, Akka. kīma, kom (= like, as). cp. also כַּמָּה, בְּמוֹ, לְמוֹ.]

כַּמּוּבָן adv. NH apparently, probably, as it is understood. [Formed from מוּבָן with pref. כְּ◌.]

כִּמּוּי m.n. NH quantification. [Verbal n. of כִּמָּה, Pi. of כמה.]

כַּמּוֹן m.n. cumin. [Related to Aram. כַּמּוֹנָא, Syr. כַּמּוּנָא, Ugar. kmn, Punic chaman, Akka. kamūnu (= cumin). Gk. kyminon (= whence L. cumīnum), is of Sem. origin. See ‘cumin’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: כַּמְנוֹן.

כָּמוּס adj. hidden, stored up (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:34). [Pass. part. of כָּמַס. See כמס.] Derivative: כְּמִיסוּת.

כְּמוּסָה f.n. NH capsule. [Subst. use of the f. of כָּמוּס.]

כְּמוּרָה f.n. NH Christian clergy, priesthood. [Formed from כֹּמֶר (= priest) according to the pattern פְּעוּלָה, which serves to form collective nouns.]

כָּמוּשׁ adj. PBH withered, faded. [Pass. part. of כָּמַשׁ.] Derivative: כְּמִישׁוּת.

כִּמּוּשׁ m.n. MH withering, fading. [Verbal n. of כִּמֵּשׁ, Pi. of כמשׁ.]

כַּמּוּת fn. MH (pl. כַּמֻּיּוֹת) quantity. [Formed from כַּמָּה (= how much) with suff. ◌וּת as loan translation of Arab. kammiyya, which was formed from kam (= how much) with suff. - iyya.] Derivatives: כַּמּוּתִי, כמת.

כִּמּוּת m.n. quantification. [Verbal n. of כִּמֵּת, Pi. of כמת.]

כְּמוֹת adv. PBH like, as. [Formed from כְּמוֹ with adv. suff. ◌ת.]

כַּמּוּתִי adj. MH quantitative. [Formed from כַּמּוּת with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: כַּמּוּתִיּוּת.

כַּמּוּתִיּוּת f.n. NH quantitativeness. [Formed from כַּמּוּתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּמִיהָה f.n. MH longing, yearning. [Verbal n. of כָּמַהּ. See כמהּ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּמִינָה f.n. NH hiding. [Verbal n. of כָּמַן. See כמן and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּמִיסוּת f.n. NH secrecy, latency. [Formed from כָּמוּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּמִירָה ᴵ f.n. MH 1 warming. 2 compassion, pity. [Verbal n. of כָּמַר. See כמר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּמִירָה ᴵᴵ f.n. hiding (fruit) in the ground. [Verbal n. of כָּמַר. See כמר ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּמִישָׁה f.n. MH withering, fading. [Verbal n. of כָּמַשׁ. See כמשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּמִישׁוּת f.n. MH withering, fading. [Formed from כָּמֵשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּמֹּן see כַּמּוֹן.

כמן to be hidden.
    — Qal - כָּמַן he hid, concealed.
    — Pi. - כִּמֵּן he hid (esp. fruit in the ground).
    — Hiph. - הִכְמִין 1 he hid, concealed; 2 he placed witnesses in a hidden place.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְמַן was hidden, was concealed. [Aram. כְּמַן, Syr. כְּמֵן (= he lay in wait, lay in ambush). Arab. kamana (= he hid, concealed; was hidden, was concealed), is prob. denominated from kamīn, which is a loan word from Syr. כְּמֵאנָא.] Derivatives: כְּמִינָה, כְּמָנָה הַכֽמָנָה. cp. מִכְמָן. cp. also כמר ᴵᴵ.

כְּמָנָה f.n. PBH laying in wait. [From כמן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כַּמְנוֹן m.n. NH Pimpinella anisum (botany). [From כַּמּוֹן.]

כמס to hide, store up.
    — Qal - כָּמַס he hid, stored up (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:34 in the pass. part. כָּמֻס).
    — Niph. - נִכְמַס was hidden, was stored up. [Syr. כמס (= to hide), Aram. כְּמָסָא (= concealment).] Derivatives: כָּמוּס, מִכְמָס.

כִּמְעַט adv. 1 nearly, almost. NH 2 semi-. [Formed from מְעַט (= little, few) with pref. כְּ◌ (= about).

כמר ᴵ to heat, to warm.
    — Qal - כָּמַר he warmed, stirred up (mercy).
    — Niph. - נִכְמַר grew warm, became hot.
    — Hiph. - הִכְמִיר he stirred up.
    — Pi. - כִּמֵּר it burned (tr. v.). [Aram. כְּמַר (= he heated fruit in the ground to make it ripe), Modern Syr. kemer (= fermentation), Arab. kammara (= he stewed food), makmūr (= stewing), Akka. kimru (= dates made ripe by the drying-kiln). cp. כמר ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: כְּמִירָה ᴵ.

כמר ᴵᴵ to hide fruit in the ground.
    — Qal - כָּמַר he hid fruit in the ground to make it ripe.
    — Niph. - נִכְמַר was hidden in the ground (said of fruit).
    — Pi. - כִּמֵּר he hid fruit in the ground to make it ripe.
    — Pu. - כֻּמַּר was hidden.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּמֵר was hidden. [The orig. meaning was ‘to heat fruit in the ground to make it ripe’; hence properly identical with כמר ᴵ; influenced in meaning by a confusion with base כמן.] Derivatives: כְּמִירָה ᴵᴵ, כֹּמֶר ᴵᴵ.

כמר ᴵᴵᴵ to cast a net.
    — Qal - כָּמַר he cast nets.
    — Pi. - כִּמֵּר (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִכְמִיר (of s.m.). [Base of מַכְמוֹר (מַכְמֹר, מִכְמָר, מִכְמֶרֶת, מִכְמֹרֶת) (= net). Modern Syr. כמר (= to pursue), Akka. kamāru (= to overthrow). Akka. kamāru and Heb. מִכְמָר, etc. lit. mean ‘that which serves to overthrow or subdue’.]

כֹּֽמֶר ᴵ m.n. 1 idol-priest. MH 2 Christian priest, clergyman. [Together with OAram. כמר (= priest), Syr. כּוּמְרָא (= 1 Jewish priest; 2 Christian priest), of uncertain etymology.] Derivatives: כְּמוּרָה, כָּמְרוּת, כָּמְרִיָּה, כָּמֽרִיּוּת, כָּמְרִית.

כֹּֽמֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH fruit ripened through being hidden in the ground. [From כמר ᴵᴵ.]

כָּמְרוּת f.n. MH office of a Christian priest, Christian priesthood. [Formed from כֹּמֶר ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

כָּמְרִיָּה f.n. MH 1 convent, monastery. NH 2 nun. [Formed from כֹּמֶר ᴵ with suff. ◌ָיָּה.]

כָּמְרִיּוּת f.n. NH the priesthood, clergy. [Formed from כֹּמֶר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִיּוּת.]

כִּמְרִיר m.n. darkness, gloom (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 3:5 in the phrase כִּמֽרִירֵי יוֹם, ‘the gloom of day’). [Related to Syr. כמר (= to be black) whence כּֽמִירָא (= black).]

כָּמְרִית f.n. MH priest’s or clergyman’s wife. [Formed from כֹּמֶר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

כמשׁ to wither, fade.
    — Qal - כָּמַשׁ it withered, faded, shrank, shriveled, wrinkled.
    — Niph. - נִכְמַשׁ (of s.m.).
    — Pi. - כִּמֵּשׁ he caused to shrivel, contracted (tr. v.).
    — Pu. - כֻּמַּשׁ was caused to shrink, was contracted.
    — Nith. - נִתֽכַּמֵּשׁ it shrank, shriveled. [Aram.-Syr. כְּמַשׁ (= dried up, shriveled), Arab. takammasha (= became wrinkled, wrinkled, shrank, contracted). cp. גמשׁ.] Derivative: כָּמוּשׁ, כִּמּוּשׁ, כְּמִישָׁה, כָּמֵשׁ, כִּמָּשׁוֹן.

כָּמֵשׁ adj. PBH withering, fading. [From כמשׁ.]

כֶּֽמֶשׁ m.n. MH withering, fading. [From כמשׁ.]

כִּמָּשׁוֹן m.n. NH withering, fading. [Formed from כמשׁ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

כמת to quantify.
    — Pi. - כִּמֵּת he quantified.
    — Pu. - כֻּמַּת was quantified. [Denominated from כַּמּוּת.] Derivatives: כִּמּוּת, כַּמָּת.

כַּמָּת m.n. NH quantifier. [Formed from כמת.]

כֻּמְתָּה f.n. PBH 1 cap. NH 2 beret. [From Aram. כֻּמְתָּא, which is related to Arab. kumma (= felt hat).]

כֵּן ᴵ adv. 1 so, thus. MH 2 yes. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כֵּן, Phoen. כן (= so), Syr. הָכַן, הָכַנָּא (= so), Akka. akanna (= here, now) and prob. also to Arab. lākin, lākinna (= but), if formed from lā (= not), and kin (= Heb. כֵּן). These words prob. derive from the Semitic demonstrative base * kā-. cp. כֹּה, כִּי and אָכֵן. According to some scholars כֵּן derives from כון ᴵ, hence lit. means ‘established, confirmed’ and is related to כֵּן ᴵᴵ. cp. לָכֵן.] Derivative: כנכן.

כֵּן ᴵᴵ adj. right, truthful, honest. [Derived from כון ᴵ (= to be set up, be established, be firm), and lit. meaning ‘firm’. cp. Syr. כֵּאנָא (= right, just), Akka. kēnu (= firm, strong), kettu (= truth, right). cp. כֵּן ᴵ.] Derivative: כֵּנוּת.

כֵּן ᴵᴵᴵ, כַּן m.n. BH, resp. PBH (pl. כַּנִּים) base, stand, pedestal. [From כנן ᴵ (= to put, place). cp. Aram.-Syr. כַּנָּא (= base, stand). cp. also כַּנָּה ᴵᴵ.]

כֵּן ᴵⱽ m.n. (pl. כִּנִּים) louse (the singular occurs only Is. 51:6). [Related to כִּנָּם.]

◌כֶן 1 possess. pron. suff. for the second pers. f. pl., added to nouns and meaning ‘your’. 2 suff. for the second pers. f. pl. added to verbs and meaning ‘you’ (accusative). [Related to Aram. ◌כֵּן, Syr. - khēn, Ethiop. - ken, Akka. - kina (with nouns), - kināshi (with verbs).]

כנה to give a name, give a title; to surname.
    — Pi. - כִּנָּה 1 he gave a name, gave a title; 2 he named, surnamed, entitled, nicknamed; 3 he read (a Biblical text) by changing a word, or words.
    — Pu. - כֻּנָּה was named, was surnamed, was nicknamed, was entitled.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּנָּה PBH 1 was surnamed; NH 2 he chose for himself the name of. [Aram.-Syr. כְּנָא (= he gave a name, surnamed, nicknamed), Arab. kana(y) and kanna(y) (= he was called by the surname of).] Derivatives: כִּנּוּי, הִתְכַּנּוּת, מְכַנֶּה, מְכֻנֶּה.

כִּנָּה f.n. (pl. כִּנִּים) louse. (See כִּנָּם.]

כַּנָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. 1 plant, shoot (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 80:16). NH 2 understock. [From base כנן (= to put, place), related to Aram. כַּנָּא (= base of a plant).]

כִּנּוּי m.n. PBH 1 surname, byname. PBH 2 epithet, attribute. MH 3 pronoun, pronominal suffix. [Verbal n. of כִּנָּה. See כנה.]

כִּנּוּן ᴵ m.n. NH 1 establishing, establishment. 2 laying (a gun), pointing (a gun). [Verbal n. of כנן ᴵ. cp. כִּנּוּן ᴵᴵ.]

כִּנּוּן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH organ. [Of the same etymology as כִּנּוּן ᴵ.]

כָּנוּס adj. PBH 1 put into, found in. MH 2 gathered together. [Pass. part. of כָּנַס. See כנס.]

כִּנּוּס m.n. PBH 1 gathering together. PBH 2 assembly, conference, convention. NH 3 collection (literary). [Verbal n. of כִּנֵּס, Pi. of כנס.]

כָּנֽוּעַ adj. MH submissive, obsequious. [Pass. part. of כנע.]

כָּנוּף adj. NH having wings, winged. [Pass. part. of כנף ᴵ.]

כְּנוּפְיָה f.n. PBH 1 band, crowd. NH 2 gang. [From Aram. כְּנוּפְיָא, כִּינוּפְיָא (= crowd, assembly), a derivative of כְּנַף (= he crowded, gathered).] Derivatives: כְּנוּפְיוֹן, כְּנוּפְיָתִי.

כְּנוּפְיוֹן m.n. NH member of a band; gangster. [Formed from כְּנוּפְיָה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

כְּנוּפְיָתִי adj. NH of a band, of a gang. [Formed from כְּנוּפְיָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

כִּנּוֹר m.n. (pl. כִּנּוֹרוֹת, also כִּנּוֹרִים) 1 harp. NH 2 violin. [Related to Aram. כִּנָּרָא, Syr. כֶּנָּרָא, Arab. kirān, kinār, also kannāra (= harp). Gk. kinura (= a stringed instrument played with the hand), is a Heb. loan word.] Derivatives: כנר, כַּנָּר, כּוֹנֶרֶת.

כֵּנוּת f.n. NH honesty. [Formed from כֵּן ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּנִימָה f.n. PBH vermin, insects. [See כִּנָּם and third suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּנִיסָה f.n. 1 going in, entering. 2 entrance. 3 assembly. 4 beginning. MH 5 Karaite synagogue. NH 6 (after Arab. kanīsa) Christian church. [Verbal n. of כָּנַס. See כנס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּנִיעָה f.n. MH submission, surrender. [From כנע. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: כְּנִיעוּת.

כְּנִיעוּת f.n. MH submissiveness. [Formed from כְּנִיעָה with suff. ◌וּת.]

כנכן NH to say ‘yes’.
    — Pi. - כִּנְכֵּן he used to say ‘yes’. [Formed from כֵּן (= yes) through reduplication.]

כַּנַּ״ל abbr. NH as mentioned above. [Abbr. of כַּנִזְכָּר לְעֵיל (= of s.m.).]

