ש The twenty-first letter of the Heb. alphabet. The name of the letter ‘shin’ is prob. derived from שֵׁן (= tooth), and so called in allusion to the ancient form of this letter. In PBH it has the numerical value of three hundred. The letter ש marks two different sounds: שׂ (‘sin’) and שׁ (‘shin’). Heb. שׂ corresponds to Aram. שׂ and ס, Syr. ס, Ugar. sh, Arab. sh, Ethiop. sh, Akka. sh. cp. e.g. Heb. נָשָׂא, BAram. נְשָׂא, Aram. נְסָא (= he lifted, took, carried), Ugar. nsh (= to lift), Arab. nasha’a (= he rose, was high, grew up), Ethiop. nash’a (= he lifted; he transferred), Syr. מַסַּאתָא (= scales), Akka. nashū (= to lift; to carry). There are exceptions to the rule according to which Arab. sh corresponds to Heb. שׂ and vice versa. These exceptions are due mainly to assimilation, partly also to the circumstance that Heb. שׂ sometimes stands for orig. ס (see שׂכך, שׂבר ᴵ, שׂתם). In earlier Aram. and in BAram. שׂ is generally preserved, but many words that have שׂ in Biblical Heb. are regularly spelled in MH with ס. Heb. שׁ corresponds to Aram.–Syr. שׁ, Ugar. sh, Arab. s, Ethiop. sh, Akka. sh. cp. e.g. Heb. שָׁלוֹם, Aram.–Syr. שְׁלָם, שְׁלָמָא, Ugar. shlm, Arab. salām, Akka. shalāmu, shulmu (= peace). The s in Arab. shams (= sun) is due to dissimilation (see שֶׁמֶשׁ). In many cases Heb. שׁ corresponds to Aram.–Syr. תּ, Arab. th, Ethiop. s. cp. e.g. Heb. שָׁלשׁ, Aram.–Syr. תּֽלָת, Arab. thalāth, Ethiop. shalās (= three). As shown above, the Akka. equivalent of Heb. שׁ is sh. However, in some rare cases Heb. שׁ corresponds to Akka. s (as in sābu, ‘to draw water’, which corresponds to שׁאב). Akka. sh may become l before a dental. cp. e.g. ḫamishtu and ḫamiltu (= five; see חמשׁ), lubushtu and lubultu (= dress; see לבשׁ); mashtītu and maltītu (= drink; see שׁתה).

שֶׁ◌, שַׁ◌, שָׁ◌, שְׁ◌ pron. particle meaning ‘who’, ‘whom’, ‘which’, ‘what’, ‘that’, whence synonymous with אֲשֶׁר (q.v.). [Related to, or derived from, Phoen. אשׁ and ש. Related also to OAram. ש, Akka. sha, earlier also shu (= he who; one who). cp. שַׁדּוּן (= שֵׁדַּי). cp. also the first element in סָרִיס.]

שׁאב to draw (water); to absorb, attract; to pump.
    — Qal - שָׁאַב 1 he drew (water); 2 he sucked in, absorbed, attracted; NH 3 he pumped.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁאָב MH 1 was drawn (said of water); NH 2 was absorbed, was attracted; NH 3 was pumped.
    — Pi. - שֵׁאֵב MH 1 he drew (water); NH 2 he pumped.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתָּאֵב was drawn to the end, was exhausted. [Aram. שְׁאֵב (= he drew, he attracted), Ugar. sh’b, Akka. sa’ābu, sābu (= to draw water), Arab. sa’aba (= he drank).] Derivatives: שָׁאָב, שַׁאֲבָנִי, שָׁאוּב, שָׁאוֹב, שְׁאוּבָה, שׁוֹאֵבָה, הִשָּׁאֲבוּת, מַשְׁאָב, מִשְׁאָב, מַשְׁאֵבָה, מַשְׁאוֹב. cp. the first element in שַׁאֲבָק.

שָׁאָב m.n. NH water drawer. [Nomen opificis formed from שׁאב (= to draw water), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שַׁאֲבָנִי adj. NH drawing, attracting. [Formed from שָׁאַב (see שׁאב) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שַׁאֲבָק m.n. NH vacuum cleaner. [Contraction of שָׁאַב (= he drew; see שׁאב), and אָבָק (= dust).]

שׁאג to roar.
    — Qal - שָׁאַג he roared (said of a lion); 2 he cried, shouted, groaned.
    — Nith. - הִשְׁתָּאֵג he burst into a roar. [Ugar. sh’gt (= neighing), Arab. tha’aja (= he lowed, bleated — said of various animals).] Derivatives: שַׁאַג, שְׁאָגָה, שָׁאוּג, שְׁאִיגָה.

שַֽׁאַג m.n. MH 1 crying, shouting, groaning. NH 2 roaring (of a lion). [A secondary form of שְׁאָגָה.]

שָׁאגָא m.n. PBH Indian oak, teak. [Aram., related to Syr. שָׁגָא, Arab. sāj (of s.m.).]

שְׁאָגָה f.n. 1 roaring (of a lion). 2 cry (in prayer). [Verbal n. of שָׁאַג. See שׁאג and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. שַׁאַג and שְׁאִיגָה.] Derivatives: שַׁאֲגָנוּת, שַׁאֲגָנִי.

שַׁאֲגָנוּת f.n. NH shouting, clamor(ing). [Formed from שְׁאָגָה with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

שַׁאֲגָנִי adj. NH shouting, clamoring. [Formed from שֽׁאָגָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁאה ᴵ to make a din or crash, crash into ruins; to ruin, lay waste.
    — Qal - שָׁאָה it crashed into ruins.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁאָה was ruined, was made desolate.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁאָה he caused (cities) to crash into ruins. [Aram. שְׁאָה (= became stiff, numb or torpid), Syr. שֽׁהָא, שְׁהִי (= was deserted), Aram. שַׁהֲוָא, שַׁהֲוָתָא (= desert). See שָׁאָה.] Derivatives: שׁוֹאָה, שָׁאוּי, שֽׁאִיָּה, שָׁאוֹן, שֵׁאת, הַשְׁאָיָה, מְשׁוֹאָה, תְּשׁוּאָה.

שׁאה ᴵᴵ to wonder, be astonished, amazed.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתָּאָה he gazed in wonder (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 24:21 in the form of the part. מִשְׁתָּאֵה). [Targum Onkelos renders this word by שָׁהֵי בַהּ מִסֽתַּכֵּל, the Septuagint by katemanthanen (= he took great notice of her), and the Vulgate by contemplabatur (= he looked at her attentively). Some scholars see in מִשְׁתָּאֵה the Hith. of שׁאה ᴵ and explain it in the sense of ‘he stood empty of thoughts’, i.e. he stood in a state of unconscious. This is a far-fetched derivation indeed, and the etymology given supra is surely to be preferred to it in every respect.] [A secondary form of שׁעה.] Derivative: הִשְׁתָּאוּת.

שָׁאוּב adj. PBH 1 drawn. NH 2 pumped. [Pass. part. of שָׁאַב. See שׁאב.]

שָׁאוֹב m.n. PBH (pl. שָׁאוֹבוֹת) bucket, pail. [From שָׁאַב. See שׁאב.]

שְׁאוּבָה m.n. PBH (in בֵּית־הַשְּׁאוּבָה) the well from which the water was drawn for libation on the Sukkoth festival. [The usual spelling is בֵּית־הַשּׁוֹאֵבָה, but the correct reading is prob. שְׁאוּבָה (properly subst. use of the f. pass. part. of שָׁאַב). The reading הַשּׁוֹאֵבָה (i.e. the active part.) would hardly be appropriate in the context, which deals with water drawn and not with something that ‘draws’.]

שָׁאוּי adj. MH ruined, laid waste, desolate. [Pass. part. of שָׁאָה. See שׁאה ᴵ.]

שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל m. & f.n. the underworld, the nether world, the grave. [Of uncertain etymology. Aram. שְׁאוֹלָא, שְׁיוֹלָא are Heb. loan words.]

שָׁאוּל adj. 1 borrowed. MH 2 asked, interrogated. MH 3 entreated. [Pass. part. of שָׁאֵל. See שׁאל.]

שָׁאוֹן m.n. din, crash, noise, tumult, uproar. [Formed from שׁאה ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivative: שׁאן. cp. שַׁאַן.

שְׂאוֹר, שְׂאֹר m.n. leaven. [From base שׂאר which is of uncertain etymology. cp. the related JAram. סִיאוֹרָא (= leaven). cp. also סֵאוֹר, סוֹר, מַשְׂרֵת and מִשְׁאֶרֶת. See שׂאר.]

שְׁאָט m.n. disgust, contempt (occurring in the phrases שֽׁאָט־נֶפֶשׁ, Ezek. 36:5, and שְׁאָט בּֽנֶפֶשׁ, Ezek. 25:6 and 15). [Related to Akka. shāṭu (= to be careless), Aram. שׁרט (= to despise), Syr. שָׁט (= he despised), and to base שׁוט ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁאט see שׁוט ᴵᴵ.

שְׁאִיבָה f.n. PBH 1 drawing water. PBH 2 sucking in, absorption, attracting. NH 3 pumping. [Verbal n. of שָׁאַב. See שׁאב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁאִיגָה f.n. MH roaring of a lion. [Verbal n. of שָׁאַג. See שׁאג and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. שַׁאַג and שְׁאָגָה.]

שְׁאִיָּה f.n. desolation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 24:12). [Verbal n. of שָאָה. See שׁאה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁאִילָה f.n. PBH 1 asking (a question). 2 borrowing. [Verbal n. of שָׁאַל. See שׁאל and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. שְׁאֵלָה.]

שְׁאֵילְתָּא, שְׁאִילְתָּה see שְׁאֵלֽתָּא, שְׁאֵלֽתָּה.

שְׁאִיפָה f.n. NH 1 inhalation, breath. MH 2 longing, striving, aspiration. NH 3 ideal. [Verbal n. of שָׁאַף. See שׁאף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁאִיר m.n. survivor, relative of one who has died. [From שָׁאַר. See שׁאר.]

שׁאל to ask, inquire; to entreat, to beg, to borrow.
    — Qal - שָׁאַל 1 he asked, inquired; 2 he asked, entreated; 3 he begged; 4 he borrowed (anything but money); NH 5 (linguistics) he borrowed, adopted (a word or words from another language).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁאַל 1 he asked for himself, esp. asked leave of absence; PBH 2 he was asked, was consulted.
    — Pi. - שִׁאֵל 1 he inquired carefully; 2 he begged alms.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁאִיל 1 he lent (anything but money), lent on request; MH 2 he used (a word) metaphorically.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁאַל PBH 1 was lent; MH 2 was used metaphorically. [BAram. and JAram. שְׁאֵל, Syr. שֵׁאל, Ugar. sh’l, Arab. sa’ala, Ethiop. sa’ala (= he asked, inquired), Nab. שׁאל, Akka. sha’ālu (= to ask). Coptic sheelet (= bride) is perhaps a Sem. loan word.] Derivatives: שָׁאוּל, שֽׁאֵלָה, שֽׁאִילָה, שׁוֹאֵל, שְׁאֵלְתָּא, שְׁאֵלְתָּה, שְׁאֵלוֹן, הַשְׁאָלָה, משֽׁאָל, מֻשְׁאָל, מִשְׁאָלָה, מִשְׁאֶלֶת.

שְׁאֵלָה f.n. 1 request, petition. 2 a thing asked for. PBH 3 question, query. PBH 4 loan. PBH 5 prayer for rain. MH 6 problem. [Verbal n. of שָׁאַל. See שַׁאל ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה, and cp. שֽׁאִילָה.]

שְׁאֵלוֹן m.n. NH 1 questionnaire. 2 book of questions. [Formed from שָׁאַל (see שׁאל), with first suff. ◌וֹן.]

שְׁאֵלְתָּא f.n. (also שְׁאֵלְתָּה in NH) interpellation. [Aram. (= affair), properly ‘question, inquiry’, emphatic state of שְׁאֵלָה (= Heb. שְׁאֵלָה).]

שׁאן ᴵ to be at ease, be at rest, rest securely.
    — Pa‘lel . - שַׁאֲנַן he sat at ease, he lived in tranquility.
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׁתַּאֲנַן (of s.m.). [Syr. שַׁיֵּן (= he pacified), Ethiop. sen’e (= peace).]

שׁאן ᴵᴵ to make a noise.
    — Qal - שָׁאַן he made a noise. [Denominated from שָׁאוֹן (= noise). q.v.] Derivative: שׁוֹאֵן.

שַֽׁאַן m.n. NH din, crash, noise, tumult, uproar. [A secondary form of שָׁאוֹן.]

שָׁאנֵי adj. PBH different. [Aram., from שְׁנָא (= was different), which is related to Heb. שָׁנָה (= changed; was different). See שׁנה ᴵᴵ.]

שַׁאֲנָן ᴵ adj. 1 at ease, secure, tranquil. 2 carefree, complacent, arrogant. [Formed from שׁאן with suff. ◌ָן. cp. שַׁלְאֲנָן.] Derivatives: שַׁאֲנָן ᴵᴵ, שַׁאֲנַנּוּת.

שַׁאֲנָן ᴵᴵ m.n. arrogance. [From שַׁאֲנָן ᴵ.]

שׁאף ᴵ to gasp, pant after, pant for; to long for.
    — Qal - שָׁאַף 1 he gasped, panted after, panted for; 2 he longed for.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁאַף was breathed, was inhaled. [JAram. שְׁאַף (= he snapped, was parched), VArab. sahafa (= he snapped, was thirsty).] Derivatives: שַׁאַף, שַׁאֲפָן, שְׁאִיפָה, הַשֽׁאָפָה, מַשְׁאֵף.

שׁאף ᴵᴵ to crush, trample upon.
    — Qal - שָׁאַף he crushed, trampled upon. [A secondary form of שׁוף.]

שַֽׁאַף m.n. MH 1 inhalation, breath. 2 longing, striving, aspiration. [From שׁאף ᴵ.]

שַׁאֲפָן adj. NH ambitious. [Formed from שׁאף ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. שְׁאֵפְתָּן.] Derivatives: שַׁאֲפָנוּת, שַׁאֲפָנִי.

שַׁאֲפָנוּת f.n. NH ambition. [Formed from שַׁאֲפָן with suff. ◌וּת. cp. שְׁאַפְתָּנוּת.]

שַׁאֲפָנִי adj. NH ambitious. [Formed from שַׁאֲפָן with suff. ◌ִי. cp. שֽׁאַפֽתָּנִי.]

שְׁאַפְתָּן m.n. NH an ambitious man. Derivatives: שֽׁאַפֽתָּנוּת, שֽׁאַפֽתָּנִי.

שְׁאַפְתָּנוּת f.n. ambition. [Formed from שְׁאַפְתָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁאַפְתָּנִי adj. NH ambitious. [Formed from שְׁאַפְתָּן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁאר ᴵ to be left over, to remain.
    — Qal - שָׁאַר was left over, was left behind (occurring rarely).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁאַר 1 was left over, was left behind, remained; MH 2 he survived.
    — Pu. - שְׁאַר was left over, was left behind.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתָּאַר (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁאִיר 1 he left over; 2 he spared.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׁאַר was left over. [Aram. and Egypt.–Aram. שֽׁאַר (= remained, was left over), Aram. שַׁאֵר and שַׁיֵּר (= he left over), שַׁיּוּרָא (= that which was left over, remainder, rest), Syr. שְׁיָרָא (of s.m.), Ugar. shyr (= a small square measure), Arab. sa’ara, sa’ira (= was left over), OSArab. שׂאר (= remaining).] Derivatives: שְׁאָר, שֽׁאֵרִית, שָׁאִיר, הַשֽׁאָרָה, הִשָּׁאֲרוּת, מִשְׁאָר, מֻשְׁאָר, שׁאר ᴵᴵ base of שְׁאֵר, שַׁאֲרָה, שְׁאֵרָה, שְׁאֵרוּת.

שׁאר ᴵᴵ base of שְׁאֵר, שַׁאֲרָה, שְׁאֵרָה, שֽׁאֵרוּת.

שׂאר to leaven.
    — Pi. - שֵׂאֵר he leavened.
    — Pu. - שׂאַר was leavened. [Base of שְׂאוֹר; of uncertain etymology.]

שְׁאָר m.n. rest, residue, remnant. [From שׁאר ᴵ. cp. JAram. and Syr. שְׁיָרָא.]

שְׁאֵר m.n. 1 flesh. 2 food (sense enlargement of 1). 3 flesh relation, blood relation. [Related to Pun. שאר (= flesh), Ugar. tr (= one obliged to take blood revenge), Arab. tha’r (= blood; whence ‘blood revenge’), th’ara (= he took blood revenge), OSArab. תֿאר (= blood revenge), Akka. shēru (= flesh). cp. Mand. tī’rta (= conscience, mind).] Derivatives: שְׁאֵרָה, שְׁאֵרוּת.

שְׁאֵרָה f.n. NH female relative, esp. female cousin. [f. of שְׁאֵר.]

שַׁאֲרָה f.n. blood relation, kinship (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 18:17). [Formed from שׁאר ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁאֵרוּת f.n. MH kinship, relationship. [Formed from שְׁאֵר with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁאֵרִית f.n. (also שֵׁרִית) 1 remainder, remnant. 2 what is left, rest. NH 3 residue. [From שׁאר ᴵ.]

שׁאשׁא see שׁשׁא.

שְׂאֵת ᴵ inf. of נָשָׂא (= he lifted, lifted up). [See נשׂא and cp. שֽׂאֵת ᴵᴵ.]

שְׂאֵת ᴵᴵ, שֵׂאת f.n. 1 elevation. 2 strength. 3 majesty, dignity. [Subst. use of the inf. of נָשָׂא, hence identical with שְׂאֵת ᴵ.]

שְׂאֵת ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. swelling, eruption. [Prob. lit. meaning ‘an elevated place’, hence identical with שְׂאֵת ᴵᴵ.]

שֵׁאת f.n. destruction, ruin, devastation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:47). [Derived from שׁאה ᴵ.]

שָׂב adj. gray, old; an old man. [Part. of שִׂיב (= to grow or be old). See שׂיב and cp. BAram. שָׂב. cp. also סָב.]

שָׁב adj. 1 one who returns. PBH 2 one who repents, penitent. [From שׁוב ᴵ.]

שְׁבָא m.n. MH ‘schwa’ (another spelling for שְׁוָא, used especially by Jewish grammarians of the Middle Ages). [See שְׁוָא.] Derivative: שְׁבָאִי.

שְׁבָאִי adj. MH pertaining to, or provided with, a ‘schwa’. [Formed from שְׁבָא with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁבַּאי m.n. PBH captor. [Nomen opificis formed from שׁבה (= to capture, take prisoner), according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. שָׁבוֹי.]

שְׁבָב m.n. splinter, fragment (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 8:6). [Related to Arab. safba (= he cut), JAram. שַׁבָּא (= splinter).] Derivative: שׁבב ᴵ.

שׁבב ᴵ to chip, chisel.
    — Pi. - שִׁבֵּב 1 he chipped, chiseled; 2 he chastised, chastened.
    — Pu. - שֻׁבַּב was chipped, was chiseled. [Denominated from שֽׁבָב.] Derivatives: שִׁבּוּב, מְשֻׁבָּב.

שׁבב ᴵᴵ see שׁוב ᴵᴵ.

שׁבה to take captive, take prisoner, capture.
    — Qal - שָׁבֶה he took captive, took prisoner, captured.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁבָּה he was taken captive.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁבָּה he led into captivity. [JAram.–Syr. שְׁבָא, Arab. sabā (= he took captive, took prisoner, captured), Ugar. shby, Akka. shabū (= to take captive, take prisoner, capture), OSArab. שׂבא (= to wage war).] Derivatives: שָׁבוּי, שָׁבוֹי, שַׁבַּאי, שְׁבִי, שִׁבְיָה, שְׁבִיָּה, שֽׁבִית ᴵ. cp. שְׁבוּת ᴵ.]

שְׁבוֹ m.n. name of a precious stone, prob. identical with the agate. [Prob. related to Akka. shubū (= name of a precious stone).]

שִׁבּוּב m.n. NH chipping, chiseling. [Verbal n. of שִׁבֵּב. See שׁבב ᴵ.]

שִׁבּֽוּחַ m.n. MH 1 praising, lauding. NH 2 improving, raising in value. [Verbal n. of שִׁבַּח, Pi. of שׁבח ᴵ.]

שִׁבּוּט ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 name of a fish. NH 2 sole (name of a fish). [Related to Syr. שַׁבּוּטָא (= a large fish found in the Nile), whence Arab. shabbūṭ (= a fish found in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers).]

שִׁבּוּט ᴵᴵ m.n. NH beating, knocking, striking. [From שׁבט.]

שָׁבוּי adj. & m.n. captive, prisoner. [From שׁבה.] Derivative: שְׁבִיּוּת.

שָׁבוֹי m.n. PBH captor. [From שׁבה. cp. שַׁבַּאי.]

שָׁבֽוּעַ m.n. (pl. שָׁבוּעוֹת, also שָׁבוּעִים) 1 period of seven days. 2 seven years heptad. [From שֶׁבֵע (= seven). cp. Aram. שְׁבוּעֲתָא, Arab. usbū‘. For sense development cp. Late L. septimāna (= week); properly subst. use of the f. of the L. adj. septimānus (= pertaining to the number seven), and Hungarian hét (= week), from the numeral adj. hét (= seven).] Derivatives: שְׁבוּעוֹן, שְׁבוּעִי, שָׁבוּעוֹת.

שְׁבוּעָה f.n. 1 oath. 2 curse. [From שׁבע ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. For sense development see שׁבע ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁבוּעוֹן m.n. NH weekly (publication). [Coined from שָׁבוּעַ (= week), with suff. ◌וֹן on analogy of עִתּוֹן (q.v.).]

שָׁבוּעוֹת m.n. pl. ‘Shavuot’, Pentecost, [pl. of שָׁבוּעַ and lit. meaning ‘(Feast of the) weeks’.]

שָׁבוּעִי adj. MH weekly, every week. [Formed from שָׁבוּעַ (= week), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁבוּץ ᴵ adj. MH inlaid, inserted. [From שׁבץ ᴵ; formally pass. part. of an otherwise non-existing Qal.]

שָׁבוּץ ᴵᴵ adj. NH struck by apoplexy. [From שָׁבָץ.]

שִׁבּוּץ m.n. MH 1 making squares. MH 2 inlay (of gem in an ornament). NH 3 framing, placing, grading. NH 4 interweaving (quotations in a speech), mosaic. Derivative: שִׁבּוּצִי.

שִׁבּוּצִי adj. NH interwoven (said of quotations), mosaic. [Formed from שִׁבּוּץ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁבוּק adj. NH left, abandoned. [Pass. part. of שָׁבַק. See שׁבק.]

שִׁבּוּק m.n. PBH leaving, abandoning, release, remission. [From שׁבק. cp. JAram. שִׁבּוּקָא (= leaving, abandoning, release, remission).]

שָׁבוּר adj. 1 broken, fractured. MH 2 shattered. NH 3 depressed. [Pass. part. of שָׁבַר, Qal of שׁבר.]

שִׁבּוּר m.n. PBH breaking, dashing to pieces. [Verbal n. of שִׁבֵּר, Pi. of שׁבר.]

שִׁבּוּשׁ m.n. PBH 1 confusion, blunder. MH 2 error, mistake. MH 3 disruption. [Verbal n. of שִׁבֵּשׁ, Pi. of שׁבשׁ.]

שְׁבוּת ᴵ f.n. return. [Prob. a derivative of שׁוב (= to return), so that שְׁבוּת (אֶת) שָׁב (occurring Deut. 30:3 and elsewhere) and שְׁבוּת (אֶת) הֵשִׁיב (Jer. 32:44 and elsewhere) lit. mean, ‘he turned a turning’, i.e. ‘he restored’. cp. Arab. dā’ira (= turning of fortune, vicissitude), from dāra (= he turned). This derivation is surely preferable to the one that connects שְׁבוּת with שׁבה (= to take captive), and accordingly renders it by ‘captivity’. cp. שְׁבִית ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁבוּת ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH 1 Sabbath rest. 2 an act forbidden on Sabbaths and Festivals by Rabbinic law. [From שָׁבַת (= he rested); see שׁבת.]

שְׁבוּתָה f.n. PBH a substitute from שְׁבוּעָה (= oath). [Of uncertain origin; possibly contraction of Aram. שֽׁבוּעֲתָא (= Heb. שְׁבוּעָה); q.v.]

שׁבח ᴵ to praise, laud.
    — Qal - שָׁבַח it improved, grew in value.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁבַּח it improved, was raised in value.
    — Pi. - שִׁבַּח 1 he praised, lauded, glorified; 2 he commended, congratulated.
    — Pu. - שֻׁבַּח PBH 1 he was praised, was lauded, was glorified; MH 2 was improved, was raised in value.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּבַּח 1 he praised himself, boasted; PBH 2 was improved, was raised in value.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁבִּיחַ 1 he improved, raised in value; 2 was improved, was raised in value.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁבַּח was improved, was raised in value. [Aram., also BAram., שַׁבַּח (= he praised, lauded), whence Arab. sabbaḥa, Ethiop. sabḥa (of s.m.).] Derivatives: שֶׁבַח, שְׁבָח, שְׁבָחָה, שַׁבְּחָנִי, שִׁבּוּחַ, הַשְׁבָּחָה, הִשְׁתַּבְּחוּת, מְשֻׁבָּח, תִּשְׁבָּחָה, תִּשְׁבַּחַת.

שׁבח ᴵᴵ to still, calm, soothe, appease.
    — Pi. - שִׁבַּח he stilled, calmed, soothed, appeased.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁבִּיחַ (of s.m.). [Arab. sabaḫa (= was free from care). cp. Akka. pashāḫu (= to grow calm).]

שֶֽׁבַח, שְׁבָח m.n. PBH 1 praise. 2 improvement, betterment. 3 excellence, superiority, advantage. 4 choice part. [From שׁבח ᴵ, whence also Aram. שְׁבָחָא, Syr. שׁוּבְחָא (= praise).]

שְׁבָחָה f.n. MH praise. [A secondary form of שֶׁבַח. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁבְּחָנִי adj. NH laudatory, eulogistic. [Formed from שִׁבַּח, Pi. of שׁבח ᴵ, with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁבט to strike, smite.
    — Qal - שָׁבַט PBH 1 he pressed the weaving rod; NH 2 he beat, struck.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁבַּט 1 was pressed (said of the weaving rod); 2 was beaten, was struck.
    — Pi. - שִׁבֵּט he beat, knocked, struck. [JAram. שֽׁבַט (= he struck, smote), Akka. shabātu (= to beat, kill, destroy). The Syr. v. שַׁבֵּט (= he beat out, hammered), and Ethiop. v. zabaṭa (= he fell), are prob. denominated. Base of שֵׁבֶט. cp. שֽׁבָט.] Derivatives: שִׁבּוּט ᴵᴵ, שְׁבִיטָה.

שֵֽׁבֶט m.n. 1 stick, rod, staff, club. 2 scepter. 3 tribe. [From שׁבט, whence also BAram. שֽׁבַט, JAram. שִׁבֽטָא and שׁוּבְטָא, Syr. שַׁבְטָא (= stick, rod; tribe), Akka. shabbītu (= rod). cp. שָׁבִיט. cp. also שַׁרֽבִיט.] Derivatives: שַׁבְטוּט, שִׁבֽטִי.

שְׁבָט m.n. ‘Shevat’, name of the eleventh Jewish month. [Akka. shabāṭu, whence also Aram.–Syr. שְׁבָטָא, lit.: ‘the month of destroying rain’, from shabāṭu (= to beat, kill, destroy). See שׁבט. Arab. shubāṭ is an Aram. loan word.]

שְׁבַטְבַּט m.n. MH Equisetum (botany). [From Aram. שֽׁבַטֽבָּטָא (= Syr. שֽׁבַטֽבִּיטָא), which is related to MH שְׁבַצֽבּוּץ (of s.m.).]

שַׁבְטוּט m.n. PBH tendril, small shoot. [Dimin. formed from שֵׁבֶט through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

שִׁבְטִי adj. NH pertaining to a tribe, tribal. [Formed from שֵׁבֶט with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁבֽטִיּוּת.

שִׁבְטִיּוּת f.n. 1 division into tribes. 2 tribalism. [Formed from שִׁבְטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁבִי m.n. 1 captivity. 2 captives. [From שׁבה. cp. שִׁבְיָה.]

שְׁבִיב m.n. spark. [Prob. an Aramaism. Related to Aram. and BAram. שֽׁבִיבָא, JAram.–Syr. שְׁבִיבָא (= flame), Arab. shabba (= he lighted, kindled), Akka. shabābu (= to spark). cp. Mand. שממביביא (= rays), Syr. שׁוב (= to burn).]

שִׁבְיָה f.n. 1 captivity. 2 captives (collectively). [In sense 1, verbal n. of שָׁבָה (see שׁבה) with first suff. ◌ָה; in sense 2, formed from שָׁבָה with third suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁבִיָּה f.n. 1 captives (collectively). NH 2 taking captive, capturing. [In sense 1, formed from שָׁבָה (see שׁבה) with third suff. ◌ָה; in sense 2, verbal n. of שָׁבָה (see שׁבה) and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁבִיּוּת f.n. MH being taken captive. [Formed from שָׁבוּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁבִיט m.n. PBH comet. [Borrowed from JAram. כּוֹכֽבָא דֽשָׁבִיט, which is of uncertain origin. According to Rashi שָׁבִיט is related to שֵׁבֶט (q.v.) and is so called from its rodlike tail.]

שְׁבִיטָה f.n. MH beating, striking. [Verbal n. of שָׁבַט. See שׁבט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁבִיל m.n. path, way. [From base שׁבל ᴵ (= to hang down, stretch along), and lit. meaning ‘that which runs along’. Related to Aram.–Syr. שְׁבִילָא, Arab. sabīl (= way; according to some scholars this latter is an Aram. loan word). cp. hieroglyphic shabarūti (= way), which is also borrowed from Aram.] Derivatives: שׁבל ᴵᴵᴵ, שְׁבִילָה.

שְׁבִילָה f.n. NH parting (of the hair). [Formed from שְׁבִיל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁבִיס m.n. front band, hairnet (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 3:18). [Prob. lit. meaning ‘little sun’. cp. Ugar. shpsh (= goddess of the sun), and Arab. subaysa, sumaysa (= little sun), which both are related to Heb. שֶׁמֶשׁ, Arab. shams (= sun). See שֶׁמֶשׁ.]

שְׂבִיעָה f.n. PBH satiation, satiety. [Verbal n. of שָׂבַע. See שׂבע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׂבִיעוּת f.n. MH 1 satiety. 2 satisfaction, contentment. [Formed from שָׂבֵעַ (= sated, satisfied), with suff. ◌וּת. cp. שְׂבֵעוּת.]

שְׁבִיעִי adj. 1 seventh. PBH 2 the seventh person called to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue. [Formed from שֶׁבֵע (= seven), with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: שְׁבִיעִיָּה, שֽׁבִיעִית ᴵ, שֽׁבִיעִית ᴵᴵ.

שְׁבִיעִיָּה f.n. NH 1 a set of seven objects. 2 septet (music). [Formed from שְׁבִיעִי (= seventh) with subst. suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁבִיעִית ᴵ f.n. NH one seventh, seventh part. [Subst. use of the f. of שֽׁבִיעִי (= seventh).]

שְׁבִיעִית ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH 1 ‘shemittah’, the Sabbatical year. PBH 2 fruit of the Sabbatical year. 3 ‘Shebhiith’, name of a Mishnah and Tosephta tractate of the order זְרָעִים. NH 4 the seventh class (in school). [Subst. use of the f. of שְׁבִיעִי.]

שָׁבִיו adj. NH breakable, brittle, fragile. [Coined from שָׁבַר (= he broke; see שׁבר ᴵ), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: שֽׁבִירוּת.

שְׁבִירָה f.n. PBH 1 breaking. 2 destruction, annulment. [Verbal n. of שָׁבַר. See שׁבר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁבִירוּת f.n. NH fragility, brittleness. [Formed from שָׁבִיר (= breakable, brittle, fragile), with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁבִית ᴵ f.n. captivity. [Formed from שָׁבָה (see שׁבה) with suff. ◌ִית.]

שְׁבִית ᴵᴵ f.n. return. [A collateral form of שֽׁבוּת ᴵ.]

שְׁבִיתָה f.n. PBH 1 resting from work on the Sabbath, observing the Sabbath. PBH 2 spending the Sabbath. MH 3 forbidden act on the Sabbath. PBH 4 resting place. NH 5 strike. [Verbal n. of שָׁבַת. See שׁבת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שׂבך (also סבך) to interweave, interlace. [BAram. שְׂבַךְ, JAram. סֽבַךְ (= he interwove, interlaced, entwined), Syr. סֽבַךְ (= he fastened upon, set on, rush in, was mixed with), Arab. shabaka (= he interwove, interlaced, entangled), shabuka (= net), shibāk (= netting, network, latticework, window, wicket), Akka. shabikū (= headdress).] Derivatives: שׂבֶךְ, שְׂבָכָה. cp. סבך.

שְׂבֶךְ, שֽׂוֹבֶךְ m.n. network of boughs (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 18:9). [From שׂבך. cp. סֹבֶךְ ᴵ and סְבַךְ.]

שְֹׁבֶךְ see שׁוֹבָךְ.

שַׁבַּ״כּ m.n. NH name of the Israeli general security service. [Formed from the initials of the words שֵׁרוּת בִּטָּחוֹן כְּלָלִי.]

שְׂבָכָה f.n. 1 latticework. 2 network, trellis. [Formed from שׂבך and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שׁוֹבָךְ.]

שׁבל ᴵ to hang down, stretch along, draw along, move along. [Arab. sabala (= it hung down), ’asbala (= he let something hang down). Base of שֽׁבִיל, שֹׁבֶל, שִׁבֹּלֶת ᴵ and שִׁבֹּלֶת ᴵᴵ. Related to base שׁול.]

שׁבל ᴵᴵ to grow into (ears of) corn.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּבֵּל it grew into ears (of corn).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁבִּיל it produced ears (of corn). [Denominated from שִׁבֹּלֶת (= ear of corn).] Derivative: הִשֽׁתַּבְּלוּת.

שׁבל ᴵᴵᴵ to go on a path.
    — Qal - שָׁבַל he went on a path.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁבִּיל he led on a path. [Denominated from שְׁבִיל.]

שׁבל ᴵⱽ to be pulled along, dangle.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁבַּל was pulled along, was dangled. [Denominated from שֹׁבֶל.]

שֹֽׁבֶל m.n. 1 flowing skirt, train of a robe (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 47:2). NH 2 wake (of a ship). NH 3 tab (of a stamp). [Formed from שׁבל ᴵ, hence lit. meaning ‘that which hangs down’. cp. the related Arab. sabala (= flowing dress). cp. also the collateral form שׁוּל.] Derivative: שׁבל ᴵⱽ.

שַׁבְּלוּל m.n. snail (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 58:9). [Of uncertain origin; possibly a Shaph‘el form from בלל (= to mix), and lit. meaning ‘causing moisture’, and so called in allusion to its slimy trail. cp. the related JAram. תִּבְלָלָא (= snail).] Derivative: שַׁבְּלוּלִי.

שַׁבְּלוּלִי adj. NH 1 snaillike. 2 cochlear, spiral. [Formed from שַׁבְּלוּל with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁבְּלוֹנָה f.n. FW 1 model, pattern. 2 routine. [Ger. Schablone, from sc(h)amplioen, a blend of Fren. échantillon (= model, pattern), and Med. Dutch scampen (= to hew, carve).] Derivative: שַׁבְּלוֹנִי.

שַׁבְּלוֹנִי adj. FW routine (adj.), trite, hackneyed. [Formed from שַׁבּֽלוֹנָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

שִׁבֳּלִית f.n. NH ear (of corn), spikelet. [Formed from שִׁבֹּלֶת ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

שִׁבֹּֽלֶת ᴵ (pl. שִׁבֳּלִים) 1 ear (of corn). 2 head of a branch. NH 3 kernel; nucleus. [Formed from שֻׁבֹּלֶת through dissimilation of the vowels u–ō to i–ō, related to Aram. שְׁבַלְתָּא, Syr. שֶׁבֶּלְתָּא, Arab. sunbula, sabala, Ethiop. sabl, Akka. shubultu (= ear of corn). These words derive from base שׁבל ᴵ (= to hang down, draw along, move along). cp. שִׁבֹּלֶת ᴵᴵ. For other words formed through vowel dissimilation see חִיצוֹן and words there referred to. cp. אֶשֽׁבּוֹל.]

שִׁבֹּלֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. flowing stream, current of a river. [Derived from שׁבל ᴵ (= to move along), hence of the same origin as שִׁבֹּלֶת ᴵ (q.v.). cp. סִבֹּלֶת ᴵ.]

שׂבע to be sated, be satisfied; to be replete, be full; to be surfeited.
    — Qal - שָׂבַע 1 was sated, was satisfied; 2 was replete, was full; 3 was surfeited, had in excess.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׂבַּע was sated, was satisfied (in the Bible occurring only Job 31:31 in the part.).
    — Pi. - שִׂבַּע he satiated, satisfied.
    — Pu. - שֻׂבַּע was satiated, was satisfied.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׂתַּבַּע (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׂבִּיעַ 1 he satiated, satisfied; MH 2 glutted.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׂבַּע was satiated, was satisfied. [Aram.–Syr. סֽבַע (= was sated, was satisfied; was full, was filled), Ugar. shb‘, Palm. שבע (= to be sated, be satisfied), Arab. shabi‘a (= he satisfied his appetite, ate his fill), Ethiop. ṣagba (of s.m.), Akka. shebū (= to be sated, be satisfied).] Derivatives: שָׂבָע, שָׂבֵעַ, שָׂבוּעַ, שׂבַע, שָׂבְעָה, שֽׂבִיעָה, הַשֽׂבָּעָה, מְשֻׂבָּע.

שָׂבָע m.n. 1 satiety. 2 plenty. [From שׂבע.]

שָׂבֵֽעַ adj. 1 sated, satisfied. 2 full, abounding. 3 surfeited. [From שׂבע.] Derivatives: שְׂבֵעוּת, שְׂבִיעוּת. cp. שִׂבְעוֹן.

שֽׂבַע m.n. 1 satiety, fill. NH 2 plenty, abundance. [From שׂבע.]

שׁבע ᴵ base of שֶׁבַע (= seven), and of words there referred to.

שׁבע ᴵᴵ to swear.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁבַּע he swore, took an oath.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁבִּיעַ 1 he caused to take an oath, adjured, bound by an oath; NH 2 he swore in.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׁבַּע PBH 1 he was made to swear, was adjured, was bound by an oath; NH 2 was sworn in. [JAram. אִשֽׁתְּבַע, אִשְׁתַּבַּע (= he swore), Ugar. shb‘ (= to swear). Derived from שֶׁבַע (= seven), and prob. meaning lit.: ‘to bind oneself by seven things, or by seven oaths’.] Derivatives: הַשְׁבָּעָה, מֻשְׁבָּע.

שׁבע ᴵᴵᴵ to do something seven times.
    — Pi. - שִׁבַּע MH 1 he did something seven times; NH 2 he multiplied by seven.
    — Pu. - שֻׁבַּע PBH 1 was done seven times; NH 2 was multiplied by seven. [Denominated from שֶׁבַע, שִׁבְעָה (= seven).] Derivatives: שִׁבַּע, מֻשְׁבַּע.

שֶֽׁבַע f. adj. (m. שִׁבְעָה) seven. [From שׁבע ᴵ, whence also Phoen. שׁבע (f.), Moabite שׁבעת (m.), Aram. and Syr. שֽׁבַע, BAram. שִׁבְעָה, Aram.-Syr. שַׁבְעָא (m.), Ugar. shb‘ (f.), shb‘t (m.), Arab. sab‘ (f.), sab‘a (f.), OSArab. שׂבעת (m.), Akka. sibi (f.), sibitti (m.).] Derivatives: שׁבע ᴵᴵ, שׁבע ᴵᴵᴵ, שִׁבֽעִים, שִׁבֽעָנָה, שָׁבוּעַ, שְׁבִיעִי, שִׁבְעָתַיִם.

שָׂבְעָה f.n. satiety. [Properly inf. of שָׂבַע (= was sated, was satisfied). See שׂבע. For other infinitives ending in ◌ָה and used as nouns see אַהֲבָה and words there referred to.]

שִׁבְעָה 1 adj. seven. 2 ‘shiv‘a ^h’, short for שִׁבְעַת יֽמֵי אֲבֵלוּת (the seven days of mourning held for a near relative). [See שֶׁבַע.]

שִׂבְעוֹן m.n. MH satiety, fill. [A secondary form of שָׂבָע. For the ending see ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

שְׂבֵעוּת f.n. NH 1 satiety. 2 satisfaction, contentment. [Formed from שָׂבֵעַ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. שְׂבִיעוּת.]

שִׁבְעִים adj. seventy. [Properly pl. of שֶׁבַע (= seven). cp. Aram. and Syr. שַׁבְעִין, Arab. sab‘iīn (= seventy).]

שַׁבְעִית f.n. NH septet (music). [Formed from שֶׁבַע (= seven), with suff. ◌ִית.]

שִׁבְעָֽנָה m. adj. seven (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 42:13). [A var. of שִׁבְעָה. The form שִׁבֽעָנָה possibly arose from שִׁבְעָה through assimilation to שְׁמֹנָה (= eight).]

שִׁבְעָתַֽיִם adv. sevenfold, seven times. [Properly adv. use of the dual of שִׁבְעָה (= seven). The dual suff. added to certain numbers has the meaning ‘–fold’; see אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם.]

שׁבץ ᴵ to weave in checker or plaited work.
    — Pi. - שִׁבֵּץ 1 he wove in checker, embroidered; NH 2 he inlaid, fitted in (a gem in an ornament); NH 3 he framed, placed, graded.
    — Pu. - שֻׁבַּץ 1 was inwoven, was embroidered; NH 2 was inlaid, was fitted in (said of a gem); NH 3 was framed, was placed, was graded.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּבֵּץ 1 was fitted, was dovetailed. 2 was framed, was placed, was graded.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁבַּץ was fitted in, was dovetailed.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁבִּיץ MH 1 he fitted in, worked in; NH 2 he framed, placed, graded.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׁבַּץ 1 was fitted in, was dovetailed; 2 was framed, was placed, was graded. [Gesenius connects this base with Syr. שְׁבַץ (= he mixed), שֽׁבָצָא (= mixture), Arab. tashabbaṣa (= was entangled, was interwoven, was entwined). According to Zimmern it is possibly borrowed from Akka. sabsinūtu, which prob. means ‘weaving of colored patterns’.] Derivatives: שָׁבוּץ ᴵ, שִׁבּוּץ, הַשְׁבָּצָה, הִשְׁתַּבְּצוּת, מִשְׁבָּץ, מֽשֻׁבָּץ, מִשֽׁבֶּצֶת, תַּשֽׁבֵּץ, תִּשֽׁבֹּצֶת.

שׁבץ ᴵᴵ to be struck by apoplexy.
    — Qal - שָׁבַץ was struck by apoplexy.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתַּבֵּץ (of s.m.). [Denominated from שָׁבָץ.] Derivative: שָׁבוּץ ᴵᴵ.

שָׁבָץ m.n. 1 cramp, convulsion (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 1:9). NH 2 apoplexy. [Of uncertain origin. According to Driver related to Akka. shabṣu, which prob. means ‘cramp, convulsion’. However, Lagarde connects שָׁבָץ with Arab. dhabiṣa, Ethiop. dubsa (= was deformed, was fainting, was weak).] Derivative: שׁבץ ᴵᴵ.

שְׁבַצְבּוּץ m.n. PBH Equisetum. [See שְׁבַטֽבַּט.]

שׁבק to leave, let alone, forsake, abandon.
    — Qal - שָׁבַק he left, let alone, forsook, abandoned. [JAram.–Syr. שֽׁבַק, Arab. sabaqa (= he left, left behind). All these verbs are prob. Shaph‘el forms of base בקה (appearing in Arab. baqiya (= he remained). cp. שׁגר (= to send), which is Shaph‘el of גרר (= to draw); שׁזב (= to rescue), Akka. shūzubu, ushēzib, Shaph. of ez̄ebu (= to leave over, leave); שׁזרע (= to reseed), Shaph. of זרע; שׁחלף, Shiph. of חלף ᴵ; שׁחרר, Shiph. of חרר ᴵᴵ; שׁבר ᴵᴵ, if formed from בָּר (= grain, corn), or from עֲבוּר (= produce); שַׁבְרִיר, from ברר; שׁטען, Shiph. of טען ᴵ; שׁכלל, Shiph. of כלל ᴵᴵ; שׁכן, Shaph. of כון ᴵ; שׁכנע, Shiph. of כנע; שׁכפל, Shiph. of כפל; שׁכתב, Shiph. of כתב; שַׁלְהֶבֶת, from שׁלהב, Shaph. of לבה; possibly also שׁלב, from Akka. shulbū (= device for shutting a door), Shaph. of labū (= to shut, lock); שׁלך, possibly Shiph. of הלך; שׁלל ᴵⱽ (= to stitch loosely), possibly Shiph. formed from לוּלָאָה (= loop); שׁלק ᴵᴵ (= to make smooth, trim), possibly Shiph. of חלק ᴵᴵ (= to be smooth); possibly also שׁסף, from סוף, סף, earlier form of סַיִף; prob. שׁמד ᴵᴵ (= to force to apostasy), Shaph. of עֲמַד (= he dived, plunged, dipped in or under water, was baptized); שׁנע, Shiph. of נוע; שׁעמד, Shiph. of עמד; שׁעמם (= he made dull), Shaph. of עֲמַם; שַׁעתק, Shiph. of עתק; שׁקל ᴵᴵ, from Aram. קַל (= was light, was easy); שׁקץ, prob. Shiph. of קוץ ᴵ (= to loathe); שׁרץ, prob. Shiph. of רוץ (= to run).] Derivatives: שָׁבוּק, שִׁבּוּק.

שׂבר to look out, inspect, examine.
    — Qal - שָׂבַר he looked out, inspected, examined.
    — Pi. - שִׂבֵּר he hoped for, waited. [Aram. (also BAram.) סֽבַר (= he looked for, thought, was of opinion), Syr. סֽבַר (= he thought, believed, supposed), Arab. sabara (= he probed or inspected a wound). The spelling of שׂבר with שׂ in Heb. (instead of שׁ) would be an exception to the general rule according to which Heb. שׂ corresponds to Arab. שׁ (there are several such exceptions). However, some scholars connect Heb. שׂבר with Arab. shimr (= clear-sighted), and Ethiop. shamra (= he liked to). cp. also SArab. shabara (= he saw).] Derivatives: שֵׂבֶר, שִׂבָּרוֹן.

שֵֽׂבֶר m.n. hope. [From שׂבר. cp. שִׂבֽרָה.]

שׁבר ᴵ to break, break into pieces.
    — Qal - שָׁבַר 1 he broke, broke down; 2 he tore, rent; 3 he destroyed, demolished; NH 4 he ruined, annihilated.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁבַּר 1 was broken; 2 was torn, was rent; 3 was smitten, was destroyed, was demolished; NH 4 was humiliated.
    — Pi. - שִׁבֵּר 1 he broke, shattered, smashed; 2 he destroyed, demolished.
    — Pu. - שֻׁבַּר 1 was broken, was shattered, was smashed; 2 was destroyed, was demolished.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּבֵּר PBH 1 was broken; NH 2 it seemed as if it were broken.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁבִּיר he caused to break out, i.e. he brought to the birth.
    — Hoph. - הָשְׁבַּר was broken, was shattered. [Aram.–Syr. תְּבַר (= he broke, fractured), Ugar. ṯbr (= to break; to open), Ethiop. sabara (= he broke, broke into pieces), Arab. thabara (= he destroyed, ruined), Akka. shabāru (= to break, break into pieces. cp. שׁבר ᴵᴵ).] Derivatives: שֶׁבֶר ᴵ, שִׁבָּרוֹן, שְׁבָרִים, שָׁבוּר, שִׁבּוּר, שָׁבִיר, שְׁבִירָה, שַׁבְרִיר, הִשָּׁבְרוּת, הִשְׁתַּבְּרוּת, מַשְׁבֵּר, מִשְׁבֶּר, מְשֻׁבָּר, נִשְׁבָּר, תִּשְׁבֹּרֶת. cp. תְּבִיר, תַּבְרָה.

שׁבר ᴵᴵ to buy (grain); to sell (grain, food).
    — Qal - שָׁבַר 1 he bought (grain or food); 2 he sold (grain or food).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁבִּיר he sold grain. [Various attempts have been made to find the etymology of this base. Several scholars see in it a Shaph‘el form derived from the n. בַּר (= grain, corn), or the n. עֲבוּר (= produce). According to the most probable supposition שׁבר ᴵᴵ is denominated from שֶׁבֶר ᴵᴵᴵ (q.v.), whence ultimately identical with שׁבר ᴵ.] Derivatives: שִׁבֽרוֹן, הַשְׁבָּרָה.

שֶֽׁבֶר ᴵ m.n. 1 breaking, crushing. 2 break, breach. 3 fracture. 4 calamity, misfortune. 5 solution or interpretation (of a dream); lit.: ‘breaking of a dream’. NH 6 hernia, rupture. MH 7 fraction (mathematics). PBH 8 (only in the pl. שֽׁבָרִים) broken, disconnected sounds of the shofar. 9 another name for the ‘Hiriq’ (properly loan translation of Arab. kasra, ‘the vowel i’, lit.: ‘breaking, breach’, from kasara, ‘he broke’. [From שׁבר ᴵ. The orig. form is prob. שֵׁבֶר.] Derivatives: שֶׁבֶר ᴵᴵ, שֶׁבֶר ᴵᴵᴵ.

שֶֽׁבֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. NH fraction (mathematics). [Figurative use of שֶׁבֶר ᴵ.]

שֶֽׁבֶר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. corn, grain. [Prob. derived from שׁבר ᴵ (= to break), and lit. meaning ‘broken (or threshed) food’.] Derivative: שִׁבָּרוֹן, prob. also שׁבר ᴵᴵ.

שֶֽׁבֶר ᴵⱽ m.n. interpretation (of a dream). [Prob. a special sense development of שֶׁבֶר ᴵ and lit. meaning ‘solution’ (i.e. ‘breaking’) of a dream. Barth connects this word with Aram. פְּשַׁר (= to interpret; see פשׁר and cp. פֶּשֶׁר). Haupt compares it with Akka. shabrū (= seer).]

שַׁבָּר m.n. PBH Peganum harmala (botany). [Aram. שַׁבָּרָא, שַׁוָּרָא, from שֽׁוַר (= to leap, jump); so called in allusion to the hashishlike effect of the seed, which causes the person who has eaten it to jump about. For the etymology of Aram. שֽׁוַר see שׁור ᴵᴵ.]

שִׂבְרָה f.n. MH hope. [A secondary form of שֵׁבֶר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁבְרֽוּחַ m.n. NH windbreak. [Contraction of שָׁבַר (= he broke; see שׁבר ᴵ), and רוּחַ (= wind).]

שִׂבָּרוֹן m.n. MH hope. [Formed from שׂבר with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

שִׁבָּרוֹן m.n. breaking, crushing. [From שׁבר ᴵ.]

שִׁבְרוֹן m.n. PBH trade in corn. [Formed from שֶׁבֶר ᴵᴵᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

שְׁבָרִים m.n. pl. 1 broken, discontinued sounds (see שֶׁבֶר ᴵ, sense 8). 2 fractions (see שֶׁבֶר ᴵᴵ).

שַׁבְרִיר ᴵ m.n. splint, chink. [Dimin. from שֶׁבֶר ᴵ.]

שַׁבְרִיר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 ray, sunbeam. MH 2 (euphemistically, in the pl.) night blindness, nyctalopy. [From JAram. שַׁבְרִירֵי, which is of uncertain origin. Tur–Sinai sees in this word a Shaph‘el form derived from Akka. barāru (= to shine). See ברר.] Derivative: שַׁבְרִירִי ᴵᴵ.

שַׁבְרִירִי ᴵ adj. NH fragile. [Formed from שַׁבֽרִיר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁבְרִירִי ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 ‘Shabriri’ — name of a demon set over blindness. 2 ‘Shavriri’ — magic word, such as ‘abracadabra’. [From שַׁבְרִיר ᴵᴵ.]

שַׁבְרָק m.n. NH restharrow; Ononis (a genus of cloverlike herbs). [From Arab. shibrïq.]

שׁבשׁ to entangle, confound, confuse.
    — Pi. - שִׁבֵּשׁ PBH 1 he entangled, confounded, confused; MH 2 he made errors (in writing), blundered, was mistaken; NH 3 he spoiled; NH 4 he copied with mistakes.
    — Pu. - שֻׁבַּשׁ PBH 1 was spoiled; NH 2 was confounded, was confused; MH 3 was faulty, was full of errors.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתַּבֵּשׁ PBH 1 was confounded, was confused; PBH 2 he blundered, was mistaken; NH 3 was faulty, was full of mistakes. [Borrowed from BAram., also Aram. שִׁבֵּשׁ (= he entangled, confounded, confused), שִׁבֽשָׁא (= branch, bough, twig), שֽׁבִשֽׁתָּא (= twig smeared with birdlime), שַׁבֶּשֽׁתָּא (= snare, trap, confusion, mistake). Related to Mand. שׁבאש and שׁואשׁ (= he befooled), Akka. shabāshu (= to turn away in anger, were perplexed). Arab. shawwasha (= he entangled), is an Aram. loan word. According to Tur–Sinai שׁבשׁ is properly Shaph‘el of בִּישׁ (see בִּישׁ and base באשׁ).] Derivatives: שַׁבּֽשָׁן, שַׁבֽשֶׁבֶת, שַׁבֶּשֶׁת, שִׁבּוּשׁ, הִשְׁתַּבְּשׁוּת, מֽשֻׁבָּשׁ. cp. שַׁבֶּשְׁתָּא.

שַׁבְשֶֽׁבֶת ᴵ f.n. PBH twig smeared with birdlime. [Aram. שְׁבִשֽׁתָּא (of s.m.), from שִׁבְשָׁא (= branch, bough, twig). See שׁבשׁ and cp. שַׁפֽשֶׁפֶת ᴵᴵ.]

שַׁבְשֶֽׁבֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. NH weather vane. [A blend of נשׁב (= to blow), and שַׁבֽשֶׁבֶת ᴵ.]

שַׁבְּשָׁן m.n. NH one who makes errors in copying or in lecturing. [Formed from שִׁבֵּשׁ, Pi. of שׁבשׁ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שַׁבֶּֽשֶׁת f.n. NH error, mistake, fault. [From JAram. שַׁבְּשֽׁתָּא (q.v.).]

שַׁבֶּשְׁתָּא f.n. PBH error, mistake, fault. [Aram., from שַׁבֵּשׁ (= he confounded, confused). See שׁבשׁ.]

שׁבת to cease, desist; to rest.
    — Qal - שָׁבַת 1 he ceased, desisted; 2 he desisted from labor, rested; PBH 3 he observed the Sabbath, he spent the Sabbath; NH 4 he struck, was on strike (properly ‘he stopped working’).
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁבַּת ceased.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁבִּית 1 he caused to cease, put an end to; 2 he removed, exterminated, destroyed; NH 3 he locked out (workers).
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁבַּת PBH 1 was made to cease, was stopped; PBH 2 he ceased, perished; NH 3 was locked out (from his work). [JAram. שְׁבַת (= he rested; he observed the Sabbath), Arab. sabata (= he cut off, interrupted, ceased, rested). Akka. shabātu, which prob. means ‘to complete, cease, desist’. cp. שֶׁבֶת ᴵ.] Derivatives: שַׁבָּת, שְׁבוּת ᴵᴵ, שְׁבִיתָה, שׁוֹבֵת, מִשְׁבָּת, מֻשְׁבָּת.

שַׁבָּת m.n. (pl. שַׁבָּתוֹת) 1 day of rest, Sabbath. 2 week, i.e. the seven days from Sunday to Sabbath (the JAram. and Syr. loan words also have both meanings: ‘Sabbath’, and ‘week’; cp. also Gk. sabbaton and sabbata, which also have both these meanings). 3 feast, festival. 4 of years, i.e. a period of seven years. 5 the Sabbathical year, ‘shemittah’. PBH 6 ‘Sabbath’, name of the first Mishnah and Talmud tractate of the order מוֹעֵד. [Derived from שׁבת and lit. meaning ‘day of rest’. Aram.–Syr. שַׁבְּתָא, Arab. sabt, Ethiop. sanbat, are Heb. loan words. So are Gk. sabbaton (whence L. sabbatum, It. sabato, Old Provençal–Catalan dissapte, Spanish–Portuguese sábado, Serbo–Croatian subota, Czech and Slovak sobota, Russ. subbóta, etc.), and its Gk. vulgar var. sambaton, whence VL sambatum, Rumanian sîmbǎtǎ, Old Slavic so̧bota, Hungarian szombat (= Saturday), and sambatīdiēs (= the day of Sabbath), whence Old Fren. sambe-di, whence Fren. samedi (= Saturday), and prob. through the medium of the Gothic — the first element in Old High Ger. sambaz-tac, middle High Ger. samez-tac, Ger. Samstag (= Saturday). However, also Akka. shabbatu, shappatu, and Egypt. smdt, in the sense ‘15th day of the month’ (but not in the meaning ‘7th day of the week’, nor in that of ‘7th or 14th day of the month’, as supposed by many scholars), are borrowed from ancient Hebrew. As shown by the above facts, the name שַׁבָּת and the idea it conveys are of Hebrew origin.] Derivatives: שַׁבּֽתַאי, שַׁבָּתוֹן, שַׁבַּתִּי, שַׁבַּתְיָן. cp. סַמֽבַּטְיוֹן.

שֶֽׁבֶת ᴵ f.n. 1 seat, sitting. 2 dwelling place. 3 cessation from work, rest. PBH 4 indemnity for loss of time. [Subst. use of the inf. of יָשַׁב (see ישׁב). In senses 3 and 4 ישׁב is used in the meaning ‘he sat idle’. Some scholars derive שֶׁבֶת in these senses from שׁבת (= to cease, to rest).]

שֶֽׁבֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH Anethum (a genus of plants). [Related to Syr. שְׁבֶתָּא, Arab. shibit, Akka. shibattu, shibbitu.]

שֵׁבְּתָאוּת f.n. NH 1 belief in Shabbetai Zevi. 2 the movement of the followers of Shabbetai Zevi. [Formed from שַׁבְּתָאִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁבְּתָאִי m.n. NH follower of Shabbetai Zevi. [Formed from the name of the false Messiah שַׁבְּתַי צְבִי (1626–76) with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁבְּתַאי m.n. PBH the planet Saturn. [Formed from שַׁבָּת (= Saturday), with suff. ◌ַאי. cp. Saturnus (the Latin god Saturn), whence diēs Sāturnī (= Saturday), on the one hand, and Sāturnus (the planet Saturn) on the other. cp. also Eng. Saturday, lit.: ‘Saturn’s day’. cp. שַׁבְּתַאי־הַשָּׁקֵד.]

שַׁבְּתַאי־הַשָּׁקֵד m.n. NH Saturnia (the type genus of an important family of moths). [Loan translation of the scientific name Modern L. Saturnia, which derives from L. Saturnus. See שַׁבּֽתַאי.]

שִׁבְתָּה f.n. MH meningitis (disease). [From JAram. שִׁבְתָּא which is of unknown origin.]

שַׁבָּתוֹן m.n. 1 Sabbath observance. NH 2 complete rest. [Formed from שַׁבָּת with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שַׁבְּתַי see שַׁבְּתַאי.

שַׁבַּתִּי adj. NH pertaining to the Sabbath; Sabbathlike. [Formed from שַׁבָּת (= Sabbath), with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שַׁבַּתִּיּוּת.

שַׁבַּתִּיּוּת f.n. NH Sabbath atmosphere. [Formed from שַׁבַּתִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁבַּתְיָן m.n. NH Sabbatarian; Seventh-Day Adventist. [Coined from שַׁבָּת (= Sabbath), prob. in imitation of Modern L. Sabbatiānus.]

שׂגא to grow, grow great, increase.
    — Qal - שָׂגָא grew, grew great, increased.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂגִּיא 1 he made great, raised, elevated; NH 2 grew great, increased. [Aram., BAram. and Syr. שֽׂגָא, Aram.–Syr. סֽגִי, Mand. סגע (= was great, grew great, was much), Arab. shajaujā(y) (= long and thick). In Heb. the base is prob. an Aramaism. cp. שׂגה, which is a secondary form of שׂגא.] Derivatives: שֶׂגֶא, שַׂגִּיא.

שֶֽׂגֶא m.n. NH greatness, loftiness, elevation. [From שׂגא.]

שׂגב to be (inaccessibly) high, be very strong.
    — Qal - שָׂגַב 1 was inaccessibly high, was very strong; MH 2 he strengthened, glorified.
    — Niph. - נִשְׂגַּב 1 was high; 2 was set on high; 3 was exalted (said of God).
    — Pi. - שִׂגֵּב 1 he set on high; 2 he exalted.
    — Pu. - שֻׂגַּב 1 was set on high; MH 2 was strengthened; 3 was exalted, was praised.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׂתַּגֵּב 1 he was set on high; 2 he found protection.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׂגִּיב 1 he acted exaltedly; NH 2 he became great, became strong.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׂגַּב was strengthened, was exalted. [TA iskupy (= rises — said of a wall). Aram. שַׂגֵּב (= he made strong) is a Heb. loan word. For sense development cp. Arab. najā (= was high; was protected, was saved, was rescued).] Derivatives: שֶׂגֶב, שִׂגּוּב, שָׂגוּב, שַׂגִּיב, הַשְׂגָבָה, מִשְׂגָב, נִשֽׂגָב.

שֶֽׂגֶב m.n. MH loftiness, exaltation. [From שׂגב.]

שׁגג to go astray, to commit an error, sin unintentionally.
    — Qal - שָׁגַג he went astray, committed an error, sinned unintentionally. [A secondary form of שׁגה.] Derivatives: שֶׁגֶג, שְׁגָגָה, שְׁגִיגָה, שׁוֹגֵג.

שֶֽׁגֶג m.n. MH error, mistake, unintentional sin (poetically). [A secondary form of שְׁגָגָה.]

שְׁגָגָה f.n. error, mistake, unintentional sin. [Verbal n. of שׁגג. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁגָּדוֹן m.n. MH 1 hip disease. NH 2 rheumatism. [From Aram. שִׁגְרּוֹנָא, which is of uncertain origin. It is prob. not a loan word from Gk. ischias (= hip disease), as most scholars would have it. Löw holds שִׁגֽרּוֹנָא for a genuine Aram. word. Another version of this word is שִׁגֽרוֹנָא (whence NH שִׁגָּרוֹן), however שִׁגְדּוֹנָא is the more correct reading, although in NH שִׁגָּרוֹן is the preferred form.]

שׂגה to grow, grow great, increase.
    — Qal - שָׂגָה he grew, grew great, increased.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂגָּה he made great, increased. [A secondary form of שׂגא.] Derivative: שִׂגּוּי. cp. שִׂגְשֵׂג.

שׁגה to go astray, to commit an error unintentionally.
    — Qal - שָׁגָה 1 he went astray, erred; NH 2 he was mistaken, sinned by error; 3 he swerved, staggered, reeled; 4 he acted inadvertently.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁגָּה 1 he led astray; 2 he misled. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁגָא (= he went astray, wandered, erred, swerved), Ethiop. sakaya (= he erred), Aram.–Syr. שְׁגַשׁ (= he troubled, disturbed). cp. שׁגג. cp. also שׁגשׁ.] Derivatives: שָׁגוּי, שֽׁגִיאָה, שֽׁגִיָּה, הַשְׁגָּיָה, מִשְׁגֶּה, שִׁגָּיוֹן ᴵ, שִׁגָּיוֹן ᴵᴵ.

שָׂגוּב adj. MH great, lofty, exalted. [Pass. part. of שָׂגַב. See שׂגב.]

שִׂגּוּב m.n. MH 1 loftiness, exaltation. NH 2 strengthening. [Verbal n. of שִׂגֵּב, Pi. of שׂגב.]

שִׂגּוּי m.n. MH greatness, loftiness, exaltation. [From שׂגה.]

