י The tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name ‘Yodh’, ‘Yod’, is related to יָד (= hand); so called in allusion to the ancient Hebrew form of this letter. In PBH it has the numerical value ten. Alternates sometimes with א (see the introductory article to letter א).

 

◌י subst. suff. See ◌ַאי.

 

יאב to long, desire.

    — Qal - יָאַב he longed, desired (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 119:131 in the form יָאָבְתִּי). [Related to אבה. cp. תאב.] Derivative: יַאַב.

 

יַֽאַב m.n. MH longing, desire. [From יאב.]

 

יאה to befit, become.

    — Qal - יָאָה it befitted, was befitting, became (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 10:7 in the form יָאָתָה).

    — Hith. - הִתְיָאָה was befitting. [Aram. יָאֵי (= fitting, fine).] Derivatives: יָאֶה, יָאוּת.

 

יָאֶה adj. PBH befitting, becoming, proper. [From יאה.]

 

יָאוּל m.n. FW yawl. [Dutch jol. Of unknown origin.]

 

יְאוֹר m.n. (pl. יְאוֹרִים, also יְאוֹרוֹת) canal, river; the Nile. [Egypt, yrw, from earlier ytrw.]

 

יֵאוּשׁ m.n. PBH despair, despondency, resignation. [Verbal n. of יֵאֵשׁ (= he caused despair), Pi. of יאשׁ.]

 

יָאוּת adj. & adv. PBH befitting, proper; befittingly, properly. [From יאה.]

 

יאל ᴵ base formed from ואל.

    — Niph. - נוֹאַל he was foolish, acted foolishly. [A secondary form of אול ᴵᴵ (= to be foolish).] Derivative: נוֹאָל.

 

יאל ᴵᴵ to be willing, consent.

    — Hiph. - הוֹאִיל he was willing, consented. [Orig. prob. meaning ‘to be in front’, and related to אול ᴵ.]

 

יאשׁ to despair.

    — Qal - יָאַשׁ he despaired.

    — Niph. - נוֹאַשׁ he despaired.

    — Pi. - יֵאֵשׁ he made despair.

    — Pu. - יֻאֵשׁ was made to despair.

    — Hiph. - הִתְיָאֵשׁ he despaired, gave up hope. [Aram. יָאֵשׁ (= he made despair), Arab. ya’isa, Ethiop. ē’sa (= he despaired).] Derivatives: יֵאוּשׁ, הִוָּאֲשׁוּת, מְיֻאָשׁ, נוֹאָשׁ.

 

יבא to import.

    — Pi. - יִבֵּא he imported.

    — Pu. - יֻבָּא was imported. [Denominated from יְבוּא.] Derivatives: יִבּוּא, מְיֻבָּא. cp. antonym יצא.

 

יבב to cry, lament.

    — Pi. - יִבֵּב 1 he cried, sobbed, lamented (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 5:28 in the form וַתְּיַבֵּב); PBH 2 he bewailed, mourned for.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַבֵּב he wailed. [Aram.-Syr. יַבֵּב (= he shouted, blew the horn, sounded the trumpet), Arab. abbata, habbaba, Ethiop. yababa (= he exulted).] Derivatives: יַבָּבָה, יִבּוּב.

 

יַבָּבָה f.n. PBH wailing, lamentation. [Verbal n. of יִבֵּב (= he cried, lamented). See יבב and first suff. ◌ָה. The form יֽבָבָה, occurring in the dictionaries, is wrong. The word derives from the Pi. יִבֵּב and its correct form, therefore, is יַבָּבָה. cp. בֶּהָלָה from בִּהֵל, בַּקָּרָה from בִּקֵּר, בַּקָּשָׁה from בִּקֵּשׁ, נֶאָצָה ᴵᴵ from נִאֵץ, נֶחָמָה ᴵᴵᴵ from נִחֵם, כַּוָּנָה ᴵ from כִּוֵּן, סַכָּנָה from סִכֵּן, קַבָּלָה from קִבֵּל, תַּקָּנָה from תִּקֵּן.]

 

יִבּוּא m.n. NH importation. [Verbal n. of יִבֵּא. cp. יִצּוּא, the antonym of יִבּוּא.]

 

יְבוּא m.n. NH import. [Coined by the Hebrew poet H.N. Bialik, 1873–1934, from בּוֹא (= to come). cp. יִבֵּא, הֲבָאָה. cp. also the antonym יְצוּא.]

 

יְבוּאָן m.n. NH importer. [Formed from יְבוּא with suff. ◌ָן. cp. the antonym יְצוּאָן.]

 

יִבּוּב m.n. NH crying, wailing, sobbing. [Verbal n. of יִבֵּב (= he cried, lamented). See יבב.]

 

יְבוּל m.n. produce, yield, fruit. [Prob. from יבל ᴵ (= to bear, carry), hence lit. meaning ‘that which is brought in or gathered in’. cp. יְקוּם, יְתוּר. For the sense development cp. תְּבוּאָה (= product, yield, lit.: ‘that which is brought in’), from בּוֹא (= to come). cp. בּוּל ᴵ, בּוּל ᴵᴵ.]

 

יִבּוּל ᴵ m.n. NH weeding. [Verbal n. of יִבֵּל (= he weeded), Pi. of יבל ᴵᴵ.]

 

יִבּוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. NH covering with corns, making callous. [Verbal n. of יִבֵּל. See יבל ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

יִבּוּל ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. NH celebrating the jubilee of. [Verbal n. of יִבֵּל (= he celebrated the jubilee of), Pi. of יבל ᴵⱽ.]

 

יִבּוּם m.n. PBH levirate marriage. [Verbal n. of יִבֵּם. See יבם.]

 

יִבּוּשׁ m.n. NH drying, drainage. [Verbal n. of יִבֵּשׁ (= he dried, drained), Pi. of יבשׁ.]

 

יַבְחוּשׁ m.n. PBH a kind of gnat. [A derivative of בחשׁ in the sense ‘to grope’.]

 

יָבִיל adj. NH transportable. [Coined from יבל ᴵ (= to bear, carry), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: יְבִילוּת.

 

יְבִילוּת m.n. NH transportability. [Formed from יָבִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יבל ᴵ to bear, carry, conduct.

    — Hiph. - הוֹבִיל 1 he carried, brought; 2 he led, conducted, transported.

    — Hoph. - הוּבַל 1 was carried, was brought; 2 was led, was transported. [Aram. יַבֵּל, אוֹבֵל, Syr. יַבֵּל (= he carried), Ugar. ybl (= to bring), Akka. abālu, babālu (= to carry, bring), prob. also Arab. wabala (= it poured down — said of rain).] Derivatives: יָבִיל, יָבָל, יוֹבֵל, יוּבַל, הוֹבָלָה, מוֹבִיל, תּוֹבָלָה. cp. מַבּוּל. cp. Also תֵּבֵל.

 

יבל ᴵᴵ to cut off weeds.

    — Pi. - יִבֵּל he cut off weeds. [Denominated from יַבְּלִית.]

 

יבל ᴵᴵᴵ to cause corns to grow.

    — Pi. - יִבֵּל he caused corns to grow, made callous.

    — Pu. - יֻבַּל was covered with corns, was made callous. [Denominated from יַבֶּלֶת.] Derivative: מְיֻבָּל ᴵ.

 

יבל ᴵⱽ to celebrate the jubilee of.

    — Pi. - יִבֵּל he celebrated the jubilee of.

    — Pu. - יֻבַּל his jubilee was celebrated. [Denominated from יוֹבֵל.] Derivative: מְיֻבָּל ᴵᴵ.

 

יָבָל m.n. watercourse, stream. [From יבל ᴵ. cp. Arab. wābil (= rain pouring down). cp. יוּבַל.]

 

יַבְלוּלִי adj. NH covered with corns, warty, calloused. [From יַבֶּלֶת. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יַבְּלִית f.n. PBH Cynodon (plant). [Of uncertain origin.] Derivative: יבל ᴵᴵ

 

יַבְּלָנִי adj. NH covered with warts. [From יַבֶּלֶת. For the ending see suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

יַבֶּֽלֶת f.n. ulcer, corn, wart (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 22:22). [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps lit. meaning ‘a running sore’, and derived from יבל ᴵ.] Derivatives: יבל ᴵᴵᴵ, יַבְלוּלִי, יַבּֽלָנִי. cp. יְבֹלֶת.

 

יְבֹֽלֶת f.n. PBH corn, wart. [A secondary form of יַבֶּלֶת.]

 

יָבָם m.n. husband’s brother, brother-in-law. [Aram. יֽבָמָא. Of unknown etymology.] Derivatives: יבם, יְבָמָה, יַבְמוּת.

 

יבם to marry one’s brother’s widow.

    — Pi. - יִבֵּם he married his brother’s widow.

    — Nith. - נִתְיַבְּמָה she married her deceased husband’s brother. [Denominated from יָבָם.] Derivative: יִבּוּם.

 

יְבָמָה f.n. 1 brother’s wife, sister-in-law. PBH 2 brother’s widow who died without issue. [f. of יָבָם.]

 

יַבְמוּת f.n. PBH levirate marriage. [Formed from יָבָם with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יֵבְרֽוּחַ m.n. PBH mandrake. [Aram.–Syr. יַבְרוּחָא, whence also Arab. yabrūḥ (= mandrake).]

 

יבשׁ to be dry, be dried up.

    — Qal - יָבֵשׁ was dry, was dried up, withered.

    — Pi. - יִבֵּשׁ he dried up, drained.

    — Pu. - יֻבַּשׁ was dried up, was drained.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַבֵּשׁ was dried up, became dry, withered.

    — Hiph. - הוֹבִישׁ he caused to dry up, dried. [Aram. יֽבֵשׁ (= was dry), BAram. יַבֶּשֶׁת (= dry land). Arab. yabisa, Ethiop. yabasa (= was dry). cp. אֲבָשִׁים.] Derivatives: יִבּוּשׁ, יָבֵשׁ, יֹבֶשׁ, יַבָּשָׁה, יַבֶּשֶׁת, יוֹבְשָׁנִי, הוֹבָשָׁה, הִתֽיַבְּשׁוּת, מְיֻבָּשׁ.

 

יָבֵשׁ adj. dry, dried up. [From יבשׁ.]

 

יֹֽבֶשׁ m.n. MH dryness, drought. [From יבשׁ.]

 

יַבָּשָׁה f.n. dry land. [From יבשׁ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. BAram. יַבֶּשֶׁת, Aram. יַבַּשְׁתָּא, Syr. יַבִּישֽׁתָּא (= dry land).]

 

יְבֵשׁוּת f.n. MH dryness. [Formed from יבשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יָבְשָׁנִי adj. PBH dry. [Formed from יבשׁ with suff. ◌ָנִי. The form יוֹבְשָׁנִי is wrong. There can be no ‘Holam’ in an unaccented closed syllable. cp. הָדִּי (= Indian) and not הֹדִי.]

 

יְבֹֽשֶת f.n. NH 1 dryness, drought. 2 xerosis, xeroderma (disease). [Formed from יבשׁ with suff. ◌ָת.]

 

יַבֶּֽשֶׁת f.n. 1 dry land. NH 2 continent. [From יבשׁ.] Derivative: יַבַּשְׁתִּי.

 

יַבַּשְׁתִּי adj. NH dry, continental. [Formed from יַבֶּשֶׁת with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יגב to till the ground, cultivate the land. [Of uncertain origin; occurring only in the Qal part. יוֹגֵב (q.v.).] Derivatives: יָגֵב, יְגִיבָה.

 

יָגֵב m.n. field, cultivated land (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 39:10 in the pl.). [From יגב.]

 

יגה to be grieved, suffer.

    — Niph. (is used only in the part.; see . - נוּגֶה ).

    — Pi. - יִגָּה he vexed, grieved.

    — Hiph. - הוֹגֶה he caused grief or sorrow, oppressed. [Perhaps related to Arab. wajija (= suffered pain in his hoof — said of a horse).] Derivatives: יָגוֹן, מוֹגֶה, נוּגֶה, תּוּגָה.

 

יָגוּאָר f.n. FW jaguar. [Tupi yaguara, a name denoting any larger beast of prey. In its modern zoological sense (‘Felis Onca’) the name jaguar was first used by the French naturalist Comte Georges-Louis Leclerc Buffon, 1707–88.]

 

יָגוֹן m.n. (pl. יְגוֹנִים, also יְגוֹנוֹת) grief, sorrow. [Formed from יגה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract noun.] Derivative: יגן.

 

יָגוּן adj. MH grieved, sorrowful. [Pass. part. of יָגַן. See יגן.]

 

יָגוֹר adj. fearing, fearful, afraid. [Part. of יָגַר. See יגר.]

 

יְגִיבָה f.n. MH work in the field. [From גיב. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יָגִֽיעַ adj. weary, exhausted (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 3:17 in the phrase יֽגִיעֵי כֹחַ (= the weary). From יגע.

 

יְגִֽיעַ m.n. 1 labor, toil. 2 product, produce, acquired property. [From יגע.]

 

יְגִיעָה f.n. labor, toil, wearying (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 12:12 in the form יְגִעַת). [Verbal n. of יָגַע. See יגע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יגן to be grieved, be sorrowful.

    — Qal - יָגַן he was grieved, was sorrowful.

    — Pu. - יֻגַּן was affected with grief or sorrow.

    — Nith. - נִתֽיַגֵּן (of s.m.). [Denominated from יָגוֹן.] Derivative: מְיֻגָּן.

 

יגע to toil, be or grow weary.

    — Qal - יָגַע 1 he toiled, labored; 2 he was weary, grew weary.

    — Pi. - יִגַּע he tired out, wearied.

    — Pu. - יֻגַּע was tired out, was wearied.

    — Nith. - נִתְיַגַּע he wearied himself, became tired.

    — Hoph. - הוֹגִיעַ he was made to toil, wearied. [Akka. ēgu (= to grow weary), Arab. waji‘a (= he had pain, suffered).] Derivatives: יָגִיעַ, יֽגִיעַ, יְגִיעָה, יָגָע, יָגֵעַ, יֶגַע, הוֹגָעָה, הִתְיַגּֽעוּת, מְיַגֵּעַ, מְיֻגָּע.

 

יָגָע m.n. product of labor, acquired property (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 20:18). [From יגע.]

 

יָגַֽעַ adj. weary, exhausted. [From יגע.]

 

יֶגֲע m.n. PBH toil, labor, weariness, exhaustion. [From יגע.]

 

יגר to be afraid, fear.

    — Qal - יָגֹר was afraid, feared (the imperfect and imperative are formed from גור ᴵᴵ). [Arab. wajira (= he feared). Related to גור ᴵᴵ.]

 

יְגַר m.n. heap of stones (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 31:47 in the phrase יְגַר שָׂהֲדוּתָא — heap of witness). [Aram. cp. Aram.–Syr. יַגְרָא (= heap of stones), Ethiop. wagara (= he threw together).]

 

יָד f.n. (pl. יָדַיִם in sense 1, יָדוֹת in the other senses) 1 hand, arm. 2 foreleg. PBH 3 handle. 4 stem (of a fruit). NH 5 monument, place. 6 power, strength. 7 part, portion, share. 8 fold. [Related to Aram. and BAram. יַד, יֽדָא, Syr. יַד, אִידָא, Ugar. yd, Arab. yad, Ethiop. ’ ed, Akka. ittu (= side).] Derivatives: יָדָה (n.), יְדוֹנִית, יָדוּת, יָדִי, יַדֽיָן, יָדִית. cp. מִיָּד and לִידֵי. cp. also אַיֽדֵי.

 

ידד to be friends, become friends.

    — Pu. - יֻדַּד (see מְיֻדָּד).

    — Hith. - הִתֽיַדֵּד he became a friend. [Denominated from יָדִיד.] Derivative: הִתְיַדְּדוּת.

 

ידה ᴵ to confess, give thanks.

    — Hiph. - הוֹדָה 1 he gave thanks, praised, lauded; 2 he confessed.

    — Hith. - הִתֽוַדָּה he confessed, made confession.

    — Pi. (back formation from the Hith.) . - וִדָּה he confessed (tr. v.), he confessed (intr. v.).

    — Pu. - וֻרָּה was confessed. [Aram.-Syr. אוֹדִי (= he praised, confessed), Arab. istauda(y) (= he confessed).] Derivatives: הוֹד, הוֹדָאָה, הוֹדוֹת, הוֹדָיָה, הֻיְּדוֹת, הִתֽוַרּוּת, וִדּוּי, תּוֹדָה.

 

ידה ᴵᴵ to throw, hurl, cast.

    — Qal - יָדָה he threw, hurled, cast.

    — Pi. - יִדָּה he threw, hurled, cast. [Arab. wada(y) (= he stretched out), Ethiop. wadaya (= he threw, cast); perhaps enlarged from יָד (= hand).] Derivative: יִדּוּי.

 

יָדָה f.n. NH cuff. [Formed from יָד (= hand), with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְדוּג f.n. NH fishing haul. [Formed from דוג (= to fish), an analogy of יְקוּם (= substance), which derives from קום (= to stand up).]

 

יְדוד f.n. MH spark. [Back formation from כִּידוֹד (as if the כ were a conjunction).]

 

יִדּוּי m.n. NH throwing, hurling. [Verbal n. of יִדָּה, Pi. of ידה ᴵᴵ.]