כִּנָּם f.n. (collective) louse, vermin. [According to some scholars כִּנָּם is related to Aram. כַּלְמְתָא, קַלְמְתָא, Syr. קַלְמָא, קַלְמְתָא, Arab. qaml, Ethiop. qemāl, Akka. kalmatu (= louse, vermin). However, the etymological connection of Heb. כִּנָּם with the other Sem. words quoted is rendered improbable by the circumstance that whereas the m in כִּנָּם is a collective suff. the m in the other words is a radical letter. cp. כֵּן ᴵⱽ, כִּנָּה, כְּנִימָה, כִּנֶּמֶת, מְכֻנָּם.]

כִּנֶּמֶת f.n. NH pediculosis (medicine). [From כִּנָּם. For the form cp. אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

כנן ᴵ to place, put; to regulate, adjust.
    — Pi. - כִּנֵּן he regulated, adjusted, wound up (a watch), laid (or pointed) a gun.
    — Pu. - [A secondary form of כון ᴵ.]

כֻּנַּן NH was regulated, was adjusted, was wound up (said of a watch), was laid or pointed (said of a gun). Derivatives: כִּנּוּן ᴵ, כִּנּוּן ᴵᴵ.

כנן ᴵᴵ to coil.
    — Pi. - כִּנֵּן he coiled.
    — Pu. - כֻּנַּן was coiled. [Arab. kanna (= he covered), OSArab. כננ (= to protect).] Derivatives: כַּנָּן, כַּנֶּנֶת.]

כַּנָּן m.n. NH capstan. [From כִּנֵּן (= he coiled). See כנן ᴵᴵ.]

כַּנֶּֽנֶת f.n. NH winch. [Formed from כִּנֵּן (see כנן ᴵᴵ) with suff. ◌ֶת.]

כנס to go in, enter; to gather, collect.
    — Qal - כָּנַס 1 he gathered, assembled, collected; PBH 2 he brought in; PBH 3 was shortened; PBH 4 he brought home (a wife), married.
    — Niph. - נִכְנַס 1 he entered, came in; 2 it arrived, began.
    — Pi. - כִּנֵּס 1 he gathered together, assembled; NH 2 he convened, convoked.
    — Pu. - כֻּנַּס 1 was gathered together, was assembled; 2 was convened, was convoked.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּנֵּס PBH 1 it assembled (intr. v.), convened (intr. v.); 2 he shrank, contracted (intr. v.); NH 3 he wrapped himself in; 4 it was gathered, was collected.
    — Hiph. - הִכְנִיס 1 he admitted, brought in; 2 it yielded (produce).
    — Hoph. - הֻכְנַס was admitted, was brought in. [BAram. כְּנַשׁ (= he gathered, collected), Aram. כְּנַשׁ (= he gathered, collected; he swept the house), Syr. כּֽנַשׁ (= he gathered, collected). Arab. kanasa (= he swept the house) is an Aram. loan word. Aram. כְּנַס (= he gathered, collected), is a secondary form of כְּנַשׁ. cp. Akka. kissatu (= the whole).] Derivatives: כּוֹנֵס, כָּנוּס, כִּנּוּס, כְּנִיסָה, כֶּנֶס, כְּנֵסִיָּה, כְּנֶסֶת, הַכְנָסָה, הִתְכַּנְסוּת, מַכְנִיס, מִכְנָס, מֻכְנָס, מְכֻנָּס, מִכְנָסַיִם.

כֶּֽנֶס m.n. NH meeting, gathering, conference, convention. [From כנס.]

כְּנֵסִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 gathering, assembly. NH 2 church. [From כנס.] Derivative: כְּנֵסִיָּתִי.

כְּנֵסִיָּתִי adj. NH of the church, ecclesiastical. [Formed from כְּנֵסִיָּה with suff. ◌ִי.]

כְּנֶֽסֶת f.n. PBH 1 gathering, assembly. PBH 2 synagogue; NH 3 ‘Knesset’ — the Israeli Parliament. [Formed from כנס with suff. ◌ֶת. cp. Aram. כְּנִישְׁתָּא (= gathering, assembly), בֵּית כְּנִשְׁתָּא, בֵּי־כְּנִישְׁתָּא (= synagogue), from כְּנַשׁ (= he gathered).]

כנע to be humble.
    — Niph. - נִכְנַע 1 he humbled himself; 2 he was humbled. was subdued.
    — Hiph. - הִכְנִיעַ 1 he humbled; 2 he subdued.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְנַע 1 was humbled; 2 was subdued.
    — Shiph. see . - שׁכנע . [Aram. כְּנַע (= was humble), אִתְכְּנַע (= he humiliated himself), Arab. kana’a (= was contracted, was wrinkled; it folded its wings — said of an eagle). cp. Arab. qani‘a (= he contented himself).] Derivatives: כָּנוּעַ, כְּנִיעָה, הַכְנָעָה, הִכָּנְעוּת, נִכְנָע.

כִּנְעָה ᴵ f.n. merchandise, goods (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 10:17 in the form כִּנְעָתֵךְ). [Prob. connected with כְּנַעַן (= merchant).]

כִּנְעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH submissiveness, humiliation. [From כנע.]

כְּנַֽעַן m. & f.n. 1 Canaan. 2 Phoenician. 3 merchant, trader (so called because the Canaanites, esp. the Phoenicians, were merchants). [Of unknown origin. cp. כִּנְעָה.] Derivative: כּֽנַעֲנִי.

כְּנַעֲנִי adj. 1 Canaanite. 2 merchant, trader. [Formed from כְּנַעַן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

כָּנָף f.n. (pl. כְּנָפַיִם, also כְּנָפוֹת) 1 wing. 2 skirt; corner, end. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כַּנְפָא, Ugar. knp, Arab. kanaf, Ethiop. kanf, Akka. kappu (= wing).] Derivatives: כנף ᴵ, כָּנֵף, כְּנָפוֹן, כְּנָפִי, כַּנְפִית, כְּנַפְנָף.

כנף ᴵ to cover with one’s wings, surround, hide.
    — Qal - כָּנַף he surrounded, embraced.
    — Niph. - נִכְנַף he hid himself (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 30:20 in the imper.).
    — Pu. - כֻּנַּף had wings, was winged.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּנֵּף he huddled.
    — Hiph. - הִכְנִיף 1 he made wings, lent (or added) wings to; 2 he covered or hid with his wings.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְנַף was covered or hidden (properly by wings). [From כָּנָף (= wing). cp. Arab. kanafa (= he guarded, protected, surrounded), from kanaf (= wing).]

כנף ᴵᴵ NH to gather, assemble.
    — Qal - כָּנַף he gathered, assembled. [Denominated from כְּנוּפְיָה (= crowd; band; gang).]

כָּנֵף adj. NH winged. [From כָּנָף.]

כְּנָפוֹן f.n. NH a small wing, winglet. [Formed from כָּנָף with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

כְּנָפִי adj. NH pertaining to the wing, alar. [Formed from כָּנָף with suff. ◌ִי.]

כַּנְפִית f.n. NH samara (botany). [Formed from כָּנָף with suff. ◌ִית.]

כְּנַפְנָף f.n. NH a small wing, winglet. [Dimin. formed from כָּנָף through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

כנר NH to play the violin.
    — Pi. - כִּנֵּר he played the violin.
    — Pu. - כֻּנַּר the violin was played. [Denominated from כִּנּוֹר.]

כַּנָּר m.n. NH violinist, fiddler. [Nomen opificis coined by Nahum David Tzemach, founder of ‘Habimah’, from כִּנּוֹר (= violin, fiddle).]

כַּנִּרְאֶה adv. NH it seems, it appears, apparently, probably, seemingly. [Formed from נִרְאֶה (adj.) with pref. כְּ◌.]

כַּנָּרִית f.n. NH canary (bird). [Ultimately from Sp. canario (= canary), lit. ‘of the Canary Islands’, from L. insula Canaria (= one of the Canary Islands), lit. ‘Dog Islands’, from canis (= dog). See ‘canine’ in my CEDEL. The islands were so called from their large dogs.]

כְּנָת m.n. (pl. כְּנָווֹת) associate, colleague (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ez. 4:7 in the phrase שְׁאָר כְּנָוֹתָו, ‘the rest of his associates’). [A loan word from BAram. כְּנָת (= Syr. כְּנָת), which is prob. a loan word from Akka. kinātu (= associate). cp. כַּת.]

כֵּס m.n. throne (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 17:16). [Prob. a shortened form of כִּסֵּא.]

כִּסֵּא m.n. (pl. כִּסְאוֹת) chair, throne. [Prob. a loan word of Akka. kussu (= chair, throne), which itself is prob. borrowed from Sumerian guza. cp. the collateral Akkad. form kursu. BAram. כָּרְסֵא, Aram.-Syr. כּוּרְסְיָא, Ugar. ks, are of the same origin. Arab. kursiyy is prob. an Aram. loan word. cp. כֵּס. cp. also כֻּרְסָא.]

כֶּֽסֶא, כֶּֽסֶה new moon or full moon. [Related to Phoen. כסא, Syr. כֶּסָאא (= time of the full moon). These words are perhaps borrowed from Akka. kusē’u agū (= headdress of the moon god at the time of the full moon). According to the Talmud the word derives from כסא (= to cover) and denotes the time of the new moon (i.e. the time when the moon is covered).]

כִּסְאוֹן m.n. a small chair, baby’s chair. [Formed from כִּסֵּא with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

כֻּסְבָּר m.n. PBH coriander. [A loan word from Old I. kustumbarī, kustumburu.]

כסה to cover.
    — Qal - כָּסָה 1 he covered; 2 he hid, concealed.
    — Niph. - נִכְסָה 1 was covered; 2 was concealed; PBH 3 he hid himself.
    — Pi. - כִּסָּה 1 he covered; 2 he hid, concealed.
    — Pu. - כֻּסָּה 1 was covered; 2 was hidden, was concealed.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּסָּה 1 he covered himself; NH 2 was covered; 3 he hid himself. [Phoen. מכסא (= cover), Aram.-Syr. כְּסָא (= he covered, hid), Arab. kasā (= he clothed), kisā’ (= garment), Akka. kusū (= to cover), kusītu (= garment). cp. קֹסֶת.] Derivatives: כָּסוּי, כִּסּוּי, כְּסוּי, כְּסוּת, כְּסָיָה, כְּסִיָּה, כְּסִיתָא, הִתְכַּסּוּת, מִכְסֶה, מְכַסֶּה, מְכֻסֶּה, prob. also כֶּסֶת. cp. כֶּסֶא.

כָּסֽוּחַ adj. cut off, trimmed, cleared. [Pass. part. of כָּסַח. See כסח.]

כִּסּֽוּחַ m.n. PBH cutting off, trimming, clearing. [Verbal n. of כִּסַּח (= he cut off, trimmed, cleared), Pi. of כסח.]

כָּסוּי adj. covered. [Pass. part. of כָּסָה. See כסה.]

כְּסוּי m.n. covering (in the Bible occurring only Num. 4:6 and 14). [From כסה.]

כִּסּוּי m.n. PBH 1 covering, 2 cover, lid. [Verbal n. of כִּסָּה (= he covered), Pi. of כסה.]

כָּסוּל adj. PBH limping. [Formed from כֶּסֶל ᴵᴵ.]

כָּסוּס adj. NH 1 chewed, gnawed. 2 bitten (said of nails). [Pass. part. of כָּסַס. See כסס ᴵ.]

כָּסוּף ᴵ adj. PBH longed for, desired. [Pass. part. of כָּסַף. See כסף ᴵ.]

כָּסוּף ᴵᴵ adj. NH silver (adj.), silver-plated, silver-haired. [From כֶּסֶף.]

כִּסּוּף m.n. MH longing, yearning. [From כסף ᴵ.]

כְּסוּת f.n. MH (pl. כְּסֻיּוֹת, כְּסוּתִים) 1 cover, covering. 2 raiment, garment. [From כסה (= to cover). cp. Arab. kiswa (= clothing), kuswa (= clothes, raiment, garment).]

כסח to cut off, trim, clear.
    — Qal - כָּסַח he cut off, trimmed, cleared (in the Bible occurring only in the pass. part. כָּסוּחַ).
    — Niph. - נִכְסַח was cut off, was trimmed, was cleared.
    — Pi. - כִּסַּח he cut off, trimmed, cleared, mowed.
    — Pu. - כֻּסַּח was cut off, was trimmed, was cleared, was mowed. [Aram.-Syr. כְּסַח (= he pruned, lopped off), Arab. kasaha (= he swept off, destroyed).] Derivatives: כָּסוּחַ, כִּסּוּחַ, כַּסָּח, כְּסִיחָה, מַכְסֵחָה.

כַּסָּח m.n. PBH lawn mower. [Nomen opificis formed from כסח.]

כְּסָיָה f.n. NH glove. [Formed from כסה (= to cover) with first suff. ◌ָה and lit. meaning ‘that which covers the hand’. cp. קַסְיָה.]

כְּסִיָּה f.n. PBH covering. [Verbal n. of כָּסָה (= he covered). See כסה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּסִיחָה f.n. MH cutting off, trimming, lopping, clearing. [Verbal n. of כָּסַח. See כסח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּסִיל ᴵ m.n. stupid fellow, fool, dullard. [From כסל. cp. כִּסְלוּת.] Derivatives: כְּסִילוּת, כְּסִילִי.

כְּסִיל ᴵᴵ m.n. Orion (astronomy). [Of uncertain origin.]

כְּסִילוֹפוֹן see קְסִילוֹפוֹן.

כְּסִילוּת f.n. stupidity (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 9:13). [Formed from כְּסִיל ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּסִילִי adj. NH foolish. [Formed from כְּסִיל ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

כְּסִימָה f.n. MH cutting (of the hair), clipping. [Verbal n. of כָּסַם. See כסם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּסִיסָה f.n. MH chewing, gnawing. [Verbal n. of כָּסַס. See כסס ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּסִיפָה f.n. MH longing, yearning. [Verbal n. of כָּסַף. See כסף ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּסִיפוּת f.n. NH longing, yearning. [Formed from כסף ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

כָּסִית, כְּסִיתָא f.n. PBH coral. [Aram., derived from כְּסָא (= he covered) and lit. meaning ‘that which is covered by the sea’.]

