ק The nineteenth letter of the Heb. alphabet. The name of the letter, קוֹף or קוּף (‘koph’, ‘kuph’), means lit. ‘eye of a needle’; so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter. In PBH it has the numerical value of one hundred. ק alternates with ג, ח and כ (see the introductory entries to these letters). cp. e.g. Mand. גטאר (= to bind), with Aram.–Syr. קֽטַר, and Heb. קָשַׁר (= he bound, tied). For the rare interchangeability of ק and צ see the introductory entry to letter צ.

קָ◌ pref. see קָא.

קָא (often shortened into the pref. קָ◌) part. use to form the pres. tense, as in קָא מַשְׁמַע לָן (= he teaches us, lets us know), מַאי קָא מַשְׁמַע לָן (= what does he teach us?; What does he let us know?), הָכֵי קָאָמַר (= so he says; this is what he says). [Aram., short for קָאֵי, which itself is short for קָאֵם, part. of קוּם (= to stand). See קום and cp. קָאֵי.]

קִא m.n. what is vomited up, vomit (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 26:11). [A collateral form of קִיא.]

קָאדִי m.n. FW (pl. קָאדִים) cadi. [Fren. cadi, from Arab. qāḍi (= judge), properly part. qaḍā(y) (= he decided), which is related to Heb. קָצִין (= judge, prince, leader).]

קָאוֹלִין m.n. FW kaolin. [Fren. kaolin, from Chinese kao-ling (= lit.: ‘high hill’), so called from the name of the place where it was first found.]

קָאוּצ׳וּק m.n. FW caoutchouc. [Fren. caoutchouc, a Tupi loan word, (prob. through the medium of Sp. caucho).]

קָאֵי PBH standing (part.), in the sentence כִּי קָאֵי רַבִּי בְּהָא מַסֶּכְתָּא, לָא תְשַׁיְלֵי בֽמַסֶּכְתָּא אַחֲרִיתִי, ‘When Rabbi is occupied (lit.: is standing) in one tractate, do not ask him about a matter dealt with in another tractate’. [Aram., short for קָאֵם. See קָא.]

קָאָק m.n. MH jackdaw, Corvus monedula (kind of a bird). [Prob. formed from Aram. קָאְקָא (= goose), which, together with Arab. qāq (= raven), is prob. of imitative origin.]

קָאָת m.n. (pl. קְאָתוֹת, also קָאוֹת) a word usually rendered by ‘pelican’, but according to some scholars it is identical with the bird ‘Athene noctus lilith’. [If it means ‘pelican’ it is a derivative of the base קיא (= to vomit). According to the rendering ‘Athene noctus lilith’, קָאָת is prob. a word of imitative origin. cp. קִיק ᴵᴵ.]

קַב ᴵ m.n. (pl. קַבִּים, dual קַבַּיִם) ‘kab’ (a measure of capacity). [Related to Aram.–Syr. קַבָּא, Arab. qabb (of s.m.). All these words possibly derive from קבב ᴵ (= to hollow out, make a hole, to vault). Gk. kabos (= a commeasure) is a Heb. loan word. cp. קַב ᴵᴵ and the second element in תַּרֽקַב.]

קַב ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (dual קַבַּיִם) wooden leg, crutch. [Prob. derived from קבב ᴵᴵ and lit. meaning ‘a piece of wood hollowed out’, hence of the same origin, as קַב ᴵ.] Derivative: קבה.

קבב ᴵ to utter a curse, curse.
    — Qal - קָבַב, קַב he uttered a curse against, cursed. [Perhaps related to נקב ᴵ (= to pierce). For sense development cp. Arab. naqara (= he pierced, hollowed out; he reviled, maligned). Some scholars connect it with Ethiop. qaba (= he despised). cp. נקב ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivative: קַבָּה.

קבב ᴵᴵ to be bent, crooked; to hollow out; to vault.
    — Pi. - קִבֵּב he vaulted.
    — Pu. - קֻבַּב was vaulted. [Arab. qabba (= was vaulted). Prob. related to גבב.] Derivatives: קֻבָּה, קָבוּב, קִבּוּב, prob. also קַב ᴵ and קַב ᴵᴵ.

קבה to make a wooden leg.
    — Pi. - קִבָּה he made a wooden leg. [Denominated from קַב ᴵᴵ.]

קֵבָה f.n. 1 stomach, maw. NH 2 digestion. [Related to Aram. קֵבְתָא, qiba, qibba. Of uncertain etymology; possibly connected with יֶקֶב (= wine vat, winepress), Arab. waqb (= hollow, cavity); see יֶקֶב. cp. קֳבָה.]

קֳבָה f.n. womb, female pudenda (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 25:8 in the form קֳבָתָהּ). [Perhaps derived from נקב ᴵ, but more prob. identical with קֵבָה.]

קֻבָּה f.n. 1 vaulted tent. PBH 2 tent of prostitution. PBH 2 dome. [From קבב ᴵᴵ, whence also Aram. קוּבְתָא (= vault), Syr. קֽבָבָא (= vault, dome), קוּבֽתָא (= vaulted tent), Arab. qubba (= cupola, dome), whence Sp. alcoba, Fren. alcôve, Eng. alcove, etc.), Akka. qabābu (= shield). For the ending of קֻבָּה see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. ‘alcove’ in my CEDEL.]

קַבָּה f.n. PBH curse. [From קבב ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָבוּב adj. MH vaulted. [Pass. part. of קָבַב; see קבב ᴵᴵ.]

קִבּוּב m.n. MH vault, vaulting. [From קבב ᴵᴵ.]

קָבוֹט m.n. PBH pot for pickling and preserving. [Gk. kibetion (= box), dimin. of kibetos (= box, chest), which is related to kibesis (= pouch, wallet). These words are of unknown, prob. of foreign, origin. Syr. יבוּתָא[[illegible]] and Modern Pers. kēbūt (= box, chess[[illegible]] are also Greek loan words.]

קִבּוּל m.n. PBH 1 receiving, reception. 2 accepting, acceptance. [Verbal n. of קִבֵּל, Pi. of קבל ᴵ.] Derivatives: קִבּוּלִי, קִבּוּלִית.

קִבּוּלִי adj. MH receptive. [Formed from קִבּוּל with suff. ◌ִי.]

קִבּוּלִית f.n. NH jerrycan. [Formed from קִבּוּל with suff. ◌ִית.]

קָבֽוּעַ adj. PBH 1 fixed. PBH 2 constant, permanent. NH 3 definite. [Pass. part. of קָבַע. See קבע ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: קֽבִיעוּת.

קִבּֽוּעַ m.n. MH fixing, fixture. [Verbal n. of קַבַּע, Pi. of קבע ᴵᴵ.]

קִבּוּץ ᴵ m.n. 1 a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 57:13 in the form קִבּוּצַיִךְ, which prob. means ‘thy assemblage (of idols)’. PBH 2 gathering, company, community. MH 3 plural. NH 4 ‘kibbutz’ — a collective settlement in Israel. [Verbal n. of קִבֵּץ, Pi. of קבץ. cp. קִבּוּץ ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קִבּוּצַאי, קִבּוּצִי, קִבּוּצָנוּת.

קִבּוּץ ᴵᴵ m.n. (also MH קֻבּוּץ) ‘kibbutz’, ‘kubbuts’ (the vowel ◌ֻ in Heb. grammar). [Formed from קִבֵּץ see קִבּוּץ ᴵᴵ; short for קִבּוּץ שְׂפָתַיִם (= a gathering of the lips), and so called because in order to pronounce the sound represented by the קִבּוּץ, i.e. u, the lips must be brought near to each other.] Derivative: קָבוּץ.

קֻבּוּץ see קִבּוּץ ᴵᴵ.

קָבוּץ adj. NH marked or voweled with a ‘kubbuts’. [From קִבּוּץ ᴵᴵ or קֻבּוּץ.]

קִבּוּצַאי m.n. NH member of a ‘kibbutz’. [Formed from קִבּוּץ ᴵ with suff. ◌ַאי.]

קְבוּצָה f.n. 1 gathering (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 22:20). NH 2 group, assembly. NH 3 ‘kevutzah’ (a cooperative settlement group in Israel). [From קבץ ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: קְבוּצָתִי.

קִבּוּצִי adj. MH 1 collective, common. NH 2 of, or pertaining to, a ‘kibbutz’. [Formed from קִבּוּץ ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קִבּוּצִיּוּת.

קִבּוּצִיּוּת f.n. NH collectivity. [Formed from קִבּוּצִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִבּוּצָנוּת f.n. NH collectivism. [Formed from קִבּוּץ with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

קְבוּצָתִי adj. NH collective, group (adj.). [Formed from קְבוּצָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

קָבוּר adj. buried. [Pass. part. of קָבַר. See קבר.]

קָבוֹר m.n. PBH (pl. קָבוֹרָאֵי) gravedigger. [From קבר.]

קְבוּרָה f.n. 1 burial. 2 tomb. [From קבר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קֻבִּיָּה f.n. NH 1 cube. 2 dice. [From Gk. kybos (= cube, cubical die), which is prob. of Sem. origin. cp. Arab. ka‘b (= cube), ka‘ba (= square house); see ‘Kaaba’ in my CEDEL. The y in Gk. kybos is equivalent to Sem. ayin (represented by the sign ‘). cp. קוּבְיָא.] Derivative: קֻבִּיזְם.

קָבִיָּה f.n. NH guinea pig. [Hebraized from Fren. cobaye, from Modern L. cobaya (Linné), which was borrowed from an American language.]

קֻבִּיזְם m.n. FW cubism. [Fren. cubisme, coined by the French art critic Louis Vauxcelles on the basis of a remark made by the French painter Henri Matisse (1869–1954) before a landscape exhibited by Georges Braque (1882–1963) in the Autumn Salon of 1908. On that occasion Matisse spoke of the ‘small cubes’ (‘ petits cubes’) characterizing the painting of Braque. This remark induced Vauxcelles to form the word cubisme.]

קָבִיל adj. NH acceptable. [Coined from קבל ᴵ (= to receive; to accept), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: קְבִילוּת.

קְבִילָה f.n. MH complaint, grumble, grumbling, protest. [Formed from קבל ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. קוּבֽלָנָה.]

קְבִילוּת f.n. acceptability. [Formed from קָבִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַבִּינֶט m.n. FW cabinet. [Fren. cabinet, whence also Eng. cabinet, It. gabinetto, dimin. formed from cabine (= cabin), a word of uncertain origin.]

קָבִֽיעַ m.n. NH attachment. [From קבע ᴵᴵ.]

קְבִיעָה ᴵ f.n. MH robbing. [Verbal n. of קָבַע. See קבע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְבִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH 1 definitiveness. 2 fixing, appointing. 3 determining, determination. [Verbal n. of קָבַע. See קבע ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְבִיעוּת f.n. MH 1 steadiness, constancy. NH 2 permanence. [Formed from קָבוּעַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְבִיצָה f.n. PBH gathering, collecting, collection. [Verbal n. of קָבַץ. See קבץ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְבִירָה f.n. PBH burying, burial. [Verbal n. of קָבַר. See קבר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קֵבִית f.n. NH ventricle (anatomy and zoology). [Formed from קֵבָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

קבל ᴵ to be opposite (from this orig. meaning developed the meanings ‘to go, to meet, encounter; to take that which is opposite; to take over; to receive’).
    — Pi. - קִבֵּל 1 he received, accepted, took; PBH 2 he took on lease, rented; NH 3 he was affected with (colloq.).
    — Pu. - קֻבַּל was received, was accepted.
    — Nith. - הִתְקַבֵּל, נִתְקַבֵּל 1 was received, was accepted; 2 was put into.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽבִּיל 1 was opposite, corresponded; MH 2 was parallel; NH 3 he placed opposite, placed parallel, drew a parallel between, compared.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְבַּל was placed opposite, was compared. [BAram. לָקֳבֵל, JAram. קְבֵל, לִקְבֵל (= in front, before), Syr. מֶן קֽבוֹל (= opposite); whence Aram.–Syr., also BAram. קַבֵּל, Heb. קִבֵּל, ‘he received, accepted’), Arab. qabila (= he received, accepted), OSArab. קבל (= to receive, accept), Ethiop. qabala (= he went to meet, encountered), Akka. qablu (= battle; middle of the body, middle). However, according to some scholars Akka. qablu in the meaning ‘middle’ is related to קֽרָב (= battle). According to other scholars Akka. qablu in the meaning ‘middle’ is related to Arab. qalb (= heart; see קֶרֶב). For the sense development of base קבל ᴵ cp. Akka. maḫāru (= he received) from maḫar (= before). cp. קבל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קַבָּל, קֹבֶל ᴵ, קֳבָל, קַבָּלָה ᴵ, קַבָּלוּת, קַבּֽלָן, קִבֹּלֶת, קִבּוּל, קָבִיל, הַקֽבָּלָה, הִתֽקַבְּלוּת, מֽקַבֵּל, מַקֽבִּיל, מְקֻבָּל, הֶקְבֵּל, תַּקְבּוּל, תִּקְבֹּלֶת.

קבל ᴵᴵ to cry out, complain.
    — Qal - קָבַל he cried out, complained. [Aram. קְבַל (= he cried out, complained). This base prob. meant lit. ‘to shout, cry’, and stands for קָוַל, from קוֹל (= voice). cp. Arab. qāwala (= he disputed, argued), from qaul (= voice), and Syr. קַבָּלָא (= preacher). For the interchangeability of ב and ו cp. שֹׁבֶל and שׁוּל. For the sense development of base קבל ᴵᴵ cp. Aram. פְּגַן, Syr. בּֽגַן (= he cried), whence NH הִבְגִּין, הִפֽגִין (= he made a demonstration).] Derivatives: קְבִילָה, קֹבֶל ᴵᴵ, קֽבָלָה, קוּבֽלָנָה, קוֹבְלָנִי.

קַבָּל m.n. PBH 1 contractor. NH 2 condenser (electricity). [Nomen opificis formed from קִבֵּל, Pi. of קבל ᴵ. cp. קַבְּלָן.] Derivative: קַבָּלוּת.

קֹֽבֶל ᴵ m.n. battering ram (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 26:9). [Derived from קבל ᴵ and lit. meaning ‘that which stands before’. See קֳבָל.]

קֹֽבֶל ᴵᴵ m.n. NH complaint. [From קבל ᴵᴵ.]

קֲבָל prep. in front of, before (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 15:10 in the phrase קֲבָל־צָם, ‘before the people, publicly’). [Prob. c. st. of the noun קֹבֶל ᴵ, meaning ‘face, front’. Related to BAram. לָקֳבֵל (= in front of; lit.: ‘in the face of’), from the noun קֳבֵל (= face), Syr. קוּבְלָא (= face; whence the prep. ‘opposite, corresponding’), JAram. קִבֵל, לִקְבֵל (= in front, before), Syr. מֶן קֽבוֹל (= opposite). See קבל ᴵ.]

קַבָּלָה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 receiving, accepting. MH 2 receipt. NH 3 reception. MH 4 oral tradition. 5 the Books of the Prophets and the Hagiographa. [Verbal n. of קִבֵּל, Pi. of קבל ᴵ. cp. קַבָּלָה ᴵᴵ.]

קַבָּלָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH ‘kabbalah’ (Jewish mysticism). [Special sense of קַבָּלָה ᴵ.]

קְבָלָה f.n. PBH complaint. [Verbal n. of קָבַל. See קבל ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַבָּלוּת f.n. PBH contracting, contractorship. [Formed from קַבָּל with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַבָּלִי adj. NH ‘kabbalistic’. [Formed from קַבָּלָה ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַבְּלָן m.n. PBH 1 contractor. 2 one who assumes a monetary obligation. [Formed from קִבֵּל, Pi. of קבל ᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: קַבְּלָנוּת, קַבְּלָנִי.

קֻבְלָנָה see קוּבְלָנָה.

קַבְּלָנוּת f.n. PBH contractorship. [Formed from קַבְּלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַבְּלָנִי adj. NH pertaining to a contractor or a contract. [Formed from קַבְּלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קִבֹּֽלֶת f.n. PBH 1 undertaking. NH 2 capacity. [Formed from קִבֵּל, Pi. of קבל ᴵ, with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קֶֽבֶס m.n. NH disgust, loathing. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from the stem of Aram. קַבֵּס (= he caused vomiting; he disgusted), which is of uncertain origin. cp. קִבֹּסֶת and קְבַסֽתָּן.]

קבס to disgust, to cause vomiting.
    — Pi. - קִבֵּס he caused vomiting, he disgusted, he nauseated. [Denominated from קֶבֶס.]

קִבֹּֽסֶת f.n. PBH a word of uncertain meaning; usually rendered by ‘repression’, or ‘deceit’. [Of uncertain origin; possibly related to Aram. קַבֵּס. See קֶבֶס and suff. ◌ֶת.]

קְבַסְתָּן m.n. PBH a word of uncertain meaning; usually rendered by ‘disgusting person’ or ‘bore’. [Of uncertain origin; possibly related to Aram. קַבֵּס. See קֶבֶס and suff. ◌תָּן.] Derivative: קֽבַסֽתָּנִי.

קְבַסְתָּנִי adj. NH disgusting, boring. [Formed from קֽבַסֽתָּן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

קבע ᴵ to rob, deceive.
    — Qal - קָבַע he robbed, deceived. [Aram.–Syr. קֽבַע (of s.m.). Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars related to Arab. qabaḍa (= he robbed of, took from). Others see in קבע ᴵ a metathesis form of עקב ᴵ.] Derivatives: קֽבִיעָה ᴵ, קַבֽעָן.

קבע ᴵᴵ to insert, drive in, fix; to appoint, establish.
    — Qal - קָבַע 1 he inserted, drove in, fixed; 2 he appointed, established.
    — Niph. - נִקְבַּע 1 was inserted, was driven in, was fixed; 2 was appointed, was established.
    — Pu. - קֻבַּע (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִקֽבִּיעַ he fixed firmly.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְבַּע was firmly fixed. [Aram.–Syr. קְבַע (= he fastened, fixed, drove in; he set up, made firm), related to קבץ.] Derivatives: קֶבַע, קָבוּעַ, קִבּוּעַ, קָבִיעַ, קְבִיעָה ᴵᴵ, קִבָּעוֹן, הִקָּבְעוּת, מִקְבָּע.

קֶֽבַע m.n. PBH 1 appointment. 2 permanency. 3 regularity. [From קבע ᴵᴵ.]

קִבָּעוֹן m.n. NH (pl. קִבְעוֹנוֹת) permanent feature, fixation. [Formed from קבע ᴵᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

קַבְעָן m.n. PBH man of violence, robber. [Aram., from קֽבַע. See קבע ᴵ and agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קֻבַּֽעַת f.n. cup (in the Bible occurring only Is. 51:17 and 22). [According to most commentators meaning ‘cup’; according to others the meaning is ‘sediment, dregs’. Related to Akka. qabūtu (= cup), Ugar. qb‘t (= drinking vessel), Syr. קוּבְעָא and Arab. qab‘a (= sheath of a flower of fruit), and (according to some scholars) to Arab. qa‘b (= cup of wood). It is also related to קוֹבַע (= helmet), and to גָּבִיעַ (= cup).]

קבץ to collect, gather, assemble, store.
    — Qal - קָבַץ he collected, gathered, assembled, stored.
    — Niph. - נִקְבַּץ was collected, was gathered, was assembled.
    — Pi. - קִבֵּץ 1 he collected, gathered, assembled, stored; NH 2 he made folds (in a dress).
    — Pu. - קֻבַּץ 1 was collected, was gathered, was assembled, was stored; 2 was pleated.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַבֵּץ MH 1 was collected, was gathered, was assembled; MH 2 met in the same orbit (astronomy); NH 3 was heaped. [Related to Arab. qabaḍa (= he seized, took grasp, clasped, clutched), Aram. קְבַץ (= he fixed, fastened, he nailed; he set up), Syr. קֽבַץ (= to harvest), Ethiop. qabṣa (= contracted), to base קבע ᴵᴵ and also to bases כוץ, קפץ and קמץ ᴵ.] Derivatives: קֹבֶץ, קֶבֶץ, קַבְּצָן, קִבּוּץ ᴵ, קִבּוּץ ᴵᴵ, קֻבּוּץ, קָבוּץ, קְבוּצָה, קְבִיצָה, הַקְבָּצָה, הִקָּבְצוּת, הִתְקַבְּצוּת, מִקְבָּץ, מְקֻבָּץ.

קֹֽבֶץ m.n. MH collection, compilation. [From קבץ.]

קֶֽבֶץ m.n. PBH joint. [From קבץ.]

קַבְּצָן m.n. NH 1 beggar. 2 a poor man. [Formed from קִבֵּץ (= he collected, gathered), Pi. of קבץ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: קַבְּצָנוּת, קַבּֽצָנִי.

קַבְּצָנוּת f.n. NH 1 beggarliness. 2 poverty. [Formed from קַבּֽצָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַבְּצָנִי adj. NH beggarly. [Formed from קַבְּצָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַבְקַב m.n. MH (dual קַבְקַבַּיִם, pl. קַבֽקַבִּים) wooden shoe, sabot. [From Arab. qabqāb (= wooden clog). cp. כַּפְכַּף.]

קבר to bury.
    — Qal - קָבַר he buried.
    — Niph. - נִקֽבַּר was buried.
    — Pi. - קִבֵּר he buried.
    — Pu. - קֻבַּר was buried (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 25:10).
    — Hoph. - הֻקְבַּר was buried. [Aram.–Syr. קֽבַר, Arab. qabara (= he buried), Nab. קבר, Akka. qibīru (= to bury).] Derivatives: קֶבֶר, קַבָּר, קִבֽרָה, קַבְּרָן, קָבוּר, קֽבוּרָה, קְבִירָה, הִקָּבְרוּת, מְקֻבָּר.

קֶֽבֶר m.n. (pl. קֽבָרִים, also קֽבָרוֹת) 1 grave, tomb. PBH 2 womb, uterus. MH 3 tombstone. [From קבר. cp. Aram. קִבְרָא, Syr. קַבְרָא, Palm. and Nab. קברא (= grave, tomb). cp. the first element in קְבַרְנוּן (a kind of a fish).]

קַבָּר m.n. NH gravedigger, sexton. [Nomen opificis formed from קִבֵּר (= he buried), Pi. of קבר according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

קִבָּר m.n. PBH coarse meal. [From L. cibārius, scil. pānis (= bread from coarse meal), from cibus (= food), which is of uncertain origin.]

קִבְרָה f.n. MH grave, tomb. [A secondary form of קֶבֶר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַבָּרֶט m.n. FW cabaret. [From Dutch cabret, which is related to Fren. chambre (= room), from L. camera (= vault, arched roof, arch), from Gk. kamara, which is cogn. with L. camur, camurus (= curved), from IE base * qam-, *qem- (= to bend, vault). See ‘camera’ in my CEDEL.]

קַבְּרָן m.n. MH gravedigger, sexton. [Formed from קִבֵּר (= he buried), Pi. of קבר, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קְבַרְנוּן m.n. NH gudgeon (a fish). [Aram. קְבַרֽנוּנָא (= lit.: ‘grave-fish’), from קִבְרָא (= grave), and נוּנָא (= fish), see קֶבֶר and נוּן.]

קַבַּרְנִיט m.n. PBH 1 steersman, pilot, captain (of a ship). NH 2 aircraft pilot. [Gk. kybernetes (= steersman), from kybernan (= to steer, guide, govern), whence L. gubernāre (of s.m.). Of uncertain origin. cp. קִיבֶּרֽנֶטִיקָה.]

קִבֹּֽרֶת f.n. PBH biceps. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קַבּוּרָא (= heaps), Syr. קְבָרָא (= a ball of thread), קוּבְרָרָא (= heap).]

קֵבָתִי adj. NH gastric. [Formed from קֵבָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

קדד ᴵ to bow down, bow one’s head.
    — Qal - קַד he bowed down, bowed his head. [Related to Akka. qadādu (= to incline). Related also to, and perhaps denominated from, קָדְקֹד (= crown of the head, vertex).] Derivative: קִדָּה ᴵᴵ.

קדד ᴵᴵ to cut, to bore, drill.
    — Qal - קָדַד he cut, bored, drilled.
    — Niph. - נִקֽדַּד was cut, was bored, was drilled.
    — Pi. - קִדֵּד he cut, bored, drilled.
    — Pu. - קֻדַּד was cut, was bored, was drilled. [Related to Syr. קַד (= he tore, he cut away), Arab. qadda (= he cut lengthwise). cp. var. קדר ᴵᴵ. cp. also קַרֽדֹּם.] Derivatives: קָדוּד, קִדּוּד, קֽדִידָה ᴵᴵ, מַקְדֵּד, מֽקִדָּה.

קדד ᴵᴵᴵ a secondary form of קוד (q.v.).

קֶֽדֶד m.n. NH Astragalus (a genus of plants of the pea family). [From Arab. qudad.]

קִדָּה ᴵ f.n. NH cassia (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 30:24 and Ezek. 27:19). [Of uncertain origin; prob. a foreign word.]

קִדָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH bow. [From קדד ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קדה to bow.
    — Qal - קָדָה he bowed. [Secondary form of קדד ᴵ.]

קָדוּד adj. PBH cut. [Pass. part. of קָדַד. See קדד ᴵᴵ.]

קִדּוּד m.n. MH cutting, boring, drilling. [Verbal n. of קִדֵּד, Pi. of קדד ᴵᴵ.]

קָדֽוּחַ ᴵ adj. PBH drilled, bored. [Pass. part. of קָדַח (= he bored, drilled). See קדח ᴵ.]

קָדְוּחַ ᴵᴵ adj. MH burning. [Pass. part. of קָדַח. See קדח.]

קִדּֽוּחַ m.n. MH boring, drilling. [Verbal n. of קִדַּח, Pi. of קדח ᴵᴵ.]

קָדֽוֹחַ m.n. NH borer, driller. [Nomen opificis formed from קדח ᴵᴵ on the analogy of Aram. קָדוֹחָא (of s.m.).]

קָדוּם adj. MH 1 ancient, old. NH 2 early. [Pass. part. of קָדַם. See קדם.] Derivative: קְדוּמִים.

קִדּוּם m.n. NH advancement. [Verbal n. of קִדֵּם, Pi. of קדם.]

קְדוּמִים m.n. pl. ancient times, antiquity. [From קָדוּם.]

קְדוּמִית f.n. NH protozoon. [Formed from קָדוּם with suff. ◌ִית.]

קְדוֹמָנִי, קְדוֹמַנִּי adj. NH fore-, front-, forward. [Formed from קדם with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: קְדוֹמַנִּית.

קְדוֹמַנִּית adv. NH forward. [Formed from קֽדוֹמַנִּי.]

קָדוּד ᴵ adj. MH dark, gloomy. [Pass. part. of קָדַר. See קדר ᴵ.]

קָדוּר ᴵᴵ adj. PBH cut, bored, drilled. [Pass. part. of קָדַר. See קדר ᴵᴵ.]

קְדוֹרַנִּי adj. MH dark, gloomy. [Back formation from קְדוֹרַנִּית.]

קְדוֹרַנִּית adv. mournfully (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Mal. 3:14). [From קדר ᴵ. cp. אֲחוֹרַנִּית (= backward).]

