נThe fourteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The name of the letter, ‘Nun’, means ‘fish’; so called in allusion to its ancient Heb. form. It has a final form ן. In PBH נ has the numerical value of fifty and ן has the numerical value of seven hundred. נ alternates with ל and מ (see introductory entries to these letters). It also alternates with ר (cp. כָּנַע and כָּרַע; גָּהַר with Syr. גְּהֵן (= he bent, bowed, stooped); זָרַח with Aram. רְּנַח (= it rose, shone); טָמַן with Aram.-Syr. טֽמַר (= he hid under the earth); שֽׁנַיִם with Aram. תְּרֵין (= two); בֵּן with Aram. בַּר (= son). נ also alternates with י as the first radical letter (cp. the bases יצב and נצב (= to put, place); נקשׁ and יקשׁ (= to lay snares). The letter נ is frequently assimilated, as e.g. יִנְגַשׁ becomes יִגַּשׁ; יִנְתֵּן becomes יִתֵּן.

◌ָן ᴵ suff. forming abstract nouns, as in בִּנֽיָן (= construction, building), מִנְיָן (= number), עִנְיָן (= occupation, affair, business). [This suff. occurs in all Sem. languages. It forms before all verbal nouns, but also agential nouns, diminutives and adjectives; see ◌ָן ᴵᴵ. In Heb. it mostly appears in the form ◌וֹן (q.v.). The few Heb. words ending in ◌ָן belong to a later period or are borrowed from Aramaic.]

◌ָן ᴵᴵ PBH suff. forming agential nouns and adjectives, as in קַפְּדָן (= an irascible person), לֵמְדָּן (= a learned man), mostly from Aram. [The form פַּעְלָן differs from the form פַּעָל inasmuch as פַּעְלָן denotes someone who performs an action incidentally, whereas the form פַּעָל denotes someone’s permanent occupation or profession. cp. e.g. בַּלָּע and בַּלְעָן, דַּגָּל and דַּגְלָן, הַלָּךְ and הַלְּכָן, חַבָּל and חַבְּלָן, קַסָּם and קַסְמָן, שַׁתָּל and שַׁתְלָן, שַׁקָּר and שַׁקְּרָן. cp. also ◌ָן ᴵ, ◌ָנוּת, ◌ָנִי, ◌תָּן, ◌תָן, and the second element in ◌ִיסְטָן.]

◌ָן ᴵᴵᴵ NH suff. forming names of chemical elements, as in חַמְצָן (= oxygen), מֵימָן (= hydrogen), חַנְקָן (= nitrogen), פַּחְמָן (= carbon). [Coined on the basis of ◌ָן ᴵᴵ, suff. forming agential nouns: the word חַמְצָן (= oxygen) lit. means ‘he who makes sour, acidifier’, etc.]

נָא ᴵ interj. please, I pray, I pray you. [Related to Syr. נֵא, נִי (= I pray, I pray you), Ethiop. na‘ā, Amharic nā (= welcome’).]

נָא ᴵᴵ adj. raw, half done (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 12:9). [Related to Arab. nā’a (= was raw).]

נֹאד m.n. (pl. נֹאדוֹת) 1 skin bottle, skin. NH 2 ascus (botany). [Related to Aram. נוֹדָא, Akka. nadu (= skin bottle). cp. נוֹד ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: נֹאדִיד, נֹאדִית.

נֹאדִיד m.n. NH Utricularia (a genus of plants). [Dimin. of נֹאד, whence lit. meaning ‘a small skin bottle’. Properly translation of the scientific name Utricularia, from utriculus (= a small skin), dimin. of uter (= skin).]

נֹאדִית f.n. NH a small skin bottle. [Formed from נֹאד with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

נֶאְדָּר adj. glorious, majestic. [Part. of נֶאְדַּר (= was glorious, was majestic), Niph. of אדר. cp. נֶאְדָּרִי.]

נֶאְדָּרִי adj. poetic form for נֶאְדָּר.

נאה to be comely, be befitting.
    — Qal - נָאָה was comely, was becoming, was befitting, was beautiful.
    — Pi. - נֵאָה he adorned, decorated, beautified.
    — Hith. - הִתְנָאָה 1 he adorned himself; 2 he took pleasure in.
    — Hiph. - הִנְאָה he adorned, decorated, beautified. [Prob. related to Aram.-Syr. יָאֵי (= comely, becoming, fair). cp. נוֹי (= beauty). cp. also נוה ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: נָאֶה, נָאוֶה, הִתְנָאוּת. cp. נוה ᴵᴵ and נוֹי.

נָאָה f.n. 1 dwelling, habitation. 2 pasture, meadow (in the Bible occurring only in the c. st. of the pl.). [See נָוֶה ᴵ.]

נָאֶה adj. PBH beautiful, comely, becoming, befitting. [From נאה.]

נֶאֱהָב adj. loved, beloved; lovable. [Part. of נֶאֱהַב (= was loved), Niph. of אהב.]

נֵאוֹ◌ combining form — see נֵיאוֹ.

נָאוָה, נַאֲוָה adj. was comely, was becoming, was befitting. [Prob. from נאה; according to several scholars, Niph. of אוה.]

נָאוֶה adj. 1 becoming, befitting. 2 comely, beautiful. [From נאה.]

נָאוּם, נְאֻם m.n. 1 utterance. 2 revelation, declaration. NH 3 speech. NH 4 signed by (in documents). [From נאם. According to Barth, נְאֻם is a noun of the form quṭūl; according to most scholars it is the c. st. of the pass. part. of נָאוּם.]

נִאוּף m.n. adultery, prostitution (in the Bible it occurs only in the pl.). [From נאף.]

נִאוּץ m.n. PBH blasphemy. [Verbal n. of נִאֵץ (= he blasphemed), Pi. of נאץ.]

נָאוֹר adj. 1 splendid, glorious. 2 enlightened. [Part. of נָאוֹר, Niph. of אור (= to become light).]

נָאוֹת adj. MH suitable, fit, proper. [Part. of נֵאוֹת (= he consented, agreed), Niph. of אות ᴵ.]

נֶאְזָר adj. girded (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 65:7). [Niph. part. of אזר (= to gird).]

נָאִיבִי adj. FW naïve. [Fren. naïf, from L. nātīrres (= born, innate, natural, not artificial), from nātus, p. part. nāscī (= to be born). See נַצֽיוֹנָלִי.]

נָאִיבִיּוּת f.n. FW naïveté. [Formed from נָאִיבִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

נְאִימָה f.n. MH speech-making; rhetoric. [Verbal n. of נָאַם. See נאם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נֶאֱלָח adj. infected, contaminated, polluted, dirty. [Part. of נֶאֱלַח (= was infected), Niph. of אלח.]

נֶאֱלָם adj. NH silenced, dumbfounded. [Part. of נֶאֱלַם (= he became dumb, became silent), Niph. of אלם ᴵᴵ.]

נֶאֱלָץ adj. NH forced, compelled. [Part. of נֶאֱלַץ (= was forced, was compelled), Niph. of אלץ.]

נאם to make a speech, to utter, to speak, to give an address; to utter a prophecy, to speak as a prophet.
    — Qal - נָאַם 1 he uttered a prophecy, he spoke as a prophet; NH 2 he made a speech, he addressed.
    — Niph. - נִנְאַם was delivered (speech), was addressed. [Arab. na’ama (= he whispered, groaned, sighed. Prob. related to נום ᴵᴵ (= to speak).] Derivatives: נְאוּם, נְאִימָה, נוֹאֵם, נָאֶמֶת.

נֶאֱמָן adj. & n. 1 steadfast, firm, sure. 2 faithful, trustworthy, reliable. NH 3 trustee. [Part. of נֶאֱמַן (= he was found trustworthy), Niph. of אמן.]

נֶאֱמָנוּת f.n. MH 1 confidence, trustworthiness, reliability. NH 2 trust, trusteeship. [Formed from נֶאֱמָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

נָאֶֽמֶת f.n. logorrhea. [Formed jocosely from נאם (= to make a speech) according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving in NH to form names of diseases.]

נאף to commit adultery.
    — Qal - נָאַף he committed adultery with.
    — Pi. - נִאֵף he committed adultery.
    — Hiph. - הִנְאִיף PBH he caused adultery. [Aram. נָאֵף (= he committed adultery), Arab. nahaba (= he copulated). cp. Egypt. nhp (= he copulated).] Derivatives: נִאוּף, נַאֲפוּף, מְנָאֵף.

נֶאְפָּד adj. girded. [Part. of נֶאְפַּד (= was girded), Niph. of אפד.]

נַאֲפוּף m.n. adultery, prostitution (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 2:4 in the form נַאֲפוּפֶיהָ, ‘her adulteries’). [From נאף.] Derivative: נַאֲפוּפִי.