 

יְדוֹנִית f.n. NH 1 muffle. 2 handcuff. [Formed from יָד (= hand), with suff. ◌וֹנִית.]

 

יָדֽוּעַ adj. 1 known, well-known. NH 2 certain. [Pass. part. of יָדַע. See ידע and cp. the second element in מַדּוּעַ.]

 

יַדּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH name of an animal whose bones were used by soothsayers. [Prob. related to יִדְּעוֹנִי. In the Bible יַדּוּעַ is a proper name.]

 

יִדּֽוּעַ m.n. NH making definite (grammar). [Verbal n. of יִדַּע, Pi. of ידע.]

 

יָדוּת f.n. NH handedness (used in the compound דּוּ־יָדוּת (= ambidexterity, lit.: ‘both-handedness’). [Compounded of דּוּ (= both) and יָדוּת (= handedness), which is formed from יָד (= hand) with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יְדוּתוּן m.n. ‘yeduthun’ (name of a musical instrument mentioned in the Bible). [Perhaps derived from ידה ᴵ.]

 

יָדִי f.n. NH handed; used in the compound דּוּ־יָדִי (= both-handed, ambidextrous; lit.: ‘both-handed’). [Compounded of דּוּ (= both) and יָדִי (= handed), which is formed from יָד (= hand), with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יָדִיד m.n. friend, beloved. [Related to Ugar. ydd (= friend, beloved), Syr. יַדֵּד, Arab. wadda (= he loved), OSArab. ודד (= to love), Akka. namaddu (= beloved).] Derivatives: ידד, יְדִידוֹת, יְדִידוּת.

 

יְדִידוֹת f.n. friendship (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 45:1). [From יָדִיד.]

 

יְדִידוּת f.n. MH friendship. [Formed from יָדִיד with suff. ◌וּת.] Derivative: יֽדִידוּתִי.

 

יְדִידוּתִי adj. NH friendly. [Formed from יְדִידוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יַדְיָן m.n. NH fistcuffer, an aggressive or pugnacious person. [Formed from יָד (= hand), with suff. ◌יָן.]

 

יַדְיָנִית f.n. NH an aggressive or pugnacious woman. [Formed from יַדֽיָן with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

יְדִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 knowledge. 2 information, news. [Verbal n. of יָדַע. See ידע and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: יְדִיעוֹן.

 

יְדִיעוֹן m.n. NH bulletin. [Formed from יְדִיעָה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

יָדִית f.n. NH 1 handle. 2 manubrium (anatomy and zoology). [Lit.: ‘a little hand’. Formed from יָד (= hand), with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

יִדְלוּל m.n. NH yodel. [Verbal n. of יִדֽלֵל, Pi. of ידלל.]

 

ידלל to yodel.

    — Pi. - יִדְלֵל he yodeled. [Ger jodeln. Formed from * yo-, an imitative base expressing joy.]

 

ידע to know.

    — Qal - יָדַע 1 he knew, learned to know; 2 he perceived, observed; 3 he considered; 4 he became acquainted with; 5 he had sexual intercourse with; 6 he knew how (to do a thing).

    — Niph. - נוֹדַע 1 was made known, was known, became known; 2 was perceived.

    — Pi. - יִדַּע 1 he assigned, appointed. NH 2 he made definite (grammar); MH 3 he made known; NH 4 he informed.

    — Pu. - יֻדַּע MH 1 was made known; NH 2 was made definite (grammar), was provided with the definite article; 3 was informed.

    — Hith. - הִתֽוַדַּע 1 he made himself known; MH 2 he became known; 3 he became acquainted.

    — Hiph. - הוֹדִיעַ 1 he made known, declared; 2 he announced, informed; 3 he punished.

    — Hoph. - הוּדַע, הוֹדַע was made known. [BAram. and Aram. יֽדַע (= he knew), Ugar. yd‘, Akka. idū (= to know), Ethiop. ’ayde‘a (= he made known). cp. the first element in מִידֵי ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: דֵּעַ, דֵּעָה, דַּעַת, יֶדַע, יָדוּעֵ, יִדּוּעַ, יִדְּעוֹנִי, יַדֽעוּת, יְדִיעָה, יַדְעָן, יוֹדְעָנִים, הוֹדָעָה, הִתֽוַדְּעוּת, מַדָּע, מוּדָע, מוֹרָע, מוֹדָעָה, מוֹדִיעִין, מֽיֻדָּע, מֵידָע, נוֹדָע, תּוֹדָעָה. cp. third element in עַדְלָיָדָע and the second element in מַדּוּעַ and in תְּאַבֽדֵע.

 

יֶדֲע m.n. NH knowledge, expertise. [From ידע.]

 

יִדְּעוֹנִי m.n. familiar spirit; soothsayer. [Prob. from ידע and lit. meaning ‘knowing’, ‘wise’, or ‘familiar’, ‘intimate’. cp. יַדּוּעַ.]

 

יַדְעוּת f.n. NH conscience, consciousness. [Formed from ידע with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַדְעָן m.n. NH an erudite person, scholar. [Formed from ידע with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: יַדְעָנוּת.

 

יַדְעָנוּת f.n. NH erudition, wide knowledge. [Formed from יַדֽעָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יִדְּעֹנִי see יִדְּעוֹנִי.

 

יָהּ ᴵ m.n. shortened form of the Tetragrammaton.

 

יָהּ ᴵᴵ interj. PBH woe! [Of imitative origin.]

 

◌יָה FW suff. rendering Gk. - ia (as in אֲנוֹמַלְיָה), L. - ia (as in אִינְטֶלִּיגֶנְצְיָה), and L. - iō (as in אִינְטֶרְוֶנְצְיָה).

 

◌ִיָּה NH suff. used in to form nouns from other nouns, meaning ‘a place for’ or ‘occupation of’, as in נַגָּרִיָּה (= carpentry), from נַגָּר (= carpenter), נַפָּחִיָּה (= smithy), from נַפָּח (= smith). This suff. appears in the Bible before all in verbal nouns formed from ל״ה verbs, as in כְּוִיָּה (= burning), צְדִיָּה (= lying-in-wait), רְמִיָּה (= deceit, treachery). The Arab. equivalent of this suff. is - iyya; cp. e.g. baliyya (= trial, tribulation), shakiyya (= complaint). Otherwise this suff. occurs only accidentally in the Bible, as in אֳנִיָּה (= ship), עָזְנִיָּה (= osprey), עֲלִילִיָּה (= deed, action), פְּלִילִיָּה (= judging).

 

יהב to give.

    — Qal imperative . - הַב , emphatic form הָבָה. See הַב, הָבָה, and cp. הַבֽהָב, יְהָב. [BAram. and Aram.–Syr. יֽהַב, Arab. wahaba, Ethiop. wahāba (= he gave), OSArab. והב (= to give).]

 

יְהָב m.n. load, burden (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 55:23 in the form יֽהָבְךָ). [Lit. prob. meaning ‘that which is given’, and a derivative of base יהב (q.v.).]

 

יהד to convert to Judaism.

    — Pi. - יִהֵד he converted to Judaism.

    — Pu. - יֻהַד was converted to Judaism.

    — Hith. - הִתֽיַהֵד NH 1 he became a Jew; 2 he pretended to be a Jew (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Est. 8:17 in the form מִתֽיַהֲדִים). [Denominated from יְהוּדִי.] Derivatives: יִהוּד, הִתֽיַהֲדוּת, מֽיֻהָד.

 

יַהֲדוּת f.n. PBH Judaism. [From יֽהוּדִי. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.] Derivative: יַהֲדוּתִי.

 

יַהֲדוּתִי adj. NH Jewish. [Formed from יַהֲדוּת with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יַהֲדוּתִיּוּת.

 

יַהֲדוּתִיּוּת f.n. NH Jewishness. [Formed from יַהֲדוּת with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יִהוּד m.n. NH converting to Judaism. [Verbal n. of יִהֵד. See יהד.]

 

יְהוּדַאי (pl. יְהוּדָאִין) Jew. [Aram., formed on the analogy of Heb. יְהוּדִי.]

 

יְהוּדוֹן m.n. NH sheeny, kike (a derogatory name for a Jew). (Formed from יְהוּדָי with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

יְהוּדִי m.n. & adj. 1 Judaean. 2 Jew. PBH 3 Jewish. [Formed from the proper name יֽהוּדָה with gentilic suff. ◌ִי. יְהוּדָי orig. meant ‘member of the tribe Judah’, later also ‘member of the Kingdom of Judah’. When after the conquest of the Kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians in 722 B.C.E. only the Kingdom of Judah survived, יֽהוּדִי came to denote ‘Jew’, resp. ‘Jewish’. cp. ‘Judaic’, ‘Jew’, ‘Chueta’ and ‘Yiddish’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: יֽהוּדוֹן, יְהוּדִית, יהד, יַהֲדוּת. cp. יְהוּדַאי.

 

יְהוּדִית f.n. 1 the Hebrew language. NH 2 Yiddish. NH 3 ‘Ladino’. [Properly subst. use of the f. of יֽהוּדִי.]

 

יְהוָֹה, יֱהוִֹה m.n. the proper name of God in the Bible, Tetragrammaton. [It prob. derives from הוה (= to be). The usual transliteration ‘Jehovah’ is based on the supposition that the Tetragrammaton is the imperfect Qal or Hiph‘il of הוה and lit. means ‘the one who is’, ‘the existing’, resp. ‘who calls into existence’. In reality, however, the pronunciation and literal meaning of the Tetragrammaton is unknown. cp. יָהּ ᴵ.]

 

יָהִיר adj. proud, haughty, arrogant. [Related to Aram. יֽהַר (= was haughty), יְהִירָא (= haughty), Arab. istayhara (= was insane).] Derivatives: יהר, יְהִירוּת.

 

יְהִירוּת f.n. pride, haughtiness, arrogance. [Formed from יָהִיר with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. יֽהִירוּתָא, ‘haughtiness, arrogance’.]

 

יַהֲלוֹם, יַהֲלֹם m.n. 1 a precious stone, possibly the jasper (so in Septuaginta and Vulgata). NH 2 diamond.

 

יַהֲלוֹמָן m.n. NH 1 diamond merchant. 2 diamond cutter, diamond polisher. [Formed from יַהֲלוֹם with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: יַהֲלוֹמָנוּת.

 

יַהֲלוֹמָנוּת f.n. NH 1 diamond trade. 2 diamond industry. [Formed from יַהֲלוֹמָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יהר to be proud, haughty, arrogant.

    — Hith. - הִתֽיַהֵר was proud, was haughty, was arrogant. [Back formation from יָהִיר.] Derivative: יָהֳרָה.

 

יָהֳרָה f.n. NH pride, haughtiness, arrogance. [Formed from יהר with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: יָהֳרָן.

 

יָהֳרָן m.n. NH a haughty or arrogant person. [Formed from יָהֳרָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: יָהֳרָנוּת.

 

יָהֳרָנוּת f.n. NH haughtiness, arrogance. [Formed from יָהֳרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יוֹבֵל ᴵ m.n. ram; ram’s horn. [Prob. derived from יבל ᴵ (= to bear, carry), and orig. meaning ‘leader of the flock, bellwether’.]

 

יוֹבֵל ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. יוֹבֽלִים, also יוֹבְלוֹת) , jubilee, year of jubilee. [From יוֹבֵל ᴵ; so called because the year of jubilee was proclaimed by blowing the ram’s horn (Lev. 25:9).]

 

יוּבָל m.n. stream (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 17:8). [From יבל ᴵ. cp. יָבָל, אוּבָל and אָבֵל ᴵᴵ.]

 

יוֹבְלִי adj. NH of a jubilee. [Formed from יוֹבֵל with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יוֹבְשָׁנִי adj. see יָבְשָׁנִי.

 

יוֹגֵב m.n. husbandman, farmer. (Occurring only in Jer. 52:16 and Kin. II 25:12 in the pl.). [Properly a part. of יָגַב. See יגב.]

 

יוֹגָה f.n. FW yoga. [Old I. yóga- (= a yoking, union), from yunákti (= harnesses, yokes, joins), which is related to yugám (= yoke), and cogn. with Hittite jugan, Gk. zugon, L. jugum, Old Eng. geoc (= yoke). See ‘yoke’ in my CEDEL.]

 

יוֹגוּרְט m.n. FW yoghurt, yoghourt, yogurt. [Turkish yoğurt.]

 

יוֹד ᴵ, יוּד f.n. PBH (pl. יוֹדִין, יוּדִין) ‘yodh’, ‘yod’ — name of the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. [Related to יָד (= hand); so called in allusion to the ancient Hebrew form of this letter.]

 

יוֹד ᴵᴵ m.n. FW iodine (chemistry). [Fren. iode, coined by its discoverer, the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811, from Gk. ioeides (= like a violet), from ion (= violet), and oeides (= like), from eidos (= form, shape): so called by him from the color of its vapor. Gk. ion is prob. a Mediterranean loan word. For the etymology of Gk. eidos see אִידֵאָה.]

 

יוּדָאִיקָה f.n. NH Judaica. [Late L. Jūdaica, from L. Jüdaicus, from Gk. Ioudaikos (= Jewish), from Ioudaios (= Jew), from Aram. יֽהוּדַאי, from Heb. יְהוּדִי (= Jew), orig. meaning ‘of the tribe of Judah’, from יְהוּדָה (= Judah).]

 

יוֹדוֹפוֹרְם m.n. FW iodoform. [A blend of יוֹד ᴵᴵ and כּֽלוֹרוֹפוֹרָם.]

 

יוֹדִיד m.n. FW iodide. [From יוֹד ᴵᴵ.]

 

יוֹדְעָנִים m.n. pl. MH the Gnostics. [Formed from יוֹדֵעַ, part. of יָדַע (= he knew), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

יִוּוּן m.n. NH Hellenization. [Verbal n. of יִוֵּן. See יון.]

 

יוֹזֵם m.n. NH initiator. [Properly part. of יָזַם. See יזם.] Derivative: יוֹזְמָנִי.

 

יוֹזְמָנִי adj. NH initiatory. [Formed from יוֹזֵם with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

יוֹחֲסִין see יֹחַס.

 

יוּטָה f.n. FW jute. [Bengali joto, juto, from Old I. jūtaḥ (= twisted hair), which is related to jáṭā (= braid of hair). Of uncertain, prob. non-Aryan, origin.]

 

יוֹכָנִי, בַּר־יוֹכָנִי m.n. PBH name of a legendary bird. [Of unknown origin.]

 

יוֹלֵדָה, יוֹלֶֽדֶת f.n. woman in confinement; mother. [Properly f. part. of יָלַד. See ילד.]

 

יוֹלְדִים m.n. pl. PBH parents. [Properly m. pl. part. of יָלַד. See ילד.]

 

יוֹלֶֽדֶת see יוֹלֵדָה.

 

יוּלִי m.n. FW July. [L. Jūlius(mēnsis), lit.: ‘month of Julius Caesar’. It was orig. the fifth month of the year and was therefore called Quintīlis from quintus (= fifth). It was renamed in honor of Julius Caesar, who was born in this month.]

 

יוּלְיָנִי adj. FW Julian. [L. Jūliānus (= of, or belonging to, Julius Caesar).]

 

יוֹם m.n. (pl. יָמִים) 1 day. 2 time. 3 year. [Related to BAram., Aram., and Syr. יוֹם, יוֹמָא, Ugar. ym, Arab. yaum, Akka. ūmu (= day), Ethiop. yōm (= today), Aram. יְמָמָא, Syr. אִימָמָא (= day; in contradistinction to ‘night’). cp. יוֹמָא, יְמָמָה.] Derivatives: יוֹמוֹן, יוֹמִי, יוֹמָם, יוֹמִן, יוֹמְיוֹמִי. cp. the second element in בַּרְיוֹם.

 

יוֹמָא m.n. PBH 1 day, the day. 2 name of a Mishnah, Tosephta and Talmud tractate in the order מועֵד dealing with the laws referring to the Day of Atonement, hence lit. meaning ‘the tractate dealing with the Day’ by pre-eminence. [Aram., ‘the day’, i.e. ‘the day by pre-eminence’. See יוֹם.]

 

יוֹמוֹן m.n. NH daily (newspaper). [Coined on the analogy of עִתּוֹן (= newspaper) (q.v.) from יוֹם (= day), with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

יוֹמִי adj. MH daily. [Formed from יוֹם (= day), with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יוֹמְיוֹם adv. everyday, daily. [For [[illegible]]יוֹם־ יוֹם (= day by day, every day, daily), repetition of יוֹם (= day).] Derivative: יוֹמְיוֹמִי.

 

יוֹמְיוֹמִי adj. NH 1 daily. 2 ordinary, commonplace. [Formed from יוֹמֽיוֹם with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יוֹמְיוֹמִיּוּת.

 

יוֹמְיוֹמִיּוּת f.n. NH ordinariness, commonness. [Formed from יוֹמְיוֹמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יוֹמִית adv. daily. [Formed from יוֹם (= day), with adv. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

יוֹמָם adv. daily. [Formed from יוֹם (= day), with the adv. suff. ◌ָם. The same suff. appears in אָמֽנָם. See אָמְנָם and words there referred to.]