שָׁגוּי adj. NH mistaken, erred. [Pass. part. of שָׁגָה; see שָׁגָה.]

שָׁגוּם adj. NH connected, mortised. [From שׁגם.]

שָׁגֽוּעַ adj. NH maddening, making mad. [From שׁגע.]

שִׁגּֽוּעַ m.n. NH maddening, making mad. [Verbal n. of שִׁגַּע, Pi. of שׁגע.]

שָׁגוּר adj. PBH 1 fluent, spoken without hesitation. NH 2 current. NH 3 usual, routine. [Pass. part. of שָׁגַר. See שׁגר and cp. שָׁגִיר.] Derivatives: שֽׁגִירָה, שֽׁגִירוּת.

שִׁגּוּר m.n. NH sending, dispatching. [Verbal n. of שִׁגֵּר, Pi. of שׁגר.]

שִׁגּוּשׁ m.n. MH 1 tumult, panic. NH 2 confusion. [Verbal n. of שִׁגֵּשׁ, Pi. of שׁגשׁ.]

שׁגח to look at, gaze at.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁגִּיחַ 1 he looked at, gazed at; 2 he cared for, minded; MH 3 he looked after, inspected, supervised.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁגַּח was looked after, was supervised. [JAram. שֽׁגַח, אַשֽׁגֵח (= he looked, gazed at; he cared for, minded).] Derivatives: הַשְׁגָּחָה, מַשְׁגִּיחַ, מַשְׁגּוֹחַ.

שַׂגִּיא adj. great, lofty, exalted. [From שׂגא. Related to Egypt.–Aram. שגי, שגיא, JAram. סַגִּי. See סַגִּי.] Derivative: שַׂגִּיאוּת.

שְׁגִיאָה f.n. error, mistake (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 19:13 in the pl.). [Verbal n. of שָׁגָה. cp. שְׁגִיָּה.]

שַׂגִּיאוּת f.n. NH greatness, loftiness, exaltation. [Formed from שַׂגִּיא with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׂגִּיב adj. NH great, lofty, exalted. [Formed from שִׂגֵּב, Pi. of שׂגב.] Derivative: שַׂגִּיבוּת.

שְׂגִּיבוּת f. n. NH greatness, loftiness, exaltation. [Formed from שַׂגִּיב with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁגִיגָה f.n. MH error, mistake. [Verbal n. of שָׁגַג. See שׁגג and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שֽׁגָגָה.]

שְׁגִיָּה f.n. MH 1 error, mistake. 2 being absorbed in vanities. [Verbal n. of שָׁגָה. See שׁגה and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. שְׁגִיאָה.]

שִׁגָּיוֹן ᴵ m.n. (pl. שִׁגְיוֹנוֹת) a word of uncertain meaning, occurring Ps. 7:1 and Hab. 3:1, usually rendered by ‘hymn’, ‘dithyramb’ or ‘song’. [Of uncertain etymology. Some scholars derive it from שׁגה (= to go astray, err), and accordingly, render it by ‘wild, passionate song’ or ‘dithyramb’. Others connect it with Arab. saj‘ (= rhymed prose); see שׁגע. Others compare it with Akka. shegū (= dirge), a derivative of shegū (= to rave, rage; to lament violently).]

שִׁגָּיוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. שִׁגֽיוֹנוֹת) MH 1 being absorbed in vanities. NH 2 hobby. NH 3 idée fixe. [Formed from שׁגה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivative: שִׁגְיוֹנִי.

שִׁגְיוֹנִי adj. NH absorbed in vanities. [Formed from שִׁגָּיוֹן ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁגִיר adj. NH 1 fluent, spoken without hesitation. 2 usual routine. [A secondary form of שָׁגוּר.]

שְׁגִירָה f.n. NH fluency. [From שָׁגוּר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ֶה.]

שְׁגִירוּת f.n. NH fluency. [Formed from שָׁגוּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֵׁגָל f.n. (pl. שְׁגָלוֹת) king’s wife, queen-consort. [Of uncertain etymology. BAram. שֵׁגָל is a Heb. loan word. According to Brockelmann, Akka. shigrēti (= women of the harem) was borrowed from Heb. שֵׁגָל; Heb. ל became r through dissimilation.] Derivatives: שׁגל, שִׁגְלוֹנָה.

שׁגל to violate, ravish.
    — Qal - שָׁגַל he violated, ravished (in the Bible occurring only Deut. 28:30 in the form יִשְׁגָּלֶנָּה).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁגְּלָה was violated, was ravished (in the Bible occurring only Is. 13:16, Zech. 14:2).
    — Pu. (or pass. Qal) . - שֻׁגְּלָה was violated, was ravished (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 3:2 in the form שֻׁגַּלֽתְּ). [Denominated from שֵׁגָל. (Wherever this verb occurs in the Bible it was replaced in the scriptural text by שׁכב).] Derivative: מִשֽׁגָּל.

שִׁגְלוֹנָה f.n. PBH concubine.
    (. - שַׁגָּם ), בְּשַׁגָּם conj. prob. equivalent of בְּשֶׁגַּם (= for, because) and, accordingly, compounded of בְּ◌, שַׁ◌ (= שֶׁ◌), and גַּם. [A secondary form of שֵׁגָל.]

שֶֽׁגֶם m.n. PBH 1 joint made of twisted reed. NH 2 hinge. [From JAram. שִׁגֽמָא (of s.m.), which is of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: שָׁגוּם, מְשֻׁגָּם.

שׁגם to connect, mortise; to bend (lit.: ‘to bind by suffering’).
    — Pi. - שִׁגֵּם 1 he connected, mortised; 2 he bent.
    — Pu. - שֻׁגַּם was connected, was mortised. [Denominated from שֶׁגֶם.]

שׁגע to be mad.
    — Pi. - שִׁגַּע MH 1 he confused, confounded; NH 2 he maddened, made mad.
    — Pu. - שֻׁגַּע was maddened.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּגַּע 1 he showed madness, feigned madness; MH 2 he was confused; NH 3 he went mad. [Arab. saja‘a (= ‘he cooed’ — said of a male pigeon), Ethiop. zange‘a (= he made confused speeches), Akka. shegū (= to rave, rage; to lament violently; see שִׁגָּיוֹן ᴵ).] Derivatives: שֶׁגֵע, שִׁגָּעוֹן, שִׁגְעָנוּת, שָׁגוּעַ, שִׁגּוּעַ, הִשְׁתַּגּֽעוּת, מֽשֻׁגָּע.

שֶֽׁגַע m.n. NH madness. [From שׁגע.]

שִׁגָּעוֹן m.n. (pl. שִׁגְעוֹנוֹת) madness, insanity, mania. [Formed from שׁגע with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivative: שִׁגְעוֹנִי.

שִׁגְעוֹנִי adj. NH mad, insane, crazy. [Formed from שִׁגָּעוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שִׁגְעָנוּת f.n. NH madness. [Formed from שׁגע with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

שׁגר to send, send off; to run, flow.
    — Qal - שָׁגַר 1 he sent, sent off; 2 it ran, flowed.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁגַּר became customary, became fluent.
    — Pi. - שִׁגֵּר 1 he sent, sent off, expedited; 2 he accustomed, made customary.
    — Pu. - שֻׁגַּר was sent, was sent off, was dispatched.
    — Nith. - נִשֽׁתַּגֵּר MH 1 became customary, became routine; NH 2 he got accustomed; MH 3 was sent, was sent off, was dispatched.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁגִּיר PBH 1 he rendered fluent; NH 2 he routinized, conventionalized.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁגַּר 1 was rendered fluent; 2 was routinized, was conventionalized. [From JAram. שְׁגַר (= he sent, threw; in f. also ‘she bore children’), which is related to Syr. שַׁגַּר (= he sent), שְׁגַר (= it flowed). These words are prop. Shaph‘el forms of base גרר (= to draw, drag).] Derivatives: שֶׁגֶר, שַׁגָּר, שִׁגֽרָה, שַׁגְרָן, שָׁגוּר, שִׁגּוּר, שׁוֹגֵר, אַשְׁגָּרָה, הֶשְׁגֵּר, הַשֽׁגָּרָה, הִשְׁתַּגְּרוּת, אֶשְׁגָּר, מַשֽׁגֵּר. cp. שִׁגֽרָא. cp. also שַׁגְרִיר.

שֶֽׁגֶר m.n. offspring, young of beasts. [Derived from שׁגר and lit. meaning ‘that which is thrown by the dam’. cp. Ugar. shqr (= many young animals). For sense development cp. JAram. שְׁגַר (see שׁגר) and Ger. werfen (= to throw; to bring forth young), Wurf (= bearing young, birth; litter, nest, brood).]

שַׁגָּר m.n. NH dispatch clerk. [Nomen opificis, formed from שִׁגֵּר, Pi. of שׁגר, according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. שַׁגְּרָן.]

שִׁגְרָא m.n. PBH flowing, running (occurring esp. in the phrase שִׁגָּרָא דֽלִשָּׁנָא, ‘fluent talk, fluency’). [Aram., from שֽׁגַר. See שׁגר and cp. שִׁגְרָה.]

שִׁגְרָה f.n. MH 1 fluency. NH 2 routine. [From שִׁגֽרָא.] Derivatives: שִׁגֽרָתִי, שִׁגְרְתָן.

שִׁגָּרוֹן m.n. NH rheumatism. [From Aram. שִׁגְרוֹנָא. Several scholars derive this word from Gk. ischiagra (= hip disease). It is more probable, however, that the correct form of the word is שִׁגְדּוֹנָא. See שִׁגָּדוֹן.] Derivative: שִׁגֽרוֹנִי.

שִׁגְרוֹנִי adj. NH rheumatic. [Formed from שִׁגָּרוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁגְרִיר m.n. PBH 1 viceroy. NH 2 ambassador. NH 3 envoy. [Prob. formed from שׁגר (= to send), through reduplication of the third radical. For sense development cp. Ger. Gesandter (= ambassador), from senden (= to send). According to some scholars the word שַׁגֽרִיר was borrowed from L. surregulus, also found in the dissimilated form surregurus (= petty prince, feudatory vassal), which was formed from sub– (= under), and the dimin. of rēx (= king); see סוּבּֽ◌ and רֶקְטוֹר. Both these etymologies are farfetched. According to my opinion שַׁגֽרִיר is blend of שׁגר (= to send), and Syr. שַׁרִּיר (= firm, solid, strong; trusty; trusty friend of the king). See שָׁרִיר ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: שַׁגְרִירוּת.

שַׁגְרִירוּת f.n. NH embassy. [Formed from שַׁגְרִיר with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁגְּרָן m.n. NH dispatch clerk. [Formed from שִׁגֵּר, Pi. of שׁגר, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שִׁגְרָתִי adj. NH customary, routine (adj.). [Formed from שִׁגְרָה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁגְרָתִיּוּת.

שִׁגְרָתִיּוּת f.n. NH routinism. [Formed from שִׁגְרָתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׁגְרְתָן m.n. NH routinist. [Formed from שִׁגְרָה with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שִׁגְרְתָנוּת.

שִׁגְרְתָנוּת f.n. NH routinism. [Formed from שִׁגֽרְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁגשׁ to confuse, confound.
    — Pi. - שִׁגֵּשׁ he confused, confounded.
    — Pu. - שֻׁגַּשׁ was confused, was confounded.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּגֵּשׁ became confused, became confounded. [From Aram. (= Syr.) שְׁגַשׁ (= he confused, confounded), which is related to sagisa (= the water was turbid), Akka. shaqāshu, shagāshu (= he struck to the ground, overthrew).] Derivative: שִׁגּוּשׁ.

שׂגשׂג to grow, flourish.
    — Pilp. - שִׂגְשֵׂג (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 17:11) 1 he grew, flourished; 2 he throve, succeeded.
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׂתַּגְשֵׂג 1 he grew considerably; 2 he succeeded greatly, developed. [According to Ibn Ezra, ReDaK and many others, Pilpel of שׂגה.] Derivative: שִׂגְשׂוּג.

שִׂגְשׂוּג m.n. MH growth, flourishing. [Verbal n. of שִׂגְשֵׂג.]

שַׁד m.n. (dual שָׁדַיִם) 1 female breast. 2 protuberance. [Aram.–Syr. pl. תְּדַיָּא (= breasts), Ugar. td, Arab. thady (= breast), thadā(y) (= he moistened). Prob. a word derived from infant’s babble. cp. שַׁדַּי.]

שֵׁד m.n. evil spirit; demon, devil. [Prob. a loan word from Akka. shēdu (= a protecting spirit, esp. in the form of a bull-colossus), whence also Aram. שֵׁידָא, Syr. שִׁידָא (= demon). cp. the second element in the Phoen. גדשד.] Derivatives: שֵׁדָה, שֵׁדוֹן.

שֹׁד ᴵ m.n. 1 violence, havoc. 2 devastation. [From שׁדד.]

שֹׁד ᴵᴵ m.n. female breast. [A secondary form of שַׁד. cp. Arab. thud, a rare secondary form of thady (= breast).]

שָׂדָאוּת f.n. NH fieldcraft (military). [Formed from שָׂדֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֶׁדֶבְר m.n. FW masterpiece. [Fren. chef-d’oeuvre (= lit.: ‘chief work’), from chef (= chief, principal), de (= from, of), and oeuvre (= work).]

שׂדד to plow, harrow.
    — Pi. - שִׁדֵּד he plowed, harrowed.
    — Pu. - שֻׂדַּד was plowed, was harrowed. [Akka. shadādu (= to draw, drag; to measure), shiddu (= tract, field). cp. Syr. סַדָּא (= furrow).] Derivatives: שַׂדָּד, שִׂדּוּד, שְׂדִידָה, מַשְׂדֵדָה.

שַׂדָּד m.n. NH plowman, harrower. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׂדֵּד, Pi. of שׂדד, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שׁדד MH to overpower, destroy violently, rob, devastate, ruin; to despoil, ravage.
    — Qal - שָׁדַד 1 he destroyed violently, robbed, devastated, ruined; 2 he despoiled, ravaged.
    — Niph. - נָשַׁד , also נִשְׁדַּד, was robbed, was devastated, was destroyed, was ruined.
    — Pi. - שִׁדֵּד he utterly devastated, destroyed, robbed, ruined.
    — Po‘el . - שׁוֹדֵד (of s.m.).
    — Pu. - שֻׁדַּד was utterly devastated, was destroyed, was ruined.
    — Hoph. - הוּשַׁד was robbed, was devastated, was destroyed, was ruined; also הֻשְׁדַּד (of s.m.). [Ethiop. sadada (= he expelled), Arab. sadda (= he closed up, stopped up, obstructed), Akka. shadādu (= to draw, drag).] Derivatives: שֹׁד ᴵ, שׁוֹדֵד, שָׁדוּד, שִׁדּוּד, שְׁדִידָה. cp. שַׁדַּי.

שָׂדֶה m. & f.n. (pl. שָׂדוֹת) 1 field. 2 open country. 3 land. NH 4 outside, outdoors. [Contraction of the orig. form שָׂדַי (q.v.). Related to Ugar. shd (= soil, land, plowland), Akka. shadū (= mountain), TA shatē. The orig. meaning of שָׂדֶה was ‘mountain’. Barth founds this orig. meaning of שָׂדֶה in the phrase עַל מְרוֹמֵי שָׂדֶה (Jud. 5:18).] Derivative: שָׂדָאוּת.

שֵׁדָה f.n. PBH evil spirit (female); female demon. [f. of שֵׁד.]

שִׁדָּה ᴵ f.n. a beautiful woman (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 2:8). [Of unknown origin.]

שִׁדָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH chest of drawers. [Of unknown origin.]

שָׁדוּד adj. 1 devastated, destroyed, ruined. 2 slain. MH 3 broken, depressed. [Pass. part. of שָׁדַד; see שׁדד. In Ps. 137:8 שֽׁדוּדָה has an active meaning. For other Qal pass. part. used in an active sense cp. אָחוּז and words there referred to.]

שִׁדּוּד m.n. MH devastation, destruction, robbing, plundering. [Verbal n. of שִׁדֵּד, Pi. of שׁדד. cp. שֽׁדִידָה.]

שִׁדּוּךְ m.n. PBH 1 preliminaries to a betrothal. MH 2 betrothal, engagement. [From JAram. שִׁדּוּכָא, from שַׁדֵּךְ (= Heb. שִׁדֵּךְ), Pi. of שׁדך.]

שִׁדּוּל m.n. MH 1 striving, endeavor. 2 persuasion. [Verbal n. of שִׁדֵּל, Pi. of שׁדל.]

שַׁדּוּן (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 19:29). [Of doubtful origin and meaning. Usually it is taken in the form of שׁדין, punctuated שַׁדִּין (= שֶׁדִּין) and rendered accordingly ‘that there is judgement’. See שַׁ◌ (= שֶׁ◌) and דִּין.]

שֵׁדוֹן m.n. NH a little demon, gnome, sprite, imp. [Formed from שֵׁד with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivative: שֵׁדוֹנִי.

שֵׁדוֹנִי adj. NH like a little demon, gnomelike, impish. [Formed from שֵׁדוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁדוּף adj. 1 blasted, blighted. MH 2 meaningless. NH 3 empty, emptied. [Pass. part. of שָׁדַף. See שׁדף.] Derivative: שְׁדִיפוּת.

שָׁדוּר adj. NH sent, broadcast. [Pass. part. of שָׁדַר. See שׁדר.]

שִׁדּוּר m.n. MH 1 sending. NH 2 broadcasting. [Verbal n. of שִׁדֵּר, Pi. of שׁדר.]

שַׁדַּי m.n. the Almighty. [Various attempts have been made to find the etymology of this word. It is generally derived from שׁדד in the sense ‘to overpower’, hence rendered ‘Almighty’. Some scholars compare it with Akka. shadū (= mountain; see שָׂדֶה). Others connect is with שַׁד (= breast) and render שַׁדַּי by ‘Provider, Sustainer’. Still others derive it from base appearing in Aram. שְׁדָא (= he hurled, threw), and translate שַׁדַּי by ‘the hurler of the arrows of lightning and thunder’. Several scholars refer to Arab. sadā (= he stretched out his hand), saddā (= he heaped benefits; he reconciled persons at enmity with each other), and render שַׁדַּי by ‘Dispenser of benefits’, resp. ‘Protector of peace’. In this case the form שַׁדַּי could be most easily explained as a פַּעָל–form (whence also סַלָּח, ‘Forgiver’). Our Sages explain שַׁדַּי as שֶׁדַּי (= whose divinity suffices for every creature); see שַׁ◌ (= שֶׁ◌) and דַּי. Aquilas, Symmachos and Theodotion render שַׁדַּי by ikachos (= sufficing, sufficient), thus following the explanation of our Sages.]

שָׂדַי m.n. field. [Orig. form of שָׂדֶה.]

שֵׁדִי adj. NH diabolic(al), devilish. [Formed from שֵׁד with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שֵׁדִיּוּת.

שְׂדִידָה f.n. MH plowing, harrowing. [Verbal n. of שָׂדַד. See שׂדד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁדִידָה f.n. devastation, destruction, robbing. [Verbal n. of שָׁדַד. i.e. שׁדד[[illegible]] and first suff. ◌ָה, and cp. שִׁדּוּד.]

שֵׁדִיּוּת f.n. NH deviltry. [Formed from שֵׁדִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁדִיפָה f.n. PBH blasting, blighting. [Verbal n. of שָׁדַף. See שׁדף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁדִיפוּת f.n. NH emptiness. [Formed from שָׁדוּף with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁדִיר adj. NH suitable for broadcasting, broadcastable. [Coined from שָׁדַף (= he sent, broadcast; see שׁדר) according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

שׁדך to negotiate a marriage, make a match.
    — Pi. - שִׁדֵּךְ he negotiated a marriage, made a match, matched.
    — Pu. - שֻׁדַּךְ was matched.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּדִּךְ he entered into marriage.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁדִּיךְ he quieted, calmed. [Aram.–Syr. שַׁדֵּךְ (= he made proposals of marriage, offered marriage gifts). The original meaning of this base is ‘to soothe, pacify, appease’; cp. JAram. שֽׁדַךְ, שְׁדוֹךְ (= was quiet, was appeased), Mand. שְׁדִיכָא (= at rest, at ease), Arab. sadika (= was quiet, was calm).] Derivatives: שַׁדְּכָן, שִׁדּוּךְ, הִשֽׁתַּדּֽכוּת.

שַׁדְּכָן m.n. MH matchmaker, marriage broker. [Formed from שִׁדֵּךְ, Pi. of שׁדך, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שַׁדְּכָנוּת.

שַׁדְּכָנוּת f.n. MH matchmaking, marriage brokerage. [Formed from שַׁדְכָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁדל to persuade, entice.
    — Qal - שִׁדֵּל he persuaded, enticed.
    — Pu. - שֻׁדַּל was persuaded, was enticed.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתַּדֵּל 1 he strove, endeavored; 2 he made an effort; 3 he appeased, made friends with. [Borrowed from Aram.–Syr. שְׁדַל (= he soothed; he cajoled, allured), שַׁדֵּל (= he cajoled, beguiled, enticed; he seduced). The orig. meaning of this Aram. base was ‘he strove, endeavored’, and it is synonymous with, or, more probably, a secondary form of שׁדר (q.v.).] Derivatives: שַׁדּֽלָן, שִׁדּוּל, שְׁדֻלָּה, הִשֽׁתַּדְּלּוּת, שְׁתַדְלָן.

שְׁדֻלָּה f.n. NH lobby, group of lobbyists. [Formed from שׁדל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁדְּלָן m.n. NH 1 persuader, enticer, peacemaker. NH 2 lobbyist. [Formed from שִׁדֵּל, Pi. of שׁדל, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שַׁדְּלָנִי, שַׁדּֽלָנוּת.

שַׁדְּלָנוּת f.n. NH 1 persuasion, peacemaking. 2 lobbying. [Formed from שַׁדְלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁדְּלָנִי adj. NH persuading, enticing, peacemaking. [Formed from שַׁדְּלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁדֵמָה f.n. field (esp. of wheat or vine). [Together with Ugar. shdmth (of s.m.) of unknown origin.]

שׁדף to blast, blight, scorch.
    — Qal - שָׁדַף he blasted, blighted, parched, scorched (in the Bible occurring only in the pass. part.; see שָׁדוּף).
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁדַּף was blasted, was blighted, was parched, was scorched.
    — Pi. - שִׁדֵּף he blasted, blighted, parched, scorched.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּדֵּף was blasted, was blighted, was parched, was scorched.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁדִּיף he caused blast, caused blight. [JAram. שֽׁדַף, אִשְׁתְּדַף (= it scorched), Arab. ’asdafa (= was dark). Related to שזף. According to some scholars שׁדף is the Shiph‘el form of הדף (= to thrust).] Derivatives: שֶׁדֶף, שֽׁדֵפָה, שִׁדָּפוֹן, שַׁדֶּפֶת, שָׁדוּף, שְׁדִיפָה, הִשְׁתַּדְּפוּת.

שֶֽׁדֶף m.n. MH blast, blight. [From שׁדף.]

שְׁדֵפָה f.n. blight, blasting (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 19:26). [Formed from שָׁדַף (see שׁדף), with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שְׁדִיפָה.]

שִׁדָּפוֹן m.n. (pl. שִׁדְפוֹנוֹת) blight, blasting. [Formed from שׁדף with ◌וֹן, a suff. forming abstract nouns.]

שַׁדֶּֽפֶת f.n. NH Tales (disease). [Coined from שׁדף (= to blast, blight, parch, scorch), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שׁדר to send; to broadcast.
    — Qal - שָׁדַר he sent.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁדַּר was sent.
    — Pi. - שִׁדֵּר he broadcast.
    — Pu. - שֻׁדַּר was broadcast.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּדַּר he made efforts. [BAram. שׁדר, אִשְׁתַּדַּר (= he exerted himself, strove), JAram.–Syr. שַׁדַּר (= he sent), Syr. שׁוּדָרָא, תַּשְׁדַּרֽתָּא (= something sent), אֶשְׁתַּדּוּר (= opposing, insurrection), Egypt-Arab. אִשְׁתַּדַּר (= he exerted himself), Arab. sadara (= she let her hair fall, or flow, down). cp. the related bases שׁגר and שׁדל. Heb. שָׁדַר is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: שַׁדָּר ᴵ, שֶׁדֶר, שַׁדְּרָן, שִׁדּוּר, שָׁדִיר, מַשְׁדֵּר, מִשְׁדָּר, מְשֻׁדָּר, תַּשְׁרִּיר, תִּשְׁדֹּרֶת.

שַׁדָּר ᴵ m.n. NH broadcaster. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׁדֵּר, Pi. of שׁדר, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שַׁדָּר ᴵᴵ m.n. NH the birch tree; Betula (a genus of trees).

שֶֽׁדֶר ᴵ m.n. NH message; radio broadcast. [From שׁדר.]

שֶֽׁדֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH spine. [From JAram. שִׁדֽרָא. See שִׁדֽרָה.]

שְׂדֵרָה f.n. 1 row, rank of soldiers. 2 architectural technical term of uncertain origin. NH 3 boulevard, avenue. NH 4 file, column (military). [From stem שׂדר (= סדר), hence the orig. meaning of שְׂדֵרָה was ‘something put in order’, ‘something arranged’. For the ending of שֽׂדֵרָה see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁדְרָה f.n. PBH spinal column, backbone. [From JAram. שִׁדְרָא, equivalent to Heb. שִׁזְרָה (q.v.).] Derivatives: שִׁדְרִית, שַׁדֶּרֶת.

שִׁדְרִית f.n. NH keel (in a boat). [Formed from שִׁדְרָה with suff. ◌ִית.]

שַׁדְּרָן m.n. NH broadcaster. [Formed from שִׁדֵּר, Pi. of שׁדר, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שַׁדֶּֽרֶת f.n. NH rachitis, rickets (disease). [Coined from שִׁדְרָה (= spinal column, backbone), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שׁדשׁ base of שֵׁשׁ (= six), and words there referred to.

שַׁה see שַׁח ᴵᴵ.

שֶׂה m. & f.n. 1 (young) sheep, lamb. 2 small cattle (goat, sheep). [Related to Phoen. ש, Ugar. sh (= sheep; small cattle), Arab. shā’ (= sheep; ewe), Akka. shu’u (= lamb), Egypt. s’, s’w, Lower Egypt. esōw, Upper Egypt. esow, Middle Egypt. esaw (= sheep).] Derivative: שֵׂיָה.

שָׂהֵד m.n. witness (occurring only Job 16:19 in the phrase שָׂהֲדִי בַּמְּרוֹמִים, ‘God is my witness’). [Aramaizing of part. of BAram. שׂהד (= to bear witness, testify), corresponding to JAram. סְהֵד, related to Mand. סהיד, Arab. shahida (= he witnessed), whence shāhid (= witness). See סהד and cp. סָהֵד.] Derivative: שָׂהֲדוּתָא.

שָׂהֲדוּתָא f.n. testimony. [BAram., Aram., Syr. and New Syr. סָהֲדוּתָא. Derived from שָׂהֵד.]

שׁהה to tarry, linger; to stay, to delay, be late in coming.
    — Qal - שָׁהָה 1 he tarried, lingered; 2 he stayed; 3 he delayed, was late in coming; 4 he detained, withheld.
    — Pi. - שִׁהָה he detained, withheld.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתָּהָה he was delayed, paused.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁהָה he delayed, detained, retarded.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁהָה was delayed, was detained, was retarded. [Borrowed from JAram. שֽׁהָא, שְׁהִי (= he stood still, tarried, lingered, was astonished, became stiff), which is related to Syr. שְׁהָא, שְׁהִי (= was deserted), Arab. sahā (= was inattentive, was absent-minded, was distracted; he neglected, omitted, forgot, overlooked). Related to שׁהא ᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׁהוּי, שִׁהוּי, שְׁהוּת, שְׁהִי, שְׁהִיָּה, שַׁהֲיָן, הַשֽׁהָיָה, הִשְׁתַּהוּת.

שָׁהוּי adj. PBH delayed, retarded. [Pass. part. of שָׁהָה. See שׁהה.] Derivative: שְׁהִיּוּת.

שִׁהוּי m.n. PBH delay, retardation. [Verbal n. of שִׁהָה, Pi. of שׁהה.]

שִׁהוּק m.n. NH hiccup, hiccough. [Verbal n. of שִׁהֵק, Pi. of שׁהק.]

שְׁהוּת f.n. PBH 1 time, leisure. NH 2 respite. [Formed from שָׁהָה (see שׁהה) with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֶׁהֶחֱיָֽנוּ MH name of a benediction of thanksgiving. [So called because after its introductory part the benediction begins with the word שֶׁהֶהֶֽיָֽנוּ, meaning ‘who hast granted us life’.]

שְׁהִי m.n. NH fermata (music). [Back formation from שְׁהִיָּה.]

שְׁהִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 lingering, tarrying; delay. 2 interruption. [Verbal n. of שָׁהָה. See שׁהה and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: שְׁהִי.

שְׁהִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 time of delay. 2 endurance. [Formed from שְׁהִיָּה with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁהֲיָן adj. MH laggard, tardy. [Formed from שָׁהָה (see שׁהה) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שְׁהִ״י־פְּהִ״י transparent excuse, subterfuge. [Formed from the abbreviation of the words פֶּסַח הַיּוֹם, שַׁבָּת הַיּוֹם, ‘It is Sabbath today, it is Passover today’ (used as a subterfuge for a refusal).] Derivative: פהה.

שֶׁהַכֹּל PBH name of a benediction over water or foods not grown from the earth. [So called because after its introductory part the benediction begins with the word שֶׁהַכֹּל, meaning ‘(by Whose word) all things (exist)’.]

שֹֽׁהַם m.n. name of a precious stone, generally identified with the onyx. [Prob. related to Akka. shamtu, name of a red precious stone.] Derivatives: שׂהם, שָׁהָֽמִי.

שׁהם to inlay with onyx.
    — Pu. - שֻׁהַם was inlaid with onyx.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּהֵם was inlaid with something resembling onyx. [Denominated from שֹׁהַם.]

שָׁהֳמִי adj. NH onyxlike. [Formed from שֹׁהַם with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁהק to hiccup, hiccough.
    — Pi. - שִׁהֵק he hiccuped, hiccoughed.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּהֵק (of s.m.). [Arab. shahiqa (= he brayed — said of a donkey), shahaqa and shahiqa (= he inhaled, sighed deeply; he sobbed, gulped). Prob. of imitative origin.] Derivatives: שַׁהַק, שַׁהֶקֶת, שִׁהוּק.

שְַׁהַק m.n. NH hiccuping. [From שׁהק.]

שַׁהֶֽקֶת f.n. NH attack of hiccuping (medicine). [Coined from שִׁהֵק (= he hiccuped; see שׁהק), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שַׂהַר m.n. PBH [A collateral form of סַהַר (q.v.).]

שַׂהֲרוֹן m.n. little moon, i.e. an ornament shaped like a small moon (in the Bible occurring only Jud. 21:26 and Is. 3:18). [Formed with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן from שַׂהַר (= moon), which is related to OAram. שַׂהַר (= moon god), JAram.–Syr. סַהֲרָא (= moon), Aram. סַהֲרָנַיָּא, Syr. סַהְרָנֵא (= crescents), Arab. shahr, Ethiop. shahr (= moon), OSArab. שׁהר (= moon, moon god), Akka. sa’ru (= ring). cp. סַהַר ᴵ, סֹהַר. cp. also סָהוּר, סַהֲרוּרִי, סַהֲרוֹן.]

שָׁו (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 15:31 and prob. meaning ‘equality’). [Prob. a shortened form of שָׁוֶה.]

שָׁוְא m.n. 1 lie, falsehood. 2 nothingness, worthlessness, vanity. [Related to Arab. sa’a (= was or became bad, was or became evil, was foul, was unseemly), sau’ (= evil), Ethiop. say’ (= wickedness, baseness).]

שְׁוָא m.n. MH ‘shwa’ (Heb. grammar) — half a vowel indicated by the sign ◌ְ, and pronounced like e in Eng. agent. [Borrowed from Syr. שְׁוַיָּא (= the seven points), lit.: ‘even’ or ‘equal’ (points), name of the accent mark ◌ְ, which corresponds to the Heb. accent זָקֵף. Syr. שְׁוַיָּא derives from Syr. שְׁוָא (= was like or equal), which is related to Heb. שָׁוָה (= was even, smooth or like); see שׁוה ᴵ. cp. שָׁווּי.] Derivative: שְׁוָאִי.

שׂוֹא m.n. lifting up, rising, elation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 89:10). [Shortened form נְשׂוֹא, inf. of נָשָׂא. See נשׂא.]

שׁוֹאֵב m.n. water drawer. [Act. part. of שָׁאַב. See שׁאב.]

שׁוֹאָה f.n. 1 devastation, destruction, ruin. NH 2 catastrophe. [From שׁאה ᴵ.]

שְׁוָאִי adj. MH pertaining to, or voweled with, a ‘shwa’. [Formed from שֽׁוָא with suff. ◌ִי. cp. שָׁווּי.]

שׁוֹאֵל m.n. PBH 1 borrower. NH 2 questioner. [Subst. use of Biblical Heb. שׁוֹאֵל, act. part. of שָׁאַל. See שׁאל.]

שׁוֹאֵן adj. NH very noisy, tumultuous. [Act. part. of שָׁאַן. See שׁאן ᴵᴵ.]

שׁוב ᴵ to return, turn back, come again, go again.
    — Qal - שָׁב 1 he returned, turned back, came again, went again; 2 he became again; 3 he did again, repeated; MH 4 he became; 5 he repented (in this sense it is used elliptically for שָׁב מִדַּרְכּוֹ הָרָעָה, ‘he returned from his evil way’, or for שָׁב אֶל ה׳, ‘he returned to the Lord’); 5 he changed his mind.
    — Pol. - שׁוֹבֵב 1 he brought back, took back; 2 he restored, refreshed.
    — Po. - שׁוֹבַב was brought back, was taken back, was restored.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׁיב 1 he caused to return, brought back; 2 he gave back, restored; 3 he answered, replied (in this sense used elliptically for הֵשִׁיב דָּבָר, lit.: ‘returned word’); 4 he reversed, revoked.
    — Hoph. - הוּשַׁב was returned, brought back, was restored. [Aram. (also BAram.) תּוּב (= to return, turn back, come again, go again), Syr. תָּב (= he returned, turned back, came again, went again), Ugar. tb (= to turn; to answer, comply with), Arab. thāba (= he returned, turned back, came back, went back), OSArab. תֿוב (= to return; to reward).] Derivatives: שׁוֹבֵב, שׁוּבָה, שִׁיבָה, שִׁיּוּב, הֲשָׁבָה, הִשָּׁבוֹן, מוּשָׁב, מָשׁוֹב, מְשׁוֹבֵב, תְּשׁוּבָה. cp. תְּיוּבְתָּא.

שׁוב ᴵᴵ to turn away, apostatize, be refractory, be rebellious.
    — Pol. - שׁוֹבֵב he turned away, lead, astray, misled; he apostatized, was refractory, was rebellious.
    — Hithpol. - הִשְׁתּוֹבֵב he behaved wildly, was refractory, was rebellious. [According to Barth שׁוב in this sense is related to Arab. sāba (= he left, gave up, relinquished, neglected).] Derivatives: שׁוֹבָב, שׁוֹבֵב, מְשׁוּבָה.

שׁוּב adv. PBH again, once more. [Prob. loan translation of the related JAram. תּוּב, תּוּ (= again, once more). See שׁוּב ᴵ and cp. תּוּ.]

שׁוֹבָב adj. & m.n. (also שׁוֹבֵב) 1 refractory, rebellious, unruly, mischievous, apostate. NH 2 a mischievous boy. [From שׁוב ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שׁוֹבְבוּת, שׁוֹבָבִי, שׁוֹבְבָנִי, שׁוֹבְבָנוּת.

שׁוֹבְבוּת f.n. MH refractoriness, rebelliousness, unruliness, mischievousness. [Formed from שׁוֹבָב with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוֹבָבִי adj. PBH refractory, rebellious, unruly, mischievous. [Formed from שׁוֹבָב with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁוֹבְבָנוּת f.n. NH naughtiness, boisterousness. [Formed from שׁוֹבָב with suff. ◌נוּת.]

שׁוֹבְבָנִי adj. NH naughty, boisterous, mischievous. [Formed from שׁוֹבָב with suff. ◌נִי.]

שׁוּבָה f.n. coming back (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 30:15). [Prob. formed from שׁוּב ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שׁוֹבִינִיּוּת f.n. FW chauvinism. [See שׁוֹבִינִיזְם.]

שׁוֹבִינִיזְם m.n. FW chauvinism. [Fren. chauvinisme, formed with suff. – isme (see ◌ִיזֽם) from Fren. chauvin, which was formed from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, one of Napoleon’s veterans, ridiculed for his excessive patriotism and staged by the brothers Cogniard in the vaudeville ‘La Cocarde tricolore’ (1831).]

שׁוֹבִינִיסְט m.n. FW chauvinist. [See שׁוֹבִינִיזֽם and suff. ◌ִיסְט.] Derivative: שׁוֹבִינִיסֽטִי.

שׁוֹבִינִיסְטִי adj. FW chauvinistic. [Formed from שׁוֹבִינִיסֽט with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁוֹבָךְ m.n. PBH (pl. שׁוֹבָכִים, also שׁוֹבָכוֹת) dovecot. [Related to Arab. shubbāk (= netting, network; window), and to Heb. שֽׂבָכָה (= network). Since Arab. sh corresponds to Heb. שׂ (hence Heb. שְׂבָכָה) it is obvious that the correct spelling of שובך is שׂוֹבָךְ, with שׂ.]

שֽׂוֹבֶךְ see שׂבֶךֽ.

שׁוֹבֵר ᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. שׁוֹבְרִים, also שׁוֹבְרוֹת) voucher, receipt (for money). [Properly part. of שָׁבַר (see שׁבר); so called because in ancient times documents were written on pieces of clay or potsherd, and in order to annul the document, it was broken into pieces.]

שׁוֹבֵר ᴵᴵ NH ‘breaker’ (used as the first element in compounds, as in שׁוֹבֵר־גַּלִּים, ‘breakwater’; שׁוֹבֵר־רוּחַ, ‘windbreak’). [Act. part. of שָׁבַר. See שׁבר.]

שׁוֹבֵת m.n. NH striker. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שׁבת.]

שׂוּג to turn back, retreat.
    — Niph. - נָשׂוֹג he turned back, retreated (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 1:22). [A secondary form of סוג ᴵ. cp. שִׂיג.]

שׁוֹגֵג adj. erring, sinning unintentionally. [Act. part. of שָׁגַג See שׁגג.]

שׁוֹגֵר m.n. NH consignor. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׁגַר. See שׁגר.]

שׂוד see שׂיד.

שׁוּדָא m.n. PBH discretionary judgment, adjudication (an Aram. word, currently used in the Talmudic term שׁוּדָא דְדַיָּנֵי, ‘adjudication of the judges’). [JAram., formed through elision from שׁוּחֲדָא (= choice, discretion; gift, bribe), corresponding to Heb. שֹׁחַד. For similar elision cp. מָסוּתָא (= bath) and words there referred to.]

שׁוֹדֵד m.n. robber. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׁדַד. See שׁדד.]

שׁוה ᴵ to be like, be equal, be equivalent.
    — Qal - שָׁוָה 1 was even, was smooth, was like, was equal; 2 was equal in value; 3 was worth, was fit, was appropriate; 4 sufficient, satisfactory.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁוָה became equal.
    — Pi. - שִׁוָּה 1 he has leveled (i.e. the ground’s surface); 2 he smoothed.
    — Pu. - שֻׁוָּה 1 was made even; 2 was made equal.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּוָּה and Nith. נִשְׁתַּוָּה 1 was made alike; 2 came to an agreement, compromised.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁוָה he made like, likened, compared; PBH 2 he harmonized, made equal, made to agree; PBH 3 he smoothed, straightened.
    — Hoph. - הִשֽׁוָה PBH 1 was made equal; NH 2 was made to agree. [Aram.–Syr. שֽׁוָא (= was even, was like, was equal), BAram. שַׁוִּיו (= they made like), Arab. sawwā(y) (= he made even or flat), Egypt.–Aram. שׁוה (= equal in value).] Derivatives: שָׁוֵה, שָׁוֶה, שִׁוּוּי, שֹׁוִי, שִׁוְיוֹן, הַשְׁוָאָה, הַשְׁוָיָה, הִשְׁתַּוּוּת, מַשְׁוֶה, מֻשְׁוֶה, מִשְׁוָאָה, מִשְׁוָיָה. cp. שְׁוָא.

שׁוה ᴵᴵ to set, put, place.
    — Pi. - שִׁוָּה he set, put, placed. [Aram. שְׁוָא, BAram. יִשֽׁתַּוֵּה (= will be made into), VArab. sawwā(y) (= he made), istawā(y) (= he became), wāsā(y) (= he made).]

שָׁוֵה m.n. plain (whence שָׁוֵה קִרֽיָתֵיִם, Gen. 14:5, ‘the plain of Kiryatayim’). [From שׁוה ᴵ, whence also Syr. שְׁוָתָא, Arab. siyy (= plain).]

שָׁוֶה adj. PBH 1 equal, fitting, appropriate. 2 equivalent. 3 worth, equi– and iso- (first element in compounds). [From שׁוה ᴵ. cp. שָׁו.] Derivative: שָׁווּת.

שִׁוּוּט m.n. NH systematization. [Verbal n. of שִׁוֵּט. See שׁוט ᴵᴵᴵ.]

שִׁוּוּי m.n. MH 1 proportion. NH 2 equalization. NH 3 value. NH 4 comparison. [Verbal n. of שִׁוָּה, Pi. of שׁוה ᴵ.]

שָׁווּי adj. MH voweled with a ‘shwa’. [From שְׁוָא. cp. שְׁוָאִי.]

שִׁוּוּק m.n. NH marketing. [Verbal n. of שִׁוֵּק (= he marketed). See שׁוק ᴵᴵ.]

שִׁוּוּר m.n. NH tightrope dancing. [From שַׁוָּר.]

שָׁווּת f.n. NH equality. [Formed from שָׁוֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוּז see שָׁחוּז ᴵᴵ.

שׂוח to walk, go for a walk.
    — Qal - שָׂח (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 24:36 in the inf. לָשׂוּחַ, perhaps meaning ‘to walk, go for a walk’). [A base of uncertain origin and meaning. Perhaps related to Arab. sāḥa (= he roved, roamed about, traveled).]

שׁוח to bow down, bend.
    — Qal - שָׁח bowed down.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתּוֹחַח (see שׁחח). [Arab. sāḫa (= it sank in the ground — said of the foot), JAram. שִׁיחָא (= pit, ditch, cistern), Syr. שִׁיחָא (= pit, ditch). cp. the secondary forms שׁחה, שׁחח.] Derivatives: שׁוּחָה, שִׁיחַ, שִׁיחָה, שַׁחַת ᴵ.

שֽׁוּחַ f.n. PBH (also בַּת שׁוּחַ, pl. בְּנוֹת שׁוּחַ) white fig. [Of uncertain origin.]

שׁוּחָה f.n. pit. [Formed from שׁוח with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שִׁיחָה. cp. also שַׁחַת ᴵ.]

שׁוֹחֵט m.n. MH ritual slaughterer. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׁחַט (= he slaughtered); see שׁחט.] Derivative: שׁוֹחֲטוּת.

שׁוֹחֲטוּת f.n. NH ritual slaughtering; profession of a ritual slaughterer. [Formed from שׁוֹחֵט with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׂוֹחֵק adj. PBH 1 laughing. 2 oversized. [Part. of שָׂחַק; see שׂחק.]

שׁוֹחֵר m.n. 1 seeker, searcher (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 11:27). NH 2 friend, ‘fan’. NH 3 cadet. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׁחַר. See שׁחר.]

שׂוט to turn aside, move aside.
    — Qal - שָׂט he turned aside, moved aside (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 40:5 in the phrase שָׂטֵי כָזָב, ‘those who turn away to falsehood’). [A secondary form of שׂטה. cp. Ethiop. sōṭa (= he brought back), Arab. shaṭṭa (= he deviated, digressed, went too far, was excessive).] Derivative: שֵׂט.

שׁוט ᴵ to go about, rove about, wander; to row, swim.
    — Qal - שָׁט 1 he went about, roved about; 2 he rowed; PBH 3 he swam.
    — Pol. - שׁוֹטֵט 1 he went to and fro, roved to and fro; 2 he looked about attentively, considered, reflected; MH 3 he rowed, propelled.
    — Hith. - הִתְשׁוֹטֵט he ran to and fro (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 49:3).
    — Pi. - שִׁיֵּט 1 he looked about; 2 he swam.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׁיט PBH 1 he launched, caused to float; PBH 2 he caused to swim; NH 3 he sailed, carried in sailing vessels.
    — Hoph. - הוּשֵׁט 1 was launched, was made to float; 2 was sailed, was carried in sailing vessels. [Syr. שׁוּוָטָא (= stretching out), Akka. shāṭu (= to draw, drag). Related to Aram.–Syr. ישׁט (= to stretch out, hold out). See ישׁט and cp. שָׂטָן.] Derivatives: שׁוֹט, שִׁוּוּט, שׁוֹטֽטוּת, שׁוֹטֽטָן, שׁוֹטְטָנִי, שׁוֹטִית, שַׁטָּט, שִׁטּוּט, שְׁטִיטָה, שַׁיִט, שִׁיטָה ᴵᴵ, שַׁיֶּטֶת, הֲשָׁטָה, הִתְשׁוֹטְטוּת, מַשָּׁט, מָשׁוֹט, מֵשִׁיט, מוּשָׁט. cp. the first element in שַׁטֽגַּכ and in שַׁטְצַד, שַׁטְרֶגֶל.

שׁוט ᴵᴵ to treat with despite.
    — Qal - שָׁט he despised (in the Bible occurring only in the pl. part. in the form שָׁאטִים, Ezek. 28:24 and 26, and שָׁאטוֹת, Ezek. 16:57). [Aram. שׁוט (= to despise), Syr. שָׁט (= he despised), Akka. shātu (= to be careless). cp. שְׁאָט.]

שׁוט ᴵᴵᴵ to systemize.
    — Pi. - שִׁוֵּט he systematized.
    — Pu. - שֻׁוֵּט was systematized. [Denominated from שִׁיטָה (= system).] Derivative: שִׁוּוּט.

שׁוֹט m.n. scourge, whip. [From שׁוט ᴵ, whence also JAram. שׁוֹטָא, Syr. שַׁוְטָא, whence Arab. and Ethiop. sauṭ (= whip, lash, scourge).] Derivatives: שׁוֹטוֹן, שׁוֹטֵט, שׁוֹטִית.

שׁוֹטֶה adj. & m.n. PBH 1 foolish, stupid, silly. 2 idiot. 3 wild, uncultured (said of plants). [Act. part. of שָׁטָה. See שׁטה.]

שׁוֹטוֹן m.n. NH flagellum (biology). [Formed from שׁוֹט (= whip), with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן; loan translation of the scientific name flagellum, dimin. of flāgrum (= whip).]

שׁוֹטֵט m.n. scourge, whip (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Josh. 23:13). [Formed from שׁוֹט with reduplication of the ט.]

שׁוֹטְטוּת f.n. MH vagrancy. [Formed from שׁוט ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוֹטְטָן m.n. NH loiterer, vagrant. [Formed from שׁוֹטֵט, part. of שׁוט ᴵ, with suff. ◌ָן.]

שׁוֹטְטָנִי adj. NH walking about, vagrant. [Formed from שׁוט ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁוֹטִית f.n. NH a straight thin branch. [Borrowed from JAram. שׁוֹטִיתָא, which is formed from שׁוֹסָא (= whip), with suff. ◌ִית and emphatic ◌א, which corresponds to the Heb. def. article הַ◌. See שׁוֹט (= whip) and suff. ◌ִית. So called because it can be used for making a whip from it.]

שׁוּטִית f.n. NH canoe. [Formed from שׁוט ᴵ (= to go about, rove about; to row), with suff. ◌ִית.]

שׂוֹטֵן m.n. accuser, enemy. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׂטַן. See שׂטן.]

שׁוֹטֵף adj. 1 flowing, fluent. 2 swift, rapid. NH 3 current. [Act. part. of שָׁטַף. See שׁטף.]

שׁוֹטֵר m.n. 1 official, officer. NH 2 policeman. [A loan word from Akka. shāṭiru, from shaṭāru (= to write). See שְׁטָר. The orig. meaning of שׁוֹטֵר was prob. ‘scribe’; cp. Arab. kātib (= writer), properly act. part. of kataba (= he wrote), whence ‘scribe; secretary; clerk typist; clerk; office worker; notary’. cp. also Gk. grammatus (= secretary, registrar; clerk; recorder; lit.: ‘writer’), from gramma (= that which is written; letter), from the stem of graphein (= to write). See מִשְׁטָר, מִשְׁטָרָה.] Derivative: שׁטר.

שֹׁוִי m.n. PBH value, worth, price. [From שׁוה ᴵ.]

שִׁוְיוֹן m.n. (pl. שִׁוְיוֹנוֹת) MH 1 worth, value. NH 2 equality. Derivative: שִׁוְיוֹנִי.

שִׁוְיוֹנִי adj. NH equal. [Formed from שִׁוְיוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁוְיוֹנִיּוּת.

שִׁוְיוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH equality. [Formed from שִׁוְיוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁוִילְיָה see שְׁוַלְיָה.

שְׁוִיסָק m.n. PBH crackling, greaves. [Prob. from Pers. sūzāk (= burnt in fire).]

שׁוּץ FW to sweat.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁוִיץ was fussy (slang). [From Yiddish שׁוויץ (= sweat, perspiration), back formation from שוויצען (= to sweat, perspire), from Ger. schwitzen (of s.m.).]

שְׁוִיצֶר adj. & m.n. FW (slang) fussy, fusser. [From Yiddish שׁוויצער (= sweating).]

שָׁוִיק adj. NH marketable. [Coined from שׁוּק (= market), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: שְׁוִיקוּת.

שְׁוִיקוּת f.n. marketability. [Formed from שָׁוִיק with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׂוֹךְ m.n. (also שׂוֹכָה f.n.) thorny branch (both words are hapax legomena occurring Jud. 9:48 and 49). [Related to Aram.–Syr. סוֹכָא and סוֹכְתָא (= thorny branch), Arab. shauk (= thorns, spikes, pricks). For the ending of שׂוֹכָה see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שׂוך, סוֹךְ, and סוֹכָה.]

שׂוך to fence in, hedge about.
    — Qal - שָׂךְ he fenced in, hedged about (with thorns). [The orig. meaning prob. was ‘to fence in with thorns’, in which case Heb. שׂוּךְ would be denominated from שׂוֹךְ or שׂוֹכָה. cp. Arab. shāka (= he stung, pricked or hurt someone with a thorn), a verb denominated from shauk. cp. שׂכך ᴵ.] Derivative: מְשׂוּכָה.

שׂוֹכָה see שׂוֹךְ.

שׂוֹכֵר m.n. PBH hirer. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׂכַר. See שׂכר.]

שׁוּל m.n. (in the Bible occurring only in the dual שׁוּלַיִם) 1 skirt of a robe. 2 rim (at the bottom of a vessel). 3 margin (in a book). [Related to Arab. sawila (= it hung down, hung loose). See the collateral form שֹׁבֶל.] Derivative: שׁוּלִי.

שָׁוָל m.n. NH apprentice. [Shortened from שְׁוַלֽיָה (q.v.).]

שׁוֹלְטָנִי adj. NH domineering. [Formed from שָׁלַט (see שׁלט) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁוּלִי adj. NH marginal. [Formed from שׁוּל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שׁוּלִיּוּת.

שְׁוַלְיָה (less correctly שׁוּלְיָה) m.n. apprentice. [From Aram. שֽׁוַלְיָא, which is a loan word from Akka. shamallu (= apprentice). For the change of m to w see words of Akka. origin. cp. כִּסְלֵו and מַרְחֶשְׁוָן.]

שׁוּלְיָה see שֽׁוַלְיָה.

שׁוּלִיּוּת f.n. NH marginality. [Formed from שׁוּלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוּלֲיִם m.n. margin. [Dual of שׁוּל.]

שׁוֹלָל adj. barefoot (properly: ‘stripped as to walking’). [From שׁלל ᴵ. For sense development cp. Arab. salīb (= plundered, stripped).]

שׁוֹלֵל ᴵ adj. NH plundering, robbing. [Act. part. of שָׁלַל. See שׁלל ᴵ.]

שׁוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ adj. & m.n. negating, denying, gainsaying, opposition; negator, denier, gainsayer, opponent. [Act. part. of שָׁלַל. See שׁלל ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שׁוֹלֽלוּת, שׁוֹלְלִי, שׁוֹלְלָן.

שׁוֹלְלוּת f.n. MH 1 non-existence, absence. NH 2 negation, opposition. [Formed from שׁוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוֹלְלִי adj. MH negative. [Formed from שׁוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁוֹלְלָן m.n. NH negator, negationist. [Formed from שׁוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שׁוֹלְלָנוּת f.n. NH negation, negativism, negationism. [Formed from שׁוֹלְלָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוֹלְלָנִי adj. negative; negativistic. [Formed from שׁוֹלְלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׂום see שׂים.

שׂוֹם m.n. (occurring in the phrases שׂוֹם שֶׂכֶל, ‘giving the sense, making to understand’, Neh. 8:8; שׂוֹם לֵב, ‘directing one’s heart, listening’). [Subst. use of שׂום. See שִׂים.]

שׂוּם adj. set, put, placed, laid; imposed. [Pass. part. of שִׂים. See שׂים.]

שׁום to assess, value, evaluate, estimate, appraise.
    — Qal - שָׁם he assessed, valued, evaluated, estimated.
    — Niph. - נִשּׁוֹם was assessed, was valued, was evaluated, estimated. [JAram. שׁוּם (= to assess, value, evaluate, estimate), Arab. sāma (= he offered for sale; he bargained, haggled). All these words are prob. borrowed from Akka. shamu (= to buy), shimu (= price). Akka. shamu (= to buy), is prob. a special sense development of shamu (= ‘to fix’, in the meaning ‘to fix or impose taxes’), and, accordingly, the base שׁום properly developed from base שׂים (= to put, place, set; to fix).] Derivatives: שׁוּם ᴵᴵᴵ, שׁוֹם, שׁוּמָה ᴵ, שִׁימָה, שַׁמַּאי, הַשָּׁמָה.

שׁוֹם see שׁוּם ᴵᴵᴵ.

שׁוּם ᴵ m.n. garlic (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 11:5). [Related to Aram.–Syr. תּוּמָא, Arab. tūm, Akka. shūmu (= garlic).] Derivative: שׁוּמָנִית.

שׁוּם ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 name. 2 something. [A secondary form of שֵׁם (= name). The change of שֵׁם to שׁוּם is due to the dissimilation of the vowel ē to the labial m. cp. Akka. shumu (= name). JAram. has both forms שֵׁם and שׁוּם, Syr. שֵׁם. For a similar dissimilation cp. MH אוּם (= matrix, bulk, substance), a secondary form of אֵם (= mother).]

שׁוּם ᴵᴵᴵ, שׁוֹם m.n. PBH (pl. שׁוּמִין) assessment, evaluation, estimation, appraisal. [From שׁום.]

שׁוּמָה ᴵ f.n. PBH assessment, evaluation, estimation, appraisal. [From Aram. שׁוּמָא (of s.m.), from the verb שׁום. See שׁום.]

שׁוּמָה ᴵᴵ PBH mark, mole. [From Aram. שׁוּמָא, which is related to Syr. שׁוּמָא, שׁוּמֽתָּא, Arab. shāma (= mark, mole).]

שׁוֹמֵם adj. 1 empty, desolate. 2 deserted, lonely. [Act. part. of שָׁמַם. See שׁמם.] Derivatives: שׁוֹמְמָה, שׁוֹמְמוּת.

שׁוֹמְמָה f.n. desolate place; desert. [From שׁוֹמֵם.]

שׁוֹמְמוּת f.n. MH desolation, emptiness. [Formed from שׁוֹמֵם with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוּמָנִית f.n. PBH wild garlic. [Formed from שׁוּם (= garlic), with dimin. suff. ◌ָנִית. cp. Aram. תּוּמָנִיתָא (from תּוּם, ‘garlic’), which is a loan translation of Heb. שׁוּמָנִית.]

שׁוֹמֵר m.n. watchman, guard, keeper. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׁמַר. See שׁמר.] Derivative: שׁוֹמֵרָה.

שׁוֹמֵרָה f.n. PBH watchman’s hut. [From שׁוֹמֵר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שׁוֹמְרוֹנִי adj. Samaritan. [Formed from שׁוֹמְרוֹן (= Samaria), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁוּמְשׁוּק m.n. PBH wild marjoram. [From Gk. sampsychon (= marjoram), a foreign word, whence also Arab. sumsuq, samsaq (of s.m.).]

שׂוֹנֵא m.n. enemy, foe. [Subst. use of the act. part. Qal of שׂנא.]

שׁוֹנֶה adj. different, variant. [Act. part. of שָׁנַה (= he changed), Qal of שׁנה ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שׁוֹנוּת, שׁוֹנִיּוּת.

שׁוֹנוּת f.n. NH difference, variance. [Formed from שׁוֹנֶה with suff. ◌וּת. cp. שׁוֹנִיּוּת.]

שׁוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH difference, variance. [Formed from שׁוֹנֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוּנִית PBH (more correctly שֻׁנִּית) f.n. cliff, reef. [Prob. formed from שֵׁן (= tooth) with suff. ◌ִית. JAram. שׁוּנִית, שֻׁנִּית, is of the same origin and meaning. cp. שָׁנָן.]

שׁוּנָר m.n. NH (pl. שׁוּנְרוֹת) wild cat. [From Aram. שׁוּנְרָא, which is related to Arab. sunnār, sinnaur (= cat).]

שׁוּנְרָה f.n. PBH wild cat. [See שׁוּנָר.]

שׁוֹסֶה m.n. plunderer. [Act. part. of שָׁסָה. See שׁסה ᴵ.]

שֽׁוֹעַ ᴵ m.n. a word prob. meaning ‘nobleman’, ‘prince’. [For the etymology of this word see קוֹעַ.] Derivative: שׁוֹעוּת.

שֽׁוֹעַ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH enamel. [Formed from base שׁעע (= to smooth), whence also שָׁעִיעַ (= smooth).]

שֽׁוּעַ m.n. cry for help. [From שׁוע, whence also שֶׁוַע.]

שׁוע to cry out for help.
    — Pi. - שִׁוַּע he cried for help. [According to Gerber, denominated from שַׁוְעָה (= cry for help), and this latter derived from a base related to ישׁע (= to help, save, deliver).] Derivatives: שֶׁוַע, שַׁוְעָה, שׁוּעַ.

שֶֽׁוַע m.n. cry for help (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 5:3 in the form שַׁוֽעִי). [From שׁוע.]

שַׁוְעָה f.n. cry for help. [See שׁוע. cp. שׁוּעַ, שֶׁוַע.]

שׁוֹעוּת f.n. NH nobility. [Formed from שׁוֹעַ ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוּעָל m.n. fox. [Related to Aram. תַּעֲלָא, Syr. תַּעַֽלָא, Arab. thalab, f. thuāl, thual, thuāla, Akka. shēlibu or shēlabu (= fox).] Derivatives: שׁוּעָלוֹן, שַׁעֲלוּל. cp. תַּעֲלָא.

שׁוּעָלוֹן m.n. NH 1 a small fox. 2 name of a group of stars called Vulpecula (= small fox). [Formed from שׁוּעָל with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

שׁוֹעֵן m.n. NH watchmaker. [From שָׁעוֹן (= watch). cp. שָׁעָן.]

שׁוֹעֵר m.n. 1 porter, doorkeeper. 2 gatekeeper in the Sanctuary. NH 3 goalkeeper (in sports). [Denominated from שַׁעַר (= gate).]

שׁוֹעָר, שֹׁעָר adj. burst open (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 29:17 in the phrase כַּתְּאֵנִים הַשֹּׁעֲרִים, ‘like figs burst open’). [From שׁער ᴵᴵ.]

שׁוף ᴵ to trample upon, bruise.
    — Qal - שָׁף he trampled upon, bruised. [Aram. שׁוּף (= to bruise), Syr. שָׁף (= he bruised), Akka. shāpu (= to trample upon); related to שׁפף.]

שׁוף ᴵᴵ to smooth, rub, scrape, polish.
    — Qal - שָׁף 1 he smoothed, rubbed, scraped, polished; 2 he rubbed himself.
    — Niph. - נִשּׁוֹף was smoothed, was rubbed, was scraped, was polished.
    — Pi. - שִׁיֵּף he filed.
    — Pu. - שִׁיַּף was filed.
    — Pilpel (see . - שׁפשׁף ). [Aram. שׁוּף (= to smooth, rub, scrape, polish, to smear), Syr. שָׁף (= he rubbed, scraped, filed, polished, he smeared), Akka. shīpu (= paste), whence prob. Syr. שֽׁיָפָא (= paste, salve, eye salve). See the related base שׁפה ᴵ.] Derivatives: שׁוּף, שׁוֹפִין, שִׁיף, שִׁיפָה ᴵ, שִׁיפָה ᴵᴵ, שִׁיּוּף, שַׁיֶּפֶת, הֲשָׁפָה, מָשׁוֹף, מֽשׁוּפָה, מְשִׁיפָא, מְשִׁיפָה, נִשֹּׁפֶת.

שׁוּף adj. PBH smoothed, rubbed, scraped. [From שׁוּף ᴵᴵ.]

שׁוֹפֵט m.n. 1 judge. NH 2 referee, umpire (in sports). [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׁפַט. See שׁפט.] Derivative: שׁוֹפְטוּת.

שׁוֹפְטוּת f.n. NH judgeship. [Formed from שׁוֹפֵט with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוּפְטָן m.n. fool, idiot. [From Aram. שׁוּפֽטָנָא (q.v.).] Derivative: שׁוּפֽטָנִי.

שׁוּפְטָנָא adj. & m.n. fool, idiot (used esp. in the sentence אַטּוּ בְּשׁוּפֽטָנֵי עָסְקִינַן?, ‘Have we to do with fools?’). [Aram., borrowed from Pers.] Derivative: שׁוּפְטָן.

שׁוּפְטָנִי adj. NH foolish, idiotic. [Formed from שׁוּפֽטָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁוֹפִין m.n. PBH file. [Derived from שׁוף ᴵᴵ (= to smooth, to rub), whence also Aram. שׁוֹפִינָא (= file).]

שׁוֹפֽכָנִי adj. NH pouring, streaming, flowing. [Formed from שׁוֹפֵךְ, act. part. of שׁפך (= to pour), with suff. ◌ִנִי.]

שׁוֹפֵֽעַ adj. PBH abounding, streaming, flowing. [Act. part. of. שָׁפַע. See שׁפע.]

שׁוֹפָר m.n. (pl. שׁוֹפָרוֹת, also שׁוֹפָרִים) 1 ram’s horn, horn, trumpet. NH 2 mouthpiece, organ. MH 3 name of several conjunctive accents. NH 4 ochrea (botany). [Related to Arab. sawāfir (= ram’s horns), Akka. shapparu (= wild goat). Aram. שִׁיפוֹרָא (= horn, trumpet), whence Syr. שִׁיפוֹרָא, whence Arab. shabbūr (of s.m.), are Heb. loan words.] Derivatives: שׁוֹפָרִית, שֽׁפוֹפֶרֶת. cp. שָׁפִיר.

שׁוּפְרָא m.n. PBH beauty, splendor. [Aram., from שְׁפַר (= was beautiful, was pleasing), which is related to Heb. שָׁפַר (of s.m.). See שׁפר.]

שׁוֹפָרִית f.n. NH ochreola (botany). [Formed with dimin. suff. ◌ִית from שׁוֹפָר (= horn). Loan translation of ochreola, formed from ochrea (see שׁוֹפָר) with dimin. suff. – ola.]

שׁוק ᴵ to be abundant.
    — Pol. - שׁוֹקִק he gave abundance to.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׁיק it overflowed, ran over. [Akka. shūqu (= abundance). Related to the base שׁקה.]

שׁוק ᴵᴵ to drive, to run. [Prob. base of שׁוֹק (= leg) and שׁוּק ᴵ (= street, market). cp. שׁקק ᴵ.]