נַאֲפוּפִי adj. NH adulterous. [Formed from נַאֲפוּף with suff. ◌ִי.]

נאץ to condemn, spurn.
    — Qal - נָאַץ 1 he condemned, spurned, despised; 2 was angry, was wrathful.
    — Pi. - נִאֵץ he condemned, spurned, blasphemed.
    — Pu. (see . - מְנֹאָץ ).
    — Hith. - הִתְנָאֵץ he was condemned, was despised. [Aram. נִיאוּצָא (= reviling), Akka. na’āṣu (= to belittle, despise).] Derivatives: נִאוּץ, נְאָצָה, נֶאָצָה, הִתְנָאֲצוּת, מְנֹאָץ, נַאַץ.

נַֽאַץ m.n. MH contempt, blasphemy. [From נאץ. cp. נְאָצָה.]

נְאָצָה, נֶאָצָה f.n. (pl. נְאָצוֹת, resp. נֶאָצוֹת) contempt, blasphemy. [Formed from נאץ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

נֶאֱצָל ᴵ adj. PBH 1 influenced. NH 2 noble. [Part. of נֶאֱצַל (= was emanated; was influenced), Niph. of אצל ᴵᴵ.]

נֶאֱצָל ᴵᴵ adj. NH ennobled. [Part. of נֶאֱצַל (= was ennobled), Niph. of אצל ᴵᴵᴵ.]

נאק to groan.
    — Qal - נָאַק he groaned, cried, wailed (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 30:24 and Job 24:12). [Aram. נְאַק (= he groaned, cried, wailed), Akka. nāqu (= to wail, lament). Related to אנק, possibly also to נקק.] Derivatives: נַאַק, נְאָקָה.

נַֽאַק m.n. MH groaning (poetical). [From נאק.]

נְאָקָה f.n. groaning, crying, wailing. [Formed from נאק with first suff. ◌ָה.]

נָאקָה, נָקָה f.n. PBH female camel. [A loan word from Arab. nāqa (of s.m.).]

נאר to abhor, spurn, reject.
    — Pi. - נִאֵר he abhorred, spurned, rejected (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 89:40 and Lam. 2:7).] [cp. Akka. nāru (= to kill).]

נֵאָר adj. cursed. [Part. of נֵאַר (= was cursed), Niph. of ארר.]

נֶאְשָׁם m.n. NH accused. [Part. of נֶאְשַׁם (= he was accused), Niph. of אשׁם.]

נבא to call, proclaim.
    — Niph. - נִבָּא he prophesied.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַבֵּא 1 he prophesied; 2 he was in a state of ecstasy.
    — Pi. - נִבֵּא 1 he endowed with prophetic gift; 2 he prophesied. [Akka. nabū (= to call, announce, proclaim), Arab. naba’a (= he uttered with a low voice, announced), naba’ (= announcement, information), nab’a (= a low sound). Prob. base of נָבִיא (= prophet), נְבוּאָה (= prophecy), prob. denominated from נָבִיא. cp. Ethiop. nababa (= he spoke; the orig. meaning was ‘he growled’).] Derivatives: הִנָּבְאוּת, הִתְנַבְּאוּת, נִבּוּי. cp. נבה ᴵᴵ.

נבב to make hollow, hollow out.
    — Qal occurs only in the pass. part. - נָבוּב (q.v.).
    — Pi. - נִבֵּב he made hollow, hollowed out.
    — Pu. - נֻבַּב was made hollow, was hollowed out. [Base of בִּיב (= pipe, gutter, sewer). Akka. ’imbūbu (= flute, pipe), whence Aram.-Syr. אַבּוּבָא (of s.m.), is of the same base. cp. also Akka. bābu (= door, gate) — whence Aram. בָּבָא (of s.m.) — which is shortened from nebābā (lit.: ‘hole, aperture’), from base נבב. cp. אַבּוּב, בָּבָא.]

נֶֽבֶג m.n. NH germ, spore. [From Aram. נִבְגָּא, Syr. נֶבְגָּא (= shoot, twig), from Aram.-Syr. נְבַג (= it broke forth, came to the surface), which is related to נֽבַע (= it sprang up, flowed — said of water; ‘it burst forth, came to light’). See נבע.] Derivatives: נִבְגִּי, מִנְבָּג.

נִבְגִּי adj. NH germinal, sporal. [Formed from נֶבֶג with suff. ◌ִי.]

נִבְדָּל adj. separated, isolated; separate. [Part. of נִבְדַּל (= he separated himself, became separated), Niph. of בדל.] Derivative: נִבְדָּלוּת.

נִבְדָּלוּת f.n. NH isolation. [Formed from נִבְדָּל with suff. ◌וּת.]

נבה ᴵ to blow.
    — Pi. - נִבָּה he blew, set ablaze. [A secondary form of לבה.]

נבה ᴵᴵ to prophesy. [A var. of נבא occurring in a few places in the Bible.]

נִבְהָל adj. dismayed, frightened, terrified, alarmed. [Part. of נִבְהַל (= was dismayed), Niph. of בהל.]

נְבוּאָה f.n. prophecy. [A relatively late word derived through back formation from נָבִיא. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: נְבוּאִי.

נְבוּאִי adj. MH prophetic. [Formed from נְבוּאָה with suff. ◌ִיִ.]

נָבוּב adj. 1 hollow, empty. 2 empty-headed, foolish. [Pass. part. Qal of נבב. cp. רְבוּבָה ᴵ, רְבוּבָה ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: נְבוּבִי, נְבִיבוּת.

נְבוּבִי adj. NH coelenterate (zoology). [Formed from נָבוּב with suff. ◌ִי.]

נִבּֽוּחַ m.n. MH barking (of a dog). [Verbal n. of נִבַּח (= it barked), Pi. of נבח.]

נָבוּט adj. NH germinated. [Pass. part. of נָבַט. See נבט ᴵ.]

נַבּוּט m.n. FW club, bat. [Arab. nabut.]

נִבּוּי m.n. MH 1 prophecy, telling the future. NH 2 prediction, foretelling, conjecture. [Verbal n. of נִבָּא, Pi. of נבא (or of נבה ᴵᴵ).]

נָבוֹךְ adj. (pl. נְבוֹכִים, also נְבוּכִים) confused, perplexed, bewildered. [Part. of נָבוֹךְ (= was confused). See בוך.]

נִבּוּל m.n. PBH 1 filth, disgust. 2 heathen festival. [Verbal n. of נִבֵּל (= he polluted), Pi. of נבל ᴵᴵ.]

נָבוֹן adj. understanding, wise, clever, intelligent, a man of understanding. [Part. of נָבוֹן (= he became wise), Niph. of בין.] Derivative: נְבוֹנוּת.

נְבוֹנוּת f.n. NH wisdom, cleverness, intelligence. [Formed from נָבוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

נֶֽבֶז adj. NH (colloq.) despised, contemptible, distasteful. [A collateral form of נִבְזֶה (q.v.).]

נִבְזֶה adj. despised, contemptible, distasteful. [Part. of נִבְזָה (= was despised), Niph. of בזה. cp. נֶבֶז and נְמִבְזֶה.] Derivatives: נִבְזוּת, נִבֽזִי.

נִבְזוּת f.n. NH being despicable, vulgarity. [Formed from נִבֽזֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

נִבְזִי adj. NH (colloq.) contemptible, disgraceful, shameful. [Formed from נִבְזֶה with suff. ◌ִי.]

נבח to bark.
    — Qal - נָבַח it barked (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 56:10).
    — Pi. - נִבַּח it barked.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַבַּח it began to bark. [Aram.-Syr. נְבַח, Arab. nabaḥa, Ethiop. nabaḥa (= it barked), Akka. nabāḫu (= to bark).] Derivatives: נֶבַח, נִבְחָה, נִבּוּחַ, נְבִיחָה, נַבְחָן.

נֶֽבַח m.n. MH barking (of a dog). [From נבח.]

נִבְחָה f.n. NH barking (of a dog). [Formed from נבח with first suff. ◌ָה.]

נַבְחָן m.n. NH barker (said of a dog). [Formed from נבח with suff. ◌ָן.]

נִבְחָן m.n. NH examinee. [Subst. use of נִבְחַן (= was examined), Niph. of בחן.]

נִבְחָר 1 chosen, elected, selected. NH 2 delegate, representative. [Part. of נִבְחַר (= was chosen), Niph. of בחר ᴵ.]

נבט ᴵ to sprout, burst forth, grow.
    — Qal - נָבַט it sprouted, budded.
    — Hiph. - הִנְבִּיט he caused to sprout.
    — Hoph. - הֻנְבַּט was sprouted, was budded. [Aram. נְבַט (= it burst forth, sprouted, grew), Arab. nabata (= it sprouted, germinated, grew).] Derivatives: נֶבֶט, נָבוּט, נְבִיטָה, הַנְבָּטָה, מִנְבָּטָה. cp. יַנְבּוּט.