כִּסְכּוּס ᴵ m.n. NH crunching. [Verbal n. of כִּסֽכֵּס. See כסכס ᴵ.]

כִּסְכּוּס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH rubbing (clothes in washing). [Verbal n. of כִּסְכֵּס. See כסכס ᴵᴵ.]

כַּסְכּוּסִים m.n. pl. egg barley. [From כסכס ᴵ.]

כסכס ᴵ to crush with the teeth, crunch.
    — Pilp. - כִּסְכֵּס he crushed with the teeth, crunched. [From כסס ᴵ. cp. Arab. kaskasa (= he pounded, ground, pulverized), from kassa (= he chewed).] Derivatives: כִּסְכּוּס, כַּסְכּוּסִים.

כסכס ᴵᴵ to rub.
    — Pilp. - כִּסֽכֵּס he rubbed, scrubbed.
    — Pulp. - כֻּסְכַּס was rubbed. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a special development of כסכס ᴵ.] Derivatives: כִּסְכּוּס ᴵᴵ, כַּסְכֶּסֶת.

כַּסְכֶּֽסֶת f.n. NH scrubbing board. [Formed from כסכס with suff. ◌ֶת.]

כסל to be sluggish, be stupid.
    — Qal - כָּסַל was stupid (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 10:8 in the form יִכְסָלוּ). [Arab. kasila (= was sluggish). The orig. meaning of this base prob. was ‘to be thick, be plump, be fat’. For sense development cp. base טפשׁ, which unites the meanings ‘to be gross, be fat, be dull, be stupid’.] Derivatives: כְּסִיל ᴵ, כֶּסֶל ᴵᴵ, כִּסְלָה, כִּסְלוּת, prob. also כֶּסֶת ᴵ.

כֶּסֶל ᴵ m.n. loin. [Related to Aram. כִּסֽלָא, Ugar. ksl (= loins).]

כֶּֽסֶל ᴵᴵ, כֵּֽסֶל m.n. 1 stupidity, folly. 2 confidence. [From כסל.]

כִּסְלָה f.n. 1 stupidity, folly. 2 confidence. [Formed from כסל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

כִּסְלֵו m.n. ‘Kislev’ — name of the ninth month of the Jewish year. [A loan word from Akka. kislīmu, kislīwu. For the interchangeability of w and m in Akka. cp. מַרֽחֶשְׁוָן, שֽׁוַלְיָה.]

כִּסְלוּת f.n. MH stupidity. [Formed from כסל with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כְּסִילוּת.]

כסם to shear, clip.
    — Qal - כָּסַם he shore, clipped (in the Bible it occurs only Ezek. 44:20 in the phrase כָּסוֹם יִכְסְמוּ אֶת־רָאשֵׁיהֶם, ‘they shall by all means clip their heads’). [Akka. kasāmu (= to cut into pieces), kisimmu (= name of an insect). Related to base גזם.] Derivatives: כְּסִימָה, כִּרֽסֵם, prob. also כֻּסֶּמֶת.

כֻּסֶּֽמֶת m.n. (pl. כֻּסְּמִים) spelt. [Ugar. ksmm. Prob. derived from כסם and lit. meaning ‘the corn with clipped awn’.]

כֵּסְנְוֹעַ m.n. NH rocking chair. [Compounded of כֵּס (= chair), and נוֹעַ (= to move). See נוע and cp. the second element in דּֽרַגְנוֹעַ, קוֹלְנוֹעַ, רְאִינוֹעַ.]

כְּסֶנוֹפוֹבְּיָה see קֽסֶנוֹפוֹבְּיָה.

כסס ᴵ to grind, chew, gnaw.
    — Qal - כָּסַס he ground, chewed, gnawed.
    — Niph. - נִכֽסַס was ground, was chewed, was gnawed.
    — Pu. - כֻּסַּס (of s.m.). [Aram. כּֽסַס, כַּס, Arab. kassa (= he chewed), ka’asha (= he ate), Akka. kasāsu (= to cut into pieces), kissatu (= fodder), Aram. כִּסְּתָא, Syr. כֶּסְתָּא (= fodder). cp. קסס ᴵ.] Derivatives: כָּסוּס, כּֽסִיסָה, מְכֻסָּס, כִּיסָן.

כסס ᴵᴵ to compute, reckon.
    — Qal - כָּסַס he computed, reckoned (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 12:4 in the form תָּכֹסּוּ). [The orig. meaning prob. was ‘to make small, divide up’, so that כסס ᴵᴵ is ultimately identical with כסס ᴵ.]

כסף ᴵ to long for.
    — Qal - כָּסַף he longed for, yearned for.
    — Niph. - נִכְסַף he longed for, yearned for.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּסֵּף he longed for, yearned.
    — Hiph. - הִכְסִיף PBH 1 he became white, grew pale; PBH 2 it deteriorated; NH 3 he put to shame. [Aram. כְּסַף (was pale, was white; whence ‘was white for shame’, ‘was ashamed’), Arab. kasapha (= was colorless, was obscured, was eclipsed — said of the sun or the moon).] Derivatives: כָּסוּף ᴵ, כִּסּוּף, כְּסִיפָה, כְּסִיפוּת, כֹּסֶף, כִּסָּפוֹן, הַכְסָפָה ᴵ, מַכְסִיף, נִכְסָף, prob. also כֶּסֶף.

כסף ᴵᴵ NH to silver.
    — Hiph. - הִכֽסִיף he covered or plated with silver, silvered.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְסַף was covered or plated with silver, was silvered. [Denominated from כֶּסֶף.] Derivatives: הַכֽסָפָה ᴵᴵ, מֻכְסָף.

כֶּֽסֶף 1 silver. 2 money. [Related to Phoen. כסף, BAram. and Aram. כְּסַף, כַּסֽפָּא, Syr. כֻּסְפָּא, Ugar. ksp, Akka. kaspu. These words prob. derive from כסף ᴵ and lit. mean ‘the pale metal’.] Derivatives: כסף ᴵᴵ, כָּסֹף, כַּסָּף, כַּסְפִּי, כַּסְפִּית, כְּסַפְסַף, כַּסֶּפֶת, מִכְסָף.

כַּסָּף m.n. PBH silversmith. [Nomen opificis formed from כֶּסֶף.]

כֹּֽסֶף m.n. MH longing, yearning. [From כסף ᴵ.]

כָּסֹף adj. NH silver(colored), silvery. [From כֶּסֶף.]

כֻּסְפָּה f.n. PBH substance of ground sesame, dates or other fruit. [From Aram. כֻּסְפָּא, which is a Persian loan word.]

כִּסָּפוֹן m.n. NH longing, yearning. [Formed from כסף ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

כַּסָּפִי see כַּסָּף.

כַּסְפִּי adj. NH 1 silvery. 2 financial, monetary. [Formed from כֶּסֶף with suff. ◌ִי.]

כַּסְפִּית f.n. NH mercury, quicksilver. [Formed from כֶּסֶף with suff. ◌ִית. cp. Modern L. hydrargyrus (= mercury), from Gk. hydor (= water), and argyros (= silver), Ger. Quecksilber, Eng. quicksilver, etc.]

כְּסַפְסַף adj. NH silvery. [Formed from כֶּסֶף through reduplication of the second and third radical on the analogy of אֲדַמְדַּם (= reddish), יְרַקֽרַק (= greenish).]

כַּסֶּֽפֶת ᴵ f.n. NH 1 iron safe. 2 cash register. [Formed from כֶּסֶף (= silver) on the analogy of Aram. כְּסִפְתָּא (= money chest), which derives from Aram. כַּסְפָּא (= silver).]

כַּסֶּֽפֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. NH argyrosis (plant’s disease). [Coined from כֶּסֶף (= silver), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases (see e.g. אַדֶּמֶת). Properly loan translation of the scientific name argyrosis, which is formed from Gk. argyros (= silver).]

כֶּֽסֶת ᴵ f.n. band of charm. [Prob. a loan word traceable to Akka. kasū (= to bind a kind of charm).]

כֶּֽסֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH cushion, pillow. [Prob. derived from כסה (= to cover).] Derivative: כַּסָּת.

כַּסָּת m.n. PBH a cushion maker. [Nomen opificis formed from כֶּסֶת ᴵᴵ.]

כַּעְבָּה f.n. ‘Kaaba’, ‘Caaba’. [Arab. ka’ba (= square house), from ka‘b (= cube). cp. Gk. kybos (= cube, cubical die), whence L. cubus, whence Fren. cube, etc. which is prob. of Sem. origin. (The y in kybos is equivalent to Sem. ע).]

כָּעוּס adj. PBH angry. [Pass. part. of כָּעַס. See כעס.]

כָּעוּר adj. PBH ugly, unseemly. [Pass. part. of כָּעַר. See כער and cp. כָּאוּר.] Derivative: כְּעִירוּת.

כִּעוּר m.n. PBH ugliness, unseemliness. [Verbal n. of כִּעֵר, Pi. of כער. cp. כֵּאוּר.]

כְּעֵין adv. like, similar to. [Lit. ‘having the appearance of’. Formed from עֵין, c. st. of עַיִן (= eye), with pref. כְּ◌ (= as like). The word כְּעֵין occurs in the Bible 9 times, everywhere in the above sense. cp. מֵעֵין. cp. also כְּגוֹן, which shows a similar sense development as כְּעֵין.]

כְּעִיסָה f.n. MH anger. [Verbal n. of כָּעַס. See כעס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּעִירוּת f.n. PBH ugliness. [Formed from כָּעוּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּֽעַךְ m.n. PBH ring-shaped cake. [Aram. כַּעְכָּא, borrowed from Pers. kāk, whence also Arab. ka‘k.] Derivatives: כַּעֲכוֹן, כַּעֲכָן.

כַּעֲכוֹן m.n. NH a small ring-shaped cake. [Formed from כַּעַךְ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

כִּעְכּֽוּעַ m.n. NH coughing slightly. [Verbal n. of כִּעְכַּע. See כעכע.]

כַּעֲכָן m.n. NH baker or vendor of ring-shaped cakes. [From כַּעַךְ with suff. ◌ָן.]

כעכע to cough slightly.
    — Pilp. - כִּעְכַּע he coughed slightly.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּעְכַּע (of s.m.). [Of imitative origin.] Derivative: כִּעְכּוּעַ.

כעס (in the Bible also כעשׂ) to be vexed, be angry.
    — Qal - כָּעַס was vexed, was angry.
    — Pi. - כִּעֵס he angered.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּעֵס was vexed, was angry.
    — Hiph. - הִכְעִיס he vexed, provoked to anger.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְעַס was vexed, was made angry. [Aram. כְּעַס (= was vexed, was angry). cp. Arab. kashi‘a (= was anxious), kasha‘ (= anxiety).] Derivatives: כָּעוּס, כְּעִיסָה, כַּעַס, כַּעֲסָן, הַכְעָסָה, הִתְכַּעֲסוּת.

כַּעַס (in the Bible also כַּעַשׂ) m.n. 1 vexation, anger. 2 grief. [From כעס.]

כַּעֲסָן m.n. MH quick-tempered, irascible. [Formed from כעס with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: כַּעֲסָנוּת, כַּעֲסָנִי.

כַּעֲסָנוּת f.n. NH quick temper. [Formed from כַּעֲסָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּעֲסָנִי adj. NH quick-tempered. [Formed from כַּעֲסָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

כער to be ugly, be unseemly.
    — Pi. - כִּעֵר he made ugly.
    — Pu. - כֹּעַר was made ugly.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּעֵר became ugly.
    — Hiph. - הִכְעִיר he made ugly. [Aram. כְּעַר (= was ugly, was unseemly). cp. כאר.] Derivatives: כָּעוּר, כִּעוּר, הַכְעָרָה, הִתְכַּעֲרוּת, מְכֹעָר.

כַּֽעַשׂ m.n. var. of כַּעַס.

כָּעֵת adv. now, at present. [Formed from עֵת with pref. כְּ◌.]

כַּף f.n. (dual כַּפַּיִם, pl. כַּפּוֹת) 1 palm of the hand, hand. 2 sole of the foot. 3 pan, censer. 4 handle. 5 branch (of palm — so called from its shape). 6 spoon. 7 crest over the female genitals. 8 glove. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כַּפָּא (= hollow of the hand, pan, bowl, censer scale of the balance), Ugar. kp (= hollow of the hand, bowl), Ethiop. kappu (= hollow of the hand, scale of a balance), Syr. כֶּפְתָּא (= hollowed place, arch, vault). All these words derive from base כפף and lit. mean. ‘that which is bent’.] Derivatives: כַּפָּה, כַּפִּית, כַּפְכָּף, כַּפָּן, כַּפָּנִי, כְּפָפָה. cp. כָּף. cp. the second element in שְׁרַשְׁכַּף.

כָּף f.n. PBH (pl. כָּפִין) ‘kaph’ — name of the eleventh letter of the Hebrew alphabet. [From כַּף (= hollow of the hand) — so called in allusion to the ancient Hebrew form of this letter.]

כֵּף m.n. 1 cliff, rock. NH 2 cape (geography). [Related to Aram. כֵּיפָא, Syr. כֵּאפָא, Akka. kāpu (= rock). According to some scholars כֵּף is an aramaism. cp. personal name Caiaphas (= Aram. כֵּיפָא), lit. meaning ‘rock’.]

כפה to subdue, to force, compel.
    — Qal - כָּפָה 1 he subdued (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 21:14 in the form יִכֽפֶּה). PBH 2 he forced, compelled; PBH 3 he overturned, inverted.
    — Niph. - נִכְפָּה PBH 1 was overturned, was inverted; NH 2 was forced, was compelled; MH 3 was an epileptic. [Aram.-Syr. כְּפָא (= he bent, inclined; he overturned), Arab. kafa‘a (= he overturned), perhaps also Akka. kipū (= to bend). Related to base כסף.] Derivatives: כָּפוּי, כְּפִיָּה, כִּפְיוֹן, כְּפִיּוּת, נִכְפֶּה.

כַּפָּה f.n. MH 1 palm branch. NH 2 palm of the hand. [From כַּף. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כִּפָּה f.n. 1 palm. PBH 2 arch. PBH 3 chamber. PBH 4 prison. PBH 5 cap, skullcap. [Formed from כפף (= to bend), with first suff. ◌ָה.]