קָדוֹשׁ adj. 1 holy, sacred. 2 saint, saintly. MH 3 martyr. [From קדשׁ. Related to Phoen. קדש, Aram.–Syr. (also BAram.) קַדִּישׁ, Arab. qaddīs, qiddūs (= holy, sacred), Akka. quddushu (= shining, pure).]

קִדּוּשׁ m.n. PBH 1 sanctification. 2 cleaning, purification. 3 ‘Kiddush’ (ceremonial blessing over a glass of wine (or loaves of bread) on Sabbath and holy days). [Verbal n. of קִדֵּשׁ, Pi. of קדשׁ.]

קדח ᴵ to kindle, be kindled.
    — Qal - קָדַח 1 he kindled; 2 was kindled; NH 3 was feverish, suffered from fever.
    — Niph. - נִקֽדַּח 1 pbh was burned; PBH 2 was burned; NH 3 became sick with fever.
    — Hiph. - הִקְדִּיחַ PBH 1 he burned; MH 2 he spoiled; MH 3 he caused fever; MH 4 it burned; PBH 5 he had fever.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְדַּח 1 was burned; 2 was attacked by fever. [Related to Aram. קֽדַח (= it was kindled), Syr. קְדַח (= kindled). This base is prob. a special sense development of קדח ᴵᴵ and orig. meant ‘to make fire by rubbing’.] Derivatives: קֶדַח ᴵ, קַדַּחַת, קָדוּחַ ᴵ, קְדִיחָה, קַדַּחִת, אֶקְדָּח, אֶקֽדּוֹחַ, מֻקְדָּח.

קדח ᴵᴵ to bore, drill.
    — Qal - קָדַח he bored, drilled.
    — Pi. - קִדַּח he bored through.
    — Pu. - קֻדַּח was bored through. [Aram.–Syr. קְדַח, Arab. qadaḥa, Ethiop. daqḥa (= he bored, drilled). cp. קדח ᴵ.] Derivatives: קֶדַח ᴵᴵ, קַדָּח, קְדַחְדָּח, קָדוּחַ ᴵᴵ, קָדוֹחַ, קְדִיחָה, מַקְדֵּחַ.

קֶֽדַח ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 inflammation. NH 2 odor of burnt food. [From קדח ᴵ.]

קֶֽדַח ᴵᴵ m.n. NH hole diameter. [From קדח ᴵᴵ.]

קַדָּח m.n. NH driller. [Nomen opificis formed from קִדַּח, Pi. of קדח ᴵᴵ.]

קְדַחְדָּח m.n. NH driller. [Formed from קדח ᴵᴵ through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

קַדַּֽחַת f.n. inflammation, fever (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 26:16 and Deut. 28:22). [From קדח ᴵ. For the form see אַדֶּמֶת.] Derivatives: קַדַּחְתָּנוּת, קַדַּחְתָּנִי.

קַדַּחְתָּנוּת f.n. NH feverish, excitement, fervor, ardor. [Formed from קַדַּחַת with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

קַדַּחְתָּנִי adj. NH feverish, fervent, ardent. [Formed from קַדַּחַת with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

קָדֶט m.n. FW cadet. [Fren. cadet, from Gascon capdet (= chief), from Vulgate L. capitellus, dimin. formed from L. caput (= head). See קַפִּיטָל.]

קָדִי see קָאדִי.

קְדִידָה f.n. PBH cutting out. [Verbal n. of קָדַד. See קדד.]

קְדִיחָה ᴵ f.n. MH 1 burning. NH 2 being attacked by fever. [Verbal n. of קָדַח. See קדח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְדִיחָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH boring, drilling. [Verbal n. of קָדַח. See קדח ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָדִים m.n. 1 east. 2 (short for רוּחַ קָדִים) east wind. קָדִֽימָה. [From קדם. cp. קֶדֶם.]

קָדִימָה adv. 1 eastward. NH 2 forward. [Formed from קָדִים with local ◌ָה.]

קְדִימָה f.n. PBH 1 precedence. NH 2 preferment. [Verbal n. of קָדַם. See קדם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְדִירָה ᴵ f.n. MH darkening, gloom. [Verbal n. of קָדַר. See קדר and verbal suff. ◌ָה.]

קְדִירָה ᴵᴵ f.n. boring, drilling. [Verbal n. of קָדַר. See קדר ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. קֽדִידָה ᴵᴵ.]

קַדִּישׁ adj. & n. (pl. קַדִּישִׁים and קַדִּישִׁין) 1 holy, sacred. PBH 2 ‘Kaddish’ (lit.: ‘consecration’, liturgical doxology). NH 3 popular name of a son (so called because he is supposed to recite Kaddish after a parent’s death). [Aram. (also BAram.), related to Heb. קָדוֹשׁ (q.v.); so called because it begins with the words יִתֽגַּדַּל וְיִתְקַדַּשׁ שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא (= glorified and sacrified be his great name).]

קְדָל m.n. PBH back of the neck, nape. [Aram.–Syr. קְדָלָא, related to Arab. qadhāl (= back of the neck).]

קדם to be before, be in front.
    — Qal - קָדַם 1 he was before, was in front; 2 he preceded; 3 he had priority over.
    — Pi. - קִדֵּם PBH 1 he was in front, advanced; 2 he met, came to meet, received, welcomed; NH 3 he hastened.
    — Pu. - קֻדַּם 1 was hastened, was hurried up; 2 was received, was welcomed.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַדֵּם NH 1 he went forward, preceded; MH 2 he succeeded, prospered; NH 3 he made progress.
    — Hiph. - הִקְדִּים 1 he anticipated, preceded, advanced; 2 he confronted; PBH 3 he met, went to meet.
    — Hoph. - הֻקִדַּם PBH 1 was advanced, was antedated; 2 it preceded; NH 3 came before, came first. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קְדַם (= he was before, preceded, went before, anticipated), Arab. qadama, Ethiop. qadama (= he preceded), Arab. ’aqdama, taqaddama (= was bold and daring in attack), Akka. qudmu (= front, former time), Ugar. qdm (v. to approach; adv. before; n. front, east).] Derivatives: קֶדֶם, קֹדֶם, קְדַם◌, קַדְמָא, קַדְמַאי, קַדְמָה ᴵ, קַדְמָה ᴵᴵ, קִדְמָה ᴵ, קִדְמָה ᴵᴵ, קַדְמוֹן, קַדְמוּת, קִדְמִי, קְדָמִי, קַדְמָן, קִדֹּמֶת, קִדּוּם, קָדוּם, קְדוּמִים, קְדִימָה, אַקֽדָמָה, אַקְדָּמוּת, הֶקְדֵּם, הַקְדָּמָה, הִתְקַדְּמוּת, מִקְדָּם, מֽקַדֵּם, מִקְדָּמָה, תַּקְדִּמָה. cp. קַדֽמִיּוּם.

קֹֽדֶם PBH 1 before, previously. 2 before. [From קדם.]

קֶֽדֶם m.n. (with local ◌ָה: קֵדְמָה) 1 what is in front, forward. 2 east. [From קדם. cp. the second element in אֶשְׁתָּקַד. cp. also קַדְמָאִי, קַדְמַאי.]

קְדַם◌ NH pref. meaning ‘before’ (both in time and place), corresponding to L. prae- (whence Fren. pré–, Eng. pre–, etc.). [From BAram. קֳדָם (= before), from קדם. cp. OAram., JAram. קֳדָם, Syr. קְדָם (of s.m.).] Derivative: קְדָמִי.

קַדְמָא m.n. MH ‘kadma’ — name of a conjunctive accent, placed over the word (its form is ◌֨, and it is almost always followed by the accent ‘azla’). [Aram., lit. ‘preceding’, from קְדַם. See קדם and cp. קַמָּא.]

קַדְמָאִי adj. NH preceding, primary, primordial. [Formed from קֶדֶם with suff. ◌ָאִי. cp. קַדְמַאי.]

קַדְמַאי m.n. PBH (pl. קַדְמָאִין) first, former. [Aram., corresponding to Heb. קַדְמוֹן. See קדם and cp. קַדְמַאי.]

קַדְמָה ᴵ f.n. 1 beginning, origin. 2 former state. [Formed from קדם with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. BAram. קַדֽמַת. cp. also קַדֽמָה ᴵᴵ.]

קַדְמָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH forecourt. [Of the same origin as קַדֽמָה ᴵ.]

קִדְמָה ᴵ f.n. front (in the Bible occurring only in the c. st. קִדְמַת, ‘in front of’). [Formed from קדם with subst. suff. ◌ָה. cp. קִדֽמָה ᴵᴵ.]

קִדְמָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH progress. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from קדם; hence ult. of the same origin as קִדְמָה ᴵ. cp. Arab. taqadam (= advance, progression, progress), inf. of taqadama (= he preceded, advanced), from qadama (= he preceded).]

קִדְמָה see קֶדֶם.

קַדְמוֹן adj. & m.n. MH 1 ancient. 2 eastern (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 47:8). [Formed from קדם with suff. ◌וֹן. Gk. Kadmos, son of the Phoenician king Agenor and founder of Thebes, properly means ‘the man who came in ancient times’ or ‘the man who came from the East’, and derives from the Sem. base קדם (the name might orig. have been קַדְמוֹן, but the Heb. suff. ◌וֹן was changed to the frequent Gk. suff. ‘– os’). cp. קַדְמִיּוּם.] Derivatives: קַדְמוֹנוּת, קַדְמוֹנִי.

קַדְמוֹנוּת f.n. NH antiquity. [Formed from קַדְמוֹן (= ancient) with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַדְמוֹנִי adj. 1 ancient. 2 eastern. [A collateral form of קַדְמוֹן.] Derivative: קַדְמוֹנִיּוּת.

קַדְמוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH antiquity, antiqueness. [A secondary form of קַדֽמוֹנוּת.]

קַדְמוּת f.n. MH 1 former position. 2 ancientness, antiquity. [Formed from קדם with suff. ◌וּת, on the analogy of Aram. קַדְמוּתָא.]

קִדְמִי adj. NH front(al). [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from קֶדֶם (= front) and suff. ◌ִי.]

קְדָמִי adj. NH preliminary. [Formed from קְדַם with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַדְמִיּוּם m.n. FW cadmium — a white metallic element (chemistry). [Modern L. cadmium, coined by its discoverer, the German chemist Friedrich Strohmeyer in 1817 from L. cadmīa (= calamine), from Gk. Kadmeia (of s.m.), lit. Cadmean (= earth), from kadmos (= Cadmus). See קַדְמוֹן.]

קַדְמָן m.n. NH 1 forecourt player (tennis). 2 progressionist. 3 promoter. [Formed from קדם with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קִדֹּֽמֶת f.n. NH prefix. [Formed from קִדֵּם, Pi. of קדם with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קָדֶנְצָה f.n. FW cadence (music). [It. cadenza, from VL cadentia, a f.n., (= a flourish before the cadence), from L. cadentia, neuter pl. of cadēns, pres. part. of cadere (= to fall). See ‘cadence’ in my CEDEL and cp. קָזוּאִיסְטִיקָה and the second element in פָּרָשׁוּט and in רֶצִידִיבִי. cp. also שַׁנְטָה.]

קָדַסְטֶר m.n. FW cadaster. [Fren. cadastre (= register of the survey of lands), from It. catastro, catastico, from Late Gk. katotichon (= register; lit.: ‘by the line’), formed from Gk. kata (see קָטָ◌), and stichos (= row, line); see אַקְרוֹסְטִיכוֹן.]

קָדְקֹד m.n. 1 head, crown of the head. 2 vertex of an angle. [Related to Aram. קָדְקוֹדָא, קוֹדְקְדָא, Ugar. qdqd, Akka. qaqqadu, qaqqudu (= head). Of uncertain origin.] Derivative: קָדֽקֳדִי, prob. also קדד ᴵ.

קדקד to crow.
    — Pilp. - קִדֽקֵד it crowed. [Of imitative origin.] Derivative: קִדְקוּד.

קָדְקֳדִי adj. NH vertical. [Formed from קָדְקֹד with suff. ◌ִי.]

קִדְקּוּד m.n. NH crowing. [Verbal n. of קדקד.]

קדר ᴵ to be dark; to be gloomy.
    — Qal - קָדַר 1 was dark, was darkened; 2 was gloomy.
    — Niph. - נִקְדַּר was darkened, became gloomy.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַדֵּר was darkened, grew dark (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 18:45.
    — Hiph. - הִקְדִּיר 1 he darkened (tr. v.), obscured; NH 2 became dark, became obscured.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְדַּר was darkened, was obscured. [Related to Arab. qadhira (= was dirty).] Derivatives: קֹדֶר, קֶדֶר, קִדְרוֹן, קַדְרוּת, קָדוּר ᴵ, קְדִירָה ᴵ, קוֹדֵר, הַקֽדָּרָה, הִתְקַדּֽרוּת, קְדוֹרַנִּית, קְדוֹרַנִּי. cp. קֵדָר. cp. also קדר ᴵᴵᴵ.

קדר ᴵᴵ to cut, bore, drill.
    — Qal - קָדַר he cut, bored, drilled. [A var. of קדד ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: קְדִירָה ᴵᴵ.

קֵדָר m.n. 1 ‘Kedar’, son of Ishmael (Gen. 25:13, Chron. I 1:29). 2 an Arabian tribe of nomads, derived from him. [Prob. lit. meaning ‘dark, swarthy’, and derived from קדר ᴵ.]

קֹֽדֶר MH, קֶֽדֶר NH m.n. darkness. [From קדר ᴵ.]

קַדָּר m.n. PBH potter. [Nomen opificis, properly back formation from קְדֵרָה.] Derivative: קַדָּרוּת.

קַדְר m.n. FW cadre. [Fren. cadre, from It. quadro, from L. quadrus (= square). See קְרַדֽרַנְט and cp. קַדְרִיל. cp. also קֽוַדְרַנֽט.]

קַדְרָא m.n. PBH pot. [Aram.–Syr. קַדֽרָא. Related to Heb. קֽדֵרָה.]

קְדֵרָה f.n. PBH pot. [cp. קִדְרָא. cp. also קַדָּר.] Derivative: קֽדֵרִית.

קִדְרוֹן m.n. MH darkness, gloom. [Formed from קדר ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

קַדָּרוּת f.n. PBH potter’s craft, pottery. [Formed from קַדָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַדְרוּת f.n. darkness, gloom (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 50:3). [Formed from קדר ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַדְרִיל m.n. FW quadrille. [Fren. quadrille, from Sp. cuadrilla, from cuadro (= square), from L. quadrus. See קְוַדְרַנְט and cp. קַדְר.]

קְדֵרִית f.n. NH a small pot. [Formed from קְדֵרָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

קְדֹרַנִּית see קֽדוֹרַנִּית.

קדשׁ to be holy, be sacred.
    — Qal - קָדַשׁ 1 was set apart, was consecrated; 2 was forbidden.
    — Niph. - נִקֽדַּשׁ 1 was hallowed, was sanctified, 2 was consecrated, was dedicated.
    — Pi. - קִדֵּשׁ 1 he hallowed, sanctified; 2 he dedicated; consecrated; 3 he declared holy; 4 he cleansed, purified; 5 he devoted, assigned; PBH 6 he sanctified the Sabbath or the festivals; PBH 7 he pronounced the benediction of Kiddush; PBH 8 he made something prohibited; PBH 9 he betrothed, wedded.
    — Pu. - קֻדַּשׁ 1 was hallowed, was sanctified; 2 was dedicated was consecrated; PBH 3 was betrothed, was wedded.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַדֵּשׁ 1 he kept himself separated, purified himself; 2 he became sanctified; 3 he prepared himself; PBH 4 it was forbidden (as food).
    — Hiph. - הִקְדִּישׁ 1 he set apart as holy, devoted as holy; 2 he regarded as holy; 3 he designated, appointed; NH 4 he dedicated.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְדַּשׁ 1 was set apart as holy, was devoted as holy; MH 2 was regarded as holy; NH 3 was designated, was appointed; NH 4 was dedicated. [Related to Ugar. qdsh (= sanctuary), Phoen. קדש (= holy), מקדש (= sanctuary, holy place), Aram.-Syr. קַדֵּשׁ (= he hallowed, sanctified, consecrated), Palm. קדש (= to sanctify, consecrate), Arab. qadusa (= was holy, was pure), quaddasa (= he hallowed, sanctified, consecrated; he went to Jerusalem), quds (= purity, holiness), al-quds (= Jerusalem; lit.: ‘the holy place’), Akka. quddushu (= to cleanse, to hallow, sanctify,), Aram.–Syr. קְדָשָׁא (= ear or nose ring; orig. ‘holy thing’). The orig. meaning of this base prob. was ‘to separate’.] Derivatives: קֹדֶשׁ, קָדֵשׁ, קֽדֵשָׁה, קֽדֻשָׁה, קֻדֽשָׁא, קָדוֹשׁ, קִדּוּשׁ, קַדִּישׁ, הֶקְדֵּשׁ, הַקְדָּשָׁה, אַקֽדַּשָׁה, הִתְקַדּֽשׁוּת, מִקֽדָּשׁ, מְקֻדָּשׁ. cp. the second element in קֽדַשְׁנוּן.

קֹֽדֶשׁ m.n. 1 holiness, sanctity. 2 a holy object. 3 a holy place. 4 the Holy Temple. [From קדשׁ. cp. Aram. קוּדֽשָׁא (= holiness), Syr. קוּדָשָׁא (= dedication, consecration), Ugar. qdsh (= holy place, sanctuary), qdsh (= a goddess), qdsht (name of a goddess).]

קָדֵשׁ m.n. temple prostitute. [Formed from קדשׁ and lit meaning ‘pure, sacred’ (i.e. priestess of the goddess Ishtar). The meaning ‘temple prostitute’ represents a later sense development. cp. Akka. qadishtu (= temple prostitute woman; lit.: ‘the pure or holy one’).] Derivative: קְדֵשׁוּת.

קֻדְשָׁא m.n. PBH holiness, used in the phrase קֻדְשָׁא בְּרִיךְ הוּא, ‘the Holy One Blessed be He’ (= Heb. הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא). In Aram. the abstr. n. קֻדְשָׁא is used for the concrete קַדִּישָׁא. [Aram., from קדש. cp. Syr. קוּדֽשָׁא (= sanctuary). cp. also קֹדֶשׁ.]

קְדֻשָּׁה f.n. PBH 1 holiness, sanctity. PBH 2 ‘Kedushshah’, name of the third of the ‘eighteen benedictions’ in the ‘Amidah’ (so called because it ends with the words הָאֵל הַקָּדוֹשׁ). MH 3 portion inserted in the ‘Amidah’ between the second and third benedictions (so called because it contains the verse beginning with the words קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ קָדוֹשׁ (= ‘Holy, holy, holy’, etc.). [Formed from קדשׁ with first suff. ◌ָה. For the form cp. גְּאֻלָּה (= redemption), from גאל ᴵ (= to redeem).]

קְדֵשָׁה f.n. 1 temple prostitute. NH 2 prostitute, harlot. [See קָדֵשׁ.]

קְדֵשׁוּת f.n. MH prostitution. [Formed from קָדֵשׁ, f. קְדֵשָׁה, with suff. ◌וּת.]

קהה to be blunt, be dull.
    — Qal - קָהָה was blunt, was dull (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 31:29 foll. and Ezek. 18:2).
    — Niph. - נִקְהָה became blunt, became dull.
    — Pi. - קֵהָה was blunted (in the Bible occurring only Eccles. 10:10).
    — Nith. - נִתֽקָהָה NH 1 became blunted, became dull; PBH 2 became hard.
    — Hiph. - הִקְהָה PBH 1 he blunted; PBH 2 he set somebody’s teeth on edge; NH 3 he confused, stupefied.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְהָה was blunted. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קְאָה (= was blunt, was dull).] Derivatives: קֵהֶה, קָהוּי, קֵהוּי, קֽהִיָּה, קֵהָיוֹן, הַקְהָיָה, הִתְקַהוּת, מֻקֽהֶה.

קֵהֶה adj. PBH 1 blunt, dull. PBH 2 not sharp, obscure, benumbed. NH 3 obtuse. [From קהה.] Derivative: קֵהוּת.

קֵהְוָה f.n. NH coffee. [Arab. qáhwa (= wine; coffee), from Kaffa, Kāfa, a district in the southwestern part of Ethiopia. Arab. qáhwa orig. meant ‘the plant or drink coming from Kaffa’. In Kaffa itself the coffee is called būnō and the Arabs borrowed this word in the form bunn, meaning by it the raw coffee. cp. ‘coffee’ in my CEDEL. cp. also קָפֶאִין, קָפֶה.] Derivative: קַהְוָן.

קָהוּי adj. NH 1 blunted, dull. PBH 2 hard. MH 3 sour. [Pass. part. of קָהָה. See קהה.]

קֵהוּי m.n. MH 1 bluntness, dullness. 2 becoming sour, sourness. [Verbal n. of קֵהָה, Pi. of קהה.]

קַהֲוָן m.n. NH seller of coffee. [Formed from קַהֽוָה.]

קֵהוּת f.n. NH 1 bluntness, dullness. 2 sourness. [Formed from קֵהֶה with suff. ◌וּת. cp. קְהִיּוּת.]

קְהִיָּה f.n. NH 1 bluntness, dullness. 2 sourness. [Formaly verbal n. of קָהָה and lit. meaning ‘becoming blunt, becoming dull’. See קהה and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. קֵהָיוֹן.]

קֵהָיוֹן m.n. MH 1 bluntness, dullness. NH 2 sourness. [Formed from קהה, with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns. cp. קְהִיָּה.]

קְהִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 bluntness, dullness. 2 sourness. [A secondary form of קֵהוּת.]

קהל to assemble, gather.
    — Qal - קָהַל 1 he assembled, gathered together (tr.); 2 he gathered together (intr.).
    — Niph. - נִקְהַל was assembled, was gathered together.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַהֵל (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִקְהִיל he summoned (an assembly), gathered, convoked.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְהַל was gathered, was convoked. [Related to Syr. קֽהַל (= he assembled, gathered), and prob. also to Akka. qu’ulu (= to assemble, gather). Base of קָהָל, קְהִלָּה, קֹהֶלֶת. This base is prob. related to base קול and orig. meant ‘to call together’, ‘call to an assembly’. For the interchangeability of ו and ה see the introductory entry to letter ה. According to some scholars קָהָל would have meant orig. ‘count of reproof’, and related to Arab. qahala (= he rebuked, reproved).] Derivatives: קָהוּל, הַקֽהֵל, הִקָּהֲלוּת, הִתְקַהֲלוּת, מַקְהֵל, מִקְהָל, מַקְהֵלָה.

קָהָל m.n. assembly, gathering; congregation, community. [See קהל. cp. Aram. קֽהָלָא (= assembly, congregation, community).] Derivative: קְהָלִי.

קְהִלָּה f.n. assembly, congregation, community (in the Bible occurring only Deut. 33:4; Neh. 5:7). [Formed from קהל with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivatives: קֽהִלִּיָּה, קְהִלָּתִי.

קְהָלִי adj. NH of the congregation, congregational. [Formed from קָהָל with suff. ◌ִי.]

קְהִלִּיָּה f.n. NH republic. [Formed from קֽהִלָּה with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

קֹהֶֽלֶת m.n. (also f.n.) 1 speaker, preacher. 2 the Book of Ecclesiastes. [Formed from קהל, hence lit. meaning ‘one who assembles a congregation or company’. The f. form קֹהֶלֶת is prob. used here to denote office. cp. Arab. ḥalīfa (= khalif), jammā‘a (= great collector), bāqira (= deep investigator).]

קְהִלָּתִי adj. NH congregational, communal. [Formed from קְהִלָּה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קְהִלָּתִיּוּת.

קְהִלָּתִיּוּת f.n. congregational life, communal life. [Formed from קְהִלָּתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָו, קַו ᴵ m.n. 1 measuring line, line. PBH 2 cord, string. PBH 3 circle, zone. [From קוה ᴵ. Related to Akka. qū (= thread). cp. קַוַּיִם.] Derivatives: קַוָּן, קוקו.

קַו ᴵᴵ m.n. a word occurring Ps. 19:4, in the sentence בְּכָל הָאָרֶץ יָצָא קַוָּם, where it prob. means ‘voice’. [Of uncertain, perhaps imitative, origin. However, it is possible that קַו in the above verse derives from base קוה ᴵᴵᴵ and accordingly means ‘call’.]

קוֹ◌ pref. FW co-. [Short form of קוֹמְ◌ (q.v.), קוֹנְ◌ (q.v.).]

קוֹאוֹפֶּרָטִיב m.n. FW co-operative. [Eng. co-operative, from co-operate, from L. co-operārī (= to work together with), from L. co– (see קוֹ◌) and operārī (= to work, labor). See אוֹפֶּרָטִיבִי.]

קוֹאוֹפֶּרָטִיבִי adj. FW co-operative, cooperating. [Formed from קוֹאוֹפֶּרָטִיב with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹאוֹפֶּרַצְיָה f.n. FW co-operation. [Late L. cooperātiō (= a working together), from cooperārī. See קוֹאוֹפֶּרָטִיב.]

קוֹאוֹרְדִּינָטָה f.n. FW co-ordinate. [Formed from קוֹ◌ and L. ōrdināta, f. of ōrdinātus, p. part. of ōrdināre (= to set in order), from ōrdō (= order). See אוֹרְדִּינָטָה.]

קוֹאוֹרְדִּינַצְיָה f.n. FW co-ordination, harmonious action. [Formed from קוֹ◌ and L. ōrdinātiō (= a setting in order, arrangement), from ōrdinātus, p. part. of ōrdināre. See אוֹרְדִּינָטָה and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוֹאָלִיצְיָה f.n. FW coalition. [Med. L. coalitiō, from L. coalitus, p. part. of coalēscere (= to grow together, unite), from co– (see קוֹ◌) and alēscere (= to grow up), inchoative of alere (= to nourish). See אַלְט.]

קוֹאֶפִיצְיֶנְט m.n. FW coefficient. [Formed from קוֹ◌ and L. efficiēns, pres. part. of efficere (= to execute, accomplish, produce), from ex (see אֶקְס◌) and facere (= to make, do). See פַקְט.]

קוּבּ m.n. FW cubic meter. [Fren., from L. cubus, from Gk. kybos (= cube, cubical die), prob. of Sem. origin. cp. Arab. ka‘b (= cube), and see כַּעבָּה.]

קוּבְיָא f.n. PBH dice. [Gk. kybeia (= dice playing), from kybos (= cube, cubical die). See קֻבִּיָּה and cp. קוּבְיוּסֽטוּס.]

קוּבְיוּסְטוּס m.n. PBH dicer; gambler. [Gk. kybeutes (= dicer, gambler), from kybeia. See קוּבֽיָא.]

קוֹבַּלְט m.n. FW cobalt. [From Ger. Kobalt, which is prob. a blend of Ger. kobolt (= a malicious sprite), and Gk. kobalos (= rogue; knave; an evil spirit).]

קוּבְלָנָה f.n. PBH complaint, grumble. [Aram. קוּבְלָנָא, from קֽבַל (= he cried out, complained). See קבל ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: קוֹבְלָנִי.