נבט ᴵᴵ to look.
    — Pi. - נִבַּט he looked at.
    — Hiph. - הִבִּיט 1 he looked at, looked upon; 2 he regarded, showed regard to, considered. [Akka. nabāṭu (= to shine). cp. Arab. nabaṭa (= it welled out, gushed out, streamed forth — said of water).] Derivatives: הַבָּטָה, מַבָּט, מֶבָּט.

נֶֽבֶט m.n. NH bud, blast. [From נבט.]

נָבִיא m.n. prophet. [Prob. derived from base נבא (= to call, proclaim); accordingly the orig. meaning of נָבִיא prob. was ‘the man who calls or proclaims’. cp. Aram. נְבִיָּא (= prophet). Arab. nabiyy, Ethiop. nabīy (= prophet), prob. are loan words from Aram. נְבִיָּא.] Derivatives: נְבוּאָה, נְבִיאוּת, נְבִיאִי.

נְבִיאָה f.n. 1 prophetess. 2 prophet’s wife. [f. of נָבִיא.]

נְבִיאוּת f.n. PBH prophecy. [Formed from נָבִיא with suff. ◌וּת.]

נְבִיאִי adj. MH prophetic. [Formed from נָבִיא with suff. ◌ִי.]

נְבִיבוּת f.n. NH 1 hollowness, 2 emptiness. [Formed from נָבוּב (= hollow, empty), with suff. ◌וּת.]

נְבִיָּה f.n. PBH sproutings, foliage (another version in the Mishna — נֽמִיָּה). [Of uncertain origin. נְבִיָּה is perhaps a derivative of base נבה, which would be related to base נוב (= to sprout); נְמִיָּה seems to be related to Arab. namā (= it grew).]

נְבִיחָה f.n. MH barking (of a dog). [Verbal n. of נָבַח. See נבח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְבִיטָה f.n. NH sprouting. [Verbal n. of נָבַט. See נבט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְבִילָה f.n. NH withering, fading. [Verbal n. of נָבַל. See נבל ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְבִיעָה f.n. MH gushing out. [Verbal n. of נָבַע. See נבע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נֵֽבֶךְ m.n. source(?), hiding place(?), spring(?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 38:16). [Of uncertain etymology.]

נבל ᴵ to wither, fade.
    — Qal - נָבֵל 1 it sank, dropped down; 2 withered, faded, wear away.
    — Pi. - נִבֵּל caused to wither, caused to fade. [Arab. nabīla (= corpse), Akka. nabultu (= corpse). Related to the bases בלה, בלל and נפל. cp. נבל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: נְבִילָה, נְבֵלָה, נוֹבֶלֶת.

נבל ᴵᴵ to be foolish, be senseless.
    — Qal - נָבַל he was foolish, acted foolishly (in the Bible occurring only Pr. 30:32).
    — Pi. - נִבֵּל 1 he regarded or treated with contumely; 2 he despised, disgraced; PBH 3 he dirtied, polluted.
    — Pu. - נֻבַּל was despised, was disgraced.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַבֵּל 1 was despised, was disgraced; 2 was dirtied, was polluted. [Aram. נֽבַל (= was contemptible), Aram.-Syr. נַבֵּל (= he despised), Arab. nabal (= wretched things). Base of נָבָל, נְבָלָה, נַבֽלוּת. נבל ᴵᴵ is properly a sense enlargement of נבל ᴵ. cp. נול.] Derivatives: נִבּוּל, הִתְנַבְּלוּת.

נבל ᴵᴵᴵ to make (an animal) ritually forbidden.
    — Pi. - נִבֵּל he made (an animal) ritually forbidden (by improper slaughtering).
    — Nith. - נִתְנַבֵּל was made ritually forbidden (by improper slaughtering). [Back formation from נְבֵלָה.]

נָבָל m.n. 1 an ignoble, disgraceful person. 2 an impious or villainous person. [From נבל ᴵ.]

נֵֽבֶל ᴵ m.n. skin bottle, jar, pitcher. [Of uncertain origin. cp. נֵבֶל ᴵᴵᴵ.]

נֵֽבֶל ᴵᴵ, נֶֽבֶל m.n. harp. [Prob. derived from נֵבֶל ᴵ and so called after its orig. shape. Aram.-Syr. נַבְלָא (= harp), is borrowed from Hebrew. Gk. nabla and L. nablium, are Sem. loan words. cp. ‘nabla’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: נִבְלַאי.

נִבְלַאי m.n. NH harpist. [Formed from נֵבֶל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ַאי.]

נְבָלָה f.n. 1 disgraceful folly. 2 wickedness. 3 contumely, disgrace. [Formed from נבל ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְבֵלָה f.n. 1 corpse, carcass. 2 an animal that died a natural death. PBH 3 an animal that was not slaughtered ritually. [Formed from נבל ᴵ (= to decay, wither), which is related to base נפל (= to fall). For sense development cp. Gk. ptoma (= corpse), from IE base pet- (= to fly, fall upon), and L. cadāver (= corpse), from cadere (= to fall). For the ending of נְבֵלָה see first suff. ◌ָה.]

נַבְלוֹּת f.n. immodesty, shamelessness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 2:12). [Formed from נבל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. נַוְלוּת.]

נבע to flow, bubble up, gush out.
    — Qal - נָבַע it bubbled up, gushed out (in the Bible occurring only as the part. נוֹבֵעַ, Pr. 18:4).
    — Hiph. - הִבִּיעַ 1 he poured out; 2 it caused to bubble, fermented; 3 (fig.) of speech, he poured forth, emitted, uttered, expressed, pronounced.
    — Hiph. - הִנְבִּיעַ he caused to flow.
    — Hoph. - הֻבַּע was uttered, was expressed, was pronounced. [Aram.-Syr. נְבַע (= it sprang up, flowed — said of water; it burst forth, came to light), Arab. naba‘a, nabagha (= welled forth, issued forth — said of water), Ethiop. nab‘a (= it flowed), Akka. namba’u (= spring). cp. Aram.-Syr. נְבַג (= it broke forth, came to the surface), and see נֶבֶג.] Derivative: נוֹבֵעַ.

נִבְעָר adj. 1 foolish, stupid. NH 2 ignorant. [Part. of נִבְעַר (= was foolish, was stupid), Niph. of בער.] Derivative: נִבְעָרוּת.

נִבְעָרוּת f.n. NH ignorance, illiteracy. [Formed from נִבְעָר with suff. ◌וּת.]

נבר to turn up the ground with the snout, burrow.
    — Qal - נָבַר it turned up the ground with the snout, burrowed. [Related to Aram.-Syr. נְבַר (= he scratched the ground), Arab. nabara (= he raised, elevated), Ethiop. and Amharic nabara (= he sat).] Derivative: נַבְרָן.

נָבָר adj. honest, innocent, pure. [Part. of נָבַר (= was purified), Niph. of ברר.]

נִבְרָא m.n. MH creature. [Subst. use of the part. of נִבְרָא (= was created), Niph. of ברא ᴵ.]

נֶבְרוֹזָה f.n. FW neurosis (disease). [Eng. neurosis (lit.: ‘nervous condition’), coined by the Scottish physician William Cullen (1710–90), from Gk. neuron (= nerve), which stands for sneurom and is cogn. with L. nervus (of s.m.). See ‘nerve’ and ‘-osis’ in my CEDEL.]

נֶבְרוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW neurology. [Eng. neurology, prob. coined by the English physician Thomas Willis (1621–75) from Gk. neuron (= nerve), and logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

נֶבְרוֹן, נֶוְרוֹן m.n. FW neuron. [Medical L., from Gk. neuron (= nerve).]

נֶבְרִיטִיס m.n. FW neuritis (disease). [Medical L. neuritis, formed from Gk. neuron (= nerve; see נֶבְרוֹזָה), with suff. - itis. See ‘-itis’ in my CEDEL.]

נִבְרֶֽכֶת f.n. PBH wash pond. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from בְּרֵכָה (= pond, pool).]

נֶבְרַלְגְיָה f.n. FW neuralgia (disease). [Medical L. neuralgia, compounded of Gk. neuron (= nerve; see נֶבְרוֹזָה), and algia from algos (= pain), which is of uncertain origin.]

נַבְרָן m.n. NH field vole, lemming, mouse. [Formed from נבר with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

נֶבְרַסְתֶּנְיָה f.n. FW neurasthenia (disease). [Medical L. neurasthenia (lit.: ‘weakness of the nerves’), from Gk. neuron (= nerve; see נֶבְרוֹזָה), and astheneia (= weakness). See ‘asthenia’ in my CEDEL.]