שׁוק ᴵᴵᴵ to desire. [Arab. shāqa (= he attracted, impelled — said of desire or affection). Related to שׁקק ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שׁוּק ᴵᴵ, תּֽשׁוּקָה.

שׁוק ᴵⱽ to market.
    — Pi. - שִׁוֵּק he marketed.
    — Pu. - שֻׁוַּק was marketed. [Denominated from שׁוּק ᴵ (= market).] Derivatives: שַׁוָּק, שִׁוּוּק, שָׁוִיק.

שׁוֹק f.n. (pl. שׁוֹקַיִם) 1 leg, thigh. MH 2 one of the two sides of an isosceles triangle. NH 3 arm (of the compasses). [Related to JAram. שׁוֹקָא, Syr. שָׁקָא (= leg; esp. ‘shank’), Arab. sāq (= thigh), Akka. sīqu (= knee). All these words prob. derive from base שׁוּק ᴵᴵ (= to drive).] Derivatives: שׁוֹקָה, שׁוֹקִית ᴵ, שׁוֹקִית ᴵᴵ. cp. שָׁקָא.

שׁוּק ᴵ m.n. (pl. שְׁוָקִים) 1 street. PBH 2 marketplace. [Together with JAram.–Syr. שׁוּקָא (= street, square, marketplace, market, bazaar), prob. borrowed from Akka. sūqu (= street), which prob. derives from שׁוק ᴵᴵ (= to drive). Arab. sūq (= bazaar), Ethiop. sakat, sakōt, and Armenian shukai, are Aram. loan words.] Derivatives: שׁוּקַאי, שׁוּקִי, שְׁקָק ᴵ.

שׁוּק ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH desire, longing, yearning. [From שׁוק ᴵᴵᴵ.]

שַׁוָּק m.n. NH marketer. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׁוֵּק (= he marketed), Pi. of שׁוק ᴵⱽ, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שׁוּקַאי m.n. NH pedlar, hawker, huckster. [Formed from שׁוּק (= market), with suff. ◌ַאי.]

שׁוֹקָה f.n. NH shinbone, tibia. [Formed from שׁוֹק with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: שׁוֹקָתִי.

שׁוֹקוֹלָדָה f.n. FW chocolate. [Sp. chocolate, from Nahuatl chocolatl.]

שׁוּקִי adj. NH pertaining to the market. [Formed from שׁוּק (= market), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁוֹקִית ᴵ f.n. NH upper (of a boot). [Formed from שׁוֹק with suff. ◌ִית.]

שׁוֹקִית ᴵᴵ f.n. NH fibula, perone (anatomy). [Formed from שׁוֹק with suff. ◌ִית.] Derivative: שׁוֹקִיתִי.

שׁוֹקִיתִי adj. NH fibular, peronal. [Formed from שׁוֹקִית with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁוֹקִל m.n. NH purchaser of the (Zionist) ‘shekel’. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שָׁקַל. See שׁקל.]

שׁוֹקֵעַ adj. PBH 1 sinking. 2 concave. [Act. part. of שָׁקַע. See שׁקע.]

שׁוֹקֵק ᴵ adj. noisy, busy (street). [Act. Part. of שָׁקַק. See שׁקק ᴵ.]

שׁוֹקֵק ᴵᴵ adj. desirous, longing, yearning. [Act. part. of שָׁקַק. See שׁקק ᴵᴵ.]

שׁוֹקָתִי adj. NH tibial. [Formed from שׁוֹקָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׂור ᴵ to wrestle, contend.
    — Qal - שַׂר he wrestled, contended. [Related to שׂרה and שׂרר.]

שׂור ᴵᴵ to appoint a ruler.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׂיר he made princes (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 8:4 in the form הֵשִׂירוּ.] [Denominated from שַׂר (= prince).]

שׂור ᴵᴵᴵ to saw.
    — Qal - שַׂר he sawed. [Related to נשׂר (= MH נסר, ‘to saw’). See מַסּוֹר.]

שׂור ᴵⱽ to turn aside, depart. [A secondary form of סור ᴵ. This verb occurs in the Bible, Hos. 9:12, only in the inf. construction בְּשׂוּרִי (= when I depart).]

שׁור ᴵ to look, behold, regard.
    — Qal - שָׁר 1 he looked, beheld, regarded; 2 he watched, lay in wait.
    — Pol. - שׁוֹרֵר he watched (insidiously). [Perhaps related to Akka. mushirtu (= window).] Derivative: שׁוּר ᴵᴵ.

שׁור ᴵᴵ to leap, jump; to dance.
    — Qal - שָׁוַר he jumped, leapt; he danced on the rope.
    — Pi. - שִׁוֵּר (of s.m.). [Aram.–Syr. שְׁוַר (= he leapt, jumped), Arab. sāra, sāwara (of s.m.), Akka. samāru (= to leap, jump).] Derivatives: שַׁוָּר, שִׁוּוּר, מִשְׁוֶרֶת, מִשְׁוָרַיִם.

שׁור ᴵᴵᴵ to align.
    — Pi. - שִׁוֵּר he aligned.
    — Pu. - שֻׁוַּר was aligned. [Denominated from שׁוּרָה (= row, line).] Derivative: שִׁוּוּר.

שׁוֹר m.n. (pl. שְׁוָרִים) 1 ox, bull. PBH 2 Taurus (astronomy). [Related to Aram. תּוֹרא (= ox, bull, steer), OSArab. תֿור, Arab. shaur, Ugar. tr (= ox, bull, steer), Phoen. thor (= the divine steer), Akka. shūru (of s.m.). cp. תּוֹרָא. Gk. tauros, L. taurus, Old Slavic turŭ (= bull), Lithuanian tawras (= aurochs), etc. are Sem. loan words. See ‘Taurus’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.]

שׁוּר ᴵ wall. [Related to Aram.–Syr. שׁוּרָא (= wall). Arab. sūr (= wall) is an Aram. loan word. As for the etymology of שׁוּר ᴵ, none of the lexicographers has made an attempt to find it. According to my opinion Aram.–Syr. שׁוּרָא is borrowed from Heb. שׁוּר ᴵ and the latter derives from שׁור ᴵ (= to look, behold, regard). As for the sense development of the noun שׁוּר (= wall), cp. חוֹמָה (= wall), which derives from חמה (= to protect), whence also Aram. חֲמָא, חֲמִי (= he saw, observed), New Syr. חמא (= he protected). cp. also L. tuērī (= to look at, regard, consider, to preserve, guard, defend), intuērī (= to look at, regard, consider). See חמה and חוֹמָה and cp. שׁוּרָא.]

שׁוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. (insidious) watcher, lier-in-wait (occurring only Ps. 92:12 in the form שׁוּרָי). [From שׁור ᴵ.]

שַׁוָּר m.n. PBH 1 jumper, leaper. NH 2 tightrope dancer. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׁוֵּר, Pi. of שׁור ᴵᴵ, according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. שַׁבָּר.] Derivative: שַׁוָּרוּת.

שׁוּרָא m.n. PBH wall. [See שׁוּר ᴵ.]

שׂוֹרָה f.n. a kind of grain (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 28:25). [Of uncertain origin.]

שׁוּרָה f.n. row, line (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 24:11). [Of uncertain origin. Aram. שׁוּרְתָא (= row, line), is prob. borrowed from Heb. Arab. sūra (= chapter of the Koran, sura), is prob. also a Heb. loan word. cp. שָׁרָה ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שׁור ᴵᴵᴵ, שׁוּרוֹן.

שׁוּרוֹן m.n. NH underlines, guide lines. [Formed from שׁוּרָה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שׁוּרוּק, שׁוּרֻק m.n. MH ‘Shuruq’ — Heb. vowel sign וּ, pronounced u. [Derived from שׁרק (= to hiss), and lit. meaning ‘the hissing sound’. (cp. the vowel name חִירִיק, which prob. means lit.: ‘the gnashing sound’).] Derivative: שָׁרוּק.

שַׁוָּרוּת f.n. NH tight-rope dancing. [Formed from שַׁוָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׂוֹרֵק, שׂוֹרֵקָה m.n. resp. f.n. choice vine. [From שׂרק ᴵᴵ (= to be red). cp. Ugar. shrqm (= grapes). For the ending of שׂוֹרֵקָה see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שׂרֵק ᴵᴵ. cp. also סָרָק.]

שׁוֹרְקָנִי adj. NH hissing, sibilant, stridulous. [Formed from שׁוֹרֵק, act. part. of שָׁרַק (see שׁרק), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁוֹרֵר ᴵ m.n. insidious watcher, enemy, foe. [Related to TA shāru (= spiteful, hostile), Akka. shāru (= slander).]

שׁוֹרֵר ᴵᴵ Pol. of שׁיר.

שׂוּשׂ see שִׂישׂ.

שׁוּשׁ m.n. PBH licorice; Glycyrrhiza (a genus of plants). [Related to Arab. sūs (of s.m.).]

שׁוֹשְׁבִין m.n. PBH 1 bridegroom’s friend, groomsman. NH 2 second (in duel). [Related to Aram.–Syr. שׁוֹשֽׁבִינָא, Akka. susap(b)inu (of s.m.). Arab. shabīn (of s.m.) was shortened from Syr. שׁוֹשְׁבִינָא through haplology.] Derivative: שׁוֹשְׁבִינוּת.

שׁוֹשְׁבִינוּת f.n. PBH 1 wedding gifts. NH 2 groomsmanship. [Formed from שׁוֹשֽׁבִין with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁוֹשָׁט m.n. PBH table companion. [Borrowed from Gk. syssitos (= messmate), which is formed from sy (= with, together with), and sitos (= wheat, corn, grain, meal, food), which is of uncertain origin.]

שׁוֹשֶֽׁלֶת f.n. PBH dynasty. [From Aram. שׁוּשֶׁלְתָּא, Syr. שִׁישַׁלְתָּא (= chain; dynasty), properly ‘chain of a family’. See שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת.]

שׁוֹשָׁן, שׁוּשָׁן m.n. lily. [Some scholars identify שׁוֹשָׁן with the lotus, others with the ranunculus Asiaticus, still others with the cyperus papyrus. [Related to Aram. שׁוּשַׁנֽתָּא (whence Ugar. ṯwṯ, Arab. sausan, VArab. sūsan), Akka. sheshanu (= lily), Syr. shishno (= butomus flowers). Several scholars derive these words from Egypt. sshshn and sshn, Coptic shōshen (= big flower; lotus). According to others the above words go back to Akka. shushu (= six-sided), shishshu (= sixth). Gk. souson, whence L. Susanna, are Sem. loan words.] Derivatives: שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, שׁוֹשַׁנִּי, שׁוֹשֶׁנֶת.

שׁוֹשַׁנָּה f.n. (pl. שׁוֹשַׁנּוֹת, also שׁוֹשַׁנִּים) 1 lily. PBH 2 flower. PBH 3 knot of a nail. NH 4 erysipelas (disease). NH 5 rose. [A collateral form of שׁוֹשָׁן.]

שׁוֹשַׁנִּי adj. NH lilylike. [Formed from שׁוֹשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁוֹשֶֽׁנֶת f.n. NH rosette. [Formed from שׁוֹשָׁן (= rose), with subst. suff. ◌ֶת.]

שׁוּתָא f.n. PBH talk. [JAram. שׁוּתָא, formed through elision from שׁוּעֲתָא, which derives from שְׁעָא (= he spoke, talked). cp. Syr. שְׁעָתָא (= play, game). For similar elisions cp. מָסוּתָא (= bath) and words there referred to.]

שׁוֹתְקָנוּת f.n. NH taciturnity. [Formed from שׁוֹתֵק, act. part. of שָׁתַק (see שׁתק), with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

שׁוֹתְקָנִי adj. NH taciturn. [Formed from שׁוֹתֵק, act. part. of שָׁתַק (see שׁתק), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁזב to save, rescue. [BAram. שֵׁיזִב, שֵׁיזְיב, JAram. שֵׁיזֵב, Nab. שׁ(י)זב, Syr. שׁוֹזֵב (= he saved, rescued). All these words are borrowed from Akka. shūzubu, ushēzib, part. mushēzib (= ‘to save, rescue’, prob. ‘to leave over’), Shaph. of ezēbu (= to leave over, leave), which is related to Heb. עָזַב. See עזב ᴵ.]

שָזוּף adj. PBH sunburnt, brown, tanned. [Pass. part. of שָׁזַף. See שׁזף.] Derivative: שְׁזִיפוּת.

שִׁזּוּף m.n. NH being sunburnt, browning, tanning. [Verbal n. of שִׁזֵּף, Pi. of שׁזף.]

שָׁזוּר adj. PBH interwoven, intertwined. [Pass. part. of שָׁזַר. See שׁזר.]

שִׁזּוּר m.n. NH interweaving, intertwining. [Verbal n. of שִׁזֵּר, Pi. of שׁזר.]

שָׁזִיף m.n. PBH 1 jujube. Zizyphus vulgaris (botany). NH 2 plum. [Of foreign origin. The word שָׁזִיף was borrowed by the Greeks, in whose language it became zizyphon, whence Late L. zizyphus (= jujube tree). The word jujube itself is a loan word from Fren. jujube, which is ult. borrowed from Gk. zizyphon. According to folk etymology the word שָׁזִיף was regarded as a derivative of the base שׁזף (= to blacken, become sunburnt), and used in the sense of ‘plum’, in allusion to the blackish color of the plum. cp. שֵׁיזָף.] Derivative: שְׁזִיפִי.

שְׁזִיפָה f.n. MH sunburning, browning, tanning. [Verbal n. of שָׁזַף. See שׁזף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁזִיפוּת f.n. NH being sunburned, being browned, being tanned. [Formed from שָׁזוּף with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֽׁזִיפִי adj. NH plumlike. [Formed from שָׁזִיף with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁזִיר m.n. NH twist. [From שׁזר.]

שְׁזִירָה f.n. MH interweaving, intertwining. [Verbal n. of שָׁזַר. See שׁזר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שׁזף to catch sight of, look on; to blacken, brown, tarnish; to become sunburnt.
    — Qal - שָׁזַף 1 he caught sight of, looked on (in the Bible occurring only Job 20:9; 28:7); 2 it parched, scorched, tanned.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁזַף MH 1 became visible; NH 2 became parched, became sunburned, became tanned.
    — Pi. - שִׁזֵּף it parched, scorched, tanned (said of the sun).
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתַּזֵּף became sunburned, became tanned. [For sense development cp. Arab. lāḥa (= came in sight, became visible; it parched, scorched, tanned — said of the sun). Related to שׁדף.] Derivatives: שֶׁזֶף, שֹׁזֶף, שִׁזָּפוֹן, שִׁזֹּפֶת, שָׁזוּף, שִׁזּוּף, הִשָּׁזְּפוּת, הִשְׁתַּזְּפוּת, מִשְׁזָף.

שֶֽׁזֶף m.n. NH 1 catching sight of, looking at. NH 2 sunburn, tan. [From שׁזף.]

שֹֽׁזֶף m.n. NH sunburn, tan. [From שׁזף.]

שִׁזָּפוֹן m.n. NH 1 sunburn, tan. 2 blight (of plants). [Formed from שִׁזֵּף, Pi. of שׁזף, with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

שִׁזֹּֽפֶת f.n. NH sunburn, tan. [Formed from שִׁזֵּף, Pi. of שׁזף, with suff. ◌ֶת.]

שׁזר to interweave, intertwine, twist.
    — Qal - שָׁזַר MH 1 he interwove, intertwined; NH 2 he interwove, interlaced (fig.).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁזַר MH 1 was interwoven, was intertwined; NH 2 was interwoven, was interlaced (fig.).
    — Pi. - שִׁזֵּר 1 he interwove, intertwined; 2 he interwove, interlaced (fig.).
    — Pu. - שֻׁזַּר 1 was interwoven, was intertwined; 2 was interwoven, was interlaced (fig.).
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּזֵּר (of s.m.).
    — Hoph. - הָשֽׁזַר (of s.m.) (occurring also in the Bible, but only in the form of the part. מָשְׁזָר). [JAram. שְׁזַר, Arab. shazara (= he twisted the thread from the left). The sh in Arabic (instead of an s, which regularly corresponds to Heb. sh) is due to dissimilation. cp. Heb. שָׁחַז (= Arab. shaḥadha). See שׁחז.] Derivatives: שַׁזָּר, שֶׁזֶר, שִׁזּוּר, שְׁזִיר, שִׁזְרָה, שְׁזִירָה, הִשְׁתַּזְּרוּת, מִשְׁזָר, מָשְׁזָר, מִשְׁזָרָה, תִּשְׁזֹרֶת.

שַׁזָּר m.n. NH cord maker. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׁזֵּר, Pi. of שׁזר, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שֶֽׁזֶר m.n. MH 1 interweaving, intertwining. NH 2 interweaving, interlacing (fig.). [From שׁזר.]

שִׁזְרָה f.n. PBH spinal column, backbone. [Formed from שָׁזַר (see שׁזר) with first suff. ◌ָה. Aram. שִׁדְרָא (of s.m.) (whence Heb. שִׁדְרָה) represents a later Aram. variant of this word.]

שִׁזְרֽוּעַ m.n. NH reseeding. [Verbal n. of שִׁזֽרַע. See שׁזרע.]

שׁזרע to reseed.
    — Shaph. - שִׁזְרַע he reseeded.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁזְרַע was reseeded. [Shaph. of זרע (= to sow).] Derivative: שִׁזְרוּעַ.

שֵֽׂחַ m.n. meditation; talk (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Amos 4:13 in the form שֵׂחוֹ). [From שׂיח.]

שָׂח Qal perf. of שׂיח (q.v.).

שַׁח ᴵ adj. bent, bowed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 22:29 in the phrase שַׁח־עֵינַיִם, ‘with downcast eyes’). [From שׁחה.] Derivative: שַׁחוּת.

שַׁח ᴵᴵ m.n. FW the shah (King of Iran). [Pers. shāh (= king), from shaya– (= king), which is related to shayathiya- (= power), from IE base * qpē(i)-, *qp(i)- (= to rule). cp. the first element in אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפָּן and in שַׁחְמָט.]

שׁחד to bribe.
    — Qal - שָׁחַד he presented with, bribed.
    — Pi. - שִׁחֵד he bribed.
    — Pu. - שֻׁדַח was bribed.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּחֵד he took bribes.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁחִיד he bribed. [Aram.-Syr. שְׁחַד (= he gave a gift; he bribed). Arab. shakada (= he gave), shakkada (= he gave a gift), are Aram. loan words. In consideration of the fact that Akka. shuḫuzu (= to give) is Shaph. of aḫāzu (= to seize), which is equivalent to Aram. אֲחַד, Syr. אֱחַד (= he seized), it is possible that Heb. שׁחד is properly borrowed from Aram. as the Shaph‘el form of אֲחַד.] Derivatives: שֹׁחַד, שִׁחוּד, שָׁחִיד, מְשֻׁחָד.

שֹֽׁחַד m.n. bribery, bribe. [Denominated from שׁחד. Arab. shukd (= gift), is borrowed from Heb. שֹׁחַד. cp. שׁוּדָא.]

שׂחה to swim.
    — Qal - שָׂחָה he swam.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂחָה made to swim. [Aram. סְחִי, Syr. סְחָא (= he bathed himself). Prob. related to Akka. shaḫīu (= to wallow in the mire), whence shaḫū (= swine). cp. מָסוּתָא.] Derivatives: שָׂחוּ, שְׂחִי, שְׂחִיָּה, שַׂחְיָן, שַׂיָּח, מִשְׂחֶה. cp. סִחוּי.

שׁחה to bow down, bend low.
    — Qal - שָׁחָה he bowed down, bent low.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁחָה MH 1 he caused to bow down; 2 he depressed.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּחֲוָה he bowed down, bent low, prostrated himself. [Prob. related to Akka. shiḫū (= to bow down). A secondary form of שׁוח, שׁחח.] Derivatives: שָׁחוּי, שְׁחוּת, שְׁחִי, שְׁחִיָּה, הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָה, הִשְׁתַּחֲוָאָה.

שָֽׂחוּ m.n. swimming (occurring only Ezek. 47:5 in the phrase מֵי־שָׂחוּ, deep waters, i.e. ‘waters in which one can swim’). [According to some scholars a derivative of שׂחה.]

שִׁחוּד m.n. NH bribing, bribery. [Verbal n. of שִׁחֵד, Pi. of שׁחד.]

שָׁחוּז ᴵ adj. MH 1 sharpened, whetted. NH 2 sharp. [Pass. part. of שָׁחַז See שׁחז.]

שָׁחוּז ᴵᴵ adj. PBH (used only in the f. שֽׁחוּזָה) generally rendered by ‘exposed’, i.e. ‘able to be tupped by a ram’ — said of an ewe. [From שָׁחַז. See שׁחז ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁחְוֹחַ adv. bowed down, bent down. [Inf. contraction of שַׁח, Qal of שׁחח.]

שָׁחוּֽחַ adj. NH bent down, downcast. [Pass. part. of שַׁח, Qal of שׁחח. cp. שָׁחוֹחַ.]

שָׁחוֹֽחַ adj. NH bowed down, bent. [A secondary form of שָׁחוּחַ.]

שָׂחוּט adj. MH squeezed, pressed. [Pass. part. of שָׂחַט. See שׂחט and cp. סָחוּט.]

שָׁחוּט ᴵ adj. slaughtered. [Pass. part. of שָׁחַט. See שׁחט ᴵ.]

שָׁחוּט ᴵᴵ adj. 1 sharpened. 2 hammered, beaten. [Pass. part. of שָׁחַט. See שׁחט ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁחוּי adj. MH bowed, bent. [Pass. part. of שָׁהָח. See שׁחה.]

שָׁחוּל ᴵ adj. PBH threaded. [Pass. part. of שָׁחַל. See שׁחל ᴵ.]

שָׁחוּל ᴵᴵ adj. PBH put out of joint, dislocated. [Pass. part. of שָׁחַל, hence derivatively identical with שָׁחוּל ᴵ.]

שָׁחוּם ᴵ adj. see שָׁחֹם.

שָׁחוּם ᴵᴵ adj. NH granitelike. [Denominated from שַׁחַם.]

שִׁחוּם m.n. NH browning. [From שׁחם.]

שְׁחוֹם m.n. NH the brown color. [From שׁחם.]

שָׁחוּן adj. PBH very warm and dry. [Pass. part. of שׁחן. cp. שְׁחִין.] Derivative: שְׁחִינוּת.

שָׁחוּף adj. PBH 1 with crushed testicles. NH 2 consumptive. [From שַׁחֶפֶת.]

שָׁחוּץ adj. PBH haughty, arrogant. [Pass. part. of שָׁחַץ. See שׁחץ.] Derivative: שְׁחִיצוּת.

שְׂחוֹק m.n. 1 laughter, laughing. 2 mockery, derision. 3 sport. [From שׂחק.]

שָׁחוּק adj. PBH 1 powdered, ground, crushed. 2 worn, ragged. [Pass. part. of שָׁחַק. See שׁחק.]

שָׁחוֹר see שָׁחֹר.

שְׁחוֹר ᴵ m.n. blackness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 4:8). [From שׁחר (= to be black).]

שְׁחוֹר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH razor. [Of uncertain origin.]

שִׁחוּר ᴵ m.n. PBH charcoal. [From שָׁחֹר.]

שִׁחוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. NH requesting, inquiring after. [Verbal n. of שִׁחֵר, Pi. of שׁחר ᴵᴵ.]

שַׁחֲוָר m.n. PBH prince, ruler, officer. [Together with Syr. שַׁחַר (= he ruled, dominated), of Persian origin, whence also Arab. saḫḫara (= he subjected, made subservient, reigned over, ruled). For another, more probable, version of the noun and the proverb, see שָׁחֵן.]

שְׁחוֹרִי adj. MH melancholic, melancholy (adj.). [Formed from שָׁחֹר (= black), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁחוּת f.n. pit, ditch (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 28:10). [From שׁחה.]

שַׁחוּת f.n. MH humility. [Formed from שַׁח with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׁחוּת m.n. MH spoiling. [Verbal n. of שִׁחֵת, Pi. of שׁחת.]

שׁחז ᴵ to sharpen, whet, grind.
    — Qal - שָׁחַז he sharpened, whetted, ground.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁחַז was sharpened, was whetted, was ground.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁחִיז he sharpened, whetted.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁחַז was sharpened, was whetted.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּחֵז became sharp. [JAram. שְׁחַז, שְׁחֵיז (= he sharpened, whetted, ground), Arab. shaḥadha (of s.m.). The sh in Arabic is due to dissimilation of the s (because of the dh). cp. Heb. שָׁזַר (= Arab. shazara); see שׁזר.] Derivatives: שָׁחוּז ᴵ, שְׁחִיזָה, הַשְׁחָזָה, מַשְׁחֵז, מִשְׁחַז, מַשְׁחֵזָה, מִשְׁתָזָה, מַשְׁחֶזֶת.

שׁחז ᴵᴵ to be exposed. [Base of שָׁחוּז ᴵᴵ. Related to Arab. shaḥaza (= he knew carnally, lay with a woman).] Derivative: שָׁחוּז ᴵᴵ.

שִׁחְזוּר m.n. NH reconstruction, restoration. [Verbal n. of שִׁחְזֵר. See שׁחזר.]

שׁחזר to reconstruct, restore.
    — Shiph. - שִׁחְזֵר he reconstructed, restored.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁחְזַר was reconstructed, was restored.
    — Hish. - הִשְׁתַּחְזֵר became reconstructed, became restored. [Shiph. of חזר.] Derivatives: שִׁחְזוּר, הִשְׁתַּחְזְרוּת, מְשֻׁחְזָר.

שׁחח NH) a secondary form of שׁוח and שׁחה.
    — Qal - שַׁח (also שָׁחַח PBH) 1 he bowed down, crouched; 2 was bowed down, was humbled.
    — Niph. - נָשַׁח (נִשֽׁחַח in was bowed down, was brought low, was humiliated.
    — Hiph. - הֵשַׁח (הִשֽׁחִיחַ in 1 he lay low, prostrated; 2 he bowed down.
    — Hoph. - הוּשַׁח was laid low, was prostrated.
    — Hithpol. - הִשְׁתּוֹחַח 1 was cast down, was despairing; NH 2 was depressed. [cpTA ishtaḫaḫin, ushḫiḫin (= I bow down).] Derivatives: שַׁח ᴵ, שְׁחוֹחַ, שָׁחוּחַ, שָׁחוֹחַ, שֽׁחִיחָה, הִשְׁתּוֹחֲחוּת.

שַׂחֲחָן m.n. NH talker, conversationalist. [Formed from שׂוֹחֵחַ, part. of שׂוח.]

שׂחט to squeeze, press out.
    — Qal - שָׂחַט he squeezed, pressed out (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 40:11).
    — Niph. - נִשֽׂחַט was squeezed, was pressed out. [Aram. סְחַט (= he squeezed, pressed out), Akka. ṣaḫātu or ṣaḫāṭu (= to squeeze out, cause to press). cp. סחט.] Derivatives: שָׂחוּט, שְׂחִיטָה.

שׁחט ᴵ to slaughter, to kill.
    — Qal - שָׁחַט 1 he slaughtered (according to ritual); 2 he killed, murdered.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁחַט 1 was slaughtered; NH 2 was killed, was murdered.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁחִיט he caused to slaughter. [JAram. שִׁחַט (= he slaughtered), Ugar. shḫt (= slaughterer), Akka. shaḫātu (with h!) (= to flay, take off a dress). Arab. saḫaṭa (= he slaughtered), is prob. an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: שׁוֹחֵט, שָׁחוּט ᴵ, שְׁחִיטָה, מִשֽׁחָטָה.

שׁחט ᴵᴵ base of שָׁחוּט ᴵᴵ. [The origmeaning of this base is prob ‘to pierce, wound’, whence Syr. שַׁחֵט (= he harmed, marred; he violated a virgin), שׁוּחָטָא (= oppression, rape), Akka. shuḫḫuṭu (= wounded).]

שַׁחֲטָה f.n. a hapax legomenon of uncertain meaning, occurring Hos. 5:2. [According to the most probable explanation שַׁחֲטָה is a collateral form of שַׁחֲתָה (= corruption), from שִׁחֵת (= he destroyed, corrupted); see שׁחת. For a similar interchangeability of ט and ת cp. the verbs חָטַף and חָתַף, which both mean ‘he seized, snatched away’. For the ending of שַׁחֲטָה see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׂחִי m.n. PBH swimming. [From שׂחה. cp. שְׂחִיָּה.]

שְׁחִי ᴵ m.n. PBH armpit. [Related to JAram. שִׁתֽיָא (of s.m.).] Derivative: שֶׁחֽיִי.

שְׁחִי ᴵᴵ m.n. MH bending. [Shortened form of שְׁחִיָּה.]

שָׁחִיד adj. NH bribable, corruptible, venal. [Coined from שָׁחַד (= he bribed), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

שְׂחִיָּה f.n. MH swimming. [Verbal n. of שָׂחָה. See שׂחה and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שְׂחִי.]

שְׁחִיָּה f.n. MH bending. [Verbal n. of שָׁחָה. See שׁחה and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. שְׁחִי ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁחִיזָה f.n. MH sharpening, whetting. [Verbal n. of שָׁחַז. See שׁחז and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁחִיחָה f.n. NH bending. [Verbal n. of שָׁחַח. See שׁחח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׂחִיטָה f.n. MH squeezing, pressing out. [Verbal n. of שָׂחַט. See שׂחט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁחִיטָה f.n. 1 ritual slaughtering. NH 2 massacre. [Verbal n. of שָׁחַט. See שׁחט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שֶׁחְיִי adj. NH axillar. [Formed from שְׁחִי ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁחִיל adj. NH threadable. [Coined from שָׁחַל (= he threaded; see שׁחל ᴵ), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

שְׁחִילָה f.n. NH threading. [Verbal n. of שָׁחַל. See שׁחל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁחִימוּת f.n. NH being brown, the color brown. [Formed from שָׁחֹם with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׂחְיָן m.n. NH swimmer. [Formed from שָׂחָה (see שׂחה) on the analogy of Aram. שָׂחְיָנָא, Syr. סַחְיָנָא (= swimmer). See שׂחה and agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שַׂחְיָנוּת.

שְׁחִין m.n. boils, eruption. [From שׁחן, whence also Aram. שִׁיחְנָא, Syr. שׁוּחְנָא (= abscess, ulcer).]

שַׂחְיָנוּת f.n. NH swimming. [Formed from שַׂחֽיָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁחִינוּת f.n. NH being very warm. [Formed from שָׁחוּן (= very warm), with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁחִיס m.n. aftergrowth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 37:30). [A metathesized form of סָחִישׁ (q.v.).]

שָׂחִיף m.n. thin board (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 41:16 in the phrase שְׂחִיף־עֵץ, which is usually rendered by ‘a thin board, wainscot’). [Of uncertain origin; possibly related to Arab. ṣaḥīfa (= tablet; page).]

שָׁחִיץ adj. MH haughty, boastful, arrogant. [From שָׁחַץ. See שׁחץ.]

שְׁחִיצָה f.n. MH haughtiness, boastfulness, arrogance. [Properly verbal n. of שָׁחַץ. See שׁחץ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁחִיצוּת f.n. NH haughtiness, boastfulness, arrogance. [Formed from שָׁחוּץ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁחִיק adj. PBH crushed, ground, pounded- (used in the phrase שְׁחִיק עֲצָמוֹת, ‘May his bones — i.e. Emperor Hadrian’s — be pounded!’). [JAram., pass. part. of שְׁחַק (= Heb. שָׁחַק; see שׁחק), hence corresponding to Heb. שָׁחוּק (q.v.).]

שְׂחִיקָה f.n. PBH laughing, laughter. [Verbal n. of שָׂחַק. See שׂחק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁחִיקָה f.n. PBH 1 crushing, grinding, pounding. 2 erosion, abrasion. [Verbal n. of שָׁחַק. See שׁחק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁחִית f.n. PBH pit. [A secondary form of שַׁחַת ᴵ, שׁוּחָה.]

שְׁחִיתָה f.n. PBH spoiling. [Verbal n. of שָׁחַת. See שׁחת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁחִיתוּת f.n. MH 1 distress, oppression. NH 2 corruption, demoralization, immorality. [Formed from שָׁחַת (see שׁחת) with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַֽׁחַל m.n. lion (poet). [Of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: שׁחל ᴵᴵᴵ, perhaps also שַׁחֲלַיִם and שְׁחֵלֶת.

שׁחל ᴵ to thread, pass through a hole, to pull out, pull through, to put out of joint.
    — Qal - שָׁחַל 1 he threaded, passed through a hole; 2 he pulled out; 3 he put out of joint (see שָׁחוּל ᴵ and שָׁחוּל ᴵᴵ).
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁחַל was threaded, was passed through a hole.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁחִיל 1 he threaded, passed through a hole, pulled through, pulled out; 2 he threw back.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׁחַל MH 1 was threaded, was passed through a hole, was pulled through, was pulled out; NH 2 was thrown back.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּחֵל 1 was passed through a hole; 2 was passed through. [JAram.–Syr. שְׁחַל (= it dripped, dropped, trickled; ran down), Syr. שָׁחֽלָא (= strain, filter), Arab. saḥala (= the cloud poured down water), saḥīl (= rain). Arab. mishḫal (= strain, filter), is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: שָׁחִיל, שְׁחִילָה, שְׁחֹלֶת, הַשֽׁחָלָה, הִשְׁתַּחֲלוּת, מִשְׁחָל, מֻשֽׁחָל, מִשְׁחֹלֶת.

שׁחל ᴵᴵ to add onycha.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁחִיל he added onycha. [Denominated from שְׁחֵלֶת.]

שׁחל ᴵᴵᴵ to roar.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁחִיל he roared like a lion. [Denominated from שַׁחַל.]

שַׁחְלָב NH see סַחְלָב.

שַׁחֲלָה f.n. NH ovary. [From JAram. שַׁחֲלָא, which is of uncertain origin.]

שַׁחֲלַֽיִם m.n. PBH Lepidium (botany). [Related to Akka. shaḫullatu, prob. also sḫilu, Aram. תַּחְלֵי (= garden cress), Arab. saḥala (= husks of wheat), and to שְׁחֵלֶת (q.v.).]

שַׁחְלִיפִין m.n. pl. re-exchange. [From שׁחלף.]

שׁחלף to re-exchange.
    — Shiph. - שִׁחְלֵף he re-exchanged. [Shiph. of חלף ᴵ.] Derivative: שַׁחְלִיפִין.]

שְׁחֵֽלֶת onycha. [Related to Ugar. shḥlt, Akka. shaḫullatu (= onycha) and to שַׁחֲלַיִם. The origin of these words is uncertain, they perhaps mean lit.: ‘lion’s herb’, and are related to שַׁחַל (= lion).] Derivative: שׁחל ᴵᴵ.

שְׁחּֽלֶת f.n. PBH metal shavings. [Formed from שׁחל ᴵ (= to pull out), with suff. ◌ֶת.]

שַֽׁחַם m.n. NH granite. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to שָׁחֹם (= brown) and so called in allusion to its color.] Derivative: שָׁחוּם ᴵᴵ.

שָׁחֹם adj. MH dark brown. [Related to JAram. שְׁחִים, שֽׁחִימָא, Syr. שְׁחָמָא (= dusky, swarthy), which is related to Arab. ’asḥam (= black), saḥam, suḥma, suḥām (= blackness, black color).] Derivatives: שׁחם, שַׁחֲמוּמִי, שַׁחֲמוּת, שְׁחַמֽחַם, שְׁחַמֽתִּי, שֽׁחַמֽתָּנִי, שַׁחְמָנִי. cp. the first element in שְׁחַמֽחוּם.

שׁחם to be dark brown.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁחִים 1 he painted dark brown; 2 became dark brown. [Denominated from שָׁחֹם. cp. Syr. שֽׁחֵם (= became dusky, swarthy or black).] Derivatives: הַשְׁחָמָה, שַׁחֶמֶת.

שַׁחֲמוּמִי adj. NH slightly brown. [Dimin. formed from שָׁחֹם through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שַׁחֲמוּמִיּוּת.

שַׁחֲמוּמִיּוּת f.n. NH a slightly brown color. [Formed from שַׁחֲמוּמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁחֲמוּת f.n. NH brown color. [Formed from שָׁחֹם with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁחַמְחוּם adj. NH brownish. [Compounded of שָׁחֹם (= dark brown), and חוּם (= brown).]

שְׁחַמְחַם adj. NH slightly dark brown. [Dimin. formed from שָׁחֹם through the reduplication of the second and third radical.]

שַׁחְמָט m.n. FW chess. [From Arab.-Pers. shāh māt (= the king is dead). Pers. shāh (= king), derives from Old Pers. shaya- (= king), Arab. māta (= he died), is related to Heb. מֵת (of s.m.; see מות). The orig. ת (in Arab. māta) was changed to ט at the suggestion of H.N. Bialik (1873–1934) to avoid the use of the word ‘killed’ in chess terms. cp. מַט.] Derivatives: שַׁחֽמָטָאוּת, שַׁחֽמָטַאי, שַׁחְמָטִי.

שַׁחְמָטָאוּת f.n. NH chess playing. [Formed from שַׁחֽמָט with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁחְמָטַאי f.n. NH chess player. [Formed from שַׁחְמָט with suff. ◌ַאי.]

שַׁחְמָטִי adj. NH chess (adj.). [Formed from שַׁחְמָט with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁחְמָנִי, שַׁחְמָנִית adj. NH brunet, resp. brunette. [Formed from שָׁחֹם with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שַׁחֶֽמֶת f.n. NH cirrhosis (disease). [Coined from שָׁחֹם (= dark brown), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שְׁחַמְתִּי adj. NH brownish. [Formed from שָׁחֹם with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁחַמְתָּנִי adj. NH brownish. [Formed from שָׁחֹם with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁחן to be hot, be parched.
    — Qal (occurs only in the pass. part. - שָׁחוּן ; q.v.).
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁחִין PBH 1 tr. v. he heated; NH 2 became or was hot. [Aram.–Syr. שֽׁחֵן (= became or was hot), Aram. שָׁחֵן, Syr. שַׁחִין (= warm, hot), Ugar. shḫn (= to burn), Arab. saḫuna (= was hot, was inflamed), saḫna, siḫnah (= feverish, heat), Akka. shaḫānu (= to be hot). Base of שְׁחִין.] Derivatives: שַׁחַן, מֽשֻׁחָן. cp. שָׁחֵן.]

שַֽׁחַן m.n. MH boils. [A secondary form of שֽׁחִין.]

שָׁחֵן adj. PBH hot, warm. [Aram., pres. part. of שְׁחֵן; see שׁחן.]

שִׁחֲנָא m.n. PBH load. [Of uncertain origin.]

שַֽׁחַף ᴵ m.n. seagull, tern, Laridae (a family of birds). [Of uncertain etymology. Based on the rendering of the Septuagint laros and the Vulgate laras.]

שׁחף to waste, be reduced in flesh.
    — Qal - שָׁחַף MH 1 he wasted the body; 2 he wasted, was reduced in flesh.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁחַף he contracted consumption, was wasted (by consumption).
    — Pi. - שִׁחֵף he wasted (the body).
    — Pu. - שֻׁחַף was wasted (by consumption). [Denominated from שַׁחֶפֶת.] Derivatives: שָׁחוּף, מְשֻׁחָף.

שַׁחֲפִית f.n. NH skimmer, tern; Sterna (a genus of birds). [Formed from שַׁחַף ᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

שַׁחֲפָן m.n. NH tuberculous, consumptive, suffering from tuberculosis. [Formed from שַׁחֶפֶת with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שַׁחֲפָנוּת.

שַׁחֲפָנוּת f.n. NH tuberculosis, consumption. [Formed from שַׁחֲפָן with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

שַׁחֲפָנִי adj. NH tuberculous, consumptive. [Formed from שַׁחֶפֶת with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שַׁחֶֽפֶת f.n. 1 wasting disease, consumption. NH 2 tuberculosis. [Related to JAram. שַׁחַפְתָּא, שַׁחְפּוּתָא, Arab. suḥāf (= consumption). cp. Arab. saḥafa (= he pared, peeled off; he affected with consumption of the lungs). These words are possibly related to Aram.-Syr. סְחַף (= he threw down, cast down, overturned), Akka. saḫāpu (= to throw down, overwhelm); see סחף. For the form of שַׁחֶפֶת see אַרֶּמֶת.] Derivatives: שַׁחַפְתִּי, שַׁחֲפָן, שַׁחֲפָנִי.

שַׁחַפְתִּי adj. NH tuberculous. [Formed from שַׁחֶפֶת with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁחץ to act proudly.
    — Qal - שָׁחַץ he was haughty, boasted.
    — Pi. - שִׁחֵץ (of s.m.).
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּחֵץ (of s.m.). [J Aram. שְׁחִיץ (= was proud), שַׁחְצָא (= the lion; properly ‘the proud animal’), Arab. shaḫaṣa (= he rose, was elevated), Ethiop. sheḥeṣa (of s.m.).] Derivatives: שַׁחַץ, שֶׁחָץ, שַׁחֲצוּת, שַׁחֲצָן, שָׁחוּץ, שִׁחוּץ, שָׁחִיץ, שְׁחִיצָה, הִשְׁתַּחֲצוּת.

שַֽׁחַץ m.n. 1 pride, haughtiness. PBH 2 epithet of a lion. NH 3 epithet of an eagle. [From שׁחץ.] Derivatives: שַׁחֲצָה, שַׁחֲצוּת, שַׁחֲצִית.

שֶׁחָץ adj. PBH haughty, boastful. [From שׁחץ.]

שַׁחֲצָה f.n. NH pride, haughtiness. [A secondary form of שַׁחַץ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁחֲצוּת f.n. NH haughtiness, boastfulness, conceit. [Formed from שָׁחַץ (see שׁחץ) with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁחֲצִית f.n. PBH haughtiness, boastfulness. [A secondary form of שַׁחַץ. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.]

שַׁחֲצָן adj. & m.n. haughty, boastful, arrogant, conceited. Derivatives: שׁחצן, שַׁחֲצָנוּת, שַׁהֲצָנִי.

שׁחצן to act boastfully, be arrogant.
    — Pi. - שִׁחֽצֵן he acted haughtily, boastfully or arrogantly. [Denominated from שַׁחֲצָן.]

שַׁהֲצָנוּת f.n. MH haughtiness, boastfulness, arrogance, conceitedness. [Formed from שַׁחֲצָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁחֲצָנִי adj. NH haughty, boastful, arrogant, conceited. [Formed from שַׁחֲצָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׂחק to laugh.
    — Qal - שָׂחַק 1 he laughed; 2 he sported; 3 he jested; 4 he played.
    — Pi. - שִׂחֵק 1 he made sport; 2 he jested; 3 he played music, sang, danced; PBH 4 he mocked, scorned, derided; NH 5 he played a part.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂחִיק 1 he mocked, scorned; PBH 2 tr. v. he made laugh, amused. [A secondary form of צחק (q.v.).] Derivatives: שׂוֹחֵק, שַׂחַק, שַׂחֲקָה, שַׂחֲקָן, שְׂחוֹק, שְׂחִיקָה, מִשְׂחָק, מְשַׂחֵק.

שַֽׂחַק m.n. PBH smile. [From שׂחק.]

שׁחק to rub away, beat fine; to pulverize.
    — Qal - שָׁחַק 1 he rubbed away, beat fine, pounded, pulverized; 2 he destroyed, annihilated.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁחַק was rubbed away, was beaten fine, was pounded, was pulverized.
    — Pi. - שִׁחֵק PBH 1 he rubbed away, beat fine; NH 2 he beat into powder, pulverized.
    — Pu. - שֻׁחַק 1 was rubbed away, was beaten fine, was beaten into powder, was pulverized.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּחֵק 1 was rubbed away; 2 was beaten into powder, was pulverized. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁחַק (= he broke up small, shattered, pounded), Arab. saḥaqa (= he crushed, pounded, bruised, pulverized), saḥq (= crushing, pounding, bruising, pulverization; worn garment, rag; thin clouds), possibly also Akka. shaḫāqu (= to pound, pulverize).] Derivatives: שַׁחַק ᴵ, שַׁחַק ᴵᴵ, שָׁחוּק, שִׁחוּק, שְׁחִיקָה, הִשֽׁתַּחֲקוּת, מִשְׁחָק, מֽשֻׁחָק. cp. שֽׁחִיק.

שַֽׁחַק ᴵ m.n. 1 fine dust. PBH 2 a worn-out garment. [From שׁחק.]

שַֽׁחַק ᴵᴵ m.n. (usually used in the pl. שְׁחָקִים) 1 cloud of dust. 2 clouds in general (lit.: ‘that which is fine, thin’), whence, through sense enlargement, often used in the meaning of ‘sky, heavens’. [Special sense development of שַׁחַק ᴵ.] Derivative: שַׁחֲקִי.

שַׂחֲקָה f.n. MH smile. [Formed from שׂחק with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁחֲקִי adj. NH heavenly, celestial. [Formed from שַׁחַק ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׂחֲקָן m.n. NH player, actor, artist. [Formed from שִׂחֵק, Pi. of שׂחק, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שַׂחֲקָנוּת, שַׂחֲקָנִי.

שַׂחֲקָנוּת f.n. playing, acting. [Formed from שַׂחֲקָן with suff. ◌וּת. cp. צַחֲקָנוּת.]

שַׂחֲקָנִי adj. NH actor’s; artistic. [Formed from שַׂחֲקָן with suff. ◌ִי. cp. צַחֲקָנִי.]

שׁחר ᴵ to be black.
    — Qal - שָׁחַר became or was black, grew dark, darkened (in the Bible occurring only Job 30:30).
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁחַר became black.
    — Pi. - שִׁחֵר he blackened, darkened.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּחֵר became black, blackened, darkened.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁחִיר 1 he made black, blackened, darkened; 2 became dark, darkened. [JAram. שְׁחַר, Syr. שֽׁחַר (= became or was black), Syr. שׁוּחֽרָא (= coal), Akka. shūru (= coal).] Derivatives: שָׁחֹר, שְׁחוֹר, שִׁחוּר, שִׁיחוֹר, הַשְׁחָרָה, מֻשְׁחָר, תִּשְׁחֹרֶת.

שׁחר ᴵᴵ to seek early, to search diligently.
    — Qal - שָׁחַר he sought early, sought diligently (in the Bible occurring only Pr. 11:27 in the form of the part. שִׁחֵר).
    — Pi. - שִׁחֵר 1 he sought eagerly, inquired earnestly; MH 2 he went to see, visited.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁחִיר he rose early. [Prob. derived from שַׁחַר ᴵ (= dawn), whence arose the meaning ‘to rise early in the morning; to go out early in the morning and seek’, whence ‘to turn toward’. Many other derivations of this verb have been suggested, but they are all quite improbable.] Derivatives: שׁוֹחֵר, שִׁחוּר ᴵᴵ, הַשְׁחָרָה ᴵᴵ. cp. also תִּשְׁחֹרֶת.

שַֽׁחַר ᴵ m.n. 1 dawn. 2 daybreak. 3 the blackness preceding the dawn. [Related to Moabite שׁחרת, JAram. שַׁחֲרָא, Arab. sahar, Akka. shēru, also shīrtu (= dawn).] Derivatives: שַׁחֲרִית, prob. שׁחר ᴵᴵ, מִשְׁחָר, possibly also שַׁחַר ᴵᴵᴵ.

שַׁחַר ᴵᴵ m.n. light, or hope (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 8:20). [Prob. figurative use of שַׁחַר ᴵ. cp. שַׁחַר ᴵᴵᴵ.]

שַֽׁחַר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. sense, meaning. [Of uncertain origin; possibly שַׁחַר ᴵ (= dawn, daybreak), used fig. in the sense ‘light’ (cp. שַׁחַר ᴵᴵ), whence ‘shedding light, enlightenment, elucidation’.]

שָׁחֹר, שָׁחוֹר adj. 1 black, dark. NH 2 gloomy, depressed. [From שׁחר ᴵ.] Derivatives: שְׁחוֹר, שְׁחוּר, שֽׁחוֹרִי, שַׁחֲרוּר, שַׁחֲרוּרִי, שַׁחֲרוּרִית ᴵ, שַׁחֲרוּרִית ᴵᴵ, שַׁחֲרוּת ᴵᴵ, שְׁחַרְחַר, שֽׁחַרֽחֹר, שַׁחֲרִירוּת, שַׁחֶרֶת, prob. also שִׁיחוֹר, possibly also שַׁחֲרוּת ᴵ. cp. the first element of שְׁמַרחוֹם.

שַׁחֲרוּר m.n. NH blackbird; Turdus merula. [cp. Arab. shuḥrūr (= blackbird). From Syr. שַׁחְרוּרָא, whence also Arab. shuḥrūr (= blackbird). cp. also the English name of the bird.]

שִׁחְרוּר m.n. PBH 1 liberation, emancipation, manumission. NH 2 exemption. NH 3 release. [Verbal n. of שִׁחְרֵר. See שׁחרר.]

שַׁחֲרוּרִי adj. NH blackish. [Formed from שָׁחֹר (= black), through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁחֲרוּרִית ᴵ f.n. PBH blackness. [Formed from שָׁחֹר (= black), through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית. cp. JAram. שַׁחֲרוּרִיתָא (= blackness). cp. also שַׁחֲרוּרִית and שַׁחֲרִירוּת.]

שַׁחֲרוּרִית ᴵᴵ f.n. NH Tenebrionidae (a family of insects). [Formed from שָׁחֹר (= black), through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית. cp. שַׁחֲרוּרִית ᴵ. cp. also אַדֽמוּמִית, לַבְנוּנִית.]

שַׁחֲרוּת ᴵᴵ f.n. prime of life; dawn of youth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 11:10). [Generally connected with שַׁחַר ᴵ and accordingly rendered by ‘dawn (of life)’. Friedrich Delitzsch refers שַׁחֲרוּת ᴵ to Arab. bakr (= young camel), beside bukrah (= early morning). Barth compares שַׁחֲרוּת ᴵ with Arab. shāriḫ (= young man). Others derive this word from שׁחר ᴵ (= to be black), and see in it an allusion to the black hair. cp. שַׁחֲרוּת ᴵᴵ. cp. also תִּשְׁחֹרֶת.]

שְׁחַרְחוּם adj. NH blackish brown. [Compounded of שָׁחֹר (= black), and חוּם (= brown).]

שְׁחַרְחַר adj. NH blackish. [Dimin. formed from שָׁחֹר (= black), through reduplication of the second and third radical. cp. שְׁחַרְחֹר.] Derivative: שֽׁחַרֽחָרוּת.

שְׁחַרְחֹר adj. blackish (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 1:6). [Dimin. formed from שָׁחֹר (= black). cp. שְׁחַרֽחַר.] Derivative: שׁחרחר.

שׁחרחר to become black.
    — Pi. - שְׁחַרְחַר became black. [Denominated from שְׁחַרְחֹר.]

שְׁחַרְחָרוּת f.n. MH blackishness. [Formed from שֽׁחַרְחַר, adj., with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁחֹרִי see שְׁחוֹרִי.

שַׁחֲרִירוּת f.n. MH blackishness. [A secondary form of שַׁחֲרוּרִית.]

שַׁחֲרִית f.n. PBH 1 morning, morning time. 2 ‘Shaharith’ — morning prayer (short for תּֽפִלַּת־שַׁחֲרִית). [Formed from שַׁחַר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

שׁחרר to liberate, set free, emancipate; to exempt; to release.
    — Shiph. - שִׁחְרֵר PBH 1 he liberated, set free, emancipated; NH 2 he exempted; NH 3 he released.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁחְרַר PBH 1 was liberated, was set free, was emancipated; NH 2 was exempted; NH 3 was released.
    — Hish. - הִשְׁתַּחְרֵר PBH 1 was liberated, was set free, was emancipated; NH 2 he liberated himself, set himself free. [Shiph‘el of חרר ᴵᴵᴵ (= to become or be free).] Derivatives: שִׁחֽרוּר, הִשֽׁתַּחֽרֽרוּת, מְשֻׁחֽרָר.

שַׁחֶֽרֶת f.n. NH melanosis (disease). [Coined from שָׁחֹר (= black), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַרֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שׁחת to be laid waste, be ruined.
    — Pi. - שִׁחֵת 1 he spoiled, destroyed, ruined; 2 he corrupted, perverted; 3 he dealt corruptly.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁחַת 1 was laid waste, was destroyed; 2 was marred, was spoiled; 3 was corrupted.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁחִית 1 he spoiled, marred; 2 he ruined, destroyed; 3 he corrupted (morally).
    — Hoph. - הָשְׁחַת was spoiled, was ruined. [Phoen. שׁחת, TA shaḫātu (= to fall — said esp. of a city), OAram. שׁחת (= to destroy), JAram. שֽׁחַת (= he spoiled, mutilated, destroyed), Syr. שחת (= he harmed, marred, abused), Ethiop. seḥēta (= he injured), saḥata (= he extirpated), prob. also Akka. shētu (= to flee, escape).] Derivatives: שַׁחַת ᴵᴵ, שֽׁחוּת, שִׁחוּת, שְׁחִית, שֽׁחִיתָה, שַׁחֲתָן, הַשֽׁחָתָה, מַשְׁחֵת, מָשְׁחָת ᴵ, מָשְׁחָת ᴵᴵ, מַשְׁחֶתֶת.

שַֽׁחַת ᴵ f.n. (pl. שְׁחָתוֹת, also שְׁחָתִים) 1 pit. 2 (fig.) grave. [Derived from שׁוח (= to bow down, bend), to which it stands as נַחַת (q.v.) stands to נוח ᴵ. cp. the collateral forms שׁוּחָה, שִׁיחָה.]

שַֽׁחַת ᴵᴵ f.n. destruction, ruin, corruption. [From שִׁחֵת, Pi. of שַׁחַת.]

שַֽׁחַת ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH green fodder. [Of uncertain origin.]

שַׁחֲתָן m.n. NH destroyer; wicked person. [Formed from שִׁחֵת, Pi. of שׁחת, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שֵׂט m.n. deviator, apostate (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 5:2 in the pl. and prob. meaning ‘deviators’ or ‘deviations’). [Prob. derived from שׂוט (= to turn aside, swerve). cp. סֵטים.]

שַׁטְגַּב m.n. NH Notonectidae (a family of insects that habitually swim back downward and therefore are called ‘back swimmers’. [Compounded of שָׁט (= swimming, swimmer), part. of שׁוּט (see שׁוט ᴵ) and גַּב (= back). Accordingly Heb. שַׁטְגַּב is a loan translation of the scientific name Notonectidae, which is compounded of Gk. netos also neton (= the back), and nektes (= swimmer).]

שׂטה to turn aside, to go astray.
    — Qal - שָׂטָה 1 he turned aside, went astray; 2 he became, or was, unfaithful (said of a wife).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂטָה he caused to turn aside. [Aram.–Syr. סְטָא, Ethiop. sataya (= he turned aside, he went astray). A second form of base שׂוט. cp. סטה. cp. also Arab. shātiyy (= bank of a river), which is related to shatt (= side).]

שִׁטָּה f.n. acacia. [Formed from שִׁנְטָה, which is prob. borrowed from Egypt. shnṣt, Late Egypt. shonte, whence also Akka. samṭu, Arab. sanṭ (= acacia).]

שׁטה to be mad.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁטָה he went crazy.
    — Pi. - שִׁטָּה he laughed at, derided, mocked at, sneered at, ridiculed, made fun of.
    — Pu. - שֻׁטָּה was laughed at, was derided, was mocked at, was sneered at, was ridiculed, was made fun of.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתַּטָּה PBH 1 he went crazy, went mad; NH 2 he behaved like a fool.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁטָה he laughed at, derided, mocked at, sneered at, ridiculed, made fun of. [JAram.–Syr. שְׁטָא (= he went wrong, played the fool, was out of his wits), Arab. saṭā (= he assailed, attacked).] Derivatives: שׁוֹטֶה, שִׁטּוּי, שְׁטוּת, שַׁטְיוּת, שַׁטְיָן, הַשְׁטָאָה, הַשֽׁטָיָה, הִשְׁתַּטּוּת. cp. שָׁטְיָא.

שָׁטֽוּהַ adj. PBH 1 stretched out, extended. 2 flattened, flat. [Pass. part. of שָׁטַח. See שׁטח.] Derivative: שְׁטִיחוּת.

שִׁטּֽוּחַ m.n. MH 1 stretching oneself. NH 2 stretching out, extending. NH 3 making superficial. [Verbal n. of שִׁטַּח, Pi. of שׁטח.]

שִׁטּוּט m.n. NH wandering, roving about, rambling. [Formed from שׁוט ᴵ. cp. שַׁטָּט, שׁוֹטֽטוּת.]

שִׁטּוּי m.n. NH mocking, derision, sneering. [Verbal n. of שִׁטָּה, Pi. of שׁטה.]

שָׂטוּם adj. NH hated. [Pass. part. of שָׂטַם. See שׂטם.]

שָׁטוּף adj. MH 1 flooded. PBH 2 (fig.) addicted to, absorbed in, ardently desirous. [Pass. part. of שָׁטַף. See שׁטף.] Derivative: שֽׁטִיפוּת.

שִׁטּוּף m.n. MH flooding, washing, rinsing. [Verbal n. of שִׁטֵּף, Pi. of שׁטף.]

שִׁטּוּר m.n. NH policing. [Formed from שׁוֹטֵר (q.v.).]

שְׁטוּת f.n. PBH 1 folly, madness, lunacy. 2 nonsense. [Formed from שׁטה with suff. ◌וּת. cp. JAram. שֽׁטוּתָא.] Derivative: שְׁטוּתִי.

שְׁטוּתִי adj. NH foolish. [Formed from שֽׁטוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁטח to stretch out, spread, spread out, spread, extend, expand.
    — Qal - שָׁטַח he spread out, spread, extended.
    — Pi. - שִׁטַּח 1 he stretched out (his hands); NH 2 he flattened; NH 3 he expatiated upon, enlarged upon; NH 4 he dealt superficially with.
    — Pu. - שֻׁטַּח MH 1 was spread out, was spread; NH 2 was flattened; MH 3 was laid before, was presented to; NH 4 was made superficial.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתַּטַּח MH 1 he stretched himself; NH 2 became flattened.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁטִיחַ he stretched out, spread out, spread.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁטַח was stretched out, was spread out, was spread. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁטַח (= he stretched out, spread out, laid out), Arab. saṭaḥa, Ethiop. saṭḥa (= he spread out, spread, flattened).] Derivatives: שָׁטוּחַ, שׁטּוּחַ, שְׁטִיחָה, שַׁטְחָן, הַשְׁטָחָה, הִשְׁתַּטְּחוּת, מִשְׁטוֹחַ, מִשְׁטָח, מַשְׁטֵחַ, מִשְׁטָח, מְשֻׁטָח. cp. שֶׁטַח.

שֶֽׁטַח m.n. MH 1 surface. NH 2 area. NH 3 zone. [Loan translation of Arab. satḥ (= surface).] Derivatives: שִׁטְחָה, שִׁטְחִי, שִׁטְחוֹן, שַׁטְחָן.

שִׁטְחָה f.n. NH facet. [Formed from שֶׁטַח with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁטְחוֹן m.n. NH areola. [Formed from שֶׁטַח with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

שִׁטְחִי adj. PBH 1 superficial. NH 2 (fig.) superficial, shallow. [Formed from שֶׁטַח with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁטֽחִיּוּת.

שִׁטְחִיּוּת f.n. MH 1 superficiality. NH 2 (fig.) shallowness. [Formed from שִׁטֽחִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁטְחָן m.n. NH a shallow person. [Formed from שָׁטַח (see שׁטח) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שַׁטָּט m.n. NH rover, rambler. [Formed from שׁוט ᴵ. cp. שִׁטּוּט.]

שָׁטְיָא adj. PBH foolish. [Aram., from שֽׁטָא (= he went wrong, played the fool, was out of his wits). See שׁטה and cp. שַׁטְיָה.] Derivatives: שַׁטֽיָה, שַׁטְיוּת.

שַׁטְיָה f.n. NH a fool (f.). [Formed on the analogy of שָׁטֽיָא.] Derivative: שַׁטֽיָן.

שַׁטְיוּת f.n. NH 1 idiotism. 2 folly, stupidity. [Formed from שָׁטֽיָא, resp. שַׁטְיָה, with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁטִֽיחַ m.n. 1 spread, mat. NH 2 rug, carpet. [Formed on the analogy of JAram. שֽׁטִיחָא, from שָׁטַח (see שׁטח).] Derivative: שְׁטִיחוֹן.

שְׁטִיחָה f.n. MH 1 spreading out, spreading. NH 2 stretching out (of the hand). [Verbal n. of שָׁטַח. See שׁטח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁטִיחוֹן m.n. NH a small rug, a small carpet. [Formed from שָׁטִיחַ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

שְׁטִיחוּת f.n. NH 1 flatness. 2 (fig.) superficiality. [Formed from שָׁטוּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁטִיטָה f.n. MH roving, rambling. [Formed from שׁוט ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁטְיָן adj. & m.n. NH 1 foolish. 2 fool. [Formed from שַׁטֽיָה with suff. ◌ָן.]

שְׁטִיפָה f.n. PBH 1 rinsing, washing. MH 2 flooding, flushing. MH 3 addiction, ardent desire. [Verbal n. of שָׁטַף. See שׁטף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁטִיפוּת f.n. MH addiction, ardent desire. [Formed from שָׁטוּף with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁטִירָה f.n. MH establishment of a régime. [From base שׁטר, orig. meaning ‘to write’, whence also מִשְׁטָר (= rule, authority), שׁוֹטֵר (= officer), שֽׁטָר (= document).]

שׂטם to hate, bear a grudge to, cherish animosity to.
    — Qal - שָׂטַם he hated, bore a grudge to, cherished animosity to.
    — Niph. - נִשְׂטַם was hated.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂטִים he caused to hate. [Aram. שְׂטַם. A collateral form of שׂטן.] Derivatives: שֶׂטֶם, שִׂטֽמָה, שֽׂטִימָה, שָׂטוּם, מַשְׂטֵמָה.

שֶֽׂטֶם m.n. MH hatred. [From שׂטם.]

שִׂטְמָה f.n. PBH hatred. [Formed from שׂטם with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׂטָן m.n. 1 Satan. 2 adversary. 3 accuser. [Prob. derived from שׁוּט (= to go about, go to and fro, rove). JAram. שָׂטָנָא, סָטָנָא, Syr. סָטָנָא (= adversary; Satan), Arab. shayṭān, and Ethiop. shayṭān (= Satan; devil) are Heb. loan words.] Derivatives: שׂטן, שֽׂטָנִי.

שׂטן to be or act as an adversary; to accuse; to hate.
    — Qal - שָׂטַן he was, or acted as an adversary, he hated.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׂטִין he accused. [Denominated from שָׂטָן, Aram.–Syr. סְטַן (= he acted like Satan, he acted like an adversary), Arab. shayṭana (= he acted like Satan, acted like a devil), are denominated from Aram.–Syr. סָטָנָא, resp. Arab. shayṭān. cp. the secondary form שׂטם.] Derivatives: שׂוֹטֵן, הַשְׂטָנָה, מַשֽׂטִין. cp. שִׂטְנָא.

שִׂטְנָא m.n. PBH Aram. (= Heb. שָׂטָן).

שִׂטְנָה f.n. accusation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ez. 4:6). [Formed from שָׂטַן (see שׂטן) with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׂטָנִי adj. NH Satanic, diabolical, devilish. [Formed from שָׂטָן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שְׂטָנִיּוּת.

שְׂטָנִיּוּת f.n. NH diabolism, devil(t)ry. [Formed from שְׂטָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׁטְעוּן m.n. NH transshipment, reloading. [Verbal n. of שִׁטְעֵן. See שׁטען.]

שׁטען to reload, transship.
    — Shiph. - שִׁטְעֵן he transshipped, reloaded.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁטֽעַן was transshipped, was reloaded. [Shiph‘el of טען ᴵ.] Derivative: שִׁטְעוּן.