 

יוֹמָן m.n. NH dairy. [Formed from יוֹם (= day), with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: יוֹמָנַאי.

 

יוֹמָנַאי m.n. NH diarist. [Formed from יוֹמָן with suff. ◌ִאי.]

 

יוֹן ᴵ m.n. PBH male of the dove. [Back formation from יוֹנָה.]

 

יוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. FW ion. [Gk. ion neuter of ion (= going), pres. part. of ienai (= to go), from IE base * i- (= to go), whence also L. ire (= to go), iter (= a journey). See ‘itinerate’ in my CEDEL. The word ion was introduced into electricity by the English physicist and chemist Michael Faraday, 1791–1867.] Derivative: יִנֵּן.

 

◌ִיּוֹן FW -ion (suffix forming nouns denoting state, condition or action). [From L. - io, derived either directly or through the medium of Fren. - ion. See ‘-ion’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘-ation’ and ‘-ition’ ibid.]

 

יָוָן f.n. PBH Greece. [A blend of יָוָן, name of a son of Shem son of Noah (see Gen. 10:2) and orig. Gk. Iaon, gen. Iaonos contracted into Ion, gen. Ionos (= Ion), ancestor of the Ionian race.] Derivatives: יון, יַוְנוּת, יְוָנִי, יְוָנִית. cp. יוֹנִי ᴵ.

 

יָוֵן m.n. mire, mud. [Of unknown origin.]

 

יון to Hellenize.

    — Pi. - יִוֵּן he Hellenized.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַוֵּן was Hellenized, became Greek. [Denominated from יָוָן.] Derivatives: יִוּוּן, הִתֽיַוְּנוּת, מִתְיַוֵּן.

 

יוֹנָה f.n. (pl. יוֹנִים) 1 dove, pigeon. 2 ‘dove’ (fig.). [Related to Aram.-Syr. יוֹנָא (= dove, pigeon). According to some scholars these words are related to base אנה ᴵ and lit. mean ‘the groaning one’. cp. the second element in דִּבְיוֹנִים.]

 

יוֹנוֹסְפֵירָה f.n. FW ionosphere. [See יוֹן ᴵᴵ and סְפֵירָה.]

 

יַוְנוּת f.n. NH Hellenism. [Formed from יָוָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יְוָנִי adj. PBH Greek. [Formed from יַוָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יְוָנִית f.n. PBH the Greek language. [Formed from יָוָן with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

יוֹנִי ᴵ adj. FW Ionian, Ionic. [Back formation from Gk. Ionikos (= Ionic), from Ion. See יָוָן and suff. ◌י.]

 

יוֹנִי ᴵᴵ adj. NH dovish (politically). [Formed from יוֹנָה with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יוֹנִיּוּת.

 

יוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH dovishness (politically). [Formed from יוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יוּנִי m.n. FW June. [L. Jūnius (mēnsis), lit.: ‘the month (named in honor of) Juno’, from Jūnō. See ‘Juno’ in my CEDEL.]

 

יוֹנֵק m.n. 1 suckling, babe. 2 young twig, shoot. [Subst. use of the act. part. of יָנִק. See ינק.] Derivative: יוֹנֶקֶת.

 

יוֹנֶֽקֶת f.n. 1 young shoot. NH 2 root hair. [f. of יוֹנֵק.]

 

יוֹעֶֽזֶר m.n. PBH the maiden-hair (name of a plant). [Of unknown etymology.]

 

יוֹעֵץ m.n. counselor, adviser. [Subst. use of the act. part. of יָעַץ. See יעץ.]

 

יוֹצְאָנִית f.n. PBH 1 a gadabout woman. NH 2 a prostitute. [Formed from יָצָא (= he went out), with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

 

יוֹצֵר m.n. 1 creator. 2 God. 3 potter. MH 4 ‘Yotzer’ (name of the first benediction before ‘Shema’ in the morning prayer; so called from the phrase יוֹצֵר אוֹר occurring at the beginning of this benediction). [Subst. use of the act. part. of יָצַר. See יצר.] Derivative: יוֹצְרָנִי.

 

יוֹצְרָנִי adj. NH creative. [Formed from יוֹצֵר with suff. ◌ִנִי.] Derivative: יוֹצְרָנִיּוּת.

 

יוֹצְרָנִיּוּת f.n. creativity. [Formed from יוֹצִרָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יוֹקֵשׁ m.n. fowler sharer. [Subst. use of the act. part. of יָקַשׁ. See יקשׁ and cp. יוֹקֶשֶׁת.]

 

יוּקָשׁ adj. entrapped. [Part. of יוּקַשׁ (= was entrapped), Pu. of יקשׁ.]

 

יוֹקֶשֶׁת f.n. NH minelayer boat. [Special use of the f. of יוֹקֵשׁ.]

 

יוֹ״ר m.n. NH chairman. [Abbr., coined from the initials of the words יוֹשֵׁב רֹאשׁ.]

 

יוֹרֵד m.n. PBH 1 an impoverished person. NH 2 an emigrant from Israel. 3 iamb (prosody). [Subst. use of the part. of יָרַד. See ירד.]

 

יוֹרֶה ᴵ m.n. early rain. [From ירה ᴵ.]

 

יוֹרֶה ᴵᴵ m.n. shooter, marksman. [Subst. use of the part. of יָרָה. See ירה ᴵ.]

 

יוֹרָה f.n. PBH boiler, kettle. [Related to Syr. אִירָא (= kettle); possibly related to אוּר (= fire).]

 

יוּרִידִי adj. FW juridical. [Back formation from L. jūridicus (= judicial), which is compounded of jūs, gen. jūris (= right, law), and dīcere (= to say). See ‘jus’ and ‘diction’ in my CEDEL.]

 

יוּרִיסְט m.n. FW jurist. [Fren. juriste, from Med. L. jūrista, from L. jūs, gen. jūris. See יוּרִידִי and suff. ◌ִיסִט.]

 

יוֹרֵשׁ m.n. heir. [Subst. use of the part. of יָרַשׁ. See ירשׁ.]

 

יוֹשֵׁב m.n. inhabitant, resident. [Subst. use of the part. of יָשַׁב. See ישׁב.]

 

◌ִיּוּת suff. forming 1 abstract nouns, as in אַכְזְרִיּוּת (= cruelty) from אַכְזָרִי (= cruel); 2 collective nouns, as in כָּמְרִיּוּת (= the priesthood, clergy), from כֹּמֶר (= priest). [Compounded of the suffixes ◌ִי and ◌וּת.]

 

יוֹתֵר adv. more. [Properly part. formed from יתר.] Derivative: יוֹתֶרֶת.

 

יוֹתֶֽרֶת f.n. lobe (used in the Bible only in the phrase יוֹתֶרֶת־הַכָּבֵד, ‘lobe of the liver’). [Properly f. of יוֹתֵר.]

 

יֶזוּאִיט m.n. FW Jesuit. [Modern L. Jēsuita, from Jēsus (= Jesus).]

 

יָזוּם adj. NH initiated. [Pass. part. of יָזַם. See יזם.]

 

יִזּוּם m.n. NH initiation. [From יזם.]

 

יְזִימָה f.n. MH initiation. [Verbal n. of יָזַם. See יזם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יִזְכֹּר MH 1 memorial prayer. NH 2 Memorial Service (so called from the first word of this prayer).

 

יַזָּם m.n. NH initiator. [Formed from יזם.]

 

יזם to take the initiative.

    — Qal - יָזַם he took the initiative. [Back formation from יָזִמוּ (Gen. 11:6), which, however, is a collateral form of יָזֹמּוּ, third person imper. pl. of זָמַם (= he considered). See זמם.] Derivatives: יוֹזֵם, יָזוּם, יִזּוּם, יַזָּם, יָזִמָן, יָזִמָן, מִיִזָּם.

 

◌ִיזְם FW -ism. [Fren. - isme, from L. - isma, from Gk. - isma. See ‘-ize’ and ‘-ma’ in my CEDEL.]

 

יָזְמָה f.n. NH initiative. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah, 1858–1922, from יָזַם, a verb inferred from יֶזִמוּ (Gen. 11:6), on the analogy of חָכְמָה (= wisdom) from חָכַם (= he was wise), and עָרְמָה (= craftiness) from עָרַם (= he was crafty). However, the י in יָזִמוּ does not belong to the stem, but is a servile letter. See יזם. An interesting Biblical example for a similar relationship between the verb ע״ע and פ״י are the verbs שָׁמַם and יָשַׁם, which are related to each other and both mean ‘was desolate’.]

 

יָזְמָן m.n. NH initiator. [Formed from יזם with agential suff. ◌ִן.] Derivatives: יָזְמָנוּת, יָזְמָנִי.

 

יָזְמָנוּת f.n. NH initiative. [Formed from יָזִמָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יָזְמָנִי adj. NH initiating. [Formed from יָזִמָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יזע to sweat, perspire.

    — Hiph. - הִזִּיעַ he sweated. [Arab. wadhaa (= it flowed, ran). Aram. דֵּיעֲתָא, זֵיעֲתָא, Syr. דּוּעִתָּא (= sweat, perspiration). whence דִּעֵת (= perspired).] Derivatives: יֶזַע, זֵעָה, יַזְעָן, יַזַּעַת, מֵיזָע, מְיִזַּע

 

יֶֽזַע m.n. sweat, perspiration (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 14:18). [From יזע.]

 

יַזְעָן m.n. NH hustler, braggart, blusterer. [Formed from יזע with agential suff. ◌ָן; loan translation of Yiddish שוויצער from שוויים (= sweat, perspiration.] Derivative: יַזְעָנוּת.

 

יַזְעָנוּת f.n. NH hustling, braggadocio, bluster, fuss, fussiness. [Formed from יַזִעָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַזַּֽעַת f.n. NH hyperhydrosis (disease). [Coined from יזע (= to sweat), according to the pattern פַּעֵלֵת serving to form names of diseases. See e.g. אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

◌ִיזַצְיָה FW suff. corresponding to Eng. – ization, as in סְטִילִיזַצְיָה (= lization), L. – izātiō. See the suffixe ‘–ize’ and ‘–ation’ in my CEDEL. cp. see ◌ַצֽיָה.]

 

יחד to be one, to make one, unite.

    — Qal - יָחַד he was united.

    — Pi. - יִחֵד 1 he united; PBH 2 he set apart, singled out; PBH 3 he devoted; PBH 4 he caused to be alone, left alone; PBH 5 he professed or proclaimed the oneness or unity of.

    — Pu. - יֻחַד PBH 1 was set apart; PBH 2 was left alone (with); PBH 3 was proclaimed as one.

    — Hith. - הִתֽיַחֵד 1 he segregated himself; 2 was alone (with), communed (with); 3 was set apart. [Aram. יַחֵד (= he united), Syr. שׁוּחֵד (= he sat alone), Arab. waḥada (= he was alone), waḥḥada (= he made into one, united), Ethiop. waḥada (= he was one, was alone), Ugar. yḥd (= only one), OSArab. וחד (= one). Related to אחד.] Derivatives: הִתֽיַחֲדוּת, יַחַד, יַחֽדָּו, יִחוּד, יָחִיד, יְחִידִי, יְחִידָאִי, מֽיַחֵד, מְיֻחָד.

 

יַֽחַד 1 gathering, together, unitedness (see Deut. 33:5 and Chron. I 12:18). 2 together, altogether. [From יחד. For the sense cp. כְּאֶחָד (= jointly, together) (q.v.). cp. יֵחְדָּו.]

 

יַחְדָּו, יַחְדָּיו adv. together, altogether. [Like יַחַד formed from יחד. The suff. ◌ִיו, ◌ָו is prob. a contraction of the locative suff. - ū and the pl. suff. - ay.]

 

יִחוּד m.n. NH 1 setting aside. PBH 2 private meeting. PBH 3 short for יִחוּד הַשֵּׁם, profession or proclamation of the unity of God. [Verbal n. of יִחֵד. See יחד.] Derivative: יִחוּדִי.

 

יִחוּדִי adj. NH exclusive. [Formed from יִחוּד with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יִחוּדִיּוּת.

 

יִחוּדִיּוּת f.n. NH exclusiveness, exclusivity. [Formed from יִחוּדִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יִחוּל m.n. PBH hope, expectation. [Verbal n. of יִחֵל (= he waited, he hoped). See יחל.]

 

יָחוּם adj. MH poetic name for son, respectively daughter. [Pass. part. of יָחַם. See יחם.]

 

יִחוּם m.n. MH rut, sexual excitation. [Verbal n. of יִחֵם, Pi. of יחם.]

 

יִחוּס m.n. PBH (also spelled יִחוּשׂ) 1 genealogy, pedigree. MH 2 relation, relationship. [Verbal n. of יִחֵס. See יחס.] Derivative: יִחוּסִי.

 

יִחוּסִי adj. NH relative.

 

יִחוּף m.n. PBH barefootedness. [From יחף.]

 

יִחוּר m.n. PBH a young shoot (esp. of a fig tree). [Perhaps derived from base חור appearing in Arab. hāra (= was flexible).]

 

יִחוּשׂ NH see יִחוּס.

 

יְחִי interj. long live—! live on! [Formally imper. of חיה.]

 

יָחִיד adj. 1 alone, only one. PBH 2 lonely, solitary. PBH 3 individual. 4 singular (grammar). [From יחד. cp. Aram. יְחִידָאָה, יְחִידָיָה, Syr. īḥīdha, īḥīdhāya (= only one, solitary), Arab. waḥīd (= alone, lonely, solitary).] Derivatives: יְחִידָאִי, יְחִידָה, יְחִידוּת, יְחִידִי.

 

יְחִידָאִי adj. NH unique. [Formed from יָחִיד with suff. ◌ָאִי.]

 

יְחִידָה f.n. 1 the only one (epithet of the soul; see Ps. 22:21 and 35:17). NH 2 unit (mathematics). [Subst. use of the f. of יָחִיד.]

 

יְחִידוּת f.n. MH NH 1 uniqueness, oneness. 2 loneliness, solitariness, privacy. [Formed from יָחִיד with suff. ◌וּת; coined by Rashi, 1040–1106.]

 

יְחִידִי adj. PBH 1 alone, by oneself. 2 singular. [Formed from יָחִיד with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יָחִיל adj. wanting, hoping (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:26). [Either from יחל or from חיל.]

 

יְחִימָה f.n. MH rut, sexual excitation. [Verbal n. of יָחַם. See יחם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יחל to wait, hope.

    — Pi. - יִחֵל 1 he waited, hoped; MH 2 he caused to hope.

    — Pu. - יֻחַל was waited for, was longed for.

    — Niph. - נוֹחַל he waited.

    — Hiph. - הוֹחִיל he waited. [cp. חיל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: יִחוּל, מְיֻחָל, תּוֹחֶלֶת.

 

יחם to be hot.

    — Qal - יָחַם was hot, was excited sexually, rutted.

    — Pi. intr. & tr. v. 1 became hot, became excited sexually; conceived, rutted, breeded; 2 he excited sexually. — Pu. - יֻחַם 1 was excited sexually; 2 was conceived.

    — Hith. - הִתֽיַחֵם was excited sexually, rutted. [Aram. יֽחַם, Arab. waḥima (= was hot; said esp. of the sexual impulse of animals. Related to חמם.] Derivatives: יַחַם, יַחֲמָה, יָחוּם, יִחוּם, יְחִימָה, הִתֽיַחֲמוּת, מְיֻחָם.

 

יַחַם m.n. MH (o)estrus, sexual instinct. [From יחם.]

 

יַחֲמָה f.n. NH (o)estrus, sexual instinct. [From יחם. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַחְמוּר m.n. roebuck. [Prob. meaning lit.: ‘the red animal’, and derived from חמר ᴵᴵ (= to be red). cp. Aram.–Syr. יַחְמוּרָא (= roebuck). cp. also חֲמוֹר (= ass), which is prob. of the same origin.]

 

יַחְנוּק m.n. NH cistanche (name of a plant). [From חנק (= to strangle).]

 

יחס to attribute, ascribe.

    — Pi. - יִחֵס 1 he traced the descent of; 2 he attributed, ascribed.

    — Pu. - יֻחַס MH 1 was attributed, was ascribed; PBH 2 was of distinguished birth.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַחֵס PBH 1 he was enrolled in genealogical lists, his genealogy was established; PBH 2 he was related to, was connected with; MH 3 he belonged to. [A later variant of יחשׂ.] Derivatives: יַחַס, יֹחַס, יִחוּס, הִתְיַחֲסוּת, מְיֻחָס.

 

יַֽחַס m.n. PBH 1 genealogy, descent. MH 2 relation, relationship, connection. [From יחס.] Derivatives: יַחֲסָה, יַחֲסוּת, יַחֲסִי, יַחֲסָן.

 

יַחֲסָה f.n. NH case (grammar). [Formed from יַחַס with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַחֲסוּת f.n. NH [Formed from יַחַס with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. יַחֲסוּתָא (= legitimate descent).]

 

יַחֲסִי adj. NH relative. [Formed from יַחַס with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יַחֲסִיּוּת.

 

יַחֲסִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 relativity. 2 relativism. [Formed from יַחֲסִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַחֲסִית adv. NH relatively. [Formally f. form of יַחֲסִי.]