כָּפוּי adj. NH 1 forced, compelled. PBH 2 inverted. [Pass. part. of כָּפָה. See כפה.]

כָּפוּל adj. PBH 1 double. 2 folded. NH 3 multiplied. [Pass. part. of כָּפַל. See כפל.]

כִּפּוּל m.n. MH multiplication. [Verbal n. of כִּפֵּל, Pi. of כפל.]

כְּפוּלָה f.n. PBH 1 fold. NH 2 multiple. [Properly subst. use of the f. of כָּפוּל.]

כָּפוּן adj. PBH hungry. [Pass. part. of כָּפַן (= was hungry). See כפן ᴵᴵ.]

כָּפוּף adj. 1 bent, bowed. 2 subject to. [Pass. part. of כָּפַף. See כפף.] Derivative: כְּפִיפוּת.

כִּפוּף m.n. bending. [Verbal n. of כפף.]

כִּפּוּר m.n. (in the Bible only in the pl.) atonement, expiation. [Properly verbal n. of כִּפֵּר. See כפר ᴵ.]

כְּפוֹר ᴵ m.n. frost. [Related to Aram. כְּפוֹרָא (= frost).] Derivatives: כָּפוּר, כְּפוֹרִי.

כְּפוֹר ᴵᴵ m.n. cup, goblet. [Prob. related to Syr. כָּפַרְתָּא, Akka. kapru (= bowl).]

כָּפוּר adj. NH covered with frost, frosty. [From כְּפוֹר ᴵ.]

כְּפוֹרִי adj. MH frosty. [Formed from כְּפוֹר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

כָּפוּשׁ adj. PBH ugly, ungainly. [Pass. part. of כָּפַשׁ. See כפשׁ.]

כָּפוּת adj. PBH bound, tied. [Pass. part. of כָּפַת. See כפת.] Derivative: כְּפִיתוּת.

כִּפֵּֽחַ adj. PBH (also spelled קִפֵּחַ) very tall (said of a person). [Of uncertain etymology. Perhaps related to גִּבֵּחַ. cp. קִפֵּחַ.]

כְּפִי prep. according to. [Formed from כְּ◌ (= as), and פִּי, c. st. of פֶּה (= mouth). cp. Akka. kī pī, Aram. כְּפוּם (= according to).]

כֻּפְיָה f.n. PBH mackerel. [Aram. כֻּפְיָא.]

כָּפִיָּה f.n. NH ‘kaffia’ — headdress worn by Arabs. [Arab. kaffiyya from al-Kūfa (= ‘Al Kufa’, a town in Iraq, where it was orig. manufactured).]

כְּפִיָּה f.n. 1 PBH 1 inverting. MH 2 forcing, compulsion. MH 3 epilepsy. [Verbal n. of כָּפָה. See כפה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כִּפְיוֹן m.n. (pl. כִּפְיוֹנוֹת) NH 1 bending, inclination. MH 2 epilepsy. [Formed from כפה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

כְּפִיּוּת f.n. NH binding, overturning; used only in the phrase כְּפִיּוּת־טוֹבָה ᴵᴵ (= ingratitude). From כפה. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.

כָּפִיל m.n. NH (somebody’s) double, alter ego. [From כָּפַל. See כפל.]

כְּפִילָה f.n. PBH 1 doubling. MH 2 folding. NH 3 multiplying. [Verbal n. of כָּפַל. See כפל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּפִילוּת f.n. MH 1 duality, dualism. 2 overlapping, redundancy. [Formed from כָּפוּל with suff. ◌וּת.]

כָּפִיס m.n. rafter (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hab. 2:11). [Of uncertain origin; possibly a secondary form of גָּבִישׁ.]

כָּפִיף adj. flexible, pliable. [From כפף.]

כְּפִיפָה ᴵ f.n. PBH bending, flexion. [Verbal n. of כָּפַף. See כפף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּפִיפָה ᴵᴵ f.n. wicker basket. [Also spelled קְפִיפָה. Perhaps related to קֻפָּה (= basket).]

כְּפִיפוּת f.n. MH flexibility. [Formed from כָּפוּף with suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּפִיר m.n. young lion. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps a derivative of base כפר ᴵ (= to cover), and properly denoting a lion already covered with a mane.]

כְּפִירָה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 denial. MH 2 atheism. [Verbal n. of כָּפַר (= he denied). See כפר ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּפִירָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH a female young lion. [f. of כְּפִיר.]

כְּפִירוּת f.n. MH atheism. [Formed from כפר ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כְּפִירָה ᴵ.]

כְּפִישָׁה ᴵ f.n. PBH ugliness. [From כפשׁ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּפִישָׁה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH wicker basket. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps lit. meaning ‘a bent broad-brimmed receptacle’, and derived from כפשׁ.]

כַּפִּית f.n. NH teaspoon. [Dimin. formed from כַּף. cp. יָדִית (= handle), dimin. formed from יָד (= hand).]

כְּפִיתָה f.n. PBH tying up. [Verbal n. of כָּפַת. See כפת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּפִיתוּת f.n. NH being tied up. [Formed from כָּפוּת with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּפְכַּף m.n. NH wooden shoe, clog, sabot. [From כַּף. Secondary form of קַבְקַב (q.v.).]

כפל to double.
    — Qal - כָּפַל he doubled, doubled over, folded.
    — Niph. - נִכְפַּל 1 was doubled, was folded; PBH 2 was multiplied.
    — Pi. - כִּפֵּל he doubled.
    — Pu. - כֻּפַּל was doubled.
    — Nith. - נִתֽכַּפֵּל 1 was doubled, was folded; 2 was multiplied.
    — Shiph. - שִׁכְפֵּל (see שׁכפל). [Aram.-Syr. כְּפַל (= he doubled), Aram. כִּפְלָא, כֻּפֽלָא, Arab. kifl (= the double), Akka. kapālu (= to coil, twist), Ethiop. kafala (= he divided), kefel (= a part). cp. קפל.] Derivatives: כּוֹפֵל, כָּפוּל, כִּפּוּל, כּֽפוּלָה, כָּפִיל, כּֽפִילָה, כּֽפִילוּת, כֶּפֶל, כְּפָל, כִּפֽלוֹן, כַּפְלָן, הַכְפָּלָה, הִכָּפְלוּת, מַכְפִּיל, מֻכְפָּל, מֽכֻפָּל, מַכְפֵּלָה, מַכְפֶּלֶת, נִכְפָּל.

כֶּֽפֶל m.n. 1 fold. PBH 2 the double. MH 3 multiplication. [From כפל.]

כְּפָל m.n. NH duplicate. [From כפל.]

כִּפְלוֹן m.n. PBH manifold, double; whence (fig.) longevity. [Formed from כפל with ◌וֹן, suff. denoting abstract nouns.]

כַּפְלָן f.n. NH doubling, strengthening. [Formed from כָּפַל with suff. ◌ָן.]

כפן ᴵ to bend, incline.
    — Qal - כָּפַן (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 17:7 in the phrase וְהִנֵּה הַגֶּפֶן הַזֹּאת כָּפֽנָה שָׁרָשֶׁיהָ עָלָיו, which prob. means ‘behold this vine bent its roots toward it’). [Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to base כפף.]

כפן ᴵᴵ to be hungry.
    — Qal - כָּפַן he starved (used only in the pass. part. כָּפוּן).
    — Hiph. - הִכְפִּין he starved (tr. v.).
    — Hoph. - הֻכְפַּן was starved. [Aram. כְּפַן, כְּפֵן, Syr. כְּפֵן (= was hungry), Arab. kafana (= he wrapped a corpse in a shroud). For sense development cp. Aram. טְוָה, Syr. טֽוָא (= he wrapped up, span, was hungry, suffered hunger), Arab. tawa (= he folded, wrapped up, enveloped, buried), tawiya (= was hungry, suffered hunger). cp. also Eng. starve, which unites the meanings ‘to suffer from hunger’ and ‘to die from lack of food’, and its Ger. equivalent sterben (= to die).] Derivatives: כָּפוּן, כָּפָן.

כָּפָן m.n. hunger, famine (occurring only Job 5:22 and 30:3). [From כפן ᴵᴵ. Prob. an Aramaism.]

כַּפָּן m.n. NH the spoonbill (bird). [Formed from כַּף (= spoon) with suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּפָּנִי adj. NH palmate (leaf). [Formed from כַּף (palm of the hand) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

כַּפְנִית f.n. PBH panicle of dates. [Of uncertain etymology.]

כפף to bend, be bent, be bowed.
    — Qal - כָּפַף 1 he bent, curved; PBH 2 he forced, compelled.
    — Niph. - נִכַּף, נִכְפַּף was bent.
    — Po‘el . - כּוֹפֵף he bent, curved.
    — Po‘al . - כּוֹפַף was bent, was curved.
    — Hith. - הִתְכּוֹפֵף he bent himself, became curved.
    — Hiph. - הִכְפִּיף he bent, bowed.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְפַּף was bent, was bowed. [Aram. כְּפַף, Syr. כַּף, Arab. kaffa (= he bent), Akka. kapāpu (= to bend, curve), Palm. כפתא (= niche). Related to base כפה.] Derivatives: הַכְפָּפָה, כַּף, כִּפָּה, כָּפוּף, כָּפִיף, כְּפִיפָה ᴵ, כֶּפֶף, הִתֽכּוֹפֽפוּת, נִכְפָּף.

כֶּֽפֶף m.n. MH bending, bowing. [From כפף.]

כְּפָפָה f.n. NH glove. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) as a dimin. of כַּף (= hand). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כפר ᴵ to atone for, make atonement, expiate.
    — Pi. - כִּפֵּר he atoned, made atonement, expiated, pacified, propitiated, forgave; 2 he made void.
    — Pu. - כֻּפַּר 1 was atoned for, was expiated, was forgiven; 2 was made void.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּפֵּר, נִכַּפֵּר was atoned for, was expiated, was forgiven. [The orig. meaning prob. was ‘he covered’. It is related to Aram. כַּפֵּר (= he forgave, atoned, expiated), Arab. kafara (= he covered, hid). Some scholars connect כפר ᴵ with Akka. kapāru, kuppuru (= to wipe off; to expiate), Aram.-Syr. כְּפַר (= he washed away, wiped off). However, as shown by the Aram. verbs כְּפַר and כַּפֵּר, the meanings ‘to wash away, wipe off, cover, expiate’, are interrelated, and, accordingly, all the above words are etymologically connected. For sense development cp. Arab. ghafara (= he covered, he forgave), ‘afa (= he covered, he wiped out, he forgave).] Derivatives: כִּפּוּר, כֹּפֶר ᴵ, כַּפָּרָה, הִתְכַּפְּרוּת, מְכֻפָּר, prob. also כַּפֹּרֶת.

כפר ᴵᴵ to deny.
    — Qal - כָּפַר he denied. [Aram.-Syr. כְּפַר, Arab. kafara (= he denied).] Derivatives: כּוֹפֵר, כְּפִירָה, כְּפִירוּת, כַּפְרָן.

כפר ᴵᴵᴵ to pitch, besmear.
    — Qal - כָּפַר he pitched, besmeared (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 6:14 in the phrase וְכָפַרְתָּ אֹתָהּ מִבַּיִת וּמִחוּץ בַּכֹּפֶר, ‘thou shalt pitch it within and without with pitch’).] [Denominated from כֹּפֶר ᴵᴵ.]

כֹּֽפֶר ᴵ m.n. ransom. [From כפר ᴵ.]

כֹּֽפֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. pitch, asphalt. [Related to Aram. כֻּפְרָא, Syr. כּוּפְרָא (= pitch), Akka. kupru, kupur (= asphalt). Arab. kufr (= pitch) is an Aram. loan word.]

כֹּֽפֶר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. 1 Lawsonia inermis (the henna plant). 2 camphor (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 1:14 and, in the pl., Cant. 4:13). [Related to Aram. כְּפוֹרָא, Syr. כּוּפְרָא (= the henna plant). Arab. kāfūr (= camphor) is borrowed from Aram.]

כֹּֽפֶר ᴵⱽ m.n. village (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 6:18). [A secondary form of כְּפָר.]

כְּפָר m.n. village (in the Bible occurring only in the pl., Cant. 7:12 and Chron. I 27:25). [Related to Aram. כַּפְרָא, כִּפְרָא, Syr. כַּפְּרָא (= village). Akka. kapru and Arab. kafr are Aram. loan words.] Derivatives: כְּפָרִי, כַּפְרִי, כֻּפְרִי.

כַּפָּרָה f.n. PBH 1 atonement, expiation. 2 expiatory sacrifice. [From כִּפֵּר (= he atoned, expiated). See כפר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּפָרִי, כַּפְרִי adj. MH of the village, rural, villager. [Formed from כְּפָר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: כְּפָרִיּוּת, כַּפְרִיּוּת.

כֻּפְרִי adj. PBH of the village, rural. [Formed from כֹּפֶר ᴵⱽ with suff. ◌ִי.]

כְּפָרִיּוּת, כַּפְרִיּוּת f.n. MH rusticity, rustic life. [Formed from כְּפָרִי or כַּפְרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּפְרָן m.n. PBH 1 denier. MH 2 unbeliever, atheist. [Formed from כפר ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: כַּפְרָנוּת.

כַּפְרָנוּת f.n. PBH 1 denial, lying. MH 2 atheism. [Formed from כַּפְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּפֹּֽרֶת f.n. ‘Kaporet’ — according to several scholars meaning ‘the cover of the Holy Ark’, according to others ‘propitiatory’, ‘Mercy Seat’ (based on the rendering of the Septuagint and that of the Vulgate propitiatorium, ‘propitiatory’). [Prob. derived from כפר ᴵ (= to cover), resp. its derivative כִּפֵּר (= he atoned for, expiated). For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת. Arab. kaffāra (= atonement, expiation) is prob. a Heb. loan word.]