נִבְרֶֽשֶׁת f.n. PBH candlestick. [Borrowed from BAram. נֶבְרַשְׁתָּא (Dan. 5:5), which, together with Syr. נַבְרֶשְׁתָּא, is of uncertain, prob. foreign, origin. Arab. nibrās is an Aram. loan word.]

נגב to be dry, be parched.
    — Qal - נָגַב was dry, became dry.
    — Pi. - נִגֵּב he dried, wiped.
    — Pu. - נֻגַּב was dried, was wiped.
    — Hith. - הִתְנֵגֵּב he dried himself, became dry. [Aram.-Syr. נֶגֵב (= dried up, became dry). Base of נֶגֶב.] Derivatives: נָגוּב, נִגּוּב, נְגִיבָה, הִתְנֵגְּבוּת, מַגָּב, מַגֶּבֶת.

נֶֽגֶב m.n. south, southern region, the Negev. [From נגב (lit.: ‘the dry land’).]

נֶֽגֲד prep. & adv. in front of, before; opposite, against, contrary to; in the presence of. [Orig. a noun lit. meaning ‘that which is high or conspicuous’, from נגד (= to be high, to be conspicuous).] Derivatives: נֶגְדָּה, נֶגְדִּי, תִּנְגֹּדֶת.

נגד ᴵ to rise, be high, be conspicuous.
    — Qal - נָגַד was against, opposed, contradicted.
    — Pi. - נִגֵּד (of s.m.).
    — Pu. - נֻגַּד (see מְנֻגָּד).
    — Hith. - הִתְנַגֵּד was against, opposed, contradicted.
    — Hiph. - הִגִּיד he made known, announced, declared, reported, told (orig. and properly, ‘he placed a matter high or made it conspicuous before somebody’).
    — Hoph. - הֻגַּד was made known, was announced, was declared, was reported, was told. [Aram.-Syr. נְגַד (= he led, stretched, drew, dragged, attracted), נָגוֹדָא (= leader, ruler), Arab. najd (= highland), najada (= was conspicuous; conquered), najuda, najida (= was courageous), najīd (= noble-minded). Denominated from נֶגֶד. cp. נגד ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: נִגּוּד, נוֹגֵד, הִתְנַגְּדוּת, מְנֻגָּד, מִתְנַגֵּד, הֶגֵּד, הַגָּדָה, הַנֽגָּדָה, מַגִּיד.

נגד ᴵᴵ to beat, strike.
    — Pi. - נִגֵּד PBH 1 he beat, struck; NH 2 he beat, hammered.
    — Pu. - נֻגַּד was beaten, was hammered. [Aram.-Syr. נְגַד (= he drew, extended, he beat, struck). Properly sense enlargement of נגד ᴵ.]

נַגָּד ᴵ m.n. PBH one who tugs a boat. [From Aram. נַגָּדָּא (lit.: ‘dragger’), from נְגַּד (= he drew, dragged, led). See נגד ᴵ and נגד ᴵᴵ and cp. נַגָּד ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: נַגָּד ᴵᴵᴵ.

נַגָּד ᴵᴵ m.n. NH a non-commissioned officer in the Israeli Army. [From Aram. נַגָּדָא (= one who leads), from נְגַד (= he drew, he led).]

נַגָּד ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. NH resistor (electricity). [From נגד ᴵ.]

נֶגְדָּה f.n. PBH wife (jocosely). [Formed from נֶגֶד (= opposite, against), with first suff. ◌ָה, in allusion to עֵזֶר כְּנֶגְדּוֹ, ‘a help meet for him’ (Gen. 2:18).]

נֶגְדִּי adj. MH opposite, opposed, contradictory; counter. [Formed from נֶגֶד with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: נֶגְדִיּוּת.

נֶגְדִיּוּת f.n. MH opposition, contradictoriness. [Formed from נֶגְדִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

נגהּ ᴵ to shine.
    — Qal - נָגַהּ it shone.
    — Hiph. - הִגִּיהַ he caused to shine.
    — Hoph. - הֻגַּהּ was made to shine. [Syr. נְגַהּ (= it shone; it dawned), BAram. נָגְהָא (Dan. 6:20) (= brightness, daylight), Ugar. ngh (= to cause to shine), Ethiop. nagha (= it shone), Akka. nigū (= to be glad, rejoice).] Derivatives: נֹגַהּ, נְגֹהָה.

נגהּ ᴵᴵ to revise, correct.
    — Hiph. - הִגִּיהַּ he revised, corrected.
    — Hoph. - הֻגַּהּ was revised, was corrected. [Of uncertain origin. Possibly related to Arab. naqqaḥa (= he reviewed, revised, corrected).] Derivatives: הַגָּהָה, מֻגָּהּ, מַגִּיהַּ.

נֹֽגַהּ f.n. (pl. נְגָהִים) 1 shining, brightness. PBH 2 the planet Venus. [From נגהּ ᴵ. Some scholars take נֹגַהּ to be masculine. This is wrong. See Hab. 3:4 וֽנֹגַהּ כָּאוֹר תִּהְיֶה.]

נְגֹהָה f.n. brightness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 59:9 in the pl.). [From נגהּ ᴵ.]

נָגוּב adj. PBH dried, wiped. [Pass. part. of נָגַב. See נגב.]

נִגּוּב m.n. PBH drying, wiping. [Verbal n. of נִגֵּב (= he dried, wiped), Pi. of נגב.]

נִגּוּד m.n. MH 1 opposition, contradiction. 2 contrast. [Verbal n. of נִגֵּד (= was against, contradicted), Pi. of נגד ᴵ.] Derivative: נִגּוּדִי.

נָגוֹד m.n. PBH (pl. נָגוֹדוֹת) leader, principal. [From Aram. נָגוֹדָא, from נְגַד (= he drew, he led). See נגד ᴵ.]

נִגּוּדִי NH contrasting. [Formed from נִגּוּד with suff. ◌ִי.]

נָגֽוּחַ adj. MH gored. [Pass. part. of נָגַח. See נגח.]

נִגּוּן m.n. PBH 1 song. NH 2 playing a musical instrument. PBH 3 tune. [Verbal n. of נִגֵּן (= he played an instrument), Pi. of נגן.] Derivative: נִגּוּנִי.

נִגּוּנִי adj. MH musical. [Formed from נִגּוּן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: נִגּוּנִיּוּת.

נִגּוּנִיּוּת f.n. NH musicality. [Formed from נִגּוּנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

נָגוּס adj. NH bitten off. [Pass. part. of נָגַס.]

נֶגוּס m.n. NH Negus (of Ethiopia). [Amharic negūsh (= king), from nagasha (= he forced, ruled), which is related to Heb. נָגַשׂ (= he pressed, drove, oppressed). See נגשׂ.]

נָגֽוּעַ adj. 1 plagued. MH 2 infected. [Pass. part. of נָגַע. See נגע ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: נְגִיעוּת.

נִגּֽוּעַ m.n. NH infecting, contamination. [Verbal n. of נִגַּע (= infected), Pi. of נגע ᴵᴵ.]

נָגוּשׂ adj. MH oppressed. [Pass. part. of נָגַשׂ. See נגשׁ.]

נִגּוּשׂ m.n. MH oppression. [From נגשׂ.]

נִגְזָל adj. PBH robbed. [Part. of נִגְזַל (= was robbed), Niph. of גזל.]

נִגְזָר adj. MH derived. [Part. of נִגְזַר (= was cut off; was derived), Niph. of גזר.]

נגח to push, thrust, gore.
    — Qal - נָגַח it pushed, thrust, gored, butted.
    — Pi. - נִגַּח 1 it pushed, thrust, gored, butted; 2 he contended, argued.
    — Pu. - נֻגַּח was gored, was butted.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַגַּח 1 he engaged in thrusting, fought, wrestled; 2 he contended, argued.
    — Hiph. - הִגִּיחַ he caused to gore. [Aram. נְגַח (= it pushed, thrust, gored), Ugar. ngḥ (= to push, thrust). cp. גיח.] Derivatives: נַגָּח, נַגְּחָן, נָגוּחַ, נְגִיחָה, הִתְנַגְּחוּת, מַגָּח.

נַגָּח adj. addicted to goring (in the Bible occurring only Ex. 21:29 and 36). [From נגח. cp. נַגְּחָן.]

נַגְּחָן m.n. PBH an animal addicted to goring. [Formed from נִגַּח (= it gored), Pi. of נגח, with suff. ◌ָן.]

נֶגָטִיב m.n. FW negative (photography). [From L. negatīvus. See נֶגָטִיבִי.]

נֶגָטִיבִי adj. FW negative. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from L. negātīvus (= that which denies), from negātus, p. part. negāre (= to say no, deny, refuse), which derives from neg(i) (= not, no), a strengthened form of ne (= not). See ‘no’ (adv.), and verbal suff. ‘-ate’ in my CEDEL.]