 

יַחְסָן m.n. NH a person of distinguished descent. [Formed from יַחַס with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: יַהֽסָנוּת, יַחְסָנִי.

 

יַחְסָנוּת f.n. NH pride in one’s descent, haughtiness. [Formed from יַחְסָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַחְסָנִי adj. NH showing pride in one’s descent, haughty. [Formed from יַחֽסָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יחף to be or make barefoot.

    — Pi. - יִחֵף he made barefoot, unshod.

    — Nith. - נִתְיַחֵף was made barefoot, was unshod. [Denominated from יָחֵף.]

 

יַֽחַף ᴵ m.n. NH barefootedness. [From יָחֵף.]

 

יַֽחַף ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH footsoreness. [Of uncertain origin.]

 

יָחֵף adj. barefoot. [Related to Aram. יְחֵיף (= barefoot), Syr. אַחֵף (= was barefoot), Arab. ḥafiya (= was barefoot).] Derivatives: יחף, יַחַף, יַחֲפָה, יַחֲפוּת, יַחֽפָן.

 

יַחֲפָה f.n. NH barefootedness. [Formed from יחף with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַחֲפוּת f.n. NH barefootedness. [Formed from יחף with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַחְפָן m.n. NH 1 one walking barefoot. 2 (fig.) hooligan (loan translation of Russ. bosiak). [Formed from יחף with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: יַחֲפָנוּת.

 

יַחֲפָנוּת f.n. NH 1 barefootedness. 2 (fig.) hooliganism. [Formed from יַחֲפָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַֽחַץ m.n. ‘yahatz’, breaking the middle of the מַצָּה (‘matza’) in the סֵרֶּר (‘seder’ of Passover). [Formally imper. of חיה used as a n.]

 

יחשׂ to trace one’s descent.

    — Hith. - הִתֽיַחֵשׂ to enroll oneself, be enrolled by genealogy.] [Aram. יַחֲסוּתָא (= legitimate descent). Of uncertain origin. cp. יחס.]

 

יַֽחַשׂ m.n. genealogy, descent. [From יחשׂ. cp. יַחַס.]

 

◌ִיט FW -ite subst. suff. used to form names of minerals and fossils (as in אַמּוֹנִיט, דּוֹלוֹמִיט), chemical compounds (as in פוֹסְפִיט), explosives (as in דִּינָמִיט), commercial products (as in תֶּרְמִיט). [Fren. - ite, from L. - īta, - ītēs, from Gk. - ites (= pertaining to). cp. ◌ִיטִיס.]

 

יטב to be good, be pleasing (a collateral form of base טוב).

    — Qal (imper.) . - יִיטַב (the perf. is formed from base טוב), will be good, will be pleasing.

    — Hiph. - הֵיטִיב 1 he did good, did well; 2 he made comely, adorned; 3 he made glad, rejoiced.

    — Hoph. - הוּטַב became better, was improved. [cp. Aram. יֽטַב (= was good, was pleasing).] Derivatives: הֵיטֵב, מֵיטִיב, מֵיטָב.

 

◌ִיטִיס FW -itis (subst. suff. denoting diseases characterized by inflammation). [Medical L. -itis, from Gk. -itis, properly f. of the adj. suff. -ites (= pertaining to) with the f. noun nosos (= disease).]

 

יְיָ m.n. the proper name of God in the Bible, Tetragrammaton. [It prob. derives from הוה (= to be). The usual transliteration ‘Jehovah’ is based on the supposition that the Tetragrammaton is the imperfect Qal Hiph. of הוה and lit. means ‘the one who is, the existing’, respectively ‘who calls into existence’. In reality, however, the pronunciation and literal meaning of the Tetragrammaton is unknown. cp. יָהּ ᴵ.]

 

יִידִישׁ m.n. NH the Yiddish language. [Ger. jüdisch. See אִידִישׁ.]

 

יִידִישִׁזְם m.n. NH Yiddishism. [Formed from יִידִישׁ with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

 

יַֽיִן m.n. (pl. יֵינוֹת) wine. [Related to Ugar. yn (= wine), Arab. wayn (= black grapes), Ethiop. wayn (= grape, wine), Akka. īnu (= wine). cp. Gk. oinos (= wine), L. vinum (= wine), Albanian vōne, Armenian gini (= wine). The ultimate origin of these words is unknown. Some scholars trace them to the Semites, others see their origin in the Aegean, still others in Asia Minor, Caucasia or Armenia. cp. ‘vine’ and ‘wine’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: יֵינַאי, יֵינִי, יֵינָן.

 

יֵינַאי m.n. NH winegrower, wine merchant. [Formed from יַיִן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

יֵינִי adj. MH vinous, winy. [Formed from יַיִן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יֵינִיּוּת.

 

יֵינִיּוּת f.n. NH vinosity. [Formed from יֵינִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יֵינָן m.n. NH winegrower, wine merchant. [Formed from יַיִן with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

יַי״שׁ abbr. NH spirits (brandy, arak, vodka, etc.). [Initial letters of יַיִן שָׂרוּף.]

 

יָכוֹל adj. 1 having power, able. PBH 2 (one) might suppose. [Properly part. of the verb יָכֹל (= he was able). In sense 2, יָכוֹל is elliptically used for יָכוֹל אַתָּה לוֹמַר (= you might say), or יָכֹל אֲנִי לוֹמַר (= I might say).]

 

יכח to decide, prove, to reprove, rebuke.

    — Niph. - גוֹכַח 1 he reasoned, argued, disputed; PBH 2 he convinced himself, was convinced.

    — Hith. - הוֹכִיחַ 1 he decided, judged; 2 he showed to be right, proved, convinced; 3 he reproved; 4 he corrected, rebuked.

    — Hoph. - הוּכַח 1 was chastened, was punished; MH 2 was proved.

    — Pi. - וִכַּח (see וִכַּח).

    — Hith. - הִתְוַכַּח he discussed, disputed, argued. [Aram. וַכַּח, אוֹכַח (= he proved). cp. וכח.] Derivatives: הוֹכָחָה, הִתְוַכְּחוּת, יָכִיחַ, מוּכָח, מוֹכִיחַ, נוֹכָח, תּוֹכֵחָה, תּוֹכַחַת.

 

יַכְטָה f.n. yacht. [Dutch. jaghte, jacht, from jacht, which is short for jact-schiff (lit.: ‘hunting vessel’), from yacht (= hunting, chase), from the stem of jagen (= to hunt), and schiff (= ship).]

 

יָכִֽיחַ adj. NH provable. [Coined from יכח (= to prove), according to the pattern פַּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

יָכִין m.n. ‘Yachin’ — name of the right-hand pillar in Solomon’s Temple (the left-hand pillar was called ‘Boaz’).

 

יכל to be able, have power, prevail.

    — Qal - יָכֹל he was able, had power, prevailed. See יָכוֹל. [Aram. יְכִיל (= was able, had power, prevailed), Arab. wakala (= he recommended, entrusted), whence wakkala (= he delegated, deputed), Ethiop. tawakala (= it went over into somebody else’s power). Related to Aram. כְּהֵל (= he was able). Base יכל prob. meant lit. ‘to hold’, ‘contain’, and is related to base כול. cp. ‘vakeel’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: יְכֹלֶת.

 

יְכֹֽלֶת f.n. ability, power, capability, faculty, possibility (in the Bible occurring only after the negative particles מִבִּלְתִּי, Num. 14:16, and מִבּֽלִי, Deut. 9:28). [Properly inf. construction of יָכֹל (see יכל). cp. Aram. יֽכֻלֽתָּא (= power, ability).]

 

ילד to bear, bring forth, beget.

    — Qal - יָלַד he begot, (f.) she brought forth, bore (children).

    — Niph. - נוֹלַד was born.

    — Pi. - יִלֵּד he helped deliver a child.

    — Pu. - יֻלַּד was born.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַלֵּד 1 he declared his pedigree; NH 2 he behaved like a child.

    — Hiph. - הוֹלִיד he caused to bear, begot.

    — Hoph. - הוּלַד was begotten, was born. [Aram. יֽלֵד (= he begot; she bore, brought forth), Arab. walada, Ethiop. walada (of s.m.), OSArab. ולד, Ugar. yld, wld, Akka. walādu, later form alādu (= to bear a child). cp. ‘mulatto’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: יוֹלֵדָה, יוֹלֶדֶת, יֶלֶד, יַלֽדוּת, יִלּוֹד, יָלוּד, יִלּוּד, יֽלוּדָה, יָלִיד, הוֹלָדָה, הֻלֶּדֶת, הִתְיַלְּדוּת, וַלְדָּנִית, לֵדָה, מוֹלָד, מוֹלֶדֶת, מוֹלִיד, מְיַלֵּד, מְיַלֶּדֶת, מִתֽיַלֵּד, נוֹלָד, תּוֹלָדָה, תּֽלוּדָה. cp. מוּלַט.

 

יֶלֶד m.n. child, boy, offspring, young man. [From ילד.] Derivatives: יַלֽדָּה, יַלְדּוֹן.

 

יַלֽדָּה f.n. 1 girl. PBH 2 young woman. [f. of יֶלֶד.]

 

יַלֽדּוֹן m.n. NH child, boy (colloquial, in a derogatory sense), brat. [Formed from יֶלֶד with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

יַלְדוּת f.n. 1 childhood. PBH 2 childish behavior, childishness. [Formed from ילד with suff. ◌וּת.] Derivative: יַלֽדוּתִי.

 

יַלְדוּתִי adj. NH childish. [Formed from יַלְדוּת with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יַלְדוּתִיּוּת.

 

יַלְדוּתִיּוּת f.n. NH childishness. [Formed from יַלְדוּתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַלְדֹּֽנֶת f.n. NH little girl (colloq.). [Formed from יַלְדָּה with dimin. suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

יָלוּד m.n. baby, child. [Subst. use of the pass. part. of יָלַד. See ילד.]

 

יִלּוֹד adj. newborn, born. [Prob. dissimilated from יֻלּוֹד.]

 

יִלּוּד m.n. NH midwifery, obstetrics. [Verbal n. of יִלֵּד, Pi. of יָלַד. cp. מֽיַלּֽדוּת.]

 

יְלוּדָה f.n. NH birthrate, natality. [Formed from יָלוּד with subst. suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יִלּוּל m.n. NH lamenting, wailing, howling. [Verbal n. of יִלֵּל, Pi. of ילל.]

 

יָלִיד m.n. 1 son. NH 2 native. [From ילד.]

 

ילל to howl, wail.

    — Pi. - יִלֵּל he wailed, howled, lamented.

    — Hiph. - הֵילִיל (of s.m.).

    — Hith. - הִתְיַלֵּל (of s.m.). [Of imitative origin. cp. Egypt.-Aram. הילל, Syr. אַיְלֵל (= he howled), Arab. walwala (= he lamented, wailed, howled). cp. also אַלְלַי and תּוֹלָל.] Derivatives: יִלּוּל, יֶלֶל, יְלֵל, יְלָלָה.

 

יֶלֶל m.n. MH wailing, howling, lamenting. [From ילל.]

 

יְלֵל m.n. wailing, howling, lament (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:10). [From ילל.]

 

יְלָלָה f.n. wailing, howling, lament. [Formed from ילל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַלֶּֽפֶת f.n. 1 scab, scurf (Lev. 21:20, 22:22). PBH 2 lichen. [Of uncertain origin. For the form cp. אַדֶּמֶת.]

 

יֶֽלֶק m.n. a kind of locust; the first creeping phase of the locust. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps derived from לקק (= to lick), and called after its voracity.]

 

יַלְקוּט ᴵ m.n. 1 bag (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 17:40). MH 2 compilation of essays. [From לקט (= to gather).] Derivative: יַלְקוּט ᴵᴵ.

 

יַלְקוּט ᴵᴵ m.n. NH Capsella (a genus of plants). [From יַלְקוּט ᴵ.]

 

יָם m.n. 1 sea. 2 lake. 3 large basin, reservoir. 4 West (lit.: ‘the region of the Land of Israel situated toward the Mediterranean Sea’). [Related to Phoen. ים, Aram. יַמָּא (= sea), Ugar. ym, Akka. iāmu.] Derivatives: יַמַּאי, יַמָּה, יַמִּי, יַמִּיָּה.

 

יַמָּאוּת f.n. NH seamanship. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi, 1882–1943, from יַמַּאי and suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַמַּאי m.n. NH seaman, sailor. [Formed from יָם with agential suff. ◌ַאי.] Derivative: יַמָּאוּת.

 

יַמְבּוּס m.n. FW iamb, iambus. [From Gk. iambos, which is a loan word of pre-Hellenic origin. cp. ‘iamb’ in my CEDEL.]

 

יַמָּה f.n. NH lake. [Formed from יָם with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַמִּי adj. MH sea (adj.), maritime. [Formed from יָם with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יְמֵיבֵּינַיְמִי adj. NH Medieaval. [Formed from יְמֵי הַבֵּינַיִם (= Middle Ages) with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יֵמִּיָּה f.n. NH navy. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah from יָם and suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

יָמִין f.n. 1 the right hand, right side, the right. 2 the South (i.e. the right side if one faces east). [Related to Aram.–Syr. יַמִּין, יַמִּינָא, Ugar. ymn, Arab. yamīn, yaman (= right hand, right side, south), Ethiop. yamān (= right hand), Akka. immu, imittu (= right hand, right side). See תֵּימָן. For the sense development cp. שׂמאל.] Derivatives: ימן ᴵ, יֽמִינִי, יֽמָנִי.

 

יְמִינִי adj. right, right-handed. [Formed from יָמִין with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יַמְלְוּחַ m.n. NH Nitraria (a genus of plants). [From מלח (= to salt).]

 

יְמָמָה f.n. NH a day and a night, calendar day (i.e. 24 hours). [From Aram. יְמָמָא (= day). See יוֹם.]

 

ימן ᴵ to go or turn to the right; to use the right hand.

    — Hiph. - הֵימִין 1 he went or turned to the right; 2 he used the right hand; NH 3 he became, or was, Rightist.

    — Pu. - יֻמַּן (see מְיֻמָּן ᴵ). [Denominated from יָמִין. cp. Arab. yamana (= he was happy; lit.: ‘he went or turned to the right’; the right hand was regarded as auspicious), yammana (= he went to the right, he blessed).] Derivatives: הַיִמָנָה, מַיֽמִין.

 

ימן ᴵᴵ to prepare, appoint.

    — Pi. - יִמֵּן he prepared, appointed.

    — Pu. - יֻמַּן was prepared, was appointed. [Back formation from וַיֽמַן, Jon. 2; 4:6, 7 and 8, Dan. 1:5 (= and he appointed), which is Pi. imper. of מנה (q.v.).] Derivative: מֽיֻמָּן ᴵᴵ.

 

יְמָנִי adj. 1 right, right-handed. NH 2 Rightist, conservative (politically). [Formed from יָמִין with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יֽמָנִיּוּת.

 

יְמָנִיּוּת f.n. NH tending to the Right, conservatism (politically). [Formed from יֽמָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

ימר to boast, exalt oneself.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַמֵּר he boasted, exalted himself (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 61:6 in the form תִּתְיַמָּרוּ). [A secondary form of אמר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: יָמְרָה, הִתְיַמְּרוּת.

 

יָמְרָה f.n. NH pretense. [Coined through back formation from הִתֽיַמֵּר (= he boasted). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: יָמְרָנוּת, יָמִרָנִי.

 

יָמְרָנוּת f.n. NH pretentiousness. [Coined from יָמֽרָה and suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

יָמְדָנִי adj. pretentious. [Coined from יָמְרָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

◌ִין ᴵ second person f. suff. of the imperfect, as in תִּדֽבָּקְין (Ruth 2:8 and 21). [See second person f. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

◌ִין ᴵᴵ PBH suff. in loan words of Gk. origin (as in סַנְהֶדְרִין). [The suff. is the exact rendering of vulg. Gk. -in, contraction of classical Gk. -ion. This suff. was sometimes confused with the MH pl. suff. ◌ִין (see ◌ִין ᴵ), and was accordingly dropped. See e.g. סוּדָר.]

 

יַנְבּוּט m.n. NH Prosopis (a genus of plants). [Arab. yanbūt, which prob. derives from nabata (= it sprouted, germinated, grew). See נבט ᴵ.]

 

ינה to oppress, maltreat.

    — Qal - יָנָה he oppressed.

    — Hiph. - הוֹנָה 1 he oppressed, maltreated; PBH 2 he vexed. [Aram. אוֹנִי (= he oppressed, maltreated), prob. also Arab. wana(y) (= was weak).] Derivatives: הוֹנָאָה, הוֹנָיָה.

 

יָנוּאָר m.n. FW January. [L. Jānuārius mēnsis (= the months dedicated to Jānus). See יָנוּס and cp. ‘January’ in my CEDEL.]

 

יִנּוֹן 1 v. to sprout, increase (Ps. 72:17). [Niph. imperative of נין.] 2 according to some scholars יִנּוֹן is one of the symbolic names of the Messiah.

 

יִנַּוּן m.n. NH ionization. [Verbal n. of יִנֵּן, Pi. of ינן.]

 

יָנוּס m.n. FW Janus. [L. Jānus, ancient Italian god of doors and gates, personification of jānus (= arched passage, arcade), whence jānua (= door). See ‘janitor’ in my CEDEL and cp. יָנוּאָר.]