כפשׁ to bend together, make bent, press down.
    — Qal - כָּפַשׁ he pressed.
    — Niph. - נִכְפַּשׁ was pressed down, was trodden upon.
    — Hiph. - הִכְפִּישׁ he trod down, made cower, soiled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:16 in the phrase הִכְפִּישַׁנִי בָּאֵפֶר, ‘he made me cower in the ashes’).
    — Hoph. - הֻכְפַּשׁ was trodden upon, was soiled.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּפֵּשׁ he dirtied himself. [TA kabāshu, kapāshu. A secondary form of כבשׁ. Prob. related to קפשׁ.] Derivatives: הַכְפָּשָׁה, כָּפוּשׁ, כְּפִישָׁה ᴵ, כֶּפֶשׁ, כֹּפֶשׁ ᴵ, מַכְפֵּשׁ, מֻכְפָּשׁ, prob. also כְּפִישָׁה ᴵᴵ and כֹּפֶשׁ ᴵᴵ.

כֹּֽפֶשׁ ᴵ, כֶּֽפֶשׁ m.n. MH pressure, treading. [From כפשׁ.]

כֹּֽפֶשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH olive basket. [A collateral form of כְּפִישָׁה ᴵᴵ.]

כפת PBH to bind, tie.
    — Qal - כָּפַת he bound, tied.
    — Niph. - נִכְפַּת was bound, was tied.
    — Pi. - כִּפֵּת he bound together, tied together.
    — Pu. - כֻּפַּת was bound, was tied.
    — Hiph. - הִכְפִּית he bound, tied. [Prob. related to כפשׁ.] Derivatives: כָּפוּת, כְּפִיתָה, כֶּפֶת.

כֶּֽפֶת m.n. PBH knot, tie. [From כפת.]

כֹּֽפֶת m.n. PBH 1 block of wood. 2 lump of dough. [Related to Aram. כֻּפְתָּא (= block of wood), prob. also to Arab. kafata (= he contracted, restrained).] Derivative: כֻּפְתָּה.

כֻּפְתָּה f.n. NH (pl. כֻּפְתּוֹת and כֻּפְתָּאוֹת) dumpling. [From כֹּפֶת (= lump of dough). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כַּפְתּוֹר m.n. 1 capital (of a pillar). 2 knob. NH 3 button. [Of uncertain etymology. Perhaps enlarged from base כתר (= to crown).] Derivative: כפתר.

כִּפְתּוּר m.n. NH buttoning (up). [Verbal n. of כִּפְתֵּר. See כפתר.]

כפתר NH to button (up).
    — Pi. - כִּפְתֵּר he buttoned (up).
    — Pu. - כֻּפְתַּר was buttoned (up).
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּפְתֵּר 1 he buttoned (up) his coat; 2 he buttoned himself up, was reserved. [Back formation from כַּפְתּוֹר.] Derivatives: כִּפְתּוּר, מְכַפְתֵּר, מְכֻפְתָּר.

כַּר ᴵ m.n. 1 saddle (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 31:34 in the phrase כַּר הַגָּמָל, ‘camel saddle’). PBH 2 bolster, pillow. [Related to Aram. כַּר, כָּרָא (= bolster, pillow), Arab. kūr (= camel saddle), karr (= mat).] Derivatives: כָּרָר, כָּרִית.

כַּר ᴵᴵ m.n. pasture, meadow. [Related to Akka. kīru (= grove).]

כַּר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. 1 he-lamb. 2 battering ram. [For sense development cp. L. aries (= ram, battering ram), Fren. bélier (= ram, battering ram), and Eng. ram, battering ram. Prob. a derivative of כרר (= to jump). cp. כִּרְכָּרָה.]

כָּרָאוּי adv. PBH as is suitable, properly. [Formed from pref. כְּ◌ (= as), and רָאוּי (= suitable), pass. part. of רָאָה. See ראה.]

כּרב to plow.
    — Qal - כָּרַב he plowed. [From Aram. כְּרַב, which is related to Arab. karaba (= he plowed).] Derivatives: כְּרָב, כְּרִיבָה.

כְּרָב m.n. NH plowed field. [From כרב. cp. Aram. כְּרָבָא (= plowed field).]

כַּרְבֶּל m.n. NH (pl. כַּרְבִּלִּים) a large sieve. [From Arab. ghirbāl (= sieve), a loan word from Late L. crībellum, dimin. of L. crībrum (= sieve), which is related to cernere (= to distinguish, separate, sift). See ‘cribriform’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘garble’ ibid. cp. also כרבל ᴵᴵ.]

כרבל ᴵ to put on a cloak.
    — Pi. - כִּרְבֵּל he wrapped (in a cloak).
    — Pu. - כֻּרְבַּל was wrapped in a cloak (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. I 15:27 in the part. מֽכֻרְבָּל).
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּרְבֵּל he wrapped himself. [Denominated from Aram. כַּרְבְּלָא (= cap) which is prob. a loan word from Akka. karballatu (= cap). cp. כַּרֽבֹּלֶת.] Derivatives: הִתְכַּרְבְּלוּת, מְכֻרְבָּל.

כרבל ᴵᴵ to sift.
    — Pi. - כִּרְבֵּל he sifted. [From Arab. gharbala (= he sifted) from ghirbāl (= sieve). See כַּרְבֶּל.]

כַּרְבֹּֽלֶת f.n. PBH crest, cock’s comb. [Together with Aram.-Syr. כַּרְבָּלְתָּא, of s.m., borrowed from Akka. karballatu (= cap). cp. כרבל ᴵ.] Derivatives: כַּרְבֶּלֶת, כַּרְבָּלְתָּן.

כַּרְבֶּֽלֶת f.n. NH comb disease (of fowl). [From כַּרְבֹּלֶת.]

כַּרְבָּלְתָּן m.n. NH Bongardia (a genus of plants). [Formed from כַּרְבֹּלֶת with suff. ◌ָן; so called because its flowers resemble a cock’s comb.]

כְּרַגָּא f.n. PBH tax, poll tax. [Aram., from Pers. karāka (= land tax), whence also Arab. kharāj, kharj, whence also BAram. הֲלָךְ (= road tax). See הֲלָךְ ᴵᴵ.]

כרה ᴵ to dig.
    — Qal - כָּרָה he dug.
    — Niph. - נִכְרָה was dug. [Aram. כְּרָא, Arab. karā, Ethiop. karay (= he dug). The orig. meaning of this base was ‘to make round’. This meaning appears in Arab. kura (= globe, sphere, ball), Aram. כְּרֵי, Syr. כַּרְיָא (= heap), and in Syr. כְּרָא (= was short; lit. ‘was rounded off’). cp. מְכוֹרָה. cp. also the related base כרר.] Derivatives: כָּרוּי, כְּרִי, כְּרִיָּה, מִכְרֶה.

כרה ᴵᴵ to buy, trade.
    — Qal - כָּרָה he bought, traded.
    — Niph. - נִכְרָה was bought, traded. [Arab. karā (= he let for hire.] Derivative: כָּרוּי ᴵᴵ.

כרה ᴵᴵᴵ to give a feast.
    — Qal - כָּרָה he gave a feast, made a banquet (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 6:23 in the sentence וַיִּכְרֶה לָהֶם כֵּרָה גְדוֹלָה; see כֵּרָה).
    — Niph. - נִכְרָה (a feast) was given, (a banquet) was made. [Denominated from כֵּרָה.]

כֵּרָה f.n. feast, banquet (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 6:23 in the sentence וַיִּכְרֶה לָהֶם כֵּרָה גְדוֹלָה, ‘and he prepared a great feast for them’). [Perhaps borrowed from Akka. kirētu (= feast, banquet).]

כְּרוּב ᴵ m.n. cherub. [Related to Akka. karābu (= to bless), kāribu (= one who blesses), epithet of the bull-colossus, and to ברך ᴵᴵ (= to bless). cp. Aram.-Syr. כְּרוּבָא (= cherub).]

כְּרוּב ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH cabbage. [Together with Aram. כְּרוּבָא, כַּרְבָּא, Syr. כַּרְבָּא, borrowed from Gk. krambe, which is related to krambos (= dry shriveling), kromboyn (= to roast), and cogn. with Old Ger. hrimfan, rimfan (= to contract, wrinkle), Old Eng. hrympel (= wrinkle). See ‘rumple’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘Crambe’ ibid.] Derivative: כּֽרוּבִית.

כְּרוּבִית f.n. NH cauliflower. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from כְּרוּב ᴵᴵ (= cabbage) and dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

כָּרוֹז m.n. PBH (pl. כָּרוֹזוֹת) herald. [From BAram. כָּרוֹזָא. cp. Aram. כָּרוֹז, Syr. כָּרוֹז. Prob. borrowed from Old Pers. krausa (= caller).] Derivative: כרז.

כְּרוּז m.n. PBH public announcement, proclamation. [From כרז.]

כָּרוּי ᴵ adj. MH dug. [Pass. part. of כָּרָה. See כרה ᴵᴵ.]

כָּרוּי ᴵᴵ adj. MH bought, purchased. [Pass. part. of כָּרָה. See כרה ᴵᴵ.]

כְּרַוְיָה f.n. PBH caraway. [From Gk. karon (= caraway), which is of uncertain etymology. cp. ‘caraway’ in my CEDEL.]

כָּרוּךְ adj. PBH attached, clinging, tied. [Pass. part. of כָּרַךְ. See כרך.] Derivative: כְּרוּכִית.

כְּרוּכְיָה f.n. PBH crane. [Aram. כּֽרוּכְיָא, Syr. כּוּרְכְּיָא. Prob. a loan word from Akka. kurkū, which itself is borrowed from Sumerian kurgi(l).]

כְּרוּכִית f.n. NH strudel. [Formed from כָּרוּךְ with suff. ◌ִית.]

כְּרוּם m.n. PBH 1 yellow or green color. 2 a fabulous multicolored bird. [Prob. derived from Gk. chroma (= color), which is related to chroia, of s.m., chrozein (= to touch the surface of a body, to tinge, to color), from IE base ghrōu-, ghrō- (= to rub, smear, tinge), which is related to base gher- (= to rub). See ‘chrism’ in my CEDEL. cp. כְּרוֹם, כְּרוֹמָטִי and כְּרוֹמוֹסוֹמָה, כְּרוֹמוֹסְפֵירָה.]

כְּרוֹם m.n. FW 1 chrome (chemistry). 2 chromium. [In sense 1 from Fren. chrome, which was coined by the French chemist Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in 1797 from Gk. chroma (= color). In sense 2 from Modern L. chromium, which was coined by the French chemist Count Antoine François de Fourcroy (1755–1809) and the French mineralogist René Just Haüy (1743–1822), from Gk. chroma (= color), and so called by them because of its colored compounds.]

כְּרוֹמוֹסוֹמָה f.n. FW chromosome (biology). [Coined by the German anatomist Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz in 1888 from Gk. chroma (= color) and soma (= body).] See ‘-some’ (combining form denoting the body) in my CEDEL.]

כְּרוֹמוֹסְפֵירָה f.n. FW chromosphere (astronomy). [Compounded of Gk. chroma (= color) and sphaira (= ball, globe, sphere). See כּֽרוּם and סֽפֵירָה.]

כְּרוֹמָטִי adj. FW chromatic (music). [Gk. chromatikos (= pertaining to color), from chroma, genitive chromatos (= color). See כּֽרוּם and suff. ◌ִי.]

כֵּרְוָן m.n. NH Burhinus oedicnemus (ornithology).

כְּרוֹנוֹגְרָף m.n. FW chronograph. [Compounded of Gk. chronos (= time), and graphos, from graphein (= to write). See כְּרוֹנִי and ◌גְרָף.]

כְּרוֹנוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW chronology. [Compounded of Gk. chronos (= time), and - logia, from logos (= one who speaks in a certain manner, one who deals with a certain topic). See כְּרוֹנִי and ◌לוֹגֽיָה.]

כְּרוֹנוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW chronometer. [Compounded of Gk. chronos (= time), and metron (= measure). See כְּרוֹנִי and מֶטֶר.]

כְּרוֹנִי adj. FW chronic. [From Gk. chronikos (= pertaining to time), from chronos (= time), which prob. stands for ĝhr-on-os and derives from IE base ĝher- (= to seize, take, hold, close, envelop), whence also cheir (= hand). See כִּירוֹמַנְטְיָה. Time is regarded as ‘that which embraces all things’. cp. כּֽרוֹנִיקָה. cp. also the first element in כְּרוֹנוֹגֽרָף, כּֽרוֹנוֹלוֹגְיָה, כְּרוֹנוֹמֶטֶר and the second element in אֲנַכֽרוֹנִיזְם and in סִינֽכְּרוֹנִי.]

כְּרוֹנִיקָה f.n. FW chronicle. [L. chronica (neuter pl. mistaken for a f. sing.), from Gk. chronika, neuter pl. of chronikos (= pertaining to time). See כְּרוֹנִי.]

כָּרוּת adj. cut, hewn. [Pass. part. of כָּרַת. See כרת and cp. כְּרוּתָה.]

כְּרוּתָה f.n. a cut beam (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 6:36 in the pl.). [Subst. use of the f. pl. of כָּרוּת.]

כרז to announce, proclaim.
    — Qal - כָּרַז he announced, proclaimed.
    — Niph. - נִכְרַז was announced, was proclaimed.
    — Hiph. - הִכְרִיז he announced, proclaimed, declared.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְרַז was announced, was proclaimed, was declared. [Denominated from כָּרוֹז.] Derivatives: מֻכְרָז, כְּרוּז, כּֽרָזָה, כּֽרִיזָה, הַכְרָזָה, מִכֽרָז, מַכֽרִיז.

כָּרָז m.n. PBH 1 (according to Rashi:) a kind of locust. 2 (according to others:) amphibian. [Aram. כְּרָזָא. Of unknown etymology.] Derivative: כְּרָזִי.

כְּרָזָה f.n. NH placard, poster. [Formed from כרז with first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּרָזִי adj. NH amphibian. [Formed from כָּרָז (= amphibian) with suff. ◌ִי.]

כַּרְזִיל m.n. PBH shepherd’s assistant. [From Aram. כַּרְזִילָא, which, together with Syr. כַּרֽזִילָא (= shepherd’s crook, shepherd), is borrowed from Gk. kordule (= cudgel, club; properly ‘something twisted’), from IE base (s)qer (= to turn, twist, swing, to leap). See ‘cardinal’ (adj.) in my CEDEL.]

כרח to force, compel.
    — Hiph. - הִכְרִיחַ he forced, compelled.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְרַח he was forced, was compelled. [Aram.-Syr. כְּרַהּ (= was sick), Arab. kariha (= he detested, loathed, abhorred), ’akraha (= he forced, compelled), Ethiop. karha (= he forced, compelled).] Derivatives: כֹּרַח, הֶכְרֵחַ, מֻכְרָח.