שׁטף to overflow, inundate, to rinse, wash off.
    — Qal - שָׁטַף 1 it overflowed, inundated; 2 he rinsed off, was washed off, cleansed by washing; 3 it flowed with strength; 4 it swept away as with a flood; PBH 5 he was addicted to.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁטַף 1 was rinsed; 2 was swept away, was completely defeated; PBH 3 he became addicted.
    — Pi. - שִׁטֵּף it flushed, flooded.
    — Pu. (or Qal pass.) . - שֻׁטַּף 1 was rinsed; MH 2 was flooded, was swept away.
    — Nith. - נִשֽׁתַּטֵּף PBH 1 he rinsed himself, washed himself; NH 2 was flooded, was swept away.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁטִיף PBH 1 he flooded, washed away; NH 2 he caused (e.g. his horse) to run at full speed.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁטַף PBH 1 was swept away by the flood; PBH 2 was flooded, was covered by water; MH 3 it was overflowed. [JAram. שְׁטַף (= it overflowed, he rinsed, washed off), Arab. saṭafa (= it overflowed), Akka. shaṭāpu (= to overflow), Egypt. shtf (= to carefully decant in preparing medicine). All these verbs are possibly Shaph‘el forms of base נטף or טפף (= to drop).] Derivatives: שֶׁטֶף, שִׁטָּפוֹן, שַׁטֽפָן, שָׁטוּף, שְׁטִיפָה, שִׁטּוּף, שׁוֹטֵף, הִשְׁתַּטְּפוּת, מַשְׁטֵף, מִשְׁטָף, תַּשְׁטִיף. cp. שִׁטֽפָּא.

שֶֽׁטֶף, שֵׁטֶף m.n. 1 flood, flow, stream. 2 torrent. 3 quickness, speed. MH 4 fluency, routine. [From שׁטף. cp. שִׁטֽפָּא. cp. also שֶׁצֶף.]

שִׁטְפָּא m.n. PBH flood, fluency. [Aram., emphatic case, corresponding to Heb. הַשֶּׁטֶף. See שֶׁטֶף.]

שִׁטָּפוֹן m.n. MH (pl. שִׁטֽפוֹנוֹת) flood, inundation, deluge. [Formed from שׁטף (= to flood), with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns. cp. שִׁצָּפוֹן.]

שַׁטְפָן m.n. NH galloping horse. [Formed from שׁטף with suff. ◌ָן.]

שַׁטְצַד m.n. NH Gammarius (a genus of crustaceans). [Compounded of שָׁט (= he swam; see שׁוט ᴵ), and צַד (= side).]

שְׁטָר m.n. PBH 1 bill, promissory note. 2 document, deed, writ, bond. [Lit.: ‘something written, writ’. Together with Aram.–Syr. שְׁטָרָא (= document, deed, promissory note, bond, bill), borrowed from Akka. shaṭāru (= document), which derives from shaṭāru (= to write). Arab. saṭara (= he wrote), is denominated from saṭr, saṭar (= line; row), which is a loan word from Aram. שְׁטָרָא. cp. שׁוֹטֵר, מִשְׁטָר, שְׁטִירָה.]

שׁטר to punish, to police.
    — Qal - שָׁטַר he punished, policed.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁטִיר he appointed officers. [Denominated from שׁוֹטֵר.]

שַׁטְרֶגֶל m.n. NH Capepoda (a genus of crustaceans). [Compounded of שָׁט (= he swam; see שׁוט ᴵ), and רֶגֶל (= foot).]

שְׁטְרוּדְל m.n. NH apple pie. [Yiddish, from Ger. Strudel (= lit.: ‘eddy, whirlpool’), cogn. with Gk. rodhos, for * srodhos (= roar of waves), from IE * sr- et-, enlargement of base * ser– (= to flow).]

שַׁי m.n. (pl. שַׁיִּים) gift, present (in the Bible occurring only Is. 18:7, Ps. 68:30, 76:12). [Of uncertain origin. In spite of the Arabic sh perhaps related to shä’a (= he wanted, he wished), shay (= something; orig.: ‘a thing desired’).]

שַׁ״י contraction meaning 310 (in שַׁ״י עוֹלָמוֹת, ‘a whole world’; lit.: ‘310 worlds’). [The letter שׁ has the numerical value of 300, י that of 10.]

שִׂיא m.n. 1 loftiness, pride (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 20:6). NH 2 highest point, climax, record. [Aphetic for נֽשִׂיא, from נָשָׂא. cp. שִׂיאָה and שִׂיאוֹן.]

שִׂיאָה f.n. MH climax, record, highest point. [A secondary form of שִׂיא.]

שִׂיאוֹן m.n. NH highest point, climax, record. [Formed from שִׂיא with suff. ◌וֹן, hence lit. meaning ‘height, elevation’. The word occurs in the Bible (Deut. 4:48) as one of the names of Mount Hermon. cp. שִׂיאָן.]

שִׂיאָן m.n. NH record-holder (in sport, etc.). [Formed from שִׂיא with suff. ◌ָן.]

שׂיב to grow or be old.
    — Qal - שָׂב he grew old.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׂיב 1 he grew old; 2 he made gray, made old. [JAram. סִיב, Syr. סֵאב, Arab. shāba, Ethiop. shēba(= became white-haired, grew old), Ugar. shb, Akka. shēbu (= old man), Ugar. shbt (= gray hair).] Derivatives: שָׂב, שֵׂיב, שֵׂיבָה. cp. סָב, סָבָא, סַבֽתָּא.

שֵׂיב m.n. old age (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 14:4). [From שׂיב; a collateral form of שֵׂיבָה.]

שֵׂיבָה f.n. 1 grey hair, hoary head. 2 old age. [Formed from שֵׂיב with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Aram. שֵׂיבוּ, שֵׂיבוּת (= old age). cp. also שֵׂיב.]

שִׁיבָה f.n. PBH coming back. [Verbal n. of שׁוּב. See שׁוב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׂיג m.n. going away, moving away (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 18:27 in the phrase כִּי־שִׂיחַ וֽכִי־שִׂיג לוֹ, ‘because he is either musing or he has gone away’), whence שִׂיחַ וָשִׂיג (= dealing, meditation). [Prob. derived from שׂיג, a collateral form of שׂוג (= to move away).]

שִׂיד m.n. lime, whitewash, plaster. [Related to Aram. סִידָא, Syr. סַיֽדָא, Arab. shīd (= lime). cp. סִיד.] Derivative: שׂיד.

שׂיד to whitewash, plaster.
    — Qal - שָׂד he whitewashed, plastered (in the Bible occurring only Deut. 27:2). [cp. סיד.]

שֵׂיָה f.n. NH she-lamb. [Formed from שָׂה with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁיּוּט m.n. NH rowing; cruising. [Verbal n. of שִׁיֵּט, Pi. of שׁוט ᴵ.]

שִׁיּוּךְ m.n. NH 1 belonging. 2 attribution, ascription. [Verbal n. of שִׁיֵּךְ, Pi. of שׁיך.]

שִׁיּוּם m.n. NH naming. [Verbal n. of שִׁיֵּם, Pi. of שׁים.]

שִׁיּוּף m.n. NH filing (with an instrument). [Verbal n. of שִׁיֵּף, Pi. of שׁיף.]

שִׁיּוּר m.n. PBH remainder, remnant, residue. [Verbal n. of שִׁיַּר, Pi. of שׁיר.]

שֵׁיזָף m.n. PBH jujube, Zizyphus vulgaris (botany). [Another form for שָׁזִיף.]

שׂיח to speak, talk, converse.
    — Qal - שָׂח 1 he spoke, talked, conversed; 2 he mused, meditated.
    — Pol. - שׂוֹחַח he talked.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׂיחַ PBH 1 , he spoke, talked conversed; MH 2 tr. v. he caused to speak, caused to talk. [JAram. שׂיח and סוח (of s.m.), Arab. shaḥa (= was eager, was diligent).] Derivatives: שִׂיחַ ᴵ, שִׂיחָה, שִׂיחוֹן, שֵׂחַ, הֲשָׂחָה, שַׂיְּחָן.

שִֽׂיחַ ᴵ m.n. 1 talk. 2 musing, meditation. [From שׂיח.] Derivative: שִׂיחוֹן.

שִֽׂיחַ ᴵᴵ m.n. shrub. [Related to Syr. סִיחָא, Arab. shīḥ (= artemisia), Akka. shāḫu (= to grow, grow up — said of trees), shiḫtu (= a shoot, sprout).]

שַׂיָּח m.n. PBH swimmer. [Nomen opificis formed from שׂחה (= to swim), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שִֽׁיחַ m.n. PBH pit, ditch. [A secondary form of שׁוּחָה, שִׁיחָה, שַׁחַת ᴵ.]

שִׂיחָה f.n. 1 talk, conversation, discourse. 2 musing, meditation. [Formed from שׂיח with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁיחָה f.n. pit, ditch. [From שׁוח. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שִׁיחַ.]

שִׂיחוֹן m.n. NH conversation book. [Formed from שִׂיחַ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שִׁיחוֹר m.n. proper name, prob. name of the Eastern branch of the Nile (in some passages, esp. Is. 23:3, Jer. 2:18, ‘the Nile’). [Prob. derived from שָׁחֹר and lit. meaning ‘black water’.]

שַׂיְּחָן m.n. NH talker, conversationalist. [Formed from שׂיח (= to talk) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שִׁיחֲנָא see שִׁחֲנָא.

שַֽׁיִט m.n. rowing. [From שׁוט ᴵ. cp. מָשׁוֹט.]

שַׁיָּט m.n. PBH 1 swimmer. NH 2 rower, oarsman. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׁיֵּט, Pi. of שׁוט ᴵ (= to swim; to row), according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. JAram. שַׁיָּטָא (= swimmer).]

שִׁיטָה ᴵ f.n. (pl. שִׁיטוֹת, also שִׁיטִין) PBH 1 line, row. PBH 2 line of thought, theory, principle. PBH 3 opinion, doctrine. NH 4 method, system. Derivatives: שִׁיטָנוּת, שִׁיטָתִי.

שִׁיטָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH 1 swimming. NH 2 rowing. [Verbal n. of שׁוּט (= to swim; to row). See שׁוט ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁיטָנוּת f.n. NH methodicalness. [Formed from שִׁיטָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

שַׁיֶּֽטָת f.n. NH 1 flotilla. 2 fleet, squadrons of destroyers (warship). [Formed from שׁוט ᴵ (= to swim; to row), after the pattern פַּעֶלֶת.]

שִׁיטָתִי adj. NH methodical, systematic. [Formed from שִׁיטָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁיטָתִיּוּת.

שִׁיטָתִיּוּת f.n. NH methodicalness, systematicality. [Formed from שִׁיטָתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֵׁיךְ m.n. NH sheikh. [Arab. shaykh (= an old man, elder, chief), from shāka (= he grew old).]

שַׁיָּךְ adj. PBH 1 concerning, relating to. NH 2 belonging to. [The orig. meaning of this word is ‘attached to’. It is borrowed from JAram. שָׁיֵךְ (= cleaving to, attached to). See שָׁיֵךְ.]

שָׁיֵךְ adj. PBH bound to, connected with, related to. [JAram., of uncertain, possibly Persian, origin.] Derivatives: שַׁיָּךְ, שׁיך.

שׁיך to belong.
    — Pi. - שִׁיֵּךְ he attributed, ascribed.
    — Pu. - שֻׁיַּךְ was attributed, was ascribed.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּיֵּךְ he belonged to, appertained to. [Denominated from JAram. שָׁיֵךְ (= cleaving to, attached to).] Derivatives: שִׁיּוּךְ, הִשֽׁתַּיּֽכוּת.

שַׁיָּכוּת f.n. MH 1 relationship. 2 belonging to. [Formed from שַׁיָּךְ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׁילִינְג m.n. FW shilling. [Eng. shilling, from Med. Eng. schilling, shilling, from Old Eng. skilling, from Teutonic skilling, prob. assimilated from skildling and related to Gothic skildus (= shield), formed with – ing, a suff. used in the Teutonic languages to form nouns denoting coins.]

שׂים, שׂום to put, place, set.
    — Qal - שָׂם 1 he put, placed, set, set up; 2 he established, appointed; 3 he settled, fixed; 4 he ordained; 5 he made; 6 he turned into, transformed; 7 he made, fashioned.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׂים he put, placed.
    — Hoph. - הוּשַׂם was put, was placed. [Phoen. שם (= to put, place, set), OAram. שׂים, Aram. שׂוּם (= to put, place), Syr. סָם (= he put, placed), OSArab. שׂים (= to establish, put, place), Arab. shāma (= he inserted, sheathed; he computed), Ethiop. shēma (= he put, placed), Akka. shamu (= to fix, determine). cp. base שׁוּם. cp. also שֶׁנֶת.] Derivatives: שׂום, שׂוּם, שִׂימָה, הֲשָׂמָה, מֵשִׂים, מְשִׂימָה, תּֽשׂוּמָה.

שׁים to name.
    — Pi. - שִׁיֵּם he named.
    — Pu. - שֻׁיַּם was named. [Denominated from שֵׁם (= name).] Derivative: שִׁיּוּם.

שִׂימָה f.n. PBH putting, placing, setting, keeping an eye (on). [Verbal n. of שִׂים. See שׂים and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁימָה f.n. NH assessment, estimate. [Verbal n. of שׁוּם. See שׁום and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁימְפַּנְזֶה m.n. FW (pl. שִׁימְפַּנְזִים) chimpanzee. [Eng. chimpanzee, from a South African native word.]

שִׂין f.n. PBH (pl. שִׂינִין) ‘sin’ — the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet, a var. of שִׁין (q.v.).

שִׁין f.n. PBH (pl. שִׁינִין) ‘shin’ — the twenty-first letter of the Hebrew alphabet. [For שֵׁן (= tooth); so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter.]

שׁין to urinate. [Syr. תָּן (= he urinated), Ugar. tyn (= to urinate), Ethiop. shēna (= he urinated), Akka. shānu (= to urinate), shinātu (= urine), Arab. mathāna (= bladder).] Derivatives: שַׁיִן, שֶׁתֶן.

שַֽׁיִן, שֵׁין m.n. urine (occurs only Kin. II 18:27, Is. 36:12, in the form שֵׁינֵיהֶם). [From שׁין.]

שִׁינְטוֹ m.n. FW Shinto (Japanese religion). [Japanese Shintō, from Chinese shin tao (= the path of the gods).]

שֵׁינָן m.n. NH urea. [A collateral form of שִׁתְנָן (q.v.).]

שִׁינְשִׁילָה f.n. FW chinchilla. [Sp. chinchilla, a hybrid coined from a South American native name and the Sp. dimin. suff. - illa.]

שַׁיֶּֽנֶת f.n. urosis (disease). [A collateral form of שַׁתֶּנֶת.]

שִֽׁיעַ m.n. PBH cement. [Borrowed from Aram. שִׁיעַ, rendering of Targum Onkelos for חֹמֶר, which is related to Syr. שֽׁיָעָא (= daubing, plastering), from שׁוע (= to daub, besmear), and to Heb. שָׁעַע (= he pasted). See שׁעע ᴵ.]

שִׁיעִי adj. & m.n. NH ‘Shiite’ (one belonging to that Mohammedan sect which regards Ali as the lawful successor of Mohammed). [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from Arab. shī‘a (= company, faction, party), short for shī‘at ‘Alī (= the party of Ali). Arab. shī‘a is related to Heb. סִיעָה (= company, society, party).]

שִׁיף adj. PBH smoothed, filed, polished. [From שׁוף ᴵᴵ.]

שִׁיפָה ᴵ f.n. PBH smoothing, filing, polishing. [Verbal n. of שׁוּף. See שׁוף ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שִׁיפָה ᴵᴵ.]

שִׁיפָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH internal bark (of a tree). [Special sense development of שִׁיפָה ᴵ.]

שִׁיפוֹן m.n. PBH rye. [Together with Gk. siphonion and Arab. shūfān (= oats), of unknown origin. The attempt of Löw to derive שִׁיפוֹן from שׁוף (= to polish), is farfetched.]

שִׁיץ m.n. PBH prickly branch of a palm. [From JAram. שִׁיצָא (of s.m.).]

שִׁיק m.n. FW chic. [Fren. chic, prob. from Ger. Schick (= fitness, tact, skill), from schicken (= to arrange, set in order).]

שִׂיקְשַׂק m.n. NH Hoplopterus spinosus (ornithology). [Arab. siqsāq, a word of imitative origin.]

שׁיר ᴵ to sing.
    — Qal - שָׁר 1 he sang; NH 2 he composed poetry.
    — Pol. - שׁוֹרֵר 1 he sang; MH 2 he composed poetry.
    — Hoph. - הוּשַׁר was sung. [Ugar. shr (= to sing), Akka. sāru (= to dance, leap). JAram. שׁיר is a Heb. loan word. Haupt connects this base with Arab. shi‘r (= knowledge, poetry).] Derivatives: שָׁר, שִׁיר (n.), שַׁרְיָן, מוּשָׁר, מְשׁוֹרֵר.

שׁיר ᴵᴵ to leave over, reserve.
    — Pi. - שִׁיֵּר he left over, reserved.
    — Pu. - שֻׁיַּר was left over, was reserved.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּיֵּר was left over. [Aram. שַׁיֵּר (= he left over), Aram. שִׁיּוּרָא (= that which was left over, remainder, rest), Syr. שְׁיָרָא (of s.m.), Ugar. shyr (= a small square measure; lit.: ‘remainder’). A collateral form of שׁאר ᴵ. For the interchangeability of the letters א and י see the introductory article to the letter א.] Derivatives: שְׁיָר, שִׁיּוּר, שְׁיָרִים, שִׁיֹּרֶת, הִשְׁתַּיְּרוּת.

שִׁיר m.n. 1 song, chant, hymn. 2 poem. [From שׁיר ᴵ. However, according to several scholars שׁיר ᴵ is denominated from שִׁיר.] Derivatives: שִׁירָה, שִׁירוֹן, שִׁירִי.

שֵׁיר, שֵׁר m.n. (pl. שֵׁירִין) chain, bracelet (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 3:19 in the pl. הַשֵּׁרוֹת). [A loan word from Old Akka. sheweru, shawiru, Akka. shemiru, whence also Aram. שֵׁירָא, whence prob. Arab. siwār (= bracelet).]

שְׁיָר m.n. PBH 1 remnant, remainder, residue. 2 survivor. [From שִׁיֵּר, Pi. of שׁיר ᴵᴵ. cp. שֽׁיָרִים.]

שַׁיָּר m.n. MH wayfarer, traveler. [Back formation from שַׁיָּרָה.]

שִׁירָאִים, שִׁירָאִין m.n. PBH fine silk. [From Aram., which is a loan word from Gk. Seres, a people of Eastern Asia, identified with the Chinese, whence serikos (= silk; lit.: ‘the Seric fabric’. cp. ‘serge’, ‘sericous’ and ‘silk’ in my CEDEL.]

שִׁירָה f.n. 1 song, hymn. NH 2 poetry. NH 3 music. [Nomen unitatis formed from שִׁיר. For the ending see second suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁיָּרָה f.n. 1 caravan. NH 2 convoy, column. [Related to JAram. שֽׁיַרְתָּא, Syr. שְׁיָרְתָּא, Palm. שירתא. These words are prob. borrowed from Arab. sayyāra (= caravan), which derives from sāra (= he moved on, set out, traveled).]

שִׁירוֹב m.n. NH syrup. [From Arab. sharāb (= drink, beverage), from shariba (= he drank). cp. שׂרף ᴵᴵ and סִירוֹפּ.]

שִׁירוֹן m.n. NH songbook, collection of songs. [Formed from שִׁיר (= song), with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שִׁירִי adj. MH poetical. [Formed from שִׁיר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁירִיּוּת.

שִׁירִיּוּת f.n. NH poeticality. [Formed from שִׁירִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁיָרִים m.n. pl. (traditionally, but incorrectly, spelled שִׁירַיִם) 1 leftovers. 2 the remainders of a Rabbi’s meal (eaten eagerly by his hasidim). [pl. of שְׁיָר (q.v.).]

שִׁירַֽיִם see שְׁיָרִים.

שִׁיֹּֽרֶת f.n. MH remainder, residue. [Formed from שִׁיֵּר, Pi. of שׁיר ᴵᴵ, with suff. ◌ֶת.]

שׂישׂ, שׂושׂ to rejoice.
    — Qal - שָׂשׂ he rejoiced.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׂישׂ he caused to rejoice. [Prob. derived from an interjection denoting joy, prob. of imitative origin. cp. Arab. shā’shā’ (= an enticing call). cp. also the first element in סַסְגוֹנִי.] Derivatives: שִׂישָׂה, שָׂשׂוֹן, מָשׂוֹשׂ.

שַֽׁיִשׁ m.n. (pl. שֵׁישִׁים) white marble, alabaster (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. I 29:2). [Related to Aram.–Syr. שִׁישָׁא, Akka. shashshu, Egypt. shs (= alabaster). cp. שֵׁשׁ ᴵᴵ, a secondary form of שַׁיִשׁ.] Derivatives: שֵׁישִׁי, מְשֻׁיָּשׁ.

שִׂישָׂה f.n. PBH joy, rejoicing. [Verbal n. of שִׂישׂ. See שׂישׂ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שֵׁישִׁי adj. NH marmoreal. [Formed from שַׁיִשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁית to set, put, place, lay.
    — Qal - שָׁת 1 he set, put, placed, laid; 2 he made, established, constituted.
    — Hiph. - הֵשִׁית he set, put, placed, laid.
    — Hoph. - הוּשַׁת 1 was set, was put, was placed, was laid; MH 2 he became. [Ugar. sht (= to set, put, place, lay), Phoen[[illegible]]. שׁת (of s.m.), Syr. שִׁיּוּתָא (= quality character; state of health; beauty). Related to bases שׁתה ᴵᴵ, שׁתת ᴵᴵ, שׁתת ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שִׁיתָה, הֲשָׁתָה, שִׁית ᴵᴵ, prob. also שִׁית ᴵ.

שִׁית ᴵ m.n. garment. [Prob. derived from שִׁית (= to put, place; see שׁית) and lit. meaning ‘that which is put on’. cp. שִׁית ᴵᴵ.]

שִׁית ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 foundation. 2 in the Temple: a pit beside the altar for libations. [From שִׁית (= to put, place). See שׁית and cp. שִׁית ᴵ.]

שִׁית ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. שִׁיתִין) early fig. [Of uncertain origin.]

שַֽׁיִת m.n. thornbush (mostly occurring together with שָׁמִיר). [Of uncertain origin.]

שִׁיתָה f.n. MH a putting, placing. [Verbal n. of שִׁית (= to put, place). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שֵׂךְ m.n. (pl. שִׂכִּים) thorn, splinter (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 33:55). [Related to JAram. סִכָּא, סִכְּתָא, Syr. סֶכְתָא (= thorn), Arab. shakka (= he pierced, transfixed), shikka (= weapon), Akka. shikkatu (= peg). All these words derive from base שׂכך ᴵᴵ. According to some scholars, JAram. סִכָּא, סִכּֽתָא, Syr. סֶכְתָא are Akka. loan words. cp. Akka. shakāku (= ‘to plow’, or ‘to harrow’).]

שׂךְ m.n. booth, enclosure (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 2:6). [From שׂכך ᴵ. cp. סֹךְ.]

שׁכב to lie down, lie.
    — Qal - שָׁכַב 1 he lay down; PBH 2 he lay, was lying; 3 he rested, he lay with, cohabited.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁכַּב was lain with, was ravished (used only in the f., Is. 13:16 and Zech. 14:2).
    — Pu. - שֻׁכַּב was lain with, was ravished (occurring only Jer. 3:2, in the f.).
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁכִּיב 1 he caused to lie down; MH 2 he laid down, placed, put.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁכַּב was caused to lie down, was put into bed. [Phoen. שׁכב, Aram.–Syr. שְׁכַב (= he lay down, fell asleep, took rest; he rested from this world, died), Ugar. shkb (= to lie down, lie), Ethiop. sakaba (= to lie), prob. also Akka. sakāpu, shakābu (= to overthrow), possibly also Arab. sakaba (= he poured out). Barth connects Akka. sakāpu with base סגף (= to afflict, mortify).] Derivatives: שָׁכֶב, שֽׁכָבָה, שִׁכְבָה, שַׁכֽבָנִית, שֽׁכֹבֶת, שָׁכוּב, שָׁכִיב, אַשֽׁכָּבָה, הַשְׁכָּבָה, מִשְׁכָּב. cp. שֽׁכִיב־מֽרַע.

שֶֽׁכֶב m.n. PBH lower millstone. [From שׁכב and lit. meaning ‘(the stone that) lies (under another)’.]

שׁכבד to make heavy, become heavy.
    — Shiph. - שִׁכְבֵּד he made heavy.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁכְבַּד was made heavy.
    — Nishtaph‘el. - נִשֽׁתַּכְבֵּד became heavy. [Shiph‘el of כבד ᴵ.]

שִׁכְבָה, שְׁכָבָה f.n. 1 layer. NH 2 stratum. NH 3 class (in society). [Formed from שׁכב with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁכְבָנִית f.n. NH prostitute (vulgar). [Formed from שָׁכַב (see שׁכב) with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

שְׁכֹֽבֶת f.n. copulation. [From שׁכב.]

שׂכה to look, see. [Aram.–Syr. סְכָא (= he waited for, looked for, expected), סַכְוָאָה (= watchman), סָכוּתָא (= outlook point), Ethiop. maskōt, whence Arab. mishkā (= window). The orig. meaning of this base prob. was ‘to look longingly for someone’, whence Arab. shakā (= he sought compassion, complained). Base of מַשֽׂכִּית, prob. also of שִׂכִיָּה. cp. סכה. cp. also שֻׂכָּה.]

שֻׂכָּה f.n. barb, spear (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 40:31). [A collateral from of שֵׂךְ.]

שָׁכוּב adj. PBH lying (e.g. in a bed). [Pass. part. of שָׁכַב (= he lay down, he lay). This is an exception, because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

שָׁכְוּחַ adj. PBH forgotten. [Pass. part. of שָׁכַח. See שׁכח.]

שִׁכּֽוּחַ m.n. NH causing to forget. [Verbal n. of שִׁכַּח, Pi. of שׁכח.]

שֶׂכְוִי m.n. cock (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 38:36). [Of uncertain etymology and meaning. Usually rendered by ‘cock’, but also by ‘mind’ or ‘understanding’. In the Talmud and the Midrash שֶׂכֽוִי is also rendered mostly by תַּרֽנְגוֹל (= cock), but in some passages by בִּינָה or בִּינֽתָא (= understanding). The word שֶׂכְוִי prob. derives from base שׂכה (= to look, see), from which both meanings can be derived.]

שָׂכוּךְ adj. NH covered, laid over, screened. [Pass. part. of שָׂכַךְ. See שׂכך ᴵ and cp. סָכוּךְ.]

שִׁכּוּךְ m.n. MH appeasement, pacification. [Verbal n. of שִׁכֵּךְ, Pi. of שׁכך.]

שִׂכּוּל m.n. NH transposition. [Verbal n. of שִׂכֵּל, Pi. of שׂכל ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁכוּל adj. bereaved of one’s children (in the Bible occurring only Is. 49:21, in the f.). [Pass. part. of שָׁכַל (see שׁכל).]

שַׁכּוּל adj. bereaved (of one’s children). [From שׁכל.]

שִׁכּוּל m.n. bereavement of children (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 49:20 in the form שִׁכֻּלָֽיִךְ). [From שׁכל.]

שְׁכוֹל m.n. 1 loss of children. 2 bereavement. [From שׁכל. cp. Aram. תּוֹכִיל, Syr. תְּכָלָא, Ugar. ṯkl (= bereavement, loss of children), Arab. thakal (= state of one who has lost a relative or friend).]

שָׁכוּן adj. living, dwelling (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 8:11 in the phrase שֽׁכוּנֵי בָּאֳהָלִים, ‘they that dwelt in tents’). [Pass. part. of שָׁכַן (= he dwelled). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive participle. For similar exceptions see בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

שִׁכּוּן m.n. NH 1 housing, housing, project. NH 2 settlement, establishment. PBH 3 application (in the phrase זֶה שִׁכּוּן לְ◌, ‘this verse applies to’). [Verbal n. of שִׁכֵּן, Pi. of שׁכן.]

שְׁכוּנָה f.n. PBH 1 dwelling, apartment. PBH 2 quarter, suburb. 2 MH neighborhood, vicinity. [From שׁכן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: שֽׁכוּנָתִי.

שְׁכוּנָתִי adj. NH 1 pertaining to an apartment. 2 pertaining to a suburb. [Formed from שְׁכוּנָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׂכוּר adj. 1 hired. PBH 2 rented, leased. [Pass. part. of שָׂכַר. See שׂכר.] Derivative: שְׂכִירוּת.

שָׁכוּר adj. drunk. [From שׁכר.]

שִׁכּוֹר m.n. drunkard. [From שׁכר.]

שִׁכּוּר m.n. NH intoxication. [Verbal n. of שִׁכֵּר, Pi. of שׁכר.]

שׁכח ᴵ to forget.
    — Qal - שָׁכַח he forgot.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁכַּח was forgotten.
    — Pi. - שִׁכַּח 1 he caused to be forgotten; PBH 2 he forgot.
    — Pu. - שֻׁכַּח was made to be forgotten, was forgotten.
    — Hith. & Nith. - הִשֽׁתַּכַּח, נִשְׁתַּכַּח was forgotten.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁכִּיחַ he caused to forget.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁכַּח was forgotten. [In Aram.–Syr. שׁכח (in the form אַשְׁכַּח) means the exact opposite: ‘to find’); see שׁכח ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׁכֵחַ, שַׁכָּח, שֶׁכַח, שִׁכֽחָה, שִׁכָּחוֹן, שַׁכֽחָן, שַׁכַּחַת, שִׁכּוּחַ, שָׁכוּחַ, שְׁכִיחָה, הַשֽׁכָּחָה, הִשָּׁכְחוּת, מִשְׁכָּח, נִשֽׁכָּח.

שׁכח ᴵᴵ to find. [Aram., whence אַשְׁכַּח (= he found). See שׁכח ᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׁכִיחַ, שֽׁכִיחוּת.

שָׁכֵֽחַ adj. forgetting, forgetful (Is. 65:11, Ps. 9:18). [From שׁכח ᴵ.]

שַׁכָּח adj. NH forgetful, oblivious. [Properly ‘one who habitually forgets’. Formed from שׁכח ᴵ according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שֶֽׁכַח m.n. NH forgetfulness, oblivion. [From שׁכח ᴵ.]

שִׁכְחָה f.n. PBH 1 forgetfulness, oblivion. 2 forgotten sheaf (to be left for the poor). [Formed from שָׁכַח (see שׁכח ᴵ) with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁכָּחוֹן m.n. NH 1 forgetfulness, oblivion. 2 amnesia (psychology). [Formed from שׁכח ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. serving to form abstract nouns.]

שַׁכְחָן m.n. PBH a forgetful person. [Formed from שָׁכַח (see שׁכח ᴵ) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שַׁכֽחָנוּת.

שַׁכְחָנוּת f.n. NH forgetfulness. [Formed from שַׁכֽחָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁכַּֽחַת f.n. NH amnesia (disease). [Coined from שׁכח ᴵ (= to forget), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שָׁכִיב m.n. NH lying (e.g. in a bed or on a stretcher). [From שָׁכַב. See שׁכב and cp. Aram. שְׁכִיב (see שְׁכִיב־מְרַע).]

שְׁכִיבָה f.n. PBH lying down. [Verbal n. of שָׁכַב. See שׁכב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁכִיב־מְרַע m.n. PBH one dangerously ill, one expected to die. [JAram., lit.: ‘lying ill’. Compounded of שְׁכִיב (= lying), from שֽׁכֵב (see שׁכב ᴵ), and מֽרַע (= was sick). See מַרְעִין.]

שְׂכִיָּה f.n. a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 2:16 in the phrase שְׂכִיּוֹת הַחֶמְדָּה, which is usually rendered by ‘that which is beautiful to look upon’, or ‘delightful imagery’. [Prob. formed from שׂכה (= to look at), with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁכִֽיחַ adj. PBH found, ready to hand, common, frequent, usual. [From JAram.–Syr. שְׁכִיחַ, שְׁכִיחָא (= found, ready to hand, common, frequent, usual). See שׁכח ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: שֽׁכִיחוּת.

שְׁכִיחָה f.n. PBH forgetting. [Verbal n. of שָׁכַח. See שׁכח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁכִיחוּת f.n. frequency. [Formed from שָׁכִיחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁכִיךְ adj. NH that can be appeased, that can be quieted, that can be calmed, quiet, calm, tranquil. [Coined from שָׁכַךְ (= was calmed; see שׁכך) according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

שְׁכִיכָה f.n. PBH appeasing, quieting, calming. [Verbal n. of שָׁכַךְ. See שׁכך and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׂכִּין m. & f.n. knife (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 23:2). [Prob. borrowed from Aram.-Syr. סַכִּינָא, whence also Arab. sikkīn (= knife). Aram.-Syr. סַכִּינָא prob. derives from base שׂכך ᴵᴵ. cp. סַכִּין, the MH equivalent of שַׂכִּין.]

שְׁכִינָה f.n. PBH ‘Shekhinah’, the Divine Presence. [Properly the verbal n. of שָׁכַן (= he dwelled, abode), and lit. meaning ‘the dwelling place (of God)’. Aram. שֽׁכִינְתָּא, and Arab. sakīna (= the Divine Presence) are Heb. loan words.]

שָׂכִיר m.n. 1 hireling, hired laborer. 2 mercenary soldier. [From שׂכר.]

שְׂכִירָה f.n. MH 1 wages, pay. NH 2 hiring. [Verbal n. of שָׂכַר. See שׂכר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׂכִירוּת f.n. PBH 1 hire, lease. 2 rent. [Formed from שָׂכַר (see שׂכר) with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׂכך ᴵ to cover, lay over, screen.
    — Qal - שַׂךְ he covered, laid over, screened (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 33:22 in the form וְשַׂכֹּתִי). [A secondary form of base שׂוך. cp. סכך.] Derivatives: שֵׂךְ, שׂךְ, שָׂכוּךְ.

שׂכך ᴵᴵ to be pointed; to transfix. [Arab. shakka (= he pierced, transfixed), shikka (= weapons), Akka. sikkatu (= point; peg), JAram. סִכָּא, סִכְּתָא, Syr. סֶכְּתָא (= pin, peg, nail). According to some scholars the above Aram.-Syr. words are borrowed from Akka. sikkatu. cp. Akka. shakāku (= ‘to plow’, or ‘to harrow’). Arab. sikka (= plowshare), is prob. an Aram. loan word. Base of שֵׂךְ, שׂךְ, שֻׂכָּה, שָׂכוּךְ, שַׂכִּין. cp. סִכָּה.]

שׁכך to subside, abate, to appease, pacify.
    — Qal - שַׁךְ, שָׁכַךְ it subsided, abated, assuaged.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁכַּךְ was appeased, was pacified, calmed down.
    — Pi. - שִׁכֵּךְ he appeased, pacified, calmed.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּכֵּךְ he calmed down.
    — Pilp. (see . - שׁכשׁך ). [Arab. sakka, tasakkada (= he humbled himself).] Derivatives: שַׁכָּךְ, שֶׁכֶךְ, שְׁכָכָה, שִׁכּוּךְ, שָׁכִיךְ, שֽׁכִיכָה.

שַׁכָּךְ m.n. NH damper. [Formed from שִׁכֵּךְ, Pi. of שׁכך.]

שֶֽׁכֶךְ m.n. MH appeasing, quieting, calming. [From שׁכך. cp. שְׁכָכָה.]

שְׁכָכָה f.n. MH appeasing, quieting, calming. [Formed from שָׁכַךְ (see שׁכך) with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שֶׁכֶךְ.]

שׂכל ᴵ to be prudent, act wisely.
    — Qal - שָׂכַל was prudent.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂכִּיל 1 he looked at, observed, considered; 2 he did prudently, acted wisely; acted intelligently; 3 he prospered, had success; 4 he caused to consider, instructed, taught.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׂכַּל MH 1 was comprehended, was understood; NH 2 was done with understanding, was done prudently.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׂתַּכֵּל 1 he considered; 2 he was prudent, was wise, was intelligent. [JAram. אַשְׂכֵּל, Syr. שַׂכֵּל (= he instructed, taught), BAram. and JAram. אִשְׂתַּכַּל (= he regarded), Akka. shiklu (= clever), shiklūtu (= cleverness). cp. סכל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שֵׂכֶל, שֶׂכֶל, שִׂכֽלָה, שִׂכֽלוּת ᴵᴵ, שִׂכֽלִי, שׂכלן, שִׂכֽלָתָן, הַשֽׂכֵּל, הַשְׂכָּלָה, הִשֽׂתַּכְּלוּת, מַשֽׂכִּיל, מִשֽׂכָּל, מֻשְׂכָּל.

שׂכל ᴵᴵ to place crosswise.
    — Pi. - שִׂכֵּל he laid crosswise (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 48:14).
    — Pu. - שֻׂכַּל was laid crosswise.
    — Nith. - נִשֽׂתַּכֵּל (of s.m.). [Arab. shikal (= rope for tying together an animal’s legs), Akka. shakkilu (= turban).] Derivatives: שִׂכּוּל, מְשֻׂכָּל.

שֵֽׂכֶל, שֶֽׂכֶל m.n. 1 prudence. 2 insight. 3 understanding, intelligence. 4 cunning, craft. [From שׂכל ᴵ.]

שׁכל to be bereaved of children.
    — Qal - שָׁכֹל, שָׁכַל was bereaved of children, became childless.
    — Pi. - שִׁכֵּל he has bereaved of children, made childless.
    — Pu. - שֻׁכַּל became bereaved of children, became childless.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁכִּיל miscarried, made childless. [Aram. תְּכֵיל, תְּכוֹל, Arab. thakila (= was bereaved of children), Ugar. tkl (= to be bereaved of children).] Derivatives: שְׁכוֹל, שָׁכוּל, שַׁכּוּל, שִׁכּוּל, שִׁכָּלוֹן, מְשַׁכֵּלָה, מְשַׁכֶּלֶת.

שִׂכְלָה f.n. MH 1 prudence. 2 insight. 3 understanding, intelligence. [A secondary form of שֵׂכֶל. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁכְלוּל m.n. PBH perfection; improvement. [Verbal n. of שִׁכְלֵל. See שׁכלל.]

שִׂכְלוּן m.n. NH rationalization. [Verbal n. of שִׂכְלֵן, Pi. of שׂכלן.]

שִׁכָּלוֹן m.n. MH (pl. שִׁכֽלוֹנוֹת) bereavement, childlessness. [Formed from שׁכל with ◌וֹן, suff. serving to form abstract nouns.]

שִׂכְלוּת ᴵ f.n. folly (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 1:11). [Another spelling for סִכֽלוּת.]

שִׂכְלוּת ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH understanding, intelligence. [Formed from שֵׂכֶל with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׂכְלִי adj. MH 1 mental, intellectual, sensible. 2 intelligent, rational. [Formed from שֵׂכֶל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׂכְלִיּוּת.

שִׁכְלִי f.n. PBH a kind of a bird, prob. the thrush. [Prob. a loan word from Med. Gk. tzichla (= thrush).]

שִׂכְלִיּוּת f.n. MH rationalism. [Formed from שִׂכֽלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁכלל to improve, to perfect, to complete.
    — Shiph. - שִׁכְלֵל he completed, finished, perfected, improved.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁכֽלַל was completed, was finished, was perfected, was improved.
    — Hish. - הִשֽׁתַּכֽלֵל (of s.m.). [Shiph‘el of כלל ᴵ. Prob. borrowed from BAram. שַׁכְלֵל (= he completed), but more prob. both words are loan words from Akka. shuklulu.] Derivatives: שִׁכְלוּל, הִשֽׁתַּכֽלֽלוּת, מְשֻׁכֽלָל.

שׂכלן tr. v. NH to rationalize.
    — Pi. - שִׂכְלֵן he rationalized. [Formed from שֵׂכֶל with additional ◌ן.] Derivative: שִׂכְלוּן.

שִׂכְלָנוּת see שִׂכְלְתָנוּת.

שִׂכְלָתָן m.n. NH rationalist. [Formed from שׂכל.] Derivatives: שִׂכְלְתָנוּת, שִׂכְלְתָנִי.

שִׂכְלְתָנוּת f.n. rationalism. [Formed from שִׂכְלְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׂכְלְתָנִי adj. NH rationalistic. [Formed from שִׂכֽלְתָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁכֶם (also less correctly שֶׁכֶם) shoulder, back. [Related to Ugar. ṯkm (= neck with shoulder; upper part of a building), Ethiop. sakama (= he carried on the shoulders), OSArab. ṯkmt (= carrier).] Derivatives: שׁכם, שִׁכֽמָה, שִׁכֽמִי, שִׁכֽמִיָּה.

שׁכם to rise early.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁכִּים 1 he rose (got up) early; PBH 2 he anticipated someone. [Denominated from שֶׁכֶם (= shoulder), and orig. meaning ‘to load the back of a beast’ (which was usually done early in the morning, immediately before starting for the day’s journey), whence developed the meanings ‘to rise and do something early’, whence ‘to rise early’. For sense development cp. Aram.–Syr. טֽעֵן (= he loaded a beast, etc. in preparation for a journey), which is related to Arab. ẓa‘ana (= he journeyed, went away), Heb. צָעַן (= he wandered, migrated); see צען.] Derivatives: הַשְׁכֵּם, הַשְׁכָּמָה, מִשְׁכָּם.

שִׁכְמָה f.n. NH shoulder blade. [Formed from שְׁכֶם with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁכְמִי adj. PBH pertaining to the shoulder. [Occurs only in the PBH phrase פָּרוּשׁ שִׁכְמִי — a certain class of Pharisees, such as behave like Pharisees only for the sake of their own advantage. שִׁכְמִי in this case prob. means ‘Shekhemite’, and is an allusion to Shekhem, the son of Hamor, who circumcised himself in order to be able to take Dinah to wife.]

שִׁכְמִיָּה f.n. NH cape (garment). [Formed from שְׁכֶם with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

שׁכן to settle down, dwell, abide.
    — Qal - שָׁכַן he settled down, dwelled, abode.
    — Pi. - שִׁכֵּן 1 he caused to settle down, established; 2 he made to dwell.
    — Pu. - שֻׁכַּן was made to settle down, was established, was made to dwell.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּכֵּן MH 1 he settled in a home, built a dwelling house for himself; NH 2 it rested (upon).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁכִּין 1 he caused to dwell, caused to settle; 2 he put, placed, established.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁכַּן 1 was settled, was housed; 2 was established. [Phoen. שׁכן, BAram. שׁכן, Aram. שְׁכֵין, Syr. שְׁכֵן (= he dwelled), Ugar. shkn (= to dwell), Arab. sakana (= he rested, dwelled), Akka. shakānu (= to set, lay down, deposit, set up a dwelling; to be situated), mashkanu (= dwelling place, place; deposit), muskān (= pledge; see מַשְׁכּוֹן). All these verbs are Shaph‘el forms of כון ᴵ (= to be, be set up, be established), hence lit. mean ‘to cause to be, cause to be set up, cause to be established’.] Derivatives: שָׁכֵן, שֶׁכֶן, שָׁכוּן, שִׁכּוּן, שְׁכִינָה, הַשְׁכָּנָה, הִשְׁתַּכְּנוּת, מִשְׁכָּן, מְשֻׁכָּן, מִשְׁתַּכֵּן.

שָׁכֵן m.n. 1 dweller, inhabitant. 2 neighbor. [From שׁכן.] Derivatives: שְׁכֵנָה, שְׁכֵנוּת.

שֶֽׁכֶן m.n. dwelling, lodging, habitation. [From שׁכן.]

שְׁכֵנָה f.n. 1 dweller, inhabitant (f.). 2 neighbor (f.). [f. of שָׁכֵן.]

שִׁכְנֽוּעַ m.n. NH conviction, persuasion. [Verbal n. of שִׁכְנַע, Shiph. of כנע.]

שְׁכֵנוּת f.n. MH neighborhood, vicinity. [Formed from שָׁכֵן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁכַנְיָה adj. PBH epithet for one with long eyelashes. [From Aram. שְׁכִינָא, שִׁיכֽנָא (= eyelash), from Gk. skynion (= skin above the eyes, eyelashes), which is of unknown origin.]

שׁכנע to convince, persuade.
    — Shiph. - שִׁכְנַע he convinced, persuaded.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁכְנַע was convinced, was persuaded.
    — Hishtaph. - הִשְׁתַּכְנַע became convinced. [Shiph‘el of כנע (= to be humble); הִכְנִיעַ (= he humbled, he subdued). Prob. formed on the analogy of Eng. convince, from L. convincere, from vincere (= to conquer, vanquish).] Derivatives: שִׁכְנוּעַ, הִשְׁתַּכְנְעוּת, מְשַׁכְנֵעַ, מְשֻׁכֽנָע.

שַׁכָּף m.n. PBH 1 cobbler, shoemaker. 2 saddler. [A collateral form of אֻשְׁכָּף.]

שִׁכְפּוּל m.n. NH duplicating, stenciling, mimeographing. [Verbal n. of שׁכפל.]

שׁכפל to duplicate, stencil, mimeograph.
    — Shiph. - שִׁכְפֵּל he duplicated, stenciled, mimeographed.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁכֽפַּל was duplicated, was stenciled, was mimeographed. [Shiph‘el of כפל.] Derivatives: שַׁכְפֵּלָה, שִׁכֽפּוּל, מְשֻׁכְפָּל.

שַׁכְפֵּלָה f.n. NH duplicating machine, stenciling machine, mimeographing machine. [Formed from שׁכפּל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁכְפַּ״ץ m.n. NH 1 blast layer. 2 flack jacket. [Abbr. of שִׁכְבַּת פִּצּוּץ (= lit.: explosion layer).]

שׂכר to hire, rent.
    — Qal - שָׂכַר he hired, rented.
    — Niph. - נִשְׂכַּר 1 he hired himself out; PBH 2 he gained, profited; NH 3 he was hired.
    — Hith. - הִשְׂתַּכֵּר 1 he earned wages; PBH 2 he gained, profited; MH 3 he hired himself out.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׂכִּיר 1 he leased, let, hired out; 2 he stipulated the payment.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׂכַּר was let. [Phoen. שכר (= to hire), Ugar. shkr (= to let out on hire, let), Arab. shakara (= he rewarded, thanked), Ethiop. shekār (= hired). cp. סכר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׂכָר, שֶׂכֶר ᴵ, שָׂכוּר, שָׂכִיר, שְׂכִירָה, שׂוֹכֵר, הַשֽׂכָּרָה, הִשֽׂתַּכְּרוּת, מֻשֽׂכָּר, מַשְׂכֹּרֶת, תִּשְׂכֹּרֶת.

שָׂכָר m.n. 1 wages, hire, salary. PBH 2 reward, remuneration. [From שׂכר. Coptic shqor, shkar (= letting, letting out), are borrowed from Heb. שָׂכָר. cp. שֶׂכֶר.]

שֶֽׂכֶר ᴵ m.n. 1 payment, remuneration. NH 2 charter. [A secondary form of שָׂכָר.]

שֶֽׂכֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. dam, barrage (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 19:10). [A collateral form of סֶכֶר.]

שׁכר to get drunk.
    — Qal - שָׁכַר he got drunk, got intoxicated.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁכַּר (of s.m.).
    — Pi. - שִׁכֵּר he made (him) drunk, intoxicated (him).
    — Pu. - שֻׁכַּר was made drunk, was intoxicated.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּכֵּר became drunk, became intoxicated.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁכִּיר he made drunk, intoxicated.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁכַּר he was made drunk, was intoxicated. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁכַר (= he got or was drunk), Ugar. shkrn (= intoxication), Arab. sakira, Ethiop. sakra (= got drunk, was drunk, became intoxicated).] Derivatives: שֵׁכָר, שַׁכָּר, שָׁכֽרָה, שִׁכָּרוֹן ᴵ, שִׁכְרוּת, שַׁכְרָן, שַׁכֶּרֶת, שָׁכוּר, שִׁכּוּר, שִׁכּוֹר, הַשְׁכָּרָה, הִשְׁתַּכְּרוּת, מְשַׁכֵּר, מְשֻׁכָּר.

שֵׁכָר m.n. 1 intoxicating drink, strong drink. PBH 2 beer. [Related to JAram. שִׁכְרָא, Syr. שַׁכְרָא, Arab. sakar, Akka. shikaru (= strong drink). Septuagint sicera (whence Late L. sicera, whence Old Fren. sidre, whence Med. Eng. sidre, whence Eng. cider) derives from Heb. שֵׁכָר.]

שֶֽׁכֶר m.n. NH drunkenness, intoxication. [From שׁכר.]

שַׁכָּר m.n. MH drunkard. [Coined from שׁכר (= to get drunk), according to the pattern פַּעָל, used to form nomina opificum (the drunkard is regarded as a ‘professional’ drinker).]

שָׁכְרָה inf. of שָׁכַר, used only with the pref. לֽ◌: לְשָׁכְרָה (= to be filled with drink, be intoxicated). [See שׁכר. For other infinitives ending in ◌ָה, often used as nouns, see אַהֲבָה and words there referred to.]

שִׁכָּרוֹן ᴵ m.n. drunkenness, intoxication. [From שׁכר. cp. שִׁכָּרוֹן ᴵᴵ.]

שִׁכָּרוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH henbane, Hyoscyamus (a genus of plants). [From Aram. שַׁכְרוֹנָא (= a soporific drink) — whence also Arab. saykurān (= henbane) — derived from שְׁכַר (= he got drunk, got intoxicated). Accordingly שִׁכָּרוֹן ᴵ and שִׁכָּרוֹן ᴵᴵ are of the same origin.]

שִׁכְרוּת f.n. PBH drunkenness, intoxication. [Formed from שׁכר with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁכְרָן f.n. PBH drunkard. [Formed from שׁכר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שַׁכְרָנִי.

שַׁכְרָנִי adj. NH intoxicating, inebriating. [Formed from שַׁכְרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁכֶּֽרֶת f.n. NH dipsomania (disease). [Coined from שִׁכֵּר (= he made drunk, intoxicated), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שִׁכְשׁוּךְ m.n. PBH shaking; dabbling, rinsing. [Verbal n. of שִׁכֽשֵׁךְ. See שׁכשׁך ᴵ.]

שׁכשׁך ᴵ to shake; to dabble, rinse.
    — Pilp. - שִׁכְשֵׁךְ 1 he shook, knocked about; NH 2 he moved to and fro.
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׁתַּכְשֵׁךְ (of s.m.). [Prob. imitative of the sound of the water moved in the vessel. cp. כּשׁכּשׁ.] Derivative: שִׁכֽשׁוּךְ.

שׁכשׁך ᴵᴵ to appease, pacify, calm.
    — Pilp. - שִׁכְשֵׁךְ he appeased, pacified. [Pilp. of שׁכך. For other Pilp. verbs formed from ע״ע verbs see בזבז and words there referred to.]

שִׁכְתּוּב m.n. NH rewriting. [Verbal n. of שִׁכְתֵּב. See שׁכתב.]

שׁכתב to rewrite.
    — Shiph. - שִׁכְתֵּב he rewrote.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁכְתַּב was rewritten. [Shiph‘el of כּתב.] Derivative: שִׁכְתּוּב.

שַׁל m.n. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 6:7). [Of uncertain origin and meaning; usually derived from שׁלה ᴵ and accordingly rendered by ‘error’, ‘offence’, or ‘crime’.]

שֶׁל prep. that which is (or belongs) to. [In the Bible and in ancient manuscripts occurring only as a pref. forming part of the following noun, as in מִטָּתוֹ שֶׁלִּשִׁלֹמֹה (Cant. 3:7) (= the bed of Solomon), רִבּוֹנוֹ שֶׁלָּעוֹלָם (= God). In later manuscripts and in print, the pref. was separated from the noun thus becoming a preposition with the meaning: 1 ‘belonging to, of’, hence serving as the mark of the genitive (e.g. שֶׁל הַבַּיִת, ‘of the house’), and corresponding to It. di, Sp. and Fren. de, Eng. of, etc.; 2 ‘made of, consisting of’ (e.g. שֶׁל זָהָב, ‘made of gold, of gold’). Through the addition of the pron. suffix שֶׁל becomes the possessive pronoun, hence שֶׁלִּי (= my, mine), שֶׁלְּךָ (= thy, thine, your, yours), sing. שֶׁלּוֹ (= his), שֶׁלָּה (= her, hers), שֶׁלָּנוּ (= our or ours), שֶׁלָּכֶם (= your or yours — m. pl.), שֶׁלָּכֶן (= your or yours — f. pl.). To add special emphasis to the suff. it is added to the noun and to the following poss. pron. as in כַּרֽמי שֶׁלִּי (Cant. 1:6; 8:12), ‘my vineyard’; lit.: ‘my vineyard which is mine’); בּֽשֶׁל אֲשֶׁר (Eccles. 8:17), ‘because though’; בּֽשֶׁלִּי (Jon. 1:12) ‘for my sake’; בְּשֶׁלֽמִי (Jon. 1:7), ‘for whose sake?’ [Compounded of the relative pron. שֶׁ◌ (= who, which, that, what), and the prep. לְ◌. For the formation and sense development of שֶׁל cp. Aram. and Syr. דִּיל◌, which is formed exactly like שֶׁל (דִּי = שֶׁ◌). All the meanings of שֶׁל and דִּיל◌ are traceable to the orig. meaning of these particles, i.e. ‘that which is (or belongs) to’.]

שַׁלְאֲנָן adj. at ease, secure, tranquil (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 21:23). [A secondary form of שַׁאֲנָן ᴵ.]

שׁלב to bind, join.
    — Qal - שָׁלַב he joined, combined, attached.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלַב was joined, was combined, was attached.
    — Pi. - שִׁלֵּב MH 1 he joined, combined, attached; NH 2 he interlaced, interlocked, inserted.
    — Pu. - שֻׁלַּב 1 was joined, was combined, was attached; 2 was interlocked, was interlaced, was inserted.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּלֵּב 1 was joined together, became combined, became attached; 2 became interlaced, became interlocked, became inserted.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁלִיב he joined, combined, attached.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁלַב was joined, combined, was attached. [Prob. denominated from שָׁלָב (= rung, crossbar). However, Haupt sees in PBH שְׁלַבִּים and JAram. שְׁלִיבַיָּא loan words from Akka. shulbū (= device for shutting a door), which is Shaph‘el from labū (= to shut, lock).] Derivatives: שָׁלוּב, שִׁלּוּב, שְׁלוֹבִית, הִשְׁתַּלְּבוּת, מַשְׁלֵב, מִשְׁלָב, מְשֻׁלָּב, מִשְׁלֶבֶת, תִּשְׁלֹבֶת.

שָׁלָב m.n. 1 joint. PBH 2 rung (of a ladder). [See שׁלב.]

שַׁלְבּוּק m.n. PBH blister, bladder. [From Aram. שַׁלְבּוּקָא, שַׁלְפּוּקָא, which are prob. related to שַׁלְפּוּחִית (q.v.).] Derivatives: שׁלבק, שַׁלְבֶּקֶת.

שׁלבק to raise blisters, to pustulate.
    — Pi. - שִׁלֽבֵּק he raised blisters.
    — Pu. - שֻׁלֽבַּק was pustulated. [Denominated from שַׁלֽבּוּק.]

שַׁלְבֶּֽקֶת f.n. NH herpes (disease). [From שַׁלְבּוּק. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

שֶֽׁלֶג m.n. snow. [Related to BAram. תּֽלַג, Aram. and Syr. תַּלֽגָּא, Modern Aram. thelka, Arab. thalj, Akka. shalgu (= snow).] Derivatives: שׁלג, שִׁלְגּוֹן, שַׁלֽגִּיָּה, שִׁלְגִּיָּה, שַׁלֽגִּית, שְׁלוּגִית. cp. תּֽלַג.

שׁלג to snow.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁלִיג 1 he covered with snow; 2 it snowed.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׁלַג was covered with snow.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלַג became snow-white. [Denominated from שֶׁלֶג.] Derivatives: שָׁלוּג, הַשְׁלָגָה, אַשְׁלָג, מֻשְׁלָג.

שִׁלְגּוֹן m.n. MH 1 avalanche. NH 2 ice-cream bar. [Formed from שֶׁלֶג with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שַׁלְגִּיָּה f.n. NH snowdrop; Galanthus (a genus of plants). [Formed from שֶׁלֶג with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

שִׁלְגִּיָּה f.n. NH Snow White. [Formed from שֶׁלֶג with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

שַׁלְגִּית f.n. NH sledge. [Formed from שֶׁלֶג with suff. ◌ִית.]

שֶֽׁלֶד m. & f.n. PBH (pl. שֽׁלָדִים, also שֽׁלָדוֹת) skeleton. [Syr. שֽׁלַדָּא (= skeleton), from Akka. shalamtu (properly meaning ‘the whole’ corpse), from shalamu (= to be complete), which is related to Heb. שָׁלַם (= was complete); see שׁלם ᴵ. Gk. skeleton (= skeleton) is a Syr. loan word. The explanation of Gk. skeleton as used elliptically for skeleton soma (= dried up body), as if skeleton were the neuter verbal adj. of skellein (= to dry up), is folk etymology. cp. ‘skeleton’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: שִׁלֽדָּה, שִׁלְדִּי.

שַׁלְדָּג m.n. NH kingfisher. [Coined by H.N. Bialik (1873–1934) as the abbreviation of שׁוֹלֶה דָּגִים, ‘(the bird) that draws out fishes’, from שׁוֹלֶה, part. of שָׁלָה (= he drew out), and דָּג (= fish).]

שִׁלְדָּה f.n. NH framework. [Formed from שֶׁלֶד with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁלְדִּי adj. NH skeletal. [Formed from שֶׁלֶד with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁלה ᴵ to be quiet, be at ease.
    — Qal - שָׁלָה was quiet, was tranquil, was at ease.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלָה was negligent, was careless.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁלָה he led to false hopes, deceived, misled.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁלָה was led to false hopes, was deceived, was misled. [BAram. שְׁלֵה (= was at ease), Aram. שֽׁלָא, שְׁלִי (= was at ease, was tranquil, was careless, was thoughtless; erred, forgot; went astray), שָׁלוּ (= error), Syr. שְׁלָא (= was quiet, was tranquil; ceased), Arab. salā (= forgot, was forgetful, was neglectful, was content, was free). cp. שׁלו, a secondary base of שׁלה ᴵ. cp. also שָׁלוֹם, שׁלם ᴵ.] Derivatives: שְׁלִי, הַשְׁלָיָה, אַשְׁלָיָה. cp. שַׁל.

שׁלה ᴵᴵ to draw out.
    — Qal - שָׁלָה he drew out (from water).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלָה was drawn out.
    — Pi. - שִׁלָּה he drew out. [Prob. borrowed from Aram. שֽׁלָא, שְׁלִי (= he drew out). Base of שִׁלְיָה (= afterbirth). Related to base שׁלל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׁלוּי, שִׁלּוּי, שְׁלִיָּה, מַשְׁלִית. cp. the first element in שַׁלְדָּג. cp. also שִׁלְהֵי.

שׁלהב to inflame.
    — Shiph. - שִׁלְהֵב PBH 1 he inflamed, kindled; NH 2 he heated; NH 3 (fig.) he aroused, excited, inspired.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁלְהַב PBH 1 was inflamed, was kindled; NH 2 was heated; NH 3 (fig.) was aroused, was excited, was inspired.
    — Hish. - הִשְׁתַּלְהֵב 1 was inflamed, was kindled; 2 (fig.) was aroused, was excited, was inspired. [Denominated from שַׁלֽהֶבֶת.] Derivatives: שִׁלְהוּב, הִשְׁתַּלֽהֲבוּת, מְשֻׁלֽהָב.

שַׁלְהָבָה f.n. NH flame, blaze. [A secondary form of שַׁלְהֶבֶת.]

שַׁלְהָבִית f.n. NH Phlomis (a genus of plants). [From שַׁלְהֶבֶת (= flame); so called from the yellow color of its flowers.]

שַׁלְהֶֽבֶת f.n. flame, blaze. [Prob. a Shaph‘el formation from להב (= to flame), based on Aram.-Syr. שַׁלְהֵב (= to kindle), whence שַׁלֽהוֹבִיתָא (= a burning coal). According to Barth, שַׁלְהֶבֶת is related to Arab. shihāb (= flame).] Derivatives: שַׁלֽהָבָה, שַׁלְהָבִית, שַׁלְהֹבֶת.

שַׁלְהֹֽבֶת f.n. PBH flame, blaze. [A secondary form of שַׁלְהֶבֶת.]

שַׁלְהֶבֶתְיָה f.n. a mighty flame (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 8:6). [Properly שַׁלְהֶבֶת יָה (= flame of the Lord). For sense development cp. מַאֽפֵּלֽיָה and מֶרְחַבְיָה.]

שִׁלְהוּב m.n. NH setting ablaze, inflammation, kindling. [Verbal n. of שִׁלְהֵב. See שׁלהב.]

שִׁלְהֵי f.n. pl. end. [Aram., lit.: ‘going away, leaving’, from שְׁלָא, שֽׁלִי (= he drew out). See שׁלה ᴵᴵ.]

שׁלו to be quiet, be tranquil, be at ease.
    — Qal - שָׁלַו was quiet, was at ease (in the Bible occurring only Job 3:26 in the form שָׁלַוְתִּי).
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁלַו MH[[illegible]] he lived in tranquility, lived carefree.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁלִיו he made (him) live in tranquility; 2 NH he became quiet, became at ease, became tranquil. [A secondary form of שׁלה ᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׁלֵו, שְׁלֵיו, שֶׁלֶו, שַׁלְוָה.

שָׁלֵו adj. & n. 1 quiet, at ease, tranquil, restful, carefree. 2 (n.) ease, quietness, tranquility, occurring in the sense Job 20:20 in the phrase לֹא יָדַע שָׁלֵו (= he knew no quietness). [From שׁלו. cp. שֽׁלֵיו.]

שֶֽׁלֶו m.n. quiet, tranquility, ease; security (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 30:7 in the form שַׁלֽוִי). [From שׁלו.]

שְׂלָו f.n. (pl. שַׂלְוִים) quail. [Related to Syr. סַלֽוַי, Arab. salwa(y) (= quail). According to some scholars these words are connected with Arab. istalat (= became fat), and the bird is so called in allusion to its fatness.]

שִׁלּוּב m.n. MH joining, combining, attaching. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֵּב, Pi. of שׁלב.]

שָׁלוּב adj. MH 1 joined, combined, attached. NH 2 interlaced, interlocked. [Pass. part. of שָׁלַב. See שׁלב.] Derivatives: שֽׁלוֹבִית, שֽׁלִיבוּת.

שְׁלוֹבִית f.n. NH pretzel. [Formed from שָׁלוּב with suff. ◌ִית.]

שָׁלוּג adj. NH snowy, covered with snow. [From שֶׁלֶג.] Derivative: שֽׁלוּגִית.

שְׁלוּגִית f.n. NH slush. [Formed from שָׁלוּג with suff. ◌ִית.]

שַׁלְוָה f.n. 1 quietness, ease, tranquility; security. 2 carelessness, indifference. [From שׁלה ᴵ.]

שָׁלֽוּחַ adj. & m.n. 1 sent. 2 extended, outstretched. 3 quick, swift, let loose. PBH 4 agent, messenger. [Pass. part. of שָׁלַח. See שׁלח ᴵ. cp. שָׁלִיחַ. cp. also שֽׁלוּחָה.] Derivative: שֽׁלוּחָה.

שִׁלּֽוּחַ m.n. (in the Bible only in the pl. שִׁלּוּחִים) 1 sending away, dismissal. 2 liberation, release, discharge. [From שִׁלַּח, Pi. of שׁלח ᴵ.]

שְׁלוּחָא m.n. PBH agent, messenger. [JAram., corresponding to Heb. שָׁלוּחַ (q.v.).]

שְׁלוּחָה f.n. 1 shoot, branch of vine (in the Bible occurring only Is. 16:8 in the form שְׁלֻחֹתֶיהָ). NH 2 range of mountains. 3 spur (of a mountain). NH 4 extension line (telephone). 5 metastasis (medicine). [Subst. use of the f. pl. of שָׁלוּחַ, pass. part. of שׁלח ᴵ.]

שִׁלּוּחִים m.n. pl. 1 sending away, dismissal (of a wife). 2 sending away of a daughter, hence ‘parting gift’. [pl. of שִׁלּוּחַ. For sense development cp. Akka. uzzubu (= parting gift), from ezēbu (= to leave, leave behind).]