 

יַנּוּקָא m.n. PBH child. [Aram., from יֽנַק (= he sucked). See ינק.]

 

יַנִּיק m.n. PBH child. [Aram., from יֽנַק (= he sucked). See ינק.]

 

יְנִיקָה f.n. 1 young shoot (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 17:4 in the form יֽנִיקוֹתָיו, ‘its young shoots’). NH 2 sucking, suction, absorption. [From ינק. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

ינן to ionize.

    — Pi. - יִנֵּן he ionized. [Denominated from יוֹן ᴵᴵ.]

 

ינק to suck.

    — Qal - יָנַק he sucked.

    — Hiph. - הֵינִיקָה made to suck, gave suck, suckled, nursed.

    — Hoph. - הוּנַק was made to suck, was suckled, was nursed. [Aram. יְנַק (= he sucked), Ugar. ynq, Akka. enēqu (= to suck). cp. נוק.] Derivatives: יוֹנֵק, יוֹנֶקֶת, יְנִיקָה, יַנְקוּת, הוֹנָקָה, הֲנָקָה, מֵינִיקוּת, מֵינֶקֶת, תִּינוֹק. cp. יַנּוּקָא, יַנִּיק.

 

יַנְקוּת f.n. MH babyhood, childhood. [Formed from ינק with suff. ◌וּת. cp. יַנְקוּתָא.] Derivative: יַנְקוּתִי.

 

יַנְקוּתָא f.n. PBH babyhood, childhood. [Aram., formed from יֽנַק (= he sucked). See ינק and cp. יַנְקוּת.]

 

יַנְקוּחִי adj. NH of childhood, childlike, babyish. [Formed from יַנְקוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יַנְשׁוּף m.n. the long-eared owl (Asio otus). [Either derived from נשׁף ᴵ (= to blow) and lit. meaning ‘the bird with the strident note’, or from נֶשֶׁף (= twilight) and lit. meaning ‘twilight bird’.]

 

יסד to found, establish.

    — Qal - יָסַד he founded, established.

    — Niph. - נוֹסַד was founded, was established.

    — Pi. - יִסֵּד 1 he founded, established; MH 2 he composed, wrote.

    — Pu. - יֻסַּד was founded, was established.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַסֵּד (of s.m.).

    — Hoph. - הוּסַד (of s.m.). [Aram. יְסַד (= he founded, established), Ugar. ysd (= to establish, found), Arab. wisād, Aram. אִסָּדָא, Syr. אֶסָּדָא (= pillow). Prob. related to Arab. ishdu (= foundation).] Derivatives: הִתְיַסְּדוּת, יְסוֹד, יְסוּד, יִסּוּד, יְסוּדָה, מוֹסָד, מוּסָד, מְיַסֵּד, מְיֻסָּד, מַסַּד.

 

יְסוֹד m.n. (pl. יְסוֹדוֹת) 1 base, foundation. MH 2 origin, source, principle. NH 3 element (chemistry). [From יסד.] Derivative: יְסוֹדִי.

 

יְסוּד m.n. laying of the foundation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ez. 7:9 in the phrase יְסֻד הַמַּעֲלָה, ‘the beginning of immigration’.) [From יסד.]

 

יִסּוּד m.n. PBH founding, laying the foundation. [Verbal n. of יִסֵּד (= he founded), Pi. of יסד.]

 

יְסוּדָה f.n. foundation, base (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 87:1 in the form יֽסוּדָתוֹ, ‘its foundation’). [From יסד.]

 

יְסוֹדִי adj. NH 1 basic, fundamental. MH 2 essential. [Formed from יְסוֹד with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יְסוֹדִיּוּת.

 

יְסוֹדִיּוּת f.n. NH fundamentally. [Formed from יֽסוֹדִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יְסוֹדִית adv. NH basically. [From יֽסוֹד.]

 

יִסּוּר m.n. PBH 1 correction, punishment. 2 (only in the pl.) affliction, suffering. [From יִסֵּר, Pi. of יסר. See יסר.]

 

◌ִיסְט FW suff. corresponding to Eng. -ist as in צֶ׳לִּיסְט (= cellist). [Ultimately from Gk. -istos, suff. forming agential nouns. See ‘-ist’ in my CEDEL. cp. suff. ◌יסְטָן.]

 

◌ִיסְטָן FW agential suff., usually corresponding to Eng. -ist. [Compounded of the suff◌ִיסְט and agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

יסך to anoint. [Secondary base of סוך, occurring only in the Qal imper. יִיסָךְ, Ex. 31:32 (= he shall anoint). For explanation of the form יִיסָךֽ see s.v. סוך.]]

 

יסם to become blind.

    — Nith. - נִתֽיַסֵּם he became blind. [From סמא (of s.m.).]

 

יַסְמִין m.n. PBH jasmine. [Pers. yāsemīn, whence also Arab. yāsamīn, whence Fren. jasmin, whence Eng. jasmine.]

 

יַסְעוּר m.n. NH puffin (sea bird). [Coined by the Hebrew poet Abraham Shlonsky, 1900–73, from סער (= to storm, rage).]

 

יסף to add, increase.

    — Qal - יָסַף 1 he added, increased; 2 he continued.

    — Niph. - נוֹסַף was added, was increased.

    — Hiph. - הוֹסִיף 1 he added, increased; 2 he did again, continued.

    — Hoph. - הוּסַף was added.

    — Hith. - הִתּוֹסֵף was added, was increased. [Phoen. יסף (= to add), Aram. אוֹסִיף, Syr. אוֹסֵף (= he added), prob. also Akka. uṣṣupu (= to add), ṣiptu (= interest), whence prob. Aram. יְזַף, Syr. אִיזֵף (= he borrowed). cp. סאף.] Derivatives: הוֹסָפָה, הִתּוֹסְפוּת, יֶסֶף, מוֹסִיף, מוּסָף, נוֹסָף, תּוֹסֶפֶת. cp. תּוֹסֶפְתָּא.

 

יֶֽסֵף m.n. NH coda (music). [From יסף.]

 

יסר to chasten, admonish, discipline.

    — Qal - יָסַר he chastened, admonished, disciplined.

    — Niph. - נוֹסַר was chastened, was admonished, was corrected.

    — Pi. - יִסַּר he chastened, punished.

    — Pu. - יֻסַּר was chastened, was punished.

    — Nith. - נִוַּסֵּר, נִתֽיַסֵּר was chastened, was corrected, was disciplined. [Ugar. ysr (= to chasten), Aram. יֽסַר (= he bound), יִסּוּרָא (= chastisement). Some scholars compare it with Arab. ’ashāra (= he advised). Prob. related to אסר.] Derivatives: יִסּוּר, הִתֽיַסְּרוּת, מוּסָר ᴵ, מִיֻסָּר.

 

יעב prob. base of תּוֹעֵבָה (= abomination).

 

יעד to appoint.

    — Qal - יָדַע he appointed, fixed, assigned, designated.

    — Niph. - נוֹעַד he met by appointment, met at an appointed place.

    — Pi. - יִעֵד he appointed, assigned, designated.

    — Pu. - יֻעַד was appointed, was assigned, was designated.

    — Hiph. - הוֹעִיד he fixed (time or place), summoned, arraigned, invited.

    — Hoph. - הוּעַד was set, was placed. [Aram. יַעֵד (= he appointed, designated), Syr. יַעְדָּא (= appointment, agreement), וַעֵד (= he appointed — time or place), Arab. wa‘ada (= he predicted, promised), wā‘ada (= he appointed time or place).] Derivatives: יַעַד, יָעוּד, יִעוּד, יְעִידָה, הוֹעָדָה, הִוָּעֲדוּת, מוֹעָד, מוֹעֵד, מוּעָד ᴵᴵ, מוּעָדָה, מוֹעֲדוֹן, מְיֻעָד, עֵדָה ᴵ. cp. עֵדוּת. cp. also ועד and words there referred to. cp. also עֵת.

 

יַֽעַד m.n. MH 1 mission, destination. NH 2 objective, target. [From ידע. cp. יִעוּד.]

 

יעה to sweep together and carry away.

    — Qal - יָעָה he swept together and carried away (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 28:17). [Arab. wa‘a(y) (= he collected, gathered).] Derivative: יָעֶה.

 

יָעֶה m.n. shovel. [From יעה. Related to Aram. יָעָא (= shovel), Arab. wi‘ā’ (= vessel).]

 

יָעוּד adj. MH designated, designed. [Pass. part. of יָעַד. See יעד.] Derivatives: יְעוּדָה.

 

יִעוּד m.n. PBH 1 appointment, assignment. MH 2 promise. MH 3 destiny. NH 4 mission. [Verbal n. of יִעֵד, Pi. of יעד. cp. יַעַד.]

 

יְעוּדָה f.n. MH fiance, betrothed (woman). [Formally f. of יָעוּד (q.v.).]

 

יִעוּל m.n. NH making efficient. [Verbal n. of יִעֵל (= he made efficient), Pi. of יעל.]

 

יָעוּץ adj. given as advice. [Pass. part. of יָעַץ. See יעץ.]

 

יִעוּץ m.n. MH giving advice. [Verbal n. of יֵעֵץ, Pi. of יעץ.]

 

יִעוּר m.n. NH afforestation. [Verbal n. of יִעֵר. See יער.]

 

יעז to be barbarous; to be impudent.

    — Niph. - נוֹעַז was barbarous, was impudent, was fierce, was audacious (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 33:19 in the phrase עַם נוֹעָז (= a fierce people).] [A secondary form of base עזז.] Derivative: נוֹעָז.

 

יעט to cover.

    — Qal - יָעַט (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 61:10 in the form יֽעָטָנִי (= he covered me).] [Secondary form of עטה.]

 

יְעִידָה f.n. PBH 1 appointment, assignment, designation. 2 meeting, assembly. [Verbal n. of יָעַד. See יעד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יָעִיל adj. NH efficient, effective. [From עיל.] Derivative: יֽעִילוּת.

 

יְעִילוּת f.n. NH efficiency, effectiveness. [Formed from יָעִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יעל to be of use, profit, benefit.

    — Hiph. - הוֹעִיל was of use, profited, benefited, available.

    — Pi. - יִעֵל he made efficient.

    — Pu. - יֻעַל was made efficient.

    — Nith. - נִתְיַעֵל became efficient. [Possibly related to Arab. wa‘ala (= he looked for shelter on a hill.] Derivatives: הִתְיַעֲלוּת, יִעוּל, יָעִיל, יַעַל, מוֹעִיל, תּוֹעֶלֶת. cp. the second element in בְּלִיַּעַל.

 

יַֽעַל m.n. NH efficiency, effectiveness. [From יעל.]

 

יָעֵל m.n. mountain-goat. [Related to Aram. יִעֵילָא, Syr. יַעְלָא, Ugar. y‘l, Arab. wa‘al, wa’l, Ethiop. wā‘l (= mountain-goat).] Derivatives: יַעֲלָה.

 

יַעֲלָה f.n. 1 female mountain-goat (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 5:19 in the fig. phrase יַעֲלַת־חֵן, ‘a graceful woman’). MH 2 (after יַעֲלַת־חֵן) a graceful woman. [f. of יָעֵל.]

 

יַעֵן m.n. ostrich. [Prob. related to Arab. wa‘na (= desert), so that יָעֵן would lit. mean ‘inhabitant of the desert’. cp. the Arab. surname of the ostrich abu eṣṣaḥārā (= father of the deserts). According to some scholars the word יָעֵן would be related to Syr. יַעְנָא (= avaricious, greedy), hence יָעֵן would properly mean ‘the voracious bird’. cp. יַעֲנָה.]

 

יַֽעַן ᴵ 1 because of. 2 because. [Orig. a noun meaning ‘purpose’, ‘intention’. Formed from ענה ᴵ.]

 

יַֽעַן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH reference, as in סִפִרֵי־יַעַן (= books of reference). [From ענה ᴵᴵ. cp. יַעַן ᴵ.]

 

יַעֲנָה f.n. female ostrich. [f. of יָעֵן.]

 

יעף to be weary, faint.

    — Qal - יָעַף he was weary, he fainted. [Arab. waghafa (= he ran and showed weariness). cp. עיף.] Derivatives: יָעֵף and prob. מוּעָף ᴵ.

 

יָעֵף adj. tired, weary, faint. [From יעף. cp. עָיֵף.]

 

יְעָף m.n. weariness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Dan. 9:21 in the phrase מֻעָף בִּיעָף, which prob. means ‘weary with weariness’; i.e. ‘utterly weary’). [Prob. from יעף.]

 

יעץ to advise, give counsel.

    — Qal - יָעַץ 1 he advised, gave counsel; 2 he planned.

    — Niph. - נוֹעַץ 1 he consulted, took counsel; 2 he decided.

    — Pi. - יִעֵץ he advised, gave counsel.

    — Hith. - הִחְיָעֵץ he consulted, took counsel together. [BAram. יעט (= to advise), Aram. יְעַט and יֽעַץ (= he advised), Arab. waaẓa (= he exhorted, admonished). cp. base עוץ.] Derivatives: יוֹעֵץ, יָעוּץ, יִעוּץ, הִוָּעֲצוּת, הִתֽיַעֲצוּת, מוֹעָצָה, מוֹעֵצָה, מֽיַעֵץ, עֵצָה.

 

יַֽעַר ᴵ m.n. (pl. יֽעָרוֹת) forest, wood. [Related to Aram.–Syr. יַעְרָא (= thicket), Ugar. y‘r (= thicket, forest), Arab. wa‘r (= track covered with stones), Ethiop. war‘ (= difficult to understand).] Derivatives: יער, יַעֲרִי, יַעֲרָן.

 

יַֽעַר ᴵᴵ m.n. honeycomb. [Related to Ethiop. wa‘ār (= honeycomb).] Derivatives: יַעְרָה.

 

יער to afforest.

    — Pi. - יִעֵר he afforested.

    — Pu. - יֻעַר was afforested. [Denominated from יַעַר ᴵ.] Derivatives: יָעוּר, יִעוּר, מְיֻעָר.

 

יַעְרָה f.n. honeycomb (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 14:27 in the c. st.). [f. of יַעַר ᴵᴵ.]

 

יַעֲרִי adj. MH of the forest, sylvan. [Formed from יַעַר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יַעֲרָן m.n. NH forester. [Formed from יַעַר ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: יַעֲרָנוּת.

 

יַעֲדָנוּת f.n. NH forestry, silviculture. [Formed from יַעֲרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַפַּאי m.n. NH beautifier, cosmetician. Nomen opificis, formed from יִפָּה (= he beautified), Pi. of יפה.]

 

יפה to be fair, be beautiful.

    — Qal - יָפָה was fair, was beautiful.

    — Pi. - יִפָּה 1 he beautified; PBH 2 he ameliorated, improved.

    — Pu. - יֻפָּה PBH 1 was beautified; NH 2 was ameliorated, was improved.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַפָּה he beautified himself. [Syr. פַּאי (= to be becoming, be comely), פַּאיָא (= becoming, comely, beautiful), Arab. wafa(y), OSArab. ופי (= to be whole, be safe), Ethiop. tawafaya (= was whole, gave over to).] Derivatives: הִתְיַפּוּת, יַפַּאי, יָפֶה, יִפּוּי, יָפִי, מְיֻפֶּה, יפיף.

 

יָפֶה adj. & adv. 1 fair, handsome, beautiful. PBH 2 good. 3 beautifully, well, right. [From יפה.]

 

יְפֵהפֶה, יְפֵיפֶה adj. beautiful (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 46:20 in the f., spelled יֽפֵה־פִיָּה). [Reduplication of יָפֶה.]

 

יִפּוּי m.n. PBH beautification. [Verbal n. of יִפָּה (= he beautified), Pi. of יפה.]

 

יפח to puff out, pant, gasp.

    — Hith. - הִתֽיַפַּח he puffed, panted, gasped, sobbed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 4:31 in the form הִתֽיַפֵּחַ). [Related to the bases פוח and נפח.] Derivative: הִתְיַפְּחוּת. cp. יָפֵחַ.

 

יָפֵֽחַ adj. breathing, puffiing out (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 27:12 in the phrase יֽפֵחַ חָמָס (= such as breathes out violence). [According to some scholars derived from יפח, according to others standing for פָּיִיחַ, from base פוח.]

 

יִפְחָה f.n. NH whine, sobbing. [Formed from יפח with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יֳפִי m.n. beauty, splendor. [From יפה. The form יֹפִי given by other lexicographers, is wrong. It is the pausal form (see Is. 3:24; Ezek. 27:3; 28:12; Ps. 50:2; Lam. 2:15). The regular form יָפִי may be inferred from nouns of the same pattern, like חֳלִי (q.v.).] Derivative: יָפְיוּת.

 

יָפְיוּת f.n. PBH beauty. [Formed from יֳפִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יפיף to be or make very beautiful.

    — Qal - יָפְיָפָה was very beautiful (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 45:3 in the form יָפְיָפִיתָ).

    — Pilp. - יִפֽיֵף he beautified.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַפְיֵף he beautified himself. [Reduplicated from יפה.] Derivatives: הִתֽיַפְיְפוּת, יְפֵיפוּת, מְיֻפְיָף.