כֹּֽרַח m.n. PBH compulsion. [From כרח. cp. Arab. kurh (= disgust, loathing, something disagreeable), ala kurhin (= unwillingly, reluctantly).]

כַּרְטוֹגְרָף m.n. FW cartographer. [A hybrid coined from Fren. carte (= playing card) and Gk. graphos (= a person who writes), from graphein (= to write). Fren. carte derives from Late L. carta (= a leaf of paper, paper). See כַּרְטוֹן.]

כַּרְטוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW cartography. [See כַּרֽטוֹגְרָף and suff. ◌ֽיָה.]

כַּרְטוֹן m.n. FW cardboard, carton. [Fren. carton, from It. cartone, augment of carta (= paper), from Late L. carta (= a leaf of paper, paper), from L. charta (= a leaf of Egyptian papyrus, papyrus, paper), from Gk. chartes. See כַּרְטִיס and cp. קַרֽטֶל.]

כִּרְטוּס m.n. FW card-indexing. [Verbal n. of כִּרֽטֵס. See כרטס.]

כַּרְטוֹתֵיקָה f.n. FW 1 document. 2 card index, file. [Compounded of Gk. chartes (= a leaf of the Egyptian papyrus, papyrus, paper), and theke (= case, box, chest). See כַּרֽטִיס and תִּיק.]

כַּרְטִיס m.n. PBH card, ticket. [Aram. כַּרְטִיסָא (= document), a loan word from Gk. chartes (= a leaf of the Egyptian papyrus, papyrus, paper), which is of foreign, possibly Egypt., origin. cp. צ׳רְטֶר.] Derivatives: כרטס, כַּרְטִיסִיָּה, כַּרְטִיסָן, כַּרְטֶסֶת.

כַּרְטִיסִיָּה f.n. NH 1 ticket block. 2 card index. [Formed from כַּרְטִיס with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

כַּרְטִיסָן m.n. NH ticket seller, conductor (in a bus, etc.). [Formed from כַּרְטִיס with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כרטס NH to card-index.
    — Pi. - כִּרֽטֵס he card-indexed.
    — Pu. - כֻּרְטַס was card-indexed. [Back formation from כַּרְטִיס.] Derivatives: כִּרְטוּס, מֽכֻרְטָס.

כַּרְטֶֽסֶת f.n. NH card index. [From כַּרְטִיס. For the ending see suff. ◌ָת.]

כָּרִי m.n. royal bodyguard. [Perhaps an abbreviated form of כְּרֵתִי (q.v.) or a loan word from Akka. kar-sa (= Carians) — a name given to the royal bodyguard, so called because they orig. came from Caria, a country in southwestern Asia Minor. For sense development cp. Ger. Schweizer (= Swiss; Swiss bodyguard) and Eng. Switzer (= Swiss; Swiss mercenary soldier).]

כְּרִי m.n. PBH (pl. כְּרָיִים) heap (of grain). [Together with Aram. כְּרֵי, Aram. and Syr. כַּרֽיָא (= heap), derived from כרה ᴵ (= to make round), whence also Arab. kura (= globe, sphere, ball). cp. כרם ᴵᴵ.]

כְּרִיבָה f.n. MH plowing. [Verbal n. of כָּרַב. See כרב. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּרִיָּה f.n. PBH digging. [Verbal n. of כָּרָה ᴵ. See כרה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּרִיזָה f.n. NH public announcement. [Formed from כרז with suff. ◌ָה.]

כָּרִיזְמָה f.n. FW charisma. [Gk. charisma (= grace, favor, gift), from charizesdai (= to show favor), from charis (= grace).]

כָּרִיךְ ᴵ m.n. NH sandwich. [Coined from כרך (= to wrap up), with reference to Hillel, who הָיָה כּוֹרֵךְ מַצָּה וּמָרוֹר וֽאוֹכֵל בְּיַחַד (= wrapped up ‘matzah’ and ‘maror’ and ate them together), as related in the ‘Haggadah’.]

כָּרִיךְ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH Carex (a genus of herbs). [Formed from the scientific name Carex, from L. cārex (= rush, sedge). See ‘Carex’ in my CEDEL.]

כְּרִיכָה f.n. PBH 1 winding round. PBH 2 a small sheaf. NH 3 binding (of books). [Verbal n. of כָּרַךְ. See כרך and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּרִיכִיָּה f.n. NH book-binding shop, bindery. [From כרך. For the ending see suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

כְּרִיעָה f.n. PBH kneeling. [Verbal n. of כָּרַע. See כרע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כָּרִישׁ m.n. PBH shark. [From Aram. כְּרִישָׁא, כַּרְשָׁא, which is of unknown origin.]

כְּרֵישָׁה see כְּרֵשָׁה.

כָּרִית f.n. NH a small pillow, pad. [Dimin. formed from כַּר (= pillow) (see כַּר ᴵ) with suff. ◌ִית.]

כְּרִיתָה f.n. PBH 1 cutting. 2 excision. 3 divorcing. 4 extirpation. 5 making a covenant. [Verbal n. of כָּרַת. See כרת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּרִיתוּת f.n. divorcement. [From כרת.]

כרך to bind round, wrap, surround.
    — Qal - כָּרַךְ PBH 1 he bound round, wrapped up; PBH 2 he combined; NH 3 he bound (books).
    — Niph. - נִכֽרַךְ PBH 1 was bound round, was wrapped up; NH 2 was bound (said of a book); NH 3 was attached to.
    — Pi. - כֵּרַךְ he bound, wrapped up.
    — Pu. - כֹּרַךְ was bound, was wrapped up.
    — Hiph. - הִכְרִיךְ he bound, wrapped up.
    — Nith. - נִתְכָּרֵךְ was bound, was wrapped up. [Aram.-Syr. כּֽרַךְ (= he bound round, wrapped, surrounded), prob. also Akka. karāku (= to wrap). This base is properly a shortened form of base כרר.] Derivatives: כּוֹרֵךְ, כָּרוּךְ, כָּרִיךְ ᴵ, כְּרִיכִיָּה, כֶּרֶךְ, כְּרֹכֶת, כְכֹרָךְ, תַּכְרִיךְ. cp. כְּרַךְ.

כֶּֽרֶךְ m.n. PBH 1 volume. 2 bundle. [From כרך.]

כְּרַךְ m.n. (pl. כְּרַכִּים) PBH 1 walled city. NH 2 a large city, metropolis. [Together with Aram. כְּרַכָּא prob. derived from base כרך and lit. denoting a city surrounded by walls.] Derivative: כּֽרַכִּי.

כַּרְכֹּב m.n. (pl. כַּרְכֻּבַּים) border, rim, edge. [Of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: כרכב, כַּרְכֶּבֶת.

כרכב to make a rim.
    — Pi. - כִּרְכֵּב he made a rim, rimmed, encircled.
    — Pu. - כֻּרְכַּב was rimmed, was encircled. [Denominated from כַּרֽכֹּב.]

כַּרְכֶּֽבֶת f.n. NH plane for rimming. [From כַּרְכֹּב. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

כַּרְכּוֹם ᴵ see כַּרְכֹּם.

כַּרְכּוֹם ᴵᴵ see כַּרְקוֹם

כִּרְכּוּר m.n. MH 1 dancing. PBH 2 going in a circle. [Verbal n. of כִּרְכֵּר. See כרכר.]

כְּרַכִּי adj. NH of a large city, urban. [Formed from כְּרַךְ with suff. ◌ִי.]

כַּרְכֹּם m.n. (pl. כַּרְכֻּמִּים) saffron (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 4:14). [Related to Aram. כֻּרְכְּמָא, Syr. כּוּרְכְּמָא, Arab. kurkum, Akka. kurkānū (= saffron). Old I. kunku-mam (= saffron), is prob. a Sem. loan word. Gk. krokos (= saffron), whence L. crocus is of Sem. origin. See ‘crocus’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: כרכם, כַּרְכֻּמִּי, כָּרֹם.

כרכם to paint saffron.
    — Pi. - כִּרְכֵּם he painted saffron.
    — Pu. - כֻּרְכַּם was painted saffron.
    — Nith. - נִתְכַּרְכֵּם became yellow. [Denominated from כַּרְכֹּם.] Derivative: מֽכֻרְכָּם.

כַּרְכֻּמִּי adj. MH saffron yellow. [Formed from כַּרְכֹּם with suff. ◌ִי.]

כרכר to dance.
    — Pilp. - כִּרְכֵּר he danced. [Pilp. of כרר.]

כִּרְכָּר m.n. PBH 1 spindle. NH 2 peg top. [From כרר.]

כֻּרְכָּר m.n. NH limestone found on the seashore. [Of uncertain origin.]

כִּרְכְּרַאי m.n. NH driver. [Formed from כִּרְכָּרָה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

כִּרְכָּרָה f.n. 1 dromedary (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 66:20 in the pl.). NH 2 cab, carriage. [From כרר (= to jump). cp. כַּר ᴵᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כַּרְכֶּֽשֶׁת, כַּרְכַּשְׁתָּא f.n. MH resp. PBH large intestine. [Aram. כַּרְכְּשָׁא, כַּרְכַּשְׁתָּא. Of unknown origin.]

כְּרֹֽכֶת f.n. NH bunch, bundle. [From כרך. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

כרם ᴵ base of כֶּרֶם.

כרם ᴵᴵ to heap up, pile up.
    — Qal - כָּרַם he heaped up, piled up.
    — Niph. - נִכְרַם was heaped up, was piled up. [Prob. related to כְּרִי (= heap).]

כֶּֽרֶם m.n. vineyard. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כַּרְמָא, Ugar. krm (= vineyard), Arab. karm, Ethiop. karm (= vine).] Derivatives: כּוֹרֵם, כָּרֶמֶת, prob. also כַּרְמֶל ᴵ.

כָּרֹם adj. NH saffron yellow. [From כַּרְכֹּם.]

כַּרְמִיל m.n. crimson. [A loan word from Pers. kirmīz, from kirm (= worm), which is related to Old I. kīrmih (= worm). See ‘crimson’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘kermes’ ibid. cp. כַּרֽמִין.]

כַּרְמִין m.n. FW carmine. [Fren. carmine, from Med. L. carminium, a blend of Arab. qirmiz (= worm) and L. minium (= cinnabar, red lead, vermillion), which is of Iberian origin.]

כַּרְמֶל ᴵ m.n. garden land. [Prob. formed from כֶּרֶם through the addition of a ל.]

כַּרְמֶל ᴵᴵ m.n. newly ripened parched corn. [Of uncertain origin; possibly enlargement of base כמל, Arab. kamala, kamula, kamila (= was or became whole, perfect or complete).]

כַּרְמְלִית f.n. PBH a place which is neither public nor private. [Of uncertain origin.]

כָּרֶֽמֶת f.n. PBH vines trained over the wall. [From כֶּרֶם. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

כָּרֵס f.n. PBH (pl. כְּרֵסוֹת) belly. [See כָּרֵשׁ.] Derivatives: כּֽרֵסִי, כַּרְסָן, כַּרְסְתָן, מְכֹרָס.

כֻּרְסָה f.n. NH armchair. [After BAram. כָּרְסֵא, Aram.-Syr. כּוּרֽסְיָא (= chair). See כִּסֵּא.]

כִּרְסוּם m.n. NH 1 gnawing. 2 milling. [Verbal n. of כִּרְסֵם. See כרסם and cp. קִרְסוּם.]

כְּרֵסִי adj. NH belly-like, abdominal. [Formed from כָרֵס with suff. ◌ִי.]

כרסם to chew, gnaw, devour.
    — Pi. - כִּרְסֵם 1 he chewed, gnawed; NH 2 he milled, devoured.
    — Pu. - כֻּרְסַם MH 1 was chewed, was gnawed, was devoured; NH 2 was milled. [Formed, through dissimilation of ss to rs, from כסם (= to shear, chip). cp. קרסם (= cut away). For the change of כ to ק see introductory entry to letter כ.] Derivatives: כִּרְסוּם, כַּרְסֹם, כַּרְסְמָן, כַּרְסֶמֶת, מֽכַרְסֶמֶת.

כַּרְסֹם m.n. NH cutter, milling instrument. [From כרסם.]

כַּרְסְמָן m.n. NH rodent. [Formed from כרסם with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כַּרְסֶֽמֶת f.n. NH diabrosis (an equine disease). [From כרסם. Properly a loan translation of the scientific name diabrosis, from Gk. diabrosis (= eating through ulceration), from the stem of diabibroskein (= to eat through).]

כַּרְסָן m.n. NH a big-bellied person. [Formed from כָּרֵס with suff. ◌ָן.] cp. כַּרְסְתָן.]

כַּרְסְתָן m.n. PBH a big-bellied person. [Formed from כָּרֵס with suff. ◌תָן. cp. כַּרְסָן.]

כֶּֽרַע f.n. (dual כְּרָעַיִם) 1 leg, knee (in the Bible used only in the dual). 2 leg of a bed, table, etc. [Related to Aram. כַּרְעָא, Syr. כְּרָעָא, Arab. kurā‘, Ethiop. kernā‘, Akka. kurītu (= leg). cp. כרע.]

כרע to bow down, kneel down.
    — Qal - כָּרַע he bowed down; knelt down.
    — Hiph. - הִכְרִיעַ 1 he caused to bow down, cast down, overpowered, subdued; 2 he turned the scale, outweighed; PBH 3 he determined, decided.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְרַע MH 1 was determined, was decided; NH 2 was cast down, was overpowered, was subdued. [Prob. denominated from כְּרָעַיִם. cp. Aram. כְּרַע (= he bowed down, knelt down), Ugar. kr (= to kneel down, bow down), Arab. kara‘a (= he knelt down). cp. also Arab. kara‘a (= he put his mouth into water and drank), which meant perhaps orig. ‘he knelt down to drink’.] Derivatives: כְּרִיעָה, הֶכְרֵעַ, הַכְרָעָה, מַכֽרִיעַ, מֻכְרָע.

כַּרְפַּס ᴵ m.n. fine cotton or linen (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Est. 1:6). [A loan word from Pers. karpas (= fine linen), which is related to Old I. karpā́sa (= cotton), and to Gk. karpasos (= fine flax). The relationship of these two latter words to each other is uncertain.]