קוֹבְלָנִי adj. NH complaining, grudging, grumbling, murmuring. [Formed from קוּבְלָנָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹבַע m.n. helmet. [A secondary form of כּוֹבַע. cp. קֻבַּעַת.]

קוֹד ᴵ m.n. PBH dish, plate. [Related to Akka. quddu, Arab. qadda (= he cut lengthwise, cut into strips). Hence קוֹד and quddu lit. mean ‘a vessel cut out of the half of a sphere’.]

קוֹד ᴵᴵ m.n. FW code. [Fren. code, from L. codex. See קוֹדֶקְ.] Derivatives: קוד, קוֹדָן.

קוד to code, encode.
    — Pi. - קִוֵּד, (also קוֹדֵד) he coded, encoded.
    — Pu. - קֻוַּד, (also קֻדַּד) was coded, was encoded. [Denominated from קוֹד ᴵᴵ.]

קוֹדָה f.n. FW coda (music). [It. coda, from L. cōda, secondary form of cauda (= tail), which prob. means ‘a piece cut, or to be cut off’, and related to cōdex (= a block of wood, trunk of a tree). See קוֹדֶקְס.]

קוֹדֵס adj. PBH former, preceding, previous. [Act. part. of קָדַם. See דקם.]

קוֹדֶקְס m.n. FW code, codex. [L. caudex, cōdex (= trunk of a tree, a block of wood; lit.: ‘a tree cut off’), which is related to cūdere (= to strike, beat, pound), from IE base * qau–, *qu– (= to strike, beat). See ‘hew’ in my CEDEL and cp. קוֹד ᴵᴵ, קוֹדָה.]

קוֹדָן m.n. NH encoder. [Formed from קוֹד ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קוֹדֵר adj. NH 1 black, dark. 2 (fig.), gloomy, melancholy. [Act. part. of קָדַר. See קדר ᴵ.]

קְוַדְרִילִיוֹן m.n. FW quadrillion. [Fren. quadrillion, formed from L. quadri– (= having four, consisting of four) on the analogy of million. See קְוַדְרַנְט and מִילְיוֹן.]

קְוַדְרַנְט m.n. FW quadrant (geometry). [L. quadrāns (= a fourth part), properly pres. part. of quadrāre (= to square), from quadrus (= square), from IE * qetwor–, *qetur– (= four). See ‘four’ in my CEDEL and cp. קַדְר, קַדְרִיל and קֽוַדֽרִילְיוֹן. cp. also קְוַרֽטָה, קְוַרֽטוֹ, קֽוַרְטֶט, קָרַנְטִין.]

קוּדְשָׁא see קֻדְשָׁא.

קוה ᴵ to wait for (the orig. meaning prob. was ‘to twist, stretch’, whence ‘to be stretched, be strained’, whence ‘to await tensely’).
    — Pi. - קִוָּה 1 he waited for, expected, hoped for; 2 he lay in wait for.
    — Pu. - קֻוָּה was expected, was hoped for.
    — Hiph. - הִקְוָה he gave hope to, encouraged. [Related to Arab. qawiya (= was strong), quwwa (= strength; also ‘strand of a rope’), Syr. קַוִּי (= he endured, remained, waited), qūyā (= loom), Aram. קַוָּא (= thread), pl. קַוִּין (= ‘threads’, esp. ‘spider’s web’), Akka. qu’ū (= to wait), qū (= cord). Base of קַו ᴵ.] — The Qal occurs only in the act. part. קוֶֹה (q.v.). Derivatives: קַו ᴵ, קִוּוּי ᴵ, קְוִיָּה ᴵ, מִקְוֶה ᴵᴵ, מְקֻוֶּה ᴵᴵ, תִּקְוָה ᴵ, תִּקְוָה ᴵᴵ.

קוה ᴵᴵ to collect (water).
    — Qal - קָוָה he collected.
    — Niph. - נִקְוָה was collected (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 1:9 and Jer. 3:17).
    — Hiph. - הִקְוָה he collected, gathered (water).
    — Hoph. - הֻקְוָה was collected, was gathered (said of water).
    — Hith. - הִתְקַוָּה (of s.m.). [JAram. אַקְוִי (= he collected). According to some scholars related to Syr. קְבָא (= was collected, ran together), prob. also related to Ethiop. qabawa (= he suffered from dropsy).] Derivatives: קוה ᴵᴵᴵ, קָווּי, קִוּוּי ᴵᴵ, קִוּוּיָה, הַקְוָאָה, הִקָּווּת, מִקְוֶה ᴵ, מִקְוָה.

קוה ᴵᴵᴵ to call, invoke.
    — Qal (see . - קוֶֹה ).
    — Pi. - קִוָּה (see קוה ᴵᴵ). [Special sense development of קוה ᴵᴵ. This meaning is obvious in Ps. 40:2, where the action expressed by קִוִּיתִי must be related to the noun שַׁוְעָתִי, ‘my cry’. For the relation between ‘call’ and ‘collect’, cp. the nouns קוֹל and קָהָל.]

קוֶֹה adj. occurring only 6 times in the Bible (always in the pl.), usually regarded as the act. part. Qal of קוה ᴵ and accordingly rendered by ‘waiting for, hopeful’. However, it is more probable that קוֶֹה is the act. part. of קוה ᴵᴵᴵ and means ‘he that calls or invokes’. cp. קַו ᴵᴵ. [For other verbs which have only the actor passparticiple form in the Qal and are usually identical in meaning to the partof the Pi‘el cp. בָּרוּךְ, דּוֹבֵר (see דבר ᴵ), שׁוֹחֵר, (Pr. 11:27; see שׁחר ᴵ), שׁוֹקֵר (Pr. 17:4; see שׁקר). cp. קַו ᴵᴵ.]

קְווֹטָה f.n. FW quota. [Med. L. quota, short for L. quota pars (= how great a part), from quot (= how many), from the IE base * kwo–. cp. קְווֹרוּם and קְוַנְט.]

קָווּי adj. PBH collected, gathered. [Pass. part. of קָוָה. See קוה ᴵᴵ.]

קִוּוּי ᴵ m.n. PBH hope, expectation. [Verbal n. of קִוָּה, Pi. of קוה ᴵ.]

קִוּוּי ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH collection (esp. of water). [Verbal n. of קִוָּה, Pi. of קוה ᴵᴵ.]

קִוּוּיָּה f.n. PBH collected water. [Formed from קִוָּה, Pi. of קוה ᴵᴵ, with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָווּץ adj. PBH 1 thorny. 2 (according to another view) wrinkled. [If the meaning is ‘thorny’, the word is denominated from קוֹץ (formally a pass. part.); if the word means ‘wrinkled’, it is a collateral form of כָּווּץ.]

קִוּוּץ m.n. MH removal of thorns. [Verbal n. of קִוֵּץ, Pi. of קוץ ᴵᴵᴵ.]

קְווֹרוּם m.n. FW quorum. [Eng. quorum, from L. quōrum (= of whom); see ‘who’ in my CEDEL and cp. קֽווֹטָה. So called from the first word of the commission issued to certain justices in England: quōrum aliquem vestrum … unum ( duōs, trēs, etc.) esse volūmus, ‘of whom we wish one (two, three, etc.) of you to be’.]

קוֹזָזָה f.n. PBH occurring in the phrase קוֹזְזוֹת אֲדָמָה (= clods of earth). [From Aram. קֽזַז (= he cut off), which is related to Heb. קָצַץ (of s.m.). See קזז and cp. קְזוּזָה, קֽסָסָה.]

קוֹזְמוֹקְרָטוֹר m.n. FW emperor, lord of the world (title of the Roman emperors). [Gk. kosmokrator (lit.: ‘ruler of the world’), compounded of kosmos (= world), which is of uncertain origin, and kratos (= ruler, controler), which is formed from the base of kratos (= strength, might, power, rule, sway, dominion). See ◌קֽרַטְיָה.]

קוֹזָק m.n. FW cossack. [Russ. kozak, kazak, from Turkish qazāq, qāzāq (= nomad, vagabond).]

קוט a secondary form of base קוץ ᴵ.
    — Qal - קַט he felt a loathing, was disgusted (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 95:10).
    — Niph. - נָקוֹט, נָקֹט (of s.m.).
    — Hithpol. - הִתְקוֹטֵט 1 he felt disgust (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 119:158 and 139:21); PBH 2 he quarreled. [cp. נקט ᴵᴵ, קטט. cp. also קנט.] Derivative: הִתְקוֹטְטוּת.

קוֹטֶג׳ m.n. FW cottage. [Eng. cottage, a hybrid coined from Old Fren. cote, a Frankish loan word (see ‘cot’ in my CEDEL), and from ‘– age’, a suff. of Latin origin (see this suff. in my CEDEL).]

קוּטִית f.n. PBH name of a small measure. [Hebraization of Gk. kytos (= a hollow, hollow vessel, vault), from IE base * qeu–t– (= to cover, hide). See ‘hide’. (skin), in my CEDEL.]

קוֹטַנְגֶּנְס m.n. FW cotangent (trigonometry). [From co. tangēns, abbreviation of Modern L. complēmentī tangēns (= the tangent of the complement). This name and its abbreviation into co. tangēns were first used by Edmund Gunter, a mathematician of the early 17th century. See קוֹמְפְּלֶט and טַנְגֶּנְס and cp. קוֹסִינוּס.]

קַוִּי adj. MH linear. [Formed from קַו ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קְוִיָּה ᴵ f.n. hope, expectation. [From קוה ᴵ; formally verbal n. of קָוָה. See קוה ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְוִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH collecting, gathering. [Verbal n. of קָוָה. See קוה ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַוַּֽיִם m.n. NH sign of equality (=). [Dual of קַו ᴵ (q.v.).]

קְוִינְטָה f.n. FW quint (music). [Fren. quinte (= quint), f. of quint (= fifth), from L. quīnta pars (= fifth part), f. of quīntus (= fifth), which is related to quīnque (= five), from IE * penqe (in L. quīnque the initial p in the first syllable was assimilated to initial q in the following syllable). See ‘five’ in my CEDEL and cp. קְוִינְטֶט and קְוִינְטִילְיוֹן.]

קְוִינְטֶט m.n. FW quintet, quintette (music). [Fren. quintette, from It. quintetto, dimin. of quinto (= fifth), from L. quīntus. See קְוִינְטָה.]

קְוִינְטִילִיוֹן m.n. FW quintillion. [Fren. quintillion, formed from L. quīntus (= fifth; see קְוִינֽטָה), on the analogy of million. See מִילְיוֹן.]

קְוִיסְלִינְג m.n. FW quisling, a traitor. [Named after Vidkun Quisling, the notorious Norwegian traitor in World War II.]

קוֹל m.n. (pl. קוֹלוֹת) 1 voice. 2 sound, noise. 3 thunder. 4 report, rumor. [Related to Phoen. קל, BAram. קָל, Aram. קַל, קָלָא, Syr. קָלָא, Ugar. ql, Ethiop. qāl, Akka. qālu (= to shout, cry), OSArab. קול (= voice), Arab. qaul (= word, speech, uttering), qāla (= he said). For the relationship between קול and קהל see קהל.] Derivatives: קוֹלִי, קוֹלָן ᴵᴵ, קוֹלָנִי. cp. the first element in קוֹלְנוֹעַ and the second element in רַמֽקוֹל and רֽשַׁמְקוֹל.

קוֹלָב m.n. PBH 1 peg, hook. NH 2 clothes hanger. [Related to Arab. kullāb (= hook). cp. מַקְלֵב.]

קוֹלֶג׳ m.n. FW college. [Eng. college, from Fren. collège, from L. collēgium (= persons united by the same office, college, union, company; orig. ‘a union formed by law’), from col– (= together), and lēgis (= law). See קוֹ◌ and לֶגִיטִימִי.]

קוֹלֶגְיָאלִי adj. FW collegial. [L. collēgiālis, from collēgium. See קוֹלֶג׳. For L. – ālis see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL; for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי in this dictionary.] Derivative: קוֹלֶגְיָאלִיּוּת.

קוֹלֶגְיָאלִיּוּת f.n. FW collegiality. [Formed from קוֹלֶגֽיָאלִי with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹלוֹאִיד m.n. colloid. [Compounded of Gk. kolla (= glue), and – oeides (= like), from eidos (= form, shape). For the first element cp. קוֹלָן ᴵ; for the second element see אִידֵאָה.]

קוֹלוּמְבַּדְיוּם m.n. FW 1 dovecote. 2 type of grave (archeology). [L. columbārium, properly neuter of the adj. columbārius (= pertaining to doves) used as a noun, from columba (= pigeon, dove), and – arium, subst. suff. meaning ‘a place for’, or ‘a bounding in’, or ‘something’.]

קוּלוֹן m.n. FW coulomb (electricity). [Fren. coulomb, named after the French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736–1806).]

קוֹלוֹן FW (in מֵי־קוֹלוֹן) eau de Cologne. [Fren. eau de Cologne, lit.: ‘water of Cologne’, French name of Köln in Germany, orig. called Colōnia Agrippīna (= colony of Agrippa), after Agrippa, wife of the Roman emperor Claudius. For the etymology of L. colōnia see קוֹלוֹנְיָה.]

קוֹלוֹנְיָאלִי adj. FW colonial. [Eng. colonial, coined by the British statesman Edmund Burke (1729–97) from L. colōnia. See קוֹלוֹנֽיָה. For the ending – ial see suff. ‘–ial’ in my CEDEL, for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי in my CEDEL.]

קוֹלוֹנְיָה f.n. FW colony. [L. colōnia (= landed estate, farm, settlement, colony), from colōnus (= tiller of the ground, husbandman, farmer), from colere (= to till the ground, cultivate, dwell, inhabit), related to incola (= inhabitant), inquilīnus (= inhabitant of a place which is not his own, lodger), from IE base * qel– (= to turn, turn round, move about). cp. ‘colony’ in my CEDEL. cp. קוּלְטוּרָה, קוּלְטִיבָטוֹר. cp. also טֶלֶגֽרָף, פָּלֵיאוֹגְרַפְיָה, צִיקְלוּס, קוֹלָר.]

קוֹלוֹנִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW colonization. [See קוֹלוֹנֽיָה and suff. ◌ִצְיָה.]

קוֹלוֹנֶל m.n. FW colonel. [It. colonnello, whence also Fren. colonel, whence Eng. colonel, from colonna (= column), which is formed from IE base * qel– (= to rise, be elevated), whence also columen, culmen (= top, summit, gable), celsus (= high, lofty, elevated), excellere (= to rise, excel), collis (= a hill), etc. See ‘column’ in my CEDEL. and cp. קוֹלוֹפוֹן.]

קוֹלוֹסָלִי adj. FW colossal. [Fren. colossal, formed from L. colossus (= a gigantic statue, colossus), from Gk. kollosos, a word borrowed from an Aegean language. For the ending – al see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL, for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי in this dictionary.]

קוֹלוֹפוֹן m.n. FW colophon. [Gk. kolophon (= top, summit, finishing touch), from IE * qol-h-bho-, related to kolonos, kolone (= hill). See קוֹלוֹנֶל and cp. קוֹלוֹפוֹנֽיוּם.]

קוֹלוֹפוֹנְיוּם m.n. FW colophony (a resin). [L. colophōnia, from Gk. retine Kolophonia (= resin from Colophon), from Kolophon, name of a town in Lydia, lit. meaning ‘summit’. See קוֹלוֹפוֹן.]

קוֹלוֹדָטוּדָה f.n. coloratura (music). [It. coloratura (lit.: ‘a coloring’), from L. colorāre (= to color), from color (= color of the skin, color in general, appearance). L. color properly means (= outward show, covering), and is related to cēlāre (= to hide). Both these words derive from IE base * k̂el- (= to hide, conceal).]

קוֹלָז׳ m.n. FW collage (art). [Fren. collage, from Gk. kolla (= glue).]

קוֹלָח m.n. NH hose, water hose. [Formed from קָלַח; see קלח.]

קוֹלְחוֹז m.n. FW kolkhoz. [Russ. kolkhoz, shortened from kol(lektivnoie) khoz(yaistvo) (= collective household).]

קוּלְטוּרָה f.n. FW [Fren. culture, from L. cultūra (= a cultivating, culture, agriculture), from cultus, p. part. of colere. See קוֹלוֹנְיָה. For the ending of cultūra see suff. ‘–ure’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: קלטר.

קוּלְטִיבָטוֹר m.n. FW cultivator. [Med. L. cultīvātor, from cultīvātus, p. part. cultivāre, from cultīvus (= fit for tilling the ground), from L. cultus, p. part. of colere. See קוֹלוֹנְיָה. For the ending – ātor see suff. ‘–ator’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹלִי adj. MH vocal. [Formed from קוֹל with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוּלִי m.n. FW coolie. [Hindustani qulī, Kolī, name of an aboriginal tribe of Gujarat, India.]

קוֹלִיטִיס m.n. FW colitis (medicine). [Medical L. colitis, formed from Gk. kolon (= large intestine), a word of uncertain origin, with suff. – itis (see ‘–itis’ in my CEDEL).]

קוּלִינָרִי adj. culinary. [L. culīnārius (= pertaining to the kitchen), from culīna (= kitchen), which is related to coquere (= to cook), whence Late L. coquīna (= kitchen), from base * qeq–, assimilated form of IE base * peq– (= to cook), whence Gk. pessein, peptein (= to soften, ripen, boil, cook). See ‘cook’ in my CEDEL and cp. פֶּפְּטוֹן, פֶּפּֽסִין.]

קוֹלְיָס m.n. PBH scomber. [From Gk. kolias (= Scomber colias), which is of unknown origin.]

קְוָלִיפִיקַצְיָה f.n. qualification. [Med. L. qualificātiō, from quālificātus, p. part. of quālificāre (= to make a certain quality), which is compounded of L. quālis (= of what kind), and – ficāre, from facere (= to make, do). L. quālis derives from the pronominal base * quo–, whence also L. quis (= who), quid (= what), qui, quae, quod (= who, which, what). See ‘who’ in my CEDEL. For the etymology of L. facere see פַקְט. For the ending of קְוָלִיפִיקַצֽיָה see ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוּלִית f.n. PBH thighbone. [Hebraization of Gk. kolea (= thighbone), which prob. derives from IE base * (s)qel– (= to bend), whence also káṭaḥ (= thigh).]

קוּלְמוֹס, קֻלְמוֹס f.n. PBH reed pen, pen. [From Gk. kalamos (whence also Aram. קוֹלמוֹסָא), which is prob. an assimilated form of orig. kolamos, and accordingly cognate with L. culmus (= stock, stem); see ‘culm’ (stem of grasses), in my CEDEL. The Heb. and Aram. form of the word prob. derives from the orig. Gk. form kolamos. Arab. qalam (= reed pen, pen), is an Aram. loan word.]

קו, לָן ᴵ m.n. PBH glue. [Gk. kolla; see קוֹלוֹאִיד. The form of the word is really קוֹלָא, the ◌ָן being the pron. suff. of the third personal pl.]

קוֹלָן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH tuning fork; diapason. [Formed from קוֹל with suff. ◌ָן.]

קוֹלְנֽוֹעַ m.n. NH talking picture, sound film, motion picture, movie; movie house. [Coined on the analogy of רְאִינוֹעַ from קוֹל (= sound, voice), and נוֹעַ (= to move). See קול and נוע.] Derivative: קוֹלְנוֹעִי.

קוֹלְנוֹעִי adj. NH cinematographic. [Formed from קוֹלְנוֹעַ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹלָנִי adj. PBH shouting, noisy; vociferous. [Formed from קוֹל with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: קוֹלָנִיּוּת.

קוֹלָנִיּוּת f.n. noisiness, vociferousness. [Formed from קוֹלָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קוֹלָס m.n. PBH (pl. קוֹלָסִים, also קוֹלָסוֹת) stem, stalk. [From Gk. kaulos (= stem), which is cogn. with L. caulis, cōlis (= stem, stalk; esp. ‘cabbage stalk’). cp. the first element in קוֹלֽרַבִּי.]

קוֹלֵֽעַ adj. hitting (the mark), fit, accurate. [Short of קוֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶל הַשַּׂעֲרָה (Jud. 20:16), ‘every one could sling (stones) at a hair-breadth’. Act. part. of קָלַע. See קלע.]

קוֹלֶקְטִיב m.n. FW collective. [Eng. collective (n.), from collective (adj.). See קוֹלְטִיבִי.]

קוֹלֶקְטִיבִי adj. FW collective. [From Fren. collectif, from L. collēctīvus (= gathered together, collected), from collēctus, p. part. of colligere (= to gather together, collect), from com- (see קוֹמְ◌) and legere (= to gather, collect, pick out, choose, read). See גִלְיוֹן. For the ending of קוֹלֶקְטִיבִי see suff. ◌ִי. cp. קוֹלֶקְצְיָה.] Derivative: קוֹלֶקְטִיבִיּוּת.

קוֹלֶקְטִיבִיּוּת f.n. FW collectivity. [Formed from קוֹלֶקְטִיבִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קוֹלֶקְצְיָה f.n. FW collection. [L. collēctiō, from collēctus, p. part. of colligere. See קוֹלֶקְטִיבִי.]

קוֹלָר m.n. PBH chain, neck chain for a prisoner. [Gk. kollarion, from L. collāre (= a chain for the neck; whence also Fren. collier, Eng. collar), from L. collum (= neck). These words prob. meant orig. ‘that which turns the head’, and derive from IE base * qel- (= to turn, turn round), whence also L. colére (= to till the ground; to dwell, inhabit), colōnus (= tiller of the ground, husbandman, farmer). See קוֹלוֹנְיָה.]

קוֹלְרַבִּי m.n. FW kohlrabi. [Ger. Kohlrabi, from It. cavoli rape, pl. of cavolo rapa (lit.: ‘cole rape’), influenced in form by Ger. Kohl (= cabbage). cp. Fren. chourave. For the first element see קוֹלָס, for the second see ‘rape’ (a plant allied to the turnip) in my CEDEL.]

קום to stand up, rise, arise, stand.
    — Qal - קָם 1 he stood up, rose, arose, stood; 2 he stood, remained; 3 was fixed, was valid; 4 was established, was confirmed; 5 was fulfilled.
    — Pi. - קִיַּם (a secondary formation found only in the latest books of the Bible, prob. under Aramaic influence) 1 he fulfilled; 2 he confirmed, ratified; PBH 3 he kept, preserved; PBH 4 he explained, commented; NH 5 he settled, fixed.
    — Pu. - קֻיַּם PBH 1 was fulfilled; PBH 2 was confirmed, was ratified; NH 3 was fixed, was ratified; NH 4 took place.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַיֵּם PBH 1 was fulfilled; PBH 2 was confirmed, was ratified; NH 3 was fixed; NH 4 took place; NH 5 he sustained himself, subsisted.
    — Pol. - קוֹמֵם he raised, raised up.
    — Po. - קוֹמַם was raised.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְקוֹמֵם he rose, rose up.
    — Hiph. - הֵקִים 1 he caused to rise, raised, lifted up; 2 he erected, built; 3 he appointed; 4 he carried out, fulfilled; NH 5 he established, founded.
    — Hoph. - הוּקַם 1 was made to rise, was raised, was lifted up; 2 was erected, was built; 3 was carried out, was fulfilled; 4 was appointed; NH 5 was established, was founded.
    — Shaph. (see . - שִׁקֵּם ). [Related to BAram. קָם, Syr. קָם, Arab. qāma, Ethiop. qōma (= he stood up, stood, rose, arose), OSArab. הקמ (= to raise), Akka. kummu (= place), kum, kem (= instead of), possibly also kagmanu, kaywānu (= constant, permanent), OSArab. מקמ (= place; power), Ugar. mqm (= substance; store). cp. קָא, קָאֵי, תֵּיקוּ.] Derivatives: קָם, קָמָה, קוֹמָה, קִימָה, קוֹמְמוּת, קוֹמְמִיּוּת, קִיּוּם, קַיָּם, קְיָם, קְיָמָא, קִמּוּם, הָקֵם, הֲקָמָה, הִתְקוֹמְמוּת, הִתְקַיְּמוּת, יְקוּם, מוּקָם, מָקוֹם, מְקֻיָּם, מִתְקוֹמֵם, תֵּיקוּ, תְּקוּמָה, תְּקוֹמֵם. cp. also מְקָאמָה.

קוֹם m.n. PBH curdled milk, sour milk. [Together with Aram. קוֹמָא (of s.m.) of uncertain orig. Possibly related to קום (= to stand) and lit. meaning ‘milk made to stand’. cp. Arab. qām’al-mā (= the water stood firm; i.e. the water was hardened, the water froze.]

קוֹמְ◌ pref. FW com-. [L. com (= with). cp. קוֹ◌, קוֹנְ◌, קוֹנְטְר◌.]

קוֹמְבַּיְן m.n. FW combine. [Eng. combine, from Late L. combīnāre (= to unite, combine), from com– (see קוֹמְ◌) and bīnī (= two each, two at a time), which stands for * dwis-nī and is related to duo (= two). See בִּי◌ and cp. קוֹמֽבִּינַצֽיָה.]

קוֹמְבִּינַצְיָה f.n. FW combination. [Late L. combīnātiō, from combīnāre. See קוֹמְבַּיְן and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוֹמֶדְיָה f.n. FW comedy. [L. cōmoedia, from Gk. komodia (= comedy), from komodos (= comic actor; orig. ‘singer in the komos or comic chorus’), contraction of komaoidos, which is compounded of komos (= revel, carousing, merrymaking, comic chorus), and aoidos (= singer). The first element is of uncertain origin. cp. קוֹמִי and אֲפִיקוֹמָן. The second element is related to Gk. aeidein (= to sing), aoide, ode (= song); see אוֹדָה.]

קוֹמָה f.n. 1 height. 2 man’s height, stature. NH 3 story, storey. [From קום. cp. Aram. קוֹמְתָא, Syr. קוּמְתָא (= height, stature), Arab. qāma (= stature, figure), Akka. qumtu. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קוֹמוֹדוֹר m.n. FW commodore. [From earlier commandore, from Fren. commandeur (= commander), from VL commandāre (= to command). See קוֹמַנְדּוֹ.]

קוֹמוּטָטוֹר m.n. FW commutator. [Modern L. commutātor, from L. commutātus, p. part. of commūtāre (= to change entirely), from com– (see קוֹמֽ◌) and mūtāre (= to change), which derives from IE base * meit(h)–, enlargement of base * mei– (= to change, exchange). See ‘mean’ (of low rank) in my CEDEL and cp. קוֹמוּנָה.]

קוּמוּלוּס m.n. FW cumulus. [From L. cumulus (= a heap), which prob. stands for ƙu-me-los (= a swelling), and derives from IE base * kew(e)-, *ƙū- (= to swell).]

קוֹמוּנָה f.n. FW commune. [Fren. commune, from L. commūnia, neuter pl. of commūnis (= common), which was mistaken for f. singular L. commūnis (= common, universal, public), formed from co- (see קוֹ◌) and Old L. moinos, moenus (= service, office, function), which is related to L. moenia, mūnia (= official duties), from IE base * moin-, *mein- (= to change). See ‘mean’ (= of low rank), in my CEDEL and cp. קוֹמוּנִיזְם, קוֹמוּנִיסְט, קוֹמוּנִיסְטִי, קוֹמוּנִיקָט, קוֹמוּנִיקַצְיָה cp. also קוֹמוּטָטוֹר.]