 

יְפֵיפֶה adj. PBH very beautiful. [See יֽפֵהפֶה.] Derivative: יְפֵיפוּת.

 

יְפֵיפוּת f.n. PBH beauty. [Formed from יֽפֵיפֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יפע to shine forth, cause to shine.

    — Hiph. - הוֹפִיעַ 1 he shone forth; 2 he caused to shine; NH 3 it was published. [Aram. יֽפַע (= it shone), Ugar. up (= to be high), Arab. yafa‘a (= was high), OSArab. יפע (= to raise, heighten), Akka. wapū (= to be visible), shūpū (= to shine, cause to shine).] Derivatives: יֶפַע, יִפֽעָה, הוֹפָצָה, מוֹפָע, מוֹפָעָה, מֵיפָע, תּוֹפָעָה.

 

יֶֽפַע m.n. NH beauty, splendor. [From יפע.]

 

יִפְעָה beauty, splendor. [Formed from יפע with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַפְרוּק m.n. NH Anabasis (a plant). [From פֶּרֶק.]

 

יצא to go or come out.

    — Qal - יָצָא he went out, came out, went forth, came forth.

    — Hiph. - הוֹצִיא 1 he brought out, brought forth, carried out; PBH 2 he released, discharged; PBH 3 he excluded; PBH 4 he spent; NH 5 he published (short for הוֹצִיא לָאוֹר).

    — Hoph. - הוּצָא 1 was brought forth, was taken out; PBH 2 was spent.

    — Pi. - יִצֵּא he exported.

    — Pu. - יֻצָּא was exported. [Aram. יְעָא (= went forth; burst forth, bloomed), Ugar. yṣ’ (= to go out), Ethiop. waḍa’a (= went out), Arab. waḍu’a (= was or became beautiful, neat or clean), Akka. aṣū, earlier waṣū (= to go out; to rise — said of the sun). cp. אַסְיָה.] Derivatives: יוֹצְאָנִית, יְצוּא, יִצּוּא, יָצִיא ᴵ, יָצִיא ᴵᴵ, יֽצִיאָה, יַצְאָן, יַצְאָנוּת, הוֹצָאָה, הַמּוֹצִיא, מוֹצָא, מוּצָא, מְיֻצָּא, תּוֹצָאָה, צֶאֱצָא.

 

יַצְאָן adj. MH gadabout. [Formed from יָצָא with adj. suff. ◌ָן. cp. יַצְאָנוּת.]

 

יַצְאָנוּת f.n. NH harlotry, prostitution. [Formed from יַצֽאָנִית with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַצְאָנִית f.n. MH 1 a gadabout woman. NH 2 prostitute. [Properly subst. use of the f. of יַצְאָן.]

 

יצב to station oneself, take one’s stand.

    — Pi. - יִצֵּב (back formation from הִהֽיַצֵּב). MH 1 he set, placed; NH 2 he stabilized, consolidated, strengthened, made firm.

    — Pu. - יֻצַּב was stabilized, was consolidated, was strengthened, was made firm.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַצֵּב 1 he stationed himself, took his stand; 2 he stood up for; NH 3 he presented himself. [Aram. יַצֵּב (= he set, placed), BAram. לְיַצָּבָא (= to make certain), BAram. and Aram. יַצִּיב (= certain, true), Aram. יַצִּיבָא (= native, citizen), Arab. waṣaba (= was firm, was constant). A collateral form of stem נצב.] Derivatives: הִתֽיַצְּבוּת, יִצּוּב, יַצִּיב, יִצִיבָה, מְיֻצָּב.

 

יצג to set, place.

    — Pi. - יִצֵּג he represented.

    — Pu. - יֻצַּג was represented.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַצֵּג he presented himself, was presented.

    — Hiph. - הִצִּיג 1 he set, placed; 2 he presented, introduced; NH 3 he presented (said of theatrical performances).

    — Hoph. - הֻצֵּג 1 was stayed, was detained; NH 2 was presented, was introduced; NH 3 was presented (said of theatrical performances). [Of uncertain etymology; possibly related to יצק. cp. צוג.] Derivatives: יִצּוּג, יְצִיגָה, הֶצֵּג, הַצָּגָה, מְיַצֵּג, מְיֻצָּג, מַצָּג, מֻצָּג, מַצִּיג, נָצִיג, תּוֹצָגָה, תּֽצוּגָה.

 

יִצְהָר m.n. fresh oil. [Derived from צהר and either meaning ‘that which newly appears’ or ‘that which shines’.]

 

יִצּוּא m.n. NH exportation. [Verbal n. of יִצֵּא. See יצא and cp. יְצוּא. cp. also the antonym יִבּוּא.]

 

יְצוּא m.n. NH export. [Coined by the Hebrew poet H.N. Bialik, 1873–1934, from יצא. cp. הוֹצָאָה and יָצִיא ᴵᴵ. cp. also the antonym יֽבוּא.] Derivative: יֽצוּאָן.

 

יְצוּאָן m.n. exporter. [Formed from יְצוּא with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. יְבוּאָן.]

 

יִצּוּב m.n. MH stabilization, consolidation, strengthening. [Verbal n. of יִצֵּב. See יצב.]

 

יִצּוּג m.n. NH representation. [Verbal n. of יִצֵּג (= he represented). See יצג.]

 

יִצּוּגִי adj. NH representative. [Formed from יִצּוּג with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יָצוּל m.n. PBH crosspiece or handle of a plow. [cp. Arab. yāṣūl, of s.m.]

 

יָצֽוּעַ m.n. couch, bed. [From יצע.]

 

יָצוּק adj. cast (said of metal). [Pass. part. of יָצַק. See יצק.]

 

יְצוּקָה f.n. casting (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 7:24 in the form בִּיצֻקָתוֹ, ‘in its casting’). [From יצק, properly f. part. of יָצַק.]

 

יְצוּקִים m.n. pl. 1 the pious, the righteous. 2 the heavens. [A secondary form of מֽצוּקִים (q.v.).]

 

יְצוּרִ m.n. PBH creature. [From יצר. cp. יְצִיר.]

 

יָצוּר adj. MH created. [Pass. part. of יָצַר. See יצר.] Derivative: יְצוּרִי.

 

יִצּוּר m.n. NH production. [Verbal n. of יִצֵּר (= he produced), Pi. of יצר.]

 

יְצוּרִי adj. MH imaginative. [Formed from יָצוּר with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יָצִיא ᴵ adj. coming forth, one gone forth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. II 32:21 in the c. st. of the pl.). [From יָצָא.]

 

יָצִיא ᴵᴵ NH exportable. [Coined from יצא according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

יְצִיאָה f.n. PBH 1 going out, departure. 2 expense. 3 discharge of the bowels. [Verbal n. of יָצָא (= he went out). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַצִּיב adj. PBH 1 firm, solid. 2 true. 3 stable, steady. [Aram.; see יצב.] Derivative: יַצִּיבוּת.

 

יְצִיבָה f.n. PBH standing, posture, carriage. [Formally, verbal n. of יָצַב. See יצב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַצִּיבוּת f.n. NH 1 firmness. 2 stability. [Formed from יַצִּיב with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יָצִיג adj. NH representative. [Coined from יצג according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

יְצִיגָה f.n. MH standing. [From יצג. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יָצִֽיעַ m.n. NH 1 balcony, gallery. 2 wing of a building. MH 3 mattress. [From יצע.]

 

יָצִיק adj. NH castable (said of metal). [Coined from יצק (= to cast), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: יְצִיקוּת.

 

יְצִיקָה f.n. PBH 1 casting (of metal). 2 pouring. [Verbal n. of יָצַק. See יצק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְצִיקוּת f.n. NH castability (of metal). [Formed from יָצִיק with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יְצִיר m.n. PBH creature. [From יצר. cp. יְצוּר.]

 

יְצִירָה f.n. PBH formation, creation. [Verbal n. of יָצַר. See יצר and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: יְצִירִי, יֽצִירָתִי.

 

יְצִירִי adj. NH 1 formative, creative. MH 2 ethical, moral. [Formed from יֽצִירָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. יֽצִירָתִי.]

 

יְצִירָתִי adj. NH formative, creative. [Formed from יְצִירָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. יֽצִירִי.] Derivative: יֽצִירָתִיּוּת.

 

יְצִירָתִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 creativeness. 2 creativity. [Formed from יֽצִירָתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יצע to lay, spread.

    — Hiph. - הִצִּיעַ 1 he laid out, made his bed, spread out; PBH 2 he unfolded, arranged; NH 3 he proposed.

    — Hoph. - הֻצַּע 1 was laid out, was spread out; NH 2 was proposed, was suggested, was offered. [Aram. יַצַּע, אַצַּא (= he laid, he expounded), Arab. waḍa’a (= he laid down).] Derivatives: יָצוּעַ, יָצִיעַ, יֶצַע, הֶצֵּעַ, הַצָּעָה, מַצָּע, מֻצָּע.

 

יֶֽצַע m.n. MH background. [From יצע.]

 

יצק to pour, to cast (metal).

    — Qal - יָצַק 1 he poured out; 2 he cast (metal).

    — Niph. - נוֹצַק and נִצַּק MH 1 was poured out; 2 was cast (said of metal).

    — Hiph. - הִצִּיק , also הוֹצִיק 1 he poured out; 2 he set, placed.

    — Hoph. - הוּצַק 1 was poured out; 2 was cast. [Ugar. yṣq (= to pour, to cast). Related to צוק ᴵ, possibly also to יצג.] Derivatives: הַצָּקָה, יָצוּק, יֽצוּקָה, יְצוּקִים, יְצִיקָה, יֶצֶק, יַצֶּקֶת, מוּצָק ᴵ, מוּצָקָה, מַצֶּקֶת, נִצּוֹק, מִצֵּק. cp. צִיק.

 

יֶֽצֶק m.n. NH cast. [From יצק.]

 

יַצֶּֽקֶת f.n. NH cast-iron. [From יצק. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

יצר to form, fashion, create; to provide.

    — Qal - יָצַר 1 he formed, fashioned, created; 2 he framed, devised; NH 3 he composed (a literary or scientific work, etc.).

    — Niph. - נוֹצַר 1 was formed, was fashioned, was created; 2 was established, was founded.

    — Pi. - יִצֵּר he manufactured, produced, made.

    — Pu. - יֻצַּר was manufactured, was produced, was made.

    — Hoph. - הוּצַר was formed, was fashioned, was made. [Ugar. yṣr (= to create, shape), Phoen. יצר (= potter), Akka. eṣēru (= to draw, shape, form). cp. צור ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: הִוָּצְרוּת, יוֹצֵר, יְצוּר, יָצוּר, יִצּוּר, יְצִיר, יְצִירָה, יֵצֶר, יַצְּרָן, מוּצָר, מִיצוֹר, מְיֻצָּר, תּוֹצָר, תּוֹצֶרֶת.

 

יֵֽצֶר f.n. 1 form, framing. 2 imagination, purpose. 3 impulse, bent, inclination. NH 4 instinct. [From יצר. Aram. יִצְרָא (= bent, inclination), Syr. יַצְרָא (= propensity, natural disposition, bent, inclination), are Hebrew loan words.]

 

יַצְּרָן m.n. NH producer, manufacturer. [From יצר.] Derivatives: יַצְּרָנוּת, יַצְּרָנִי.

 

יַצְּרָנוּת f.n. NH productivity. [Formed from יַצְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַצְּרָנִי adj. NH productive. [Formed from יַצְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יצת to kindle, burn.

    — Qal - יָצַת it burned.

    — Niph. - נִצַּת was kindled, was burned.

    — Hiph. - הִצִּית he kindled, set on fire.

    — Hoph. - הֻצַּת was kindled, was set on fire. [Of unknown etymology. cp. צות ᴵ. cp. also צתת.] Derivatives: הַצָּתָה, מַצִּית, מַצָּת, מַצֵּת, מֻצָּת.

 

יֶֽקֶב m.n. 1 wine vat, winepress. NH 2 winecellar. [Related to Arab. waqb (= hollow, cavity). cp. קֵבָה.] Derivative: יקב.

 

יקב to make a wine vat; to work in a winecellar.

    — Qal - יָקַב PBH 1 he made a wine vat. NH 2 he worked in a winecellar. [From יֶקֶב.]

 

יקד to be kindled, burn.

    — Qal - יָקַד it was kindled, burned.

    — Niph. - נוֹקַד was kindled.

    — Hiph. - הוֹקִיד he kindled, set on fire.

    — Hoph. - הוּקַד was kindled, was kept burning.

    — Nith. - נִתּוֹקַד was kindled, was set on fire.

    — Pi. - יִקֵּד he kindled, was set on fire. [Aram. יְקֵד (= it burned), whence BAram. f. act. part. יָקִדֽתָּא) (= burning); Arab. waqada (= it burned), Akka. qādu (= to kindle).] Derivatives: הַקָּדָה, יָקוּד ᴵ, יָקוּד ᴵᴵ, יֽקוֹד, יֽקִידָה, מוֹקֵד, מִקּוּד.

 

יִקְהָה f.n. a Biblical word (Gen. 49:10, Pr. 30:17) prob. meaning ‘obedience’. [Prob. related to Arab. waqiha (= was obedient), Akka. utaqqū (= to obey).]

 

יָקוּד ᴵ adj. MH burning. [Act. part. of יָקַד (= was kindled, burned). See יקד and cp. יָקוּד ᴵᴵ.]

 

יָקוּד ᴵᴵ m.n. hearth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 30:14). [Properly subst. use of the pass. part. of יָקַד and lit. meaning ‘that which is kindled’.]

 

יְקוֹד m.n. burning (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 10:16). [Properly inf. c. st. of יָקַד. See יקד.]

 

יְקוּם m.n. 1 substance, existence. NH 2 world, universe. [From קום (= to stand). cp. יֽבוּל, יֽתוּר.] Derivative: יְקוּמִי.

 

יְקוּמִי adj. NH cosmic, universal. [Formed from יְקוּם with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יִקּוּר m.n. MH 1 honouring. NH 2 making dear. [Verbal n. of יִקֵּר, Pi. of יקר.]

 

יָקוֹשׁ, יָקוּשׁ m.n. fowler, hunter, trapper. [From יקשׁ.]

 

יְקִידָה f.n. PBH burning. [Verbal n. of יָקַד. See יקד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְקִיזָה f.n. PBH bloodletting. [Back formation from הִקִּיז (= he let blood) which was derived from a base יקז (in reality the base is נקז). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יָקִינְטוֹן m.n. FW hyacinth. [Gk. hyakintos (= wild hyacinth, bluebell). See ‘hyacinth’ in my CEDEL.]

 

יְקִיעָה f.n. NH dislocation. [Verbal n. of יָקַע. See יקע and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. נְקִיעָה.]

 

יְקִיצָה f.n. MH awakening. [Verbal n. of יָקַץ. See יקץ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַקִּיר adj. 1 dear, beloved. PBH 2 honorable, respectable. [From יקר. cp. Aram.–Syr. יַקִּיר (= weighty, precious, honored).]

 

◌ִיקָן agential suff. added to words of foreign origin, as in תֵּאוֹרֶטִיקָן (= theoretician). [Properly a back formation from words like מָתֶמָטִיקָן (= mathematician) whose ending ◌ִיקָן was misinterpreted as a suff. In reality, מָתֶמָטִיקָן is formed from מָתֶמָטִיקָה (= mathematics) with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

יקע to be out of joint, be dislocated.

    — Qal - יָקַע 1 was out of joint, was dislocated; 2 was alienated, was estranged.

    — Hiph. - הוֹקִיעַ 1 he hanged, impaled (the orig. meaning was perhaps ‘he broke somebody’s legs or arms’); NH 2 he stigmatized.

    — Hoph. - הוּקַע 1 was hanged, was impaled; NH 2 was stigmatized. [Arab. waqa‘a (= he fell, fell down, fell upon; it befell), qa‘qa‘a (= it cracked — said of the sound made by spraining one’s foot). A collateral form of נקע. cp. וֶגָה.] Derivatives: הוֹקָעָה, יֽקִיעָה, מוּקָע.

 

יקץ to be awake.

    — Qal imperf. - יִיקֵץ he will awake (the perf. is formed from base קיץ). [Arab. yaqiẓa (= was awake). cp. the collateral bases קיץ and קוץ ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: יֽקִיצָה, יָקֵץ, קִיצָה ᴵ.

 

יָקֵץ adj. MH awake. [From יקץ.]

 

יקר to be precious, be dear.

    — Qal - יָקַר 1 was dear, was precious, was costly; PBH 2 was heavy.

    — Pi. - יִקֵּר PBH 1 he held dear, honored; MH 2 he made dear, enhanced the price of.

    — Pu. - יֻקַּר PBH 1 was held dear, was honored; NH 2 was made dear, its price was enhanced.

    — Nith. - נִתְיַקֵּר PBH 1 became heavy; MH 2 he praised himself, boasted; MH 3 its price increased.

    — Hiph. - הוֹקִיר 1 he made precious, enhanced the price of; PBH 2 he honored; PBH 3 it rose in price.