נְגִיבָה f.n. MH drying, wiping. [Verbal n. of נָגַב. See נגב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נָגִיד m.n. 1 chief, leader, ruler. MH 2 noble, prince. NH 3 a wealthy man. [cp. Arab. najīd (= noble minded), and see נגד (= to rise, be high; to be conspicuous). For sense development cp. נָשִׂיא (= prince, chief), lit. ‘one lifted up’, from נשׂא (= to lift). According to Barth the orig. meaning of נָגִיד is ‘speaker’, ‘spokesman’. cp. נָשִׂיא (= prince, chief), which may also have meant orig. ‘speaker’.] Derivatives: נְגִידוּת, נְגִידִי.

נְגִיד m.n. PBH a lean animal. [Aram., properly pass. part. of נְגַד (= he stretched, drew), and lit. meaning ‘stretched, weakened, fainting’. See נגד ᴵᴵ.]

נְגִידוּת f.n. MH office of a prince. [Formed from נָגִיד with suff. ◌וּת.]

נְגִידִי adj. NH princely. [Formed from נָגִיד with suff. ◌ִי.]

נְגִיחָה f.n. PBH goring. [Verbal n. of נָגַח. See נגח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְגִינָה f.n. 1 music. 2 song. MH 3 accent. [From נגן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: נֽגִינִי, נְגִינָתִי.

נְגִינִי adj. NH musical. [Formed from נְגִינָה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: נְגִינִיּוּת.

נְגִינִיּוּת f.n. NH musicality. [Formed from נְגִינִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

נְגִינָתִי adj. NH musical. [Formed from נְגִינָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

נְגִיסָה f.n. NH biting off, biting. [Verbal n. of נָגַס. See נגס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְגִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 touch, touching. MH 2 contact, connection, relation. [Verbal n. of נָגַע. See נגע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נָגִּיעַ adj. NH susceptible. [Coined from נגע ᴵᴵ (= to infect, contaminate), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

נְגִיעוּת f.n. NH infection, contamination. [Formed from נָגוּעַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

נָגִיף m.n. NH virus. [From נגף (= to strike; to afflict with plague).] Derivative: נְגִיפִי.

נְגִיפָה f.n. PBH striking, push, blow. [Verbal n. of נָגֵף. See נגף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְגִיפִי adj. NH viral. [Formed from נָגִיף with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

נְגִירָה f.n. NH flow. [Verbal n. of נָגַר. See נגר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נָגִישׁ adj. NH approachable, accessible. [Coined from נגשׁ (= to approach), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: נְגִישׁוּת.

נְגִישָׂה f.n. MH oppression. [Verbal n. of נָגֵשׂ. See נגשׂ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְגִישָׁה f.n. PBH approach. [From נגשׁ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. גִּישָׁה.]

נְגִישׁוּת f.n. NH approachability, accessibility. [Formed from נָגִישׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

נִגְלֶה adj. MH visible, apparent, clear, concrete. [Part. of נִגְלָה (= was revealed), Niph. of גלה.]

נַגְמַ״שׁ m.n. NH armored troop vehicle. [Abbr. of נוֹשֵׂאת גְּיָסוֹת מְשֻׁרְיֶנֶת, or נוֹשֵׂא גְּיָסוֹת מְשֻׁרְיָן (of s.m.).]

נגן to play an instrument.
    — Qal occurs only in the part. (see . - נוֹגֵן ).
    — Pi. - נִגֵּן he played an instrument.
    — Pu. - נֻגַּן 1 was played; 2 was accented (grammar).
    — Hith. - הִתְנַגֵּן 1 was played; 2 played by itself.
    — Hiph. - הִנֽגִּין 1 he made (someone) play; 2 he composed.
    — Hoph. - הֻנְגֵּן was composed. [Aram. נַגֵּן (= he played an instrument), Akka. nigūtu, ningūtu (= music).] Derivatives: נֵגָּן, נֶגֶן, נִגּוּן, נֽגִינָה, הַנְגָּנָה, הִתְנַגּֽנוּת, מַנְגִּינָה.

נַגָּן m.n. NH player, instrumentalist. [Nomen opificis formed from נִגֵּן (= he played), Pi. of נגן.]

נֶֽגֶן m.n. NH melody, tune. [From נגן.]

נגס to bite off.
    — Qal - נָגַס he bit off.
    — Pi. - נִגֵּס he bit off.
    — Pu. - נֻגַּס was bitten off. [Related to Aram. נְגַס (= he bit, bit off), possibly also to Arab. najadha (= he bit with his teeth). [Related to גוס.] Derivatives: נֶגֶס, נָגוּס, נְגִיסָה, מְנֻגָּס.

נֶֽגֶס m.n. NH bite. [From נגס.]

נגע ᴵ to touch.
    — Qal - נָגַע 1 he touched; 2 he reached.
    — Hiph. - הִגִּיעַ 1 he caused to touch, applied; 2 it approached, drew near; 3 it came, arrived; 4 it befell, came to pass.
    — Hoph. - הֻגַּע he was made to touch, was brought into contact (with). [Aram. נְגַע (= he touched). cp. נגע ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: נְגִיעָה, נוֹגֵעַ, הֶגֵּעַ, הַגָּעָה, מַגָּע.

נגע ᴵᴵ to strike, smite.
    — Niph. - נִגַּע was stricken.
    — Pi. - נִגַּע 1 he struck (with leprosy), afflicted; NH 2 he infected, contaminated.
    — Pu. - נֻגַּע 1 was stricken, was afflicted; NH 2 was infected, was contaminated.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַגַּע was stricken with leprosy. [Sense enlargement of נגע ᴵ. cp. Aram. אִתְנַגַּע (= was struck with leprosy), from נֶגַע.] Derivatives: נָגִיעַ, נֶגַע, נִגְעָה, נָגוּעַ, נִגּוּעַ, הִנָּגְעוּת, מְנֻגָּע.

נֶֽגַע m.n. 1 stroke, blow, wound. 2 sign of leprosy; plague. [From נגע ᴵᴵ. cp. נִגְעָה.]

נִגְעָה f.n. PBH detraction, insult. [A secondary form of נֶגַע.]

נגף to strike, smite.
    — Qal - נָגַף 1 he struck, smote; 2 he defeated.
    — Niph. - נִגַּף 1 was struck, was smitten; 2 was defeated.
    — Pi. - נִגֵּף he struck, smote.
    — Pu. - נֻגַּף was struck, was smitten.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַגֵּף he struck against, stumbled (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 13:16). [Aram. נְגַף (= he struck, smote). Related to נקף ᴵ. cp. סגף.] Derivatives: נֶגֶף, נָגִיף, נְגִיפָה, הִתְנַגְּפוּת, מַגֵּפָה, מְנֻגָּף.

נֶֽגֶף m.n. 1 blow, plague. 2 striking of the foot, stumbling. [From נגף.]

נגר ᴵ to pour, flow, run.
    — Niph. - נִגַּר 1 was poured out, flowed, trickled; 2 was stretched out.
    — Hiph. - הִגִּיר 1 he poured down, thrust down; 2 he delivered over.
    — Hoph. - הֻגַּר was poured down. [Aram. נְגַר (= flowed, streamed, endured), Syr. נֽגַר (= was long in time). Related to גרר ᴵ.] Derivatives: נִגָּר, נֶגֶר, נְגִירָה, הַגָּרָה. cp. נֶגֶר ᴵᴵ.

נגר ᴵᴵ to engage in carpentry.
    — Pi. - נִגֵּר he did carpenter’s work. [Denominated from נַגָּר.]

נַגָּר m.n. PBH carpenter. [Together with Aram. and Syr. נַגָּרָא, borrowed from Akka. naggaru. Arab. najjār is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: נגר ᴵᴵ נַגָּרוּת, נַגָּרִיָּה.

נִגָּר adj. flowing. [Part. of נִגַּר, Niph. of נגר ᴵ.]

נֶֽגֶר ᴵ m.n. PBH bolt. [From גרר.]

נֶֽגֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH small pond. [Prob. derived from נגר ᴵ.]

נַגָּרוּת f.n. carpentry, joinery. [Formed from נַגָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

נַגָּרִיָּה f.n. NH carpenter’s shop, carpentry. [Formed from נַגָּר with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

נִגְרָר adj. PBH dragged, attached. [Part. of נִגְרַר (= was dragged), Niph. of גרר.]

נִגְרָשׁ adj. 1 stormy. NH 2 tumultuous. [Part. of נִגְרַשׁ (= was driven away; was tossed, raged), Niph. of גרשׁ.]