שִׁלּוּט ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 holding, seizing. NH 2 ruling, having control. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֵּט, Pi. of שׁלט.]

שִׁלּוּט ᴵᴵ m.n. NH fitting with signposts. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֵּט. See שׁלט ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁלוּי m.n. NH draw out (esp. from the water). [Pass. part. of שָׁלָה. See שׁלה ᴵᴵ.]

שִׁלּוּי m.n. MH drawing out (esp. from the water). [Verbal n. of שִׁלָּה, Pi. of שׁלה ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁלוּךְ adj. MH 1 thrown out, thrown away. NH 2 forsaken, neglected. [From שׁלך.]

שִׁלּוּךְ m.n. MH throwing out, throwing away. [From שׁלך.]

שָׁלוּל ᴵ adj. PBH chained, fettered, manacled. [From שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת.]

שָׁלוּל ᴵᴵ adj. MH 1 plundered. 2 deprived of, lacking. [Pass. part. of שָׁלַל. See שׁלל ᴵ.]

שְׁלוּלִית f.n. PBH puddle, pond, pool. [Prob. related to Arab. shallāl (= waterfall). For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.]

שָׁלוֹם m.n. (pl. שְׁלוֹמִים, also שְׁלוֹמוֹת) 1 well-being, welfare. 2 safety, security. 3 completeness, soundness. 4 health. 5 condition. 6 peace. NH 7 ‘shalom’ (the most common greeting in Hebrew). [For the etymology of שָׁלוֹם see שׁלה, to which it stands as עֵרוֹם (= naked), stands to ערה ᴵ (= to lay bare). cp. the related BAram. שְׁלָם, Aram. שְׁלָם, שְׁלָמָא (= completeness, welfare, peace), OAram. שׁלם (= reward, repay), Ugar. shlm (= peace), Arab. silm and salam (= safety, security), OSArab. סלם (= peace), Ethiop. salām (= security, peace), Akka. shalāmu, shulmu (= welfare).] Derivative: שׁלם ᴵᴵ. cp. שְׁלָמָא.

שָׁלוּם adj. & m.n. complete; peaceful (in the Bible occurring only Sam. II 20:19 in the phrase שְׁלוּמֵי אֱמוּנֵי יִשֽׂרָאֵל, ‘peaceful and faithful in Israel’, used as an epithet for faithful, pious Jews). [From שׁלם ᴵ.]

שִׁלּוּם m.n. 1 reward. 2 bribe. 3 payment, wages. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֵּם (= he paid), Pi. of שׁלם ᴵ.]

שִׁלּוּמָה f.n. (pl. שִׁלּוּמוֹת) requital, retribution. [Formed from שִׁלֵּם, Pi. of שׁלם ᴵ, with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁלוּמִיאֵל m.n. NH good-for-nothing, duffer, useless. [Prob. a transposition of שֶׁלֹּא מוֹעִיל (= useless).] Derivative: שְׁלוּמִיאֵלִיּוּת.

שְׁלוּמִיאֵלִיּוּת f.n. NH idleness, inefficiency, laziness, ineffectuality. [Formed from שְׁלוּמִיאֵל with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׁלּוּמִים m.n. pl. 1 reward. 2 reparation. [pl. of שִׁלּוּם (q.v.).]

שְׁלוֹמִים m.n. pl. completeness (in the Bible used only in the phrase הָגֽלָת שְׁלוֹמִים, Jer. 13:19). [From שָׁלֵם (= whole, entire).]

שָׁלוּף adj. drawn (said of a sword). [Pass. part. of שָׁלַף. See שׁלף.]

שָׁלוּק adj. PBH boiled, cooked. [Pass. part. of שָׁלַק. See שׁלק ᴵ.]

שִׁלּוּק m.n. MH boiling, cooking. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֵּק (= he boiled), Pi. of שׁלק ᴵ.]

שָׁלוֹשׁ see שָׁלשׁ.

שָׁלוּשׁ adj. NH triangular. [From שָׁלשׁ.]

שִׁלּוּשׁ m.n. MH 1 triad, trio. NH 2 multiplication by three. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֵּשׁ. See שׁלשׁ.] Derivative: שִׁלּוּשִׁי.

שְׁלוֹשָׁה see שְׁלֹשָה.

שִׁלּוּשִׁי adj. NH trinitarian. [Formed from שִׁלּוּשׁ with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁלוֹשִׁים see שְׁלשִׁים.

שׁלח ᴵ to send; to stretch out, extend.
    — Qal - שָׁלַח 1 he sent; 2 he stretched out, extended; 3 he let loose; 4 he sent a message.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלַח 1 was sent, was dispatched, was transmitted; NH 2 he was ordered to go.
    — Pi. - שִׁלַּח 1 he sent away, sent off; 2 he sent out, sent forth; 3 he let loose, let go, set free, let loose; 4 he stretched out, extended; 5 he dismissed; 6 he divorced.
    — Pu. - שֻׁלַּח 1 was sent away, was sent off; 2 was dismissed; 3 was driven away, was removed.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּלַּח PBH 1 was sent away; MH 2 was driven away, was removed; MH 3 was stretched out.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁלִיחַ he sent (as punishment, like wild beasts, flies, famine, the enemy).
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׁלַח was sent. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁלַח (= he sent), Syr. שֽׁלַח (= a swarm of flies or bees), Ugar. shlḥ (= to send), Arab. saraḥa (= he sent forth, drove cattle to pasture), prob. also Akka. teshlītu (= command), shuluḫtu (= a sending out). cp. שֶׁלַח ᴵ.] Derivatives: שֶׁלַח ᴵᴵᴵ, שֶׁלַח ᴵⱽ, שַׁלָּח ᴵᴵ, שָׁלוּחַ, שִׁלּוּחַ, שִׁלּוּחִים, שָׁלִיחַ, הַשְׁלָחָה, הִשֽׁתַּלּֽחוּת, מִשֽׁלָח, מְשֻׁלָּח ᴵ, מְשֻׁלָּח ᴵᴵ, מִשְׁלוֹחַ.

שׁלח ᴵᴵ to strip bare, flay. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁלַח (= he stripped bare, flayed), Arab. salaḫa (of s.m.), Aram. שִׁלֽחָא, Syr. שֶׁלְחָא, Arab. salḫ (= hide, skin). cp. שֶׁלַח ᴵ.] Derivatives: שֶׁלַח ᴵᴵ, שַׁלָּח ᴵ.

שֶֽׁלַח ᴵ m.n. missile, weapon. [Prob. related to Ugar. shlḥ (= javelin, dart), Arab. silāḥ, silḥ (= arm, weapon), maslaḥa (= armed forces), Akka. shalū (= to shoot arrows), shiltaḫu (= arrow), perhaps also to shēlu (= javelin, dart). Some scholars connect these words with שׁלח ᴵ (= to send), and compare Arab. saraḥa with סרח ᴵ (= to spread out). For the possible relationship between שֶׁלַח ᴵ with שׁלח ᴵ (= to send), cp. L. missile (= missile), which derives from mittō, mittere (= to send).] Derivative: שֶׁלַח ⱽ.

שֶֽׁלַח ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH hide, skin (of animals). [From שׁלח ᴵᴵ. cp. שֻׁלְחָן.]

שֶֽׁלַח ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH irrigation, canal. [Prob. short for שֶׁלַח מַיִם (= pouring forth of water). See שׁלח ᴵ.]

שֶֽׁלַח ᴵⱽ m.n. PBH width, breadth. [Lit.: ‘extension’, from שָׁלַח (= he stretched out, extended). See שׁלח ᴵ.]

שֶֽׁלַח ⱽ m.n. PBH ripe olive. [Of uncertain origin.]

שֶֽׁלַח ⱽᴵ m.n. NH Erucaria (a genus of plants). [Derived from שֶׁלַח ᴵ and so called because it resembles a short sword.]

שַׁלָּח ᴵ m.n. NH worker in hides, skinner. [Nomen opificis formed on the analogy of JAram. שַׁלָּחָא, from שֶׁלַח ᴵᴵ (= hide, skin), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שַׁלָּח ᴵᴵ m.n. NH expeditor. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׁלַּח (= he sent forth), Pi. of שׁלח ᴵ, according to the pattern פַּעָל. See שַׁלָּח ᴵ.]

שַׁלְחוּף m.n. NH bladder; vesica (anatomy). [Formed from שַׁלְפּוּחִית through metathesis. cp. שַׁלְחוּפָה.] Derivatives: שִׁלְחוּף, שַׁלְחוּפִית.

שִׁלְחוּף m.n. NH vesication (anatomy). [Verbal n. of שִׁלְחֵף. See שׁלחף.]

שַׁלְחוּפָה f.n. NH tortoise. [Perhaps so called in allusion to its bladderlike shape.]

שַׁלְחוּפִית f.n. NH vesicle (anatomy). [Formed from שַׁלֽחוּף with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.] Derivative: שׁלחף.

שֻׁלְחָן m.n. (pl. שֻׁלְחָנוֹת) 1 table, board. PBH 2 money changer’s table. [Usually connected with Aram. שִׁלֽחָא, Syr. שֶׁלְחָא, Arab. salḫ (= hide; see שֶׁלַח ᴵᴵ), and supposed to have had the orig. meaning ‘skin spread on the ground’. However the fact that in ṯlḥn, the Ugar. equivalent of שֻׁלְחָן, ṯ stands for Heb. שׁ and ḥ for Heb. ח proves that the Aram. and Arab. equivalents could be only תלח, resp. tlḥ, hence the above etymology is erroneous.] Derivatives: שֻׁלְחָנוֹן, שֻׁלְחָנִי, שֻׁלְחָנִית.

שֻׁלְחָנוֹן m.n. NH a small table. [Formed from שֻׁלֽחָן with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

שֻׁלְחָנוּת f.n. MH money changing. [Formed from שֻׁלְחָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֻׁלְחָנִי f.n. PBH money changer. [Formed from שֻׁלֽחָן (= table), with suff. ◌ִי; so called because the money changer formerly used to sit before a table, which served as the place of his business. For sense development cp. Aram. פְּתוֹרַאי (= money changer, banker), from פְּתוֹרָא (= table); Gk. trapezites (= money changers, banker), from trapeza (= table); Ger. Bank (= bench; bank), from bank (= bench), Eng. bank, from It. banca — whence also Fren. banque (= table, counter, money changer’s table).] Derivatives: שֻׁלְחָנוּת, שֻׁלְחָנִיָּה.

שֻׁלְחָנִיָּה f.n. NH money changing office. [Formed from שֻׁלְחָנִי with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

שֻׁלְחָנִית f.n. NH plane table. [Formed from שֻׁלְחָן with suff. ◌ִית.]

שׁלחף to vesicate.
    — Pi. - שִׁלְחֵף it caused vesicles, vesicated.
    — Pu. - שֻׁלְחַף vesicles were caused in someone, was vesicated. [Denominated from שַׁלְחוּפִית.] Derivative: שִׁלְחוּף.

שׁלט ᴵ to rule, be master of, have dominion.
    — Qal - שָׁלַט 1 he ruled, governed, was master of, had dominion; 2 he controlled, mastered, commanded; PBH 3 he was proficient.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁלַט 1 was ruled, was governed; 2 became master of.
    — Pi. - שִׁלֵּט he ruled, he governed.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּלֵּט PBH 1 he became master of, ruled; NH 2 he seized control.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁלִיט 1 he gave power to, made a ruler; 2 he granted; NH 3 he introduced, fixed.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁלַט PBH 1 was given power to, was made a ruler; NH 2 was introduced, was fixed. [Borrowed from BAram. שְׁלַט (= he ruled, was master of, had dominion), which is related to JAram. and Syr. שְׁלַט (of s.m.), Ugar. shlṭ (= ruler), Arab. saluṭa (= he overcame, prevailed), Akka. shalāṭu (= to rule), shalṭu, shitluṭu (= powerful, mighty), Ethiop. shallaṭa (= he gave power). Heb. שָׁלַט is prob. an Aramaism.] Derivatives: שָׁלְטָן, שִׁלֽטוֹן, שִׁלּוּט ᴵ, שַׁלִּיט, שֽׁלִיטָה, הַשֽׁלָטָה, הִשְׁתַּלְּטוּת, מֻשֽׁלָט, שְׁתַלְּטָן. cp. שֻׂלֽטָאן.

שׁלט ᴵᴵ to fix signboards.
    — Pi. - שִׁלֵּט he fitted with signboards.
    — Pu. - שֻׁלַּט was fitted with signposts. [Denominated from שֶׁלֶט ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שִׁלּוּט ᴵᴵ, מְשֻׁלָּט.

שֶֽׁלֶט ᴵ m.n. shield. [Related to Akka. shalṭu (= a shield of leather). cp. שֶׁלֶט ᴵᴵ.]

שֶֽׁלֶט ᴵᴵ m.n. NH signboard, signpost. [Borrowed from שֶׁלֶט ᴵ (= shield), on analogy of the homophonic Ger. Schild, which has both meanings ‘shield’, and ‘signboard’ (however, there the two meanings are artificially differentiated inasmuch as Schild in the sense ‘shield’ is masculine, in the sense ‘signboard’ it is neuter).] Derivative: שׁלט ᴵᴵ.

שֻׂלְטָאן m.n. NH Sultan. [Arab. sulṭān (= Sultan), from Aram. שֻׁלְטָנָא (= power), sometimes used concretely in the sense of ‘possessor of power’, from שְׁלֵט (= he had power). See שׁלט and cp. words there referred to.]

שִׁלְטוֹן m.n. (pl. שִׁלְטוֹנִים in sense 1, שִׁלְטוֹנוֹת in sense 2) 1 power, mastery, authority, rule, dominion. PBH 2 ruler, magistrate. [From BAram. שִׁלְטוֹן (= ruler), which itself derives from BAram. שָׁלֽטָן (q.v.). cp. Aram. שֻׁלֽטָנָא (= power), sometimes used concretely in the sense of ‘possessor of power’, whence Arab. sulṭān (= Sultan). See שֻׂלְטָאן.] Derivative: שִׁלְטוֹנִי.

שִׁלְטוֹנִי adj. NH governmental, authoritative. [Formed from שִׁלְטוֹן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁלְטָן m.n. PBH power, rule, dominion. [BAram. שָׁלְטָא (emphatic state שָׁלְטָנָא), whence Arab. sulṭān. See שִׁלֽטוֹן.] Derivatives: שָׁלֽטָנוּת, שָׁלְטָנִי.

שָׁלְטָנוּת f.n. PBH authority, rulership. [Formed from שָׁלְטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁלְטָנִי adj. MH ruling, dominant. [Formed from שָׁלְטָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁלַט־רָחוֹק m.n. NH remote controller. [Compounded of שׁלט (= to control) and רָחוֹק (= remote).]

שַׁלֶּֽטֶת f.n. (pl. שַׁלִּיטוֹת) , domineering, imperious. [f. of שַׁלִּיט (q.v.). cp. גְּבִירָה (= mistress, lady), and גְּבֶרֶת (of s.m.).]

שֶׁלִּי possessive pron. my; mine, etc. [See שֶׁל.]

שְׁלִי m.n. quietness, tranquillity (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 3:27 in the form בַּשֶּֽׁלִי. [From שׁלה ᴵ.]

שֻׁלְיָא see שֽׁוַלֽיָה.

שְׁלִיבָה f.n. PBH 1 rung of a ladder. NH 2 joining, linking, interlacing, interlocking. NH 3 commissure (anatomy). Derivative: שְׁלִיבָתִי.

שְׁלִיבוּת f.n. NH linkage. [Formed from שָׁלוּב with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁלִיבָתִי adj. NH commissural. [Formed from שְׁלִיבָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁלִיגָה f.n. MH snowing, snowfall. [Verbal n. of שָׁלַג. See שׁלג and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁלְיָה f.n. afterbirth, placenta (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 28:57). [Related to JAram. שִׁלְיְתָא, Syr. שְׁלִיתָא, Arab. salān, Akka. silītu, shelītu (of s.m.).]

שְׁלִיָּה f.n. NH drawing out (esp. from water). [Verbal n. of שָׁלָה. See שׁלה ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שֻׁלְיָה see שְׁוַלְיָה.

שְׁלֵיו adj. quiet, at ease (occurring only Jer. 49:31 in the phrase קוּמוּ עֲלוּ אֶל גוֹי שְׁלֵיו, ‘rise, go up against a nation that is at ease’. [A secondary form of שָׁלֵו.]

שָׁלִֽיחַ m.n. PBH messenger, agent, delegate, deputy. [From שָׁלַח (= he sent); see שׁלח ᴵ. There is a difference between שָׁלוּחַ and שָׁלִיחַ. The former denotes a messenger of transient character, the latter a delegate appointed for a longer period of time. The same difference may be noted in other participles and adjectives of the pattern פָּעוּל, resp. פָּעִיל. cp. the words קָרוּא and קָרִיא, שָׂנוּא and שָׂנִיא.] Derivatives: שְׁלִיחוּת, שְׁלִיחִי.

שְׁלִיחָה f.n. MH sending, dispatching. [Verbal n. of שָׁלַח. See שׁלח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁלִיחוּת f.n. PBH 1 errand. 2 mission, task. [Formed from שָׁלוּחַ or שָׁלִיחַ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. JAram. שֽׁלִיחוּתָא.]

שְׁלִיחִי adj. NH of, or pertaining to, a messenger, agent, delegate or deputy. [Formed from שָׁלִיחַ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁלִּיט m.n. ruler, master. [Formed from שׁלט ᴵ, whence also BAram. שַׁלִּיט, Ugar. shlṭ.] Derivative: שַׁלִּיטוּת.

שְׁלִיטָ״א MH acrostic of the words שֶׁיִּחְיֶה לֽאֹרֶךְ יָמִים טוֹבִים אָמֵן, ‘May he live long and happily, Amen!’ (usually said after naming a rabbi).

שְׁלִיטָה f.n. PBH power, authority, control. [Verbal n. of שָׁלַט. See שׁלט ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁלִּיטוּת f.n. MH rulership, dominion. [Formed from שַׁלִּיט with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁלִיל m.n. PBH embryo; foetus. [Related to Arab. salīl (= son, descendant).]

שֽׁלִילָה ᴵ f.n. MH 1 removal. 2 negation. [Verbal n. of שָׁלַל. See שׁלל ᴵᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: שְׁלִילוּת, שְׁלִילִי, שֽׁלִילָנוּת.

שְׁלִילָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH stitching loosely. [Verbal n. of שָׁלַל. See שׁלל ᴵᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁלִילוּת f.n. MH negativeness, negativity. [Formed from שְׁלִילָה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁלִילִי adj. NH 1 negative. 2 undesirable. [Formed from שֽׁלִילָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שְׁלִילִיּוּת.

שְׁלִילִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 negativeness. 2 negativism. [Formed from שְׁלִילִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁלִים־מַזָּל adj. NH unlucky, unfortunate. [From Yiddish. A hybrid coined from Ger. schlimm (= bad) and Heb. מַזָּל (= lucky).]

שְׁלִיף f.n. NH saddlebag, fodderbag. [From Aram. שֽׁלִיפָא, Syr. שַׁלִּיפָא, whence also Arab. shalīf (of s.m.).]

שָׁלִיף adj. NH that which can be drawn out, drawable (said of a sword). [Coined from שָׁלַף (= he drew out; see שׁלף), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

שְׁלִיפָה f.n. PBH drawing out, unsheathing. [Verbal n. of שָׁלַף. See שׁלף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁלִיקָה f.n. PBH boiling, cooking. [Verbal n. of שָׁלַק. See שׁלק ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁלִישׁ ᴵ m.n. 1 officer, captain. NH 2 adjutant, aide-de-camp. [Prob. derived from שָׁלשׁ and orig. denoting the third man in the chariot. cp. Ugar. tlt (= third, third in rank), Akka. shalshai (= third in rank), whence prob. BAram. תַּלְתָּא, JAram. תַּלְתָא (= third in rank).] Derivative: שָׁלִישׁוּת.

שָׁלִישׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. ‘shalish’ — a dry measure, possibly the third part of an ‘ephah’, whence identical with the סְאָה. [From שָׁלשׁ. cp. שְׁלִישׁ.]

שָׁלִישׁ ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. ‘shalish’ — name of a musical instrument. [Derived from שָׁלשׁ and so called because it was a three-cornered, or three-stringed, instrument.]

שָׁלִישׁ ᴵⱽ m.n. PBH 1 trustee, depositary. NH 2 arbitrator, referee. [Derived from שָׁלשׁ and properly denoting the third man, with whom the two parties deposited something.] Derivative: שָׁלִישׁוּת ᴵ.

שְׁלִישׁ m.n. PBH one third, third part. [From שׁלשׁ. cp. שָׁלִישׁ ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁלִישׁוֹן ᴵ m.n. NH a group of three notes (music). [Formed from שׁלשׁ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שְׁלִישׁוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH Tertiary (geology). [Formed from שְׁלִישִׁי (= third) with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שְׁלִישׁוֹנִי adj. NH tertiary (geology). [Formed from שְׁלִישׁוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁלִישׁוּת ᴵ f.n. PBH deposit. [Formed from שָׁלִישׁ ᴵⱽ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁלִישׁוּת ᴵᴵ f.n. NH adjutancy. [Formed from שָׁלִישׁ ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁלִישִׁי adj. 1 third. PBH 2 the third person called to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue. [Formed from שׁלשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁלִישִׁיָּה f.n. a group of three, trio, triplet. [Formed from שְׁלִישִׁי (= third) with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁלִישִׁית f.n. one third. [Subst. use of the f. of שְׁלִישִׁי (= third).]

שׁלך to throw, fling, cast.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁלִיךְ 1 he threw, cast, flung, threw away, cast off; 2 he drove away, removed.
    — Hoph. - הָשְׁלַךְ, הֻשְׁלַךְ 1 was thrown, was cast, was thrown away, was cast off; 2 was driven away, was removed.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלַךְ was thrown, was cast, was flung.
    — Pi. - שִׁלֵּךְ MH 1 he threw, cast, flung, threw away, cast off; NH 2 he jettisoned.
    — Pu. - שֻׁלַּךְ 1 was thrown, was cast, was flung, was thrown away, was cast off; 2 was jettisoned. [Occurring as an element in the Phoen. compound of proper names as אשמנשלך, שלכבעל, שמששלך. Possibly related to Arab. salaka (= he traveled along a road, took a road), ’aslaka (= he led along a road). Furthermore it is possible that Heb. שׁלך is a Shaph‘el form of הָלַךְ (= he went), which is related to Akka. alāku (= to go), whence Shaph. shūluku (= he led). See הלך.] Derivatives: שָׁלֵךְ, שָׁלוּךְ, שִׁלּוּךְ, שַׁלֶּכֶת, מֻשְׁלָךְ. cp. תַּשְׁלִיךְ. cp. also שָׁלָךְ.

שָׁלָךְ m.n. a bird of uncertain meaning (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 11:17 and Deut. 14:17). Most scholars render it by cormorant. Aharoni identifies it with the fish owl (Ketupa ceylonensis). [Prob. derived from שׁלך and lit. meaning ‘(the bird) that hurls itself from above’.]

שָׁלֵךְ adj. NH falling, deciduous. [From שׁלך.]

שַׁלֶּֽכֶת f.n. falling (of leaves). [From שׁלך.]

שׁלל ᴵ to spoil, plunder, to deprive.
    — Qal - שָׁלַל 1 he spoiled, plundered, pillaged; 2 he deprived.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁלַל was spoiled, was plundered, was deprived.
    — Hithpol. - הִשְׁתּוֹלֵל was spoiled, was plundered. [Akka. shalālu, OSArab. תלל (= to plunder), and Arab. thalla (= flock of sheep or goats). cp. the related base נשׁל.] Derivatives: שׁלל ᴵᴵ, שׁלל ᴵᴵᴵ, שָׁלָל, שָׁלוּל ᴵᴵ, שׁוֹלָל, שׁוֹלֵל.

שׁלל ᴵᴵ to draw out (sheaves).
    — Qal - שָׁלַל he drew out sheaves (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ruth 2:16 in the phrase שֹׁל־תָּשֹׁלוּ, ‘you shall draw out (from the bundles)’. [Arab. salla (= he pulled out, withdrew). A special sense development of שׁלל ᴵ. cp. the related base שׁלה ᴵᴵ.]

שׁלל ᴵᴵᴵ to remove; to refuse, to negate, deny.
    — Qal - שָׁלַל 1 he removed; MH 2 he refused; NH 3 he negated, denied.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלַל 1 was removed; 2 was refused; 3 was negated, was denied.
    — Po. - שׁוֹלַל was negated, was denied.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁלִיל he negated, denied.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁלַל was negated, was denied. [Sense enlargement of שׁלל ᴵ.] Derivatives: שְׁלִילָה ᴵ, שְׁלִילִי, שׁוֹלֵל ᴵᴵ.

שׁלל ᴵⱽ to stitch loosely, join together loosely, to chain, fetter.
    — Qal - שָׁלַל he stitched loosely; he chained, fettered. [Prob. denominated from שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת (= chain). However, it is also possible that שׁלל in this sense is a Shaph‘el verb formed from לוּלָאָה (= loop), so that שׁלל ᴵⱽ would properly mean ‘to tie with loops’.] Derivatives: שָׁלוּל ᴵ, שְׁלִילָה ᴵᴵ, שְׁלָל, שֶׁלֶל.

שָׁלָל m.n. spoil, booty, plunder. [From שׁלל ᴵ.]

שְׁלָל m.n. PBH loose stich. [From שׁלל ᴵⱽ.]

שֶֽׁלֶל m.n. PBH bunch (used only in the phrase שֶׁלֶל שֶׁל בֵּיצִים (= embryonic eggs joined together). [Derived from שׁלל ᴵⱽ.]

שׁלם to be ended, be finished, be complete; to be whole, be safe; to be peaceful, be at ease.
    — Qal - שַׁלֵם 1 was ended, was finished, was completed; 2 was safe, was sound, was at peace.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלַם MH 1 was ended, was finished, was completed; PBH 2 (fig.) he died, passed away.
    — Pi. - שִׁלֵּם 1 he completed, finished; 2 he made whole, made good, restored, made compensation; 3 he paid; 4 he requited, recompensed, rewarded.
    — Pu. - שֻׁלַּם 1 was repaid, was requited; 2 was performed (said of a vow).
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּלֵּם PBH 1 was paid; PBH 2 it was paying, was profitable; MH 3 he completed his studies; he became accomplished.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁלִים 1 he ended, finished, completed, accomplished; 2 was ended, was finished, was completed, was accomplished; 3 he made peace; PBH 4 he submitted himself, surrendered.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁלַם 1 was ended, was finished, was completed, was accomplished; 2 peace was established (between). [Phoen. שׁלם (= to complete; to requite), Aram. שְׁלֵים, Syr. שְׁלֵם (= was complete; was safe), Arab. salima (= was intact, was in good health), Akka. shalāmu (= to be unharmed, be complete; to be paid). Egypt, sharmā (= to greet, do homage), is a Sem. loan word. The base שׁלם prob. developed from base שׁלה ᴵ (= to be at ease) through the medium of שָׁלוֹם (= peace).] Derivatives: שָׁלֵם (adj.), שֶׁלֶם ᴵ, שֶׁלֶם ᴵᴵ, שַׁלָּם, שִׁלֵּם, שַׁלְמוֹן ᴵ, שַׁלֽמָן, שָׁלוּם, שִׁלּוּם, שִׁלּוּמָה, שְׁלוֹמִים, הַשְׁלֵם, הַשְׁלָמָה, הִשְׁתַּלְּמוּת, מַשְׁלִים, מֻשְׁלָם, מְשֻׁלָּם ᴵ, מְשֻׁלָּם ᴵᴵ, תַּשְׁלוּם, תִּשְׁלֹמֶת. cp. שָׁלוֹם. cp. also שַׁלְמוֹנִית and שְׁלָמָא.

שָׁלֵם adj. 1 entire, whole, complete. 2 healthy, safe, unharmed. 3 perfect. 4 at peace. [From שׁלם.] Derivative: שְׁלֵמוּת.

שֶֽׁלֶם ᴵ m.n. peace offering (in the Bible it occurs mostly in the pl.). [Prob. related to שָׁלוֹם (= peace). The exact meaning of שֶׁלֶם is uncertain. The rendering ‘peace offering’ is based on the translation of the Septuagint. cp. the related Ugar. shlm (name of a kind of sacrifice).]

שֶׁלֶם ᴵᴵ m.n. NH payment. [From שׁלם. cp. the noun שִׁלֵּם.]

שַׁלָּם m.n. NH paymaster, pay clerk. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׁלֵּם (= he paid), Pi. of שׁלם, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שִׁלֵּם m.n. requital, recompense (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:35). [From שׁלם.]

שְׁלָמָא m.n. PBH peace. [Aram., related to Heb. שָׁלוֹם (q.v.).]

שַׂלְמָה f.n. garment, mantle, clothes. [Metathesis of שִׂמְלָה, the orig. form.]

שַׁלָּמָה adv. why; lest (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 1:7). [Formed from שַׁ◌ (= שֶׁ◌) and לָמָה and corresponding to אֲשֶׁר לָמָה (= lest). cp. שֻׁמָּא. Aram. דִּלְמָא (q.v.) is similarly formed.]

שַׁלְמוֹן ᴵ m.n. reward, bribe (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 1:23). [Prob. a loan word from Akka. shulmānu (= present, gift), which derives from shalāmu (= to be paid). See שׁלם.]

שַׁלְמוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH cockle, darnel. [Borrowed from Arab. shālam (of s.m.).]

שַׁלְמוֹנִית f.n. MH ‘shalmonith’, name of a kind of ‘selihah’. [Of uncertain origin. It is possibly Hebraization of Gk. psalmos (= psalm), whence also JAram. פִּזְמָא (= liturgical hymn). See פזם and פִּזְּמוֹן. For the ending of שַׁלְמוֹנִית see suff. ◌ִית.]

שְׁלֵמוּת f.n. MH (pl. שְׁלֵמֻיּוֹת) completeness, wholeness; perfection. [Formed from שָׁלֵם, adj., with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁלָמִים see שֶׁלֶם ᴵ.

שְׁלַעְטִיט, שְׁלַעְטוּט m.n. a word occurring in Talmud Yerushalmi; in several parallel passages in the Babylonian Talmud the corresponding word is שִׂרְטוֹן. It is prob. that the version in the Yerushalmi is the right one. The word שְׁלַעְטִיט, שְׁלַעְטוּט prob. denotes a group of trees which grew from the reed stuck into the sea and developed into a large forest. The origin of the word is unknown. It is surely not a loan word from L. salictetum or salictum (= a thicket formed from willows).

שׁלף to draw out, take off, unsheathe.
    — Qal - שָׁלַף 1 he drew out, unsheathed a sword; 2 he drew off (a sandal or a shoe); 3 it sprung up, shot up (said of grass).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלַף was drawn out, was unsheathed (said of a sword).
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּלֵּף 1 was drawn out, was unsheathed (said of a sword); 2 was drawn out, was plucked out (said of grass).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁלִיף he plucked out or cut (said of any produce of the field).
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁלַף was drawn out, was unsheathed (said of a sword). [Aram. שְׁלַף (= he drew a sword, drew off a shoe), Akka. shalāpu (= to pluck out, draw a sword, strip), Arab. salaba (= he drew out, stripped, plundered).] Derivatives: שֶׁלֶף, שָׁלוּף, שָׁלִיף, שֽׁלִיפָה.

שֶֽׁלֶף m.n. PBH field of stubble. [From שָׁלַף. See שׁלף.]

שַׁלְפּזּחִי adj. NH vesicular. [Back formation from שַׁלְפּוּחִית.]

שַׁלְפּוּחִית f.n. PBH 1 womb. MH 2 blob, vesicle, bladder. [From Aram. שַׁלְפּוּחָא (= womb), which was prob. dissimilated from שַׁנְפּוּחָא, from נפח (= to blow). cp. שַׁלְחוּפִית.] Derivatives: שׁלפח, שַׁלְפּוּחִי.

שׁלפח to make a blob or a vesicle.
    — Pi. - שִׁלְפַּח he made a blob.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּלְפַּח blobs or vesicles were formed. [Derived from שַׁלְפּוּחִית.]

שׁלק ᴵ to boil, cook.
    — Qal - שָׁלַק he boiled, cooked, poured hot water on.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁלַק was boiled, was cooked.
    — Pi. - שִׁלֵּק he boiled, cooked, poured hot water on.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּלֵּק was boiled, was cooked. [Borrowed from Aram. and Syr. שְׁלַק (= he boiled, cooked, broiled), which is related to Arab. salaqa (= he boiled, cooked, scalded), Akka. salāqu (= to boil, cook).] Derivatives: שֶׁלֶק, שָׁלוּק, שִׁלּוּק, שְׁלִיקָה, הִשְׁתַּלְּקוּת.

שׁלק ᴵᴵ to make smooth, trim. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps Shiph‘el of חלק ᴵᴵ (= to be smooth).]

שֶֽׁלֶק m.n. PBH boiled vegetables or fruit. [From שׁלק ᴵ.]

שָׁלשׁ, שָׁלוֹשׁ f. adj. three. [From שׁלשׁ ᴵ. Related to Phoen. שלש, OAram. שלשא, BAram.–Aram. and Syr. תְּלָת (f.), תְּלָתָה, תְּלָתָא (m.), Ugar. tlt, Arab. talāth (f.), talātha (m.), OSArab. תלת, older form שׁלת, Ethiop. shalā (f.), shalāstu (m.), Akka. shalāshi (f.), shalāshti (m.) (= three).] Derivatives: שֽׁלשִׁים, שׁלשׁ ᴵᴵ, שִׁלֵּשׁ, שֶׁלֶשׁ, שְׁלָשׁ, שְׁלָשָׁה, שִׁלְשׁוֹם, שֽׁלָשִׁי, שַׁלְשִׁית, שְׁלָשְׁתַּיִם, שָׁלִישׁ ᴵ, שָׁלִישׁ ᴵᴵᴵ, שָׁלִישׁ ᴵⱽ, שְׁלִישׁ, שְׁלִישׁוֹן, שְׁלִישִׁי. cp. תְּלָת.

שׁלשׁ ᴵ base of שָׁלשׁ (= three). [See שָׁלשׁ and words there referred to.]

שׁלשׁ ᴵᴵ to multiply by three.
    — Pi. - שִׁלֵּשׁ 1 he did something three times; 2 he divided into three parts; NH 3 he multiplied by three.
    — Pu. - שֻׁלַּשׁ 1 was threefolded, was threefold; 2 was three years old (Gen. 15:9; according to several scholars the meaning is ‘was of the third’ — i.e. best — litter); PBH 3 was said (or written) three times.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּלֵּשׁ PBH 1 he did something a third time; PBH 2 it was divided into three parts; MH 3 he was appointed arbitrator (in this sense denominated from שָׁלִישׁ ᴵⱽ).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁלִישׁ 1 he deposited (with a third person; denominated from שָׁלִישׁ ᴵⱽ); 2 he divided into three parts.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁלַשׁ was deposited (with a third person). [Denominated from שָׁלשׁ.] Derivatives: שִׁלּוּשׁ, הַשְׁלָשָׁה, הִשְׁתַּלְּשׁוּת, מֻשְׁלָשׁ, מְשֻׁלָּשׁ.

שִׁלֵּשׁ m.n. one of the third generation; great grandson. [Formed from שָׁלשׁ (= three) and lit. meaning ‘pertaining to the third’. cp. רִבֵּר.]

שֶֽׁלֶשׁ m.n. NH drill. [Derived from שָׁלשׁ and so called because woven through three threads.]

שְׁלָשׁ m.n. NH triplicate. [From שָׁלשׁ.] Derivative: שְׁלָשׁוּת.

שְׁלשָׁה, שְׁלוֹשָׁה f. adj. three. [See שָׁלשׁ.]

שִׁלֵּשָׁה f.n. NH great granddaughter. [f. of שִׁלֵּשׁ.]

שְׁלָשָׁה f.n. NH a group of three, trio. [Formed from שָׁלשׁ (= three) with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שֶׁלְשָׁה f.n. NH trinity (Catholic Religion). [Formed from שָׁלשׁ (= three), with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁלְשׁוּל ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 a letting down; lowering. NH 2 a dropping in, insertion. PBH 3 diarrhea. [Verbal n. of שִׁלֽשֵׁל. See שׁלשׁל.]

שִׁלְשׁוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH earthworm. [Denominated from שִׁלְשֵׁל, hence derivatively identical with שִׁלֽשׁוּל ᴵ. The earthworm was so called in allusion to its chainlike body.]

שִׁלְשׁוֹם, שִׁלְשֹׁם adv. the day before yesterday. [Lit.: ‘three days ago’. Formed from שָׁלשׁ (= three) with adv. suff. ◌ם, ◌וֹם, a collateral form of adv. suff. ◌ָם. See the suff. of פִּתְאֹם. cp. Akka. ina shalshi ūme (= on the third day). This is one of the words that occur only in Hebrew and in Akkadian.]

שִׁלָּשׁוֹן ᴵ m.n. NH T-pipe. [Formed from שָׁלשׁ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שִׁלָּשׁוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH Trisetum (botany). [Formed from שָׁלשׁ with suff. ◌וֹן. cp. the scientific name Trisetum, which is compounded of L. tri– (= three), and saeta (= bristle).]

שְׁלָשׁוּת f.n. NH triplicity. [Formed from שְׁלָשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁלָשִׁי adj. PBH 1 three-year old. NH 2 tripartite. [Lit.: ‘third’; a secondary form of שְׁלִישִׁי (q.v.). cp. רְבָעִי, חֲמָשִׁי.]

שְׁלשִׁים, שְׁלוֹשִׁים 1 thirty. 2 the thirty days of mourning. [Properly pl. of שָׁלשׁ (= three). cp. Aram.–Syr. תּֽלָתִין, Arab. thalāthūna (= thirty).]

שַׁלְשִׁית f.n. NH trio (music). [Formed from שָׁלשׁ (= three), with suff. ◌ִית.]

שׁלשׁל to let down, lower, to chain down, couple.
    — Pilp. - שִׁלֽשֵׁל PBH 1 he let down, lowered; PBH 2 he chained, coupled; NH 3 he dropped in, inserted; PBH 4 he relaxed, loosened the bowels, had diarrhea.
    — Pulp. - שֻׁלְשַׁל PBH 1 he let himself down; NH 2 was dropped in, was inserted; PBH 3 was chained, was coupled.
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׁתַּלְשֵׁל PBH 1 was removed; NH 2 he let himself down, lowered himself; MH 3 he developed. [Denominated from שַׁלֽשֶׁלֶת (= chain). cp. שׁרשׁר.] Derivatives: שִׁלְשׁוּל ᴵ, שִׁלְשׁוּל ᴵᴵ, הִשְׁתַּלְשְׁלוּת, מְשֻׁלְשָׁל.

שַׁלְשֶֽׁלֶת f.n. (pl. שַׁלְשְׁלָאוֹת, also שַׁלְשָׁלוֹת) PBH 1 chain. PBH 2 development. MH 3 ‘shalsheleth’, name of a disjunctive accent placed above the word; its form is ◌֔; so called because of its chainlike form. NH 4 spirochaeta (name of a genus of bacteria characterized by a chainlike form). [Together with JAram. שׁוּלְשַׁלְתָּא, שִׁלְשֶׁלְתָּא, שׁוּשֶׁלְתָּא (whence Arab. silsila), Ethiop. sansal (= chain), prob. borrowed from Akka. sharsharatu. For the ending of שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת see suff. ◌ֶת. שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת is prob. a later Mishnaic form of שַׁרֽשֶׁרֶת. For the change of ר (in שַׁרֽשֶׁרֶת) to ל (in שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת) see introduction to letter ל.] Derivatives: שׁלשׁל, שַׁלְשַׁלְתִּי.

שַׁלְשַׁלְתִּי adj. NH chainlike. [Formed from שַׁלְשֶׁלֶת with suff. ◌ִי.]

שִׁלְשֹׁם see שִׁלְשׁוֹם.

שְׁלָשְׁתַּֽיִם adv. NH threefold. [Formed on the analogy of אַרֽבַּעְתַּיִם (= fourfold), from שְׁלֹשָה (= three), with suff. ◌ַֽיִם.]

שֵׁם ᴵ m.n. (pl. שֵׁמוֹת) 1 name, designation. 2 reputation, renown, fame. 3 name, as designation of God. [Related to BAram. שֻׁם, Aram. שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, שׁוּם, Syr. שֵׁם, שְׁמָא, OAram., Palm. שם, Mand. שומא, Ugar. shm, Arab. ism, usm, sim, Ethiop. sem, Akka. shumu (= name). Some scholars connect the above names with Arab. wasama (= he branded cattle, stamped, marked, branded), wasm (= branding cattle, stamp, mark, brand).] Derivatives: הַשֵּׁם, בְּשֵׁם, כְּשֵׁם, לְשֵׁם, שֵׁמוֹן, שֵׁמִי ᴵ, שֵׁמָנִי. cp. שְׁמָא.

שֵׁם ᴵᴵ PN Shem — the name of one of Noah’s sons (Gen. 10:21–30).

שָׁם adv. (after verbs of motion שָֽׁמָּה) 1 there, thither. 2 existing, in existence (under the influence of Arabic). [Related to OSAram. אשם, BAram. תַּמָּה, JAram., Syr. תַּמָּן, Ugar. tm, Arab. thamma (= there, thither). See תַּמָּן.]

שְׁמָא m.n. PBH name. [Aram., emphatic state of שֵׁם (= name). See שֵׁם.]

שֶׁמָּא adv. PBH lest; perhaps. [Usually identified with Biblical Heb. שַׁלָּמָה (q.v.), with the substitution of מָא (= מָה), ‘what’, for לָמָה. cp. Aram. דְּמָא, דְּמַאי (= of what), דִּילְמָא (= perhaps). However, Tur-Sinai connects שֶׁמָּא with Akka. shumma (= if), Ethiop. esma (= because), Arab. ismān and various other words with different meanings.]

שַׁמָּאוּת f.n. MH assessing, valuing, estimating. [Formed from שַׁמַּאי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁמַּאי m.n. MH assessor, valuer, estimator. [Nomen opificis formed from שׁום (= to assess, value, estimate), according to the pattern פַּעָל.] Derivative: שַׁמָּאוּת.

שְׂמֹאל m. & f.n. 1 the left, the left side. 2 the left hand; the north (i.e. the side on the left of one facing east; see קֶדֶם and אָחוֹר). NH 3 the left (party). [Related to JAram. שְׂמָאלָא, Syr. סְמָאלָא, Ugar. shml, Arab. sham’āl, shā’mal (= north, north wing), shimāl (= left side, left hand, left), Akka. shumēlu (= the left side). All these words are prob. formed from a noun שׁם, שׁמא and the suff. ל. cp. Arab. sha’ma (= was unlucky), whence mash’ūm (= unlucky), shā’m (= ‘north’; ‘Syria’, i.e. ‘the country situated to the left’). cp. the opposite yamīn (= ‘Yeman’; lit.: ‘the country situated to the right’ if one faces east). See יָמִין. For the sense development one should bear in mind that the right side was regarded as auspicious, the left as inauspicious.] Derivatives: שׂמאל, שְׂמָאלוּת, שֽׂמָאלִי, שְׂמָאלָנוּת, שְׂמָאלָנִי.

שׂמאל to go or turn to the left; to use the left hand.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂמְאִיל, הִשְׂמִיל 1 he went or turned to the left, used the left hand; NH 2 he turned to the left (in politics). [Denominated from שְׂמֹאל.] Derivatives: הַשְׂמָאלָה, מַשְׂמְאִיל.

שְׂמָאלוּת f.n. NH left-handedness. [Formed from שְׂמֹאל with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׂמָאלִי adj. 1 left, left-handed. NH 2 Leftist (politically). [Formed from שְׂמֹאל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שְׂמָאלִיּוּת.

שְׂמָאלִיּוּת f.n. NH Leftism. [Formed from שְׂמָאלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׂמָאלָנוּת f.n. NH Leftism. [Formed from שְׂמֹאל with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

שְׂמָאלָנִי adj. NH Leftist. [Formed from שְׂמֹאל with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁמד ᴵ to destroy, devastate, exterminate.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁמַד 1 was destroyed, was devastated; 2 was annihilated, was exterminated.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁמִיד 1 he destroyed, devastated; 2 he annihilated, exterminated.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁמַד 1 was destroyed; was devastated; 2 was annihilated, was exterminated.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּמֵּד (of s.m.). [Of uncertain origin. Barth compares it with Arab. sadum (= weather-beaten; decayed), and with Ethiop. damsasa (= he destroyed). F. Delitzsch connects it with Akka. mashādu (= to strike).] Derivatives: שָׁמוּד, הֶשְׁמֵד, הַשְׁמָדָה.

שׁמד ᴵᴵ to force to apostasy, convert forcibly (from Judaism).
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּד he forced to apostasy, he converted forcibly (from Judaism).
    — Pu. - שֻׁמַּד was forced to apostasy, was converted forcibly (from Judaism). Nith. נִשְׁתַּמֵּד PBH he became an apostate, was converted forcibly, apostatized. [Borrowed from JAram. שַׁמֵּד (= he caused to apostatize). This verb is prob. a Shaph‘el form of עֲמַד (= he dived, plunged; he dipped in or under water; he was baptized). Accordingly שׁמד ᴵᴵ is a contraction of שׁעמד (= to cause to be baptized), and מְשֻׁמָּד (= apostate) is an inexact vocalization of מְשׁוּעְמָד, and lit. means ‘forcibly baptized; converted forcibly (from Judaism)’. Already Rabbi Hai Gaon (939–1038), quoted by Rabbi Moshe ben Ezra (1055–after 1135), established that משומד is shortened from משועמד. For the etymology of Syr. צמד see אמד ᴵ. For a similar contraction cp. שִׁמֵּם (= crazy, demented, insane), which is shortened from שִׁעֽמֵם (= he made dull, stupefied).] Derivatives: שְׁמָד, שִׁמּוּד, הִשֽׁתַּמְּדוּת, מְשֻׁמָּד.

שְׁמָד m.n. PBH 1 religious persecution. 2 forced conversion. [Borrowed from JAram. שֽׁמָדָא, from עֲמַד (= אֲמַד). See שׁמד ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: שַׁמְדוּת.

שַׁמְדוּת f.n. MH condition of an apostate. [Formed from שֽׁמָד with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁמָּה f.n. 1 destruction, devastation. 2 appalment, horror. [Formed from שׁמם with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָֽׁמָּה see שׁם.

שָׂמֽוּחַ adj. NH glad, rejoicing. [Pass. part. of שָׂמַח (= he was glad, rejoiced), an intr. v. which regularly has no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions see בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

שִׂמּֽוּחַ m.n. NH gladdening. [Verbal n. of שִׂמַּח, Pi. of שׂמח (= to be glad, rejoice).]

שָׁמוּט adj. PBH 1 long and thin (said of neck). MH 2 turned aside. NH 3 dislocated. NH 4 uncultivated. [Pass. part. of שָׁמַט. See שׁמט.]

שִׁמּוּט m.n. PBH 1 drawing out, unsheathing (a sword). NH 2 turning aside. NH 3 dislocation. NH 4 leaving the land uncultivated. NH 5 remission of debts. [Verbal n. of שִׁמֵּט, Pi. of שׁמט.]

שִׁמּוּם m.n. MH desolation. [Verbal n. of שִׁמֵּם, Pi. of שׁמם.]

שֵׁמוֹן m.n. NH 1 list of names. 2 alphabetical list. 3 gazetteer. [Formed from שֵׁם (= name) with fifth suff. ◌וֹן.]

שִׁמּוּן m.n. NH oiling, greasing, lubrication. [Verbal n. of שִׁמֵּן, Pi. of שׁמן ᴵ.]

שְׁמוֹנֶה see שְׁמֹנֶה.

שְׁמוֹנָה see שְׁמֹנָה.

שְׁמוֹנִים see שֽׁמֹנִים.

שְׁמֽוּעַ m.n. PBH meaning, sense, significance. [From שָׁמַע (= he heard; he understood). See שׁמע.]

שָׁמֽוּעַ adj. MH heard. [Pass. part. of שָׁמַע. See שׁמע.]

שִׁמּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 announcement. NH 2 delivery of judgment. [Verbal n. of שִׁמַּע, Pi. of שׁמע.]

שְׁמוּעָה f.n. 1 heard things, report, news. 2 rumor. 3 revelation. PBH 4 tradition. [From שָׁמַע. See שׁמע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁמוּר adj. 1 guarded. NH 2 reserved, restricted. [Pass. part. of שָׁמַר. See שׁמר.]

שִׁמּוּר ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 watching, guarding. NH 2 preservation. [From שׁמר ᴵ. See שִׁמּוּרִים, which is properly the pl. of שִׁמּוּר.] Derivative: שִׁמּוּרִי.

שִׁמּוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH straining, filtering. [Verbal n. of שִׁמֵּר (= he strained, filtered). See שׁמר ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁמוּרָה ᴵ f.n. 1 eyelid (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 77:5 in the phrase שֽׁמֻרוֹת עֵינָי, ‘my eyelids’). NH 2 safety bolt. [Derived from שׁמר ᴵ and so called from its guarding the eye; related to Syr. תַּמֽרָא, JAram. תִּמּוּרֽתָּא (= eyelid), which show the same sense development. cp. שְׁמוּרָה ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁמוּרָה ᴵᴵ m.n. NH reserve, reservation. [From שׁמר ᴵ, hence derivatively identical with שֽׁמוּרָה ᴵ.]

שִׁמּוּרִי adj. NH conservative, preservative. [Formed from שִׁמּוּר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שִׁמּוּרִים m.n. pl. watching vigil (in the Bible occurring twice, Ex. 12:42 in the phrase לֵיל שִׁמֻּרִים, ‘a night of watching’). [From שׁמר ᴵ.]

שִׁמּוּשׁ m.n. PBH 1 service. 2 use, usage. [From שׁמשׁ.] Derivative: שִׁמּוּשִׁי.

שִׁמּוּשִׁי adj. MH 1 useful, serviceable. 2 practical. [Formed from שִׁמּוּשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁמּוּשִׁיּוּת.

שִׁמּוּשִׁיּוּת f.n. NH 1 usefulness. 2 practicalness. [Formed from שִׁמּוּשִׁי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁמוֹת the Book of Exodus. [Properly pl. of שֵׁם (q.v.).]

שַׁמּוּתִי adj. PBH pertaining to the school of Shammai (who took a rigorous point of view in halakhic matters, in contradistinction to the school of Hillel, who was usually lenient in religious questions). [Formed from the name of שַׁמַּאי with suff. ◌ִי. The usual derivation of שַׁמּוּתִי from JAram. שַׁמְתָּא (= ban), according to which it would mean ‘banned, excommunicated’, is rejected by most scholars.]

שׂמח to be glad, rejoice.
    — Qal - שָׂמַח 1 he was glad, rejoiced; 2 he exulted.
    — Pi. - שִׂמַּח he caused to rejoice, gladdened.
    — Pu. - שֻׂמַּח was gladdened, was made happy.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂמִיחַ he caused to rejoice, gladdened (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 89:43 in the form הִשֽׂמַחְתָּ). [Ugar. shmḫ (= to be glad, rejoice), Arab. shamaḫa (= was high, was proud), from Akka. shamāḫu (= to sprout, flourish). See צמח. For sense development cp. Eng. elated, high time, and Ger. Hochzeit (= wedding; lit.: ‘high time’).] Derivatives: שָׂמֵחַ, שָׂמוּחַ, שִׂמּוּחַ, שִׂמֽחָה, שִׂמְחָן, מְשַׂמֵּחַ.

שָׂמֵֽחַ adj. 1 glad, joyous, cheerful, happy. PBH 2 causing joy. [Verbal adj. of שָׂמַח; see שׂמח.]

שִׂמְחָה f.n. 1 joy, gladness, merriment, mirth. PBH 2 joyful occasion, festivity. [From שׂמח. cp. Ugar. shmḫt (= joy, gladness), from shmḫ (= to be glad, rejoice), hence the exact equivalent of Heb. שִׂמֽחָה.]

שִׂמְחָן m.n. MH a cheerful person. [Formed from שׂמח with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שׁמט to let drop; to draw away; to slip off.
    — Qal - שָׁמַט 1 he let drop, let fall; let loose, loosened, detached; 2 he let (a field) fallow; 3 he slipped, stumbled. PBH 4 he slipped off, detached, dismounted.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁמַט 1 was thrown down, was overthrown, was dropped; PBH 2 slipped away, slipped off, was detached, was dislocated; PBH 3 the laws of the ‘shemittah’ year applied to it; NH 4 was missed, was omitted, was left out, was elided, slipped from.
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּט PBH 1 he imposed the laws of ‘shemittah’ on; PBH 2 he pulled out (plants); NH 3 he let go, released from a debt; 4 he caused cessation of field labor.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּמֵּט 1 he slided off, fell off; 2 was dislocated; 3 he shirked, evaded, escaped, got out by a subterfuge (cp. JAram. אִשֽׁטֽמֵיט, which has the same meanings).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁמִיט 1 he caused to let drop (in the Bible used only Deut. 15:13, in the phrase הִשֽׁמִיט יָדוֹ, ‘he caused his hand to let drop’); PBH 2 he omitted, left out; NH 3 he removed.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁמַט it was left out, was omitted. [Aram. שְׁמַט (= he loosed, pulled away), Syr. שְׁמַט (= he drew, unsheathed a sword, drew, pulled away), Arab. samaṭa, sammaṭa (= ‘he released a debtor’ — however, this is prob. a Heb. loan word), Akka. shamāṭu (= to declare invalid).] Derivatives: שֶׁמֶט, שֽׁמִטָּה, שַׁמְטָן, שָׁמוּט, שָׁמִיט, שְׁמִיטָה, שְׁתַמְּטָן, הֶשְׁמֵט, הַשְׁמָטָה, הִשָּׁמְטוּת, הִשְׁתַּמְּטוּת, מַשְׁמוֹט, מַשְׁמֵט, מֻשְׁמָט, מִשְׁתַּמֵּט.

שֶֽׁמֶט m.n. NH prolapse. [From שׁמט.]

שְׁמִטָּה f.n. (pl. שֽׁמִטּוֹת, also שְׁמִטִּין) 1 omission of debts, remission, release. PBH 2 Sabbatical year (short for Biblical שְׁנַת־הַשְּׁמִטָּה). [From שָׁמַט; see שׁמט. cp. שְׁמִיטָה.]

שַׁמְטָן m.n. NH bankrupt, insolvent. [Formed from שָׁמַט (see שׁמט) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שֵׁמִי ᴵ adj. NH nominal. [Formed from שֵׁם (= name; see שֵׁם ᴵ), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שֵׁמִי ᴵᴵ adj. NH Semitic. [Formed from ‘Shem’ (see שֵׁם ᴵᴵ) with suff. ◌ִי. cp. אַנְטִישֵׁמִי.] Derivative: שֵׁמִיּוּת.

שְׁמַיָּא m.n. PBH (emphatic pl.) heaven, sky. [Aram., related to Heb. שָׁמַיִם (q.v.).]

שֵׁמִיּוּת f.n. NH Semitism. [Formed from שֵׁמִי ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁמִיט adj. NH detachable, demountable, dismountable. [Coined from שָׁמַט (= he detached; see שׁמט), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: שְׁמִיטוּת.

שְׁמִיטָה f.n. PBH 1 drawing of a sword, drawing, pulling away. 2 שֽׁמִטָּה (q.v.). [Verbal n. of שָׁמַט. See שׁמט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁמִיטוּת f.n. NH detachability, demountability, dismountability. [Formed from שָׁמִיט with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׂמִיכָה f.n. blanket (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 4:18). [Prob. the same as סֽמִיכָה (= support). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁמַֽיִם m.n. pl. 1 visible heavens, sky. 2 Heaven, abode of God. 3 (fig.) God. [Related to Phoen. שמם, OAram. שמין, Aram. (also BAram.), Egypt. and Syr. שְׁמַיָּא, Samar. שומיא, Ugar. shmn (= heaven, sky), proper name בעלשמם (transliterated by Philo into Beelsamen), Arab. samā’, OSArab. שׂמו, שׂמה, Ethiop. samay, Akka. shamū, pl. shamē, also shamāmu, shamai, TA shamūma, shamēma (= heaven, sky). The orig. meaning of these words is prob. ‘high place, height’. cp. Aram. and Syr. שֽׁמַיָּא, which besides ‘heaven, sky’, also mean ‘height, highest part; ceiling, roof’; Arab. samā (= was high, was lofty; rose high), sumūw (= height, altitude); Akka. shamai in the meaning ‘roof’; Talmudic Heb. שֽׁמֵי קוֹרָה (= ceiling, roof).] Derivative: שֽׁמֵימִי.

שְׁמֵימִי adj. MH heavenly, celestial. [Formed from שָׁמַיִם with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁמִינִי adj. eighth (adj.). [From שְׁמֹנָה.]

שְׁמִינִיָּה f.n. NH 1 octave (music). 2 octette. [Formed from שְׁמִינִי with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

שְׁמִינִית ᴵ f.n. one eighth. [Properly f. of שְׁמִינִי, used as a noun.]

שְׁמִינִית ᴵᴵ f.n. 1 a musical instrument, prob. of eight strings. NH 2 an octave (music). [Properly f. of שֽׁמִינִי, used as a noun.]

שָׁמִֽיעַ adj. NH audible. [Coined from שָׁמַע (= he heard; see שׁמע), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: שֽׁמִיעוּת.

שְׁמִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 hearing. NH 2 listening. NH 3 good ear. [Verbal n. of שָׁמַע. See שׁמע and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: שְׁמִיעָתִי.

שְׁמִיעוּת f.n. MH audibility. [Formed from שָׁמִיעַ (= audible), with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁמִיעָתִי adj. NH auditory. [Formed from שְׁמִיעָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁמִיר ᴵ m.n. Christ’s thorn (mostly occurring together with, שַׁיִת, q.v.). [Related to JAram. שַׁמָּרָא, שֻׁמָּרָא (= fennel), Arab. samur. cp. שֻׁמָּר.]

שָׁמִיר ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 smiris corundum, adamant, diamond, emery (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 17:1; Ezek. 3:9; Zech. 7:12). 2 ‘shamir’ (a legendary worm or stone created on the Sabbath eve that could cut any stone). [Related to Syr. שָׁמִירָא (= adamant; emery), Arab. sammūr. שָׁמִיר ᴵᴵ is prob. a special sense development of שָׁמִיר ᴵ and properly denotes orig. a thorn or prickle used as a point for engraving. cp. Jer. 17:1: חַטַּאת יְהוּדָה כְּתוּבָה בְּעֵט בֵּרְזֶל בְּצִפֹּרֶן שָׁמִיר, ‘The sin of Judah is written with a pen of iron, and with the point of a diamond’. Gk. smiris (= emery powder) — whence Gk. smeri, whence It. smeriglio, whence Fren. émeri, whence Eng. emery — is prob. borrowed from שָׁמִיר ᴵᴵ. cp. ‘emery’ in my CEDEL.]

שָׁמִיר ᴵᴵᴵ adj. NH conservable, preservable. [Coined from שָׁמַר (= he kept, conserved, preserved; see שׁמר ᴵ), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to denote capability or fitness.]

שְׁמִירָה f.n. PBH 1 guarding, watching. PBH 2 keeping, conserving, preserving. MH 3 amulet. [Verbal n. of שָׁמַר. See שׁמר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁמִישׁ adj. NH usable, serviceable. [Coined from שׁמשׁ (= to use, service), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, used in NH to denote capability or fitness.] Derivative: שְׁמִישׁוּת.

שְׁמִישׁוּת f.n. NH usability, serviceability. [Formed from שָׁמִישׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֶֽׁמֶךְ m.n. NH trout. [From Arab. samaq (= fish).]

שִׁמְכּוּר m.n. resale. [Verbal n. of שִׁמְכֵּר, Pi. of שׁמכר.]

שׁמכר to resell.
    — Shiph. - שִׁמְכֵּר he resold.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁמְכַּר was resold. [From מכר (= to sell).] Derivative: שִׁמְכּוּר.

שִׂמְלָה f.n. garment, mantle. [Related to Arab. shamla (= cloak), whence prob., through back formation, shamala (= he wrapped, enveloped). According to some scholars the nouns שִׂמְלָה and Arab. shamla developed from the verb שׂמל, resp. Arab. shamala. cp. שַׂלְמָה.] Derivatives: שִׂמֽלֹנֶת, שִׂמֽלָנִית.

שִׂמְלֹֽנֶת f.n. NH a small garment. [Formed from שִׂמֽלָה with dimin. suff. ◌ֹֽנֶת.]

שִׂמְלָנִית f.n. NH skirt. [Formed from שִׂמֽלָה with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

שׁמם to be desolated; to be appalled.
    — Qal - שָׁמַם 1 was desolated, was deserted; 2 was appalled, was horrified.
    — Niph. - נָשַׁם 1 was destroyed, was ruined, was desolated; 2 was appalled, was horrified.
    — Pol. - שׁוֹמֵם 1 he appalled, caused horror; 2 he was appalled, was horrified.
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּם he appalled, dazed.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתּוֹמֵם 1 he was appalled, was astounded; 2 was astonished, was amazed; PBH 3 became desolate, became empty.
    — Hith. - הִשּׁוֹמֵם he caused himself desolation, caused himself ruin.
    — Hiph. - הֵשֵׁם, הִשִּׁים 1 he destroyed, devastated, made desolate; 2 he appalled, astounded.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁמִים 1 he appalled, astounded; 2 was appalled, was astounded.
    — Hoph. - הוּשַׁם, הָשַׁם 1 was destroyed, was devastated, was made desolate; 2 was appalled, was horrified (Job 21:5). [Aram. שְׁמַם, BAram. and JAram. אֶשְׁתּוֹמַם (= was appalled, was dazed). cp. ישׁם.] Derivatives: שָׁמֵם, שַׁמָּה, שְׁמָמָה, שִׁמְמָה, שִׁמָּמוֹן, שִׁמֽמוּת, שָׁמוּם, שׁוֹמֵם, שִׁמּוּם, שׁוֹמְמָה, הִשֽׁתּוֹמְמוּת, מְשַׁמָּה, מַשְׁמִים.

שָׁמֵם adj. devastated, desolate. [From שׁמם.]

שִׁמֵּם adj. PBH crazy, demented, insane. [Contraction of שִׁעְמֵם, from שׁעמם (= to make dull, stupefy). For a similar contraction cp. מֽשֻׁמָּד (= apostate), which is shortened from מֽשׁוּעֽמָד. See שׁמד ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁמָמָה f.n. 1 waste, ruin, desolation. 2 horror, terror, alarm. [From שׁמם. cp. שִׁמְמָה.]

שִׁמְמָה f.n. waste, ruin, desolation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 35:7). [A secondary form of שְׁמָמָה.]

שִׁמָּמוֹן m.n. appalment, horror (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 4:16; 12:19). [From שׁמם.]

שִׁמְמוּת f.n. NH 1 depression. 2 waste, ruin, desolation. [From שׁמם.]

שְׂמָמִית f.n. gecko — a kind of a lizard (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 30:28). [Together with JAram.–Syr. סֽמָמִית, of uncertain origin. Prob. derived from שׂמם (= to be poisonous or venomous) — whence Aram. סַם, Arab. samm (= poison) — and lit. meaning ‘a poisonous (lizard)’. This etymology gains in probability in that Arab. sāmm denotes a kind of poisonous snake and is properly the act. part. of samma (= to poison), used as a noun. If this etymology is correct, the meaning of שְׂמָמִית cannot be gecko — as usually assumed — because the gecko is a harmless kind of lizard.]

שׁמן ᴵ to become or be fat.
    — Qal - שָׁמַן he grew or was fat (in the Bible occurring only Deut. 32:15 and Jer. 5:28).
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּן PBH 1 he oiled, greased, lubricated; MH 2 he made fat, fattened.
    — Pu. - שֻׁמַּן NH 1 was oiled, was greased, was lubricated; MH 2 became fat.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתַּמֵּן MH 1 he grew fat; NH 2 was oiled, was greased, was lubricated.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁמִין 1 he made fat, fattened; 2 he grew fat. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁמֵן (= grew or was fat), Arab. samina(= was fat), Pun. שמן, Palm. שמנא (= oil), Akka. shamnu (= fat, oil).] Derivatives: שָׁמֵן, שֶׁמֶן, שֹׁמֶן, שֻׁמָּן, שַׁמָּן, שַׁמָּנֶת, הַשְׁמָנָה, הִשְׁתַּמּֽנוּת, מַשְׁמָן, מִשֽׁמָן, מְשֻׁמָּן ᴵ.