קוֹמוּנִיזְם m.n. FW communism. [Fren. communisme, coined by Goodwyn Barmby in 1840 from L. commūnis. See קוֹמוּנָה. For the ending of קוֹמוּנִיזְם see suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

קוֹמוּנִיסְט m.n. FW communist. [Fren. communiste, coined by Goodwyn Barmby from L. commūnis. See קוֹמוּנִיזֽם and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.] Derivative: קוֹמוּנִיסֽטִי.

קוֹמוּנִיסְטִי adj. FW communist, communistic. [Formed from קוֹמוּנִיסְט with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹמוּנִיקָט m.n. FW communiqué. [L. commūnicātus (whence also Fren. communiqué), p. part. of commūnicāre (= to communicate, impart, share), from commūnis. See קוֹמוּנָה.]

קוֹמוּנִיקַצְיָה f.n. FW communication. [L. commūnicātiō, from commūnicātus, p. part. of commūnicāre. See קוֹמוּנִיקָט and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוֹמוֹס m.n. FW gum, resin. [From Gk. kommi (whence also L. cummi, gummi, VL gumma, Fren. gomme, Eng. gum), from Egypt. kmj-t.] Derivative: מְקֻמָּס.

קוּמְזִיץ m.n. FW ‘kumsitz’ — get-together. [Compounded of Yiddish קוּם (= come), and זִיץ (= sit), hence lit. meaning ‘come and sit!’.]

קוֹמֵטָה f.n. FW comet. [Gk. kometes astres (= comet; lit.: ‘a long-haired star’), from koman (= to wear long hair), from kome (= hair). See קוֹמֵי.]

קוֹמֵי m.n. PBH hair. [From Gk. kome (= hair), which is of uncertain origin.]

קוֹמִי adj. FW comic, comical. [From Gk. komos (= comic chorus). See קוֹמֶדְיָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹמֵיס m.n. PBH (pl. קוֹמֵיסִין) governor. [L. comes (= governor).]

קוֹמִיסְיָה f.n. FW commission. [L. commissiō (= a bringing together in contest, the beginning of a contest), from commissus, p. part. of committere (= to join or put together, unite, connect, commit), from com- (see קוֹמְ◌) and mittere (= to send), which is prob. cogn. with Avestic maēth (= to send). See ‘mission’ in my CEDEL. For the ending see suff. ◌יָה. cp. קוֹמִיסָר, קוֹמִיסְיוֹן and קוֹמְפְּרוֹמִיס.]

קוֹמִיסְיוֹן m.n. MH commission, brokerage. [Fren. commission, from L. commissiō. See קוֹמִיסְיָה.]

קוֹמִיסָר m.n. FW commissar. [Russ. komisar, from Med. L. commissārius (= a person in charge), from L. commissus, p. part. of committere. See קוֹמִיסְיָה.]

קוֹמְמִיּוּת adv. upright, erect (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 26:13). [Formed from קום with suff. ◌וּת.]

קוֹמַנְדּוֹ m.n. FW commando. [Dutch commando, from Portuguese commando, from commandar, from L. commendāre (= to commit to one’s charge); lit.: ‘to place in one’s hands’, from com– (see קוֹמְ◌) and manus (= hand). See מָנוּפַקֽטוּרָה and cp. קוֹמוֹדוֹר. cp. also רֶקוֹמֶנֽדַּצְיָה.]

קוֹמָנִית f.n. PBH mold on bread. [Related to Aram. קוֹמָנִיתָא, Syr. קְמַל (= became moldy), קָמֽלָא (= mold), Heb. קָמַל (= withered). See קמל.]

קוֹמְפּוֹזִיטוֹר m.n. FW composer. [L. compositōr (= one who puts together, orders, arranges), from compositus, p. part. compōnere (= to put together), from com- (see קוֹמ◌) and pōnere (= to put, place). See פּוֹזִיצְיָה and cp. קוֹמְפּוֹזִיצְיָה, קוֹמְפּוֹנֶנְט and קוֹמְפּוֹסְט.]

קוֹמְפּוֹזִיצְיָה f.n. FW composition. [L. compositiō (= a putting together), from compositus, p. part. of compōnere. See קוֹמְפּוֹזִיטוֹר and suff. ◌יָה.]

קוֹמְפּוֹנֶנְט m.n. FW component. [L. compōnēns, pres. part. of compōnere. See קוֹמְפּוֹזִיטוֹר. For the ending of קוֹמְפּוֹנֶנְט see suff. ‘-ent’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹמְפּוֹסְט m.n. FW compost. [Eng. compost, from VL composita, properly p. part. of L. compōnere. See קוֹמְפּוֹזִיטוֹר.]

קוֹמְפֶּטֶנְטִי adj. FW competent. [Fren. compétent, from L. competēns, pres. part. of competere (= to strive together after something, coincide, agree, be suitable), from com- (see קוֹמ◌) and petere (= to fall upon, rush at, attack, assail, to seek, ask, request). See פֶּטִיצְיָה. For the ending ‘-ent’ see suff. ‘-ent’ in my CEDEL, for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי in this dictionary.]

קוֹמְפִּילַצְיָה f.n. FW compilation. [L. compīlātiō (= a gathering together), from compīlātus, p. part. of compīlāre (= to gather together), prob. meaning orig. ‘to press together’, and formed from com- (see קוֹמְ◌) and pīlāre (= to press, compress), from pīla (= pillar). See ‘pillar’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of קוֹמְפִּילַצְיָה see suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוֹמְפְּלֶט m.n. FW set. [From L. complētus, p. part. of complēre (= to fill up), from com– (see קוֹמְ◌) and plēre (= to fill). See פְּלֶנוּם.]

קוֹמְפְּלִיקַצְיָה f.n. FW complication. [L. complicātiō (= a folding together), from complicātus, p. part. of complicāre (= to fold together), from com– (see קוֹמֽ◌) and plicāre (= to fold, bend). See קוֹמְפְּלֶקְס and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוֹמְפְּלֶקְס m.n. FW complex. [L. complexus, p. part. of complectī (= to fold together, surround, encircle, embrace; to comprehend, understand; to comprise, include), from com- (see קוֹמְ◌) and plectere (= to plaid, braid, intertwine), from IE base * pleƙ- (= to plait, twist). See ‘ply’ (to bend), in my CEDEL and cp. קוֹמְפּֽלִיקַצְיָה. cp. also רֶפְּלִיקָה, רֶפֽלֶקֽטוֹר, and רֶפֽלֶקֽס.]

קוֹמְפְּרוֹמִיס m.n. PBH compromise. [Fren. compromis, from L. comprōmissum (= a mutual promise to abide by the award of an arbiter), properly neuter of prōmissus, p. part. of prōmittere (= to promise), from prō (see פְּרוֹ◌) and mittere (= to send). See קוֹמִיסֽיָה.]

קוֹמְפְּרֶסּוֹר m.n. FW compressor. [L. compressor (= one who compresses), from compressus, p. part. of comprimere (= to press together), from com- (see קוֹמְ◌), and premere (= to press), which is related to prēlum (= press, winepress). cp. דֶפְּרֶסְיָה.]

קוּמְקְוָט m.n. FW a small orange (Citrus Japonica). [Cantonese pronunciation of Chinese kin-kü (= ‘gold orange’).]

קוּמְקוּם m.n. PBH 1 kettle, pot. NH 2 teapot. [L. cucuma (= cooking vessel, kettle), whence also Gk. koukkoumion. However, it is possible that the Latin word was borrowed from Greek. Of unknown origin. Aram. קוּמְקוּמָא also derives from L. cucuma. Arab. qumqum is an Aram. loan word. The insertion is prob. due to reduplication.] Derivative: קוּמְקוּמוֹן.

קוּמְקוּמוֹן m.n. NH small kettle, teapot. [Formed from קוּמְקוּם with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

קַוָּן m.n. NH lineman, linesman. [Formed from קַו ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: קַוָּנוּת.

קוֹנְ◌ pref. FW con–. [A form of com– (see קוֹמְ◌) used before all consonants except b, p, l, m, r.]

קוֹנָאָה f.n. PBH cone. [From Gk. konos (= pine cone, fir cone, cone; peak), which is cogn. with Old I. sāṇaḥ (= whetstone), L. cōs (= whetstone), catus (= sharp), from IE base * ƙō(i)-, *ƙē(i)-, *ƙ(i)- (= sharp, whet; to sharpen, whet). cp. קוֹנוּס.]

קוֹנְבֶנְצְיָה f.n. convention, agreement. [L. conventiō (= meeting, assembly, agreement; lit.: ‘a coming together’), from conventus, p. part. of convenōre (= to come together), from con– (see קוֹנְ◌) and veniō (= I come), which derives from IE base * qem– (= to go; to come). See בָּסִיס.] Derivative: קוֹנְבֶנְצְיוֹנָלִי.

קוֹנְבֶנְצְיוֹנָלִי adj. FW conventional. [L. conventionālis (= pertaining to an agreement), from convetiō. See קוֹנְבֶנֽצְיָה. For the L. ending –ālis see suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL, for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹנְגְּלוֹמֶרָט m.n. FW conglomerate. [L. conglomerātus, p. part. of conglomerāre (= to roll together), from con- (see קוֹנְ◌) and glomerāre (= to form into a ball), from glomus (= ball), which derives from IE * gle-m-, a collateral form of base * glebh- (= to make into a ball, press together). See גְּלוֹבּוּס. For the ending of קוֹנְגְּלוֹמֶרָט see verbal suff. ‘-ate’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנְגְּרֶס m.n. FW congress. [L. congressus (= a coming together, a friendly meeting), from congressus, p. part. of congredī (= to come or go together), from con– (see קוֹנְ◌) and gradī (= to step, walk, go). See גַּרֽדּוֹם ᴵ and cp. words there referred to.]

קוֹנְדּוֹמִינְיוֹן m.n. FW condominium. [Modern L. condominium, from con– (see קוֹנֽ◌) and dominium (= property, right of ownership, domain), from dominus (= master, lord). See דּוֹמִינְיוֹן.]

קוֹנְדִּיטוֹן m.n. PBH spiced wine. [Gk. konditon, from L. condītum, p. part. of condīre (= to preserve, pickle, spice), which is related to condere (= to put together, store up), which is formed from con– (see קוֹנֽ◌) and IE base * dhē– (= to put, place). See תִּיק and cp. ‘do’ (v.) in my CEDEL. cp. also קוֹנְדִּיטוֹר and קוֹנְדִּטוֹרְיָה.]

קוֹנְדִּיטוֹר m.n. FW confectioner. [Ger. Konditor, a blend of It. candire, Fren. candir (= to candy), ult. from Arab. qand (= sugar), and L. condīre (see קוֹנְדִּיטוֹן). cp. קוֹנְדִּיטוֹרְיָה.]

קוֹנְדִּיטוֹרְיָה f.n. FW confectionery. [Ger. Konditorei, from Konditor. See קוֹנְדִּיטוֹר and suff. ◌יָה.]

קוֹנְדֶּנְסָטוֹר m.n. FW condenser. [From L. condēnsāre (= to make very dense, condense), from con– (see קוֹנְ◌) and dēnsāre (= to make dense). For the ending of קוֹנְדֶּנְסָטוֹר see suff. ‘–ator’ in my CEDEL.]

קוּנְדָּס m.n. PBH pole, rod, block of wood. [A collateral form of קוֹנְטוֹס (q.v.). cp. קוּנֽדֵּס.]

קוּנְדֵּס m.n. NH practical joker, prankster. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps fig. use of קוּנְדָּס.] Derivatives: קוּנְדֵּסוּת, קוּנֽדֵּסִי, קבדס.

קוּנְדֵּסוּת f.n. NH practical joke, prank, mischievousness. [Formed from קוּנְדֵּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

קוּנְדֵּסִי adj. NH prankish. [Formed from קוּנְדֵּס with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹנֶה m.n. 1 buyer, purchaser, customer. 2 owner, master. 3 creator, God. [Act. part. of קָנָה. See קנה.]

קוֹנוּס m.n. FW cone (geometry). [Gk. konos. See קוֹנָאָה.] Derivative: קוֹנִי.

קַוָּנוּת f.n. NH lineman’s job. [Formed from קַוָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְוַנְט m.n. FW quantum. [From L. quantum, neuter of quantus (= how great? how much? how many?), * quām-to-, from quam (= in what manner, as much as). See ‘how’ and ‘who’ in my CEDEL and cp. קְווֹטָה, קְווֹרוּם.]

קוֹנְטוֹ m.n. FW account. [It. conto, from Late L. computus (= a computation), from computāre (= to sum up, reckon), from com– (see קוֹמְ◌) and putāre (= to trim, prune, lop, clean, cleanse; to think over, consider, reckon, count), which is prob. related to puteus (= well, pit; lit.: ‘a hole cut’) and to pavīre (= to beat, ram, tread down). cp. דִיסְקוֹנְט. cp. also אַמְפּוּטַצֽיָה, רֶפּוּטַצֽיָה.]

קוֹנְטוֹס m.n. PBH pole, rod. [From Gk. kontos, which is related to kentein (= to prick, goad), kentron (= point, prickle). See צֶנֽטֽרָלִיזְם and cp. קוּנֽדָּס.]

קוֹנְטוּר m.n. FW contour. [Fren. contour, formed under the influence of tour (= turn), from It. contorno (= circuit, outline, contour), from contornare (= to compass about, to outline), from con– (see קוֹנְ◌) and tornare (= to turn in a lathe, turn, polish, fashion), from tornus (= lathe; graver’s tool), from Gk. tornos (= turner’s wheel — a tool for drawing a circle), which is related to toreus (= graver’s tool), toruein (= to bore through; to work in relief), from IE base * ter– (= to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, to pierce). See ‘throw’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנְטִינֶנְט m.n. FW continent. [L. continens, short for terra continēns (= the mainland, continent; lit.: ‘the land that holds together’), pres. part. of continēre (= to hold together), from con- (see קוֹנְ◌) and tenēre (= to hold), which is related to tendere (= to stretch, extend). These words derive from IE base * ten- (= to stretch, extend). See ‘tenable’, ‘tend’ and suff. ‘-ent’ in my CEDEL. cp. קוֹנְטִינֶנְטָלִי.]

קוֹנְטִינֶנְטָלִי adj. FW continental. [Formed from קוֹנֽטִינֶנֽט, with L. suff. ‘–ālis– (see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL) and Heb. suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹנְטַקְט m.n. FW contact. [L. contāctus (= a touching, contact), from contāctus, p. part. of contingere (= to touch closely), from con– (see קוֹנְ◌) and tangere (= to touch). See טַנִגֶּנֽס and cp. טַקֽט.]

קוֹנְטֶקְסְט m.n. FW context. [L. contextus (= a joining together), from contextus, p. part. of contexere (= to weave, join together, interweave, unite), from con– (see קוֹנֽ◌) and texere (= to weave). See טֶקֽסֽט.]

קוֹנְטָר m.n. FW kantar (288 kg). [Arab. qanṭar, from L. centēnārius, relating to a hundred, from centēnī (= a hundred each), from centum (= one hundred). See ‘hundred’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנְטְר◌ pref. FW contre-. [Fren. contre-, from L. contrā (= against, facing, opposite, contrary to, opposed to), properly ablative f. singular of * comtro, which was formed from Old L. com (= with, together with), and – tr, zero degree of – ter–, which appears in L. alter (= the other of two). Contrā orig. denoted the being together of two things compared with each other. For the first element see קוֹמְ◌. For the second see ‘-ther’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנְטְרַבַּנְדָּה f.n. FW contraband. [Fren. contrebande, from earlier It. contrabando (now spelled contrabbando), from L. contrā; see קוֹנְטְר◌ and It. bando (= proclamation).]

קוּנְטְרֵס m.n. PBH 1 booklet. MH 2 commentary (specif., name of Rashi’s commentary on the Talmud). [L. commentārius (= notebook, sketch, commentary; short for liber commentārius, properly an adj. meaning ‘pertaining to a commentum’, from commentum (= invention, fabrication, fiction), properly neuter of p. part. commentus used as a noun, from commīniscor (= I devise, invent, contrive, fabricate), which stands for * com-menīscor and lit. means ‘I ponder’, from com– (see קוֹמְ◌), and mēns (= mind). See מֶנֽטָלִי.

קוֹנְטְרַסְט m.n. FW contrast. [Fren. contraste, from It. contrasto, from contrastare, from VL * contrāstāre (= to oppose), from L. contrā stāre (= to stand against), from contrā (see קוֹנְטְר◌) and stāre. See סְטָטִי.]

קוֹנְטְרַפּוּנְקְט m.n. FW counterpoint (in music). [From Med. L. cantus contrāpūnctus, from the term pūnctus contrā pūnctum (= note against note; lit.: ‘point against point’). The former practice was to write the notes for the accompanying voice against (i.e. over or under) the notes for the first voice. For the first element see קוֹנֽטְר◌. L. pūnctus (= that which is pricked, puncture, point), is p. part. of pungere (= to pierce, sting, bite), from a nasalized form of IE base * peug– (= to stick, stab), whence L. pūgnus (= fist), pūgnāre (= to fight).]

קוֹנִי adj. FW conic. [Formed from קוֹנוּס with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹנְיָאק m.n. FW cognac. [Fren. cognac, properly brandy made from wine produced at Cognac Department of Charente, in France.]

קוֹנְיָה f.n. PBH glaze. [From Gk. konia (= dust, ashes), from konis (= dust), which is cogn. with L. cinis (= ashes).]

קוֹנְיוּנְקְטוּרָה f.n. FW prosperity, boom, bonanza. [From L. conjūnctus, p. part. of conjungere (= to join together), from con– (see קוֹנֽ◌) and jungere (= to join, unite). See זוּג. For the ending of קוֹנְיוּנֽקְטוּרָה see suff. ‘–ure’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנְכִיָּה, קוֹנְכִית f.n. NH shell (of a snail). [L. concha, from Gk. konche (= mussel, shell). cp. ‘conch’ and ‘congius’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנָם m.n. PBH a kind of oath used in the sense ‘may it be forbidden!’ or ‘I swear that’ (e.g. קוֹנָם שֶׁאֵינִי יָשֵׁן, שֶׁאֵינִי מְדַבֵּר, ‘I swear that I will not sleep’, or ‘that I will not speak’). [Together with Aram. קִינוּמָא of Phoen. origin, as shown by the word קִינמו, occurring in the inscription of Eshmunezer II, king of Sidon.]

קוֹנְסוּל m.n. FW consul. [L. cōnsul (= either of the two chief magistrates of the Roman state). This word prob. meant orig. ‘convener, convoker’, and is related to cōnsulere (= to take counsel, deliberate). See קוֹנְסוּלֽטַצְיָה and cp. ‘consul’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנְסוּלְטַצְיָה f.n. FW consultation. [L. cōnsultātiō, from cōnsultātus, p. part. of cōnsultāre (= to take the advice of, consult; to consider maturely, weigh, ponder). See קוֹנְסוּל. See also ‘consult’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of קוֹנֽסוּלְטַצְיָה see suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוֹנְסוּלְיָה f.n. FW consulate. [Formed from קוֹנֽסוּל with suff. ◌יָה.]

קוֹנְסוּלָרִי adj. FW consular. [L. cōnsulāris, from cōnsul. See קוֹנסוּל. For L. suff. – āris see adj. suff. ‘–ar’ in my CEDEL, for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹנְסוֹנַנְט m.n. FW consonant. [Fren. consonant, from L. consīnāns, pres. part. of cōnsonāre (= to sound together or at the same time), from con– (see קוֹנְ◌) and sonāre (= to sound). See סוֹנֶטָה and cp. קוֹנְסוֹנַנְס.]

קוֹנְסוֹנַנְס m.n. FW consonance. [Fren. consonance, from L. cōnsonantia (= agreement, harmony), from cōnsonāns. See קוֹנְסוֹנַנְט.]

קוֹנְסוֹרְצְיוֹן m.n. FW consortium. [L. cōnsortium (= fellowship), from cōnsors (= sharer, partner, comrade; lit.: ‘having the same lot’), from con- (see קוֹנְ◌) and sors (= lot, condition), which stands in gradational relationship to serere (= to join, connect); lots were called sortēs because they used to be strung or threaded. See סֶרְיָה.]

קוֹנְסְטִיטוּצֽיָה f.n. FW constitution. [Fren. constitution, from L. cōnstitūtiō (= constitution, disposition, nature), from cōnstitūtus, p. part. of cōnstituere (= to cause to stand, set, put, place, set up, erect, establish, bring about, appoint, constitute), from con– (see קוֹנֽ◌) and statuere (= to cause to stand, place, set up). See סְטָטוּט and suff. ◌יָה.]

קוֹנְסְטִיטוּצְיוֹנִי adj. FW constitutional. [Formed from קוֹנֽסְטִיטוּצֽיָה with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

קוֹנְסְטֶלַּצְיָה f.n. FW constellation. [Late L. cōnstēllātiō (= a collection of stars), from cōnstēllātus (= starred, studded with stars), from con– (see קוֹנֽ◌) and stēllātus (= starred), p. part. of stēllāre (= to set with stars), from stēlla (= star), which stands for * ster-la and is cogn. with Gk. aster, asteron (= star). See אַסֽטֶרוֹאִיד and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוֹנֽסְטְרוּקְטִיבִי adj. FW constructive. [Med. L. cōnstructīvus, from L. cōnstructus, p. part. cōnstruere. See קוֹנֽסְטְרוּקְצְיָה. For the L. ending – īvus see suff. ‘–ive’ in my CEDEL, for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קוֹנְסֽטֽרוּקְטִיבִיזֽם.

קוֹנְסְטְרוּקְטִיבִיזְם m.n. FW constructivism. [Formed from קוֹנְסֽטְרוּקְטִיבִי with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

קוֹנְסְטְרוּקְצְיָה f.n. FW construction. [L. constructiō (= a joining together), from cōnstructus, p. part. of cōnstruere (= to heap or pile together, make by piling up, make fabricate, join together), from con– (see קוֹנֽ◌) and struere (= to pile up, build, construct). See סְטֽרוּקְטוּרָה.]

קוֹנְסִיגְנַצְיָה f.n. FW consignation. [L. cōnsignātiō (= a written proof, document), from cōnsignātus, p. part. of cōnsignāre (= to mark with a seal, subscribe, attest, certify), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and signāre (= to set a mark upon, mark), from signum (= mark). See סִגְנוֹן and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

קוֹנְסִילְיוּם m.n. FW medical consultation. [L. cōnsilium (= deliberative assembly; consultation, deliberation, plan, design, advice, counsel), which is prob. related to cōnsulere (= to take counsel, deliberate). See קוֹנְסוּל.]

קוֹנְסְפִּירַצְיָה f.n. FW conspiracy. [From L. cōnspīrātus, p. part. of cōnspīrāre (= to breathe together, agree, act in concert, plot together), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and spīrāre (= to breathe, blow). See סְפִּירְט and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קוֹנְסְפֶּקְט m.n. FW conspectus. [L. cōnspectus (= a looking at, sight, view), from cōnspectus, p. part. of cōnspicere (= to look at attentively, get sight of), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and specere, spicere (= to look at). See סְפֶּצְיָאלִי.]

קוֹנְסֶקְוֶנְטִי adj. FW consequential. [L. cōnsequens, pres. part. of cōnsequī (= to follow up, go after, attend), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and sequī (= to follow). See סֶקוּנְדָּה and suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹנְסֶרְוָטוֹרְיוֹן m.n. FW conservatory. [Fren. conservatoire, from It. conservatorio, orig. orphanage (the first It. musical schools were orphanages), from Med. L. cōnservātōrium (= a place for preserving), from L. cōnservāre (= to preserve). See קוֹנֽסֶרְוִים.]

קוֹנְסֶרְוָטִיבִי adj. FW conservative. [Eng. conservative, from Fren. conservatif, from L. cōnservātus, p. part. of cōnservāre. See קוֹנְסֶרֽוִים.] Derivative: קוֹנְסֶרֽוָטִיבִיּוּת.

קוֹנְסֶרְוָטִיבִיּוּת f.n. MH conservatism, conservativeness. [Formed from קוֹנְסֶרְוָטִיבִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קוֹנְסֶרְוִים m.n. pl. FW [Fren. conserve (= preserved fruit), from conserver (= to preserve, keep, maintain), from L. cōnservāre (= to save, keep, maintain, preserve, protect), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and servāre (= to save, deliver, preserve, protect), which is cogn. with Avestic haraiti, haurvaiti (= takes care of, protects), haurva (= protecting). See הֵרוֹאִי and cp. רֶזֶרְבָה.]

קוּנְעָה f.n. PBH wife. [Prob. related to Arab. qāni‘a (= satisfied, content), whence in a figurative sense ‘a wife satisfied with her husband’.]

קוֹנְפֶדֶרַצְיָה f.n. FW confederation. [Late L. cōnfederātiō, from L. cōnfederātus, p. part. of cōnfoederāre (= to join by a league), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and foederāre (= to establish by a league), from foedus (= league, treaty, covenant), which stands in gradational form to fīdere (= to trust), fidēlis (= true, faithful, sincere). See ‘fidelity’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנְפוֹרְמִי adj. FW conformist. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי, from L. cōnformāre (= to form, fashion or shape symmetrically), from cōn– (see קוֹנְ◌) and formāre (= to form, fashion, shape), from forma. See פוֹרְמָה.]

קוֹנְפְלִיקְט m.n. FW conflict. [L. cōnflīctus, p. part. of cōnflīgere (= to strike against, strike together, contend, fight), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and fligere (= to strike).]

קוֹנְפֶקְצְיָה f.n. FW ready-made clothing. [Fren. confection, from L. cōnfectiō, from cōnfectus, p. part. of cōnficere (= to make up together, prepare, accomplish), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and facere (= to make, do). See פַקְט and suff. ◌ְיָה.]

קוֹנְפֶרַנְסְיֶה m.n. FW conférencier. [Fren. conférencier, from conférence, from L. cōnferentia, from cōnferēns, pres. part. of cōnferre (= to bring together, collect, bestow upon, give, consult), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and ferre (= to bear, carry). See טְרַנְסְפֶר.]

קוּנְץ m.n. FW extraordinary deed, something remarkable, a great thing. [Yiddish, from Ger. Kunststück (= artistic work).]

קוֹנְצֶנְטֶר m.n. FW concenter. [From Fren. cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and L. centrum (= center). See צֶנְטְרָלִיזְם.] Derivative: קוֹנְצֶנְטְרִי.

קוֹנְצֶנְטְרִי adj. FW concentric(al). [Formed from קוֹנְצֶנֽטֶר with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹנְצֶסְיָה f.n. FW concession. [L. concessiō (= an allowing, conceding), from concessus, p. part. of concedere (= to go away, give way, yield, submit), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and cēdere (= to go away, yield, withdraw), which prob. stands for * cezdere, from the demonstrative particle ce- and IE base * sed- (= to go). See ‘sedentary’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹנְצֶפְּצְיָה f.n. FW conception. [L. conceptiō (= a comprehending, conception), from conceptus, p. part. of concipere (= to take hold of, take, conceive, understand), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and capere (= to catch, seize, take hold of, take, receive, hold, contain). For the ending of קוֹנְצֶפְּצְיָה see suff. ◌ְיָה.]