    — Hoph. - הוּקַר it became dear, rose in price. [Aram. יְקַר (= was heavy, was precious), Ugar. ygr, grt (= honor), Arab. waqara (= was heavy), waqqara (= he honored), waqār (= dignity), Akka. aqāru (= to be precious, be costly).] Derivatives: הוֹקָרָה, הִתְיַקְּרוּת, יִקּוּר, יַקִּיר, יָקָר, יֹקֶר, יְקָר, יֻקְרָה, יַקְרוּת, יַקְרָן, מוֹקִיר.

 

יָקָר adj. 1 precious, costly, dear. 2 rare. [From יקר.]

 

יֹֽקֶר m.n. PBH dearness, high price. [From יקר.]

 

יְקָר m.n. preciousness, price, honor. [From יקר. cp. Arab. waqār (= dignity).]

 

יֻקְרָה f.n. NH prestige. [Coined by the Hebrew Academy from יָקָר (= dear), with subst. suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יַקְרוּנִית f.n. NH the horned beetle (a family of beetles). [From קֶרֶן (= horn).]

 

יַקְרוּת f.n. PBH 1 dignity. NH 2 dearness, high price. [Formed from יקר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַקְרָן m.n. NH one who charges high prices for his goods. [Formed from יקר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: יַקְרָנוּת.

 

יָקָרַנְדָּה f.n. FW jacaranda. [Portuguese jacarandá, from Tupi yacarandá.]

 

יַקְרָנוּת f.n. NH charging high prices. [Formed from יַקְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יקשׁ to lay a bait, lay snares.

    — Qal - יַקַשׁ he laid a bait, laid snares.

    — Niph. - נוֹקַשׁ was ensnared.

    — Pu. - יֻקַּשׁ was ensnared. [Related to the bases נקשׁ ᴵᴵ, קושׁ.] Derivatives: יוֹקֵשׁ, יוּקָשׁ, יָקוּשׁ, מוֹקֵשׁ, מקשׁ. cp. קֶשֶׁת.

 

ירא to fear.

    — Qal - יָרֵא 1 he feared, was afraid; 2 he revered, honored.

    — Niph. - נוֹרָא 1 was feared; 2 was fearful, was dreadful; 3 was awe-inspiring, was revered.

    — Pi. - יֵרֵא he made afraid, terrified.

    — Pu. - יֹרָא was frightened.

    — Hith. and Nith. - הִתְיָרֵא, נִתְיָרֵא 1 he feared, was afraid; 2 was feared. [Ugar. yr’ (= to fear).] Derivatives: יָרֵא (adj.), יִרְאָה, יָראוּי, יָרוּא, יֵרוּא, מוֹרָא, מְיֹרָא, נוֹרָא.

 

יָרֵא adj. 1 fearing, fearful. 2 timid. 3 revering. [Part. of יָרֵא; see ירא.]

 

יִרְאָה f.n. 1 fear. 2 terror. 3 reverence. [Properly inf. of ירא (= to fear).]

 

יָראוּי adj. PBH feared, fearful. [Pass. part. of ירא.]

 

יַרְאוֹר m.n. NH spotlight projector. [Compounded of יָרָה (= he threw) and אוֹר (= light).]

 

יַרְבּוּז m.n. PBH 1 a kind of vegetable mentioned in the Talmud. NH 2 Amaranthus (plant). [Pers. yārbūz, whence also Aram. יַרְבּוּזָא, Arab. yarbūz (= marjoram).]

 

יַרְבּֽוּעַ m.n. NH jerboa (a kind of a mouselike rodent). [Arab. yarbū‘.]

 

יַרְגָּזִי m.n. NH titmouse (bird). [Coined by Mendele Mocher Sepharim, c. 1836–1917, from רגז (= to be excited); so called by him in allusion to the alleged angriness of this bird.]

 

ירד to come or go down, descend.

    — Qal - יָרַד he came down, went down, descended.

    — Hiph. - הוֹרִיד he caused to go down, led down, lowered.

    — Hoph. - הוּרַד 1 he was brought down; 2 he was removed. [Ugar. yrd, Akka. arādu, OSArab. ורד (= to go down, descend), Ethiop. warada (= he went down, descended), Arab. warada (= he came to, arrived at, descended), Syr. יַרְדָּא (= river; for the sense development cp. Hebrew נָזַל, ‘it flowed’, with the related Arab. nazala, ‘he went down, descended’).] Derivatives: יָרוּד, יֵרוּד, יָרִיד, יְרִידָה, הוֹרָדָה, מוֹרָד, מוּרָד.

 

יַרְדְּ m.n. FW yard. [Eng. yard (unit of length), from Old Eng. gierd, geard, gerd (= rod, stick, measure, yard), from IE base * ghasto-, * ghazdho- (= staff, pole), whence also L. hasta (= staff, shaft, spear). See first ‘yard’ in my CEDEL.]

 

ירהּ see רהה.

 

ירה ᴵ to throw, cast, shoot.

    — Qal - יָרָה he threw, cast, shot.

    — Niph. - נוֹרָה 1 was shot through (Ex. 19:13); NH 2 was shot.

    — Hiph. - הוֹרָה he shot.

    — Pu. - יֹרָה was shot. [Ugar. yry (= to throw, shoot), Ethiop. warawa, Modern Arab. warra (= he threw), OSArab. ורו (= to throw).] Derivatives: יוֹרֶה ᴵ, יוֹרֶה ᴵᴵ, יָרוּי, יְרִי, יֽרִיָּה, מוֹרֶה ᴵᴵ. cp. second element in לֽהַבְיוֹר.

 

ירה ᴵᴵ to teach, instruct.

    — Hiph. - הוֹרָה 1 he pointed out, showed; 2 he taught, instructed. [Aram. אוֹרִי (= he taught). Some scholars connect it with Arab. rawa(y) (= he handed down): some scholars compare SArab. rawwa(y), NArab. warra(y) (= he shows), others refer to Akka. (w)arū (= to guide).] Derivatives: הוֹרָאָה, הוֹרָיָה, מוֹרֶה ᴵ, תּוֹרָה.

 

יְרוֹאָר m.n. PBH Opopanax syriacum (plant). [Of unknown origin.]

 

יָרוּד adj. PBH 1 low, of little value. NH 2 degenerate. [Pass. part. of יָרַד. See ירד.] Derivative: יְרִידוּת.

 

יָרוֹד m.n. PBH white spot in the eye, cataract. [Of unknown etymology.]

 

יֵרוּד m.n. NH decrease, diminution. [From ירד.]

 

יֵרוּט m.n. NH interception (of an airplane). [Verbal n. of יֵרֵט. See ירט.]

 

יָרוּי adj. MH 1 shot. NH 2 shot at. [Pass. part. of יָרָה. See ירה ᴵ.]

 

יָרוֹק 1 green herb (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 39:8). 2 green (see יָרֹק). [A derivative of ירק ᴵᴵ.]

 

יְרוֹקָה f.n. PBH 1 seaweed, moss. 2 jaundice. [From ירק ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְרוֹקִית f.n. NH warbler (name of a bird). [Lit.: ‘the yellowish (bird)’. From ירק ᴵᴵ; so called from its color. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.]

 

יָרֵֽחַ m.n. moon. [Perhaps related to base ארח and lit. meaning ‘wanderer’. cp. Ugar. yrh, Ethiop. warh, Akka. warhu, later arhu (= moon, month), Arab. warraha, arraha (= he fixed a date, dated). cp. יֶרַח. cp. also תַּאֲרִיךְ (= date).] Derivative: יְרֵחִי.

 

יֶרֲח m.n. month. [See יָרֵחַ and cp. BAram. יֶרַח, Phoen. ירח. Aram.–Syr. יֵרְחָא (= month). cp. also the first element in מַרֽחֶשְׁוָן.] Derivatives: יַרְחוֹן, יַרְחִי.

 

יַרְחוֹן m.n. NH monthly. [Coined by Professor Joseph Klausner, 1874–1958, from יֶרַח (= month), and suff. ◌וֹן, on analogy of עִתּוֹן.]

 

יַרְחִי adj. NH monthly. [Formed from יֶרַח with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יְרֵחִי adj. MH pertaining to the moon, lunar. [Formed from יָרֵחַ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

ירט to be precipitate.

    — Qal - יָרַט 1 was precipitated; 2 he hurled down.

    — Pi. - יֵרֵט he intercepted (an airplane).

    — Pu. - יֹרַט was intercepted (said of an airplane). [Arab. warrata (= he threw).] Derivatives: יֵרוּט, יְרִיטָה, מְיֹרָט.

 

יְרִי m.n. NH shoot, shot, shooting. [From ירה ᴵ.]

 

יָרִיב m.n. adversary, opponent, rival. [From ריב (= to strive, quarrel). According to some scholars, יָרִיב is a metathesis form for רייב.] Derivative: יְרִיבוּת.

 

יְרִיבוּת f.n. NH opposition, rivalry. [Formed from יָרִיב with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יָרִיד m.n. PBH fair, market. [Derived from ירד and properly denoting a place to which people descend for the sake of marketing.] Derivative: יְרִידַאי.

 

יְרִידַאי m.n. NH market-man. [Formed from יָרִיד with suff. ◌ִאי.]

 

יְרִידָה f.n. PBH 1 going down, descent. PBH 2 fall, decline. NH 3 emigration from Israel. [Verbal n. of יָרַד. See ירד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְרִידוּת f.n. NH degeneration. [Formed from יָרוּד with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יְרִיָּה f.n. MH shooting. [Verbal n. of יָדָה. See ירה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְרִיטָה f.n. NH 1 skid (of an airplane). 2 interception (of an airplane). [Verbal n. of יָרַט. See ירט and first suff. ◌ָה]

 

יְרִיעָה f.n. curtain, hanging. [Together with Aram. יְרִיעֲתָא, Syr. יָרִיעֲתָא, of uncertain origin.]

 

יְרִיקָה f.n. NH spitting, expectoration. [Verbal n. of יָרַק. See ירק ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יָרֵךְ f.n. (dual יְרֵכַיִם, pl. יֽרֵכוֹת) 1 thigh, loin. 2 side, flank. 3 leg (of a letter). [Related to BAram. יַרְכָּה, Aram. יַרְכָּא (= loin), Arab. warik (= hip), Akka. arku, arkatu (= back, rear, future).] Derivative: יַרֽכָה.

 

יַרְכָה f.n. (dual יַרְכָתַיִם) 1 hinder part, hinder side. 2 (dual) innermost parts, recesses. 3 (dual) remote parts. [f. formed from יָרֵךְ.] Derivative: יַרְכָּתוֹן.

 

יַרְכָּתוֹן m.n. NH feuilleton. [Formed from יַרְכָה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

יַרְמוּלְקָה f.n. FW ‘yarmulka’ — a skullcap worn esp. by observant Jews. [Ukrainian and Polish yarmulka, of uncertain origin. It possibly derives from Turkish yaǧmurluk (= raincoat), from yaǧmur (= rain).]

 

ירע to quiver.

    — Qal - יָרֵע he quivered (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 15:4 in the sentence נַפְשׁוֹ יָרְעָה לוֹ (= his soul quivers within him). [Arab. wara‘a (= was timid), wara‘ (= pious fear).]

 

ירק ᴵ to spit.

    — Qal - יָרֵק he spat, expectorated.

    — Niph. - נוֹרַק was spat, was expectorated. [A secondary form of base רקק ᴵ.] Derivative: יְרִיקָה.

 

ירק ᴵᴵ to be or grow green.

    — Qal intr. v. -

    — Pi. - יֵרֵק he colored with green.

    — Pu. - יֹרַק was colored with green.

    — Nith. - נִתְיָרֵק became green.

    — Hiph. - הוֹרִיק 1 he became green; 2 he made green. [Aram. אוֹרִיק (= grew green), Ugar. yrq, Akka. arāqu (= to grow pale; said of the face), arqu (= yellow, green), Arab. waraq (= leaf), Ethiop. warq (= gold). Base of יָרָק, יָרֹק, יֶרֶק, יֵרָקוֹן, יְרַקֽרַק.] Derivatives: הוֹרָקָה, מוֹרִיק.

 

יָרָק m.n. (pl. יֽרָקוֹת) green herbs, herbage. [From ירק ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: יַרֽקָן.

 

יֶֽרֶק m.n. (pl. יְרָקוֹת) green, greenness. [From ירק ᴵᴵ.]

 

יָרֹק adj. green, yellow (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 39:8; spelled יָרוֹק). [See יָרוֹק.] Derivatives: יָרַק ᴵᴵ, יַרְקוֹן, יַרְקוּת.

 

יֵרָקוֹן m.n. 1 paleness. 2 mildew. PBH 3 jaundice. [Formed from ירק ᴵᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

 

יַרְקוֹן m.n. NH finch (bird; lit.: ‘the green’). [Coined by Mendele Mocher Sepharim, c. 1836–1917, from יָרֹק (= green) with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

יַרְקוּת f.n. MH greenness; yellowness. [Formed from ירק ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַרְקָן m.n. NH 1 green-grocer. 2 vegetable grower. [Formed from יָרָק with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: יַרְקָנוּת.

 

יַרְקָנוּת f.n. NH 1 vegetable growing. 2 selling vegetables. [Formed from יַרֽקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יְרַקְרַק adj. greenish. [Formed from ירק ᴵᴵ with reduplication of the second and third radical. See אֲדַמֽרַּם and cp. words there referred to.] Derivative: יְרַקְרַקּוּת.

 

יְרַקְרַקּוּת f.n. NH green color, greenishness. [Formed from יֽרַקְרַק with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יְרֹֽקֶת f.n. NH moss, green algae (on stagnant water). [From ירק ᴵᴵ. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

ירשׁ ᴵ to inherit, take possession of.

    — Qal - יָרַשׁ he took possession of, inherited.

    — Niph. - נוֹרֵשׁ was dispossessed of.

    — Pi. - יֵרֵשׁ he took possession of.

    — Hiph. - הוֹרִישׁ 1 he caused to possess, made to inherit; 2 he dispossessed, drove out. [Aram. יְרֵית (= he inherited, took possession of), Ugar. yrt (= to take possession of), Arab. waritha, Ethiop. warasa (= he inherited), OSArab. ורתֿ (= to inherit). The orig. meaning of this base prob. was ‘to seize, catch’. See רֶשֶׁת.] Derivatives: יוֹרֵשׁ, יְרֵשָׁה, יְרֻשָּׁה, הוֹרָשָׁה, מוֹרִישׁ ᴵ, מוֹרִישׁ ᴵᴵ, מוֹרָשָׁה, רֶשֶׁת, תּוֹרָשָׁה, prob. also תִּירוֹשׁ.

 

ירשׁ ᴵᴵ to make poor, impoverish.

    — Niph. - נוֹרַשׁ was impoverished, became poor.

    — Hiph. - הוֹרִישׁ he made poor, impoverished. [Related to רישׁ.] Derivative: מוֹרִישׁ ᴵᴵ.

 

יְרֵשָׁה f.n. inheritance, heritage (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 24:18). [Formed from ירשׁ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְרֻשָּׁה f.n. 1 inheritance, heritage. 2 possession. [From ירשׁ.]

 

יֵשׁ 1 there is, there are. 2 possession, property. MH 3 existence, substance, reality. [Related to BAram. אִיתַי, Aram.-Syr. אית (= is), Akka. ishu (= to be), and to the negative form: Aram. לַיִת, לֵית, Syr. לַיְת (for לָא אִית), Arab. laysa (= is not), from lā (= not), and * yisa (= Heb. יֵשׁ), Akka. lashshu, for lā ishu (= not to be). cp. תּוּשִּׁיָּה. cp. also לֵית and first element in אִכָּא.] Derivatives: יֵשׁוּת, יֶשְׁנוּת.

 

ישׁב to sit, remain, dwell.

    — Qal - יָשַׁב 1 he sat; 2 he remained, stayed; 3 he dwelled, resided.

    — Niph. - נוֹשַׁב was inhabited, was populated, was settled.

    — Pi. - יִשֵּׁב 1 he set (the mind) at ease; MH 4 he explained.

    — Pu. - יֻשַּׁב PBH 1 was settled, was populated, was colonized; MH 2 was explained.

    — Hith. - הִתְיַשֵּׁב PBH 1 was settled, was populated; MH 2 was explained; NH 3 he settled himself (tr.), settled (intr.).

    — Hiph. - הוֹשִׁיב 1 he caused to sit, set, seated; 2 he caused to dwell, populated; PBH 3 he appointed.

    — Hoph. - הוּשַׁב 1 was made to sit; 2 was made to dwell, was populated. [Aram. יְתֵב (= he sat, he dwelled). Ugar. yṯb (= to sit; to dwell), Akka. ashābu, earlier form washābu (= to sit; to dwell), Arab. wathaba (= he leapt, jumped), SArab. washaba (= he sat; he dwelled), Ethiop. ausaba (he married; lit.: ‘he caused to dwell’). Egypt. ’ sbt (= throne) is a Sem. loan word. cp. ‘machpane’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: הוֹשָׁבָה, הִתְיַשֵּׁב, הִתְיַשְּׁבוּת, יַשְּׁבָן, יָשׁוּב, יִשּׁוּב, מוֹשָׁב, מוֹשָׁבָה, מְיַשֵּׁב, מְיֻשָּׁב, מִתְיַשֵּׁב, נוֹשָׁב, שֶׁבֶת ᴵ, תּוֹשָׁב, תּוֹשֶׁבֶת. cp. יְתִיב, מוֹתָב, מְתִיבְתָא, תּוֹתָב ᴵᴵ.