נגשׂ to press, drive, oppress.
    — Qal - נָגַשׂ 1 he pressed, drove, oppressed; 2 he exacted (debt).
    — Niph. - נִגַּשׂ 1 was hard pressed; 2 (pl.) they tyrannized over each other. [Amharic nagasha (= he forced, ruled; whence negūsh, ‘king’), prob. also Arab. najasha (= he roused and drove game). cp. נֶגוּס.] Derivatives: נָגוּשׂ, נְגִישָׂה, נוֹגֵשׂ.

נגשׁ to draw near, approach.
    — Qal imper. - יִגַּשׁ (perf. and part. expressed by Niph.) he will draw near, will approach.
    — Niph. - נִגַּשׁ (imper. expressed by Qal) he drew near, approached.
    — Hiph. - הִגִּישׁ he caused to approach, brought near, brought, presented, offered.
    — Hoph. - הֻגַּשׁ 1 was brought near, was offered, presented; NH 2 dedicated.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַגֵּשׁ 1 he drew near, approached; NH 2 he conflicted; NH 3 he collided. [Ugar. ngsh (= to draw near, approach), Akka. nagāshu (= to move to and fro).] Derivatives: נָגִישׁ, נְגִישָׁה, גִּישָׁה, הַגָּשָׁה, הִתְנַגְּשׁוּת, מַגִּישׁ, מַגָּשׁ, מֻגָּשׁ, מַגָּשָׁה.

נֵד m.n. heap, wall. [Arab. nadd (= high hill).]

נָד adj. moving. [Part. of נָד. See נוד.]

נֹד see נוֹד.

נדב to incite, impel.
    — Qal - נָדַב he incited, impelled.
    — Niph. - נִדַּב 1 was donated; 2 he gave willingly, donated.
    — Pi. - נִדֵּב he gave willingly, donated.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַדֵּב 1 he volunteered; 2 he offered free will offerings. [Aram. נְדַב (= was willing), נַדֵּב (= he did willingly), BAram. הִתְנַדַּבוּ (= they have freely offered), Arab. nadaba (= he called, impelled, incited), naduba (= was noble, was willing, was generous).] Derivatives: נְדָבָה, נָדִיב, נְדִיבָה, נַדְבָן, הִתְנַדְבוּת, מְנַדֵּב, מְנֻרָּב, מִתְנַדֵּב.

נְדָבָה f.n. willingness, voluntariness, free-will offering. [From נדב. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

נִדְבָּךְ m.n. (pl. נִדְבָּכִים, also נִדְבָּכוֹת) row or layer of stones. [BAram., a loan word from Akka. nadbaku (= layer of bricks). Arab. midmāk is an Aram. loan word; cp. מִדְבָּךְ, מִרְמָךְ.]

נַדְבָן m.n. MH generous man, donor. [From נָדַב. See נדב and agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: נַדְבָנוּת, נַדְבָנִי.

נַדְבָנוּת f.n. NH generosity. [Formed from נַדְבָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

נַדְבָנִי adj. NH generous. [Formed from נַדְבָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

נדד to wander about, flee.
    — Qal - נָדַד 1 he wandered about; 2 he retreated, fled; PBH 3 he moved, shook.
    — Pi. - נִדֵּד he removed.
    — Pu. - נֻדַּד was removed.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַדֵּד was shaken.
    — Hiph. - הֵנֵד he caused to flee, chased away.
    — Hiph. - הִדִּיד he removed.
    — Hoph. - הֻדַּד was removed. [Aram. נְדַד (= he fled), Arab. nadda (= he fled, ran away). Related to נוד.] Derivatives: נֶדֶד, נוֹדֵד, נָדוּד, נְדוֹד, נְדוּדִים, נְדִידָה. cp. נִדָּה.

נְדֹד see נְדוֹד.

נֶֽדֶד m.n. MH wandering away (used esp. in the phrase נֶדֶד־שֵׁנָה, ‘sleeplessness’; lit.: ‘wandering away of sleep’). [From נדד.]

נדה to remove, exclude.
    — Pi. - נִדָּה 1 he removed, thrust off, thrust away, excluded; PBH 2 he banished, excommunicated.
    — Pu. - נֻדָּה was banished, was excommunicated.
    — Nith. - נִתְנַדָּה (of s.m.). [Aram. נְדָא (= he separated himself), Akka. nadū (= to throw, overthrow, destroy).] Derivatives: נִדּוּי, מְנֻדֶּה. cp. נִדָּה.

נֵֽדֶה m.n. 1 harlot’s pay (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 16:33). NH 2 dowry. [According to Barth related to Arab. nadan (= gift); according to Gesenius-Buhl and others, possibly a loan word from Akka. nidnu, nidintu (= gift), which is related to Akka. nudunnu (= dowry). See נָדָן ᴵᴵ.]

נִדָּה f.n. 1 impurity, impure thing. 2 menstruation. 3 menstruant woman. PBH 4 ‘Niddah’, name of a Mishnah, Tosephta and Talmud tractate in the order טָהֳרוֹת. [Either from נדד or from נדה.] Derivative: נִדּוּת.

נָדוּד adj. PBH 1 unstable, unsteady. NH 2 removed. [Pass. part. of נדד.]

נְדוֹד, נְדֹד m.n. NH wandering, migration. [Subst. use of נְדֹד, inf. of נדד.]

נְדוּדִים m.n. pl. 1 tossing of sleeplessness, sleeplessness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 7:4). 2 wandering. [From נדד.]

נִדּוּי m.n. PBH excommunication, banishment. [Verbal n. of נִדָּה, Pi. of נדה.]

נִדּוֹן, נָדוֹן PBH 1 judged. NH 2 subject under discussion. [Part. of נִדּוֹן (= was judged; was discussed), Niph. of דין.]

נְדוּנְיָה see נְדֻנְיָה.

נָדוּר adj. PBH abstinent, abstemious. [Pass. part. of נדר.]

נָדוֹשׁ adj. NH 1 threshed (corn). 2 trite, banal. [Part. of נָדוֹשׁ (= was threshed), Niph. of דושׁ.]

נִדּוּת f.n. PBH menstrual state. [Formed from נִדָּה with suff. ◌וּת.]

נדח to thrust, banish.
    — Qal - נָדַח he wielded (an ax).
    — Niph. - נִדַּח 1 was impelled; 2 was thrust out, was banished; 3 was driven away; 4 was led astray, seduced.
    — Pu. - נֻדַּח was thrust.
    — Hiph. - הִדִּיחַ 1 he thrust out, banished; 2 he led astray, seduced.
    — Hoph. - הֻדַּח 1 was chased, hunted; PBH 2 was seduced; NH 3 was dismissed. [Aram. נְדַח (= he pushed away), Ethiop. nadaḥa (= he thrust), Arab. nadaḥa (= he pushed a ship ashore). Related to דחה, דחח, דוח ᴵ.] Derivatives: נִדָּח, הַדָּחָה, מַדּוּחַ.

נִדָּח adj. 1 driven away. 2 led astray, wandering. NH 3 remote (place), out-of-the-way. [Part. of נִדַּח (= was thrust out, was banished), Niph. of נדח.]

נִדְחֶה adj. MH 1 postponed, deferred (said esp. of a fast or memorial day). NH 2 rejected. [Part. of נִדְחָה (= was put off, was postponed), Niph. of דחה.]

נָדִיב adj. 1 willing, voluntary. 2 liberal, generous, noble-minded. [From נדב.] Derivatives: נְדִיבָה, נְדִיבוּת.

נְדִיבָה, נְדִיבוֹת 1 nobility. 2 pl. noble deeds. [From נָדִיב.]

נְדִיבוּת f.n. MH generosity. [Formed from נָדִיב with suff. ◌וּת.]

נְדִידָה f.n. MH wandering, migration. [Verbal n. of נָדַד. See נדד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נַדְיָן m.n. PBH wash pond. [Prob. from Aram. נְדָא (= spattered, sprinkled), which is related to Heb. נָזָה (of s.m.); see נזה.]

נָדִיף adj. NH evaporable, volatile. [Coined from נדף (= to evaporate), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: נְדִיפוּת.

נְדִיפָה f.n. NH evaporation. [Verbal n. of נָדַף. See נדף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְדִיפוּת f.n. NH evaporability. [Formed from נָדִיף with suff. ◌וּת.]

נָדִיר ᴵ adj. NH rare. [From Arab. nadr (= rare), from nadara (= was rare), from nadara in the sense ‘fell away, fell’, which is related to Aram.-Syr. נְדַר (= it sloped, was declivitous). See מִדְּרוֹן.] Derivative: נְדִירוּת.

נָדִיר ᴵᴵ m.n. NH nadir. [Fren. nadir, from Arab. naẓīr in the term naẓīr assamt (lit.: ‘the point opposite to the zenith’), from naẓara (= he looked at; he considered, examined), which is related to Heb. נָצַר (= he watched over, guarded). See נצר ᴵ.]