כַּרְפַּס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH parsley. [Together with Aram. כַּרְפְּסָא, Syr. כְּרֶפֽסָא prob. borrowed from Pers. karats. Arab. karats is borrowed from Pers. karats, either directly or through the medium of the Aram.]

כֶּֽרֶץ m.n. NH ascarid [From Aram. כַּרְצָא (= intestinal worm), which is of unknown origin.] Derivative: כָּרֶצֶת.

כָּרֶֽצֶת f.n. NH ascariasis (disease). [Coined from כֶּרֶץ according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See e.g. אַרֶּמֶת.]

כַּרְקוֹם m.n. PBH besieging troop. [From Gk. charakoma (= a place paled round, a fortified camp), from charakoin (= to pale), which is related to charassein (= to engrave). See כָּרַקְטֶרִיסְטִיקָה.]

כָּרַקְטֶרִיסְטִיקָה f.n. FW characteristic. [From Gk. charakteristikos (= characteristic, adj.), from charakterizein (= to characterize), from charakter (= graving tool, mark engraved, impress, character), from the stem of charassein (= to engrave), which is prob. of Sem. origin. cp. Heb. חָרַשׁ (= he engraved, plowed), חָרַת (= he engraved); see חרשׁ ᴵ and חרת.]

כרר to move to and fro, to turn about, to jump, to roll.
    — Pilp. - כִּרְכֵּר he danced (lit. ‘whirled’). [Ugar. krkr (= to intertwine the fingers), Arab. karra (= he returned, repeated, attached anew), karkara (= he repeated, did repeatedly), kura (= globe, sphere, ball), Ethiop. karkara (= he rolled), makarkar (= turning a mill), Akka. karru (= handle). The orig. meaning of כרר prob. was ‘to be round’. It is the base of כִּכָּר ᴵ, כִּכָּר ᴵᴵ and כִּכָּר ᴵᴵᴵ. cp. the related bases כור, כרה ᴵ, כרך. cp. also כַּר ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: כִּרְכּוּר, כִּרְכָּר, perhaps also כִּרְכָּרָה.

כָּרָר m.n. PBH maker of bolsters. [From כַּר ᴵ.]

כָּרֵשׁ f.n. (pl. כְּרֵשׁוֹת) belly (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 51:34). In PBH spelled כָּרֵס (q.v.). [Related to Aram.-Syr. כַּרְסָא (= belly), Arab. karish, kirsh, Ethiop. karsh (= stomach, belly), Akka. karshu, karashu (= belly).]

כְּרֵשָׁה, כְּרֵישָׁה f.n. PBH (pl. כְּרֵשִׁים) leak. [Related to Aram. כָּרָתֵי, Syr. כָּרָתֵי, Arab. karrāth, kurrāth (= leak). cp. כַּרְתִּי.]

כַּרְשִׁינָה f.n. PBH (pl. כַּרְשִׁינִים) vetch. [From Pers. kishnak, kisnak, karsnah, kurshanah, kirshanah, whence also Syr. כּוּשְׁנֵא, prob. through the medium of Heb. כַּרְשִׁינָה, Arab. karsanna and kushna(y) (= vetch). According to some scholars the Persian word is related to Old I. ḳrsna (= black), and properly denotes a black plant. cp. the Fren. name vesce noire.]

כרת to cut off, cut down.
    — Qal - כָּרַת 1 he cut off, cut down, hewed; 2 he destroyed.
    — Pu. - כֹּרַת was cut off, was cut down, was hewed.
    — Hiph. - הִכְרִית 1 he cut off, cut down, hewed; 2 he destroyed.
    — Hoph. - הָכְרַת was cut off, was cut down, was hewed, was destroyed. [Moabite כרת, Akka. kurrutu (= to cut off).] Derivatives: כָּרוּת, כְּרִיתָה, כְּרִיתוּת, כָּרֵת, כֹּרֶת, הַכְרָתָּה, הִכָּרְתוּת, מַכְרֵת, מֻכְרָת.

כָּרֵת m.n. PBH (pl. כָּרֵתוֹת) extermination; divine punishment by premature death. [Short for הִכָּרֵת, Niph. inf. of כרת.]

כְֹּרֶת m.n. PBH trunk of a tree. [From חרת.]

כַּרְתִּי m.n. PBH 1 leak. MH 2 leak color. [A secondary form of כְּרֵשָׁה.]

כְּרֵתִי m.n. Cherethite. [See הַכְּרֵתִי וְהַפְּלֵתִי (= the Cherethites and the Pelethites — the bodyguards of David), a name for the Philistines or part of them. According to some scholars כְּרֵתִי lit. means ‘Cretan’. Crete was the orig. home of the Philistines.]

כֶּֽשֶׂב m.n. lamb. [Metathesized from כֶּבֶשׂ.]

כִּשְׂבָּה f.n. ewe-lamb (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 5:6). [Metathesized from כִּבֽשָׂה.]

כַּשְׂדִּי adj. 1 Chaldean. 2 astrologer. [From כַּשְׂדִּים (= Chaldeans), which is related to Akka. mat Chaldu, dissimilated from mat Kashdu (= land of the Chaldeans). According to some authorities the orig. meaning of the name is ‘descendant of Kesed’, the nephew of Abraham (see Gen. 22:22). According to others Akka. Kashdu and Heb. כַּשָׂדִּים lit. mean ‘conquerors’, and are connected with Akka. kashādu (= to conquer).]

כשׂה to be sated, be fat.
    — Qal - כָּשָׂה he was sated, grew fat (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:15 in the form כָּשִׂיתָ). [Arab. kashi’a (= was filled with food), Akka. kashu (= to increase largely).] Derivative: כָּשֶׂה.

כָּשֶׂה adj. NH fat. [From כשׂה.]

כִּשּׁוּף m.n. PBH magic, sorcery, witchcraft. [Verbal n. of כִּשֵּׁף. See כשׁף.]

כָּשׁוּף adj. NH bewitched, enchanted. [Pass. part. of כָּשַׁף. See כשׁף.]

כַּשּׁוּרָה adv. according to rule, properly, duly. [Formed from כְּ◌ (= according to) and שׁוּרָה (= line, row).]

כִּשּׁוּרִים m.n. pl. NH qualification. [From כשׁר.]

כְּשׁוּת f.n. PBH Cuscuta (botany). [Related to Aram. כְּשׁוּתָא (of s.m.), Arab. kashūt (= name of a plant).]

כּשׁט a collateral form of קשׁט and base of תַּכְשִׁיט (q.v.). See also the introductory article to the letter כ.

כַּשִּׁיל m.n. a heavy ax (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 74:6). [Related to Aram. כַּשִּׁילָא, of s.m. Of uncertain origin; perhaps a derivative of כשׁל (= to stumble), and lit. meaning ‘that which falls’).]

כָּשִׁיר adj. NH qualified. [From כשׁר. cp. כָּשֵׁר.] Derivative: כְּשִׁירוּת.

כְּשִׁירוּת f.n. NH qualification. [Formed from כָּשִׁיר with suff. ◌וּת. cp. כַּשְׁרוּת.]

כִּשְׁכּוּשׁ m.n. PBH wagging (the tail). The word occurs in the Talmud in an Aramaic text. [Verbal n. of כִּשְׁכֵּשׁ. See כשׁכשׁ and cp. קִשְׁקוּשׁ ᴵ, קִשֽׁקוּשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

כשׁכשׁ to move, wag (the tail).
    — Pilp. - כִּשְׁכֵּשׁ it wagged (the tail). cp. שׁכשׁך ᴵ, which is also imitative. [Of imitative origin. cp. Arab. kashkasha (= it rustled). cp. also קשׁקשׁ.] Derivative: כִּשְׁכּוּשׁ.

כשׁל to stumble, stagger, totter.
    — Qal - כָּשַׁל he stumbled, staggered, tottered.
    — Niph. - נִכְשַׁל 1 he stumbled; PBH 2 was tottering, was feeble; NH 3 he failed.
    — Hiph. - הִכְשִׁיל 1 he caused to stumble, caused to fall, overthrew; 2 he misled.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְשַׁל was made to stumble, was overthrown (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 18:23 in the part.). [Aram. אַכְשֵׁל (= he caused to stumble), Syr. אכשֵׁל (= he gave offense, scandalized; lit. ‘he gave occasion for stumbling’), prob. also Arab. kasila (= was heavy, was sluggish), kasal (= sluggishness), kaslān (= sluggish).] Derivatives: כּוֹשֵׁל, כָּשֵׁל, כֶּשֶׁל, כּשֶׁל, כִּשָּׁלוֹן, הַכְשָׁלָה, הִכָּשְׁלוּת, מִכְשׁוֹל, מֻכְשָׁל. מַכְשֵׁלָה. cp. כַּשִּׁיל.

כָּשֵׁל adj. MH stumbling. [From כשׁל.]

כֶּֽשֶׁל m.n. MH stumbling, failure. [From כּשׁל.]

כּֽשֶׁל m.n. MH stumbling, failure. [From כּשׁל.]

כִּשָּׁלוֹן m.n. (pl. כִּשְׁלוֹנוֹת) 1 stumbling, downfall. PBH 2 weakness. [Formed from כשׁל, with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

כְּשֵׁם conj. PBH just as [Formed from כְּ◌ (= according to) and שֵׁם (= name).]

כשׁף to practice sorcery.
    — Pi. - כִּשֵּׁף 1 he practiced sorcery; NH 2 he enchanted, bewitched.
    — Pu. - כֻּשַּׁף was enchanted, was bewitched.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּשֵּׁף was enchanted, was bewitched. [Akka. kushshupu (= to practice sorcery), kashshapu (= sorcerer).] Derivatives: כָּשׁוּף, כִּשּׁוּף, כַּשָּׁף, כֶּשֶׁף, כַּשְּׁפָן, מְכַשֵּׁף, מִכֻשָּׁף, מְכַשֵּׁפָה, מְכַשְּׁפָן.

כַּשָּׁף m.n. magician, sorcerer, wizard (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 27:9 in the form כַּשָּׁפֵיכֶם). [Nomen opificis formed from כִּשֵּׁף. See כשׁף.] Derivative: כַּשָּׁפוּת.

כֶּֽשֶׁף m.n. magic, sorcery, witchcraft. [From כשׁף.]

כִּשָּׁפוֹן m.n. NH magic, sorcery, witchcraft. [Formed from כשׁף with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

כַּשָּׁפוּת f.n. MH magic, sorcery, witchcraft. [Formed from כַּשָּׁף with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּשְּׁפָן, כַּשְּׁפָנִית m.n. resp. f.n. PBH magician, sorcerer, wizard, resp. sorceress, witch. [Formed from כַּשָּׁף with agential suff. ◌ָן, resp. ◌ָנִית.] Derivative: כַּשְּׁפָנוּת.

כַּשְּׁפָנוּת f.n. MH magic, sorcery, witchcraft. [Formed from כַּשְּׁפָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

כשׁר to be fit, be proper, be worth, to succeed.
    — Qal - כָּשַׁר PBH 1 was fit, was proper, was suitable, was worthy; 2 he succeeded.
    — Niph. - נִכְשַׁר was made fit, was proper.
    — Pi. - כִּשֵּׁר PBH 1 he made fit, made ritually fit (made ‘kasher’); PBH 2 he prepared; NH 3 he trained.
    — Pu. - כֻּשַּׁר 1 was made fit, was made ritually fit (was made ‘kasher’); 3 was trained, was qualified.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּשֵּׁר he made himself fit; NH 2 he trained himself; PBH 3 he was skilled.
    — Hiph. - הִכְשִׁיר 1 he made to succeed; PBH 2 he made or declared ritually fit (‘kasher’); PBH 3 he prepared; PBH 4 he made susceptible of uncleanness.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְשַׁר 1 was made or declared ritually fit (‘kasher’); PBH 2 was prepared; PBH 3 was made susceptible of uncleanness. [Aram.-Syr. כְּשַׁר (= was fit, was proper, was suitable), Ugar. kṭr (= fit, suitable), Akka. kasharu (= to succeed).] Derivatives: כִּשּׁוּרִים, כָּשִׁיר, כָּשֵׁר, כּשֶׁר, כַּשְׁרוּת, הֶכְשֵׁר, הַכְשָׁרָה, הִתְכַּשִּׁרוּת, מַכְשִׁיר, מֻכְשָׁר, מְכֻשָּׁר, תַּכְשִׁיר. cp. אִיכְשַׁר.

כָּשֵׁר adj. PBH 1 fit, proper, suitable, valid. 2 ‘kasher’, ‘kosher’ — vitally fit or pure (said esp. of food). 3 right, worthy, fair, decent. [From כשׁר.]

כּֽשֶׁר m.n. PBH 1 fitness. PBH 2 ritual fitness (‘kashruth’). 2 NH ability, capability. MH 3 honesty, decency. NH 4 opportunity, appropriate time. [From כשׁר.]

כִּשְׁרוֹן m.n. (pl. כִּשְׁרוֹנוֹת) 1 skill. 2 success, profit. NH 3 talent, aptitude. [Formed from כשׁר with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivative: כִּשְׁרוֹנִי.

כִּשְׁרוֹנִי adj. NH talented. [Formed from כִּשְׁרוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: כִּשְׁרוֹנִיּוּת.

כִּשְׁרוֹנִיּוּת f.n. talent. [Formed from כִּשְׁרוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּשְׁרוּת f.n. PBH 1 fitness, worthiness. 2 ritual fitness (esp. of food), ‘kashruth’. 3 honesty, decency. [Formed from כשׁר with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּת f.n. (pl. כִּתִּים, also כִּתּוֹת) 1 party, faction, sect, class. 2 group. 3 herd. [Perhaps contraction of כְּנַת and related to כְּנָת (cp. אַתּ, ‘thou’, contraction of אַנְתְּ). According to some scholars כַּת is a derivative of כתת (= to beat). For sense development cp. Fren. section (whence Eng. section), from L. sectiōnem, accusative of sectiō (= cutting, cutting off), from sectus, p. part. of secāre (= to cut).] Derivative: כִּתָּה.