קוֹנְצֶרְט m.n. FW concert. [Fren. concert, from It. concerto. Most lexicographers derive this word from L. concertāre (= to dispute, contend). This etymology cannot be accepted because of the great discrepancy in meaning. The origin of It. concerto and concertare must be sought in another Latin word. It. concertare, prob. comes from L. concentāre (= to sing together), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and cantāre (= to sing). For the change of nt and rt, which is due to dissimilation. cp. L. carmen (= song), dissimilated from canmen, from canere (= to sing). See קַנְטָטָה and cp. קוֹנְצֶרְטִינָה.]

קוֹנְצֶרְטִינָה f.n. FW concertina. [It. concertina, name of a small musical instrument, coined from concerto (see קוֹנְצֶרְט) and dimin. suff. ‘-ina’.]

קוֹנְצֶרְן m.n. FW concern. [Eng. concern (n.), from concern (v.), from Fren. concerner, from Med. L. concernere (= to have regard to), from Late L. concernere (= to mix together in, or as in, a sieve), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and L. cernere (= to sift, distinguish, discern, understand, decide), which is related to certus (= determined, resolved, sure, certain). See קֽרִיטִי.]

קוֹנְקוֹרְדָּט m.n. FW concordat. [Fren. concordat, from L. concordāre (= to be of the same mind), from concors (= of the same mind), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and cors (= heart), which is cogn. with Gk. kardia (= heart). See קוֹרְדְּיָקוֹס and cp. קוֹנְקוֹרְדַּנְצְיָה.]

קוֹנְקוֹרְדַּנְצְיָה f.n. FW concordance. [Late L. concordantia (= agreement, harmony), from L. concordāns, pres. part. of concordāre. See קוֹנְקוֹרְדָּט and suff. ◌יָה.]

קוֹנְקוּרֶנְצְיָה f.n. FW competition. [Med. L. concurrentia (= lit.: ‘a running together’), from L. concurrēns, pres. part. of concurrere (= to run together), from cōn– (= fee) and currere (= to run). See קוּרְס and suff. ◌יָה and cp. קוֹנְקוּרֽס.]

קוֹנְקוּרְס m.n. FW competition. [Fren. concours, from L. concursus (= a running together, concourse, assembly), from concurs-(um), p. part. stem of concurrere. See קוֹסִינוּס.]

קוֹנְקְרֶטִי adj. FW concrete. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from L. concrētus (= grown together), from cōn- (see קוֹנְ◌) and crēscere (= to grow). See קְרֶשֶׁנֽדוֹ.] Derivative: קוֹנְקְרֶטִיּוּת.

קוֹסִינוּס m.n. FW cosine (trigonometry). [From co. sinus, abbreviation of Modern L. complēmentī sinus (= the sine of the complement). This name and its abbreviation into co. sinus were first used by Edmund Gunter, a mathematician of the early 17th century. See קוֹמְפְּלֶט and סִינוּס and cp. קוֹטַנְגֶּנְס.]

קוֹסֵם m.n. magician, wizard. [Subst. use of the act. part. of קָסַם. See קסם.]

קוֹסְמוֹ◌ FW (combining form) cosmo–. [Gk. kosmo, from kosmos (= the world). See קוֹסְמוֹס.]

קוֹסְמוֹגוֹנְיָה f.n. FW cosmogony. [Gk. kosmogonia (whence also Fren. cosmogonie), compounded of kosmo– (see קוֹסֽמוֹ◌) and gonos (= race, offspring), which derives from IE base gen– (= to beget, produce). See גֶּן.]

קוֹסְמוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW cosmographic(al). [Back formation from קוֹסְמוֹגְרַפְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹסְמוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW cosmography. [Gk. kosmographia (= description of the world), compounded of kosmos (see קוֹסְמוֹ◌) and graphia, from graphein (= to write); see ◌גְרַפְיָה.] Derivative: קוֹסְמוֹגְרַפִי.

קוֹסְמוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW cosmology. [Compounded of קוֹסְמוֹ◌ and ◌לוֹגְיָה.]

קוֹסְמוֹנָאוּט m.n. FW cosmonaut. [Compounded of קוֹסֽמוֹ◌ and Gk. nautes (= ship). See נַוָּט.]

קוֹסְמוֹס m.n. FW cosmos. [Gk. kosmos (= order, ornament, decoration, set form; world, universe), which is of uncertain origin. cp. קוֹסְמֶטִיקָה.]

קוֹסְמוֹפּוֹלִיט m.n. FW cosmopolite. [Gk. kosmopolites (= citizen of the world), compounded of kosmo (see קוֹסְמוֹ◌) and polites (= citizen), which derives from polis. See פּוֹלִיטִיקָה. The word kosmopolites was first used by Philo Judaeus (late first century B.C.E. and early first century C.E.).] Derivative: קוֹסְמוֹפּוֹלִיטִי.

קוֹסְמוֹפּוֹלִיטִי adj. FW cosmopolitan, cosmopolite. [Formed from קוֹסְמוֹפּוֹלִיט with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קוֹסְמוֹפּוֹלִיטִיּוּת.

קוֹסְמוֹפּוֹלִיטִיּוּת f.n. FW cosmopolitanism. [Formed from קוֹסֽמוֹפּוֹלִיטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קוֹסְמֶטוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW cosmetology. [Compounded of Gk. kosmetos (= well-ordered) and logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

קוֹסְמֶטִי adj. FW cosmetic. [Gk. kosmetikos (= skilled in arranging), from kosmetos (= well-ordered), verbal adj. of kosmai (= to order, arrange, adorn), from kosmos. See קוֹסְמוֹס and suff. ◌ִי.]

קוֹסְמֶטִיקָה f.n. FW cosmetics. [From Gk. kosmetike. See קוֹסְמֶטִי.]

קוֹסְמִי adj. FW cosmetic. [Back formation from Gk. kosmos. See קוֹסְמוֹס and suff. ◌ִי.]

קוּסְקוּס m.n. FW couscous. [Fren., from Arab. kúskus, from káskasa (= he pounded), which is related to Heb. קִסֽקֵס (of s.m.). These verbs are prob. Pilpel forms of Arab. kássa, resp. Heb. קָסַס (= he chewed). cp. Akka. kasāsu (= to cut small), kissatu (= fodder).]

קֽוֹעֵ m.n. MH nobleman, prince. [Prob. from קוֹעַ, occurring Ezek. 23:23, where it is mentioned together with the פְּקוֹד and שׁוֹעַ (q.v.). According to some scholars these two names correspond to Akka. Quṭū, resp. Sutū. Rashi and many other commentators see in קוֹעַ a common noun meaning ‘officers’ or ‘princes’. Similarly they explain פּֽקוֹד as related to פָּקִיד (= officer), and identify שׁוֹעַ with שׁוֹעַ Is. 32:5 and Job 34:19, where its meaning is ‘noble’.]

קוֹף ᴵ m.n. ape, monkey (in the Bible occurring only Kin. I 10:23 and Chron. II 9:21). [Together with Aram. קוֹפָא, Syr. קוּפָא, and Akka. ukupu, prob. borrowed ultimately from Old I. kapiḥ, whence also Egypt. gf, gyf (= long-tailed monkey), Gk. kebos, kepos (= ape, monkey).] Derivatives: קוֹפוֹן, קוֹפִי, קוֹפִיף.

קוֹף ᴵᴵ, קוּף ᴵ f.n. PBH (pl. קוֹפִין or קוּפִין) , ‘koph’, or ‘kuph’ — name of the nineteenth letter of the Heb. alphabet. [Means lit. ‘eye of a needle’; so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter. Gk. kappa, a letter of the Greek alphabet, derives from an Aramaized form of קוֹף.]

קוּף ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH eye of a needle. [From Aram. קוּפָא, which is of uncertain origin.]

קוף base of תְּקוּפָה (= circuit, revolution), and prob. means ‘to go round’. [Related to base נקף ᴵᴵ.]

קוֹפוֹן m.n. NH a little monkey. [Formed from קוֹף with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

קוֹפִי adj. NH monkeyish, apish. [Formed from קוֹף ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קוּפִּידוֹן PN FW Cupid. [L. Cupīdō, personification of cupīdō (= desire, love), from cupiō, cupere (= to desire), which is prob. cogn. with Old I. kúpyati (= bubbles up, becomes agitated), and with Gk. kapnos (= smoke, vapor).]

קוֹפִיף m.n. NH a little monkey. [Dimin. formed from קוֹף ᴵ.]

קוֹפִיץ m.n. PBH hatchet, chopper. [From Gk. kopis (= chopper, cleaver, bill-hook), which is related to koptein (= to strike, cut, cut off). See סִינְקוֹפָּה.] Derivative: קפץ ᴵᴵᴵ.

קוֹפָל m.n. (pl. קוֹפָלִים, also קוֹפְלָאוֹת) PBH 1 bolt, chain. NH 2 padlock. [Related to Aram. קוּפְלָא (= chain), Arab. qufl (= bar for fastening doors).]

קוּפְסָה see קֻפֽסָה.

קוֹפְּרָה f.n. FW copra. [Portuguese copra, from Malayalam koppara, from Hindustani khoprā, which is related to Hindustani khoprī and khappar (= skull). These words derive from Old I. kharparaḥ (= skull).]

קוץ ᴵ to loathe, abhor, feel a sickening dread.
    — Qal - קָץ he loathed, felt a sickening dread, abhorred.
    — Hiph. - הֵקִיץ he caused a sickening dread (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 7:6 in the form נְקִיצָנָּה, ‘let us cause her sickening dread’). [Related to קוט, and prob. to JAram. קֽנַט (= he loathed, abhorred), Syr. קְנַט (= he feared), Arab. qanuṭa (= he despaired). cp. שׁקץ (= to detest), which is prob. Shaph‘el of קוץ.] Derivatives: קִיצָה ᴵ, תּֽקוּצָה.

קוץ ᴵᴵ to wake up.
    — Qal - קָץ he woke up.
    — Hiph. - הֵקִיץ 1 he woke up; MH 2 he awakened, aroused. [A secondary form of יקץ; mostly used in the Hiph‘il.] Derivatives: קַיִץ ᴵᴵ, קִיצָה ᴵᴵ, הֲקָצָה.

קוץ ᴵᴵᴵ to put thorns (in somebody’s path).
    — Qal - קָוַץ he put thorns (in somebody’s path).
    — Pi. - קִוֵּץ he removed thorns, cleared of thorns (for the privative meaning see סקל, סִקֵּל).
    — Nith. - נִתְקַוֵּץ was cleared of thorns. [Denominated from קוֹץ.] Derivatives: קָווּץ, קִוּוּץ.

קוץ ᴵⱽ to shrink, shrivel, contract.
    — Pi. - קִוֵּץ he shrank, shriveled.
    — Niph. - נִקְוַץ he shrank, shriveled.
    — Nith. - נִתֽקַוֵּץ (of s.m.). [A secondary form of כוץ.]

קוֹץ m.n. 1 thorn, thornbush. PBH 2 apex. PBH 3 tip of a letter, jot. [Related to Akka. kuṣṣu (= thorns).] Derivatives: קַוָּץ, קוֹצָה ᴵ, קוֹצָה ᴵᴵ, קוֹצִי, קוֹצָן, קוֹצָנִי, מְקֻוָּץ.

קַוָּץ m.n. PBH clearer of thorns. [Nomen opificis formed from קוֹץ.]

קִוֵּץ adj. PBH curled. [Back formation from קְוֻצָּה.]

קוֹצֵב m.n. NH 1 determinant. 2 pacer. [Subst. use of the act. part. of קָצַב; see קצב.]

קוֹצָה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 thorn. 2 jot, iota. [A secondary form of קוֹץ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קוֹצָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH madder. [Lit.: ‘thorny plant’, hence derivatively identical with קוֹצָה ᴵ.]

קְוֻצָּה f.n. lock, curl (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 5:2 and 11). [Related to Syr. קוֹצְתָא, Arab. quṣṣa (of s.m.). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קוֹצִי adj. MH thorny, prickly. [Formed from קוֹץ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קוֹצִיּוּת.

קוֹצִיּוּת f.n. NH thorniness, prickliness. [Formed from קוֹצִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קוֹצִיץ m.n. NH acanthus (botany). [Formed from קוֹץ through reduplication of the צ, hence properly loan translation of Gk. akanthos, which is related to akanta (= thorn).]

קוֹצָן m.n. NH Cirsium (a genus of plants of the thistle family). [Formed from קוֹץ with suff. ◌ָן.]

קוֹצָנִי adj. NH thorny, prickly. [Formed from קוֹץ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

קוֹצֵץ adj. MH cutting. [Act. part. of קָצַץ, Qal of קצץ.]

קוֹצֵר m.n. reaper, harvester. [Act. part. of קָצַר, Qal of קצר ᴵ.]

קוֹקָא m.n. FW coca (a South American plant). [Sp. coca, from Peruvian coca. cp. קוֹקָאִין.]

קוֹקָאִין m.n. FW cocaine, cocain. [A hybrid coined by Niemann in 1859 from coca (see קוֹקָא) and chemical suff. – ine or – in, which is of L. origin.]

קוקד to draw a line of dots and dashes.
    — Pi. - קִוְקֵד he drew a line of dots and dashes.
    — Pu. - קֻוְקַד was lined with dots and dashes. [Coined from קַו (= line), and נְקֻדָּה (= dot).] Derivative: קִוֽקוּד.

קַוְקַו m.n. PBH croaking. [Of imitative origin.]

קוקו to mark with lines, line, hatch.
    — Pilp. - קִוְקֵו he marked with lines, lined, hatched.
    — Pulp. - קֻוְקַו was marked with lines, was lined, was hatched. [Formed through reduplication of קַו (= line).] Derivatives: קִוְקוּו, מְקֻוְקָו.

קִוְקוּד m.n. NH lining with dots and dashes. [Verbal n. of קוקד.]

קִוְקוּו m.n. NH marking with lines, hatching. [Verbal n. of קִוְקֵו. See קוקו.]

קוֹקוֹס m.n. FW cocoa, coconut. [From Portuguese coca (= grimace), so called from the monkey-like face at the base of the nut.]

קַוְקָזִי adj. & m.n. NH Caucasian. [From L. Caucasus, from Gk. Kaukasis, from Scythian Krou-kasis, a compound meaning lit. ‘(the mountain) shining with ice’. The first element of this compound is a derivative of IE base * qreu– (= to be icy).]

קוֹקֶטִי adj. FW coquettish. [Fren. coquet (= lit.: ‘a little cock’), dimin. of coq (= cock).]

קוֹקְטֵיל m.n. FW cocktail. [Eng. cocktail, prob. formed from cock and tail, perhaps an anglicization of Fren. couquetel — a mixed drink which was used in Bordeaux.]

קוּקִיָּה f.n. NH cuckoo; [Imitative of its cry. cp. Old I. kōkiláḥ (= the Indian cuckoo), kṓkaḥ (= goose), Gk. kokkux, L. cucūlus (= cuckoo), etc., which all are of imitative origin. cp. also Aram. קוּקְיָתָא, name of an unidentified bird.]

קוֹקְס m.n. FW coke. [Eng. coke, from Middle Eng. colke (= a core), which stands in gradational relationship to kelkes (= spawn), and is cogn. with Gk. gelgis (= clove of garlic).]

קְוֵקֶר m.n. FW Quaker. [Eng. Quaker, name of a member of the religious sect calling themselves the Society of Friends, founded by George Fox in 1648–50; so called by Justice Bennet in 1650, who was warned by Fox ‘to quake at the word of the Lord’. The word Quaker is the agent noun of the v. quake, from quaken, from cwacian, which is prob. of imitative origin.]

קור to dig.
    — Qal - קָר he dug (for water) (in the Bible occurring only Kin. II 19:24, Is. 37:25).
    — Hiph. - הֵקִיר he cleaved, split. [Related to Ugar. qr mym (= spring, source, well), Arab. qāra (= he cut a round hole), waqr (= cavity, hollow), OSArab. וקר (= he cleaved, split).] Derivative: מָקוֹר.

קוּר m.n. 1 thread (in the Bible occurring only Is. 59:5 and 6). NH 2 flimsy structure. NH 3 hypha (threadlike element in the fungus). [Related to Arab. qaur (= kind of a rope), qāra, taqawwara (= it coiled; said of a serpent).]

קוֹר ᴵ see קֹר.

קוֹר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH palm sprout. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קוּרָא (of s.m.). These words prob. derive from base קרר (= to be cold, to refresh).]

קוֹרְ◌ pref. FW cor-. [Assimilated form of ‘com–’ (see קוֹמְ◌) before r.]

קוֹרֵא ᴵ m.n. reader. [Subst. use of the act. part. of קָרָא. See קרא ᴵ.]

קוֹרֵא ᴵᴵ m.n. a kind of a partridge (in the Bible occurring only Sam. I 26:20 and Jer. 17:11). [Prob. lit. meaning ‘caller’, in allusion to the male bird’s call during the treading season; hence properly identical with קוֹרֵא ᴵ.]

קוּרְאָן m.n. NH (also spelt קֻרֽאָן) the Koran. [Arab. qur’ān (= lit.: ‘reading’), from qara’a (= he read), which is related to Heb. קָרָא (of s.m.); see קרא ᴵ.]

קוּרְבָה see קֻרְבָה.

קוֹרְבֶטָּה f.n. FW corvette. [From Fren. corvette, dimin. formed from corve (a word occurring only in a text of the year 1700), which was prob. borrowed from Ger. korf (= basket; a kind of ship), which is prob. a loan word from L. corbis (= basket), orig. meaning ‘something twisted or plaited’ from IE base * (s)qereb(h) (= to twist, curve, contract, shrink). cp. ‘corf’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹרְדּוּרוֹי m.n. FW corduroy. [Eng. corduroy, perhaps derived from Fren. corde du roi (= the king’s cord). See ‘cord’ and ‘royal’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹרְדְּיָקוֹס m.n. PBH heart disease. [From Gk. kardiakos (= suffering from heart disease), from kardia (= heart), which is related to poetical ker (of s.m.) and cogn. with L. cor. cp. ‘cardiac’, ‘cordate’, and ‘heart’ in my CEDEL. cp. also אַקּוֹרֽד, קוֹנֽקוֹרֽדָט, רֶקוֹרֽד, and the first element in קַרֽדֽיוֹגְרַמָה.]

קוֹרְדֵּיק, קוֹרְדָּק m.n. (pl. קוֹרֽדֵּיקִין, קוֹרְדָּקִין) PBH 1 low shoe. NH 2 overshoe, rubber shoe. [From Gk. kordax (= a dance of the old Comedy), which is a Doric word of uncertain etymology.]

קוֹרָה ᴵ f.n. ceiling. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קָרִיתָא, Arab. qarriyya (= beam).] Derivative: קרה ᴵᴵ.

קוֹרָה ᴵᴵ see קוֹרוֹת.

קוֹרוֹסְיָה f.n. FW corrosion. [L. corrōsiō (= a gnawing to pieces), from corrōsus, p. part. of corrōdere (= to gnaw to pieces), from com– (see קוֹמֽ◌) and rōdere (= to gnaw), which stands in gradational relationship to rādere (= to scrape), and is cogn. with Old I. rádati (= scrapes, gnaws), radanaḥ (= tooth). See ‘rase’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘rodent’ ibid.]

קוֹרוּפְּצְיָה f.n. FW corruption. [L. corruptiō (= a corrupting, spoiling), from corruptus, p. part. of corrumpere (= to destroy, ruin, corrupt), from com- (see קוֹמְ◌) and rumpere (= to break, burst, tear, rend). See ‘reave’ in my CEDEL and cp. rupture ibid.]

קוֹרוֹת f.n. pl. 1 happenings, events. 2 history. [f. pl. of קוֹרֶה, act. part. of קָרָה. See קרה ᴵ.]

קְוַרְטָה f.n. FW fourth (music). [L. quārta (= fourth), f. of quārtus, which is prob. dissimilated from * qtur-tos, from quattuor (= four). See קֽוַדְרַנֽט and cp. קְוַרְטוֹ and קְוַרֽטֶט.]

קְוַרְטוֹ m.n. FW quarto. [From L. in quārtō (= in one fourth of the original size), ablative of quartus (= fourth). See קְוַרְטָה.]

קוּרָטוֹר m.n. FW curator. [L. cūrātor (= manager, overseer, superintendent; guardian; lit.: ‘one who has the care of’), from cūrātus, p. part. of cūrāre (= to care for), from cūra (= care, solicitude, concern), from coira, which is of uncertain origin. For the ending of L. cūrātor see suff. ‘-ator’ in my CEDEL. cp. קוּרָטוֹרְיוֹן. cp. also קוּרְיוֹן.]

קוּרָטוֹרְיוֹן m.n. FW board of governors. [From L. curātōrius (= pertaining to guardianship), from cūrātor. See קוּרָטוֹר and suff. ◌וֹן.]

קְוַרְטֶט m.n. FW quartet. [Fren. quartette, from It. quartetto, dimin. of quarto (= the fourth; the fourth part), from L. quartus. See קְוַרְטָה.]

קוֹרְטִיזוֹן m.n. FW cortisone (biochemistry). [Eng. cortisone, coined by Edward C. Kendall, its discoverer, and Philip S. Hench, of the Mayo Clinic, in 1936, through the abbreviation of corticosterone, which was coined from L. cortex (= bark), and sterone, a word formed from sterol, back formation from cholesterol (see כּוֹלֶסְטֶרוֹל) and suff. - one. See suff. ‘-one’ in my CEDEL.]

קוּרְטָם m.n. PBH Carthamus (a genus of plants). [Aram. קֻרְטֽמָא, whence Arab. qirṭim, qurṭum (= safflower; lit.: ‘that which is lopped’), from Heb. קִרְטֵם (= he lopped); see קרטם. Modern L. Carthamus is borrowed from qorṭom, qarṭam, vulgar pronunciation of qirṭim, qurṭum.]

קוּרְיוֹז m.n. FW something curious, curiosity. [From L. cūriōsus (= careful, diligent, thoughtful, inquisite, curious), from cūra. See קוּרָטוֹר. For the ending of קוּרְיוֹז see suff. ‘-olis’ in my CEDEL. cp. also קוּרְיוֹזִי.]

קוּרְיוֹזִי adj. FW curious. [From L. cūriōsus. See קוּרְיוֹז and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קוּרְיוֹזִיּוּת.

קוּרְיוֹזִיּוּת f.n. FW curiosity. [Formed from קוּרְיוֹזִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קוֹרִינְתִּי adj. Corinthian. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from Gk. Korinthos (= Corinth).]

קוֹרָל m.n. FW coral. [From Gk. korallion (= coral), which was prob. formed with the dimin. suff. – ion, from Heb. גּוֹרָל in its orig. sense, ‘a small stone, pebble’, whence ‘a small stone’ for casting lots; lot. See גּוֹרָל.]

קוֹרֶלַצְיָה f.n. FW correlation. [Modern L. correlātiō, formed from cor- (see קוֹר◌) and relātiō (= a carrying back, returning; report, narration, reference, relation), from relātus, used as p. part. of referre (= to bring back, return, report). See רֶלָטִיבִי and suff. ◌יָה.]

קוֹרְמוֹרָן m.n. FW cormorant. [Fren. cormoran, from cormaran, from earlier L. mare (= sea), and Teutonic suff. - enc.]

קוֹרֵן NH 1 beaming, radiant, radiating. 2 radiator. [Act. part. of קָרַן, Qal of קרן.]

קוֹרָנִית f.n. PBH Thymus (a genus of plants). [Related to Aram.-Syr. קוּרְנִיתָא, Akka. qurnū.]

קוֹרְנִית f.n. NH cornet (music). [Fren. cornet (= a small horn, trumpet), dimin. of cornū (= horn), from L. cornū (= horn), from IE base ƙer- (= the uppermost part of the body).]

קוּרְנָס m.n. PBH smith’s hammer, mallet. [Gk. koryne (= club, mace), related to korys (= helmet), korymbos (= uppermost point, cluster of flowers), koryphe (= head, top, summit, the highest point). cp. ‘corymb’ and ‘corypheus’ in my CEDEL.]

קוּרְס m.n. FW course. [L. cursus (= a running, course), from L. curs-(um), p. part. of currere (= to run). cp. ‘current’ (adj.) in my CEDEL. cp. also קוּרֽסִיב, קוֹנְקוּרֶנֽצְיָה.]

קוּרְסִיב m.n. FW cursive print, italics. [From Med. L. cursīvus (= running), from L. curs-(um), p. part. of currere (= to run). See קוּרֽס. For the ending of cursīvus see suff. ‘–ive’ in my CEDEL.]

קוֹרֶסְפּוֹנְדֶּנְט m.n. FW correspondent. [L. correspondēns, pres. part. of correspondēre, from cor– (see קוֹר◌) and respondēre (= to promise in return, offer or present in return; to answer, reply), from re– (see רֶ◌) and spondēre (= to promise). cp. ‘sponsion’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to. For the ending in L. correspondēns see suff. ‘–ent’ in my CEDEL. cp. also קוֹרֶסֽפּוֹנְדֶנֽצְיָה.]

קוֹרֶסְפּוֹנְדֶּנְצְיָה f.n. FW correspondence. [Late Middle English correspondence, from Med. L. correspondentia, from correspondēns. See קוֹרֶסְפּוֹנְדֶּנְט and suff. ◌יָה.]

קוֹרְפּוּס m.n. FW corpus. [L. corpus (= body), prob. cogn. with Old I. kŕp– (= form, beauty), from IE base * qrep–, *qrp–, enlargement of * qer (= to make, form). cp. קוֹרְפּוֹרַצֽיָה.]

קוֹרְפּוֹרָל m.n. FW corporal (military). [Earlier Fren. corporal, an alteration due to corpus (= body), of Fren. caporal, from It. caporale (= lit.: ‘chief’), which derives from capo (= head), from L. caput. See קַפִּיטָל.]

קוֹרְפּוֹרַצְיָה f.n. FW corporation. [Late L. corporātiō (= incorporation, incarnation), from corporātus, p. part. of corporāre (= to make into a body, incorporate, incarnate), from corpus (= body). See קוֹרְפּוּס and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קְוַרְצָה f.n. FW quartz. [Ger. Quarz, from kwardy, a Slavic dialectal equivalent of Polish twardy, an adjective meaning ‘hard’, used as a noun.]

קוֹרְצָנִי adj. NH winking. [Formed from קוֹרֵץ, act. part. of קָרַץ (see קרץ ᴵ), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

קוּרְקְבָן see קֻרֽקֽבָן.

קושׁ to lay snares.
    — Qal - קָשׁ he laid snares (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 29:21). [A secondary form of יקשׁ.]

קוֹשְׁט see קשְׁטְ.

קֽוֹשִׁי see קֹשִי.

קוּשְׁיָא, קוּשְׁיָה see קֻשֽׁיָה.

קוּשָׁן f.n. NH ‘kushan’ (certificate of registration of immovables). [Turkish.]

קוֹשֵׁר m.n. NH rebel, conspirator, plotter. [Subst. use of the act. part. of קָשַׁר, Qal of קשׁר.]

קָזֵאִין m.n. FW see קָזֵיאִין.