נְדִירָה f.n. MH vowing. [Verbal n. of נָדַר. See נדר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְדִירוּת f.n. NH rarity, scarcity. [Formed from נָדִיר ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

נִדְכָּא adj. oppressed, depressed, dejected. [Niph. part. of דכא (= to crush).]

נִדְכֶּה adj. oppressed, depressed, broken. [Part. of נִדְכָּה (= was oppressed, was broken, was depressed), Niph. of דָּכָה. See דכה.]

נַדָּל m.n. PBH Scolopendra (a genus of chilopods). [From Syr. נַדָּלָא, from נְדַל (= he moved), which is related to Arab. nadala (= he carried over, transported, transferred).]

נָדָן ᴵ m.n. sheath, case (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. I 21:27). [Together with BAram. נִדְנֶה and Aram. נֽדָנָא, borrowed from Pers. nidhānaḥ (= container).] Derivative: נְדָנִי.

נָדָן ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 harlot’s pay (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 16:33). MH 2 dowry, marriage portion. [Prob. a loan word from Akka. nadānu (= to give). See נתן and cp. נְדֻנְיָה.]

נדנד to nag, to bore.
    — Pilp. - נִדֽנֵד NH 1 he shook, rocked; PBH 2 he caused, brought about.
    — Pulp. - נֻדֽנַד was shaken, was rocked.
    — Hithpalp. - הִתְנַדְנֵד PBH 1 was moved, was shaken, he rocked, seesawed; NH 2 he became a bore; NH 3 he nagged, was a bore, was a ‘nudnik’ (influenced in meaning by Yiddish nudnik).] [Pilp. of נוד (= to move).] Derivatives: נַדְנֵדָה, נַדְנוֹד, נִדְנוּד, הִתְנַדְנְדוּת.

נַדְנֵדָה f.n. NH 1 swing. 2 seesaw. [From נדנד.]

נַדְנְדָן m.n. NH nagger. [Formed from נדנד with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

נַדְנוֹד m.n. NH rocker. [From נדנד.]

נִדְנוּד m.n. PBH 1 moving about, shaking. NH 2 nagging, boring. [Verbal n. of נדנד.]

נְדָנִי adj. NH sheath-form. [Formed from נָדָן ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

נְדֻנְיָה, נְדוּנְיָה f.n. PBH dowry, marriage portion. [Aram. נְדוּנְיָא, a loan word from Akka. nudunnu (= dowry), from nadānu (= to give). See נתן and cp. נֵדֶה, נָדָן ᴵᴵ.]

נדף to drive, drive about; to be different, spread (said of odor), evaporate.
    — Qal - נָדַף 1 he drove about, scattered; PBH 2 it spread (said of odor), evaporated.
    — Niph. - נִדַּף was driven about, was scattered.
    — Pi. - נִדֵּף emitted (smell).
    — Hith. - הִתְנַדֵּף MH 1 was blown away, evaporated; NH 2 vanished, disappeared.
    — Hiph. - הִדִּיף emitted (smell). [cp. Arab. nadafa (= he carded cotton), Ethiop. nadafa (= he threw).] Derivatives: נִדָּף, נָדִיף, נְדִיפָה, הִתְנַדְּפוּת, מַדֵּף.

נִדָּף adj. driven, scattered. [Part. of נִדַּף, Niph. of נדף.]

נדר to vow.
    — Qal - נָדַר he vowed, took a vow.
    — Niph. - נִדַּר was made the subject of a vow.
    — Hiph. - הִדִּיר 1 he forbade by vow; 2 he put (a person) under a vow.
    — Hoph. - הֻדַּר was forbidden by vow. [A collateral form of נזר. cp. Aram., Aram.-Syr. נְדַר.] Derivatives: נֵדֶר, נַדָּר, נַדְרָן, נָדוּר, נְדִירָה, הַדָּרָה, מֻדָּר.

נִֽדֶר, נֶֽדֶר (The orig. form is נֵדֶר, as proved by the i of forms with personal suffixes: נִדְרִי, etc.). 1 vow. 2 a votive offering. [From נדר. cp. Ugar. ndr (= vow).]

נַדָּר m.n. PBH vower; one accustomed to make vows. [Coined from נדר according to the pattern פַּעָל, which serves to form nomina opificum and names of persons who are in the habit of doing something frequently or regularly.]

נַדְרָן m.n. PBH one accustomed to make vows. [Formed from נדר with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

נִדְרָשׁ adj. NH wanted, looked for, required. [Part. of נִדֽרַשׁ, Niph. of דרשׁ.]

נֹֽהַּ m.n. wailing lamentation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 7:11). [Of uncertain origin and meaning.]

נהג ᴵ to drive, conduct.
    — Qal - נָהַג 1 he drove, led, conducted; 2 he drove away, drove off; 3 he conducted himself, behaved; PBH 4 he was accustomed to; PBH 5 was customary.
    — Pi. - נִהֵג, נִהַג 1 he drove away, carried away, led off; 2 he led, guided.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַהֵג he conducted himself, behaved.
    — Hiph. - הִנְהִיג 1 he drove; 2 he led, directed; 3 he established as a custom, introduced.
    — Hoph. - הֻנְהַג 1 was led, was conducted; 2 was established as a custom, was introduced. [Aram. נֽהַג (= he led), Arab. nahaj (= road), nahaja (= he went along the road), minhāj (= way, road; method), Ethiop. anhaga (= he drove cattle).] Derivatives: נֶהָג, נֹהַג, נָהוּג, נִהוּג, נָהִיג, נְהִיגָה, הַנְהָגָה, הִתְנַהֲגוּת, מִנְהָג, מַנְהִיג.

נהג ᴵᴵ to moan, lament.
    — Pi. - נִהֵג he moaned, lamented (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Nah. 2:8 in the form מְנַהֲגוֹת). [Syr. נְהַג (= he sighed, groaned); Arab. nahija (= was out of breath, panted), Akka. nagāgu (= to shout). Prob. related to נהק.]

נָהָג, נֶהָג m.n. NH driver. [Nomen opificis. formed from נהג ᴵ.]

נֹֽהַג m.n. PBH custom, habit. [From נהג ᴵ.]

נֶהְדָּר adj. NH splendid, glorious, magnificent. [Part. of נֶהְדַּר (= was glorious, was magnificent), Niph. of הדר ᴵ.]

נהה ᴵ to long for, follow eagerly.
    — Qal - נָהָה he longed for, followed eagerly.
    — Niph. - נִנְהָה (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 7:2) was attracted by, longed for. [Prob. related to Arab. nahā (= he came).] Derivative: נְהִיָּה ᴵ.

נהה ᴵᴵ to wail, lament.
    — Qal - נָהָה he wailed, lamented. [Aram. נֽהָא (= he sighed), Ethiop. nehya (= he felt relieved, found comfort).] Derivatives: נְהִי, נִהְיָה, נְהִיָּה ᴵᴵ.

נִהוּג adj. PBH customary, usual. [Pass. part. of נָהַג. See נהג ᴵ.]

נִהוּל m.n. MH leading, conducting, management. [Verbal n. of נִהֵל (= he led, conducted), Pi. of נהל.] Derivative: נִהוּלִי.

נִהוּלִי adj. NH managerial. [Formed from נִהוּל with suff. ◌ִי.]

נְהוֹר, נְהוֹרָא m.n. light. [Aram., from נְהַר (= it shone). See נהר ᴵᴵ.]

נְהִי m.n. wailing, lamentation, mourning song. [From נהה ᴵᴵ. cp. נִהֽיָה. cp. also נִי.]

נָהִיג adj. NH dirigible (lit.: ‘that which can be led’). [Coined from נהג ᴵ according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: נְהִיגוּת.

נְהִיגָה f.n. MH driving, leading, conducting. [Verbal n. of נָהַג (= he drove, led, conducted). See נהג ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְהִיגוּת f.n. NH dirigibility. [Formed from נָהִיג with suff. ◌וּת.]

נִהְיָה f.n. wail, lament (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Micah 2:4). [A secondary form of נְהִי.]

נְהִיָּה ᴵ f.n. NH longing, yearning. [Verbal n. of נָהָה (= he longed for, yearned for). See נהה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְהִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH wailing, lamentation. [Verbal n. of נָהָה (= he wailed, lamented). See נהה ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְהִילָה f.n. MH leading, conducting, management. [Verbal n. of נָהַל. See נהל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְהִימָה f.n. PBH growling, groaning. [Verbal n. of נָהַם. See נהם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְהִיקָה f.n. MH braying of an ass. [Verbal n. of נָהַק. See נהק and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. Aram. נְהִיקָא (= braying of an ass).]

נָהִיר adj. PBH clear, bright. [Aram., from נְהַר (= shone). See נהר ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: נְהִירוּת.