כתב to write.
    — Qal - כָּתַב he wrote, wrote down, inscribed.
    — Niph. - נִכְתַּב 1 was written, was written down; PBH 2 was recorded.
    — Pi. - כִּתֵּב he wrote busily.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּתֵּב he corresponded with.
    — Hiph. - הִכְתִּיב he caused to be written, dictated.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְתַּב PBH 1 was recorded; NH 2 was dictated.
    — Shiph. see . - שׁכתב . [Phoen. כתב (= to write), Aram. (also BAram.) כְּתַב (= he wrote), Aram. כְּתַב, Syr. כְּתָבָא (= writing, something written, book). The orig. meaning of this base was ‘to stick, engrave’. This meaning appears in Arab. kataba (= he sewed together), Heb. כְּתֹבֶת (= tattooing), Syr. מַכְתְּבָא, SArab. maktab (= awl). Arab. kataba in the sense ‘he wrote’, is an Aram. loan word. For sense development cp. Gk. graphein (= to scratch, engrave, draw, paint, write, inscribe), and see ‘-graph’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: כּוֹתֵב, כַּתָּב, כְּתָב, כַּתָּבָה, כְּתֻבָּה, כְּתֹבֶת ᴵ, כְּתֹבֶת ᴵᴵ, כָּתוּב, כְּתִיב, כְּתִיבָה, כְּתִיבוֹן, הַכְתָּבָה, כַּתְבָן, הִתְכַּתְּבוּת, מִכְתָּב, מַכְתֵּב, מֻכְתָּב, תִּכְתֹּבֶת, תַּכְתִּיב.

כַּתָּב m.n. NH correspondent (of a newspaper), reporter. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from כִּתֵּב, Pi. of כתב. cp. כַּתָּבָה.] Derivatives: כַּתָּבוּת, כַּתֶּבֶת.

כְּתָב m.n. 1 writing. 2 document, letter. [An Aramaism. Arab. kitāb, Ethiop. kĕtab (= book) are prob. Aramaic loan words.] Derivative: כְּתָבִי.

כַּתָּבָה f.n. NH correspondence; report, reportage; article, story. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from כִּתֵּב. See כְּתָב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּתֻבָּה f.n. PBH marriage contract, ‘ketubah’. Lit. ‘writing, writ’. [From כתב.]

כַּתָּבוּת NH 1 reportage. MH 2 humorous writings. [See כַּתָּב and suff. ◌וּת.]

כְּתָבִי adj. MH written, graphic. [Formed from כְּתָב with suff. ◌ִי.]

כַּתְבָן m.n. PBH 1 writer, scribe. NH 2 typist. [Formed from כתב with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: כַּתְבָנוּת, כַּתְבָנִית.

כַּתְבָנוּת f.n. NH 1 typing. 2 scribbling. [Formed from כַּתְבָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

כַּתְבָנִית f.n. NH woman typist. [f. of כַּתְבָן.]

כַּתֶּֽבֶת f.n. NH woman correspondent, woman reporter. [f. of כַּתָּב.]

כְּתֹֽבֶת ᴵ f.n. tattooing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 19:28 in the phrase כְּתֹבֶת־קַעֲקַע meaning ‘tattooing’). [Formed from כתב with suff. ◌ֶת.]

כְּתֹֽבֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. NH 1 inscription. 2 address. [Formed from כתב with suff. ◌ֶת.]

כִּתָּה f.n. NH 1 class, schoolroom. 2 sect, section. [Formed from כַּת with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: כִּתָּתִי.

כָּתוּב 1 written. PBH 2 Biblical verse, Biblical text. [Pass. part. of כָּתַב. See כתב.]

כִּתּוּף m.n. MH carrying on the shoulders, shouldering. [Verbal n. of כִּתֵּף. See כתף.]

כָּתוּר adj. MH surrounded, encircled. [Pass. part. of כָּתַר. See כתר.]

כִּתּוּר m.n. NH surrounding, encirclement. [Verbal n. of כִּתֵּר, Pi. of כתר.]

כָּתוּשׁ adj. PBH crushed, pounded. [Pass. part. of כָּתַשׁ. See כתשׁ.]

כִּתּוּשׁ m.n. NH crushing, pounding. [Verbal n. of כִּתֵּשׁ, Pi. of כתשׁ.]

כָּתוּת adj. crushed, pounded. [Pass. part. of כָּתַת. See כתת.]

כִּתּוּת m.n. MH crushing, pounding. [Verbal n. of כִּתֵּת, Pi. of כתת.]

כְּתִיב m.n. PBH 1 ‘kethib’ — the scriptural text as written, opposed to קֽרֵי (q.v.). NH 2 spelling, orthography. [Aram., ‘written’, pass. part. of כְּתַב (= he wrote), which is related to Heb. כָּתַב (see כתב). In the sense ‘spelling’, ‘orthography’, כְּתִיב was first used by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922).] Derivatives: כְּתִיבוֹן, כְּתִיבִי.

כְּתִיבָה f.n. PBH writing. [Verbal n. of כָּתַב. See כתב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּתִיבוֹן m.n. NH spelling book. [Formed from כְּתִיב with suff. ◌וֹן.]

כְּתִיבִי adj. NH orthographic. [Formed from כְּתִיב with suff. ◌ִי.]

כָּתִישׁ adj. NH crushed, pounded. [From כתשׁ.]

כַּתִּישׁ m.n. NH pestle, mallet. [From כתשׁ.]

כְּתִישָׁה f.n. PBH crushing, pounding. [Verbal n. of כָּתַשׁ. See כתשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כָּתִית 1 beaten (said of oil obtained by pounding olives). NH 2 sore caused by rubbing. [From כתת.]

כְּתִיתָה f.n. MH crushing, pounding. [Verbal n. of כָּתַת. See כתת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

כֹּֽתֶל m.n. wall (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 2:9 in the form כָּתְלֵנוּ, ‘our wall’). [Prob. borrowed from Aram. (also BAram.) כֻּתְלֶא (= wall), which itself is prob. a loan word from Akka. kutallu (= back side). cp. קֹתֶל.] Derivatives: כְּתֵלָה, כָּתְלִית ᴵᴵ.

כְּתֵלָה f.n. NH Varthemia (a genus of plants). [From כֹּתֶל. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כָּתְלִית ᴵ f.n. NH cutlet. [Formed in imitation of Eng. cutlet (see ‘cutlet’ in my CEDEL).]

כָּתְלִית ᴵᴵ f.n. NH Parietaria (a genus of plants). [Formed from כֹּתֶל (= wall) on the analogy of L. parietāria (= parietary, pellitory), short for herba parietāria (= wall plant), f. of the adj. parietārius (= of the wall); so called because it grows on old walls.]

כתם to stain.
    — Niph. - נִכְתַּם was stained, was soiled, was defiled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:22).
    — Hiph. - הִכְתִּים he stained, soiled, defiled.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְתַּם was stained, was soiled, was defiled. [MH כֶּתֶם (= blood stain), Aram.-Syr. כְּתַם (= he stained, defiled), Aram. כְּתִים (= blood-stained), כִּתְמָא (= blood stain). cp. Akka. katāmu (= to cover).] Derivatives: כֶּתֶם ᴵ, הַכְתָּמָה, מֻכְתָּם.

כֶּֽתֶם ᴵ m.n. PBH stain, spot. [From כתם.]

כֶּֽתֶם ᴵᴵ m.n. gold (poetic). [Of uncertain etymology. Perhaps borrowed from Akka. cp. Akka. kutimmu (= goldsmith), which derives from Sumerian kudim, of s.m.] Derivatives: כָּתֹם, כֹּתֶם, כַּתֶּמֶת.

כָּתֹם adj. NH gold-colored, yellow. [Derived from כֶּתֶם ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: כְּתֵמָה, כְּתַמְתַּם.

כֹּֽתֶם m.n. NH the yellow color. [From כֶּתֶם ᴵᴵ.]

כְּתֵמָה f.n. NH Thrincia tuberosa (botany). [From כָּתֹם; so called from the yellow color of its flowers.]

כַּתֶּֽמֶת f.n. NH xanthosis (disease). [Coined from כָּתֹם (= yellow), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases; see e.g. אַדֶּמֶת.]

כְּתַמְתַּם adj. NH yellowish. [Coined from כָּתֹם (= yellow), through the reduplication of the second and third radical of the stem on the analogy of יְרַקְרַק (= greenish) from יָרֹק (= green), אֲדַמְדַם (= reddish) from אָדֹם (= red).]

כֹּֽתֶן see כֻּתְנָה.

כַּתָּן m.n. PBH flax worker. [From Aram. כִּתָּן (= flax, linen), which is related to Heb. כֻּתֹּנֶת (q.v.).]

כֻּתְנָה f.n. NH cotton. [From Arab. quṭn, quṭun; influenced in spelling by Aram. כִּתָּן (= flax, linen), and Heb. כֻּתֹּנֶת (q.v.), Phoen. כתן (= coat). cp. קִיטֽל.]

כֻּתֹּֽנֶת tunic coat, shirt. [Related to Aram. כִּתּוּנָא, Ugar. ktn, Akka. kitinnu (= flax, linen), Akka. kitintu (= linen garment). Arab. kattan (= flax, linen) is an Aram. loan word. Gk. chiton and L. tunica (= tunic), are Sem. loan words. See ‘chiton’ and ‘tunic’ in my CEDEL.]

כָּתֵף f.n. (pl. כְּתֵפוֹת) 1 shoulder, shoulder blade. 2 slope, side. 3 support. PBH 4 arm of a vine. [Related to Aram.-Syr. כַּתְפָא, Ugar. ktp, Arab. katif (= shoulder).] Derivatives: כתף, כַּתָּף, כִּתְפָּה, כְּתֵפָה, כְּתֵפִי, כְּתֵפִיָּה, כְּתֵפָנִי, מַכְתּוֹף.

כתף to carry on the shoulders.
    — Pi. - כִּתֵּף he carried on the shoulders, shouldered.
    — Pu. - כֻּתַּף was carried on the shoulder, was shouldered.
    — Hiph. - הִכְתִּיף he put on the shoulders.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְתַּף was put on the shoulder, was leaned against the shoulder. [Denominated from כָּתֵף.] Derivatives: כִּתּוּף, כַּתָּף, מֻכְתָּף, מְכַתֵּף, מֽכֻתָּף.

כַּתָּף m.n. PBH carrier, porter. [Nomen opificis formed from כִּתֵּף (= he carried on the shoulders). See כתף.]

כִּתְפָּה f.n. NH epaulette. [From כָּתֵף. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּתֵפָה f.n. shoulder-piece, suspender, brace. [From כָּתֵף. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

כְּתֵפִי adj. MH pertaining to the shoulder, shoulder. [Formed from כָּתֵף with suff. ◌ִי.]

כְּתֵפִיָּה f.n. NH cape. [Formed from כָּתֵף with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

כְּתֵפָנִי adj. NH broad-shouldered. [Formed from כָּתֵף with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

כתר to surround.
    — Pi. - כִּתֵּר 1 he surrounded; 2 he waited; MH 3 he crowned.
    — Niph. - נִכְתַּר was crowned.
    — Pu. - כֻּתַּר MH 1 was surrounded; MH 2 was crowned.
    — Hiph. - הִכְתִּיר 1 he surrounded; 2 he crowned.
    — Hoph. - הֻכְתֵּר was crowned. [Aram.-Syr. כַּתַּר (= he waited; the orig. meaning prob. was ‘he surrounded with expectation’). For sense development cp. הִקִּיף (= he encircled; in PBH also ‘he lent’, lit. ‘he waited for the money’), Arab. kitr, katr (= the higher hump of a camel, cupola, dignity).] Derivatives: כּוֹתֶרֶת, כָּתוּד, כִּתּוּר, כֶּתֶר, הַכְתָּרָה, מֽכֻתָּר, מֻכְתָּר.

כֶּֽתֶר m.n. 1 crown. PBH 2 flourish on letters. [From כתר. cp. Aram. כִּתְרָא (= crown).] Derivative: כִּתֽרוֹן.

כִּתְרוֹן m.n. NH (pl. כִּתְרוֹנִים) Coronilla (a genus of plants). [Formed from כֶּתֶר (= crown), with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן on the analogy of the scientific name Coronilla. Modern L. dimin. formed from L. corōna (= crown); so called in allusion to its shape.]

כֹּֽתֶרֶת see כּוֹתֶרֶת.

כתשׁ to crush, pound.
    — Qal - כָּתַשׁ he crushed, pounded (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 27:22 in the form תִּכְכְתּוֹשׁ)
    — Niph. - נִכְתַּשׁ was crushed, was pounded.
    — Pi. - כִּתֵּשׁ he crushed, pounded.
    — Pu. - כֻּתַּשׁ was crushed, was pounded.
    — Hith. - הִתְכַּתֵּשׁ he wrestled, fought. [Aram. כְּתַשׁ (= he crushed, pounded), Syr. כְּתַשׁ (= he beat, tossed; he strove, contended). Related to base כתת.] Derivatives: כּוֹתֵשׁ, כָּתוּשׁ, כִּתּוּשׁ, כָּתִישׁ, כַּתִּישׁ, כְּתִישָׁה, כֹּתֶשׁ, כַּתְּשָׁן, כְּתשֶׁת, מַכְתֵּשׁ, מַכְתֶּשֶׁת.

כֹּֽתֶשׁ m.n. PBH mortar. [From כתשׁ.]

כַּתְּשָׁן m.n. NH pounder. [Formed from כִּתֵּשׁ (= he crushed, pounded), Pi. of כתשׁ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

כְּתֽשֶׁת f.n. NH pulp. [Formed from כתשׁ with suff. ◌ֶת.]

כתת to crush, pound.
    — Qal - כָּתַת he beat, crushed, pounded.
    — Niph. - נִכְתַּת was beaten, was crushed, was pounded.
    — Pi. - כִּתֵּת he beat, crushed, pounded.
    — Pu. - כֻּתַּת was beaten, was crushed, was pounded.
    — Hiph. - הִכֵּת he smote, crushed, pounded.
    — Hoph. - הֻכַּת was smitten, was crushed, was pounded. [Aram. כְּתַת (= he crushed, pounded). Related to base כתשׁ.] Derivatives: כָּתוּת, כִּתּוּת, כָּתִית, כּֽתִיתָה, מְכִתָּה, מַכְתֵּת.

כִּתָּתִי adj. NH 1 of a (school) class. 2 factional, sectarian. [Formed from כִּתָּה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: כִּתָּתִיּוּת.

כִּתָּתִיּוּת f.n. NH factionalism, sectarianism. [Formed from כִּתָּתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]