שׁמן ᴵᴵ base of שְׁמֹנֶה (= eight). [See שְׁמֹנֶה and words there referred to.]

שׁמן ᴵᴵᴵ to assess, appraise, evaluate, estimate.
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּן he assessed, appraised, estimated. [Arab. thaman (= price, cost, value), thammana (= he assessed, appraised, estimated).]

שָׁמֵן adj. 1 fat. 2 stout, robust. NH 3 thick. [From שׁמן ᴵ.] Derivatives: שֽׁמַנְמַן, שַׁמְנוּת.

שֶֽׁמֶן m.n. 1 oil. 2 fatness. 3 olive oil. [From שׁמן ᴵ, whence also Pun. שׁמן, Palm. שׁמנא (= oil).] Derivative: שַׁמֽנִי. cp. שַׁמֶּנֶת.

שֹֽׁמֶן m.n. PBH 1 fat, fat substance. MH 2 fatness. [From שׁמן ᴵ, whence also Aram.–Syr. שׁוּמֽנָא (= fat, fatness), Akka. shamnu (= fat). cp. שֻׁמָּן.]

שֻׁמָּן m.n. PBH 1 fat substance. NH 2 fat (as one of the main components of human and animal nourishment). [A collateral form of שֹׁמֶן.]

שַׁמָּן m.n. NH oil vendor. [Nomen opificis coined from שֶׁמֶן (= oil), according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. Arab. sammān (= butter merchant), a nomen opificis formed from samina (= was fat).]

שְׁמֹנֶה, שְׁמוֹנֶה f. adj. eight. [From שׁמן ᴵᴵ. Related to Phoen. שמן, Aram.–Syr. תּֽמָנֵי (f.), תְּמַנֽיָא (f.); Ugar. tmn (f.), tmnt (m.); Arab. thamānin (f.), thamānia (m.); Ethiop. samanī (f.), samānītū (m.); Akka. samānū (f.), samāntū (m.) (= eight).] Derivatives: שְׁמֹנִים, שֽׁמוֹנָתַיִם, שְׁמִינִי, מְשֻׁמָּן ᴵᴵ. cp. the second element in מַרֽחֶשְׁוָן. cp. also תְּמַנֽיָא and words there referred to.

שְׁמֹנָה, שְׁמוֹנָה m. adj. eight. [See שְׁמֹנֶה.]

שַׁמְנוּנִי adj. NH fat. [Coined by H.N. Bialik (1873–1934) from שָׁמֵן (= fat), on the analogy of adjectives like לַבְנוּנִי (= whitish) from לָבָן (= white).] Derivative: שַׁמְנוּנִיּוּת.

שַׁמְנוּנִיּוּת f.n. NH oiliness, fattiness. [Formed from שַׁמְנוּנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁמְנוּנִית f.n. PBH oily substance, fat, grease. [Dimin. formed from שֶׁמֶן (= oil; fatness), through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית. cp. שַׁמֽנוּנִי.]

שַׁמְנוּת f.n. MH fatness, adiposity. [Formed from שָׁמֵן (= fat), with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁמְנִי adj. MH containing oil, oily. [Formed from שֶׁמֶן (= oil), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שֵׁמָנִי adj. NH nominal. [Formed from שֵׁם (= name; see שֵׁם ᴵ), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שְׁמַנְמַן adj. NH fattish. [Dimin. formed from שָׁמֵן (= fat), through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

שְׁמֹנִים, שְׁמוֹנִים adj. eighty. [Properly pl. of שְׁמֹנָה (= eight). cp. Aram. תּֽמָנָן, Syr. תֶּמָנִין, Arab. thamānūn (= eighty).]

שַׁמֶּֽנֶת f.n. NH oleate, cream. [Formed from שֶׁמֶן (= oil), or שֻׁמָּן (= fat), with suff. ◌ֶת.]

שְׁמֹנָתְַיִם adv. eightfold. [Formed from שְׁמֹנֶה (= eight), on the analogy of אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם (= fourfold), שִׁבְעָתַיִם (= sevenfold), שְׁלָשְׁתַּיִם (= threefold).]

שׁמע to hear.
    — Qal - שָׁמַע 1 he heard; 2 he heard with interest; 3 he hearkened, listened to; 4 he fulfilled one’s advice.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁמַע 1 was heard; 2 was listened to; 3 was understood; 4 was obeyed.
    — Pi. - שִׁמַּע he assembled, summoned, (lit.: ‘he caused to hear; 2 he made a proclamation, announced; 3 he assembled, summoned.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁמַע was made to hear, was proclaimed. [Phoen. שמע, Moab. in משמעת, Aram., BAram. and Syr. שֽׁמַע (= he heard), Ugar. shm‘ (= to hear), Arab. sami‘a, Ethiop. sam‘a (= he heard), Akka. shemū (= to hear).] Derivatives: שֵׁמַע, שֶׁמַע, שֹׁמַע, שְׁמַע, שָׁמְעָה, שַׁמְעָן, שָׁמוּעַ, שִׁמּוּעַ, שְׁמִיעַ, שָׁמִיעַ, שְׁמִיעָה, הַשְׁמָעָה, הַשְׁמָעוּת, הִשְׁתַּמְּעוּת, מִשְׁמָע, מַשְׁמָע, מַשְׁמָעוּת, מִשְׁמַעַת. cp. שְׁמַעְתָּא.

שֵֽׁמַע m.n. 1 hearing. 2 report. [From שׁמע.] Derivative: שִׁמְעִי.

שֶֽׁמַע m.n. sound, sonority (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 105:5). [From שׁמע.]

שֹֽׁמַע m.n. report; fame. [From שׁמע.]

שְׁמַע m.n. ‘Shema’ — the three biblical passages (Deut. 6:4–9, 11:13–21, Num. 15:37–41), proclaiming the belief in the unity of God.

שָׁמְעָה f.n. hearing, listening, obeying (in the Bible occurring only Is. 30:19). [Properly inf. of שָׁמַע (= he heard; see שׁמע). For other infinitives ending in ◌ָה and used as nouns see אַהֲבָה and words there referred to.]

שִׁמְעִי adj. MH pertaining to hearing, auditory. [Formed from שֵׁמַע with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁמְעָן m.n. NH hearer. [Formed from שָׁמַע (see שׁמע) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שְׁמַעְתָּא, שְׁמַעְתְּתָא f.n. PBH 1 report, tradition. 2 traditional law. 3 decision. [JAram., from שְׁמַע (= he heard), which is related to Heb. שָׁמַע (of s.m.). See שׁמע.]

שַׁמְפּוּ m.n. FW shampoo. [Eng. shampoo, from Hindustani chāmpo, imper. of chāmpnā (= to knead, press, massage, shampoo).]

שַׁמְפַּנְיָה f.n. FW champagne. [Fren. champagne, abbreviation of vin de Champagne (= wine made in the province of Champagne), a name derived from Late L. campānia (= plain, open country), from L. campus (= flat space; plain, open field). See ‘campaign’ in my CEDEL.]

שֶֽׁמֶץ m.n. a word of uncertain meaning, occurring in the Bible Job 4:12 and usually rendered by ‘particle, a small bit’, or by ‘whisper’. [According to Tur-Sinai it means ‘terror, suspicion, inculpation’, to which may be added ‘calumny’. Tur-Sinai refers to the fact that שִׁמְצָה (q.v.) can only denote something ‘shameful or disgraceful’, and that שֶׁמֶץ and שִׁמְצָא in the Talmud and the Targums are always used in a pejorative sense, and renders שֶׁמֶץ by ‘terror’, and שִׁמְצָה by ‘abhorrence, abomination’, and connects these words with Arab. shamiṣa (= he was precipitate in speaking — in which phrase, however, the stress is on the precipitation and not on the speaking), tashammaṣa, tashammaza (= he started back, shrank back, recoiled out of fright or terror), and with other derivatives of base sh-m-ṣ.] Derivative: שׁמץ, prob. also שִׁמְצָה.

שׁמץ to slander, calumniate.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁמִיץ he defamed, slandered, calumniated, cast aspersion on.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁמַץ was defamed, was slandered, was calumniated, aspersion was cast on.
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּץ he defamed, slandered, calumniated, cast aspersion on.
    — Pu. - שֻׁמַּץ was defamed, was slandered, was calumniated, aspersion was cast on.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּמֵּץ (of s.m.). [Denominated from שֶׁמֶץ or שִׁמְצָה.] Derivatives: שַׁמְּצָן, שַׁמְּצָנִי, הַשְׁמָצָה, הִשְׁתַּמְּצוּת, מַשְׁמִיץ, מֻשְׁמָץ.

שִׁמְצָה f.n. abhorrence, abomination, disgrace (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 32:25). [Prob. a collateral form of שֶׁמֶץ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁמְּצָן m.n. NH defamer, slanderer, calumniator. [Formed from שִׁמֵּץ, Pi. of שׁמץ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שַׁמְּצָנִי adj. NH defamatory, slandering, calumniating. [Formed from שַׁמְּצָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁמר ᴵ to keep, to heed, watch over, guard, to observe.
    — Qal - שָׁמַר 1 he kept; 2 he heeded, watched over, guarded; 3 he preserved, protected; 4 he observed, celebrated.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁמַר 1 he took heed, was careful; PBH 2 was kept, was guarded.
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּר 1 he paid regard; PBH 2 he watched, guarded; PBH 3 he took care.
    — Pu. - שֻׁמַּר (mostly used in the part. מֽשֻׁמָּר) was watched, was guarded.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּמֵּר 1 he took care, took heed; 2 was kept, was observed. [Phoen. in proper names, Pun. שמר (= watchman), Mand. סמירא (= preserved), Ugar. shmr (= to watch, guard), Arab. thamala (= he supported, aided, protected), thumāla (= residue, remnant, dregs of a liquid; see שְׁמָרִים), Akka. shamāru (= to wait upon, attend).] Derivatives: שֶׁמֶר ᴵ, שֶׁמֶר ᴵᴵ, שָׁמְרָה, שְׁמָרִים, שַׁמּֽרָן, שָׁמוּר, שִׁמּוּר ᴵ, שְׁמוּרָה ᴵ, שְׁמוּרָה ᴵᴵ, שִׁמּוּרִים, שָׁמִיר ᴵᴵᴵ, שְׁמִירָה, שׁוֹמֵר, שׁוֹמֵרָה, אַשְׁמוּרָה, אַשְׁמֹרֶת, הִשָּׁמְרוּת, הִשְׁתַּמְּרוּת, מִשְׁמָר, מְשַׁמֵּר, מְשֻׁמָּר, מִשְׁמָרָה, מִשְׁמֶרֶת, מִשְׁמֹרֶת, תִּשְׁמֹרֶת. cp. the first element in שְׁמַרְחֹם and in שְׁמַרְטַף.

שׁמר ᴵᴵ to strain, filter (lit.: ‘to remove the dregs from the wine’).
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּר he strained, filtered.
    — Pu. - שֻׁמַּר was strained, was filtered. [Denominated from שְׁמָרִים (= lees, dregs, sediment).] Derivatives: שִׁמּוּר ᴵᴵ, מֽשַׁמֶּרֶת.

שֶֽׁמֶר ᴵ m.n. (used only in the pl. שְׁמָרִים; q.v.).

שֶֽׁמֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. MH watching, guarding. [From שׁמר ᴵ.]

שֻׁמָּר m.n. PBH fennel. [From Aram. שֻׁמָּרָא, which is related to Syr. שַׁמָּרָא and שׁוּמָרָא, whence Mod. Arab. shimār,sham̄r, shummāra (= fennel). cp. שָׁמִיר ᴵ.]

שָׁמְרָה f.n. watch, guard (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 141:3). [Properly inf. of שָׁמַר (= he watched, guarded; see שׁמר ᴵ). For other infinitives ending in ◌ָה and used as nouns see אַהֲבָה and words there referred to.]

שְׁמַרְחֹם m.n. NH thermos, vacuum bottle. [Compounded of שָׁמַר (= he kept; see שׁמר ᴵ), and חֹם (= heat).]

שְׁמַרְטַף m.n. NH babysitter. [Compounded of שָׁמַר (= he kept, watched, guarded; see שׁמר ᴵ), and טַף (= children).]

שְׁמָרִים m.n. pl. lees, dregs, sediment. [From שׁמר ᴵ. cp. Arab. thamala (= Heb. שָׁמַר), ‘he supported, aided, protected’, whence thumāla, thamūla (= residue, remnant, dregs — of a liquid). According to several scholars שְׁמָרִים does not derive from שׁמר ᴵ, but from another, independent, base שׁמר.]

שַׁמְּרָן m.n. NH a conservative. [Formed from שִׁמֵּר, Pi. of שׁמר, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שַׁמְּרָנוּת, שַׁמְּרָנִי.

שַׁמְּרָנוּת f.n. NH conservatism. [Formed from שַׁמּֽרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁמְּרָנִי adj. NH conservative. [Formed from שַׁמְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁמַרְקָע m.n. PBH truffle, mushroom. [Prob. from Pers. smārugh.]

שׁמשׁ to serve, attend, minister, wait upon, function, officiate.
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּשׁ 1 he served, attended; 2 he officiated, functioned; 3 he ministered, waited upon; 4 he played a role; 5 he performed marital duty.
    — Pu. - שֻׁמַּשׁ was used.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּמֵּשׁ PBH 1 he made use of, availed himself of, exploited; NH 2 became used. [Prob. borrowed from BAram. or JAram. שַׁמֵּשׁ (= Syr. שַׁמֵּשׁ, Chr.-Pal. and Samar. שׁמשׁ). Of uncertain origin. Several scholars see in שׁמשׁ a shortened form of base שׁמשׁם (= to be quick, be swift, run), whence also Arab. samsama (= he ran, was active, was busy, was industrious), sumsum, susmān (= the red ant), Aram. שֻׁמְשְׁמָנָא, whence through metathesis שֻׁשְׁמָנָא (= ant; lit.: ‘the swift or nimble insect’). The noun שֶׁמֶשׁ (= sun), prob. also derives from base שׁמשׁ in the above sense and lit. denotes ‘the running or wandering celestial body’, or is perhaps so called in allusion to its quivering beams. Other scholars, on the contrary, see in שַׁמֵּשׁ a verb denominated from שֶׁמֶשׁ (= sun); according to them שַׁמֵּשׁ would have meant orig. ‘to serve (or worship) the sun’, whence, through sense enlargement, would have developed the meaning ‘to serve (in general)’. Still others see in שׁמשׁ a loan word from Egypt. shmsy (= to follow, serve), whence shmśw, Coptic shemshe (= servant).] Derivatives: שַׁמָּשׁ, שַׁמֶּשֶׁת, שִׁמּוּשׁ, שָׁמִישׁ, הִשְׁתַּמְּשׁוּת, מְשַׁמֵּשׁ, מְשֻׁמָּשׁ, תַּשְׁמִישׁ.

שַׁמָּשׁ m.n. PBH 1 servant, attendant, waiter, caretaker (of a school, etc.). PBH 2 virile member. MH 3 auxiliary candle for lighting the Hanukkah lamps. [From JAram. שַׁמָּשָׁא, emphatic state of שַׁמָּשׁ (whence also Arab. shammās, ‘christian deacon’), nomen opificis formed from שִׁמֵּשׁ (= he served, attended), according to the pattern פַּעָל.] Derivatives: שַׁמָּשׁוּת, שַׁמֶּשֶׁת.

שֶֽׁמֶשׁ m. & f.n. (pl. שְׁמָשׁוֹת) sun. [Related to Phoen. שמש, BAram. שִׁמֽשָׁא, OAram. and Palm. שמש, Mand. שאמיש, שׁאמשׁא, Modern Syr. shimsha, Modern Aram., and Egypt.–Aram. סמשא, Arab. shams, OSArab. שׁמשׂ, Akka. shamshu, Ugar. shpsh (= sun). For the probable etymology of these nouns see שׁמשׁ.] Derivatives: שִׁמֽשָׁה, שִׁמְשׁוֹן, שִׁמְשׁוֹנִית, שִׁמֽשִׁי, שִׁמְשִׁיָּה. cp. base שׁמשׁ.

שִׁמְשָׁה f.n. 1 sun disk (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 54:12). MH 2 windowpane. [Prob. a nomen unitas formed from שֶׁמֶשׁ. See second suff. ◌ָה, and cp. the related Arab. shamsa, Akka. shamshatu (= sun disk).]

שִׁמְשׁוֹן m.n. NH rockrose, Helianthenum (botany). [Formed from שֶׁמֶשׁ (= sun), with suff. ◌וֹן. cp. the scientific name Modern L. Helianthemum, which is compounded of Gk. helios (= sun) and anthos (= flower). cp. Biblical Heb. proper name שִׁמְשׁוֹן (= Samson).]

שֻׁמְשׁוּק see שׁוּמְשׁוּק.

שַׁמָּשׁוּת f.n. MH caretaking, caretaker’s work. [Formed from שַׁמָּשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׁמְשִׁי adj. MH 1 sunny. NH 2 solar. [Formed from שֶׁמֶשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שִׁמְשִׁיָּה f.n. NH sunshade, parasol, umbrella. [Formed from שֶׁמֶשׁ with suff. ◌ִיָּה. cp. Arab. shamsiyya (= sunshade, parasol; umbrella), from shams (= sun).]

שֻׁמְשֹׁם m.n. PBH (pl. שֻׁמְשֽׁמִין) sesame. [Together with Aram. שֻׁמְשְׁמָא, Syr. שַׁשֽׁמָא, שֶׁשֽׁמָא, Arab. simsim, borrowed from Akka. shamashamu (= sesame). Gk. sesamon — whence L. sēsamum — is a Sem. loan word. See ‘sesame’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: שֻׁמְשְׁמָנִי, שֻׁמְשְׁמָנִית.

שֻׁמְשְׁמָנִי adj. NH sesamoid. [Formed from שֻׁמְשֹׁם with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שֻׁמְשְׁמָנִית f.n. NH sesame cake. [Formed from שֻׁמֽשֹׁם with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

שַׁמֶּֽשֶׁת f.n. NH tender (navy). [Formed from שַׁמָּשׁ with suff. ◌ֶת.]

שׁמת to excommunicate, ban.
    — Pi. - שִׁמֵּת he excommunicated, banned (in the Talmud occurring only in Aramaic).
    — Pu. - שֻׁמַּת was excommunicated, was banned.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁמַת (of s.m.). [Denominated from שַׁמְתָּא.] Derivative: מְשֻׁמָּת.

שַׁמְתָּא, שַׁמְתָּה f.n. PBH (pl. שַׁמְתּוֹת) excommunication, ban. [Of uncertain origin; possibly related to Arab. shamita (= he rejoiced at the misfortune of someone), shammata (= he anathematized, banned).] Derivative: שׁמת.

שֵׁן f.n. (dual שִׁנַּיִם) 1 tooth. 2 point, peak. 3 ivory. 4 the damage done by an animal through eating. [From שׁנן (= to sharpen). Related to BAram. (dual) שַׁנַּיִן, Aram. שֵׁן, שִׁנָּא, Syr. שֶׁנָּא, Modern Syr. shinā, Modern Aram. shanna, Mand. שינא, Arab. sinn, Ethiop. senn (= tooth). cp. the first element in שֶׁנְהָב.] Derivatives: מְשֻׁנָּן ᴵᴵ, מְשֻׁנְשָׁן, prob. also שׁוּנִית, שֻׁנִּית (see שׁוּנִית), שְׁנוּנִית, שִׁנּוּן ᴵᴵ, שִׁנִּי, שִׁנָּן ᴵ, שִׁנָּן ᴵᴵ, שִׁנָּנִי.

שׂנא to hate.
    — Qal - שָׂנֵא he hated.
    — Niph. - נִשְׂנָא was hated.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂנִיא he caused to be hated, made hateful.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׂנָא was made hateful.
    — Pi. - שִׂנֵּא he hated violently (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 139:21).
    — Hith. - הִשְׂתַּנֵּא he became hateful. [BAram. שְׂנָא, JAram. שְׂנָא, סְנָא, Syr. and New Syr. סְנָא (= he hated), Aram. סָנְאָה, Syr. סָנָאא (= hater), Samaritan part. סנ(א), Mand. part. סאנא (= hating), Arab. shani‘a (= he hated), OSArab. שׁנא (= to hate).] Derivatives: שׂוֹנֵא, שָׂנוּא, שָׂנְאוּי, שָׂנוּי, שָׂנִיא, שִׂנְאָה, הַשְׂנָאָה, מְשַׂנֵּא.

שׁנא to change.
    — Qal - שָׁנָא it changed.
    — Pi. - שִׁנָּא he changed.
    — Pu. - שֻׁנָּא was changed. [A secondary form of שׁנה ᴵᴵ.]

שִׂנְאָה f.n. hatred, hate, enmity. [Properly inf. of שָׂנֵא (= he hated). For other infinitives ending in ◌ָה and used as nouns see אַהֲבָה and words there referred to.] Derivatives: שִׂנְאֲתָנוּת, שִׂנְאֲתָנִי.

שָׂנאוּי adj. PBH hated. [A secondary form of שָׂנוּא. cp. שָׂנוּי.]

שַׁנַּאי m.n. NH transformer (electricity). [Formed from שִׁנָּה (= he changed, transformed), Pi. of שׁנה ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁנַאי m.n. NH 1 reprise (music). [Formed from שׁנה ᴵ.]

שִׁנְאָן m.n. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 68:18 in the phrase אַלְפֵי שִׁנֽאָן). [Of uncertain origin and meaning. Most scholars derive שִׁנְאָן from שׁנה ᴵ and accordingly render it by ‘repetition’, so that אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָן would mean ‘thousands of repetition’, i.e. ‘thousands of thousands’. Others connect it with Arab. saniya (= was high in rank), and translate שִׁנְאָן by ‘highness’. The meaning ‘angel’, in which the word שִׁנְאָן is used in the liturgical poetry of the Middle Ages, may be traceable to this latter derivation.]

שִׂנְאֲתָנוּת f.n. NH hostility. [Formed from שִׂנְאָה with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

שִׂנְאֲתָנִי adj. hostile. [Formed from שִׂנְאָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שָׁנָה f.n. (dual שְׁנָתַיִם, pl. שָׁנִים) year. [Related to BAram. שְׁנָה, JAram. שְׁנָא, שַׁתָּא, שִׁנְתָא, Syr. שַׁתָּא, Chr.-Pal. shatta, shetta, Mand. שׁי(ד)תא, שנאת, Modern Aram. eshna, Arab. sana, Akka. shattu (= year). All these words are prob. connected with Heb. שָׁנָה (= he changed; see שׁנה ᴵᴵ) and its correspondences and prob. meant orig. ‘change; period of changing seasons’.] Derivatives: שְׁנָתוֹן, שְׁנָתִּי. cp. שַׁתָּא and the first element in אֶשְׁתָּדָא, אֶשְׁתָּקַד.

שׁנה ᴵ to repeat, do again; to teach.
    — Qal - שָׁנָה 1 he did again, repeated; PBH 2 he learned, studied (special sense development of 1); PBH 3 he taught.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁנָה 1 was done again, was repeated; PBH 2 was learned, was studied.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁנָה he taught, instructed. [Aram. תְּנָא (= he did again, repeated; he taught), Syr. תְּנָא (= he repeated, did again; he recited, recapitulated; he learned), Ugar. tny (= to repeat, to report), Arab. thanā(y) (= he bent, folded, doubled), Ethiop. zēnawa (= he announced), Akka. shanū (= he repeated, related). See base of שְׁנַיִם (= two).] Derivatives: שְׁנַאי, שָׁנוּי, הִשָּׁנוּת, הַשְׁנָיָה, מִשְׁנָה, מִשְׁנֶה. cp. תנה ᴵ. cp. also תַּנָּא and words there referred to.

שׁנה ᴵᴵ to change.
    — Qal - שָׁנָה he changed.
    — Pi. - שִׁנָּה 1 he altered; 2 he perverted (his countenance); 3 he changed his place to another.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּנָּה 1 he disguised himself; PBH 2 he was changed, was different. [BAram. שְׁנָה, JAram. שְׁנָא (= it changed), Egypt.–Aram., Nab., Palm. שׁנא (= it changed), Syr. שְׁנָא (= was altered for the worse; was displaced, was dislocated; was changed in mind, went mad, raved), Akka. shanū (= to change). Prob. base of שָׁנָה (= year). cp. base שׁנא.] Derivatives: שַׁנַּאי, שִׁנּוּי, שִׁנְיוֹן, שִׁנְיָן, שׁוֹנֶה, שֹׁנִי, הִשְׁתַּנּוּת, מְשֻׁנֶּה.

שֵׁנָה f.n. sleep, slumber. [From ישׁן (= to sleep), whence also BAram. שְׁנָה, JAram. שִׁינְתָא and שִׁנְּתָא, Syr. שֶׁנְתָא, Chr.-Pal. שׁינתא, Mand. שׁינתא, Modern Syr. shintā (= sleep). שֵׁנָה is properly subst. use of the inf. of יָשַׁן. cp. the noun לֵדָה (= birth), which is properly inf. of יָלַד (= he begot), to which it stands as שֵׁנָה stands to יָשַׁן.]

שֶׁן־הָאֲרִי f.n. dandelion (botany). [Lit.: ‘lion’s tooth’; loan translation of Fren. dent de lion (= lion’s tooth), whence Eng. dandelion. See שֵׁן and אֲרִי.]

שֶׁנְהַב m.n. ivory (in the Bible occurring only Kin. I 10:22, Chr. II 9:21, in the pl.). [The word שֶׁנְהַב is compounded of שֵׁן (= tooth; see שֵׁן), and הַב, also יֵב (= elephant), properly the same word as Egypt. āb, ābu (= elephant; ivory). The same word appears also in Yebu, original name of the island Elephantine. From Egypt. āb, ābu derives also L. ebur (= ivory), prob. through the medium of the Phoenicians. From L. ebur, eboris comes the adj. eboreus (= of ivory), whence Fren. ivurie, ivoire, whence Eng. ivorie, ivory. cp. the second element in Gk. el-ephas (= elephant). cp. also ‘ivory’ and ‘elephant’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: שֶׁנְהַבִּי, שַׁנֽהֶבֶת.

שֶׁנְהַבִּי adj. NH eburneous, ivorylike, ivory (adj.). [Formed from שֶׁנְהַב with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁנְהֶֽבֶת f.n. NH elephantiasis (disease). [Coined from שֶׁנֽהַב. For the form see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שָׂנוּא adj. hated. [Pass. part. of שָׂנֵא. See שׂנא and cp. שָׂנוּי.]

שָׂנוּי adj. NH hated. [A secondary form of שָׂנוּא. cp. שָׂנאוּי.]

שָׁנוּי adj. PBH 1 said for a second time, repeated. 2 learned, studied. [Pass. part. of שָׁנָה. See שׁנה ᴵ.]

שִׁנּוּי m.n. PBH change, alteration. [Verbal n. of שִׁנָּה (= he changed, altered), Pi. of שׁנה ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁנוּן adj. 1 sharpened, sharp. MH 2 sharpwitted, clever. [Pass. part. of שָׁנַן. See שׁנן.] Derivative: שֽׁנִינוּת.

שִׁנּוּן ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 repetition; teaching. MH 2 sharpening, whetting. [Verbal n. of שִׁנֵּן (= he sharpened, whetted; he repeated), Pi. of שׁנן.]

שִׁנּוּן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH treating the teeth; dentistry. [From שֵׁן (= tooth).]

שְׁנוּנִית f.n. PBH prob. meaning cliff, crag. [Prob. a derivative of שֵׁן (= tooth).]

שִׁנּוּס m.n. NH girding (one’s loins). [Verbal n. of שִׁנֵּס. See שׁנס.]

שִׁנּֽוּעַ m.n. NH transporting, handling. [Verbal n. of שִׁנַּע. See שׁנע.]

שִׁנּוּץ m.n. NH fastening with cords, lacing, tying. [Verbal n. of שְׁנִּץ. See שׁנץ.]

שָׁנוּק adj. NH strangled. [Pass. part. of שָׁנַק; see שׁנק.]

שִׁנּוּק m.n. MH strangulation. [Verbal n. of שִׁנֵּק. See שׁנק.]

שְׁנוֹרְקֶל m.n. FW snorkel. [Ger. Schnorchel (= air intake, snort, snorkel), from schnorchen, a collateral form of schnarchen (= to snore). See ‘snore’ in my CEDEL.]

שְׁנוֹרֶר m.n. FW ‘schnorrer’. [Yiddish, from schnorren (= to go begging; properly ‘to go begging while playing a musical instrument’), from schnurren (= to hum, whir), from Med. Ger. snurren (of s.m.). Of imitative origin.] Derivatives: שְׁנוֹרֵר, שֽׁנוֹרְרוּת.

שְׁנוֹרֵר intr. v. NH to ‘shnor’, go begging (used ironically). [From שֽׁנוֹרֶר.]

שְׁנוֹרְרוּת f.n. NH ‘schnorring’, begging. [Formed from שְׁנוֹרֶר with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׁנּוּת m.n. NH grading, graduation. [Verbal n. of שִׁנֵּת (= he graded, graduated), Pi. of שׁנת.]

שִׁנְטֽוּעַ m.n. NH replantation. [Verbal n. of שִׁנְטַע, Pi. of שׁנטע.]

שַׁנְטָז׳ m.n. FW chantage, blackmail. [Fren. chantage (= blackmail), properly ‘the action of causing a person to sing’, from faire chanter quelqu’un (= to blackmail somebody; lit.: ‘to make somebody sing’), from chanter (= to sing), from L. cantāre (= to sing). See קַנְטָטָה.]

שׁנטע to replant.
    — Shiph. - שִׁנְטַע he replanted.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁנֽטַע was replanted. [Shiph‘el formed from נטע.] Derivative: שִׁנֽטוּעַ.

שָׁנִי m.n. scarlet, crimson. 1 crimson thread. 2 leitmotiv. [Prob. related to Akka. shinitu (= colored matter).] Derivatives: שָׁנִית ᴵ, שָׁנִית ᴵᴵ.

שֵׁנִי adj. second. [From שְׁנַיִם (= two). For the ending see suff. ◌ִי. cp. Aram. תַּנְיָן and Syr. תִּנֽיָנָא.] Derivatives: שֽׁנִיָּה ᴵ, שֵׁנִית, שֽׁנִיּוֹנִי, שֽׁנִיִּי.

שֹֽׁנִי m.n. NH difference, variance. [From שׁנה ᴵ. cp. שִׁנְיוֹן.]

שִׁנִּי adj. NH of the tooth, dental. [Formed from שֵׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׂנִיא adj. hateful (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 21:15 in the form שֽׂנִיאָה). [From שׂנא; synonymous with שָׂנוּא, the pass. part. of שָׂנֵא. For the difference in meaning between the forms פָּעוּל and פָּעִיל cp. שָׁלוּחַ and שָׁלִיחַ.]

שְׁנִיָּה ᴵ f. adj. PBH second (adj.). [f. of שֵׁנִי.]

שְׁנִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH second (i.e. one sixtieth of a minute). [Properly subst. use of שְׁנִיָּה ᴵ; loan translation of L. secunda in pars minūta secunda (= second small part of an hour), whence Med. L. minūta secunda, Fren. seconde, etc. See ‘second’ (n.) in my CEDEL.]

שִׁנְיוֹן m.n. NH difference. [A secondary form of שֹׁנִי. For the ending see ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

שְׁנִיּוֹנִי adj. NH 1 secondary. 2 binary. [From שֵׁנִי.]

שְׁנִיּוּת f.n. MH 1 secondariness. NH 2 dualism, duality. [Formed from שְׁנַיִם (= two), with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁנִיִּי adj. NH secondary. [Formed from שֵׁנִי with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁנֵֽיִם adj. two. [From שׁנה ᴵ. Related to Phoen. shnm, Aram., BAram. and Syr. תְּרֵין (m.), תֵּרֽתֵּין (f.), Egypt.–Aram., Modern Aram., Palm. תרן (m.), תרתן (f.), JAram., Sam., Chr.-Pal., Mand. תרין (m.), תרתין (f.), Ugar. ṯn (m.), ṯt (f.), Arab. ithnān (m.), ithnatān (f.), Akka. shinā (m.), shittēn (f.). cp. שְׁתַּיִם. cp. also תְּרֵי.] Derivatives: שֵׁנִי, שְׁנִיּוּת.

שְׁנִינָה f.n. sharp (cutting) word, taunt, byword. [Properly verbal n. of שָׁנַן. See שׁנן ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁנִינוּת f.n. NH 1 sharpness. 2 sharp-wittedness. [Formed from שָׁנוּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֵׁנִית adv. for the second time. [Adv. use of the f. of שֵׁנִי (= second).]

שָׁנִית ᴵ f.n. NH scarlet fever. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from שָׁנִי (= scarlet), and suff. ◌ִית.]

שָׁנִית ᴵᴵ f.n. NH Lythrum (plant). [Formed from שָׁנִי (= scarlet, crimson), with suff. ◌ִית; so called in allusion to the color of its flowers.]

שׁנן to sharpen, whet.
    — Qal - שָׁנַן he sharpened, whetted.
    — Pi. - שִׁנֵּן PBH 1 he sharpened, whetted; 2 he taught diligently, inculcated.
    — Pu. - שֻׁנַּן 1 was sharpened, was whetted; 2 was taught diligently, was inculcated.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּנֵּן 1 was sharpened, was whetted; 2 (fig.) he made every effort; NH 3 was learned again and again.
    — Hithpol. - הִשְׁתּוֹנֵן 1 was pierced, was wounded; MH 2 he sharpened his senses, strained himself; NH 3 projected. [JAram. שַׁנֵּן, Arab. sanna, sannana (= he sharpened, whetted), JAram.–Syr. שְׁנִינָא (= sharp), Ethiop. tasanana (= he contended, litigated), Aram.–Syr. שְׁנָנָא (= a sharp point; a sword’s blade).] Derivatives: שָׁנָן, שְׁנָנָה, שָׁנוּן, שִׁנּוּן, שְׁנִינָה, מִשְׁנָן, מְשֻׁנָּן ᴵ, תַּשְׁנוּן. cp. שִׁנָּנָא.

שָׁנָן m.n. PBH cliff, crag. [From שׁנן. cp. שׁוּנִית, שֻׁנִּית.]

שִׁנָּן ᴵ m.n. NH dental technician. [From שֵׁן.]

שִׁנָּן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH Taraxacum (a genus of plants). [Of uncertain origin.]

שִׁנָּנָא m.n. PBH a sharp-witted man. [JAram., related to Aram.–Syr. שְׁנִינָא (= sharp). See שׁנן.]

שְׁנָנָה f.n. PBH spearpoint. [Formed from שׁנן with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁנָּנִי adj. NH large-toothed. [Formed from שֵׁן (= tooth), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שִׁנָּנִית ᴵ f.n. NH dental technician. [f. of שִׁנָּן ᴵ.]

שִׁנָּנִית ᴵᴵ m.n. NH large-toothed. [f. of שִׁנָּנִי.]

שׁנס to gird.
    — Pi. - שִׁנֵּס he girded (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 18:46).
    — Pu. - שֻׁנַּס was girded. [Related to שׁנץ.] Derivative: שִׁנּוּס.

שַׁנְסָה f.n. FW chance. [Fren. chance, from VL cadentia (= a falling; esp. ‘a falling of dice’), from L. cadere (= to fall). See קָדֶנְצָה.]

שַׁנְסוֹן m.n. FW chanson. [Fren. chanson, from L. cantiō (= a song), from canere (= to sing). See קַנֽטָטָה.]

שׁנע to transport.
    — Shaph. - שִׁנַּע handled, transported.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁנַּע was transported. [Shaph‘el from נוע (= to move).] Derivative: שִׁנּוּעַ.

שֶֽׁנֶף m.n. NH Vanilla (a genus of plants). [From Arab. sinf (= pod, capsule, hull); that is also the orig. meaning of Sp. vanilla, whence the scientific name of the plant: Modern L. Vanilla.]

שׁנץ to fasten with cords, lacing, tying.
    — Qal - שָׁנַץ he fastened with cords, laced, tied.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁנַץ was fastened with cords, was laced, was tied.
    — Pi. - שִׁנֵּץ he fastened with cords, laced, tied.
    — Pu. - שֻׁנַּץ was fastened with cords, was laced, was tied. [JAram. שְׁנַץ (= he bound his sandals), שַׁנֵּץ (= he laced with strings), prob. also Arab. shanaṣa (= he adhered, cleaved), and Chr.–Pal. שׁניץ (= narrow). Related to שׁנס.] Derivatives: שֶׁנֶץ, שִׁנּוּץ, מְשֻׁנָּץ.

שֶֽׁנֶץ m.n. PBH (pl. שְׁנָצוֹת) lace, cord, string. [From שׁנץ.]

שׁנק to strangle, choke, asphyxiate.
    — Qal - שָׁנַק he strangled, choked, asphyxiated.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁנַק was strangled, was choked, was asphyxiated.
    — Pi. - שִׁנֵּק he strangled, choked, asphyxiated.
    — Pu. - שֻׁנַּק was strangled, was choked, was asphyxiated.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתֵּנֵּק (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁנִיק he strangled, choked, asphyxiated.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁנַק was strangled, was choked, was asphyxiated. [Borrowed from JAram. שַׁנֵּק (= he strangled, choked, he troubled, confounded), which is related to Syr. שַׁנֵּק (= he punished, abused, inflicted severe pain, tortured), which — according to some scholars — are borrowed from Akka. tashnīqu (= torture), which is related to Akka. sanaqu (= to press; see סנק). It is possible that שׁנק is properly a Shaph‘el form אנק (for חנק, ‘to strangle’).] Derivatives: שֶׁנֶק, שָׁנוּק, שִׁנּוּק, שַׁנְקָנִי, הִשֽׁתַּנְּקוּת, מַשֽׁנֵק, מְשֻׁנָּק, תַּשְׁנוּק, תַּשֽׁנִיק.

שֶֽׁנֶק m.n. NH strangulation, suffocation, asphyxia. [From שָׁנַק. See שׁנק.]

שַׁנְקָנִי adj. NH strangling, choking, asphyxiating. [Formed from שָׁנַק (see שׁנק) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁנשׁן to hiss, lisp.
    — Pilp. - שִׁנְשֵׁן 1 he hissed; 2 he lisped. [Formed from the consonant name שִׁין (q.v.) through reduplication.]

שְׁנָת f.n. sleep. [A collateral form of שֵׁנָה.]

שֶֽׁנֶת f.n. PBH PBH 1 notch. NH 2 mark. [Borrowed from Akka. shintu for shimtu, related to Heb. שִׂים (= ‘to put, place’; see שׂים).] Derivative: שׁנת.

שׁנת to make notches, indent.
    — Pi. - שִׁנֵּת he made notches, indented.
    — Pu. - שֻׁנַּת was provided with notches, was indented. [Denominated from שֶׁנֶת.] Derivatives: שִׁנּוּת, הַשְׁנָתָה, מְשֻׁנָּת.

שְׁנָתוֹן m.n. NH yearbook, annual. [Coined from שָׁנָה (= year), with suff. ◌וֹן, on the analogy of עִתּוֹן (= newspaper, journal).]

שְׁנָתִי adj. NH annual, yearly. [Formed from שָׁנָה (= year), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁנָתִית adv. annually, yearly. [Properly f. of the adj. שְׁנָתִי, used adverbially.]

שַׁ״ס abbreviation of PBH 1 שִׁשָּׁה סְדָרִים (= the six Orders of the Mishnah or Talmud); NH 2 שְׂכַר־סוֹפֽרִים (= author’s fees).

שַׁסַּאי m.n. NH instigator, inciter. [Formed from שִׁסָּה (= he instigated, incited), Pi. of שׁסה ᴵᴵ, according to the pattern פֵּעָל, serving to form nomina opificum. Accordingly שַׁסַּאי properly denotes a person who pursues the ‘profession’ of an instigator or inciter.]

שׁסה ᴵ to plunder, spoil, pillage.
    — Qal - שָׁסָה he plundered, spoiled, pillaged.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁסָה was plundered, was spoiled, was pillaged.
    — Pu. - שֻׁסָּה (of s.m.). [A collateral form of שׁסס. Müller derives from this base Egypt. shasu, a name denoting the plundering tribes of the desert.] Derivatives: שָׁסוּי, שׁוֹסֶה, מְשִׁסָּה, מֽשֻׁסֶּה ᴵ.

שׁסה ᴵᴵ to set on (a dog), incite, instigate.
    — Pi. - שִׁסָּה PBH 1 he set on (a dog); NH 2 he incited, instigated.
    — Pu. - שֻׁסָּה 1 was set on (said of a dog); 2 was incited, was instigated. [Prob. imitative of the sounds sh–s used to set on a dog.] Derivatives: שִׁסּוּי, מֽשֻׁסֶּה ᴵᴵ.

שָׁסוּי adj. plundered, spoiled, pillaged. [Pass. part. of שָׁסָה. See שׁסה ᴵ.]

שִׁסּוּי m.n. MH 1 setting on (of a dog). 2 inciting, instigation. [Verbal n. of שִׁסָּה, Pi. of שׁסה ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁסֽוּעַ adj. cleft (said of the claws or hoofs). [Pass. part. of שָׁסַע. See שׁסע.]

שִׁסְּוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 cleaving, splitting, tearing to pieces; NH 2 interruption (of a speech); NH 3 splitting of personality, schizophrenia (see שַׁסַּעַת). [Verbal n. of שִׁסַּע, ‘he split’, Pi. of שׁסע.]

שָׁסוּף adj. NH torn. [Pass. part. of שָׁסַף. See שׁסף.]

שִׁסּוּף m.n. MH tearing asunder, splitting, rending. [Verbal n. of שׁסֵּף (= he tore asunder, split, rent), Pi. of שׁסף.]

שְׁסִיעָה f.n. MH 1 cleaving, splitting, tearing to pieces. [Verbal n. of שָׁסַע. See שׁסע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שׁסס to plunder, spoil, pillage.
    — Qal - שָׁסַס he plundered, spoiled, pillaged.
    — Niph. - נָשַׁס was plundered, was spoiled, was pillaged. [A collateral form of שׁסה ᴵ.] Derivative: מֽשִׁסָּה.

שׁסע to cleave, divide, split.
    — Qal - שָׁסַע he split, rent, it cleft (had a cloven hoof).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁסַע was cleft, was rent, was torn to pieces.
    — Pi. - שִׁסַּע 1 he tore to pieces, rent, split; 2 (fig.) he interrupted someone.
    — Pu. - שֻׁסַּע PBH 1 was torn to pieces, was cleft, was rent, was split; NH 2 (fig.) was interrupted.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתֵּסַּע 1 was cleft, was split, was rent; 2 (fig.) was interrupted (in his speech). [JAram. שַׁסַּע (= he tore apart, tore to pieces), prob. also Arab. shāsi‘ (= far away, distant, remote).] Derivatives: שֶׁסַע, שָׁסוּעַ, שִׁסּוּעַ, שֽׁסִיעָה, שַׁסַּעַת, הִסֽתֵּשְׁעוּת, מֽשֻׁסָּע.

שֶֽׁסַע m.n. cleft, split. [From שׁסע.]

שַׁסַּֽעַת f.n. NH split personality, schizophrenia (disease). [Coined from שִׁסַּע (= he cleft, split), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to. שַׁסַּעַת is a loan translation of Modern L. schizophrenia (lit.: a splitting of the mind), from Gk. schizein (= to split), and phren (= mind).]

שׁסף to hew in pieces.
    — Qal - שָׁסַף he hewed in pieces, rent, split.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁסַף was hewed in pieces, was rent, was split.
    — Pi. - שׁסֵּף he hewed in pieces, rent, split (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 15:33).
    — Pu. - שֻׁסַּף was hewn in pieces, was rent, was split. [Of uncertain origin. It is possibly a Shaph‘el form developed from סוף or סף, an earlier form of סַיִף (= sword), so that שׁסף would mean literally ‘to strike or cut with a sword’.] Derivatives: שֶׁסֶף, שָׁסוּף, שִׁסּוּף, הִשָּׁסֽפוּת.

שֶֽׁסֶף m.n. MH hewing in pieces, rending, splitting. [From שׁסף.]

שֶֽׁסֶק m.n. PBH Erioblotrya (a genus of plants). [From JAram. שִׁסְקָא, whose meaning, however, is Zizyphus vulgaris. The word שִׁסֽקָא is prob. of Persian origin.]

שַׁסְתּוֹם m.n. NH valve, piston. [A blend of שָׁתַם (= he opened), and סָתַם (= he stopped, closed); see שׁתם and סתם.] Derivative: שׁסתם.

שׁסתם to valve.
    — Pi. - שִׁסְתֵּם he valved.
    — Pu. - שֻׁסְתַּם was valved. [Denominated from שַׁסְתּוֹם.]

שׁעבד to enslave, subject, subjugate.
    — Shiph. - שִׁעְבֵּד 1 he subjugated, enslaved; 2 he compelled to work; 3 he subjected, subordinated; 4 he mortgaged.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁעְבַּד 1 was subjected, was subordinated; 2 was mortgaged.
    — Hish. - הִשְׁתַּעְבֵּד 1 was subjected, was enslaved; 2 he submitted; 3 was pledged. [Shaph‘el of עבד.] Derivatives: שַׁעֽבּֽדָנִי, שִׁעְבּוּד, הִשְׁתַּעְבּֽדוּת, מְשַׁעְבֵּד, מֽשֻׁעֽבָּד.

שַׁעְבְּדָנִי adj. NH 1 subjugating, enslaving. 2 tyrannous, despotic. [Formed from שׁעבד with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שִׁעְבּוּד m.n. PBH 1 subjugation, enslavement. 2 slavery, servitude, bondage. 3 mortgage. [Verbal n. of שִׁעְבֵּד. See שׁעבד.]

שׁעבּר to Hebraize.
    — Shiph. - שִׁעְבֵּר he Hebraized.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁעֽבַּר was Hebraized. [Shaph‘el verb formed from עִבְרִי (= Hebrew).] Derivative: שִׁעְבּוּר.

שׁעה to gaze at, look about; to care for.
    — Qal - שָׁעָה 1 he looked at, gazed at, regarded with favor; (followed by אֶל); 2 he gazed away, turned his gaze away, turned away (followed by מִן).
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתָּעָה 1 he looked about with anxiety; 2 (pl.) they looked at each other; MH 3 he turned.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁעָה MH 1 he caused one’s gaze to turn away; MH 2 he removed temporarily, suspended someone’s services temporarily.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁעָה was removed temporarily, was suspended temporarily. [Ugar. ṯ‘y (= to look through, look across), Akka. shē’u (= to behold, look for; esp. to look for help).] Derivatives: שְׁעִיָּה, הַשְׁעָיָה.

שָׁעָה f.n. PBH (dual שְׁעָתַיִם, pl. שָׁעוֹת) 1 hour. 2 time. 3 short while, moment. [Related to BAram. שָׁעָה, שַׁעֲתָא, שַׁעֲתָה (= short time, moment), JAram. שַׁעֲתָא, Syr. שָׁעְתָא, Mand. שיתא, Chr.-Pal. sha‘ta, Modern Aram. sha‘tha (= moment, hour). Arab. sā‘a (= short time, hour), and Ethiop. sā‘ath (= hour, time), are prob. Aram. loan words.] Derivatives: שָׁעוֹן, שֶׁעָן, שׁוֹעֵן, שְׁעָתוֹן.

שַׁעֲוָה f.n. PBH wax. [Prob. borrowed from Aram. שַׁעֲרָא, שַׁעַוֽתָא, שָׁעִיתָא (= wax), which is of unknown origin.] Derivatives: שַׁעֲוִי, שַׁעֲוִית, שַׁעֲוָנִיָּה, שַׁעֲוָנִית.

שַׁעֲוִי adj. NH waxlike. [From שַׁעֲוָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁעֲוִית f.n. NH stencil plate. [Formed from שַׁעֲוָה with suff. ◌ִית. cp. שַׁעֲוָנִית.]

שִׁעוּל m.n. NH cough, coughing. [A loan word from Syr. שֽׁעָלָא (= cough, coughing), from שְׁעַל (= he coughed). Formally שִׁעוּל is verbal n. of שִׁעֵל, Pi. of שׁעל.]

שָׁעוּן adj. MH leaning, supported. [Pass. part. of שָׁעַן. See שׁען.]

שָׁעוֹן f.n. NH watch, clock. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from שָׁעָה (= hour; time), and suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivative: שֽׁעוֹנִית.

שַׁעֲוָנִיָּה f.n. NH stencil plate. [Formed from שַׁעֲוָה (= wax), with suff. ◌ָנִיָּה. cp. שַׁעֲוִית.]

שַׁעֲוָנִית f.n. NH oilcloth, linoleum (lino). [Formed from שַׁעֲוָה (= wax), with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

שְׁעוֹנִית f.n. NH passion flower, Passiflora (a genus of vines). [Formed from שָׁעוֹן (= watch), with suff. ◌ִית; so called in allusion to the dial-platelike form of this flower.]

שָׁעֽוּעַ adj. NH smooth. [Pass. part. of שָׁעַע, Qal of שׁעע.]

שְׁעוּעִית f.n. PBH kidney bean, Phaseolus. [Of uncertain origin.]

שִׁעוּר m.n. PBH 1 measure, quantity, size. MH 2 rate, proportion. MH 3 estimation. MH 4 meaning. NH 5 portion, instalment. NH 6 lesson. [Properly verbal n. of שִׁעֵר (= he measured, estimated), Pi. of שׁער ᴵ.] Derivatives: שִׁעוּרִי, לְשִׁעוּרִין.

שְׂעוֹרָה f.n. (pl. שְׂעוֹרִים, also שֽׂעוֹרוֹת) 1 barley. NH 2 stye (in the eye). [Related to OAram. שערה, JAram. סְעָרְתָא, סָרְתָא, Syr. סֽעָרֽתָא, Ugar. sh‘r, Ethiop. shernay, Akka. sheurtu, Arab. sha’ir. All these words derive from base שׁער ᴵ, and lit. mean ‘the hairy or bearded (grain)’.]

שִׁעוּרִי adj. MH 1 having a certain measure. MH 2 geometrical. NH 3 analytical. [Formed from שִׁעוּר with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁעט to stamp.
    — Qal - שָׁעַט 1 stamped (with the hoof), he trampled; 2 he trod. [Arab. tha“aṭa (= he pounded to pieces).] Derivatives: שַׁעַט, שֽׁעָטָה, שַׁעֲטָנִי.

שַֽׁעַט m.n. MH stamping (with the hoofs), trampling. [From שׁעט.]

שְׁעָטָה f.n. stamping (with the hoofs), trampling (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 47:3 in the phrase שַׁעֲטַת פַּרְסוֹת אַבִּירָיו, ‘the noise of the stamping of the hoofs of his strong ones’. [Formed from שׁעט with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁעֽטְנוּז m.n. NH causing שַׁעַטְנֵז, mixing things together, mixture of incompatibles. [Verbal n. of שִׁעֽטְנֵז, Pi. of שׁעטנז.]

שַׁעַטְנֵז m.n. 1 cloth woven of wool and linen (in the Bible occurring Lev. 19:19, and Deut. 22:11). NH 2 (fig.) mixing unfit things together. Derivative: שׁעטנז.

שׁעטנז to cause שַׁעַטְנֵז, to mix together things that are incompatible.
    — Pi. - שִׁעֽטְנֵז he mixed together things that were incompatible. Derivative: שִׁעֽטֽנוּז.

שַׁעַטְנֵ״ז גֵּ״ץ seven letters provided with crownlets in the script of the Sepher Torah.

שְׁעִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 gazing, looking, consideration. 2 turning. [Verbal n. of שָׁעָה, Qal of שׁעה.]

שְׁעִינָה f.n. MH leaning, support. [Verbal n. of שָׁעַן. See שׁען and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁעִֽיעַ adj. MH smooth, not hairy. [From JAram. שְׁעִיעַ, from שֽׁעַע (= was smooth). See שׁעע.]

שְׁעִיעוּת f.n. MH smoothness. [Formed from שָׁעִיעַ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. JAram. שֽׁעִיעוּת (of s.m.).]

שָׂעִיר ᴵ hairy (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 27:11 and 23). [From שׂער ᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׂעִיר, שְׂעִירוּת.

שָׂעִיר ᴵᴵ m.n. he-goat, buck. [Lit.: ‘the hairy one’; hence properly subst. use of שָׂעִיר ᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׂעִיר ᴵᴵᴵ, שֽׂעִירָה.

שָׂעִיר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. satyr, demon. [Special sense development of שָׂעִיר ᴵᴵ; hence lit. meaning ‘a demon having a he-goat’s form’.]

שָׂעִיר ᴵⱽ m.n. a thin shower of rain (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:2). [Prob. derivatively identical with שָׂעִיר ᴵᴵᴵ and so called because the black rain clouds are suggestive of black he-goats. For sense development see רְבִיבִים (= copious showers), and cp. the various words there referred to.]

שְׂעִירָה f.n. she-goat. [f. of שָׂעִיר ᴵᴵ.]

שְׂעִירוּת f.n. MH hairiness. [Formed from שָׂעִיר ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שֹֽׁעַל m.n. hollow of the hand, handful. [Related to JAram. שֻׁעֽלָא, שֽׁעוּלָא, Syr. שֻׁעְלָא (= handful). cp. שַׁעַל. cp. also מִשְׁעוֹל.]

שַֽׁעַל m.n. 1 hollow of the hand, handful. MH 2 step. [A secondary form of שֹׁעַל.]

שׁעל to cough.
    — Qal - שָׁעַל he coughed.
    — Pi. - שִׁעֵל he coughed heavily.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׁתַּעֵל he coughed.
    — Pil. (see . - שׁעלל ). [Borrowed from Syr. שֽׁעַל (= he coughed), which is related to Arab. sa‘ala (= he coughed), Akka. su’ālu (= to cough).] Derivatives: שִׁעוּל, שַׁעֶלֶת, הִשְׁתַּעֲלוּת.

שַׁעֲלוּל m.n. NH a young fox; a little fox. [Dimin. formed from שׁוּעָל through reduplication of the ל.]

שׁעלל to cough slightly.
    — Pil. - שִׁעְלֵל he coughed slightly. [Pil. of שׁעל.]

שַׁעֶֽלֶת f.n. NH whooping cough, pertussis. [Coined from שִׁעֵל (= he coughed), Pi. of שׁעל, according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַרֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שַֽׁעַם m.n. PBH cork. [Of uncertain origin; prob. borrowed from Arab. ṣamgh (= gum, resin). cp. צֶמֶג.] Derivative: שַׁעֲמָנִית.

שׁעמד to dive; to baptize.
    — Shiph. - שִׁעְמֵד he baptized, converted to Christianity.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁעְמַד was baptized, was converted to Christianity. [Shaph. of Aram. עֲטַד (= he dived, plunged; he dipped in or under water; he was baptized). cp. שׁמד ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שִׁעְמוּד, מְשֻׁעֲמָד.

שִׁעְמוּד m.n. NH baptizing, converting to Christianity. [Verbal n. of שִׁעְמֵד. See שׁעמד.]

שִׁעֲמוּם m.n. PBH 1 depression, melancholy. MH 2 boredom, tediousness, dullness. [Verbal n. of שִׁעֲמֵם. See שׁעמם.]

שַׁעֲמוּם adj. & m.n. PBH melancholic; melancholy. [From שִׁעֲמוּם.] Derivative: שַׁעֲמוּמִי.

שַׁעֲמוּמִי adj. NH melancholic. [Formed from שַׁעֲמוּם with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁעֲמוּמִית f.n. MH 1 depression, melancholy. 2 boredom, tediousness. [Formed from שַׁעֲמוּם with suff. ◌ִית. cp. JAram. שַׁעֲמוּמִיתָא (= depression, melancholy).]

שׁעמם to bore; to make dull.
    — Shiph. - שִׁעֲמֵם he caused melancholy.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁעֲמַם PBH 1 he suffered from melancholy; NH 2 he bored, made tedious, made indifferent.
    — Hish. - הִשְׁתַּעֲמֵם PBH 1 suffered from melancholy, became dull-witted; NH 2 he became bored, became tedious, became indifferent. [Borrowed from JAram. שַׁעֽמֵם (= he made dull; he stupefied). Shaph‘el of עֲמַם. See עמם. cp. שׁמֵּם (adj.).] Derivatives: שִׁעֲמוּם, שַׁעַמְמָן, הִשֽׁתַּעַמְמוּת, מְשַׁעֲמֵם, מֽשֻׁעֲמָם.

שַׁעַמְמָן m.n. NH a boring or troublesome person. [Formed from שִׁעֽמֵם (see שׁעמם) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שַׁעֲמָנִית f.n. NH linoleum. [Formed from שַׁעַם (= cork), with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

שׁען to lean, support.
    — Qal - שָׁעַן PBH 1 he supported; MH 2 he leaned, reclined.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁעַן he leaned, reclined; 2 he trusted, depended upon.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁעִין he leaned (tr.) against.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁעַן he was leaned against. [Of uncertain origin. Vollers connects this base with Arab. su‘na (= a shady place).] Derivatives: שַׁעַן, שָׁעוּן, שֽׁעִינָה, הַשֽׁעָנָה, הִשָּׁעֲנוּת, מַשְׁעֵן, מַשֽׁעָן, מַשְׁעֵנָה, מִשֽׁעֶנֶת.

שַֽׁעַן m.n. MH leaning, support. [From שׁען.]

שֶׁעָן m.n. NH watchmaker. [Formed from שָׁעוֹן (= watch). Nomina opificum are regularly formed after the pattern פַּעָל. However, if the second radical is a ה or ח, פֵּעָל becomes פֶּעָל; see בֶּחָן and words there referred to.] Derivative: שֶׁעָנוּת.

שֶׁעָנוּת f.n. NH watchmaking. [Formed from שֶׁעָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁעע ᴵ to smooth; to besmear; to blind.
    — Qal - שָׁעַע 1 he smoothed, besmeared; 2 prob. meaning ‘was smoothed, was besmeared’, whence ‘was blinded’.
    — Pi. - שִׁעַע he smoothed, besmeared.
    — Hiph. - הֵשַׁע he besmeared, shut, pasted (the eyes).
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׁתַּעְשַׁע prob. meaning ‘he blinded himself’ (lit.: ‘he pasted his eyes’), [JAram. שֽׁעַע and שׁוּעַ, Syr. שַׁע and שָׁע (= he smoothed, smeared, plastered), Aram. שָׁעִיעַ, Syr. שַׁעִיע (= smooth).] Derivatives: שׁוֹעַ ᴵᴵ, שִׁיעַ, שָׁעוּעַ, שָׁעִיעַ.

שׁעע ᴵᴵ to take delight, be delighted. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁעָא (= he sported, trifled), Chr.–Pal. שׁעותא (= jokes, jests), Aram.–Syr. and Mand. שׁוּתָא (= talk, speech). cp. Arab. sha‘sha‘a (= he shone, beamed, radiated, glittered). See שׁעשׁע ᴵᴵ.]

שָׂעֵף m.n. thought (in the Bible occurring only Job 4:13 and 20:2, in the pl.). [According to some scholars related to Arab. shaghifa (= he was disquieted), so that שֽׂעִפִּים would properly mean ‘disquieting thoughts’. cp. שַׂרְעַף.]

שׂער ᴵ to be hairy.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂעִיר was or became hairy. [Denominated from שֵׂעָר (= hair). cp. Arab. sha‘ira (= was hairy), which was denominated from sha’ira (= hair).] Derivatives: שָׂעִיר ᴵ, שְׂעוֹרָה.

שׂער ᴵᴵ to tremble, shudder, be horrified.
    — Qal - שָׂעַר he shuddered, was horrified. [Arab. iqshaa‘rra (= he shuddered, was horrified).] Derivative: שַׂעַר ᴵ.

שׂער ᴵᴵᴵ to storm, rage.
    — Qal - שָׂעַד he stormed, raged.
    — Niph. - נִשְׂעַר was stormed, was raged.
    — Pi. - שֽׂעֵר he whirled away.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׂעִיר he caused to storm, caused to rage.
    — Hith. - הִשְׂתָּעֵר he stormed against. [According to Gesenius, connected with שׂער ᴵᴵ. Related to סער.] Derivatives: שַׂעַר ᴵᴵ, שְׂעָרָה, הִשְׂתַּעֲרוּת.

שׂער ᴵⱽ to know. [Arab. sha‘ara (= he knew), shi‘r (= knowledge). cp. Aram.–Syr. סְעַר (= he visited, inspected). This is prob. the base of לֹא שְׂעָדוּם in Deut. 32:17, whose rendering, accordingly, is ‘knew not’. This interpretation is supported by the parallelism יְדָעוּם (of s.m.).]

שֵׂעָר m.n. hair. [Related to Aram. סַעְרָא, שַׂעְרָא, Syr. סַעְרָא, סְעַרֽתָא, Arab. sh‘ar, sha‘ar, Ethiop. she‘ert (= hair), Akka. shārtu (= hairy skin).] Derivatives: שׂער ᴵ, שַׂעֶרֶת, שַׂעֲרוּרִי, שַׂעֲרָה.

שַֽׂעַר ᴵ m.n. trembling, shudder. [From שׂער ᴵᴵ.]

שַֽׂעַר ᴵᴵ storm, rage (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 28:2). [From שׂער ᴵᴵᴵ. cp. סַעַר.]

שֹׁעָר see שׁוֹעָר.

שׁער ᴵ to calculate, reckon; to estimate, to measure.
    — Qal - שָׁעַר he calculated, reckoned.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁעַר was estimated, apportioned, measured.
    — Pi. - שִׁעֵר PBH 1 he estimated, set the price, set the measure; MH 2 he imagined, guessed.
    — Pu. - שֹׁעַר 1 was estimated, was measured; 2 was imagined, was guessed.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּעֵר (of s.m.). [Ugar. t‘r (= to measure), JAram. שַׁעֲרָא (= market price), שַׁעֵר (= he estimated), Arab. si‘r (= market price, rate, exchange rate), sa‘ara (= he set a price, he quoted on the stock market).] Derivatives: שָׁעוּר, שִׁעוּר, הַשְׁעָרָה, מְשֹׁעָר, prob. also שַׁעַר ᴵᴵ.

שׁער ᴵᴵ to cleave; split. [Aram. תְּרַע (= he cleft, split), Syr. תְּרַע (= he broke through, burst forth), Arab. thaghara (= he cleft, split, broke), Ethiop. sa‘ara (= he tore to pieces, rent). Base of שַׁעַר ᴵ and of שׁוֹעָר.]

שׁער ᴵᴵᴵ to be horrible. [Prob. related to Akka. shaḫarratu, shaḫrartu (= stiffness, numbness; horror, terror), perhaps also to sha’uru (= dirty). Base of שַׁעֲרוּר, שַׁעֲרוּרָה, שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה, שַׁעֲרוּרִי.]

שַֽׁעַר ᴵ m.n. 1 gate, entrance. MH 2 title page (of a book). MH 3 chapter, section of a book. NH 4 goal (in sports). [Related to Phoen. שער, Ugar. tgr, Arab. thagr (= crack, rift, opening of the mouth), OSArab. תֿעֿר, BAram. תְּרַע, Aram.–Syr. תַּרְעָא, Egypt.–Aram., Nab., Palm., Modern Aram. and Modern Syr. תרעא; Samar, tera, Mand. תירא (= gate). cp. Arab. tur‘a^h (= door), which is an Aramaic loan word. cp. also תרע ᴵᴵ and its derivative תַּרְעָא (= gate, door).] Derivative: שׁוֹעֵר.

שַׁעַר ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 value, measure (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 26:12). PBH 2 price, market price. [Usually derived from שׁער ᴵ. However, Zimmern sees in the Aram. words like JAram. שַׁעֲרָא (= market price), etc., Hebraisms, and derives שַׁעַר ᴵᴵ from שַׁעַר ᴵ, so that the orig. meaning of שַׁעַר ᴵᴵ would be ‘the price established at the towngate’, the place where the markets were usually held, whence the meanings ‘market place’, ‘price’, ‘value’, ‘measure’, would have developed gradually.

שְׂעָרָה f.n. storm, tempest (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Nah. 1:3). [A secondary form of סֽעָרָה.]