קִזָּה f.n. NH writing off, compensation. [From קזז.]

קָזוּאִיסְטִיקָה f.n. FW casuistry. [Fren. casuistique, from casuiste, from Sp. casuista (orig.: ‘an expounder of cases of conscience’), a hybrid coined from L. cāsus (= fall, occurrence), in its sense ‘case of conscience’, and - ista, a suff. of Greek origin. L. cāsus derives from cās-(um), p. part. of cadēre (= to fall, fall out, happen); see קָדֶנֽצָה. For the ending - ista see suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

קִזּוּז m.n. NH compensation, setoff. [Verbal n. of קִזֵּז. See קזז.]

קְזוּזָה f.n. NH clod of earth. [A secondary form of קוֹזָזָה.]

קזז to write off, compensate.
    — Pi. - קִזֵּז he wrote off, compensated.
    — Pu. - קֻזַּז was written off, was compensated.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַזֵּז was written off, was compensated. [Borrowed from Aram. קֽזַז (= he cut off), which is related to Heb. קָצַץ (of s.m.). See קצץ.] Derivatives: קִזָּה, קִזּוּז, קוֹזָזָה, קְזוּזָה, מְקֻזָּז.

קָזֵיאִין m.n. FW casein. [Formed with chemical suff. - in from L. cāseus (= cheese).]

קָזִינוֹ m.n. FW casino. [It. casino (= lit.: ‘a little house’), dimin. formed from casa (= house), from L. casa (= hut, cottage), which is of uncertain origin.]

קָח tr. v. (Ezek. 17:5) prob. meaning ‘he took’, and קָחָם (Hos. 11:3), prob. meaning ‘he took them’, are prob. shortened from לָקַח, resp. לְקָחָם (apheresis).

קַחְוָן m.n. NH Anthemis (a genus of plants; the camomile). [From Arab. qḥuwān (= Anthemis, camomile).]

קַחַת to take. [inf. of לָקַח. See לקח.]

קָט adj. small (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 16:47 in the phrase כִּמֽעַט קָט, ‘very soon’, ‘in a very little while’). [Of uncertain origin; according to ReDaK it is related to and identical in meaning, with Arab. qaṭ (= only). cp. the first element קַטֽנוֹעַ.]

קָטָ◌, קָט◌, קָת◌ (before consonants, resp. before vowels, resp. before aspirated vowels), pref. cata-, cat-, cath-. [Gk. kata-, kat-, kath-, from kata (= down from, down to, against; over, along; according to), which is cogn. with Hittite katta (= down, downward, at, with, under). cp. the first element in קָדַסְטֶר.]

קֶֽטֶב m.n. 1 destruction, pestilence. PBH 2 name of the demon of destruction. [Related to Aram. קְטַב (= he cut), Arab. qaṭaba (= he cut off), quṭba (= arrow).] Derivatives: קטב ᴵ, קָטֹב.

קְֹטֶב ᴵ m.n. destruction, pestilence (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 13:14). [A secondary form of קֶטֶב.]

קֹֽטֶב ᴵᴵ m.n. MH 1 axis, pole. 2 basis, foundation, principal theorem. [From Arab. quṭb (= axis, pole; pivot).] Derivatives: קטב ᴵᴵ, קָטֽבִּי.

קֹֽטֶב ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH oil press. [Of uncertain origin.]

קטב ᴵ to destroy.
    — Qal - קָטַב he destroyed. [Denominated from קֶטֶב ᴵ.]

קטב ᴵᴵ to polarize.
    — Pi. - קִטֵּב he polarized.
    — Pu. - קֻטַּב was polarized. [Denominated from קֹטֶב ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קִטּוּב, מְקֻטָּב.

קָטֹב adj. MH stricken with pestilence. [From קֶטֶב ᴵ.]

קָטְבִּי adj. NH polar. [Formed from קֹטֶב with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קָטְבִּיּוּת.

קָטְבִּיּוּת f.n. NH polarity, polarization. [Formed from קָטְבִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָטֵגוֹר m.n. PBH accuser, public prosecutor. [From Gk. kategoros (= accuser; lit.: ‘one who speaks against somebody before an assembly’), from kata (= against; see קָטָ◌), and the stem of agoreyein (= to harangue, assert; lit.: ‘to speak in the assembly’), from agora (= assembly). See אַגֽרוֹנוֹמוֹן and cp. קטרג.] Derivative: קָטֵגוֹרִי.

קָטֵגוֹרִי adj. NH categorical. [Formed from קָטֵגוֹר with suff. ◌ִי.]

קָטֵגוֹרְיָה f.n. PBH accusation, prosecution; category. [Gk. kategoria (= accusation, predication, category), from kategorein (= to accuse, signify, indicate, affirm, predicate), from kategoros. See קָטֵגוֹר and cp. סַנֵּגוֹרְיָה.]

קָטָה f.n. Pterocles (a genus of birds, sand grouse). [From Arab. qaṭan.]

קִטּוּב m.n. NH polarization. [Verbal n. of קִטֵּב, Pi. of קטב ᴵᴵ.]

קָטוּל adj. MH killed, slain. [Pass. part. of קָטַל, Qal of קטל. cp. קְטִילָא.]

קָטוּם ᴵ adj. PBH cut off, lopped off, truncated. [Pass. part. of קָטַם, Qal of קטם.]

קָטוּם ᴵᴵ adj. PBH covered with ashes. [Pass. part. קָטַם. See קטם ᴵᴵ.]

קְטוּמָה f.n. MH trapezium (geometry). [Subst. use of the f. pass. part. of קָטַם, Qal of קטם; so called because it is regarded as a triangle the upper part of which was cut off through a line parallel to its base.]

קָטֽוּעַ adj. PBH cut off, lopped off, truncated. [Pass. part. of קָטַע, Qal of קטע.]

קִטּֽוּעַ m.n. NH 1 cutting off, lopping off. PBH 2 piece cut off, fragment. [Verbal n. of קִטַּע, Pi. of קטע.]

קָטוּף adj. PBH 1 plucked, plucked off. 2 mutilated, shortened. [Pass. part. of קָטַף, Qal of קטף.]

קִטּוּף ᴵ f.n. PBH plucking, picking. [Verbal n. of קִטֵּף (= he plucked), Pi. of קטף.]

קִטּוּף ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH kneading and smoothing (dough). [Verbal n. of קִטֵּף (= he kneaded and smoothed), special meaning of the Pi. of קטף.]

קָטוּר adj. bound, connected (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 46:22 in the form קֽטֻרוֹת). [Pass. part. of קטר ᴵᴵ. An Aram. loan word.]

קִטּוּר m.n. PBH 1 offering incense. NH 2 smoking (a pipe). [Verbal n. of קִטֵּר, Pi. of קטר ᴵ.]

קְטוֹרָה f.n. incense (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 33:10). [A collateral form of קְטֹרֶת.]

קטט to quarrel. [A secondary form of קוט; base of קֶטֶט and קְטָטָה.]

קֶֽטֶט m.n. PBH quarrel, discord. [From קטט. cp. קְטָטָה.]

קְטָטָה f.n. PBH quarrel, discord. [Formed from קטט with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְטִילָא adj. PBH killed, slain (occurring in the phrase גַּבְרָא קְטִילָא, ‘a dead man’, fig. used of a weak, valueless person). [Aram., pass. part. of קְטַל (= he killed, slew), which is related to Heb. קָטַל (of s.m.; see קטל). Hence Aram. קְטִילָא is the exact equivalent of Heb. קָטִיל (q.v.).]

קְטִילָה f.n. NH killing. [Verbal n. of קָטַל; see קטל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְטִימָה f.n. MH cutting off, lopping off. [Verbal n. of קָטַם. See קטם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַטִּין m.n. NH minor, under age. [From Aram. קַטִּין, קַטִּינָא (= small), which is related to Heb. קָטָן (of s.m.). cp. קֽטִינָא.] Derivative: קַטִּינוּת.

קְטִינָא adj. NH small, tiny. [Formed from Aram. קַטִּינָא, with change of pronunciation.]

קַטִּינוּת f.n. NH status of a minor, nonage. [Formed from קַטִּין with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְטִיעָה f.n. MH 1 cutting off, amputation. NH 2 interruption. [Verbal n. of קָטַע. See קטע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָטִיף m.n. NH 1 fruit picking. 2 fruit-picking season. [Formed from קטף on the analogy of בָּצִיר, קָצִיר, etc.]

קְטִיפָה ᴵ f.n. PBH plucking, picking. [Verbal n. of קָטַף. See קטף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְטִיפָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH 1 cloak, mantle. NH 2 velvet. [Related to Arab. qaṭīfa (= garment, coat; velvet).] Derivatives: קֽטִיפָנִי, קֽטִיפָתִי.

קְטִיפָנִי, קְטִיפָתִי adj. NH velvety. [Formed from קְטִיפָה ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִי or ◌ָתִי.]

קטל to kill, slay.
    — Qal - קָטַל he killed, slew (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 139:19, Job 13:15; 24:14).
    — Niph. - נִקְטַל was killed, was slain.
    — Pi. - קִטֵּל he killed, slew. [Related to Aram. (also BAram. and Syr.) קְטַל, Arab. qatala, Syr. qatala (= he killed, slew). The orig. form of the base prob. was קתל; the change of ת to ט in Heb. and in Aram. would be due to its assimilation to the preceding emphatic consonant ק.] Derivatives: קֶטֶל, קָטוּל, קְטִילָה, קַטֽלָן. cp. קְטִילָא, קְטִילָא, קְטָלָא.

קֶֽטֶל f.n. killing, slaughter (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Oba. verse 9, in the form מִקָּטֶל, ‘by slaughter’). [From קטל. cp. Arab. qatl (= killing, slaughter).]

קְטָלָא m.n. PBH killing. [From Aram. קְטַל (= he killed). See קטל.]

קְטָלָב m.n. NH Arbutus (a genus of trees). [From Arab. qaṭlab.]

קטלג to catalogue.
    — Pi. - קִטֽלֵג he catalogued.
    — Pu. - קֻטְלֵג was catalogued. [Formed from קָטָלוֹג.] Derivatives: קִטְלוּג, מְקַטְלֵג, מְקֻטְלָג.

קַטְלָה f.n. PBH (pl. קַטְלָאוֹת or קַטְלָיוֹת) small chain, necklace. [L. cabella, dimin. formed from caténa (= chain). Whence Fren. chaîne, Eng. chain (= chain). Of uncertain origin.]

קָטָלוֹג m.n. FW catalogue, catalog. [Fren. catalogue, from Late L. catalogus, from Gk. katalogos (= a counting up, enrollment), from katalegein (= to count up; lit.: ‘to count down’), from kata (see קָטָ◌) and legein (= to pick out, reckon, count, tell, speak), which is cogn. with L. legere (= to gather, collect; to read). See לִגְיוֹן and cp. לוֹגוֹס.] Derivatives: קטלג, קָטָלוֹגָן.

קִטְלוּג m.n. NH cataloguing. [Verbal n. of קִטְלֵג. See קטלג.]

קָטָלוֹגָן m.n. NH catalogist, cataloguer. [Formed from קָטָלוֹג with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קַטְלִית f.n. PBH hip joint. [From Gk. kotyle (= anything hollow, a cup, socket of a joint, hip joint), which is possibly cogn. with L. catīnus (= deep vessel for cooking or serving up food). See ‘kettle’ in my CEDEL.]

קַטְלָן m.n. MH murderer. [Formed from קָטַל (see קטל) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: קַטֽלָנִי.

קַטְלָנִי adj. NH murderous. [Formed from קַטְלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קטם ᴵ to cut off, lop off.
    — Qal - קָטַם he cut off, lopped off.
    — Niph. - נָקְטַם was cut off, was lopped off.
    — Pi. - קִטֵּם he cut off, broke.
    — Pu. - קֻטַּם was cut off, was broken off.
    — Pil. - קִרֽטֵם (see קרטם). [Related to Aram.–Syr. קֽטַם, Arab. qaṭama (= he cut off). Prob. related to the bases קטף, קטע and גדע.] Derivatives: קָטוּם, קְטוּמָה, קְטִימָה.

קטם ᴵᴵ to cover with ashes.
    — Qal - קָטַם he covered with ashes.
    — Niph. - נִקֽטַם was covered with ashes. [Denominated from Aram. קִטְמָא Syr. קֶטְמָא (= ashes), which is related to Arab. qatām (= rain).] Derivative: קָטוּם ᴵᴵ.

קטן to be small, be insignificant.
    — Qal - קָטֹן 1 was small; 2 was insignificant.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַטֵּן was reduced, became less.
    — Hiph. - הִקְטִין 1 , he made small (in the Bible occurring only Amos 8:5); PBH 2 grew smaller. [Aram. קטן (in derivatives), Syr. קֽטַן (= grew thin, grew frail, was narrowed), OSArab. קטנ (= to be small), Ethiop. qaṭana (= to be thin, be small), Arab. qaṭīn (= servant), Akka. qatnu, qattanu (= thin, young), quttinnu (= younger), Neopunic אקטן (= small).] Derivatives: קָטָן and קָטֹן, קָטֵן, קֹטֶן, הַקְטָנָה, הִתְקַטּֽנוּת, מֻקְטָן. cp. קַטִּין.

קָטָן, קָטֹן adj. 1 little, small. 2 young. 3 insignificant, unimportant. [From קטן. Some scholars trace the form קָטֹן to qaṭun. However, it is more probable that it goes back to qaṭān. cp. Aram. קַטִּין, קַטִּינָא (= small) and see קַטִּין, קֽטִינָא.] Derivatives: קַטֽנוּן, קַטְנוּנִי, קַטֽנוּת, קֽטַנֽטַן, קַטְנֽתָן.

קָטֵן adj. NH growing smaller, diminishing. [From קטן.]

קִֹטֶן m.n. 1 the little finger; lit.: ‘the small one’ (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 12:10 in the sentence קָטֳנִּי עָבָה מִמָּתֽנֵי אָבִי, ‘My little finger is thicker than my father’s loins’). PBH 2 smallness. [From קטן.]

קַטְנוּן adj. NH very small, tiny. [Formed from קָטָן through reduplication of the נ.]

קַטְנוּנִי adj. NH petty. [Formed from קָטָן through reduplication of the נ and the suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קַטֽנוּנִיּוּת.

קַטְנוּנִיּוּת f.n. NH pettiness. [Formed from קַטְנוּנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַטְנֽוֹעַ m.n. NH motor scooter. [Compounded of קָט (= small), and נוֹעַ (= movement, motion).] Derivative: קַטְנוֹעָן.

קַטְנוֹעָן m.n. NH scooter rider. [Formed from קַטְנוֹעַ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קַטְנוּת f.n. MH 1 smallness. NH 2 narrowmindedness, pettiness. NH 3 littleness, trifle. [Formed from קָטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְטַנְטַן adj. NH very small, tiny. [Coined from קָטָן (= small), through the reduplication of the second and third radical of the stem, on the analogy of יֽרַקֽרַק (= greenish), which derives from יָרֹק (= green), and אֲדַמְדַּם (= reddish), which is formed from אָדֹם (= red).]

קִטְנִית f.n. PBH pulse, beans, peas. [Related to Akka. qitnu. Arab. quṭniyya, qiṭniyya (of s.m.) is a Heb. loan word. Syr. קִטְנִיתָא is borrowed from Arabic.]

קַטְנְתָן m.n. PBH minor official. [Formed from קָטָן (= small), with suff. ◌תָן.]

קָטַסְטְרוֹפָה f.n. FW catastrophe. [Gk. katastrophe (= overturning, overthrowing), from katastrephein (= to upset, overturn, overthrow; lit.: ‘to turn down’), from kata (see קָטָ◌) and strephein (= to turn). See סְטְרֶפְּטוֹמִיצִין.] Derivative: קָטַסְטְרוֹפָלִי.

קָטַסְטְרוֹפָלִי adj. FW catastrophic. [Formed from קָטַסְטְרוֹפָה with L. suff. -ālis (see adj. suff. ‘-al’ in my CEDEL) and suff. ◌ִי.]

קטע to cut, lop off; to amputate.
    — Qal - קָטַע PBH 1 he cut off, lopped off, amputated; NH 2 he interrupted.
    — Niph. - נִקְטַע PBH 1 was cut, was lopped off, was amputated; NH 2 was interrupted.
    — Pi. - קִטַּע PBH 1 he cut off, cut through, mutilated; NH 2 interrupted intermittently; NH 3 he divided into paragraphs, paragraphed.
    — Pu. - קֻטַּע PBH 1 it was cut off, was cut through, was mutilated, was amputated; NH 2 it was interrupted from time to time; NH 3 was divided into paragraphs, was paragraphed.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַטַּע PBH 1 was cut off, was cut through, was mutilated, was amputated; NH 2 was interrupted from time to time.
    — Hiph. - הִקְטִיעַ broke forth intermittently.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְטַע was cut off. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קֽטַע (= he cut, cut out, hewed down), Arab. qata‘a (= he cut, cut off, lopped off), and to גדע, גדם. For the interchangeability of ג and ק see the introductory entry to letter ג, for that of ד and ט see the introductory entry to letter ד.] Derivatives: קֶטַע, קִטֵּעַ, קָטוּעַ, קִטּוּעַ, קְטִיעָה, הִתְקַטְּעוּת, מִקֽטָע, מַקְטֵעַ, מְקֻטָּע.

קֶֽטַע m.n. PBH 1 fragment, part. portion. 2 segment, section. [From קטע.]

קִטֵּֽעַ m.n. PBH one whose arm or leg has been cut off, cripple. [From קטע.]

קטף to pluck off, pick.
    — Qal - קָטַף he plucked, picked. — Niph. נִקְטַף was plucked off, was picked (in the Bible occurring only Job 8:12).
    — Pi. - קִטֵּף 1 he plucked, picked; 2 he kneaded and smoothed dough (lit.: ‘he tore a lump of dough into pieces’).
    — Pu. - קֻטַּף 1 was plucked, was picked; 2 was kneaded and smoothed (see Pi.).
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַטֵּף was cut. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קֽטַף (= he plucked off, picked), Arab. qaṭafa (of s.m.), Akka. qatāpu (= to pluck off). Prob. related also to קטם ᴵ and to bases there referred to.] Derivatives: קָטוּף, קִטּוּף ᴵ, קִטּוּף ᴵᴵ, קָטִיף, קֽטִיפָה ᴵ, קַטֶּפֶת, מְקֻטָּף, מַקֽטֵפָה.

קְטָף m.n. PBH resin, balsam. [Related to Aram. קֽטָפָא (of s.m.). Of uncertain origin.]

קָטַפְרֵס m.n. PBH slope. [Gk. katapheres (= going down, sloping), from kata (see קָטָ◌) and pherein (= to bear, carry). See אֲנָפוֹרָה.]

קַטֶּפֶת f.n. NH picking machine. [Formed from קטף with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קטקט tr. v. to flatten, make even.
    — Pilp. - קִטְקִט he made even, flattened. [Of unknown etymology (occurs only in the Talmud Yerushalmi).]

קטר ᴵ to smoke, make sacrifices smoke, turn something into smoke.
    — Qal - קָטַר it smoked, fumed.
    — Niph. - נִקֽטַר was made to smoke, was sacrificed.
    — Pi. - קִטֵּר 1 he burned incense, made sacrifices to smoke; NH 2 he smoked (a pipe).
    — Pu. - קֻטַּר was made to smoke, was perfumed (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 3:6 in the form מֽקֻטֶּרָת).
    — Hith. - הִתְקַטֵּר was perfumed.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽטִיר 1 he burned incense; 2 he made sacrifice to smoke.
    — Hoph. - הָקְטַר, הֻקְטַר 1 was burned as incense; 2 was made to smoke. [Related to Aram. קִיטִרָא, קוּטְרָא (= smoke), Arab. qatara (= it exhaled odor, smoked — said of fire), qatar (= exhalation, smoke), Ethiop. qetārē (= incense), Akka. qutru (= smoke). All the forms of the Heb. verb. קטר are denominated from קֽטֹרָת (q.v.) and lit. mean ‘to produce קֽטֹרָת’.] Derivatives: קִטֵּר, קַטָּר, קִטּוּר, הָקֽטֵר, הַקֽטָרָה, הִתֽקַטּֽרוּת, מַקֽטֵר, מִקֽטָר, מֻקֽטָר, מֽקֻטָּר, מֽקַטְּרָה, מִקְטֶרֶת.

קטר ᴵᴵ to bind. [Aram.–Syr. קְטַר (= he bound), related to Heb. קָשַׁר, Ethiop. qaṣara, Amharic qaṭara (= he bound). See קשׁר. This base appears only in the pass. part. Qal. See קָטוּר.]

קִטֵּר m.n. incense (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 44:21). [From קטר.]

קְֹטֶר m.n. MH 1 diameter. NH 2 diagonal, axis. NH 3 caliber. [Arab. quṭr (= diameter; diagonal; caliber).]

קַטָּר m.n. NH locomotive, engine. [Formed from קִיטוֹר on the analogy of Arab. qiṭār (= railroad train).] Derivative: קַטָּרַאי.

קַטָּרַאי m.n. NH engine driver. [Formed from קַטָּר with suff. ◌ַאי.]

קַטְרָב m.n. PBH cotter-pin, crosspiece of a yoke. [Together with Aram. קַטְרַבָּא of uncertain origin. Both these words are possibly loan words from Akka. qartabu (= a small beam).] Derivative: קטרב.

קטרב to fasten with a cotter-pin.
    — Pi. - קִטְרֵב he fastened with a cotter-pin.
    — Pu. - קֻטְרַב was fastened with a cotter-pin. [Denominated from קַטְרָב.]

קטרג to accuse, denounce.
    — Pi. - קִטְרֵג he accused, denounced.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַטְרֵג was accused, was denounced. [Formed from קָטֵגוֹר through metathesis. cp. Aram.-Syr. קַטְרֵג (= he accused, denounced), which was similarly formed from Gk. kategoros.] Derivative: קִטְרוּג.

קִטְרוּג m.n. MH accusation, denunciation. [Verbal n. of קטרג.]

קִטְרוֹן m.n. PBH centurion. [Gk. kentourion, L. centuriō (= commander of a century), from centuria (= a parcel or division of a hundred things), formed from centum (= a hundred), on the analogy of decuria (= a company of ten), from decem (= ten). See צֶנְטְנֶר.]

קְטֹֽרֶת f.n. smoke, odor of sacrifice, incense. [Formed from קטר ᴵ with suff. ◌ֶת. The v. קטר is denominated from קְטֹרֶת. Egypt. qdrt is borrowed from קְטֹרֶת. cp. קְטוֹרָה.]

קיא to vomit, spit out.
    — Qal - קָא he vomited, spat out.
    — Hiph. - הֵקִיא he vomited, spat out.
    — Hoph. - הוּקָא was vomited, was spat out. [Related to Arab. qā’a (= he vomited), Akka. qā’u (= to spit). cp. קיה.] Derivatives: קִיא, קִיאָה, הֲקָאָה, מוּקָא. cp. קָאָת.

קִיא m.n. what is vomited up, vomit. [From קיא. cp. קֵא.]

קִיאָה f.n. MH vomiting. [Verbal n. of קִיא. cp. קיא and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִיבֶּרְנֶטִיקָה f.n. FW cybernetics. [Coined by the Jewish American mathematician Norbert Wiener (1894–1964) from Gk. kybernetes (= steersman, pilot), from kybernai (= to steer, guide, govern). See קַבַּרְנִיט.]

קיה to vomit.
    — Qal - קָיָה he vomited, spat out. [A secondary form of קיא.]

קִיּוּט m.n. NH vernalization. [Verbal n. of קִיֵּט. See קיט.]

קִיוִי m.n. FW kiwi (bird). [Maori kiwi, a word of imitative origin.]

קִיוִית f.n. NH lapwing (bird). [Of imitative origin.]

קִיּוּם m.n. PBH 1 existence. PBH 2 maintenance, sustenance. PBH 3 confirmation. MH 4 fulfillment. NH 5 survival. [Verbal n. of קִיֵּם, Pi. of קום. cp. Aram. קִיּוּמָא, קִיּוּמֽתָּא, Syr. קִיָּמְתָּא (= existence) derivatives of Aram.-Syr. קוּם.] Derivative: קִיּוּמִי.

קִיּוּמִי adj. NH existential. [Formed from קִיּוּם with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קִיּוּמִיּוּת.

קִיּוּמִיּוּת f.n. existentialism. [Formed from קִיּוּמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִיּוֹסְק m.n. FW kiosque. [Fren. kiosque, from Turkish kioshk (= pavilion), from Pers. kūshk (= palace).]

קִיּוּץ m.n. NH summering. [From קַיִץ (= summer).]

קִיחָה f.n. PBH taking. [Aphetic var. of לְקִיחָה.]

קַֽיִט m.n. NH summer vacation. [From Aram. קַיְטָא (= summer). See קַיֽטָא.]

קיט to spend the summer holidays, to summer.
    — Pi. - קִיֵּט he spent the summer holidays, summered. [Denominated from Aram. קַיֽטָא (= summer). See קַיֽטָא.] Derivative: קִיּוּט.

קַיְטָא m.n. PBH summer. [Aram., related to Heb. קֵיִץ (of s.m.). See קַיִץ ᴵ.] Derivatives: קיט, קַיְטָן, קַיֽטָנָה.

קִיטוֹן f.n. PBH bedroom. [From Gk. koiton (whence also Syr. קַיְטוֹנָא, whence prob. also Arab. qayṭūn, which, however, possibly derives directly from Gk. koiton), which is related to koite (= place to lie down in, bed), koimai (= to put to sleep), keimai (= I lie down, lie asleep), kome (= village), from IE base k̂ei- (= to lie, rest, settle down), whence also L. civis (= member of a community, citizen). See צִיבִילִי. See also ‘home’ and ‘cemetery’ in my CEDEL.]

קִיטוֹר m.n. 1 thick smoke, vapor. NH 2 steam. [From. קטר ᴵ.]

קִיטְל m.n. FW kittel. [Ger. Kittel (= frock, coat), ultimately from Arab. quṭn, quṭun (= cotton). See כֻּתֽנָה.]

קַיְטָן m.n. NH summer vacationer. [Formed from קַיֽטָא (= summer) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: קַיְטָנוּת.

קַיְטָנָה f.n. NH summer resort. [From קַיְטָא (= summer).]

קַיְטָנוּת f.n. NH summer vacationing. [Formed from קַיְטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִיכְלִי m.n. PBH (also spelled כִּכְלִי) thrush (bird). [Gk. kichle (= thrush), related to chelidon (= swallow) and cogn. with Old Eng. gellan (= to yell, shriek), galan (= to sing). See ‘yell’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘chelidonium’ and ‘nightingale’ ibid.]

קִילוֹ◌ combining form FW kilo– (= one thousand). [Fren. kilo–, from Gk. cheilioi (= a thousand), which is of uncertain origin. It is perhaps cogn. with L. mille (= a thousand). See מִיל ᴵ and cp. מִילִי◌.]

קִילוֹ m.n. FW kilo. [Short for קִילוֹגֽרַם.]

קִילוֹגְרַם m.n. FW kilogram(me). [Fren. kilogramme (lit.: ‘one thousand grams’), coined from kilo-, and gramme (= gram). See קִילוֹ◌ and גְּרַ◌.]