נְהִירָה ᴵ f.n. NH flowing, streaming. [Verbal n. of נָהַר (= it flowed, streamed). See נהר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְהִירָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH shining. [Verbal n. of נהר (= it shone). See נהר ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נְהִירוּת f.n. NH brightness, clarity. [Formed from נָהִיר with suff. ◌וּת.]

נהל to lead, guide.
    — Pi. - נִהֵל 1 he led, conducted, guided; 2 he provided for, sustained; 3 he directed, managed, administered.
    — Pu. - נֻהַל was conducted, was directed, was managed.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַהֵל 1 he went on slowly; NH 2 he was conducted, was led, was guided. [Arab. manhal (= watering place), nahala (= he led to a watering place).] Derivatives: נֶהָל, נֹהַל, נִהוּל, נְהִילָה, הַנְהָלָה, מִנְהָל, מְנַהֵל, מְנֹהָל, נַהֲלֹל.

נֶהָל m.n. NH manager. [Nomen opificis formed from נהל.]

נֹֽהַל m.n. NH procedure. [Coined by Moshe Sharett (1894–1965) from נהל.] Derivative: נָהֳלִי.

נַהֲלָא adj. outcast, banished, removed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Micah 4:7 in the f.). [Prob. denominated from הָלְאָה (= farther, further, beyond).]

נַהֲלוֹל, נַהֲלֹל m.n. pasture (?) thorn (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 7:19). [Formed from נהל (= to lead, guide), through reduplication of the third radical.]

נָהֳלִי adj. NH procedural. [Formed from נֹהַל.]

נהם to growl, groan.
    — Qal - נָהַם it growled (said of a lion), groaned (said of a sufferer).
    — Pi. - נִהֵם it cooed, moaned.
    — Hiph. - הִנְהִים PBH 1 it growled; NH 2 he made growl.
    — Hith. - הִתְנַהֵם he (or it) growled. [Aram.-Syr. נְהַם (= ‘it roared’, said of a lion; ‘it moaned’, said of a dove), Arab. nahama (= it growled — said of a lion).] Derivatives: נַהַם, נְהָמָה, נְהִימָה.

נַֽהַם m.n. growling (in the Bible occurring only Pr. 19:12; 20:2). [From נהם.]

נַהֲמָא m.n. PBH bread. [Aram., prob. borrowed from Pers. nān (= bread).]

נְהָמָה f.n. 1 growling. 2 roaring (of the sea). [Formed from נהם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נֶהֱנֶה adj. MH enjoyer, beneficiary. [Part. of נֶהֱנָה (= he enjoyed), Niph. of הנה.] Derivative: נֶהֶנְתָן.

נֶהֶנְתָן m.n. PBH hedonist. [Formed from נֶהֱנֶה (q.v.), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: נֶהֶנְתָנוּת, נֶהֶנְתָנִי.

נֶהֶנְתָנוּת f.n. NH hedonism. [Formed from נֶהֶנְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

נֶהֶנְתָנִי adj. NH hedonistic. [Formed from נֶהֶנְתָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

נַהֲפוֹךְ adv. on the contrary (short for נַהֲפוֹךְ הוּא, ‘the contrary happened’). [Inf. Niph. of הפך.]

נהק to bray (said of an ass).
    — Qal - נָהַק 1 it brayed (said of an ass); 2 he cried (said of a man). [Aram. נְהַק (= he cried out), Ugar. nhqt (= braying of an ass), Arab. nahaqa (= it brayed — said of an ass), Ethiop. nehqa (of s.m.). Related to נהג ᴵᴵ, possibly also to נאק.] Derivatives: נַהַק, נְהָקָה, נְהִיקָה.

נַֽהַק m.n. NH braying of an ass. [From נהק.]

נְהָקָה f.n. MH braying of an ass. [Formed from נהק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

נהר ᴵ to flow, stream.
    — Qal - נָהַר it flowed, streamed.
    — Hiph. - הִנְהִיר he made to flow, made to stream.
    — Hoph. - הִנְהִיר was made to flow, was made to stream. [Denominated from נָהָר, as Arab. nahara (= it flowed) is denominated from nahr (= river).] Derivative: נְהִירָה ᴵ.

נהר ᴵᴵ to shine, beam.
    — Qal - נָהַר it shone, beamed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 60:5). [Aram.-Syr. נְהַר (= it shone), Arab. nahr (= daytime), nahār (= day, daytime). Related to נור.] Derivatives: נְהָרָה ᴵ, נְהוֹר, נָהִיר, נְהִירָה ᴵᴵ, הַנְהָרָה.

נָהָר m.n. (pl. נֽהָרוֹת, also נְהָרִים) . [Related to BAram. נְהַר, Aram.-Syr. נַהֲרָא, Ugar. nhr, Arab. nahr, OSArab. נהר, Akka. nāru (= river).] Derivatives: נהר ᴵ, נְהָרָה ᴵᴵ, נַהֲרוֹנִית. cp. נַהֲרָא.

נַהֲרָא m.n. PBH river. [Aram. See נָהָר.]

נְהָרָה ᴵ f.n. light, daylight (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 3:4). [From נהר ᴵᴵ. cp. Aram. נְהוֹרָא, Syr. נוּהְרָא (= light).]

נְהָרָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH a small river. [Formed from נָהָר with first suff. ◌ָה.]

נַהֲרוֹנִית f.n. NH Potamogeton (a genus of plants). [Formed from נָהָר (= river), with suff. ◌וֹן; so called because it is found in rivers. cp. the scientific name Potamogeton, which is compounded of Gk. potamos (= river), and geiton (= neighbor).]

נוא to hinder, restrain. Arab. nā’a (= he rose against someone, refused), Akkad. ne’ū (= to turn).
    — Hiph. - הֵנִיא 1 he hindered, restrained, prevented; 2 he brought to nought.
    — Hoph. - הוּנָא was brought to nought, was frustrated. Derivatives: הֲנָאָה ᴵᴵ, תְּנוּאָה.

נוֹאִית f.n. NH Noea (a genus of plants). [Hebraization of the scientific name.]

נוֹאָל adj. PBH foolish, stupid. [Part. of נוֹאֵל (= he was foolish, acted foolishly), Niph. of יאל ᴵ.]

נוֹאֵם m.n. NH speaker. [Active part. of נָאַם. See נאם.]

נוֹאֵף m.n. adulterer. [Subst. use of the active part. of נָאַף. See נאף.]

נוֹאֶֽפֶת f.n. adultress. [F. of נוֹאֵף (q.v.).]

נוֹאָשׁ adj. desperate, hopeless. [Part. of נוֹאַשׁ (= he despaired), Niph. of יאשׁ.]

נוב to bear fruit.
    — Qal - נָב 1 it bore fruit; 2 he uttered, spoke (in this latter sense, according to Barth, the verb derives from a base נוב, ‘to speak’, which is related to base נבא).
    — Pol. - נוֹבֵב 1 he caused to sprout, caused to flourish; MH 2 he spoke, uttered; NH 3 he made eloquent.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְנוֹבֵב it flourished.
    — Hiph. - הֵנִיב it bore fruit, produced. [Aram. נוֹבָא (= fruit), Arab. naba’a (= was high, was raised).] Derivatives: נִיב ᴵ, נִיבָה ᴵᴵ, הֲנָבָה, תְּנוּבָה. cp. תנב.

נוֹבֶלָּה f.n. FW short story. [It. novella, from L. novella (= new things), neuter pl. of novelus (= new), used as a f. sing. noun. Novellus is dimin. of novus (= new), which is related to Gk. neos (= new). See נֵיאוֹ◌.]

נוֹבֶלִּיסְט m.n. FW short stories writer. [See נוֹבֶלָּה and suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

נוֹבֶֽלֶת f.n. 1 unripe fruit falling off the tree. PBH 2 substitute, surrogate. [Subst. use of the f. part. of נָבַל. See נבל ᴵ.]

נוֹבֶמְבֶּר m.n. FW November. [L. November (mēnsis), lit.: ‘the ninth month’ (of the Roman year), from novem (= nine). (The Roman year began with March). See ‘nine’ in my CEDEL. cp. סֶפְּטֶמְבֶּר, אוֹקְטוֹבֶּר, דֶּצֶמְבֶּר.]

נוֹבֵֽעַ adj. 1 flowing, bubbling up. NH 2 derived, resulting.

נוֹגֵד adj. NH contrasting, opposing. [Active part. of נָגַד.] Derivative: נוֹגְדָן.

נוֹגְדָן m.n. NH antibody. [Formed from נוֹגֵד with suff. ◌ָן.]

נוּגֶה adj. grieved, sad, gloomy. [Part. Niph. of יגה (= to be grieved, suffer).]

נוֹגֵן m.n. player, musician. [Qal part. of נגן.]

נוֹגֵֽעַ adj. NH 1 touching. 2 tangential (mathematics). [Active part. of נָגַע. See נגע ᴵ.]