שַׂעֲרָה f.n. single hair. [From שֵׂעָר. For the ending see second suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׂעֹרָה see שֽׂעוֹרָה.

שִׁעֲרוּךְ m.n. NH revaluation. [Verbal n. of שִׁעֲרֵךְ. See שׁערך.]

שַׁעֲרוּר m.n. MH of the same origin and meaning as שַׁעֲרוּרָה (q.v.).

שַׁעֲרוּרָה f.n. 1 horror, abomination (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 5:30 and 23:14). NH 2 scandal. [From שׁער ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivative: שַׁעְרוּרָן.

שַׂעֲרוּרִי adj. slightly hairy. [Formed from שֵׂעָר (= hair), through reduplication of the ר. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה f.n. 1 horror, abomination (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 6:10). NH 2 scandal. [From שׁער ᴵᴵᴵ. For the ending see suff. ◌ִיָּה. cp. שַׁעֲרוּרִית.] Derivative: שׁערר.

שַׁעֲרוּרִית f.n. horror, abomination (Jer. 18:13, spelt שַׁעֲרֻרִת). [A collateral form of שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה.]

שַׁעֲרוּרָן m.n. NH scandalizer. [Formed from שַׁעֲרוּרָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שׁערך to revaluate.
    — Shiph. - [[illegible]]שִׁעֵךְ he revaluated.
    — Shuph. - יִך[[illegible]]ֽ was revaluated. [Shaph‘el of ערך (= to value).] Derivative: ־רּךְ[[illegible]].

שׁערר to make a scandal,[[illegible]] scandalize.
    — Pil. - שִׁעֲרֵר he made a scandal, scandalized. [Denominated from שַׁעֲרוּרִיָּה.]

שַׂעֶֽרֶת f.n. NH trichiasis (disease). [Coined from שֵׂעָר (= hair), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to. cp. Medical L. name trichiasis, from Gk. trichiasis, from trichos (= hair).]

שַׁעֲשֽׁוּעַ m.n. delight, pleasure (in the Bible occurring only in the pl. of intensity). [From שׁעשׁע ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שַׁעֽשׁוּעָה, שַׁעֲשׁוּעִי.

שַׁעֲשׁוּעָה f.n. MH [A secondary form of שַׁעֲשׁוּעַ.]

שַׁעֲשׁוּעִי adj. NH of delight, delightful. [Formed from שַׁעֲשׁוּעַ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁעשׁע ᴵ to smooth, to besmear. [Pilpel of שׁעע ᴵ.] — Occurring only in the Hithpalp. in the meaning ‘to blind oneself’ (lit.: ‘to paste one’s eyes’).

שׁעשׁע ᴵᴵ to take delight; to delight.
    — Pilp. - שִׁעֲשַׁע 1 he delighted, amused, entertained; 2 he sported, played, was amused.
    — Polpal . - שָׁעֳשַׁע was delighted, was amused, was entertained.
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׁתַּעֲשַׁע he delighted himself, amused himself, sported, played. [Pilpel of שׁעע ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שַׁעֲשׁוּעַ, שַׁעֽשְׁעָנִי, מֽשַׁעֲשֵׁעַ, מְשָׁעֳשָׁע.

שַׁעְשְׁעָנִי adj. NH delightful, amusing, entertaining. [Formed from שִׁעֽשַׁע (see שׁעשׁע) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שְׁעָתוֹן f.n. NH horary. [Coined from שָׁעָה (= hour), with suff. ◌וֹן, on the analogy of עֽתּוֹן (= newpaper, journal); q.v.]

שַׁעְתּוּק m.n. NH reproduction. [Verbal n. of שִׁעְתֵּק. See שׁעתק.]

שְׁעָתִי adj. NH hourly. [Formed from שָׁעָה (= hour), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁעתק to reproduce.
    — Shiph. - שִׁעֽתֵּק he reproduced.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁעֽתַּק was reproduced. [Shaph‘el of עתק ᴵ.] Derivative: שַׁעְתּוּק.

שָׁף perf. of שׁוּף. See שׁוף.

שְׁפָאִים m.n. pl. chips, splinters, shavings, sawdust. [From שׁפה ᴵ.]

שׁפד to put on a spit (for roasting beef), to pierce, stab.
    — Qal - שָׁפַד 1 he pierced, stabbed, sharpened the end of; 2 he put on the spit, roasted.
    — Pi. - שִׁפֵּד (of s.m.).
    — Pu. - שֻׁפַּד was pierced, was stabbed, was sharpened (said of the end of something); 2 was put on the spit, was roasted. [Denominated from שַׁפּוּד (= spit).] Derivatives: שָׁפוּד, שִׁפּוּד, שָׁפִיד.

שָׂפָה f.n. (dual שְׂפָתַיִם, pl. שָׂפוֹת for senses 2, 3, 4, שְׂפָתוֹת for sense 1 and שֽׂפָיוֹת for sense 5) 1 lip. 2 language, tongue. 3 edge, margin, rim. 4 border, shore. 5 mustache. [Related to JAram. סִפְתָּא, Syr. סֶפֽתָּא, Ugar. shpt, Arab. shafa, shafan, Akka. shaptu, Egypt. spt, Coptic spot (= lip), prob. also שָׂפָם.] Derivatives: שׂפה, שָׂפִית, שֽׂפָתוֹן, שֽׂפָתִי, שִׂפְתָנִי.

שׂפה to hemstitch.
    — Pi. - שִׂפָּה he hemstitched.
    — Pu. - שֻׂפָּה was hemstitched. [Denominated from שָׂפָה (= lip; edge).] Derivative: שִׂפּוּי.

שׁפה ᴵ to sweep bare.
    — Qal - שָׁפָה he smoothed, planed.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁפָּה was wind-swept, was bare (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 13:2 in the phrase הַר נִשְׁפֶּה, ‘a bare mountain’).
    — Pi. - שִׁפָּה PBH 1 he smoothed, planed, trimmed; PBH 2 he rubbed, polished; PBH 3 he compensated, indemnified; MH 4 he laid bare (based on the sense of the Pu.).
    — Pu. - שֻׁפָּה 1 was laid bare (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 33:21 in the phrase וְשֻׁפּוּ עַצְמוֹתָיו, ‘his bones are laid bare’ — an allusion to his leanness); PBH 2 was smoothed, was planed, was trimmed. [Aram.–Syr. שֽׁפָא (= he smoothed, planed), Arab. safā (= it swept bare, smoothed — said of the wind), ’asfa(y) (= scanty in the hair of the forelock — said of a horse), sāfiya (= sandhill). Related to שׁוף ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שְׁפִי ᴵ (pl. שְׁפָיִים), שָׁפוּי ᴵ, שִׁפּוּי ᴵ, שִׁפּוּי ᴵᴵᴵ, שֽׁפָאִים, מְשֻׁפֶּה, נִשְׁפֶּה.

שׁפה ᴵᴵ to be quiet, be at ease.
    — Qal - שָׁפָה was quiet, was at ease.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּפָּה became quiet, became sane, became cured of lunacy (cp. Arab. ishtāfā(y), ‘was cured, was healed, was restored to health’). [Most scholars find the etymology for this base, or try to find in it, a special sense development of שׁפה ᴵ. However, שׁפה ᴵᴵ has nothing in common with שׁפה ᴵ, but is the exact equivalent of Arab. shafā(y) (= he healed). Accordingly the correct pronunciation of שׁפה ᴵᴵ should be שׂפה. Nevertheless, we can maintain, however, the traditional pronunciation שׁפה, considering the fact that there are many exceptions to the rule, according to which Arab. sh corresponds Heb. שׂ.] Derivatives: שָׁפוּי ᴵᴵ, שִׁפּוּי ᴵⱽ, שֹׁפִי ᴵᴵ, שִׁפְיוֹן, שִׁפְיוּת, שְׁפִיּוּת, הִשְׁתַּפּוּת.

שׁפה ᴵᴵᴵ to incline, make slanting.
    — Qal - שָׁפָה he inclined, made slanting. [Prob. related to שׁפע ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שִׁפּוּי ᴵᴵ, שֽׁפִיָּה.

שׁפה ᴵⱽ to put over the fire. [Related to Aram. תְּפָיָא, Syr. תְּפַיָּא, Arab. ’uthfiyya (= kettle, three-legged caldron), whence the verbs Aram.–Syr. תְּפָא, Arab. thafā(y), wathafa (= he put on the kettle). cp. the related base שׁפת (= to put over the fire). cp. also תֹּפֶת.]

שַׁפּוּד m.n. PBH 1 spit for roasting meat. 2 point, sharp end. [Together with Aram.–Syr. שַׁפּוּדָא. Borrowed from Gk. Spodos (= spit for roasting meat). Arab. saffūd (= spit), is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: שׁפד, שַׁפּוּדִי.

שָׁפוּד adj. NH pointed, sharpened. [Pass. part. of שָׁפַד. See שׁפד.]

שִׁפּוּד m.n. NH sharpening the head of something. [Verbal n. of שִׁפֵּד, Pi. of שׁפד.]

שַׁפּוּדִי adj. NH spitlike. [Formed from שַׁפּוּד with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁפוֹט m.n. judgment. [From שׁפט.]

שָׁפוּט adj. MH judged. [Pass. part. of שָׁפַט. See שׁפט.]

שִׁפּוּט m.n. PBH 1 judging. 2 judgment. [From שׁפט.] Derivative: שִׁפּוּטִי.

שִׁפּוּטִי adj. NH judicial, jurisdictional. [Formed from שִׁפּוּט with suff. ◌ִי.]

שָׁפוּי ᴵ adj. PBH smooth; bare. [Pass. part. of שָׁפָה. See שׁפה ᴵ.]

שָׁפוּי ᴵᴵ adj. PBH 1 sane. 2 cautious, composed, modest, moderate. [Pass. part. of שָׁפָה. See שׁפה ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: שְׁפִיּוּת.

שִׂפּוּי m.n. NH hemstitch. [Verbal n. of שִׂפָּה, Pi. of שׂפה.]

שִׁפּוּי ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 chips, shavings. NH 2 smoothing, planing. [Verbal n. of שִׁפָּה (= he smoothed, planed), Pi. of שׁפה ᴵ.]

שִׁפּוּי ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH inclination, slanting, tilt. [From שׁפה ᴵᴵᴵ.]

שִׁפּוּי ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH indemnity. [Verbal n. of שִׁפָּה (= he smoothed, planed, trimmed; compensated), Pi. of שׁפה ᴵ.]

שִׁפּוּי ᴵⱽ m.n. MH quiet, restfulness. [From שׁפה ᴵᴵ. cp. שֹׁפִי.]

שָׁפוּךְ adj. poured out, spilled. [Pass. part. of שָׁפַךְ. See שׁפך.] Derivative: שְׁפִיכוּת.

שִׁפּוּל m.n. PBH lower part, extremity. [From שׁפל.]

שָׂפוּן adj. & m.n. 1 hidden, concealed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 33:19). (pl. שְׂפוּנִים or שְׂפוּנוֹת) NH 2 hidden part, secret. [Qal pass. part. of שָׂפַן, a collateral form of סָפַן. See ספן ᴵ and cp. סָפוּן ᴵ.]

שִׁפּוֹן m.n. NH see שִׁיפוֹן.

שָׁפְוּעַ adj. MH overflowing, abundant. [Pass. part. of שָׁפַע. See שׁפע.]

שִׁפּוּֽעַ ᴵ m.n. MH overflow, abundance. [Verbal n. of שִׁפַּע, Pi. of שׁפע ᴵ.]

שִׁפּֽוּעַ ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 slant, slope. 2 bevel, gradient. [Verbal n. of שִׁפַּע, Pi. of שׁפע ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁפוּף adj. PBH 1 crushed, rubbed. 2 weak, without strength. [Pass. part. of שָׁפַף. See שׁפף.]

שְׁפוֹפֶֽרֶת f.n. PBH 1 tube, pipe. NH 2 receptacle. [For שֽׁפַרֽפֶּרֶת, dimin. formed from שׁוֹפָר (= horn), through reduplication of the second and third radical (form פְּעַלְעֶלֶת). cp. חֲטוֹטֶרֶת.]

שִׁפּוּץ m.n. NH improvement, repair, overhaul, reconditioning. [Verbal n. of שִׁפֵּץ (= he improved, repaired, overhauled), Pi. of שׁפץ.]

שִׁפּוּר m.n. NH embellishment, improvement, amelioration, adornment. [Verbal n. of שִׁפֵּר (= he embellished, improved, ameliorated, adorned), Pi. of שׁפר.]

שָׁפוּת adj. PBH put or placed (on the fire). [Pass. part. of שָׁפַת. See שׁפת.]

שׂפח ᴵ to be afflicted with a scab (in the Bible, with one exception, always spelt with ס).
    — Pi. - שִׂפַּח he caused a scab upon, afflicted with a scab (in the Bible occurring only Is. 3:17 in the form וְשִׂפַּח). [See ספח ᴵᴵ.]

שׂפח ᴵᴵ to join.
    — Hith. - הִשְׂתַּפַּח he joined, attached himself (the verb appears in this spelling in the Scrolls of the Covenant of Damascus 7, 11). [A secondary form of ספח ᴵ.]

שׁפח base of שִׁפְחָה (= maidservant) and of מִשְׁפָּחָה (= family; clan).

שִׁפְחָה f.n. maid, maidservant, bond-maid. [Formed from שׁפח with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: שִׁפְחוּת.

שִׁפְחוּת f.n. PBH status of a maidservant. [Formed from שִׁפְחָה with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׁפט to judge, decide, govern.
    — Qal - שָׁפַט 1 he judged; 2 he decided (controversy); 3 he administered justice; 4 he executed judgment; 5 he vindicated, condemned; 6 he punished; 7 he governed, ruled. — Niph. נִשְׁפַּט 1 was judged; 2 he entered into controversy, pleaded; 3 NH was sentenced.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁפַּט was sentenced. [Phoen. שפט, Pun. sufet, whence L. sūfes, suffes (= judge), BAram. שָׁפְטִין (= judges), Syr. pl. שָׁפְטֵא (= the Book of Judges), Egypt.-Aram. and Samar. שׁפט (= to judge), Ugar. tpṭ (= to judge, administer justice), Akka. shapātu (= to judge), shipṭu (= judgment), OSArab. תפט (= to judge).] Derivatives: שֶׁפֶט, שְׁפָטִים, שָׁפוּט, שִׁפּוּט, שְׁפוֹט, שְׁפִיטָה, שׁוֹפֵט, הִשָּׁפְטוּת, מִשְׁפָּט, נִשְׁפָּט.

שֶֽׁפֶט m.n. (in the Bible occurring only in the pl. שְׁפָטִים) 1 judgment. 2 punishment. [From שׁפט.]

שֹֽׁפִי ᴵ m.n. PBH top of the hipbone. [From JAram. שׁוֹפָא, which is of uncertain origin.]

שְֹׁפִי ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 ease, comfort. 2 health. [From שׁפה ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁפִי ᴵ m.n. (pl. שְׁפָיִים) bare hill. [From שׁפה ᴵ.]

שְׁפִי ᴵᴵ adv. (in the Bible occurring only in the pausal form שֶֽׁפִי). [Of uncertain origin and meaning. Usually rendered by ‘calmly’, ‘at ease’, or ‘alone’; in both cases derived from שׁפה ᴵ.]

שָׁפִיד adj. NH sharpened, pointed. [From שׁפד.]

שְׁפִיָּה f.n. MH 1 inclining, slanting. NH 2 decantation. [Verbal n. of שָׁפָה. See שׁפה ᴵᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁפְיוֹן m.n. NH 1 quiet, calm, tranquility. 2 clear thinking. [Formed from שׁפה ᴵᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

שִׁפְיוּת f.n. PBH 1 peace. NH 2 quiet, calm. [Formed from שׁפה ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁפִיּוּת f.n. NH clearness, clarity. [From שָׁפוּי ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁפִיטָה f.n. PBH 1 judging, passing, judgment. MH 2 dealing with a case, consideration. NH 3 jurisdiction; umpiring, refereeing. [Verbal n. of שָׁפַט. See שׁפט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׁפִיךְ adj. NH that which can be poured out, sheddable, dischargeable. [Coined from שָׁפַךְ (= he poured out; see שׁפך), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

שְׁפִיכָה f.n. PBH pouring out, shedding, spilling. [Verbal n. of שָׁפַךְ. See שׁפך and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שְׁפִיכוּת.]

שְׁפִיכוּת f.n. PBH 1 being poured out, being shed, being discharged. NH 2 pouring out, shedding, spilling. [Formed from שָׁפוּךְ (= poured out, spilled), pass. part. of שָׁפַךְ; see שׁפך), with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁפִילָה f.n. NH 1 gradual falling, step-by-step dropping. PBH 2 nadir (astronomy). [Verbal n. of שָׁפַל. See שׁפל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁפִֽיעַ m.n. NH colluvies (geology). [From שׁפע ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁפִיעָה ᴵ f.n. NH plentiful supply, abundance. [Verbal n. of שָׁפַע. See שׁפע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁפִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH leaning, slanting. [Verbal n. of שָׁפַע. See שׁפע ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁפִיפָה f.n. NH bending, stooping. [Verbal n. of שָׁפַף; see שׁפף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁפִיפוֹן m.n. a kind of a snake (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 49:17, and prob. meaning ‘horned snake, Cerastes’); so rendered already by the ancient versions (Septuagint kerastes, Vulgate cerastes). [Together with Aram. שֽׁפִיפוֹנָא, prob. related to Arab. siff, suff (a kind of serpent resembling the Cerastes), and to Akka. shippu (a kind of serpent). All these names are prob. imitative of the hissing sound made by the serpent.]

שָׁפִיר m.n. PBH sac of the fetus. [Prob. related to שׁוֹפָר (= horn); for sense development cp. שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת (= tube), which is also a derivative of שׁוֹפָר.]

שַׁפִּיר 1 handsome, fair, pleasing. PBH 2 well, right. [BAram., related to JAram., Syr. שַׁפִּירָא (= beautiful, good, lovely, pleasing), Chr.–Pal., Mand. and Modern Syr. שׁפירא, of s.m. All these words derive from base שׁפר.] Derivative: שַׁפִּירִית.

שַׁפִּירִית f.n. NH dragonfly. [Formed from שַׁפִּיר with suff. ◌ִית.]

שָׂפִית f.n. NH labium (botany). [Formed from שָׂפָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

שְׁפִיתָה f.n. PBH putting pot on the fire. [Verbal n. of שָׁפַת. See שׁפת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שׁפך to pour, pour out, shed, spill.
    — Qal - שָׁפַךְ 1 he poured, poured out, shed, spilled; 2 he cast, threw, scattered.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁפַּךְ 1 was poured out, was shed, was spilled; 2 was cast, was thrown, was scattered.
    — Pi. - שִׁפֵּךְ he poured, poured out, shed, spilt.
    — Pu. or Qal pass. - שֻׁפַּךְ 1 was poured, was poured out, was shed, was spilled; NH 2 was cast, was thrown, was scattered.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּפֵּךְ 1 was rolled; NH 2 was poured out. [JAram.–Syr. שְׁפַךְ (= he poured from one vessel into another, emptied out), Chr.–Pal. and Mand. שׁפך (of s.m.), Ugar. shpk (= to pour out), Arab. safaka (= he founded, cast metal, smelted ore), Ethiop. sabaka (of s.m.), Akka. shapāku (= to pour out), Syr. שְׁפָכָא (= funnel; water pipe, spout).] Derivatives: שֶׁפֶךְ, שֹׁפֶךְ, שָׁפְכָה, שָׁפֳכִין, שָׁפְכָן, שָׁפְכָנִי, שְׁפֹכֶת, שָׁפוּךְ, שָׁפִיךְ, שְׁפִיכָה, שְׁתַפְּכָנִי, הִשָּׁפְכוּת, הִשְׁתַּפְּכוּת, מַשְׁפֵּךְ, מִשְׁפָּךְ, תִּשְׁפֹּכֶת.

שֶֽׁפֶךְ m.n. 1 pouring out (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 4:12, twice). NH 2 mouth of a river. [From שׁפך.]

שֹֽׁפֶךְ m.n. PBH (used only in the pl. שָׁפֳכִין) dirty water (lit.: ‘water which is poured out’). [From שׁפך.]

שָׁפְכָה f.n. 1 male member (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 23:2 in the phrase כְּרוּת שָׁפְכָה, ‘one maimed in his privy parts’). NH 2 urethra (anatomy). [Formed from שׁפך with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: שָׁפֽכָן, שָׁפְכָתִי.

שָׁפָֽכִין, שְׁפָכִין, שׁוֹפְכִין see שׂפֶךְ.

שָׁפְכָן m.n. NH ureter (anatomy). [Formed from שָׁפְכָה with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שָׁפְכָנִי.

שָׁפְכָנִי adj. PBH 1 oily, juicy, succulent. NH 2 (fig.) long-winded, verbose; pen-pusher, quill-driver. [Formed from שָׁפַךְ (see שׁפך) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שְׁפֹֽכֶת f.n. NH debris (geology). [Formed from שָׁפַךְ (see שׁפך) with suff. ◌ֶת.]

שָׁפְכָתִי adj. NH urethral. [Formed from שָׁפְכָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁפל NH to become or be low.
    — Qal - שָׁפַל 1 became or was low; 2 was laid low, was humiliated.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁפַּל was lowered, became low.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּפֵּל was careless, was lazy, was indolent; 2 MH was humble, was gentle.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁפִּיל 1 (tr.) he laid low, made low; 2 (tr., fig.) he set in a lower place, humiliated; 3 (tr.) he put to shame, despised; 4 it became lower than it had been.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁפַּל PBH 1 was made low, NH 2 was put to shame, was despised. [BAram. הַשְׁפֵל (= he humiliated), Aram. שֽׁפַל, Syr. שְׁפֵּל (= was low, was humble), Egypt.-Aram. שׁפל (= to become or be low), Ugar. shpl (= that which is below something), Arab. safala and safila (= was low, was below something), OSArab. ספל (= humility, or lowland), Akka. shapālu (= to be lowered, be let down).] Derivatives: שָׁפָל, שֵׁפֶל, שְׁפֵלָה, שִׁפְלָה, שִׁפֹּלֶת, שִׁפּוּל, הַשְׁפָּלָה, הִשְׁתַּפְּלוּת, מַשְׁפִּיל, מִשְׁפָּל, מֻשְׁפָּל.

שָׁפָל adj. 1 low. 2 deep. 3 lowly. 4 humiliated. 5 meek, modest. 6 mean. [From שׁפל.] Derivatives: שִׁפְלוּת, שַׁפְלָן.

שֵֽׁפֶל m.n. 1 low state, low condition. NH 2 ebb, low tide. NH 3 degeneration (meteorology). [From שׁפל.]

שְׁפֵלָה f.n. lowland. [Formed from שׁפל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁפְלָה f.n. a low place (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 32:19). [Formed from שׁפל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁפְלוּת f.n. 1 sinking (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 10:18 in the phrase שִׁפְלוּת־יָדַיִם, ‘sinking of the hands’, i.e. ‘negligence’). PBH 2 need. PBH 3 self-abasement. NH 4 meanness. [Formed from שָׁפָל with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁפְלָן m.n. NH dachshund. [Formed from שָׁפָל (= low), with agential suff. ◌ָן; so called because of their low stature.]

שִׁפֹּֽלֶת lower part, bottom. [Formed from שׁפל with suff. ◌ֶת.]

שָׂפָם m.n. (pl. שְׂפָמִים, also שֽׂפָמוֹת) mustache. [Prob. formed from שָׂפָה (= lip) with suff. ◌ם. JAram. סְפָמָא (= mustache), is prob. borrowed from Heb.] Derivatives: שְׂפָמוֹן, שְׂפַמְפָּם, שְׂפַמְתָּן. cp. the first element in שְׂפַמְנוּן.

שְׂפָמוֹן m.n. NH a small mustache. [Formed from שָׂפָם with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

שְׂפַמְנוּן m.n. NH silurus, sheath-fish. [Compounded of שָׂפָם (= mustache) and Aram. נוּן (= fish).]

שְׂפַמְפָּם m.n. NH small mustache. [Dimin. formed from שָׂפָם through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

שְׂפַמְתָּן m.n. NH one having a big mustache. [Formed from שָׂפָם with suff. ◌תָּן.]

שׂפן a collateral form of ספן ᴵ. [See שָׂפוּן.]

שָׁפָן m.n. 1 rock badger, Hyrax syriacus (zoology). MH 2 cony rabbit. [Related to OSArab. thafan (of s.m.).] Derivatives: שְׁפַנִּי, שְׁפַנִּיָּה, שְׁפַנְפָּן.

שְׁפָנִּי adj. NH of or pertaining to a rabbit, rabbitlike. [Formed from שָׁפָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁפַנִּיָּה f.n. NH rabbit hutch, rabbitry. [Formed from שָׁפָן with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

שְׁפַנְפָּן m.n. NH a small rabbit. [Dimin. formed from שָׁפָן through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

שׁפע ᴵ to flow abundantly, be abundant.
    — Qal - שָׁפַע 1 it caused to flow, discharged, gave abundantly; 2 it flowed abundantly, streamed forth.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁפַּע MH 1 it emanated; NH 2 was influenced.
    — Pi. - שִׁפַּע he gave abundantly.
    — Pu. - שֻׁפַּע he had in abundance (mostly used in the part.).
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּפַּע became abundant.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁפִּיעַ PBH 1 he gave in abundance, gave in profusion; MH 2 he sent out, emitted, emanated; MH 3 he influenced.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁפַּע MH 1 was given him in abundance; MH 2 was sent out, was emitted, was emanated; NH 3 was influenced. [JAram. שְׁפַע (= it flew abundantly, was abundant, overflowed), Syr. שְׁפַע (= it poured forth, overflowed, rose as a river in flood, abounded), Chr.-Pal. שׁפע (= to flow abundantly, be abundant), Arab. sabagha (= abounded, was abundant). cp. שׁפע ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שֶׁפַע, שִׁפְעָה, שַׁפַּעַת, שָׁפוּעַ, שִׁפּוּעַ ᴵ, שׁוֹפֵעַ, הַשְׁפָּעָה, הִשְׁתַּפְּעוּת ᴵ, מַשְׁפִּיעַ, מֻשְׁפָּע, מְשֻׁפָּע ᴵ.

שׁפע ᴵᴵ to incline, slant, slope; special sense development of שׁפע ᴵ (= to abound, overflow), into that of ‘to flow down, flow downward, deviate from the horizontal line’, whence the meanings ‘to incline, slant, slope’ gradually developed.]
    — Qal - שָׁפַע it inclined, slanted, sloped.
    — Pi. - שִׁפַּע 1 he slanted (tr.), canted, tilted; 2 he trimmed (a ship).
    — Pu. - שֻׁפַּע was slanted, canted, tilted.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּפַּע (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁפִּיעַ PBH 1 he slanted, canted, tilted; MH 2 it slanted, canted, tilted. Derivatives: שֹׁפַע, שִׁפּוּעַ ᴵᴵ, שְׁפִיעַ, שְׁפִיעָה, הִשְׁתַּפְּעוּת ᴵᴵ, מְשֻׁפָּע ᴵᴵ.

שֶֽׁפַע m.n. 1 abundance (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 33:19). MH 2 emanation of the spirit. [From שׁפע ᴵ.]

שֹֽׁפַע m.n. NH trim (of a ship). [From שׁפע ᴵᴵ.]

שִׁפְעָה f.n. abundance, multitude. [Formed from שׁפע ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁפְעוּל m.n. NH reactivation. [Verbal n. of שִׁפְעֵל. cp. שׁפעל.]

שַׁפְעֵל MH ‘Shaph‘el’ (grammar) — name of one of the second causative conjugations in various Sem. languages (Aram., Syr. and Akka.), which generally correspond to Heb. הִפְעִיל. [Properly the third person singm. form of the second causative form of Aram.-Syr. פְּעַל.]

שִׁפְעֵל NH ‘Shiph‘el’ (grammar) — name of one of the second causative conjugations in Hebrew. [Properly the third person sing. m. form of Heb. פָּעַל. See שׁפעל. For a list of Shiph‘el conjugations of Heb. verbs see שׁבק and words there referred to.]

שׁפעל to reactivate.
    — Shiph. - שִׁפְעֵל he reactivated.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁפְעַל was reactivated. [Shiph. of פעל.] Derivative: שִׁפְעוּל.

שַׁפַּֽעַת f.n. NH influenza (disease). [Formed, under the influence of It. influenca, from הִשְׁפִּיעַ (= he influenced; see שׁפע ᴵ), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to. The disease was called influenca (= influence) because it was originally attributed to the influence of the stars.] Derivative: שַׁפַּעְתִּי.

שַׁפַּעְתִּי adj. NH of, or pertaining to, influenza. [Formed from שַׁפַּעַת with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁפף to crush, rub.
    — Qal - שָׁפַף he crushed, rubbed.
    — Niph. - נִשַּׁף, נִשּׁוֹף was crushed, was rubbed.
    — Pilp. (see . - שׁפשׁף ). [Aram.–Syr. שַׁף (= he scraped, rubbed). Related to שׁוף ᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׁפוּף, שְׁפִיפָה.

שׁפץ to improve, repair, overhaul.
    — Pi. - שִׁפֵּץ he improved, repaired, overhauled, reconditioned.
    — Pu. - שֻׁפַּץ was improved, was repaired, was overhauled, was reconditioned.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּפֵּץ (of s.m.). [Together with JAram. שַׁפֵּץ (= he improved, repaired, overhauled), of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: שֶׁפֶץ, שִׁפּוּץ, מְשֻׁפָּץ.

שֶֽׁפֶץ m.n. NH improvement, repair, overhaul, reconditioning. [From שׁפץ.]

שׂפק ᴵ to strike, clap (the hands).
    — Qal - שָׂפַק he struck, clapped (the hands). [A secondary form of ספק ᴵ.]

שׂפק ᴵᴵ to be sufficient, suffice.
    — Qal - שָׂפַק was sufficient, sufficed.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂפִּיק he abounded. [Aram.-Syr. סְפַק (= was sufficient, sufficed). cp. ספק ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: שֶׂפֶק ᴵ.

שֶֽׂפֶק ᴵ m.n. abundance, plenty (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 20:22). [From שׂפק ᴵᴵ.]

שֶֽׂפֶק ᴵᴵ m.n. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 36:18). [Of uncertain origin and meaning. Some scholars see in it a collateral form of MH סָפֵק (= doubt) q.v.]

שׁפר to be beautiful, be fair, be pleasant, be comely.
    — Qal - שָׁפַר was beautiful, was fair, was pleasant, was comely.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁפַּר was beautified, was embellished, was adorned.
    — Pi. - שִׁפֵּר 1 he improved; 2 he beautified, embellished, adorned.
    — Pu. - שֻׁפַּר was improved.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּפֵּר 1 was improved; 2 was beautified, was embellished.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁפִּיר 1 he improved; 2 he embellished (clothes, dresses).
    — Hoph. - הָשְׁפַּר or הֻשְׁפַּר MH 1 was improved; NH 2 was embellished (said of clothes or dresses).
    — Pil. (see . - שִׁפְרֵר ). [BAram. שְׁפַר (= was pleasing, seemed good), JAram.–Syr. שְׁפַר (= was beautiful, was bright, was pleasing), שַׁפִּירָא (= beautiful, fair, good, lovely, pleasing), Arab. safara (= it shone). cp. שְׁפַרְפָּר.] Derivatives: שֶׁפֶר, שַׁפָּר, שִׁפְרָה, שִׁפּוּר, שַׁפִּיר, הַשְׁפָּרָה, הִשְׁתַּפְּרוּת, אַשְׁפָּר, אַשְׁפָּרָה, אִשְׁפּוּר, מְשֻׁפָּר.

שֶֽׁפֶר m.n. 1 antlers (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 49:21). MH 2 beauty. [From שׁפר, also in sense 1; the antlers are so called in allusion to their beauty.]

שַׁפָּר m.n. NH decorator. [Nomen opificis formed from שִׁפֵּר, Pi. of שׁפר, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שִׁפְרָה f.n. beauty (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 26:23). [Prob. formed from שׁפר with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁפְרוּק m.n. NH catabolism. [Verbal n. of שִׁפְרֵק, Shiph. of פרק (= to break off, tear off, separate into parts).]

שִׁפְרוּר m.n. MH embellishment, beautification. [Verbal n. of שִׁפְרֵר; see שׁפרר.]

שַׁפְרִיר m.n. pavilion (?); scepter (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 43:10; of uncertain origin and meaning). [Delitzsch connects it with Akka. shuparruru (= to spread, extend), and renders it by Thronteppich (= carpet of the throne). Barth compares שַׁפְרִיר with Akka. shibirru or shipirru (= scepter), and translates it accordingly with ‘scepter’.]

שְׁפַרְפָּר m.n. MH 1 Morning Star, dawn. 2 (fig.) brightness. [From BAram. שְׁפַרְפָּרָא, JAram. שְׁפַרְפָּרִא (= light). Prob. formed from BAram. שְׁפַר (= was bright), through reduplication of the second and third radical, and related to Syr. שַׁפְרָא and שׁוּפְרָא (= early dawn, twilight), and to Arab. safara (= it shone). See שׁפר.]

שׁפרר to embellish, beautify.
    — Pil. - שִׁפְרֵר he embellished, beautified. [Pil. of שׁפר.] Derivative: שִׁפְרוּר.

שִׁפְשׁוּף m.n. NH 1 rubbing. MH 2 polishing. [Verbal n. of שִׁפְשֵׁף. See שׁפשׁף.]

שׁפשׁף to rub; to polish; to cause to work hard.
    — Pilp. - שִׁפְשֵׁף PBH 1 he rubbed, scrubbed; PBH 2 he polished; NH 3 he caused to work hard; MH 4 he rubbed himself.
    — Pulp. - שֻׁפְשַׁף NH 1 was rubbed, was scrubbed; NH 2 was made to work hard; MH 3 was polished.
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׁתַּפְשֵׁף he rubbed himself; 2 he was made to work hard. [Pilpel of שׁוף. For other Pilpel forms derived from ע״ו verbs cp. זעזע and words there referred to.] Derivatives: שִׁפְשׁוּף, שַׁפְשֶׁפֶת ᴵ, הִשְׁתַּפְשְׁפוּת, מְשֻׁפְשָׁף.

שַׁפְשָׁף m.n. PBH see שַׁפְשֶׁפֶת ᴵᴵ.

שַׁפְשֶֽׁפֶת ᴵ f.n. NH doormat. [Formed from שִׁפְשֵׁף (see שׁפשׁף) with suff. ◌ֶת.]

שַׁפְשֶֽׁפֶת ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH weather vane. [A secondary form of שַׁבְשֶׁבֶת ᴵᴵ.]

שׁפת to place, put or set over the fire.
    — Qal - שָׁפַת 1 he placed, put or set over the fire; 2 he established, ordained.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁפַּת was placed, put or set over the fire. [Ugar. ṯpd (= to place, put, set). cp. the related base שׁפה ᴵⱽ.] Derivatives: שָׁפוּת, שְׁפִיתָה, אַשְׁפּוֹת, שְׁפַתַּיִם ᴵ, מִשְׁפְּתַיִם.

שַׁפְתָּה f.n. PBH armchair, easy chair. [Of uncertain origin.]

שְׂפָתוֹן m.n. NH lipstick, rouge. [Formed from שָׂפָה (= lip), with suff. ◌וֹן.]

שִׂפְתּוּת m.n. NH labialization, lisp. [Verbal n. of שִׂפְתֵּת, Pi. of שׂפתת.]

שְׂפָתִי adj. NH labial. [Formed from שָׂפָה (= lip), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׂפָתַֽיִם dual of שָׂפָה (q.v.).

שְׁפַתַּֽיִם ᴵ m.n. dual fire place (?); sheep folds (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 68:14). [From שׁפת. cp. מִשְׁפְּתַיִם.]

שְׁפַתַּֽיִם ᴵᴵ m.n. dual hook-shaped pegs (?) (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 40:43). [Of uncertain origin.]

שִׂפְתָנִי adj. NH labial, labiate. [Formed from שָׂפָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׂפתת to labialize, to lisp.
    — Pi. - שִׂפְתֵת he labialized, lisped. [Denominated from שְׂפָתַיִם.] Derivative: שִׂפְתּוּת.

שֶֽׁצֶף m.n. flowing, streaming (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 54:8 in the phrase שֶׁצֶף קֶצֶף, ‘flowing of anger’).] Prob. a secondary form of שֶׁטֶף. cp. the phrase שֵׁטֶף אָף (Pr. 27:4), which corresponds to שֶׁצֶף אָף.] Derivative: שׁצף.

שׁצף to become angry.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּצֵּף he foamed with rage, raged. [Denominated from שֶׁצֶף.] — שָׁצַף intr. NH 1 it (the river) flowed violently; 2 he became angry. Derivatives: שִׁצְפָּה, שִׁצָּפוֹן.

שִׁצְפָּה f.n. NH flowing, streaming. [A secondary form of שֶׁצֶף. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁצָּפוֹן m.n. NH (pl. שִׁצְפוֹנוֹת) flood, inundation. [Formed from שֶׁצֶף with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns. cp. שִׁטָּפוֹן.]

שַׂק m.n. 1 sack, bag. 2 sackcloth. [Related to JAram.–Syr. סַקָּא, Egypt.–Aram. שקקן (pl.), Ethiop. shaqq, Akka. shaqqu (= sack). Egypt. saq (= waistband), Coptic sok, Gk. sakkos, (whence L. saccus, which was borrowed by most European languages), are of Heb. origin. See ‘sack’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: שַׂקַּיִם, שַׂקִּיק, שַׂקִּית, שַׂקְנַאי.

שֶׁק m.n. FW cheque, check. [Fren. cheque, prob. derived from Arab. ṣaqq (= agreement, contract), from Pers. čäk (of s.m.).]

שָׁקָא m.n. PBH leg. [JAram., also BAram., and Mand. (= Heb. שׁוֹק, ‘leg’).]

שַׁקַּאי m.n. NH water carrier. [Nomen opificis formed from שׁקה (= to give to drink), according to the pattern פַּצָל.]

שׂקד (a base of doubtful origin and meaning).
    — Niph. - נִשְׂקַד (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 1:14 in the perf. and is usually rendered by ‘was bound’ or ‘was bent’).

שׁקד ᴵ to watch, wake.
    — Qal - שָׁקַד 1 he kept watch, was wakeful; PBH 2 was diligent, was zealous, he persevered.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּקֵּד he became industrious, became diligent, became zealous. [Phoen. שׁקד (= to be circumspect), Aram. שְׁקֵד (= he watched, waked, was watchful, was wakeful). cp. שָׁקֵד.] Derivatives: שֶׁקֶד, שַׁקָּד, שַׁקְדָן, שָׁקוּד, שְׁקִידָה.

שׁקד ᴵᴵ to be almond-shaped.
    — Pu. - שֻׁקַּד 1 was almond-shaped; NH 2 was filled with almonds. [From שָׁקֵד.]

שָׁקֵר m.n. 1 almond tree. 2 almond. NH 3 tonsil. [Derived from שׁקד ᴵ and so called because it is the tree which flourishes (= awakens) first. Related to Akka. shiqdu, shuqdu, shiqittu. Aram. שִׁגְדָּא, Syr. שֶׁגְדָּא, שֶׁגְדְתָא (whence Ethiop. segd), are Heb. loan words.] Derivatives: שׁקד ᴵᴵ, שְׁקֵדִי, שְׁקֵדִיָּה, מְשֻׁקָּד.

שֶֽׁקֶד m.n. MH industry, diligence. [Denominated from שָׁקַד (see שׁקד ᴵ).]

שַׁקָּד adj. PBH diligent, industrious. [From שׁקד ᴵ. A secondary form of שַׁקְדָן.]

שְׁקֵדִי adj. MH 1 almond-shaped. NH 2 tonsillar. [Formed from שָׁקֵד with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁקֵדִיָּה f.n. NH almond tree. [Formed from שָׁקֵד with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

שַׁקְדָּן adj. PBH diligent, industrious. [Formed from שָׁקַד (see שׁקד ᴵ) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שַׁקְדָּנוּת, שַׁקְדָּנִי.

שַׁקְדָּנוּת f.n. NH diligence, industriousness. [Formed from שַׁקְדָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁקְדָּנִי adj. NH diligent, industrious. [Formed from שַׁקְדָּן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁקֶּדֶת f.n. NH tonsillitis (disease). [Formed from שָׁקֵד (= tonsil), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

שׁקה to cause to drink, give to drink, water.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁקָה 1 he caused to drink, gave to drink; 2 he watered.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁקָה 1 was given to drink; 2 was watered.
    — Pu. - שֻׁקָּה was watered, was moistened, was refreshed. [Aram.–Syr. אַשְׁקִי (= he gave to drink, watered, irrigated), Ugar. shqy, Arab. saqā(y), Ethiop. saqā (= he gave to drink), OSArab. סקי (= to be irrigated), מסקי (= drinks), Akka. shaqū (= to drink; to give to drink). שׁקה is a defective verb inasmuch as it has no Qal. For the Qal the verb שׁתה is used. See שׁתה ᴵ. cp. ‘sakia’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: שָׁקוּי, שִׁקּוּי, שֹׁקִי, שַׁקַּאי, שֹׁקֶת, הַשְׁקָאָה, הַשְׁקָיָה, מַשְׁקֶה ᴵ, מַשְׁקֶה ᴵᴵ, מֻשְׁקֶה. cp. שָׁקְיָא. cp. also the second element in רַבְשָׁקֵה.

שָׁקוּד adj. PBH industrious, diligent. [Pass. part. of שָׁקַד (= he kept watch, was watchful); see שׁקד. This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

שָׁקוּט adj. PBH short (of neck). [Prob. a secondary form of שָׁקוּצַ.]

שָׁקוּי adj. saturated. [Formed as if it were the pass. part. of an otherwise non-existent Qal of שׁקה.]

שִׁקּוּי m.n. drink. [From שׁקה.]

שָׁקוּל adj. PBH 1 weighed. PBH 2 equal in value. PBH 3 evenly balanced, poised. PBH 4 undecided. NH 5 considered, taken into consideration. NH 6 rhymed. [Pass. part. of שָׁקַל. See שׁקל ᴵ.]

שִׁקּוּל m.n. PBH NH 1 weighing, balancing. NH 2 consideration. [Verbal n. of שִׁקֵּל (= he weighed, balanced, examined), Pi. of שׁקל ᴵ.]

שִׁקּוּם m.n. NH rehabilitation. [Verbal n. of שִׁקֵּם. See שׁקם.]

שָׁקֽוּעַ adj. PBH 1 submerged. PBH 2 concave. MH 3 immersed (in thoughts), engrossed. [Pass. part. of שָׁקַע (= he sank, was immersed; see שׁקע). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no passive part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

שִׁקּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 sinking. PBH 2 settling. PBH 3 depression. NH 4 outlay (in business). [Verbal n. of שִׁקַּע (= he sank, set down; he invested), Pi. of שׁקע.]

שָׁקוּף adj. transparent, translucent; clear; apparent (occurs several times in the Bible). [Of uncertain meaning. From שׁקף ᴵ.] Derivative: שְׁקוּפִית.

שִׁקּוּף m.n. NH trans-illumination with X-rays. 2 transparence. [Verbal n. of שִׁקֵּף, Pi. of שׁקף ᴵ.]

שְׁקוֹף m.n. PBH (pl. שְׁקוֹפוֹת) , lintel. [A secondary form of מַשְׁקוֹף.]

שְׁקוּפִית f.n. NH slide, diapositive slide. [Formed from שָׁקוּף with suff. ◌ִית.]

שִׁקּוִץ m.n. 1 abomination. 2 idol. [Verbal n. of שִׁקֵּץ (= he abhorred, detested), Pi. of שׁקץ.] Derivative: שִׁקּוּצִי.

שִׁקּוּצִי adj. NH abominable, detestable. [Formed from שִׁקּוּץ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שִׁקּוּק m.n. MH roving of bears (after the phrase דֹּב שׁוֹקֵק, Pr. 28:15, ‘a roving bear’). [From שׁקק ᴵ.]

שִׂקּוּר m.n. PBH winking. [Verbal n. of שִׂקֵּר, Pi. of שׂקר ᴵ. cp. סִקּוּר.]

שִׁקּוּר m.n. PBH lying, false dealing. [Verbal n. of שִׁקֵּר, Pi. of שׁקר.]

שִׁקּוֹר m.n. PBH earthen vessel. [Of unknown origin.]

שׁקט to rest, be quiet.
    — Qal - שָׁקַט 1 he rested, was quiet; 2 was unconcerned, was careless, remained still.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁקִיט 1 he gave rest to, made quiet, pacified, allayed, appeased; 2 he was quiet, was calm, was peaceful.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁקַט was calmed down, was pacified, was allayed, was appeased. [JAram. שְׁקַט (= he rested, was quiet, was undisturbed), Arab. saqaṭa (= he dropped down), Akka. shaqāṭu (= to drop). The original meaning of this base is ‘to drop down’, therefore, in spite of the opinion of most lexicographers, not related to base שׁתק (= to be silent).] Derivatives: שֶׁקֶט, שָׁקֵט, שַׁקְטָן, שָׁקוּט, שִׁקּוּט, הַשְׁקֵט, הַשְׁקָטָה, מַשְׁקֵט, מִשְׁקָט.

שֶֽׁקֶט m.n. 1 quietness, calm, peace (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. I 22:9). NH 2 silence. [From שׁקט.]

שָׁקֵט adj. MH quiet, calm, peaceful. [From שׁקט.]

שַׁקְטן adj. & m.n. quiet, calm, peaceful. [Formed from שָׁקַט (see שׁקט) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שֹׁקִי m.n. PBH (see שַׁקְיָה).

שָׁקְיָא m.n. PBH he who gives to drink, cupbearer, butler. [Aram., from שׁקא, אַשְׁקְי (= he gave to drink). See שׁקה.]

שְׁקִידָה f.n. PBH diligence, industry. [Verbal n. of שָׁקַד; see שׁקד ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁקְיָה f.n. PBH 1 irrigated land. 2 irrigation channel. [From שׁקה (= to water). cp. JAram. שִׁקְיָא (= giving to drink, watering).]

שְׁקִיטָה f.n. MH resting, rest. [Verbal n. of שָׁקַט. See שׁקט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁקִיטָן m.n. NH flamingo. [From JAram. שְׁקִיטָנָא.]

שָׁקִיל adj. NH 1 equivalent. 2 weighable. [Coined from שָׁקַל (= he weighed, balanced; see שׁקל), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: שִׁקִילוּת.

שְׁקִילָה f.n. PBH 1 weighing. NH 2 consideration. [Verbal n. of שָׁקַל. See שׁקל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁקִילוּת f.n. NH 1 equivalence. 2 weighability. [Formed from שָׁקִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׂקַּֽיִם m.n. NH pl. double bag on an animal’s back. [Dual of שַׂק.]

שָׁקַּֽיעַ adj. NH that which can be sunk. [Coined from שָׁקַע (= it sank; see שׁקע), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

שְׁקִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 sinking. MH 2 (short for שְׁקִיעַת־הַחַמָּה, ‘setting of the sun, sunset’). 3 absorption (in thoughts). [Verbal n. of שָׁקַע. See שׁקע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁקִיעִין m.n. PBH forgotten titles of confiscated properties. [From שָׁקַע (= it sunk). See שׁקע.]

שָׁקִיף ᴵ m.n. PBH cliff, crag. [From שָׁקַף (= it overhung). See שׁקף ᴵ.]

שָׁקִיף ᴵᴵ m.n. NH boss (of a bayonet). [From שָׁקַף. See שׁקף ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁקִיפָה f.n. MH beating, striking. [Verbal n. of שָׁקַף. See שׁקף ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁקִיפוּת f.n. NH transparence, translucence. [Formed from שָׁקוּף with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׂקִּיק m.n. NH a small bag. [Dimin. formed from שַׂק through reduplication of the ק.]

שְׁקִיקָה ᴵ f.n. MH growling (of a bear). [Verbal n. of שָׁקַק. See שׁקק ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁקִיקָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH yearning, longing. [Verbal n. of שָׁקַק. See שׁקק ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. שְׁקִיקוּת.]

שְׁקִיקוּת f.n. PBH yearning, longing. [A collateral form of שְׁקִיקָה ᴵᴵ. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׂקִּית f.n. NH a small bag. [Formed from שַׂק with the dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

שׁקל ᴵ to weigh, balance; to weigh out, pay money; to consider, examine.
    — Qal - שָׁקַל 1 he weighed, balanced; 2 he weighed out a price (i.e. ‘paid money’); 3 he paid half a ‘shekel’ to the temple; NH 4 he paid a ‘shekel’ to the Zionist organization; MH 5 he examined, considered; PBH 6 it weighed.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁקַל 1 was weighed, was balanced, was weighed out; NH 2 was considered, assessed, was examined.
    — Pi. - שִׁקֵּל PBH 1 he considered; assessed, examined; NH 2 he balanced.
    — Pu. - שֻׁקַּל MH 1 was considered, was assessed, was examined; NH 2 was balanced.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּקֵּל he weighed himself.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁקִיל he sold a Zionist shekel.
    — Pi. - (see שׁקלל). [For the sense development of שָׁקַל (= he weighed; he weighed out, he paid), it should be borne in mind that orig. the legal tender was metal (esp. gold, silver and brass), and that in payment of the merchandise a certain weight of the metal was given to the seller. If the metal was weightier than the price of the merchandise, the overweight was broken off and handed over to the buyer.] [Phoen. and OAram. שׁקל (= to weigh), Phoen. משׁקל (= weight), Egypt.-Aram., Mand. תקל (= to weigh), Arab. thaqula (= was heavy), Ethiop. saqala (= he hung up, weighed), Akka. shaqālu (= to weigh), shuqalulu (= to hang), Ugar. ṯql (= shekel). According to Haupt, the verb שׁקל itself is borrowed from Akkadian. See שֶׁקֶל ᴵ. In the senses 3 and 4 שָׁקַל is denominated from שֶׁקֶל ᴵ.] Derivatives: שֶׁקֶל ᴵ, שֶׁקֶל ᴵᴵ, שָׁקוּל, שָׁקִיל, שֽׁקִילָה, שׁוֹקֵל, הַשְׁקָלָה, הִשָּׁקְלוּת, הִשֽׁתַּקּֽלוּת, מִשְׁקוֹל, מִשֽׁקָל, מִשְׁקֶלֶת, מִשְׁקֹלֶת. cp. תקל, תְּקִיל.

שׁקל ᴵᴵ to take.
    — Qal - שָׁקַל (= he took), occurring in the phrases שָׁקַל וְטָרָה (after JAram. שֽׁקַל וּטְרֵי, ‘he negotiated’, and שָׁקַל לְמִטַּרְפּֽסוֹ, after JAram. שַׁקֽלֵהּ לֽמִטַּרֽפְּסֵהּ, ‘he got due punishment’). cp. שַׁקְלָא. [From Aram. שְׁקַל (= he took), borrowed from Aram.-Syr. שְׁקַל (= he lifted up, carried, bore; he took), which is prob. Shaph‘el of קַל (= was lightened, was relieved), from base קלל (= to be light, be easy).]

שֶֽׁקֶל ᴵ m.n. 1 a weight, shekel (orig. ‘weight’). 2 name of a coin. PBH 3 annual Temple tax. NH 4 annual membership due to the Zionist organization. NH 5 official Heb. name of the Israeli pound. [Borrowed from Akka. shiqlu, which derives from shaqālu (= to weigh). cp. BAram. תְּקֵל, JAram. תִּקְלָא, Egypt.-Aram. שׁקל, Ugar. tql (= shekel), Syr. תְּקָלָא (= weight, mass, bulk), Arab. thaql (= load), Gk. siklos (name of an Old Persian coin, which is a Heb. loan word). See ‘siglos’ in my CEDEL.]

שֶֽׁקֶל ᴵᴵ m.n. MH meter (in poetry, rhythm). [From שׁקל. For sense development cp. מִשְׁקָל.]

שַׁקְלָא m.n. PBH taking. [A JAram. word occurring in the phrase שַׁקְלָא וֽטַרֽיָא (after שְׁקַל וּטְרֵי, ‘negotiation’). [From (= he took). See שׁקל ᴵᴵ.]

שִׁקְלוּל m.n. NH balancing, poising. [Verbal n. of שִׁקְלֵל. See שׁקלל.]

שׁקלל to balance, poise.
    — Pil. - שִׁקְלֵל he balanced, poised.
    — Pul. - שֻׁקְלַל was balanced, was poised. [Pil. of שׁקל ᴵ.] Derivative: שִׁקְלוּל.

שׁקם to stand up, rise.
    — Shiph. - שִׁקֵּם he reconstructed, rehabilitated.
    — Pu. - שֻׁקַּם was reconstructed, was rehabilitated. [Shiph. of קום.] Derivative: שִׁקּוּם.

שֶֽׁקֶם m.n. NH ‘Shekem’ — canteen service of the Israeli army. [Formed from the initials of the words שֵׁרוּת קַנְטִינוֹת וּמִזְנוֹנִים, ‘service of canteens and buffets’.] Derivative: שַׁקְמַאי.

שַׁקְמַאי m.n. NH ‘Shekem’ employee. [Formed from שֶׁקֶם with suff. ◌ַאי.]

שִׁקְמָה f.n. (pl. שִׁקְמִים, also שִׁקְמוֹת) sycamore tree. [Related to JAram. שִׁקְמָא, Syr. שֶׁקְמָא, Chr.–Pal. שׁוּקְמָא (= sycamore tree). Gk. sykaminos (= mulberry), and the first element in sykomoros (= the sycamore tree), are Sem. loan words. Arab. suqūm is prob. borrowed from Aramaic. See ‘Sycamore’, ‘Sycomore’ in my CEDEL.]

שַׂקְנַאי m.n. NH pelican. [From שַׂק (= sack), so called in allusion to its distensible gular pouch in which the food (fish) is caught. For the ending see suff. ◌ַאי.]

שׁקע to sink, sink down, go down.
    — Qal - שָׁקַע 1 it sank, sank down; 2 sank into oblivion, was forgotten; 3 it declined, decayed, degenerated; NH 4 was immersed (in work, etc.); NH 5 was absorbed (in thought, etc.).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁקַע 1 it sank; MH 2 absorbed in, addicted to; 3 sank into oblivion, was forgotten.
    — Pi. - שִׁקַּע 1 he sank (tr.); 2 he put into, stuck into, inserted; 3 he immersed.
    — Pu. - שֻׁקַּע PBH 1 was sunk; PBH 2 was put into, was stuck into, was inserted; PBH 3 was immersed; MH 4 became concave.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּקַּע PBH 1 was sunk; PBH 2 sank into oblivion, was forgotten; MH 3 he settled permanently; MH 4 he was immersed, was absorbed (fig.).
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁקִיעַ 1 he caused to sink lower; NH 2 he invested (money).
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁקַע 1 was sunk; 2 was invested (said of money). [Aram. שֽׁקַע (= it sank, sank down; it went down), prob. also Arab. ṣaqi‘a (= was smitten, was prostrated, collapsed). The change of שׂ to ṣ is prob. due to the influence of the emphatic q.] Derivatives: שֶׁקֵע, שֹׁקַע, שָׁקוּעַ, שִׁקּוּעַ, שָׁקִיעַ, שְׁקִיעָה, שְׁקִיעִין, שׁוֹקֵעַ, הַשְׁקָעָה, אַשְׁקָעָה, הִשְׁתַּקְּעוּת, מִשֽׁקָע.

שֶֽׁקַע m.n. PBH NH 1 depression. PBH 2 hollow recess. NH 3 decrease. NH 4 socket (electricity). [From שׁקע.]

שֹֽׁקַע m.n. NH draft (of a ship). [From שׁקע.]

שְׁקַעֲרוּרָה f.n. hollow, depression (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 14:37 in the pl.). [Shaph. formed from קער (= to be deep, be concave), through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: שְׁקַעֲרוּרִי, שְׁקַעֲרוּרִית.

שְׁקַעֲרוּרִי adj. NH concave. [Formed from שְׁקַעֲרוּרָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁקַעֲרוּרִית f.n. NH a small concave surface, a small depression. [Formed from שְׁקַעֲרוּרָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

שׁקף ᴵ to overhang; to look out and down.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁקַף 1 he leaned over, overhung; 2 he looked down.
    — Pi. - שִׁקֵּף 1 he made transparent, made visible; 2 it reflected, mirrored.
    — Pu. - שֻׁקַּף 1 was made transparent, was made visible; 2 was reflected (said of light), was mirrored.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּקֵף 1 was made transparent, was made visible; 2 was reflected, was mirrored.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁקִיף 1 he looked down upon; PBH 2 he considered, pondered, meditated; NH 3 he reviewed.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׁקַף was considered, was visible, appeared.
    — Pil. (see . - שׁקפף ). [Aram.–Syr. שֽׁקִיפָא (= rocky pinnacle, rock), Arab. saqf (= ceiling, roof; sky), saqafa (= he ceiled, roofed). For the sense development of שׁקף ᴵ cp. Arab. ’ashrafa (= he overtopped, overlooked), from sharufa (= was high), iṭṭala‘a (= he looked down upon), from ṭala‘a (= he rose), and Gk. skopelos (= high rock, peak), which is related to skopein (= to look at, examine).] — The Qal occurs only in the act. part. (see שָׁקוּף). Derivatives: שֶׁקֶף ᴵᴵ, שַׁקָּף, שִׁקּוּף, שָׁקִיף ᴵ, הַשֽׁקָפָה, הִשֽׁתַּקְּפוּת, מַשֽׁקִיף, מִשְׁקָף, מִשְׁקָפַיִם, מִשֽׁקֶפֶת, תַּשֽׁקִיף, תִּשְׁקֹפֶת.

שׁקף ᴵᴵ to beat, strike, knock.
    — Qal - שָׁקַף he beat, struck, knocked.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁקִיף he shut tight (his eyes). cp. the related base סקף. [Aram.–Syr. שֽׁקַף (= he struck), whence שֶׁקֶף ᴵ (= framework, casing of doors; lit.: ‘that against which the door strikes’), and מַשְׁקוֹף (= upper part of doorway, lintel; with the same sense development as שֶׁקֶף ᴵ). However, Zimmern sees in both these words loan words from Akka. sakkapu (= bolt, bar), askuppatu (= threshold). See אַסֽקֻפָּה.] Derivatives: שְׁקוֹף, שָׁקִיף ᴵᴵ, שֽׁקִיפָה.

שֶֽׁקֶף ᴵ m.n. framework, casing of doors (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 7:5). [From שׁקף ᴵᴵ (q.v.).]

שֶֽׁקֶף ᴵᴵ m.n. NH 1 view. 2 perspective. [From שׁקף ᴵ.]

שַׁקָּף m.n. NH diascope. [Formed from שִׁקִּף, Pi. of שׁקף ᴵ.]

שׁקפף to make transparent.
    — Pil. - שִׁקְפֵּף he made transparent.
    — Pul. - שֻׁקְפַּף was made transparent. [Pil. of שׁקף ᴵ.]

שׁקץ to detest, to make abominable.
    — Pi. - שִׁקֵּץ 1 he detested; 2 (denominated from שֶׁקֶץ) he made detestable, made abominable.
    — Pu. - שֻׁקַּץ was detested.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּקֵּץ he became abominable.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁקִיץ it caused to swarm with reptiles. [JAram. שַׁקֵּץ (= he detested, made abominable), Akka. shaqṣu (= abominable), shiqṣu (= a defiling illness).] Derivatives: שֶׁקֶץ, שִׁקְצָה, שִׁקּוּץ, מְשֻׁקָּץ.

שֶֽׁקֶץ m.n. 1 detestation, abomination. 2 detestable thing; unclean animal. NH 3 a Gentile boy; an uneducated boy (colloq.). [From שׁקץ.]

שִׁקְצָה f.n. NH 1 a non-Jewish woman, esp. a young one. 2 a Jewish woman who does not lead a ‘kosher’ household. [Formed with first suff. ◌ָה from שֶׁקֶץ (in sense 3) under the influence of Yiddish שיקסע, which itself is traceable to Heb. שֶׁקֶץ.]

שׁקק ᴵ to rove, run about noisily, rush in uproar.
    — Qal - שָׁקַק 1 he rushed in uproar upon; 2 he grunted (said of a bear); NH 3 (fig.) he bustled, fermented with life. For Pilpel — see שׁקשׁק. [The basic meaning of שׁקק ᴵ is ‘to make a noise, or move about noisily’. It is of imitative origin.] Derivatives: שֶׁקֶק ᴵ, שֽׁקָקָה, שִׁקּוּק, שׁוֹקֵק ᴵ, שְׁקִיקָה ᴵᴵ, שְׁקִיקוּת, מַשָּׁק ᴵ.

שׁקק ᴵᴵ to desire.
    — Qal - שָׁקַק he desired (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 107:9).
    — Hithpol. - הִשְׁתּוֹקֵק he yearned, longed, desired. [Related to base שׁוק ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שֶׁקֶק ᴵᴵ, שִׁקּוּק ᴵᴵ, שֽׁקִיקָה ᴵᴵ, הִשֽׁתּוֹקֽקוּת, שֽׁקִיקוּת, שׁוֹקֵק ᴵᴵ.

שְׁקָק ᴵ m.n. PBH a small market place. [Dimin. of שׁוּק (= market place). cp. Aram.–Syr. שֽׁקָקָא, Arab. zuqāqu, from Akka. suqāqu (= narrow passage, lane, alley).]

שֶֽׁקֶק ᴵ m.n. NH noise, rushing, uproar. [From שׁקק ᴵ. cp. שְׁקָקָה.]

שֶֽׁקֶק ᴵᴵ m.n. yearning, longing, desire. [From שׁקק ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁקָקָה f.n. NH noise, rushing, uproar. [Verbal n. of שָׁקַק. See שׁקק ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שׂקר ᴵ to wink, to ogle.
    — Pi. - שִׂקֵּר he winked; he ogled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 3:16). [JAram.–Syr. סֽקַר (= he looked, gazed). See סקר ᴵ.] Derivative: שִׂקּוּר.

שׂקר ᴵᴵ to paint red.
    — Pi. - שִׂקֵּר he painted red. [Syr. סְקַר (= he smeared with paint), Arab. shaqira (= was red). See סקר ᴵᴵ and cp. שׂרק ᴵᴵ.]

שׁקר to lie, deal falsely.
    — Qal - שָׁקַר he lied, dealt falsely.
    — Pi. - שִׁקֵּר he lied, dealt falsely, swindled, defrauded.
    — Pu. - שֻׁקַּר was proved a lie, was proved false.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּקֵּר was proved a liar. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁקַר, Pa. שַׁקֵּר (= he lied, deceived, dealt falsely), JAram., Mand. שִׁקְרָא, Syr. שׁוּקֽרָא (= lie, falsehood), Arab. suqar and shuqar, Akka. tashqirtu (= lie). Arab. suqar and shuqar are Aram. loan words.] Derivatives: שֶׁקֶר, שַׁקָּר, שַׁקְּרָן, שִׁקּוּר, שְׁקִירָה, מְשֻׁקָּר. cp. שִׁקְרָא.

שֶֽׁקֶר m.n. lie, falsehood, deception (by words). [From שׁקר.] Derivatives: שַׁקְרַאי, שִׁקְרוּת, שִׁקֽרִי.

שַׁקָּר m.n. PBH liar. [Coined from שִׁקֵּר (= he lied), Pi. of שׁקר, according to the pattern פַּעָל, used to form nomina opificis. Accordingly שַׁקָּר denotes a habitual liar, i.e. one who is engaged in lying as if it were his profession. cp. שַּׁקְרָן.]

שִׁקְרָא m.n. PBH lie. [JAram., corresponding to Heb. שֶׁקֶר (q.v.), more exactly to הֵשֶּׁקֶר (= the lie), since שִׁקְרָא is the emphatic state although it is generally used in the sense of the abs. state.]

שַׁקְרַאי m.n. PBH liar. [Formed from שֶׁקֶר with suff. ◌ַאי.]

שִׁקְרוּת f.n. MH lying. [Formed from שֶׁקֶר with suff. ◌וּת.]

שִׁקְרִי adj. MH based on a lie, false. [Formed from שֶׁקֶר with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁקְּרָן m.n. PBH liar. [Formed from שִׁקֵּר, Pi. of שׁקר. cp. שַׁקָּר. For the difference in meaning between these two nouns see second suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שַׁקְּרָנוּת, שַׁקְּרָנִי.