קִילווָֹאט m.n. FW kilowatt. [Lit.: ‘one thousand watts’. Coined from kilo– and watt. See קִילוֹ◌ and וָאט.]

קִילוֹלִיטֶר m.n. FW kiloliter, kilolitre. [Fren. kilolitre (= one thousand liters), coined from kilo– and litre. See קִילוֹ◌ and לִיטֶר.]

קִילוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW kilometer. [Fren. kilomètre, lit.: ‘one thousand meters’. Coined from kilo– and métre (= meter). See קִילוֹ◌ and מֶטֶר.]

קִילוֹן m.n. (pl. קִילוֹנוֹת) pump, well, water hoist. [Gk. kelon (= swipe, swing beam for drawing water); of uncertain origin.]

קִילוֹר, קִילוֹרִית m.n. resp. f.n. PBH eye salve. [Gk. kollyrion (= poultice, eye salve), dimin. of kollyra (= a loaf of coarse bread), which is related to kollis (of s.m.). The origin of these words is unknown. The eye salve was called kollirion (= a little loaf), because it was made up in small loaves.]

קַיָּם adj. PBH 1 living, existing, enduring, lasting. 2 valid. [From קִיַּם, Pi. of קום. cp. BAram. קַיָּם, Aram. קַיּֽמָא, Aram. and Syr. קַיָּמָא (= living, existing, enduring, lasting), Syr. קְיָמֽתָא (= resurrection).] Derivative: קַיָּמוּת.

קְיָם m.n. NH existence, duration, permanence. [From Aram. קְיָם, קְיָמָא. See קְיָמָא.]

קְיָמָא m.n. FW existence, duration, permanence. [Aram. קְיָם, קְיָמָא (of s.m.). Aram., from קוּם. See קום and cp. קִימָה.]

קִימָה f.n. standing up, rising (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:63). [Verbal n. of קוּם. See קום and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִימוֹנוֹ m.n. FW kimono. [Japanese kimono (= lit.: ‘a thing, mono, put on, ki).]

קַיָּמוּת f.n. MH existence, durability. [Formed from קַיָּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִימֶל m.n. FW caraway. [Ger. Kümmel.]

קַיְמָקָאם m.n. FW ‘kaimakam’ (district governor in the Ottoman empire). [Turkish qāimaqām (= deputy), contraction of Arab. qā́’im maqā́m (= substitute, proxy; lit.: ‘standing in the place of another’), from qā́’im, part. of qā́ma (= he stood), and maqā́m (= place — also from the base qā́ma) , related to Heb. מָקוֹם (= place), Ethiop. qōma (= he stood), Akka. kummu (= place, dwelling).]

קין to fit together, fabricate.
    — Pol. - קוֹנֵן he chanted a קִינָה. [Whence Arab. qāna (= he fabricated, forged), qayn (= craftsman, worker in steel or another metal smith), Aram. קֵינָאָה, Syr. קָינָיָא, Akka. qinay (= metal worker), Heb. קַיִן (= spear), קִינָה (= elegy, dirge), Syr. קִינֽתָא (of s.m.), קַיְנָה (= slave girl who is a singer), Ethiop. qenē (= song), Syr. קַנֽקֵן (= he sang), JAram. קֻנֽקַנִּיתָא (= musical instrument). For sense development cp. Gk. poietes (= poet; lit.: ‘a maker’), from poiein (= to make, produce).] Derivatives: מְקוֹנֵן, מֽקוֹנֶנֶת.]

קַֽיִן m.n. spear (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 21:16). [From קין.]

קַיָּן m.n. PBH one having abnormally large testicles. [Of unknown origin.]

קִינָה m.n. (pl. קִינוֹת, also קֽינִים) elegy, dirge. [From קין. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִינוֹף m.n. PBH frame of canopy for a mosquito net. [Gk. konopeion, whence L. cōnōpeum (= a bed with mosquito curtains), from konops (= gnat, mosquito), which is of uncertain origin. The change of Gk. konops to Heb. קִינוֹף is due to dissimilation; see נִימוֹס. cp. Med. L. canopeum (whence Fren. canapé, Eng. canopy) , which was formed from L. cōnōpeum through dissimilation.]

קִינֶטִי adj. FW kinetic (physics). [From Gk. kinetos (= moved), verbal adj. of kinein (= to move), which is related to kiein (= to go), and cogn. with L. ciēre (= to put into motion), citāre (= to put into quick motion). See צִיטָט and cp. קִינֶמָטִיקָה, קִינֶסֽקוֹפּ.]

קִינֶטִיקָה f.n. FW kinetics (physics). [From Gk. kinetikos (= putting into motion), from kinetos (= moved).]

קִינֶמָטִיקָה f.n. FW kinematics. [From Gk. kinema (= motion), from kinein. See קִינֶטִי.]

קִינֶסְקוֹפּ m.n. FW kinescope. [Compounded of Gk. kinein (= to move), and skopion, from skopein (= to look at, examine, spy, scout). See קִינֶטִי and ◌סְקוֹפּ.]

קִיסוֹס m.n. PBH ivy. [Gk. kissos (= ivy). A foreign word of unknown origin.] Derivative: קִיסוֹסִית.

קִיסוֹסִית f.n. NH green brier, smilax. [Formed from קִיסוֹס with suff. ◌ִית.]

קֵיסָם m.n. PBH chip, splinter. [Aram. קֵיסָם, קִיסְמָא. These words properly derive from base קסם (= to cut, break), but were influenced in spelling, and prob. also in meaning, by Aram. קֵיסָא, Syr. קַיְסָא (= wood, piece of wood).] Derivative: קֵיסֽמִית.

קֵיסְמִית f.n. PBH chip, splinter. [A secondary form of קֵיסָם (q.v.). For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.]

קֵיסָר m.n. PBH emperor. [Gk. Kaisar (whence also Aram.–Syr. קֵיסָר, Arab. qayṣar) , from L. Caesar, title adopted by Augustus and the succeeding Roman emperors from the cognomen of Caius Julius Caesar. cp. צָר. For other loan words traceable to Gk. Kaisar and L. Caesar, see ‘czar’ and ‘kaiser’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: קֵיסָרוּת, קֵיסָרִי, קסר.

קֵיסָרוּת f.n. NH empire. [Formed from קֵיסָר with suff. ◌וּת.]

קֵיסָרִי adj. PBH imperial. [Formed from קֵיסָר with suff. ◌ִי.]

קִיפוֹן m.n. FW (pl. קִיפוֹנִים, also קִיפוֹנוֹת) gray mullet (fish). [Of unknown origin.]

קִיפוֹף m.n. PBH 1 kind of app[[illegible]]mentioned in the Talmud). PBH 2 and[[illegible]] of owl (mentioned in the Talmud[[illegible]] 3 NH small monkey. [Aram. קֽיפוֹפָא. cp. קוֹף ᴵ.]

קַֽיִץ ᴵ m.n. 1 summer. 2 summer fruit, ripe fruit. [Related to BAram. קַיִט, Aram. and Syr. קַיֽטָא, Arab. qayẓ, OSArab. קיט (= summer), Arab. qaẓa (= was very hot).] Derivatives: קיץ ᴵ, קַיָּץ, קֵיצוֹן, קֵיצָה, קֵיצִי, קֵיצָנִית, קַיֶּצֶת.

קַֽיִץ ᴵᴵ m.n. MH awakening. [From קוץ ᴵᴵ.]

קיץ ᴵ to spend the summer.
    — Qal - קָץ he spent the summer (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 18:6).
    — Pi. - קִיֵּץ he brought in summer. [Denominated from קַיִץ ᴵ.] Derivative: קִיּוּץ.

קיץ ᴵᴵ see קוץ ᴵᴵ and יקץ.

קַיָּץ m.n. PBH 1 picker of summer figs. NH 2 summerer, vacationist. [Nomen opificis formed from קִיֵּץ, Pi. of קיץ ᴵ.]

קֵיצָה f.n. PBH summer fruits. [From קַיִץ ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִיצָה ᴵ f.n. PBH awakening. [Formed from יקץ (= to be awake), to which it stands as דֵּעָה (= knowledge), stands to ידע (= to know). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִיצָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH loathing, abhorrence. [Verbal n. of קוץ ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִיצָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. PBH cutting. [See קִצָה.]

קֵיצוֹן ᴵ adj. PBH summery, summer (adj.). [Formed from קַיִץ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

קִיצוֹן ᴵᴵ adj. outermost, extreme. [From קִצּוֹן, formed from קֵץ with suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivative: קֽיצוֹנִי.

קִיצוֹנִי adj. NH extreme, radical. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from קִיצוֹן and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קִיצוֹנִיּוּת.

קִיצוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH extremeness, radicalism. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah from קִיצוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קֵיצִי adj. MH summery, summer (adj.). [Formed from קַיִץ ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קֵיצָנִית f.n. NH carline thistle. [Formed from קַיִץ ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִית (see ◌ָנִי).]

קַיֶּֽצֶת f.n. NH Errigeron (a genus of plants, the daisy fleabane). [Formed from קַיִץ ᴵ with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קִיק ᴵ m.n. PBH castor-oil seed. [Prob. a shortened form of קִיקָיוֹן.]

קִיק ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH name of a bird, prob. the raven or, possibly, the pelican. [Like קָאָת (q.v.) of imitative origin. cp. Arab. qīq (= a pigeonlike bird), which is also imitative.]

קִיק ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH having abnormally large testicles. [Related to Arab. qāq, qīq, qūq, qiyāq, quyāq (= long and ugly).]

קָיָק m.n. FW kayak. [Eskimo kayak.]

קִיקָיוֹן m.n. castor tree, ricinus (in the Bible occurring only Jon. 4:6 (bis), 7, 9, 10). [cp. Akka. kukkānītum (= a garden plant), whence Gk. kíki (= ricinus). cp. also קִיק ᴵ.] Derivative: קִיקְיוֹנִי.

קִיקְיוֹנִי adj. NH ephemeral. [Formed from קִיקָיוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קִיקְיוֹנִיּוּת.

קִיקְיוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH ephemerality. [Formed from קִיקֽיוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִיקְלָא f.n. PBH dunghill. [Aram., also Aram.-Syr. קִיקַלְתָּא, prob. dissimilated from orig. קִלְקְלָא, קִלֽקַלֽתָּא, ultimately formed from base קלל, hence of the same origin as קִיקָלוֹן.]

קִיקָלוֹן m.n. disgrace (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hab. 2:16). [Dissimilated from orig. קִלֽקָלוֹן and ultimately formed from base עקלל. cp. קִיקֽלָא.]

קִיקְלוֹפ see צִיקֽלוֹפּ.

קִיר m.n. (pl. קִירוֹת) 1 wall. 2 beam. PBH 3 rim, border. [Of uncertain etymology. It is perhaps related to Akka. qīru, JAram., Syr. and Mand. קִירָא (= asphalt). Arab. qīr (= asphalt), whence the verb qayyara (= he smeared with asphalt, was denominated), in which case the orig. meaning of Heb. קִיר would have been ‘something paved or painted with asphalt’.]

קֵירָס m.n. PBH opportunity, season. [Gk. kairos (= the right season, the right time). Of uncertain origin.]

קישׁ to compare, draw analogous conclusions.
    — Hiph. - הֵקִישׁ he compared, drew analogous conclusions.
    — Hoph. - הוּקַשׁ was compared, was drawn (an analogy). [Related to Arab. qāsa (= he measured, compared, drew analogous conclusions), qiyās (= comparison, analogy).] Derivatives: הֶקֵשׁ, הֲקָשָׁה (according to some scholars these nouns are derivatives of base נקשׁ ᴵᴵ and, accordingly, should be spelled הֶקֵּשׁ, הַקָּשָׁה).

קִישׁ m.n. PBH clapping, clink. [Aram., of imitative origin.]

קִישָׁן adj. PBH bandy-legged. [Of uncertain orig.; perhaps derived from נקשׁ ᴵ.]

קִיתוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. קִיתוֹנוֹת, also קִיתוֹנִיּוֹת) , jug, cup. [Gk. kothon (= Laconian drinking vessel), a word of uncertain origin. The change of Gk. kothon to Heb. קִיתוֹן is due to dissimilation; see נִימוֹס.]

קַל adj. 1 light. 2 swift, fast. 3 easy, not difficult, unimportant. 4 ‘Qal’ (grammar) — the simple conjugation. [From קלל, whence also Aram. קַלִּיל, קַלִּילַא (= light, easy). For the form of the adj. קַל cp. דַּל, מַר, רַךְ. In its grammatical sense the adj. קַל was prob. first used by the grammarian Dunash ben Labrat (c. 920–c. 990) to distinguish between the simple conjugation (now preferably called פָּעַל) and the conjugations ‘Pi‘el’, ‘Pu‘al’ and ‘Hithpa‘el’, called ‘the heavy conjugations’; see כָּבֵד). For other grammatical terms introduced by Dunash see נִפְעַל, פִּעֵל, פֻּעַל, הִפְעִיל, הָפְעַל, הִתְפַּעֵל.] Derivative: קַלּוּת.

קֹל m.n. (pl. קֻלִּים) 1 lightness, levity (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 3:9). PBH 2 lenient rule. [From קלל. cp. קֻלָּא.]

קֻלָּא m.n. PBH (pl. קֻלֵּי) leniency, lenient ruling. [Aram., from קלל. cp. קל. cp. also קֻלָּה.]

קַלַּאי m.n. PBH roaster (person). [Nomen opificis formed from קלה ᴵ.]

קָלָאִילָן m.n. PBH blue dye. [Formed through assimilation from Gk. kelainon (= black, dark blue, sea green), which is of uncertain origin.]

קָלְבּוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. קָלֽבּוֹנוֹת) agio, surcharge. [Gk. kollybos, also kollybon (= coin; orig. ‘change’), which stands for chollyphos and derives from Heb. חָלַף (= he changed; see חלף). Accordingly קָלֽבּוֹן has been reborrowed from Gk. kollybon.]

קַלַבּוּשׁ m.n. FW calaboose (a prison). [Sp. calabozo (= prison, cell), prob. from L. calafodium, which is compounded of pre-Latin colar (= a protected place, cave), and L. fodere (= to dig).]

קִלְבֹּֽסֶת f.n. PBH hipbone. [Together with Aram. קֽלִיבוֹסֽתָּא of unknown origin.]

קַלְגַּס m.n. PBH soldier, warrior (mostly used in the pl. קַלְגַּסִּים). [L. caliga (= heavy military shoe), whence fig., ‘military service’. Related to calx (= heel), calcar (= spur), calceus (= shoe). See ‘Calceolaria’ in my CEDEL.]

קלד to open.
    — Hiph. - הִקְלִיד he opened with a key. [Related to Aram. אַקֽלֵד (= he opened with a key), אַקְלִידָא (= key); from Gk. kleis, gen. kleidos (= key). See קָלִיד.]

קלה ᴵ to roast, parch; to burn, consume.
    — Qal - קָלָה 1 he roasted, parched; 2 he burned, consumed.
    — Niph. - נִקֽלָה was roasted, was parched. [Related to Syr. קְלָא (= he roasted, parched), JAram. קְלָא (= to burn), Arab. qalā, qalā(y), Ethiop. qalawa (= he roasted, fried), OSArab. קלאת (= heat), Akka. qalū (= to burn, consume). Egypt. maqāru (= baker’s oven), is a Sem. loan word.] Derivatives: קָלוּי, קָלִי, קָלִיא, קַלַּאי, קֽלִיָּה, מַקֽלֶה, מִקֽלֶה, מֵקֽלָיָה. cp. קַלֽיוּם.

קלה ᴵᴵ to be lightly esteemed, be disgraced.
    — Qal - קָלָה disgraced, dishonored, humiliated.
    — Pi. - קִלָּה (of s.m.).
    — Niph. - נִקְלָה he was lightly esteemed, was disgraced, was dishonored.
    — Hiph. - הִקְלָה he disgraced, dishonored (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 27:16). [A secondary form of קלל. cp. Syr. אַקְלִי (= he held in light esteem), Aram. קְלָנָא (= shame, disgrace).] Derivatives: קָלוֹן, נִקֽלֶה.

קֻלָּה f.n. MH 1 lightness, levity. PBH 2 leniency. [From Aram. קֻלָּא (q.v.).]

קְלוּבּ m.n. FW club. [Eng. See ‘club’ in my CEDEL.]

קִלּֽוּחַ m.n. PBH flow, jet, spouting forth. [Verbal n. of קִלַּח, Pi. of קלח.]

קָלוּט ᴵ adj. NH taken from. [Pass. part. of קָלַט. See קלט.]

קָלוּט ᴵᴵ adj. uncloven, grown together (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 22:23). [Pass. part. of קָלַט, hence derivatively identical with קָלוּט ᴵ. Some scholars render קָלוּט by ‘stunted’.]

קָלוּי adj. roasted, parched (Lev. 2:14, Josh. 5:11). [Pass. part. of קָלָה. See קלה ᴵ.]

קְלַוְיָאטוּרָה f.n. FW keyboard. [From L. clāvis (= key), which is related to clāvus (= nail), and cogn. with Gk. kleis, gen. kleidos (= key). See קָלִיד.]

קְלוּמִית f.n. PBH stalk. [A secondary form of קְרוּמִית.]

קָלוֹן m.n. shame, disgrace, dishonor. [From קלה ᴵᴵ, whence prob. also Syr. קְלַיתָּא (= slight, insult).] Derivative: קְלוֹנִית.

קְלוֹנִית f.n. PBH brothel keeper, madam. [Formed from קָלוֹן with suff. ◌ִית.]

קִלּוּס ᴵ m.n. mocking, scorn. [Verbal n. of קִלֵּס, Pi. of קלס ᴵ.]

קִלּוּס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH praise. [Verbal n. of קִלֵּס, Pi. of קלס ᴵᴵ.]

קִלּוּס ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH tramping, dancing. [Verbal n. of קִלֵּס, Pi. of קלס ᴵᴵᴵ.]

קָלֽוּעַ adj. MH twisted, plaited. [Pass. part. of קָלַע. See קלע ᴵᴵ.]

קִלּֽוּעַ m.n. MH shooting at a target. [Verbal n. of קִלַּע, Pi. of קלע ᴵ.]

קָלוּף adj. PBH peeled, pared. [Pass. part. of קָלַף. See קלף.]

קִלּוּף m.n. PBH peeling. [Verbal n. of קִלֵּף, Pi. of קלף.]

קִלּוּפָה f.n. PBH peel, bark (esp. of aromatic plants). [Formed from קִלֵּף, Pi. of קלף, with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְלוּפִית f.n. PBH thin skin. [Formed from קלף with dimin. suff. ◌ִית cp. Aram. קְלוּפִיתָא (of s.m.).]

קְלוֹקֵל, קְלֹקֵל adj. contemptible, worthless (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 21:5). [From קלל. cp. Akka. qalqaltu (= hunger).] Derivative: קֽלוֹקֽלוּת.

קְלוֹקְלוּת f.n. NH worthlessness. [Formed from קְלוֹקֵל with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָלוֹרְיָה f.n. FW calorie. [Eng. calorie, from L. calor (= warmth, heat), from calēre (= to be hot, be warm), which derives from IE base * k̂el- (= to become warm). See ‘caldron’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of קָלוֹרֽיָה see suff. ◌ָה. cp. קָלוֹרִימֶטֶר, קָלוֹרִימֶטְרִיָּה.]

קָלוֹרִימֶטֶר m.n. FW calorimeter. [A hybrid coined from L. calor (see קָלוֹרֽיָה) and Gk. metron (= measure). See מֶטֶר.]

קָלוֹרִימֶטְרִיָּה f.n. FW calorimetry. [See קָלוֹרִימֶטֶר and suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

קָלוּשׁ adj. PBH 1 thin, sparse, rare. NH 2 weak. [Pass. part. of קָלַשׁ (see קלשׁ). Formed on the analogy of Aram. קֽלִישׁ (of s.m.), pass. part. of קְלַשׁ.]

קִלּוּשׁ m.n. NH rarefaction. [Verbal n. of קִלֵּשׁ. See קלשׁ.] Derivative: קְלִישׁוּת.

קַלּוּת f.n. PBH 1 lightness, swiftness. MH 2 ease. [Formed from קַל with suff. ◌וּת.]

קלח to spurt, spout forth, stream, flood.
    — Qal - קָלַח it spurted, spouted forth, streamed, flooded.
    — Niph. - נִקְלַח was streamed, was flooded.
    — Pi. - קִלַּח tr. v. 1 he caused to stream, flooded; 2 he showered; 3 , it spurted, spouted forth.
    — Pu. - קֻלַּח MH 1 was showered; NH 2 was streamed.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַלַּח he took a shower.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽלִיחַ he caused to stream, flooded. [Of uncertain origin. cp. קֶלַח ᴵ.] Derivatives: קוֹלַח, קֶלַח ᴵᴵ, קִלּוּחַ, קֽלִיחָה, מְקֻלָּח, מִקְלַחַת, תִּקְלַחַת, possibly also קַלַּחַת.

קֶֽלַח ᴵ m.n. PBH stem, stalk. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to קלח.]

קֶֽלַח ᴵᴵ m.n. NH jet of liquid. [From קלח.]

קַלַּֽחַת f.n. kettle, caldron (in the Bible occurring only Sam. I 2:14 and Micah 3:3). [Of uncertain origin; perhaps borrowed from Egypt. qrḥt. Coptic ǧalaht is a Sem. loan word. For the ending of קַלַּחַת see suff. ◌ַת.]

קלט to contract, draw in, take in.
    — Qal - קָלַט 1 he contracted, was stunted (in the Bible occurring only in the pass. part. קָלוּט); PBH 2 he received, took in; PBH 3 he absorbed, restrained; PBH 4 it served as a city of refuge; MH 5 he took off, removed.
    — Niph. - נִקֽלַט PBH 1 it was absorbed, entered; NH 2 it struck roots; NH 3 was received or adopted (e.g. a word into a language); NH 4 was gathered, was collected.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽלִיט he recorded.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְלַט was recorded. [Related to JAram. קְלַט (= he contracted, drew in, received), Syr. קַלּוּט, קַלּוּטָא (= avaricious), Arab. qulāṭ, qalaṭiyy (= very short, pigmy), and ḥaqallad (= avaricious).] Derivatives: קֶלֶט, קָלִיט, קְלִיט, קֽלִיטָה, קֽלִיטוּת, קַלֶּטֶת, הַקְלָטָה, הִקָּלְטוּת, מַקְלֵט, מִקְלָט, מֻקְלָט, תַּקְליט.

קֶֽלֶט m.n. NH 1 taking in reception. 2 reception center (for soldiers). 3 input. [From קלט.]

קִלְטוּר m.n. NH cultivation. [Verbal n. of קִלְטֵר. See קלטר.]

קלטר to cultivate.
    — Pi. - קִלֽטֵר he cultivated.
    — Pu. - קֻלְטַר was cultivated. [Back formation from קוּלְטוּרָה.] Derivatives: קִלְטוּר, מְקֻלְטָר, קַלְטֶרֶת.

קַלְטֶֽרֶת f.n. NH cultivator (machine). [Formed from קלטר with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קַלֶּֽטֶת f.n. NH cassette. [Formed from קלט with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קָלִי m.n. (pl. קְלִיּוֹת or קְלָיוֹת) roasted grain, parched corn. [From קלה ᴵ. cp. Akka. qalū (= roasted grain). cp. קָלִיא.]

קָלִיא m.n. the same word as קָלִי. [cp. נָקִיא, נָקִי.]

קְלִיבֹֽסֶת see קִלֽבֹּסֶת.

קָלִיבֶּר m.n. FW caliber. [Fren. calibre, from It. calibro, from Arab. qālib (= mold, model), from Gk. kalopodion (= shoemaker’s last), dimin. of kalopous, gen. kalopodos (of s.m.), lit.: ‘a foot of wood’, from kalon (= wood; esp. ‘wood for burning’), and pous, gen. podos (= foot).]

קַלִּיגְרָף m.n. FW calligrapher. [Gk. kalligraphos (= a calligrapher), compounded of kallos (= beauty), and graphos, from graphein (= to write). See קלס ᴵᴵ and ◌גְרָף.] Derivative: קַלִּיגְרָפִי.

קַלִּיגְרָפִי adj. FW calligraphic. [Formed from קַלִּיגְרָף with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַלִּיגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW calligraphy. [Gk. kalligraphia, from kalligraphos. See קַלִּיגְרָף and suff. ◌יָה.]

קָלִיד m.n. NH key (of a piano or a typewriter). [From Aram. אַקְלִידָא (= key), from Gk. kleida, accusative of kleis (= key), from IE base * qlāu–, * (s)qleu– (= hook, forked branch, key; to close, shut). cp. קלד. cp. also קֽלַוֽיָאטוּרָה.]

קָלֵידוֹסְקוֹפּ m.n. FW kaleidoscope. Lit.: ‘observer of beautiful forms’, coined by its inventor Sir David Brewster in 1817 from Gk. kalos (= beautiful), eidos (= form, shape), and skopion, from skopein (= to look at, examine). See קלס ᴵᴵ, אִידֵאָה and ◌סֽקוֹפּ.] Derivative: קָלֵידוֹסְקוֹפִּי.

קָלֵידוֹסְקוֹפִּי adj. FW[[illegible]] kaleidoscopic. [Formed from קָלֵידוֹסֽקוֹפּ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קְלִיָּה f.n. PBH roasting, parching. [Verbal n. of קָלָה, Qal of קלה ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַלְיוּם m.n. FW kalium (chemistry). [Modern L. kalium, from Arab. qilī (= charred ashes of the saltwort), from qalā (= he fried, roasted), which is related to Heb. קָלָה (= he roasted, parched). See קלה ᴵ.]

קְלִיחָה f.n. NH spurting, spouting forth, streaming. [Verbal n. of קָלַח. See קלח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָלִיט adj. NH absorbable, catchable, catchy. [Coined from קלט (= to take in), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

קְלִיט m.n. PBH contents (occurring only in the phrase קְלִיטוֹ שֶׁל יָם, ‘what the sea contains’, ‘treasures of the sea’). [From קלט.]

קְלִיטָה f.n. PBH 1 taking in, reception. PBH 2 taking roots. NH 3 absorption. NH 4 comprehension, understanding. NH 5 taking off, removal. [Verbal n. of קָלַט. See קלט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קֽלִיטוּת f.n. NH absorbability. [Formed from קלט with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַלִּיל adj. NH very light, scanty, small. [Formed from קַל on the analogy of Aram. קַלִּילָא. See קַלִּילָא.] Derivative: קַלִּילוּת.

קַלִּילָא adj. PBH very light, scanty, small. [Aram. (also Syr.), from קַל (= was light, was easy), from קלל (q.v.).]

קַלִּילוּת f.n. NH 1 lightness, scantiness, smallness. [Formed from קַלִּיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְלִימָטוֹלוֹג m.n. FW climatologist. [Compounded of Gk. klima, gen. klimatos (= climate), and logos. See קְלִינִיקָה and לוֹגוֹס.]

קְלִימָטוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW climatology. [See קְלִימָטוֹלוֹג and suff. ◌יָה.]