 

יַשְּׁבָן m.n. NH 1 colonizer, settler. 2 bottom, posterior (vulg.). [Coined in sense 1 by Ithamar Ben-Avi, 1882–1943, from יִשֵּׁב (= he settled, colonized), Pi. of ישׁב. For the ending see agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: יַשְּׁבָנוּת, יַשְּׁבָנִי.

 

יַשְּׁבָנוּת f.n. NH colonization. [Formed from יַשְּׁבָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַשְּׁבָנִי adj. NH colonizing, colonizatory. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi from יַשְּׁבָן and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יָשׁוּב adj. NH 1 seated, sitting. PBH 2 settled, populated. [Pass. part. of יָשַׁב; see ישׁב.]

 

יִשּׁוּב m.n. 1 settlement. 2 inhabited place, inhabited land. MH 3 explanation. NH 4 population. [Properly verbal n. of יִשֵּׁב (= he settled, populated), Pi. of ישׁב.] Derivatives: יִשּׁוּבִי.

 

יִשּׁוּבִי adj. MH civilized, tamed. [Formed from יִשּׁוּב with suff. ◌י.]

 

יִשּׂוּם m.n. NH application. [Verbal n. of יִשֵּׂם. See ישׂם.]

 

יִשּׁוּן ᴵ m.n. NH putting to sleep. [Verbal n. of יִשֵּׁן (= he put to sleep), Pi. of ישׁן ᴵ.]

 

יִשּׁוּן ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH making old. [Verbal n. of יִשֵּׁן (= he made old), Pi. of ישׁן ᴵᴵ.]

 

יְשׁוּעָה f.n. 1 help. 2 salvation. 3 victory. 4 welfare, prosperity. [From ישׁע. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. תְּשׁוּעָה, a collateral form of יְשׁוּעָה.]

 

יֵשׁוּעִי m.n. NH Jesuit. [Formed from יֵשׁוּעַ (= Jesus), with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יֵשׁוּעִיּוּת.

 

יֵשׁוּעִיּוּת f.n. NH Jesuitism. [Formed from יֵשׁוּעִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יִשּׁוּר m.n. NH straightening. [Verbal n. of יִשִּׁר (= he straightened), Pi. of ישׁר.]

 

יְשׁוּרוּן see יְשֻׁרוּן.

 

יֵשׁוּת f.n. MH being, existence, reality. [Formed from יֵשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יֶֽשַׁח m.n. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Micah 6:14 in the phrase וְיְשֽׁחֵךָ בּֽקִרִבֶּךּ). [Of uncertain origin and meaning; usually rendered by ‘emptiness’ (of hunger).]

 

ישׁט to stretch, hold out, extend, reach.

    — Hiph. - הוֹשִׁיט he stretched, held out, extended, reached.

    — Hoph. - היּשַׁט was stretched, was held out, was extended. [Aram.–Syr. אוֹשֵׁט (= he held out, extended), Akka. ashtu (= extended), mighty), Arab. wasaṭa (= he penetrated into the middle).] Derivatives: הוֹשָׁטָה, מוּשָׁט ᴵ, מוֹשָׁיט.

 

יְשִׁיבָה f.n. PBH 1 sitting. 2 dwelling. 3 meeting, session, 4 ‘yeshivah’ — a school for Talmudic studies. [Verbal n. of יָשַׁב (= he sat). See ישׁב and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. מֽתִיבֽתָּא.]

 

יָשִׂים adj. NH applicable. [Coined from ישׂם (= to apply), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

יְשִׁימוֹן m.n. waste, wilderness. [From ישׁם.]

 

יָשִׁיר adj. NH direct. [From ישׁר.]

 

יָשִׁישׁ m.n. 1 old man. PBH 2 a venerable person. Derivative: יֽשִׁישׁוּת.

 

יְשִׁישׁוּת f.n. MH old age. [Formed from יָשִׁישׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

ישׁם to be desolate.

    — Qal - יָשַׁם was desolate. [Secondary form of base שׁמם.] Derivative: יֽשִׁימוֹן.

 

ישׂם to apply.

    — Pi. - יִשֵּׂם he applied.

    — Pu. - יֻשַּׂם was applied. [Enlarged from base שׂים.] Derivatives: יִשּׂוּם, יָשִׂים.

 

ישׁן ᴵ to sleep.

    — Qal - יָשֵׁן he slept.

    — Pi. - יִשֵּׁן he made sleep, put to sleep.

    — Pu. - יֻשַּׁן was made to sleep, was put to sleep. [Ugar. yshm (= to sleep), Arab. wasina (= he slept, slumbered), Aram. שִׁינְתָא, Syr. שֵׁנֽתָא, Ugar. shnt, Akka. shittu (= sleep), shunatu, shuttu (= dream).] Derivatives: יִשּׁוּן ᴵ, יָשֵׁן, יַשְׁנוּנִי, יַשְׁנָן, שֵׁנָה, שְׁנָת, מְיֻשָּׁן ᴵ.

 

ישׁן ᴵᴵ to be old.

    — Niph. - נוֹשַׁן he grew old.

    — Pi. - יִשֵּׁן he made old.

    — Pu. - יֻשַּׁן was made old.

    — Nith. - נָתֽיַשֵּׁן became old. [Prob. sense enlargement of ישׁן ᴵ.] Derivatives: הִתֽיַשְּׁנוּת, יִשּׁוּן ᴵᴵ, יָשָׁן, יֹשֶן, יַשְׁנוּת, מְיֻשָּׁן ᴵᴵ, נוֹשָׁן.

 

יָשָׁן adj. old. [From ישׁן ᴵᴵ.]

 

יָשֵׁן adj. sleeping. [From ישׁן ᴵ.]

 

יִֹשֶׁן m.n. PBH oldness, former condition. [From ישׁן ᴵᴵ.]

 

יַשְׁנוּנִי adj. NH sleepy, drowsy, somnolent. [From ישׁן ᴵ.]

 

יַשְׁנוּת f.n. MH oldness. [Formed from ישׁן ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יֶשְׁנוּת f.n. NH existence. [Formed from יֵשׁ (= is, exists) with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַשְׁנָן m.n. NH sleepy-head, sluggard. [From יָשֵׁן with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

ישׁע to deliver.

    — Niph. - נוֹשַׁע was saved, was delivered, was helped.

    — Hiph. - הוֹשִׁיעַ he saved, delivered, helped. [Moabite ישע (= to help), Arab. wasi‘a (= was capacious). cp. שׁוע.] Derivatives: הוֹשָׁעָה, הִוָּשֽׁעוּת, הוֹשַׁעֽנָא, יְשׁוּעָה, יֵשַׁע, הוֹשַׁעְנָא, מוֹשִׁיעַ, מוֹשָׁעָה, תְּשׁוּעָה.

 

יִֽשַׁע, יֶֽשַׁע m.n. deliverance, salvation, welfare. [From ישׁע.]

 

יָשְׁפֵה m.n. jasper. [Prob. borrowed from yashupū (also ashpū), whence also Syr. יָשְׁפֵה, יַשֽׁפָא, Pers. yashm, whence Arab. Arab. yashb (= jasper). Gk. iaspis, whence L. iaspis, is a Sem. loan word. See ‘jasper’ in my CEDEL.]

 

ישׁר to be smooth, be straight, be right.

    — Qal - יָשַׁר he went straight, was straight, was right, was upright.

    — Pi. - יִשֵּׁר 1 he made smooth, made straight, made level; MH 2 he led straight, directed, guided; NH 3 he settled.

    — Pu. - יֻשַּׁר was made smooth, was straightened, was made level.

    — Nith. - הִתְיַשֵּׁר became straight, became right, became upright.

    — Hiph. - הֵישִׁיר he straightened, made even, made level. [Phoen. ישׁר (= just), Aram. יַשְׁרָא (= right, straight), Aram. מֵישְׁרָא (= plain, level land), Ugar. yshr (= uprightness), Arab. yasara (= it was or became easy), Akka. eshēru (= to be straight), mēshēru (= justice), mēshērish (= righteously).] Derivatives: הַיְשֵׁר, הַיְשָׁרָה, הִתְיַשְּׁרוּת, יִשּׁוּר, יָשִׁיר, יָשָׁר, יֹשֶר, יְשָׁרָה, יְשֻׁרוּן, יַשְׁרָן, מִישׁוֹר, מְיַשֵּׁר, מְיֻשָּׁר, מֵישָׁרִים, מִישֹׁרֶת, שָׁרוֹן.

 

יָשָׁר adj. 1 straight, right, pleasing. 2 upright. [From ישׁר.] Derivative: יִשְׁרוּת.

 

יִֹשֶר m.n. straightness, evenness, uprightness. [From ישׁר.]

 

יִשְׂרָאֵל m.n. 1 Israel. PBH 2 Israelite Jew. PBH 3 a Jewish layman (i.e. not a Cohen or Levite). 4 the Kingdom of the Ten Tribes. NH 5 the State of Israel. [Lit.: ‘he contends with God’, from שָׂרָה (= he fought, contended), and אֵל (= God). See Gen. 32:29.] Derivative: יִשֽׂרֽאֵלִי.

 

יִשְׂרְאֵלִי adj. & m.n. PBH 1 Israelite. PBH 2 Jew. PBH 3 a Jewish layman (i.e. not a Cohen or Levite). NH 4 of the State of Israel. NH 5 a citizen of Israel. [Formed from יִשֽׂרָאֵל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: יִֹשְׂרְאֵלִיּוּת.

 

יִשְׂרְאֵלִיּוּת f.n. NH Israeli characteristic. [Formed from יִשֽׂרֽאֵלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יְשָׁרָה f.n. uprightness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 3:6 in the phrase יִשְׁרַת לֵבָב – uprightness of the heart). [From ישׁר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְשֻׁרוּן m.n. poetic name of Israel (properly ‘the righteous people’). [Denominated from יָשָׁר (= straight, right, upright). The defective spelling יְשֻׁרוּן (for יְשׁוּרוּן) is due to the tendency to avoid the scriptio plena in two successive syllables. cp. שָׁרוֹן.]

 

יִשְׁרוּת f.n. PBH uprightness, righteousness. [Formed from יָשָׁר with suff. ◌וּת. The form יַשְׁרוּת given by most lexicographers is wrong. Abstract nouns in ◌וּת are formed from the c. st. of the plural. Since the c. st. pl. of יָשָׁר is יִשְׁרֵי the abstract n. formed from it must be יִשֽׁרוּת. cp. the n. רִשֽׁעוּת (= wickedness), formed from רִשְׁעֵי, c. st. pl. of רָשָׁע (= wicked).]

 

יַשְׁרָן m.n. MH an upright man, an honest man. [Formed from ישׁר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: יַשְׁרָנוּת, יַשְׁרָנִי.

 

יַשְׁרָנוּת f.n. MH uprightness, honesty. [Formed from יַשְׁרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יַשְׁרָנִי adj. NH upright, honest. [Formed from יַשְׁרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

◌ִית ᴵ subst. suff. forming abstract nouns. [This suff., which has equivalents in Aram. and Akka., orig. arose through the addition of the f. ending to ל״ה stems, as in בְּכִית (= weeping), בּֽרִית (= covenant), שְׁבִית (= captivity). From here the use of suff. ◌ִית was extended to other stems as well. cp. e.g. רֵאשִׁית (= beginning), אַחֲרִית (= end), שְׁאֵרִית (= remnant).]

 

◌ִית ᴵᴵ adv. suff. as in שֵׁנִית (= a second time, again). [This suff. is frequently used in NH. Prob. adv. use of the f. of adjectives ending in ◌ִי (q.v.).]

 

יָתֵד f.n. (pl. יֽתֵדוֹת) 1 peg, pin, tent pin, nail. MH 2 a metric foot. [Related to Arab. watid (= peg, pin, tent pin).] Derivatives: יתד, יְתֵדָה, יְתֵדִי.

 

יתד to peg, wedge up.

    — Qal - יָתַד he pegged, wedged up.

    — Pi. - יִתֵּד (of s.m.).

    — Pu. - יֻתַּד was pegged, was wedged up. [Denominated from יָתֵד.] Derivatives: יִתּוּד, מֽיֻתָּד.

 

יְתֵדָה f.n. PBH 1 peg, nail. 2 importance. [From יָתֵד. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

יְתֵדִי adj. NH cuneate, cuneiform. [Formed from יָתֵד with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

יִתּוּד m.n. NH pegging, wedging up. [Verbal n. of יִתֵּד. See יתד.]

 

יַתּוּךְ, יַתִּיךְ m.n. PBH smelter’s tongs. [Perhaps a derivative of base נתך (= to pour, to melt).]

 

יָתוֹם m.n. orphan, fatherless child. [Related to Aram. יְתוֹמָא, Aram.–Syr. יַתְמָא, Ugar. ytm, Arab. yatīm (= orphan), Tigre yatama (= he lost his parents).] Derivatives: יתם, יֽתוֹם, יֽתוֹמָה, יַתְמוּת.

 

יִתּוּם m.n. NH orphaning. [Verbal n. of יִתֵּם (= he made an orphan, orphaned). See יתם.]

 

יְתוֹם m.n. NH orphanhood. [From יָתוֹם.]

 

יְתוֹמָה f.n. PBH orphan (f.). [f. of יָתוֹם.]

 

יִתּוּר m.n. PBH 1 excess, superfluity. NH 2 remainder. [Verbal n. of יִתֵּר (= he added), Pi. of יתר.]

 

יְתוּר m.n. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 39:8 and perhaps meaning ‘a place that is searched’). [Perhaps metathesis for תְּיוּר, from תור (= to search). cp. יְבוּל, יֽקוּם.]

 

יַתּוּשׁ m.n. mosquito, gnat. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to Arab. natasha (= he plucked out, tore out, pinched, tweaked).]

 

יְתִיב m.n. MH ‘Yethibh’ — name of a disjunctive accent placed beneath the word. Its form is ◌֤. [Lit.: ‘set, placed’From יְתֵב (= he sat). See ישׁב.]

 

יַתִּיךְ see יַתּוּךְ.

 

יַתִּיר adj. PBH 1 excessive, superfluous. MH 2 an excessive letter in a Biblical word. [BAram. יַתִּיר. See יתר.]

 

יַתִּירוּת f.n. NH excessiveness, superfluity. [Formed from יַתִּיר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יִתָּכֵן adv. possibly, perhaps (after Ezek. 18:29 and 33:17, where it is used as a regular verb in the sense ‘it is adjusted’, ‘it is right’. [Niph. of תכן (= to estimate, to adjust).]

 

יתם to make an orphan, to orphan.

    — Qal - יָתַם he became an orphan.

    — Pi. - יִתֵּם he made an orphan, orphaned.

    — Pu. - יֻתַּם was made an orphan, was orphaned.

    — Nith. - נִתֽיַתֵּם became an orphan. [Denominated from יָתוֹם.] Derivatives: יִתּוּם, הִתֽיַתּֽמוּת, מְיֻתָּם.

 

יַתְמוּת f.n. MH orphanhood. [Formed from יתם with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יתן base of אֵיתָן ᴵ. [cpArab watana (= was perpetual, was flowing incessantly), wātin (= something permanent).]

 

יתר to remain, be left over.

    — Niph. - נוֹתַר he remained, was left over.

    — Pi. - יִתֵּר PBH 1 he added; NH 2 he left over.

    — Pu. occurs only in the part. - מְיֻתָּר .

    — Nith. - נִתּוֹתַר remained.

    — Nith. - נִתֽיַתֵּר PBH 1 was added; NH 2 became superfluous.

    — Hiph. - הוֹתִיר he left, left over, had more than enough. [Aram. יְתַר (= remained, was left over), BAram. יַתִּיר, Aram.–Syr. יַתִּיר (= excessive, superfluous), Akka. watāru, atāru (= to be superfluous).] Derivatives: יוֹתֵר, יוֹתֶרֶת, יִתּוּר, יַתִּיר, יָתֵר, יֶתֶר ᴵ, יִתְרָה, יִתְרוֹן, יְתֶרֶת, מוֹתָר, מְיֻתָּר, נוֹתָר.

 

יָתֵר adv. PBH 1 superfluous, excessive. 2 great. [From יתר ᴵ.] Derivative: יֽתֵרוּת.

 

יֶֽתֶר ᴵ m.n. 1 remainder, remnant. 2 abundance, excess. 3 excellence. [From יתר ᴵ.]

 

יֶֽתֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 cord, string. MH 2 hypotenuse (geometry). [Related to Aram. יִתְרָא, Syr. יַתְרָא (= cord, string), Arab. watar, Ethiop. watr (= bowstring).]

 

יִתְרָה f.n. 1 abundance, riches. NH 2 surplus, balance. [Formed from יתר with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. יִתְרָת.]

 

יִתְרוֹן m.n. (pl. יִתְרוֹנוֹת, also יִתֽרוֹנִים) . 1 advantage. 2 gain, profit. [Formed from יתר with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

 

יְתֵרוּת f.n. superiority. [Formed from יָתֵר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

יִתְרָת f.n. abundance, riches. [A collateral form of יִתְרָה.]

יְתֶֽרֶת f.n. PBH additional part. [Formed from יתר with suff. ◌ָת.]