שַׁקְּרָנוּת f.n. MH mendacity. [Formed from שַׁקְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁקְּרָנִי adj. MH mendacious. [Formed from שַׁקְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שִׁקְשׁוּק m.n. NH noise, rumbling. [Verbal n. of שִׁקְשֵׁק. See שׁקשׁק ᴵ.]

שׁקשׁק ᴵ to make a noise.
    — Pilp. - שִׁקְשֵׁק he made a noise, caused an uproar, rushed along; it cracked, rustled.
    — Pulp. - שֻׁקְשַׁק a noise was made, an uproar was caused.
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׁתַּקְשֵׁק he rushed along, rushed to and fro. [Pilp. of שׁקק ᴵ. cp. קשׁקשׁ.]

שׁקשׁק ᴵᴵ to shake, move to and fro.
    — Pilp. - שִׁקְשֵׁק he shook, moved to and fro. [Prob. of imitative origin. cp. שׁכשׁך ᴵ.]

שֹֽׁקֶת f.n. (pl. שְׁקָתוֹת) drinking trough (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 24:20 and 30:38). [From שׁקהּ; related to Aram. sāqiya (= irrigating canal), siqāya (= watering place, drinking vessel).]

שַׂר m.n. 1 chief, leader. 2 captain, general. 3 ruler. 4 prince, nobleman. 5 patron angel. NH 6 minister. [From שׂרר. cp. סֶרֶן ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: שָׂרָה.

שָׁר m.n. 1 singer. NH 2 poet. [Subst. use of the act. part. of שִׁיר (= to sing). See שׁיר ᴵ.]

שֹׁר m.n. navel string, navel (in the Bible occurring Ezek. 16:4 in the form שָׁרֵּךְ and Pr. 3:8 in the form שָׁרֶּֽךְ). [Prob. derived from base שׁרר (= to be strong). Related to Aram. שׁוּרָא, Syr. שֶׁרָא, Mand. שׁורא, Arab. surr (of s.m.). cp. the collateral form שֹׁרֶר.]

שֵׁר m.n. NH chain, bracelet. [See שֵׁיר.]

שׁרב ᴵ to glow, be parched. [JAram.–Syr. שְׁרֵב (= it glowed, was parched), JAram. שְׁרַב, Mand. שׁירבא (= heat, drought), Arab. sarāb (= mirage, fata morgana). Base of שָׁרָב; prob. related to base צרב.]

שׁרב ᴵᴵ to get sunstroke.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתָּרֵב was overcome by heat, was parched. [Denominated from שָׁרָב.]

שָׁרָב m.n. 1 burning heat. 2 parched ground. [According to several commentators שָׁרָב means ‘mirage’ or ‘fata morgana’, in accordance with the meaning of Arab. sarāb (see שׁרב ᴵ).] Derivative: שׁרב ᴵᴵ.

שׁרבב to stretch out, prolong, let hang down, let down.
    — Shiph. - שִׁרְבֵּב PBH 1 he stretched out, prolonged, enlarged, drew down, let down; NH 2 he inserted in the wrong place.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁרֽבַּב 1 was stretched out, was prolonged, was enlarged, was drawn down, was let down; 2 was inserted in the wrong place.
    — Hish. - הִשְׁתַּרְבֵּב (of s.m.). [Borrowed from Aram. שַׁרְבֵּב (= he prolonged, let hang down, let down), Shaph. of רבב ᴵ, yet not in the sense ‘to grow, be great’, but in the meaning ‘to be low’, which occurs only in Akka. shurbub (= to lower, make low, to humble).] Derivatives: שִׁרְבּוּב, הִשְׁתַּרְבְּבוּת, מְשֻׁרְבָּב.

שִׁרְבּוּב m.n. NH 1 stretching out, prolongation, enlargement. 2 insertion in the wrong place. [Verbal n. of שִׁרְבֵּב. See שׁרבב.]

שִׁרְבּוּט m.n. NH scribbling. [Verbal n. of שִׁרְבֵּט. cp. שִׁרְבֵּט ᴵᴵ.]

שׁרבט ᴵ to stretch, stiffen; to flog, whip.
    — Pi. - שִׁרְבֵּט 1 he stretched, stiffened (an animal to give it an attractive appearance, so that he should be able to sell it more easily); 2 he pouted (his lips); 3 he flogged, whipped.
    — Pu. - שֻׁרְבַּט 1 was stretched, was stiffened; 2 was flogged, was whipped.
    — Nith. - נִשְׁתַּרְבֵּט (of s.m.). [Denominated from שַׁרְבִּיט.]

שׁרבט ᴵᴵ to scribble.
    — Pi. - שִׁרְבֵּט he scribbled. [Of uncertain origin, possibly denominated from שַׁרְבִּיט.] Derivatives: שִׁרְבּוּט, מְשֻׁרְבָּט.

שְׁרָבִי adj. NH very hot, khamsin-like. [Formed from שָׁרָב with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁרְבִיט m.n. 1 rod, staff, scepter. PBH 2 shoot, twig. NH 3 conductor’s baton. [Prob. Aramaized from Akka. shabbitu (= שֵׁבֶט; q.v.), from which it was dissimilated into שַׁרְבִיט ( bb became rb). cp. base כרסם (= to chew, gnaw), which was dissimilated from כסם (= to shear, clip). cp. Coptic sharbōt, herbōt (= staff, rod), beside sh(e)bot.] Derivatives: שׁרבט ᴵ (possibly also שׁרבט ᴵᴵ), שַׁרְבִיטַאי, שַׁרְבִיטָן.

שַׁרְבִיטַאי m.n. NH drum major. [Formed from שַׁרְבִיט with suff. ◌ַאי.]

שַׁרְבִיטָן m.n. NH Ephedra (a genus of plants). [Formed from שַׁרְבִיט with suff. ◌ָן.]

שְׁרַבְרָב m.n. NH plumber. [From JAram. שְׁרַבְרוֹבָא, occurring Talmud Yerushalmi and explained by one of the commentators to mean ‘pipe, tube’. Of unknown origin.] Derivative: שְׁרַבְרָבוּת.

שְׁרַבְרָבוּת f.n. NH plumbing, plumbery. [Formed from שֽׁרַבְרָב with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׂרג to interweave, interlace, intertwine.
    — Pi. - שֵׂרֵג he interwove, interlaced, intertwined.
    — Pu. - שׂרַג was interwoven, was interlaced, was intertwined (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 40:17 in the form יְשׂרָגוּ).
    — Hith. - הִשֽׂתָּרֵג was interwoven, was interlaced, was intertwined (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 1:14 in the form הִשְׂתָּרְגוּ). [JAram.–Syr. סרג (= he interwove, intertwined; see סרג), Arab. sharīja (= basket woven of palm leaves). Arab. saraja (= he braided, plaited) is a Aram. loan word. See סרג and cp. the related base שׂרך.] Derivatives: שֶׂרֶג, שֵׂרוּג, שָׂרִיג ᴵ, הִשְׂתָּרְגוּת.

שֶֽׂרֶג m.n. NH intertwining, interlacing. [From שׂרג.]

שְׁרָגָא m.n. PBH candle. [Aram., related to Syr. שְׁרָגָא (of s.m.), Arab. sirāj (= burning light, lamp).]

שׁרגג to entice, seduce.
    — Shiph. - שִׁרְגֵּג (= he enticed, seduced). [From Aram. שַׁרְגוּגָא. See שִׁרְגּוּג.]

שִׁרְגּוּג m.n. NH enticement, seduction. [From JAram. שַׁרֽגּוּגָא (of s.m.), from שַׁרְגֵג (= he enticed, seduced), Shaph. of רְגַג (= he desired, coveted), hence שַׁרְגֵג properly means ‘he caused to desire, caused to covet’.]

שִׁרְגּוּן m.n. NH reorganization. [Verbal n. of שִׁרְגֵּן. See שׁרגן.]

שׁרגן to reorganize.
    — Shiph. - שִׁרְגֵּן he reorganized.
    — Shuph. - שֻׁרְגַּן was reorganized. [Shiph. of ארגן (= to organize).]

שׂרד to escape, run away, remain alive.
    — Qal - שָׂרַד he escaped, ran away, remained alive (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Josh. 10:20).
    — Pi. - שֵׂרַד he left over.
    — Pu. - שׂרַד was left over.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂרַיד he saved, rescued.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׂרַד was saved, was rescued. [Arab. sharada (= it took fright, shied, ran away), Syr. סְרַד (= was terrified), סְרִידָא (= survivor). cp. סָרָד.] Derivatives: שֶׂרֶד ᴵᴵ, שָׂרוּד, שָׂרִיד.

שֶֽׂרֶד ᴵ m.n. stylus, marking tool (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 44:13, usually translated from the context by ‘marking tool, stylus’). [Of uncertain etymology.]

שֶֽׂרֶד ᴵᴵ m.n. NH remnant. [From שׂרד.]

שְׂרָד m.n. service (in the Bible occurring only in the phrase בִּגְדֵי־שְׂרָד, which is usually rendered by ‘garments of service’; this rendering is based on the Septuagint, which is due to a confusion of שְׂרָד with שָׁרֵת, ‘service’). [Of uncertain etymology Perhaps lit. meaning ‘plaited work’, and related to Aram. סְרָדָא (= lattice-work).]

שָׁרָדָה f.n. FW charade. [Fren. charade, from Provençal charrado (= talk, chat), which is of imitative origin. cp. It. ciarlare, Sp. charlar (= to talk, prattle).]

שׂרה to fight, strive, contend.
    — Qal - שָׂרָה he fought, strove, contended (Gen. 32:29, Hos. 12:4). [Arab. shara(y) (= he was angry), shāra(y) (= he contended). Prob. related to שׂרר.] Derivative: מִשְׂרָה. cp. the first element in יִשְׂרָאֵל.

שָׂרָה f.n. 1 princess, noble lady. NH 2 woman minister of state. [f. of שַׂר (= prince; minister of state). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

שׁרה ᴵ to let loose; to dissolve; to open.
    — Qal - שָׁרָה he untied, opened.
    — Pi. - שֵׁרָה he loosened, released, set free. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁרָא (= he loosened, untied, unfastened, unbound, unburdened; he permitted, allowed), Ethiop. saraya (= he remitted, condoned), Akka. shurrū (= to begin, open). cp. שׁרה ᴵᴵ and שׁרה ᴵⱽ.] Derivative: שָׁרוּי ᴵᴵᴵ. cp. תִּשְׁרֵי. cp. also שׁרה ᴵᴵ.

שׁרה ᴵᴵ to rest, dwell.
    — Qal - שָׁרָה he was encamped, rested, dwelled.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁרָה 1 he caused to rest, caused to dwell; 2 he induced (electricity).
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁרָה 1 was made to rest, was made to dwell; 2 was induced (electricity).
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתָּרָה he settled down, rested, dwelled. [Aram.–Syr. שֽׁרָא, properly a special sense development of שׁרה ᴵ (= to loose; to untie one’s load for the sake of pitching one’s camp), whence ‘to be encamped; to rest, dwell’.] Derivatives: שָׁרוּי ᴵᴵ, שְׁרִיָה ᴵ, הַשֽׁרָאָה, אַשְׁרָאָה, הַשְׁרָיָה, מַשְׁרָן.

שׁרה ᴵᴵᴵ to immerse, soak, steep, saturate.
    — Qal - שָׁרָה he immersed, soaked, steeped, saturated.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁרָה was immersed, was soaked, was steeped, was saturated. [JAram.–Syr. תְּרָא, Chr.–Pal. תרא (= he dissolved; was soaked, was damp), Syr. תֶּרְיָנָא (= grape juice), Arab. thariya (= was moist), prob. also Akka. sherū (= to grow luxuriantly), meshrū (= growth).] Derivatives: שָׁרוּי ᴵᴵᴵ, שְׁרִיָּה ᴵᴵ, מִשְׁרָה, מַשְׁרִית, תַּשְׁרִית.

שׁרה ᴵⱽ to maintain, support.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁרָה he caused someone to maintain or support. [Generally considered of uncertain origin. According to my opinion שׁרה ᴵⱽ represents a special sense development of שׁרה ᴵᴵ (= to rest, dwell), hence related to Aram.–Syr. שְׁרָא (= he loosened, untied), whence שְׁרָא צוֹמָא (= he broke a fast), hence ‘he ate, feasted’ (for sense development cp. Eng. to breakfast, properly ‘to break the fast’). JAram. שֵׁירוּי, שֵׁירוּתָא (= meal, feast), Syr. שָׁרוּתָא (of s.m.), also derive from Aram.-Syr. שְׁרָא.]

שָׁרָה f.n. 1 woman singer. 2 row (a secondary form of שׁוּרָה).

שֵׁרָה f.n. chain, bracelet. [A secondary form of שֵׁר.]

שֵׂרוּג m.n. NH interlacing, intertwining. [Verbal n. of שֵׂרֵג, Pi. of שׂרג.]

שָׂרוּד adj. NH left. [Pass. part. of שָׂרַד. See שׂרד.]

שַׁרְווּל m.n. PBH 1 leather sleeve. NH 2 sleeve. [The reading of the Geonim is שַׁרְבָּל; prob. a secondary form of סַרְבָּל (= garment, cloak; trousers). The meaning ‘sleeve’ is due to a metaphor.] Derivative: שַׁרְווּלִית.

שַׁרְווּלִית f.n. NH cuff. [Formed from שַׁרְווּל with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

שָׂרוּט adj. scratched. [Pass. part. of שָׂרַט. See שׂרט and cp. סָרוּט.]

שָׁרוּי ᴵ adj. PBH 1 dwelling, living, staying. 2 being in a certain position. [Pass. part. of שָׁרָה. See שׁרה ᴵᴵ.]

שָׁרוּי ᴵᴵ adj. PBH immersed, soaked, steeped, saturated. [Pass. part. of שָׁרָה. See שׁרה ᴵᴵᴵ.]

שָׁרוּי ᴵᴵᴵ adj. allowed, permitted. [Formed from Aram. שָׁרֵי (= permitted, allowed), pass. part. of שֽׁרִי, שְׁרָא (= he loosened, untied, unfastened, unbound; he allowed, permitted); hence properly pass. part. of שׁרה ᴵ. cp. שָׁרֵי.]

שְׂרוֹךְ m.n. lace, latchet, thong. [From שׂרך; rleated to Arab. shirāk (= shoe-latchet), sharak (= snare).] Derivatives: שׂרך ᴵᴵ, שְׂרוֹכִית, שְׂרוֹכָנִית.

שְׂרוֹכִית f.n. NH Zostera (a small genus of marine plants). [Formed from שְׂרוֹךְ with suff. ◌ִית.]

שְׂרוֹכָנִית f.n. NH Corrigiola (the type genus of the whitlowwort family). [Formed from שְׂרוֹךְ with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

שָׁרוֹן m.n. ‘Sharon’ — name of the fertile coastal plain extending from Jaffa to Mount Carmel. [Prob. aphetic for יֽשָׁרוֹן, lit.: ‘the Plain’, from יָשַׁר (= was straight, was even); see ישׁר. cp. מִישׁוֹר (= level land, plain), which derives from the same verb. cp. also יְשֻׁרוּן.]

שָׂרֽוּעַ adj. 1 one having a too large limb. MH 2 stretched out, extended. [Pass. part. Qal of שׂרע.] Derivative: שְׂרִיעוּת.

שֵׂרֽוּעַ m.n. MH outstretching, extension. [From שׂרע; formally verbal n. of an otherwise nonexisting Pi‘el.]

שָׂרוּף adj. burnt. [Pass. part. of שָׂרַף. See שׂרף.]

שֵׂרוּף m.n. PBH burning. [Verbal n. of שֵׂרַף, Pi. of שׂרף.]

שֵׁרוּץ m.n. MH swarming, teeming. [From שׁרץ.]

שָׂרוּק adj. see שָׂרֹק.

שָׁרוּק adj. MH voweled with a shuruq. [From שׁוּרֻק.]

שֵׁרוּשׁ m.n. NH uprooting, eradication. [Verbal n. of שֵׁרַשׁ (= he uprooted, eradicated), Pi. of שׁרשׁ.]

שֵׁרוּת m.n. PBH PBH 1 service. PBH 2 service in the Temple. NH 3 assistance. [Verbal n. of שֵׁרַת (= he saved), Pi. of שׁרת. cp. the second element in תַּקְשִׁיר.]

שַׁרְז׳ m.n. FW charge. [Fren. charge, from charger, from VL carricāre (= to put a load on), from L. carrus (= car), a word of Celtic origin. See קָרוֹן.]

שׂרט to scratch, scrape; to tattoo.
    — Qal - שָׂרַט he scratched, made incisions; he tattooed.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׂרַט was scratched, was lacerated.
    — Pi. - שֵׂרַט he scratched, lacerated.
    — Pu. - שׂרָט was scratched, was lacerated.
    — Hith. - הִשְׂתָּרֵט 1 was scratched; 2 he scratched himself.
    — Pil. (see . - שׂרטט ). [JAram.–Syr. סֽרַט (= he scratched), Arab. sharaṭa (= he slit), shart, sharat (= sign, mark), Akka. sharāṭu (= to rend one’s garments as a sign of mourning. cp. סרט ᴵ.] Derivatives: שֶׂרֶט, שָׂרֶטֶת, שָׂרוּט, שְׂרִיטָה, שַׂרְטָנִי, שׂוֹרְטָנִי, מַשְׂרֵט, מְשׂרָט, תַּשֽׂרִיט.

שֶֽׂרֶט m.n. scratch, incision, cut (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 19:28). [From שׂרט.]

שִׂרְטוּט m.n. PBH drawing, ruling, marking lines. [Verbal n. of שִׂרְטֵט. See שׂרטט.]

שִׂרְטוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. שִׂרְטוֹנוֹת) sandbank. [Borrowed from Gk. syrtis (= quicksand), from syrein (= to trail, drag, sweep away), which is related to sairein (= to sweep, clean). cp. ‘Syrtis’ in my CEDEL.]

שׂרטט to draw, rule, mark lines, delineate.
    — Pil. - שִׂרְטֵט PBH 1 he drew, ruled, marked lines; NH 2 he sketched.
    — Pul. - שֻׂרֽטַט PBH 1 was drawn, was ruled, was delineated; NH 2 was sketched. [Pil. of שׂרט. cp. סרטט.] Derivatives: שַׂרְטָט, שִׂרְטוּט.

שַׂרְטָט m.n. NH draftsman, draughtsman. [From שׂרטט. cp. סַרְטָט.]

שַׂרְטָנִי adj. NH scratching, scraping. [Formed from שָׂרַט (see שׂרט) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שָׂרֶֽטֶת f.n. incision, cut (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 21:5). [From שׂרט.]

שָׁרֵי adj. PBH allowed, permitted. [Aram., pass. part. of שְׁרָא, שְׁרִי (= he allowed, permitted). See שָׁרוּי ᴵᴵᴵ.]

שֶׁרִי m.n. FW sherry. [Eng. sherry, back formation from earlier sherries, which was mistaken from Xeres (pronounced sheris), now spelled Jerez (de la Frontera), a town near Cadiz, Spain, from L. (oppidum) Caesaris, ‘(the town) of Caesar’. Hence sherry properly means ‘wine of Jerez’.]

שָׂרִיג ᴵ m.n. vine tendril, twig. [Derived from שׂרג (= to interlace, intertwine); so called in allusion to the interlacing twigs. cp. the related Arab. sharīja (= palm leaf braid), Aram. סְרִיגָא, Syr. סְרִיגֽתָּא (= lattice, network, wickerwork, basket), Ethiop. mashgart (= net).]

שָׂרִיג ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH grate, lattice. [A collateral form of סָרִיג and derivatively identical with שָׂרִיג ᴵ.]

שָׂרִיד m.n. 1 survivor. 2 remnant, remainder. [From שׂרד.] Derivative: שְׂרִידוּת.

שְׂרִידוּת f.n. NH survival. [Formed from שָׂרִיד with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁרִיָּה ᴵ f.n. PBH being encamped, resting, dwelling. [Verbal n. of שָׁרָה (= was encamped, rested, dwelled). See שׁרה ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁרִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH immersion, soaking, steeping, saturation. [Verbal n. of שָׁרָה (= he immersed, soaked, steeped, saturated). See שׁרה ᴵᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁרְיָה ᴵ f.n. a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 41:18, usually regarded as a secondary form of שִׁרְיוֹן (= body armor). [It is more probable, however, that it is related to Arab. sirwa.] Derivative: שִׁרְיָה ᴵᴵ.

שִׁרְיָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH shoot for grafting. [From שִׁרֽיָה ᴵ.]

שִׁרְיוֹן, שִׁרְיָן m.n. (pl. שִׁרְיוֹנִים, respectively שִׁרְיָנִים) body armor, coat of mail. [Related to Aram. שִׁרְיָנָא, שִׁרְיוֹנָא, Syr. שֶׁרֽיָנָא, Akka. siryām. cp. Egypt. tarana, turana. cp. also the collateral form סִרֽיוֹן.] Derivatives: שִׁרֽיוֹנַאי, שִׁרְיוֹנִית, שׁרין.

שִׁרְיוּן m.n. NH 1 armoring. 2 securing. [Verbal n. of שִׁרֽיֵן. See שׁרין.]

שִׁרְיוֹנַאי m.n. NH member of the armored forces. [Formed from שִׁרְיוֹן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

שִׁרְיוֹנִית f.n. NH armored car. [Formed from שִׁרְיוֹן with suff. ◌ִית.]

שְׂרִיטָה f.n. PBH scratching, incision. [Verbal n. of שָׂרַט. See שׂרט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁרְיָן see שִׁרֽיוֹן.

שַׁרְיָן m.n. NH leader in communal singing. [Formed from שׁיר (= to sing), on the analogy of קַרְיָן (= reader of the Scriptures; announcer on the radio). For the ending of שַׁרֽיָן see agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שׁרין to armor; to secure, reserve.
    — Pi. - שִׁרְיֵן 1 he armored; 2 he secured, reserved.
    — Pu. - שֻׁרְיַן 1 was armored; 2 was secured, was reserved.
    — Nith. - וּשְׁתַּרֽיֵן 1 he armored himself; 2 became armored. [Denominated from שִׁרֽיוֹן.] Derivatives: שִׁרְיוּן, מְשֻׁרְיָן.

שְׂרִיעָה f.n. MH stretching, extending, extension. [From שׂרע; formally verbal n. of an otherwise nonexisting Qal.]

שְׂרִיעוּת f.n. NH extension. [Formed from שָׂרוּעַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׂרִיף adj. NH combustible, inflammable. [Coined from שָׂרַף (= he burned), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: שְׂרִיפוּת.

שְׂרִיף m.n. PBH see שְׂרָף.

שֶׁרִיף m.n. FW sheriff. [Eng. sheriff, from Old. Eng. scīr-gerēfa (= president of a shire), which is compounded of scīr (= shire), and gerēfa (= officer, governor). See ‘shire’ and ‘reeve’ (official), in my CEDEL and cp. ‘sheriff’ ibid.]

שְׂרִיפָה f.n. PBH dripping, secretion. [Prob. verbal n. of שָׂרַף. See שׂרף ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׂרֵיפָה see שְׂרֵפָה.

שְׂרִיפוּת f.n. NH combustibility, inflammability. [Formed from שָׂרִיף with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁרִיצָה f.n. MH swarming, teeming, multiplying. [Verbal n. of שָׁרַץ. See שׁרץ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שָׂרִיק adj. carded, combed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 19:9). [From שׂרק ᴵ.]

שְׁרִיק m.n. NH a short piping, a short whistling. [From שְׁרִיקָה.]

שְׁרִיקָה f.n. whistling, piping. [Verbal n. of שָׁרַק. See שׁרק and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שְׁרֵקָה.]

שָׁרִיר ᴵ m.n. sinew, muscle (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 40:16). [From שׁרר (= to be strong). cp. שָׁרִיר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שְׁרִירִי, שְׁרִירִית, שְׁרִירָן, תִּשֽׁרֹרֶת.

שָׁרִיר ᴵᴵ adj. PBH strong, firm, hard, enduring. [Borrowed from Aram. שָׁרִיר (= strong, firm, enduring). However, noun שְׁרִירוּת occurs already in the Bible.] Derivative: תַּשֽׁרִיר.

שְׁרִירוּת f.n. MH firmness, hardness, stubbornness (almost always used in the phrase שְׁרִירוּת־לֵב, ‘stubbornness’, ‘obduracy’, ‘arbitrariness’). [From שׁרר.] Derivative: שְׁרִירוּתִי.

שְׁרִירוּתִי adj. NH arbitrary. [Formed from שְׁרִירוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁרִירִי adj. NH muscular. [Formed from שָׁרִיר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁרִירִית f.n. NH Myometrium (anatomy); lit.: ‘a small muscle’. [Formed from שָׁרִיר (n.), with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

שְׁרִירָן m.n. NH a muscular person. [Formed from שָׁרִיר (= muscle), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שָׁרִית m.n. NH civil servant. [From שׁרת.]

שֵׁרִית f.n. remnant, remainder, residue. [Defective spelling of שְׁאֵרִית.]

שָׂרִית f.n. MH noblewoman. [Formed from שַׂר with suff. ◌ִית.]

שָׁרָךְ m.n. NH Pterydophyta (botany). [From Aram. שַׁרְכָּא, which is of unknown origin.]

שׂרך ᴵ to twist, twine, entangle.
    — Pi. - שֵׂרַךְ he twisted, entangled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:23).
    — Hith. - הִשְׂתָּרֵךְ he went slowly, trudged along. [JAram. סְרַךְ (= he twisted, twined; he adhered, stuck), Syr. סְרֵךְ (= he adhered, stuck; he was addicted), Arab. sharika (= he shared, participated), sharak (= snare), shirāk (= shoe latchet). cp. the related bases סרך, שׂרג.] Derivative: הִשְׂתָּרְכוּת.

שׂרך ᴵᴵ to lace (shoes).
    — Qal - שָׂרַךְ he laced (his shoes). [Denominated from שְׂרוֹךְ.]

שַׁרְלָטָן m.n. FW charlatan. [Fren. charlatan, from It. ciarlatano, from earlier cerretano (of s.m.), from L. ceretānus (lit.: ‘inhabitant of Cerredo’, a town near Spoleto in Italy, famous for its quacks and impostors. It. ciarlatano was influenced in form by It. ciarlare (= to prattle).] Derivative: שַׁרְלָטָנִי.

שַׁרְלָטָנִי adj. FW charlatanic. [Formed from שַׁרְלָטָן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שַׁרְלָטָנִיּוּת.

שַׁרְלָטָנִיּוּת f.n. FW charlatanry. [Formed from שַׁרְלָטָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׂרע to stretch, extend.
    — Qal - שָׂרַע he stretched himself out (in the Bible occurring only in the pass. part. שָׂרוּעַ).
    — Hith. - הִשְׂתָּרַע he stretched himself out (in the Bible occurring only in the inf. הִשְׂתָּרֵעַ, Is. 28:20). [Arab. shara‘a (= he pointed directly at), shāri‘ (= street), ’asra‘ (= long-nosed), Ethiop. sar‘a (= he disposed, arranged), OSArab. שרע (= arrangement, security).] Derivatives: שִׂרִיעָה, הִשְׂתָּרְעוּת, מִשְׂרַעַת.

שַׂרְעָף m.n. thought, idea (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 94:19 and 139:23). [Dissimilated from שָׂעֵף, pl. שְׂעִפִּים (q.v.). cp. סַרְעָף. For the form cp. כרסם (= to chew), which was dissimilated from כסם, and words there referred to.]

שׂרף ᴵ to burn.
    — Qal - שָׂרַף he burned, destroyed by fire.
    — Niph. - נִשְׂרַף was burned.
    — Pi. - שֵׂרַף he burned (something) completely.
    — Pu. (or more probable Qal pass.) . - שׂרַף was burned (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 10:16).
    — Hith. - הִשֽׂתָּרֵף was burned. [Aram. שְׂרַף (= he burned), אִשְׂתְּרִיף (= was burned), Egypt.–Aram. שׂרף (= to burn), Ugar. shrp (= to burn, v.; burnt offering, n.), Akka. sharāpu (= to burn), OEgypt. shrf (= to be warm). cp. צרף ᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׂרָף ᴵᴵ, שְׂרֵפָה, שָׂרוּף, שֵׂרוּף, שָׂרִיף, הִשָּׂרְפוּת, מִשְׂרֶפֶת, נִשְׂרָף, prob. also שָׂרָף ᴵ and שְׂרָף.

שׂרף ᴵᴵ to absorb, sip, suck, quaff.
    — Qal - שָׂרַף he absorbed, sipped, sucked, quaffed. Prob. [JAram.–Syr. שְׂרַף (= he absorbed, sipped, sucked, quaffed), Arab. rashafa and rashifa (= he sucked, sipped). Several scholars connect this base with Arab. shariba (= he drank), sharāb (= drink, beverage). cp. סִירוּפּ and שׁירוֹב. cp. also ‘serpent’ in my CEDEL and words referred to in that entry.] Derivative: שְׂרָף.

שׂרף ᴵᴵᴵ to cover with resin.
    — Pi. - שֵׂרַף he covered with resin. [Denominated from שְׂרָף.]

שָׂרָף ᴵ m.n. 1 serpent. 2 ‘seraph’ — fiery angel. [Prob. derived from שׂרף ᴵ and lit. meaning ‘the burning one’ (so called in allusion to the burning effect of its poison).]

שָׂרָף ᴵᴵ adj. MH burning; prepared through a heating process. [From שׂרף ᴵ. cp. שָׂרָף ᴵ.]

שְׂרָף m.n. PBH 1 resin. 2 juice of plants. 3 menstruation. [Prob. derived from שׂרף ᴵᴵ and lit. meaning ‘a burning (sharp, acrid) substance’.]

שְׂרֵפָה f.n. 1 burning. 2 fire, conflagration. PBH 3 one of the four modes of capital punishment. [Verbal n. of שׂרף ᴵ.]

שְׁרַפְּנֶל m.n. FW shrapnel. [Eng. shrapnel, named after its inventor Gen. Henry Shrapnel (1761–1842).]

שְׁרַפְרַף m.n. PBH stool, footstool. [Together with Aram. שַׁרְשִׁיפָא (of s.m.), prob. borrowed from Akka. shufal shēfi (= stool for the feet), from which it was formed through metathesis and with change of l to r. cp. also Syr. שׁוּפְלָא (= footstool). For the interchangeability of l and r see the introductory entry to letter ל. cp. שַׁרְשִׁיף.]

שׁרץ to swarm, teem.
    — Qal - שָׁרַץ 1 crept, crawled, it swarmed, teemed; 2 bred, abounded, multiplied.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁרַץ it abounded, multiplied.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁרִיץ 1 caused to swarm; 2 caused to multiply. [Syr. שְׁרַץ (= it crept, crawled), Aram. שַׁרֽצָא, Syr. שֶׁרְצָא (= reptile), are prob. Shaph‘el forms of base רוץ (= to run), and lit. meaning ‘to run to and fro’. cp. שקץ (= to detest), which is prob. Shaph‘el of base קוץ ᴵ (= to loathe).] Derivatives: שֶׁרֶץ, שֵׁרוּץ, שְׁרִיצָה, הַשְׁרָצָה, מִשְׁרָץ.

שֶֽׁרֶץ m.n. creeping thing, swarming thing, reptile. [From שׁרץ.]

שׂרק ᴵ to card, comb. [Aram.–Syr. סְרַק (= he carded, combed), Arab. sharaqa (= he slit sheep’s ear). cp. סרק ᴵ.] Derivative: שָׂרִיק.

שׂרק ᴵᴵ to be red.
    — Qal - שָׂרַק he painted red.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׂרִיק became red, shone. [Arab. sharaqa (= it shone brightly — said of the sun), shariqa (= became red — like blood), ashqar (= reddish horse), OSArab. שׁרק (= to rise — said of the sun), משׁרק (= East), Akka. sharqu (= blood). cp. שׂקר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: שָׂרֹק, שָׂרָק, שׂוֹרֵק, שׂוֹרֵקָה.

שָׂרֹק ᴵ adj. sorrel, reddish-brown (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 1:8). [From שׂרק ᴵᴵ.]

שָׂרֹק ᴵᴵ m.n. vine tendril (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 16:8 in the suff. form שְׂרוּקֶּיהָ). [So called from the red color. cp. שׂוֹרֵק.]

שׂרֵק see שׂוֹרֵק.

שָׂרָק m.n. PBH paint, rouge. [From שׂרק ᴵᴵ (= to be red). cp. סָרָק.]

שׁרק to hiss, to whistle.
    — Qal - שָׁרַק 1 he hissed; 2 he whistled; 3 he piped; 4 he mocked, derided.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁרִיק he gave a sharp whistling sound. [Aram. שְׁרֵיק (= hissed, whistled), Syr. שָׁרֵק, שְׁרִיק, שְׁרִיקָא (= hollow, hollow-sounding), אַשְׁרֵק (= he whistled, hissed), BAram. מַשְׁרוֹקִיתָא (= pipe). This base is prob. of imitative origin.] Derivatives: שְׁרֵקָה, שְׁרִיקָה, שַׁרְקוֹקִית, שַׁרְקָן, שַׁרְקָנִי, שׁוֹרְקָנִי, שִׁרְקֵק, שְׁרַקְרַק, שׁוּרֻק, תִּשְׁרֹקֶת.

שׂרֵקָה see שׂוֹרֵקָה.

שְׁרֵקָה f.n. 1 hissing (esp. derisively), whistling. NH 2 creaking. [Formed from שׁרק with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שְׁרִיקָה.]

שַׁרְקוּקִית f.n. PBH whistle. [Formed from שָׁרַק (see שׁרק) with reduplication of the ק and with suff. ◌ִית. cp. שׁרקק.]

שַׁרְקִיָּה f.n. NH east wind. [Arab. sharqiyya (= east wind), from sharq (= east), from sha‘raqa (= he cleft, dissected; rose — said of the sun).]

שַׁרְקָן m.n. NH whistler. [Formed from שָׁרַק (see שׁרק), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שַׁרְקָנוּת.

שַׁרְקָנוּת f.n. NH whistling. [Formed from שַׁרְקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁרְקָנִי adj. NH whistling. [Formed from שָׁרַק (see שׁרק) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

שׁרקק to whistle.
    — Pil. - שִׁרְקֵק he whistled. [Pil. of שָׁרַק. See שׁרק.]

שְׁרַקְרַק m.n. PBH bee-eater, Merops apiaster (ornithology). [From Aram. שְׁרַקֽרַק (= Syr. שֽׁרַקְרָקָא), prob. lit. meaning ‘the whistling bird’ and prob. formed through reduplication of the second and third radical of שָׁרַק (= he hissed, whistled); see שׁרק. Arab. sharaqrāq is also an Aram. loan word.]

שׂרר to rule, reign, dominate.
    — Qal - שָׂרַר 1 he ruled, reigned, dominated. 2 denominated from שַׂר.
    — Hith. - הִשֽׂתָּרֵר he made himself ruler. [Whence Phoen. שׂר, Akka. sharru (= king), sharratu (= queen), Old Egypt. sr (= prince). Possibly related to Akka. sharāru (= to rise in splendor).] Derivatives: שַׂר, שָׂרָה, שְׂרָרָה, שֽׂרָרוּת, הִשְׂתָּרֽרוּת.

שׁרר to be strong, be firm. [Aram. שֽׁרַר, Syr. שַׁר (= was strong, was firm), Ethiop. shārara (= he founded, laid the foundation of). Base of שָׁרִיר (adj. and n.), שְׁרִירוּת, and prob. also of שׂר, and שֹׁרֶר (= navel string, navel).]

שֹֽׁרֶר m.n. navel string, navel. [A collateral form of שֹׁר.]

שְׂרָרָה f.n. PBH 1 rule, rulership, authority, office. NH 2 (in a concrete sense) ruler. commander. [Formed from שׂרר with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שֽׂרָרוּת.]

שְׂרָרוּת f.n. PBH rule, rulership, authority. [Formed from שׂרר with suff. ◌וּת. cp. שְׂרָרָה.]

שֹֽׁרֶשׁ m.n. 1 root. 2 source, origin. 3 bottom, lowest part. MH 4 root, stem (Heb. grammar). [Related to Phoen. שרש, Aram. שֻׁרְשָׁא, שִׁרֽשָׁא, שָׁרֽשָׁא, Syr. שֶׁרְשָׁא, Chr.–Pal. שׁרשׁא, Mand., Ugar. shrsh (= root), Arab. shars (= thorn-bush), shars (= hard, rough, rugged — said of the ground), OSArab. שרס (= root, foundation), Ethiop. sherw (= root), Akka. shurshu (= root). The orig. meaning of Heb. שֹׁרֶשׁ (= root), etc., were prob. so called from tough, gnarled root fibers.] Derivatives: שׁרשׁ, שָׁרְשׁוֹן, שָׁרְשִׁי, שְׁרֵשְׁרָשׁ. cp. the first element in שְׁרַפְרַף and the second element in מַקְשֹׁרֶשׁ.

שׁרשׁ to uproot.
    — Pi. - שֵׁרַשׁ he rooted out, uprooted, extirpated.
    — Pu. - שֹׁרַשׁ 1 was rooted out, was uprooted, was extirpated, it struck roots.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתָּרֵשׁ 1 it took root, was firmly implanted; 2 (fig.) became established.
    — Hiph. - הִשֽׁרִישׁ 1 it struck roots; 2 he settled; MH 3 (fig.) he implanted.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁרַשׁ was implanted (fig.). [Denominated from שֹׁרֶשׁ. For the privative meaning see סקל and words there referred to.] Derivatives: שֵׁרוּשׁ, הַשְׁרָשָׁה, הִשְׁתָּרְשׁוּת, מֻשְׁרָשׁ, מֽשֹׁרָשׁ.

שַׁרְשָׁה f.n. chain (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 28:22 in the form שַׁרְשֹׁת). [A secondary, abbreviated form of שַׁרְשֶׁרֶת.]

שָׁרְשׁוֹן m.n. NH 1 rootlet. 2 radical (chemistry). [Formed from שֹׁרֶשׁ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

שַׁרְשׁוֹר m.n. NH tapeworm, taenia (zoology). [Formed from שַׁרְשֶׁרֶת (= chain), in allusion to its ribbonlike shape.]

שִׁרְשׁוּר m.n. NH chaining, linking, concatenation. [Verbal n. of שִׁרְשֵׁר (see שׁרשׁר). cp. שִׁלְשׁוּל.]

שָׁרְשִׁי adj. MH 1 pertaining to the root. 2 radical, basic, fundamental. [Formed from שֹׁרֶשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שָׁרְשִׁיּוּת.

שָׁרְשִׁיּוּת f.n. MH deep-rootedness, fundamentality. [Formed from שָׁרְשִׁי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁרְשִׁיף m.n. NH footstool. [From JAram. שַׁרְשִׁיפָא (of s.m.), prob. dissimilated from שׁרפרפא, JAram. form of שֽׁרַפְרַף (q.v.).]

שְׁרַשְׁכַּף m.n. NH instep, tarsus (anatomy). [Compounded of שֹׁרֶשׁ (= root), and כַּף (= hand; sole of the foot).]

שׁרשׁר to let down, lower, to chain, link.
    — Pilp. - שִׁרְשֵׁר PBH 1 he let down (like a chain), lowered; NH 2 he chained, linked; NH 3 he cordoned (military).
    — Pulp. - שֻׁרֽשַׁר was chained, was linked.
    — Hithpalp. - הִשְׁתַּרְשֵׁר (of s.m.). [Denominated from שַׁרְשֶׁרֶת (= chain). cp. שׁלשׁל.] Derivatives: שִׁרְשׁוּר, הִשְׁתַּרְשְׁרוּת, מְשֻׁרְשָׁר.

שְׁרַשְׁרָשׁ m.n. NH a small root. [Dimin. formed from שֹׁרֶשׁ (= root), through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

שַׁרְשֶֽׁרֶת f.n. 1 chain. NH 2 cordon (military). [Prob. borrowed from Akka. sharsharratu (= chain; fetter), whence also Talmudic Aram. שַׁרְשׁוּרָא, Syr. שִׁישׁוּרָא (= chain or rope of palm leaves, etc.).] Derivatives: שׁרשׁר.

שׁרת to serve, minister.
    — Pi. - שֵׁרֵת 1 he served, ministered, officiated; 2 he officiated as priest in the Sanctuary or in the Temple (in this sense short for שֵׁרֵת אֶת ה׳ or שֵׁרֵת בַּקֹּדֶשׁ); NH 3 he officiated, filled an office. [Phoen. שׁרת (= to serve), משרת (= ministry), JAram. שֵׁירוּתָא (= service of priests).] Derivatives: שָׁרֵת (n.), שָׁרָת, שֵׁרוּת, שָׁרִית, מְשָׁרֵת.

שָׁרֵת m.n. service, ministry. [From שׁרת.]

שָׁרָת m.n. NH servant. [Nomen opificis formed from שֵׁרַת, ‘he served’ (see שׁרת), according to the pattern פַּעָל (the Qamatz under the ר is due to this guttural).]

שַׁרְתּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH forked spear. [Of unknown origin.]

שָׂשׂ perf. of שִׂישׂ. [See שׂישׂ.]

שֵׁשׁ ᴵ f. adj. six. [For שׁדשׁ, whence also Aram. שִׁית, Syr. שֵׁת (for shidt), אֶשֽׁתָּא, Egypt.–Aram. שתה, Nab. שׁת, Palm. שתא, Ugar. tdt, tt (= six), Arab. sitt (f.), sitta (m.) (= six), sādis (= sixth), Ethiop. sessū (f.), sedestū (m.), OSArab. sdth, late sthth, stht, Akka. shishshit (f.), shishshi (m.) (= six), seshishu (= sixth), sudushu (= sixfold). cp. שִׁשָּׁה.] Derivatives: שׁשׁה, שִׁשִּׁי, שִׁשִּׁים, שִׁשֽׁתַּיִם. cp. שְׁתוּת, שִׁתִּית.

שֵׁשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. white marble (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 5:15 and Esth. 1:6). [A secondary form of שַׁיִשׁ.]

שֵׁשׁ ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. Egyptian linen; byssus. [A loan word from Egypt. shs. Whence also Syr. שָׁשָׁא (= cotton). For other Egypt. loan words in Heb. see אָחוּ and words there referred to.]

שִׁשָּׁה m. adj. six. [See שֵׁשׁ.]

שׁשׁה to divide by six; to multiply by six.
    — Pi. - שִׁשָּׁה 1 he divided by six; NH 2 he multiplied by six; MH 3 he made a hexagon.
    — Pu. - שֻׁשָּׁה 1 was divided by six; 2 was multiplied by six. [Denominated from שֵׁשׁ ᴵ or from שִׁשָּׁה.] Derivative: מְשֻׁשֶּׁה.

שָׂשׂוֹן m.n. (pl. שְׂשׂוֹנִים, also שְׂשׂוֹנוֹת) rejoicing, joy, exultation. [Formed from שׂישׂ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns, on the false analogy of nouns formed from ל״ה verbs, e.g. הָמוֹן (= crowd) from המה (= to murmur, growl, roar). cp. זָדוֹן.]

שִׁשִּׁי adj. 1 sixth. PBH 2 the sixth person called to the reading of the Torah in the synagogue. [Formed from שֵׁשׁ ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁשִּׁיָּה.

שִׁשִּׁיָּה f.n. NH 1 a set of six objects. 2 sextet (music). [Formed from שֵׁשׁ ᴵ or שִׁשָּׁה (= six), with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

שִׁשִּׁים adj. sixty. [Properly pl. of שֵׁשׁ (= six). cp. JAram. שִׁתִּין, Syr. אֶשְׁתִּין and Arab. sittūn (= sixty). cp. שִׁתִּין.]

שִׁשִּׁית adj. & n. 1 sixth. 2 one sixth, sixth part. NH 3 sixth grade (in school). [f. of שִׁשִּׁי.]

שָׁשַׁר m.n. red color (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 22:14 and Ezek. 23:14). [Borrowed from Akka. sharsharru, sharshēru (= red paste).]

שִׁשְׁתַּֽיִם adv. NH sixfold. [Formed from שֵׁשׁ (= six), on the analogy of אַרְבַּעְתַּיִם (= fourfold); q.v.]

שֵׁת m.n. (pl. שֵׁתוֹת) posteriors, buttocks. [From base שׁתה ᴵᴵ, which is related to base שׁית (= to set, put, place, lay; to sit). The noun שֵׁת is related to Phoen. אשתת, BAram. אֻשַּׁיָּא (= foundation), JAram. אֻשְּׁתָא, Syr. שֵׁת, אֶשְׁתָּא, Modern Syr. ishta, Sam. אשתא, Arab. ist (= the lowest part, bottom), and to Akka. ishdu (= leg with buttock; foundation).] Derivative: שֵׁתִי.

שָׁת ᴵ m.n. (pl. שָׁתוֹת) foundation, basis, stay. [Of the same origin as שֵׁת.]

שָׁת ᴵᴵ tr. v. he put, he placed. [Qal, third person, sing. of שׁית (= to set, put, place, lay).]

שַׁתָּא f.n. PBH year. [JAram. and Syr. related to BAram. שֶׁנָה, Heb. שָׁנָה (= year). See שָׁנָה and cp. the first element in אֶשְׁתָּדָא, אֶשְׁתָּקַד.]

שַׁתַּאי m.n. PBH drinker. [Nomen opificis formed from שָׁתָה (= he drank; see שׁתה ᴵ), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שַתַּאי ᴵᴵ m.n. NH warper, weaver. [Nomen opificis formed from שׁתה ᴵᴵᴵ.]

שְׁתַדְּלָן m.n. MH interceder, intermediary, mediator, pleader. [Short for מִשְׁתַדְּלָן or הִשְׁתַדְּלָן, from הִשְׁתַּדֵּל (= he strove, endeavored; he made an effort), Hith. of שׁדל. For the ending see agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. שַׁדְּלָן.] Derivatives: שְׁתַדְּלָנוּת, שְׁתַדְּלָנִי.

שְׁתַדְּלָנוּת f.n. MH intercession, mediation, pleading. [Formed from שְׁתַדְּלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁתַדְּלָנִי adj. NH interceding, mediating, pleading. [Formed from שְׁתַדְּלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁתה ᴵ to drink.
    — Qal - שָׁתָה he drank.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁתָּה was (or may be) drunk. [Aram. שְׁתָא, Syr. שְׁתָא, אֶשְׁתִּי (= he drank), OAram. שׁתה, Ugar. shty, OSArab. שׂתי (= to drink), Ethiop. satya (= he drank), Akka. shatū (= to drink). שׁתה is a defective verb inasmuch as it has no Hiph., nor Hoph. For these conjugations the verb שׁקה is used.] Derivatives: שְׁתִי ᴵ, שְׁתִיָּה ᴵ, שַׁתַּאי ᴵ, שַׁתְיָן, שָׁתוּי, מִשְׁתֶּה.

שׁתה ᴵᴵ base of the nouns שֵׁת, שָׁת ᴵ and שְׁתִיָּה ᴵᴵ. [Related to base שׁית (= to set, put, place, lay; to sit), and to base שׁתת ᴵᴵᴵ.]

שׁתה ᴵᴵᴵ to warp, weave.
    — Niph. - נִשֽׁתָּה was warped, was woven.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁתָּה he warped, wove.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁתָּה was warped, was woven. [Aram. שֽׁתִי, Syr. אַשְׁתִּי (= he wove, intertwined), Arab. satā(y), ’asta(y) (= he set the warp), Syr. מֶשְׁתִּיתָא (= texture).] Derivatives: שְׁתִי ᴵᴵ, שַׁתַּאי ᴵᴵ, הַשְׁתָּאָה, הַשְׁתָּיָה.

שָׁתוּי adj. PBH drunk, intoxicated. [Pass. part. of שָׁתָה. See שׁתה ᴵ.]

שָׁתוּל adj. planted. [Pass. part. of שָׁתַל. See שׁתל.]

שִׁתּוּל m.n. NH transplantation. [Verbal n. of שִׁתֵּל, Pi. of שׁתל.]

שָׁתוּם adj. open (in the Bible occurring only Num. 24:3 and 15 in the phrase שְׁתֻם הָעָיִן, ‘whose eyes are open’). [Pass. part. of שָׁתַם. See שׁתם.]

שִׁתּוּף m.n. PBH 1 participation, cooperation. MH 2 analogy. MH 3 combination. MH 4 polytheism. [Verbal n. of שִׁתֵּף, Pi. of שׁתף.] Derivatives: שִׁתּוּפָה, שִׁתּוּפִי.

שִׁתּוּפָה f.n. NH partnership. [Formed from שִׁתּוּף with first suff. ◌ָה.]

שִׁתּוּפִי adj. NH cooperative, collective. [Formed from שִׁתּוּף with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: שִׁתּוּפִיּוּת.

שִׁתּוּפִיּוּת f.n. NH cooperation, collectivity. [Formed from שִׁתּוּפִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁתוּק adj. MH 1 silenced. NH 2 silent. PBH 3 an illegitimate child who must be silent about his origin (cp. שְׁתוּקִי). [Pass. part. of שָׁתַק (= he was silent; see שׁתק).]

שִׁתּוּק m.n. NH paralysis, palsy. [Coined by Prof. Joseph Klausner (1874–1958) as verbal n. of שִׁתֵּק (= he caused to be silent), Pi. of שׁתק.]

שְׁתוּקוּת f.n. NH illegitimacy (of a child whose father is unknown). [Formed from שְׁתוּקִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁתוּקִי adj. PBH an illegitimate child (of unknown fatherhood). [Formed from שָׁתוּק with suff. ◌ִי; so called because he must be silent about his origin.] Derivative: שְׁתוּקוּת.

שְׁתוּת f.n. PBH one-sixth. [From Aram. שְׁתוּתָא, which derives from שִׁת (= six). See שֵׁשׁ ᴵ.]

שִׁתּוּת m.n. NH flowing, mostly used in the phrase שִׁתּוּת־דָּם (= ‘bleeding’, ‘hemorrhage’). [From שׁתת ᴵᴵ.]

שְׁתַחֲוָיָה f.n. Shortened from הִשְׁתַּחֲוָיָה (q.v.).

שְׁתִי ᴵ m.n. drinking (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 10:17). [From שׁתה ᴵ.]

שְׁתִי ᴵᴵ m.n. warp on a loom (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 13:48, 51, 53, 56–59, always in the phrase שְׁתִי אוֹ עֵרֶב or הַשְּׁתִי אוֹ הָעֵרֶב, ‘the warp or the woof’). [From שׁתה ᴵᴵᴵ. Related to Aram. שִׁתְיָא, Syr. שֶׁתְיָא, Arab. satan (= thread, warp).]

שֵׁתִי adj. NH 1 having large buttocks. 2 pertaining to the buttocks. [Formed from שֵׁת (= buttocks), with suff. ◌ִי.]

שְׁתֵּי c. st. of שְׁתַּיִם (= two).

שְׁתִיָּה ᴵ f.n. 1 drinking (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Esth. 1:8). NH 2 (coll.), drunkenness, intoxication. [Verbal n. of שָׁתָה. See שׁתה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁתִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH foundation, basis. [From שׁתה ᴵᴵ, whence also שָׁת ᴵ.]

שָׁתִיךְ adj. NH corrosible. [Coined from שׁתף (= to corrode), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: שְׁתִיכוּת.

שְׁתִיכוּת f.n. NH corrosibility. [Formed from שָׁתִיךְ with suff. ◌וּת.]

שָׁתִיל m.n. transplanted shoot, slip (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 128:3). [From שׁתל.]

שְׁתִילָה f.n. MH planting. [Verbal n. of שָׁתַל. See שׁתל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁתַּיִם f. adj. two. [f. of שְׁנַיִם (q.v.). According to the opinion of several scholars שְׁתַּיִם is the abbreviation of אֶשְׁתַּיִם. If it were really so the ‘daghesh’ in the ת of שְׁתַּיִם would be accounted for. I am convinced that שְׁתַּיִם is really the shortened form of אֶשְׁתַּיִם and owes its form to its masculine equivalent שְׁנַיִם. I am of the opinion that אֶשְׁתַּיִם is nothing but the dual form of אֶשְׁתֵּי, עַשְׁתֵּי (= one), related to Akka. ishtēn (= one). אֶשֽׁתַּיִם, as the dual of אֶשְׁתֵּי, accordingly lit. means ‘two ones’ (i.e. ‘one taken twice’). cp. מָאתַיִם (= two hundred), אַלְפַּיִם (= two thousand), etc. For the change of ע to א see the introductory entry to letter א.]

שְׁתִימָה f.n. PBH opening. [Verbal n. of שָׁתַם. See שׁתם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שַׁתְיָן f.n. NH 1 drinker. 2 drunkard. [Formed from שָׁתָה (= he drank; see שׁתה ᴵ), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

שִׁתִּין adj. PBH sixty. [Aram., equivalent to Heb. שִׁשִּׁים (q.v.).]

שְׁתִינָה f.n. NH urination. [Verbal n. of שָׁהַן. See שׁתן and first suff. ◌ָה.]

שְׁתִיקָה f.n. PBH silence. [Verbal n. of שָׁתַק. See שׁתק and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. שְׁתִיקוּת.]

שְׁתִיקוּת f.n. PBH silence. [A secondary form of שְׁתִיקָה.]

שִׁתִּית f.n. NH sextet (music). [Formed from Aram. שִׁתָּא (= six), with suff. ◌ִית.]

שָׁתִית m.n. NH (pl. שְׁתִיתִים) subsoil. [From שׁתת ᴵᴵᴵ. cp. תַּשְׁתִּית.]

שַׁתִּית f.n. PBH (pl. שַׁתִּיּוֹת) barley porridge made of barley meal and honey. [From JAram. שַׁתִּיתָא, which was formed from Syr. שַׁחְתִּיתָא (of s.m.), through elision of the ח. Syr. שַׁחְתִּיתָא itself derives from base חתת (= to be broken, be shattered). For similar elisions cp. מָסוּתָא and words there referred to.]

שְׁתִיתָה f.n. MH bleeding, flow. [Verbal n. of שָׁתַת. See שׁתת.]

שׁתך to become rusty, corrode.
    — Pi. - שִׁתֵּךְ 1 became rusty; 2 he made rusty, caused corrosion.
    — Pu. - שֻׁתַּךְ became rusty-red. [JAram. שַׁתֵּךְ (= he made rusty).] Derivative: שָׁתִיךְ.

שׁתל to transplant, plant.
    — Qal - שָׁתַל he transplanted, planted.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁתַּל was transplanted, was planted.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁתִּיל 1 it struck roots; 2 he transplanted.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁתַּל was transplanted. [Aram.–Syr. שְׁתַל (= he transplanted, planted, laid down, inserted), Arab. shatala (= he planted, transplanted), shatl (= plant), shatla (= slip, cutting, seedling), Akka. shitlu (= small cutting of vine), prob. also Akka. satālu (= to plant).] Derivatives: שֶׁתֶל, שַׁתָּל, שַׁתֽלָן, שָׁתוּל, שִׁתּוּל, שָׁתִיל, הַשְׁתָּלָה, הִשָּׁתְלוּת, מִשְׁתָּל, מִשְׁתָּלָה.

שֶֽׁתֶל m.n. PBH 1 seedling, sapling. 2 transplant. [From שׁתל.]

שַׁתָּל m.n. NH planter, gardener. [From JAram. שַׁתָּלָא, nomen opificis coined from שׁתל (= to transplant, plant), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שְׁתַלְּטָן m.n. NH a domineering person. [Short for מִשְׁתַּלְּטָן or הִשְׁתַּלְּטָן, from הִשְׁתַּלֵּט (= he became master of, ruled), Hith. of שׁלט ᴵ. For the ending see agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שֽׁתַלְּטָנוּת, שְׁתַלּֽטָנִי.

שְׁתַלְּטָנוּת f.n. NH domineering. [Formed from שְׁתַלּֽטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁתַלְּטָנִי adj. NH domineering. [Formed from שְׁתַלְּטָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁתְלָן m.n. NH gardener, planter. [Formed from שָׁתַל (see שׁתל) with agential suff. ◌ָן. For the difference in meaning between שַׁתָּל and שַׁתֽלָן see second suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: שַׁתְלָנוּת.

שַׁתְלָנוּת f.n. NH gardening. [Formed from שַׁתְלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שׂתם to stop up, shut out.
    — Qal - שָׂתַם he stopped up, shut up (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:8). [Prob. a late form of סתם. However, Barth compares Arab. sammata (= he refused, foiled, frustrated).]

שׁתם to open, broach, unseal, bore a hole.
    — Qal - שָׁתַם he opened, broached, unsealed, bore a hole (in the Bible occurring only in the pass. part.; see שָׁתוּם).
    — Niph. - נִשְׁתַּם was opened, was broached, was unsealed, was bored (said of a hole). [Of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: שֶׁתֶם, שַׁתָּם, שְׁתִימָה. cp. the first element in שַׁסְתּוֹם.

שֶֽׁתֶם m.n. PBH 1 a hole. NH 2 (hidden) entrance into a cave. [From שׁתם.]

שַׁתָּם m.n. PBH broacher. [Nomen opificis formed from שׁתם (= to open, broach), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

שְׁתַמְּטָן m.n. NH shirker, evader, dodger. [Short for מִשְׁתַּמְּטָן or הִשְׁתַּמְּטָן, from הִשְׁתַּמֵּט (= he shirked, evaded, dodged), Hiph. of שׁמט. For the ending see agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שֽׁתַמְּטָנוּת, שְׁתַמְּטָנִי.

שְׁתַמְּטָנוּת f.n. NH shirking (of duty), evasion, dodging. [Formed from שְׁתַמְטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שְׁתַמְּטָנִי adj. NH shirking (one’s duty), evasive, dodging. [Formed from שְׁתַמּֽטָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שׁתן to urinate.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁתִּין 1 he urinated; MH 2 he caused (animals) to urinate.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁתַּן urine was passed. [A secondary base usually derived from הִשְׁתַּיֵּן, a verb in the Hith., denominated from שֵׁין (= urine). Later השׁתין was punctuated הִשְׁתִּין, which was considered as the Hiph. of שׁתן, and so this base arose. Jensen, however, derives שׁתן from Akka. ishtīn (= to urinate). See שׁין.] Derivatives: שִׁתְנָן, שַׁתְנָן, שַׁתֶּנֶת, שְׁתִינָה, הַשְׁתָּנָה, מַשְׁתֵּן, מִשְׁתָּנָה.

שִׁתְנָן m.n. NH urea (biochemistry). [Formed from שׁתן with suff. ◌ָן. cp. שֵׁינָן.]

שַׁתְנָן m.n. NH one who urinates frequently. [Formed from שׁתן with suff. ◌ָן.]

שַׁתֶּֽנֶת f.n. NH urosis (disease). [Coined from שׁתן according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and cp. שַׁיֶּנֶת.]

שׁתע to fear, be afraid.
    — Qal - שָׁתַע 1 he feared, was afraid; 2 he frightened. [Phoen. sht‘, Ugar. ṯt‘ (= to fear, be afraid). cp. Arab. shati‘a (= was dejected, was low-spirited).]

שֻׁתָּף m.n. PBH associate, partner. [Borrowed from Akka. shutāpu (= associate), whence also JAram. שֻׁתָּפָא, Syr. שַׁוֽתָּפָא (of s.m.).] Derivatives: שׁתף, שֻׁתָּפוּת.

שׁתף to join, participate.
    — Pi. - שִׁתֵּף 1 he joined, associated; 2 he made someone an associate or an ally.
    — Pu. - שֻׁתַּף PBH 1 was joined, was associated; NH 2 became an associate, became a partner, became an ally.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּתֵּף he took part, participated. [Denominated from שֻׁתָּף (= associate, partner). cp. JAram. שַׁתֵּף (= he associated himself with, made an ally), which is denominated from שֻׁתָּפָא (= associate, partner).] Derivatives: שֻׁתָּף, שַׁתְּפָן, שִׁתּוּף, שִׁתּוּפָה, הִשְׁתַּתְּפוּת, מְשֻׁתָּף, מִשֽׁתַּתֵּף.

שֻׁתָּפוּת f.n. PBH association, partnership. [Formed from שֻׁתָּף with suff. ◌וּת. cp. JAram. שֻׁתָּפוּתָא, Syr. שַׁוְתָּפוּתָא (of s.m.).]

שַׁתְּפָן m.n. NH communist. [Formed from שִׁתֵּף (= he joined, formed a partnership), Pi. of שׁתף, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שַׁתְּפָנוּת, שַׁתּֽפָנִי.

שַׁתְּפָנוּת f.n. NH communism. [Formed from שַׁתְּפָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁתְּפָנִי adj. NH communist, communistic. [Formed from שַׁתְּפָן with suff. ◌ִי. See שַׁתְּפָן.]

שׁתק to be quiet; to be silent.
    — Qal - שָׁתַק 1 was quiet, was calm; PBH 2 was silent, kept silent.
    — Pi. - שִׁתֵּק PBH 1 he silenced; PBH 2 he calmed, soothed; NH 3 he paralyzed.
    — Pu. - שֻׁתַּק MH 1 was silenced; NH 2 was paralyzed.
    — Hith. - הִשְׁתַּתֵּק 1 he ceased to speak; 2 he became silent; 3 became dumb; 4 was paralyzed.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁתִּיק 1 he silenced; 2 he hushed up.
    — Hoph. - הֻשֽׁתַּק 1 was silenced; 2 was hushed up. [Aram. שְׁתַק, שְׁתֵיק, Syr. שְׁתַק (= was quiet, was still; was or kept silent); not related to שׁקט (q.v.).] Derivatives: שֶׁתֶק, שַׁתְקָן, שַׁתֶּקֶת, שָׁתוּק, שִׁתּוּק, שְׁתוּקִי, שׁוֹתְקָנוּת, שׁוֹתְקָנִי, שְׁתִיקָה, שְׁתִיקוּת, הֶשְׁתֵּק, הַשְׁתָּקָה, הִשְׁתַּתְּקוּת, מַשֽׁתֵּק, מֽשֻׁתָּק. cp. מַשְׁתּוֹקָא.

שֶֽׁתֶק m.n. MH silence. [From שׁתק.]

שַׁתְקָן m.n. MH a silent or taciturn person. [Formed from שָׁתַק (see שׁתק) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: שַׁתְקָנוּת, שַׁתְקָנִי.

שַׁתְקָנוּת f.n. MH silence, taciturnity. [Formed from שַׁתְקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

שַׁתְקָנִי adj. NH silent, taciturn. [Formed from שַׁתֽקָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

שַׁתֶּֽקֶת f.n. NH paralysis. [Formed from שֻׁתַּק (= was paralyzed), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת, serving to form names of diseases; see אַדֶּמֶת and words there referred to.]

שׂתר to break out, burst.
    — Niph. - נִשְׂתַּר broke out — said of a tumor (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 5:9). [Arab. shatara (= he slit), Ethiop. satara (= he lacerated), Akka. shatāru (= to tear down), Syr. סְתַר (= he destroyed), BAram.–Syr. סְתַר (= he broke down, pulled down, destroyed). cp. סתר ᴵᴵ.]

שׁתת ᴵ to flow gently, drip.
    — Qal - שָׁתַת PBH 1 flowed gently, dripped; NH 2 he caused to flow. [Of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: שֶׁתֶת, שִׁתּוּת, שְׁתִיתָה.

שׁתת ᴵᴵ to set, put, place, lay.
    — Qal - שָׁתַת, שַׁת he set, put, placed, laid (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 73:9). [A secondary form of base שׁית.]

שׁתת ᴵᴵᴵ to lay the foundation of, found, establish.
    — Niph. - נִשְׁתַּת was founded, was established.
    — Hiph. - הִשְׁתִּית laid the foundation of, established.
    — Hoph. - הֻשְׁתַּת was founded, was established.
    — Pi. - שִׁתֵּת he founded, established.
    — Pu. - שֻׁתַּת was founded, was established. [A secondary form of שׁתה ᴵᴵ and related to שׁית.] Derivatives: שָׁתִית, הַשְׁתָּתָה, מַשֽׁתִּית, מַשְׁתֵּת, מֻשְׁתָּת, תַּשְׁתִּית.

שֶֽׁתֶת m.n. NH bleeding, flow. [A collateral form of שְׁתִיתָה.]