קְלִימַקְס m.n. FW climax. [Gk. klimax (= ladder; Lit.: ‘something sloping, something leading up by degrees’), from the stem of klinein (= to cause to slope, slant, incline, bend). See קְלִינִיקָה.]

קְלִיֶּנְט m.n. FW client. [Fren. client, from L. cliēns (= retainer, follower, dependent lit.: ‘one who leans on another’), from IE base * k̂lei– (= to lean, incline), whence also L. - clināre (= to bend, turn). See קְלִינִיקָה. For the ending of קְלִיֶּנְט see suff. ‘-ent’ in my CEDEL.]

קְלִינִי adj. FW clinical. [Back formation from קְלִינִיקָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

קְלִינִיקָה f.n. FW clinic. [From Gk. klinikos (= a physician who attends patients in their beds), from the adj. klinikos (= pertaining to a bed), from kline (= bed), which is related to klinein (= to cause to slope, slant, incline, bend), klima (= inclination, slope, region), klimax (= ladder), from IE base * k̂lei- (= to incline, lean). See ‘lean’ (to incline) in my CEDEL and cp. ‘clinical’ ibid. and words there referred to. cp. also קְלִיֶּנְט, קְלִימַקְס, טְרַקְלִין.]

קָלִֽיעַ m.n. NH missile, bullet. [From קלע ᴵ.]

קְלִיעָה ᴵ f.n. MH throwing, shooting at a target. [Verbal n. of קָלַע. See קלע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְלִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH twisting, plaiting. [Verbal n. of קָלַע. See קלע ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָלִיף adj. NH peelable. [Coined from קלף (= to peel), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

קְלִיפָה f.n. PBH peeling. [Verbal n. of קָלַף. See קלף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְלִיק m.n. FW click. [Eng., of imitative origin. cp. Dutch klikken and Eng. clack and clink (= to click). cp. also קְלִיקָה and קְלִישֶׁה.]

קְלִיקָה f.n. FW clique. [Fren., from Old Fren. cliquer (= to make a noise), which is of imitative origin. cp. קֽלִיק.]

קְלִישֶׁה f.n. FW cliché. [Fren., properly p. part. of clicher (= to stereotype), which is of imitative origin. cp. קֽלִיק.]

קְלִישָׁה f.n. MH rarefaction. [Verbal n. of קָלַשׁ. See קלשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְלִישׁוּת f.n. PBH 1 thinness, rareness. NH 2 superficiality. [Formed from קָלוּשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קלל to be light, be slight; to be swift; to be lightly esteemed, be despised.
    — Qal - קַל 1 was slight, abated; 2 was swift; 3 was of little account, was lightly esteemed, was despised.
    — Niph. - נָקֵל 1 was light; 2 was swift; 3 was lightly esteemed, was despised.
    — Pi. - קִלֵּל he cursed.
    — Pu. - קֻלַּל was cursed.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַלֵּל was cursed.
    — Hiph. - הֵקֵל 1 he made light, lightened (weight); 2 eased; PBH 3 he was lenient; 4 he alleviated, relieved; 5 he was esteemed lightly, despised, treated with contempt; PBH 6 he was lenient.
    — Hoph. - הוּקַל NH 1 became light, was lightened; PBH 2 was alleviated, was relieved; PBH 3 was lessened; MH 4 became swift.
    — Pilp. - (see קלקל ᴵ and קלקל ᴵᴵ). [Related to Aram. קלל, Syr. קֵל, Arab. qalla, Ethiop. qalala (= was light, was slight; was swift), OSArab. קללם (= scanty). The orig. meaning of base קלל is ‘to belittle’, ‘to slight’. The meaning ‘to curse’ is secondary. cp. קלה ᴵ. cp. also קלל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קַל, קֹל, קֻלָּה, קַלִּיל, קֶלֶל, קֽלָלָה, קַלְּלָן, קְלוֹקֵל, הֶקֵּל, הֲקֵלָּה, הֲקָלָה, מֵקֵל, מְקֻלָּל, נָקֵל, קִיקְלָא.

קָלָל ᴵ adj. glittering, burnished (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 1:7 and Dan. 10:6 in the phrase נֽחֹשֶת קָלָל, ‘burnished brass’. [Of unknown etymology.]

קָלָל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH large jug, pitcher. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קוּלְתָא, whence Arab. qulla (= jug, pitcher). The etymology of these words is uncertain.]

קְלָלָה f.n. 1 curse. 2 calamity, evil. [Formed from קלל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַלְּלָן m.n. MH adj. curser, reviler. [Formed from קִלֵּל, Pi. of קלל, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קָלַמְבּוּר m.n. FW calembour. [Fren. calembour, of uncertain origin.]

קַלְמִית f.n. NH shepherd’s pie. [From Gk. kalamos (= reed). See קַלְמָרִין.]

קְלֶמֶנְטִינָה f.n. FW tangerine. [From L. clemens, gen. clementis (= mild, calm, soft, gentle, merciful, forbearing, indulging).]

קַלְמָר m.n. NH pen case, pencil case. [Back formation from קַלְמָרִין, which was misconceived as a plural. cp. פְּסַנְתֵּר.]

קַלְמָרִין f.n. PBH (pl. קַלְמָרִיּוֹת) inkstand. [Gk. kalamarion, from kalamos (= reed pen, pen), from kalamos (= reed), which is prob. an assimilated form of orig. kolamos, and, accordingly, cogn. with L. culmus (= stock, stem). See ‘culm’ (stem of grasses) in my CEDEL, and cp. קַלְמִית.]

קָלֶנְדָּא, קָלֶנְדָּס f.n. PBH calends, kalends. [L. calendae, kalendae (= the first day of the month), from calāre (= to proclaim), which is related to L. calātō (= thou shalt, or he shall, call), and cogn. with Gk. kaleo (= I call), etc. All these words are derivatives of the IE imitative base * kel–, * kal– (= to shout, resound). cp. קְלַסִּי, קְלַרְנִית, רֶקְלָמָה.]

קלס ᴵ to mock, scorn, scoff, deride.
    — Pi. - קִלֵּס he mocked, scorned, scoffed, derided (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 16:31 in the inf. לְקַלֵּס).
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַלֵּס he mocked, derided (in the Bible occurring only Kin. II 2:23, Ezek. 22:5, and Hab. 1:10). [Prob. related to Ugar. qlṣ (= to scoff, mock). The orig. meaning of this base prob. was ‘to stamp with one’s feet’. See קלס ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קֶלֶס ᴵ, קַלָּסָה, קִלּוס ᴵ, הִתְקַלְּסוּת.

קלס ᴵᴵ to praise, laud.
    — Pi. - קִלֵּס he praised, lauded.
    — Pu. - קֻלַּס was praised, was lauded.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַלֵּס he prided himself, boasted. [Prob. derived from Gk. kalōs (= beautifully), adv. of kalos (= beautiful), which is cogn. with Old I. kalyaḥ (= healthy). cp. the first element in קַלִּיגֽרָף and קָלֵידוֹסְקוֹפּ. For another, less probable derivation of this base, see קלס ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קֶלֶס ᴵᴵ, קִלּוּס ᴵᴵ, מֽקֻלָּס ᴵ.

קלס ᴵᴵᴵ to stamp with one’s feet.
    — Pi. - קִלֵּס he stamped with his feet. [Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars the bases קלס ᴵ and קלס ᴵᴵ are derivatively identical with קלס ᴵᴵᴵ. The orig. meaning ‘to stamp with one’s feet’, would have developed into ‘to mock, scorn, scoff, deride’, (see קלס ᴵ) on the one hand, and into ‘to praise, laud’, on the other.]

קֶֽלֶס ᴵ m.n. mockery, scorn, derision (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 20:8 and Ps. 44:14). [From קלס ᴵ.]

קֶֽלֶס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH praise. [From קלס ᴵᴵ.]

קַלָּסָה f.n. mockery, scorn, derision (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 22:4). [Formed from קלס ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְלַסְטָר m.n. PBH (pl. קְלַסֽטָרִין) fodder bag. [Metathesized from קֽרַסְטַל, from Gk. kartallos (= basket with pointed bottom), which derives from a verb meaning ‘to twist, plait’.]

קְלַסִּי adj. FW classic, classical. [Back formation from L classicus (= relating to the classes of the Roman people; esp. relating to the first class), from classis (= army, fleet, class, division; esp. ‘one of the six classes of the Roman people’), which prob. stands for * clad-t-is and is related to calāre (= to call, proclaim). See קָלֶנְדָּא. For the ending of קְלַסִּי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קְלַסִּיּוּת.

קְלַסִּיּוּת f.n. FW classicism. [Formed from קֽלַסִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְלַסִּיצִיזְם m.n. FW classicism. [Formed from L. classicus (see קֽלַסִּי) with suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

קְלַסִּיפִיקַצֽיָה f.n. FW classification. [Formed from fictitious L. classificāre, from L. classis (= class). See קְלַסִּי and suff. ◌פִיקַצְיָה.]

קְלַסְתֵּר m.n. PBH countenance, physiognomy. [Of uncertain origin.] Derivative: קְלַסְתֵּרוֹן.

קְלַסְתְּרוֹן m.n. NH photo fit, identikit, composite reconstruction. [Formed from קְלַסְתֵּר with suff. ◌וֹן.]

קלע ᴵ to sling, hurl forth.
    — Qal - קָלַע 1 he slang, hurled forth, shot (in the Bible occurring only Jud. 20:16 and Jer. 10:18); MH 2 he threw at a mark.
    — Niph. - נִקְלַע MH 1 was thrown at a mark; NH 2 (after Aram. אִקְלַע) ‘he was thrown’, whence ‘he happened to come, came by chance’.
    — Pi. - קִלַּע he slung, hurled (in the Bible occurring only Sam. I 17:49 and 25:29).
    — Pu. - קֻלַּע was thrown, was shot at.
    — Nith. - נִתֽקַלַּע was thrown. [Denominated from קֶלַע ᴵ. cp. Aram.–Syr. קלע (of s.m.), which are also denominative.] Derivatives: קַלָּע, קִלּוּעַ, קָלִיעַ, קְלִיעָה ᴵ, קוֹלֵעַ, קַלְעָן, הִקָּלְעוּת, מַקְלֵעַ, מְקֻלָּע, מִקְלַעַת ᴵᴵ.

קלע ᴵᴵ to weave, plait, twist.
    — Qal - קָלַע he wove, plaited, twisted.
    — Niph. - נִקֽלַע was woven, was plaited, was twisted.
    — Pi. - קִלַּע he wove, plaited, twisted. [According to several scholars a special sense development of קלע ᴵ whose orig. meaning would have been ‘to sway, to waver’. cp. קֶלֶת.] Derivatives: קֶלַע ᴵᴵ, קָלוּעַ, קֽלִיעָה ᴵᴵ.

קלע ᴵᴵᴵ to cut out, carve (whence Syr. קֽעִילָתָא, ‘carved things’).
    — Qal - קָלַע he cut out, carved (in the Bible occurring only Kin. I 6:29 and 32:35). Derivative: מִקֽלַעַת ᴵ.

קֶֽלַע ᴵ m.n. 1 sling. NH 2 projectile, missile. [Related to JAram. קִלֽעָא, Syr. קֵלֽעָא, Arab. miqlā‘, Ethiop. maqlā (= sling), Arab. qala‘ (= large stones). cp. קלע ᴵ, which is denominated from קֶלַע ᴵ.]

קֶֽלַע ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. קֽלָעִים, also קְלָעוֹת) 1 curtain, hanging. PBH 2 sail. PBH 3 plait, twisted cord. [From קלע ᴵᴵ, whence also Aram. קְלַע, קִלְעָא (= sail), Arab. qil (= sail). cp. Egypt. qr‘w, Coptic jal (= shield).]

קַלָּע m.n. slinger, marksman (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 3:25 in the pl.). [Nomen opificis formed from קִלַּע, Pi. of קלע ᴵ, according to the pattern פַּעָל.] Derivative: קַלָּעוּת.

קַלָּעוּת f.n. NH marksmanship. [Formed from קַלָּע with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַלֽעָן m.n. NH marksman. [Formed from קָלַע (see קלע ᴵ) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: קַלֽעָנוּת.

קַלְעָנוּת f.n. NH marksmanship. [Formed from קַלְעָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קלף to scrape, peel, pare.
    — Qal - קָלַף he peeled.
    — Niph. - נִקְלַף was scraped, was peeled, was pared.
    — Pi. - קִלֵּף he scraped, he peeled, he pared.
    — Pu. - קֻלַּף was scraped, was peeled, was pared.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַלֵּף was peeled off.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽלִיף MH 1 he peeled; NH 2 it peeled off. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קֽלַף, Arab. qalafa, Akka. qalāpu (= to peel), qilpu, qulpu (= skin), quliftu (= scale of a fish). cp. קפל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קֽלָף, קֽלִפָּה, קֽלִיפָה, קָלוּף, קִלּוּף, קִלּוּפָה, קֽלוּפִית, קַלֽפָן, הִתֽקַלְּפוּת, מַקֽלֵף, מְקֻלָּף.

קְלָף m.n. PBH 1 parchment. NH 2 card, playing card. [From קָלַף. See קלף.] Derivative: קַלֽפָן.

קְלִפָּה f.n. (pl. קֽלִפּוֹת, also קְלִפִּים) PBH 1 peel, bark, cortex. PBH 2 husk, shell. MH 3 evil spirit. [Formed from קלף with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: קֽלִפָּתִי.

קְלֶפְּטוֹמָן m.n. FW kleptomaniac. [Back formation from קֽלֶפְּטוֹמַנְיָה.]

קְלֶפְּטוֹמַנְיָה f.n. FW kleptomania. [Medical L. kleptomania, coined from Gk. kleptes (= thief), and mania (= madness, frenzy). The first element derives from the stem of kleptein (= to steal), and is cogn. with L. clepere (= to steal). For the second element see מַנֽיָה.]

קַלְפֵּי f.n. PBH urn for drawing lots. [Gk. kalpe, a collateral form of kalpis (= pitcher, box, urn for drawing lots). Of uncertain origin.]

קַלְפָן m.n. NH gambler at cards. [Formed from קְלָף (= card, playing card), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: קַלֽפָנוּת.

קַלְפָנוּת f.n. NH gambling at cards. [Formed from קַלֽפָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְלִפָּתִי adj. NH cortical. [Formed from קְלִפָּה with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַלְצְיוּם m.n. FW calcium (chemistry). [Modern L. calcium, coined by the English chemist Sir Humphrey Davy (1788–1829) from L. calx (= limestone, lime, pebble), a loan word from Gk. chalix (= small stone, pebble), which prob. derives from IE * (s)q(h)eliq–, enlargement of base * (s)qel– (= to cut, cleave, split). See ‘colter’ in my CEDEL, and cp. קַלְקוּלַצֽיָה.]

קִלְקוּל m.n. NH 1 spoiling, damage. PBH 2 corruption, sin. [Verbal n. of קִלֽקֵל. See קלקל ᴵᴵ.]

קַלְקוּלַצְיָה f.n. FW calculation. [L. calculātiō (= reckoning, calculation), from calculātus, p. part. of calculāre (= to reckon, compute, calculate), from calculus (= a small stone, pebble, stone used in reckoning, reckoning), dimin. of calx (= small stone, pebble, stone used in gaming, counter). See קַלְצְיוּם and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קלקל ᴵ to throw, to shake.
    — Pilp. - קִלֽקֵל 1 he shook (in the phrase קִלְקֵל בַּחִצִּים, Ezek. 21:26, ‘he shook the arrows to and fro’, for the sake of divination); 2 he whetted.
    — Hithpalp. - הִתֽקַלְקֵל he moved to and fro (occurring only Jer. 4:24 in the phrase וֽכָל־הַגְּבָעוֹת הִתְקֵלְקָלוּ, ‘and all the hills moved to and fro’). [Pilpel of קלל in the sense ‘to be swift’. The orig. meaning of קלקל ᴵ was ‘he moved to and fro’.]

קלקל ᴵᴵ to spoil, damage.
    — Pilp. - קִלְקֵל 1 he spoiled, damaged; 2 he was corrupt, sinned, disgraced himself by immorality.
    — Pulp. - קֻלֽקַל was spoiled, was damaged. [Pilpel of קלל in the sense ‘to be lightly esteemed, be despised.] Derivatives: קִלֽקוּל, קַלֽקָלָה, הִתֽקַלֽקֽלוּת, מְקֻלְקָל.

קַלְקָלָה f.n. PBH spoiling, corruption, degradation, disgrace. [Formed from קִלֽקֵל (see קלקל ᴵᴵ) with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְלֶרִיקָל m.n. FW cleric. [L. clēricālis (= belonging to the clergy), from clēricus (= clerical), from Eccles. Gk. klerikos (= belonging to the clergy, clerical), from Gk. kleros (= little piece of wood lopped off, used for casting lots; hence ‘a casting of lots, allotment, portion’). Related to Gk. klan (= to break) from IE base * qel(ā)–, *qol(ā) (= a strike, beat, break). See ‘calamity’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to.] Derivative: קֽלָרִיקָלִי.

קְלֶרִיקָלִי adj. FW clerical. [Formed from קֽלֶרִיקָל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קֽלֶרִיקָלִיּוּת.

קְלֶרִיקָלִיּוּת f.n. FW clericalism. [Formed from קֽלֶרִיקָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְלַרְנִית f.n. NH clarinet. [Hebraized form of Fren. clarinette, dimin. formed from clarine (= bell), orig. f. of the adj. clarin (= clear), from L. clārus (= bright, shining, clear, plain, manifest, illustrious, famous, glorious), which stands for clā-rus, and is related to clā-māre (= to call, cry out, shout, declare). Both clā-rus and clā-māre derive from IE base * ƙlā-, var. of * kal- (= to shout, resound). See קָלֶנֽדָּא and cp. דֶּקְלָרַצְיָה.] Derivative: קֽלַרְנִיתָן.

קְלַרְנִיתָן m.n. NH clarinettist. [Formed from קֽלַרֽנִית with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קלשׁ to thin out, rarefy.
    — Qal - קָלַשׁ 1 he thinned out, rarefied; 2 he made weak, weakened; 3 became weak.
    — Niph. - נִקֽלַשׁ MH 1 was weakened; NH 2 was thinned out, was rarefied.
    — Pi. - קִלֵּשׁ MH 1 he thinned out, rarefied; NH 2 he made weak, weakened.
    — Nith. - נִתֽקַלֵּשׁ was thinned out, was rarefied.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽלִישׁ MH 1 he thinned out, rarefied; NH 2 was thinned out, was rarefied.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְלַשׁ was thinned out, was rarefied. [A base borrowed from Aram. קֽלַשׁ (= was thin), which is prob. related to חֲלַשׁ (= was weak). See חלשׁ ᴵ.] Derivatives: קָלוּשׁ, קִלּוּשׁ, קְלִישָׁה, הַקְלָשָׁה, הִקָּלְשׁוּת, הִתְקַלְשׁוּת. cp. קִלְּשׁוֹן.

קִלְּשׁוֹן m.n. (pl. קִלּֽשׁוֹנִים, also קִלּֽשׁוֹנוֹת) pronged fork (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 13:21). [Of uncertain origin, possibly derived from base קלשׁ. cp. Aram. קֻלְשׁוֹנִין (= pointed iron).]

קֶֽלֶת f.n. PBH basket. [From Gk. kalathos (= basket), which properly means ‘a plaited basket’, and is related to klothein (= to spin); see ‘Clotho’ in my CEDEL. Some scholars see in Gk. kalathos a word borrowed from Heb. קלע ᴵᴵ (= to twist, plait), so that, according to them, קֶלֶת would have been reborrowed into Hebrew.]

קָם m.n. enemy, foe, adversary. [Subst. use of the act. part. Qal of קום, and lit. meaning ‘one who rises against somebody’.]

קַמָּא adj. PBH first, former. [Aram., assimilated from קַדְמָא, קַדְמָאָה (of s.m.) from קְדַם (= he was before). See קדם and cp. קַדְמָא, קַדֽמָאִי.] Derivatives: קַמָּאוּת, קַמָּאִי.

קַמָּאוּת f.n. NH ancientness, antiquity. [Formed from קֵמָּא with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַמָּאִי adj. ancient, primitive. [Formed from קַמָּא with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַמְבְּיוּם m.n. FW cambium (botany). [Late L. cambium (= exchange), from cambiāre (= to change, exchange), which is a Gaulish loan word. See ‘change’ (v.) in my CEDEL.]

קָמָה f.n. standing corn. [Formed from קוּם (see קום) wsith first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַמְבָּ״ץ m.n. NH operations officer (army). [A contraction formed from the words קֽצִין מִבֽצָעִים (= lit.: ‘operations officer’).]

קִמּֽוּתַ m.n. MH sprinkling flour. [From קֶמַח (= flour).]

קָמוּט adj. PBH wrinkled. [Pass. part. of קָמַט. See קמט.] Derivative: קְמִיטוּת.

קִמּוּט m.n. MH wrinkling. [Verbal n. of קִמֵּט, Pi. of קמט.]

קָמוּל adj. NH 1 dried up, faded. MH 2 pressed. [Pass. part. of קָמַל. See קמל.]

קִמּוּם m.n. NH restoration. [Coined from קום.]

קֻמּוֹס see קוֹמוֹס.

קָמוּץ ᴵ adj. PBH closed (eye); clenched (fist). [Pass. part. of קָמַץ. See קמץ ᴵ.]

קָמוּץ ᴵᴵ adj. MH punctuated with a qamatz. [Pass. part. of קָמַץ. See קמץ ᴵᴵ.]

קִמּוּץ m.n. NH saving, thrift, economy. [Verbal n. of קִמֵּץ, Pi. of קמץ ᴵ.]

קָמוּר adj. PBH vaulted, arched, convex. [Pass. part. of קָמַר. See קמר.]

קִמּוּר m.n. MH vaulting, arching. [Verbal n. of קְמֵּר, Pi. of קמר.]

קִמּוֹשׂ m.n. (pl. קִמְשׂוֹנִים) (also spelt, less correctly, קִמּוֹשׁ) thorny weed, possibly ‘nettle’. [Of uncertain origin. Some scholars connect this word with Arab. qumāsh (= rubbish, garbage, refuse).]

קמז to be contracted, be shriveled.
    — Niph. - נִקְמַז was contracted, was shriveled. [Related to קמץ ᴵ and to Arab. qamaza (= he took with his fingertips).] Derivative: קָמִיז.

קֶֽמַח m.n. 1 flour, meal. 2 bread, food. PBH 3 powder. [Related to JAram. קִמְחָא, Syr. קַמֽחָא, Ugar. qmḥ (= flour), Arab. qamḥ (= wheat), Ethiop. qamḥ (= produce, food), Akka. kēmu, qēmu, whence Egypt qmḥ (= flour).] Derivatives: קמח, קַמָּח, קִמָּחוֹן, קִמְחִי, קַמֽחָן, קָמִיחַ. cp. קִמְחָא.

קמח to sprinkle flour.
    — Pi. - קִמַּח 1 he sprinkled flour; 2 he added flour.
    — Pu. - קֻמַּח 1 was sprinkled with flour; 2 flour was added.
    — Nith. - נִתְקַמַּח 1 was soiled with flour; 2 was ground into flour, became like flour.
    — Hiph. - הִקְמִיחַ 1 he added flour; 2 he turned into flour. [Denominated from קֶמַח.] Derivatives: קִמּוּחַ, הַקְמָחָה, מְקֻמָּח.

קַמָּח m.n. NH flour merchant. [Nomen opificis formed from קֶמַח (= flour), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

קִמְחָא m.n. PBH flour. Used in the phrases קִמְחָא דְפִסְחָא, alms given to the poor for Passover (lit.: ‘flour for Passover’), and קִמְחָא טְחִינָא טֽחַנֽתּֽ, ‘You have rehashed old ideas’ (lit.: ‘You have ground flour that had already been ground’). [Aram., (= Heb. קֶמַח) (q.v.).]

קִמָּחוֹן m.n. NH 1 mildew. 2 oidium (botany). [Formed from קֶֹמַח with suff. ◌וֹן.]

קִמְחִי adj. NH 1 floury, mealy. 2 flourlike, powdery. [Formed from קֶמַח with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַמְחָן m.n. NH flour merchant. [Formed from קֶמַח (= flour) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קמט to seize, grasp, snatch; to wrinkle, shrivel.
    — Qal - קָמַט 1 he seized, grasped (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 16:8 in the form וַתִּקֽמְטֵנִי); MH 2 he wrinkled, shriveled.
    — Niph. - נִקֽמַט 1 was pressed; 2 was wrinkled, was shriveled.
    — Pi. - קִמֵּט 1 he seized, snatched; 2 he folded, wrinkled.
    — Pu. - קֻמַּט 1 was seized, was snatched (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job. 22:16); PBH 2 was folded, was creased, was wrinkled.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַמֵּט became wrinkled. [Aram.–Syr. קֽמַט (= he seized, compressed), Arab. qamaṭa (= he bound together).] Derivatives: קֶמֶט, קַמֽטָן, קָמוּט, קִמּוּט, קָמִיט, קֽמִיטָה, הִתְקַמּֽטוּת, מֽקֻמָּט.

קֶֽמֶט m.n. PBH fold, crease, wrinkle. [From קמט.] Derivatives: קַמְטוּט, קִמֽטוֹן.

קֹֽמֶט m.n. PBH fold, crease, wrinkle. [A secondary form of קֶמֶט.]

קַמְטוּט m.n. NH a small fold, small wrinkle. [Dimin. formed from קֶמֶט through reduplication of the ט.]

קִמְטוֹן m.n. NH a small fold, small wrinkle. [Formed from קֶמֶט with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

קַמְטָן m.n. NH slowworm. [Formed from קֶמֶט (= fold, wrinkle), with suff. ◌ָן; so called in allusion to the two folds in its sides.]

קַמְטָר m.n. PBH chest, chest of drawers, box. [Aram. קַמֽטְרָא, from Gk. kamtra, kamptra, kampsa (= case, chest). cp. Syr. קַמֽטֽרִין (= case, box), which is borrowed from Gk. kamptrion, dimin. formed from kamptra. Arab. qamṭar is an Aram. loan word.]

קָמִיז adj. elastic. [From קמז.] Derivative: קֽמִיזוּת.

קְמִיזוּת f.n. NH elasticity. [Formed from קָמִיז with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָמִֽיחַ adj. NH tasting like flour, flourlike. [From קֶמַח (= flour). cp. Aram. קֽמִיחַ (= processed with flour).] Derivative: קֽמִיחוּת.

קְמִיחוּת f.n. NH flourlike taste. [Formed from קָמִיחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָמִיט adj. NH wrinkable, creasable. [Coined from קמט (= to wrinkle), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: קֽמִיטוּת.

קְמִיטָה f.n. NH 1 folding, creasing. 2 wrinkle. [Verbal n. of קָמַט. See קמט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְמִיטוּת f.n. NH being wrinkled, wrinkliness. [Formed from קָמוּט with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְמִילָה f.n. NH withering, fading. [Verbal n. of קָמַל. See קמל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָמִין m.n. PBH 1 furnace room. NH 2 oven, kiln. [From Gk. kaminos (= oven, furnace, kiln) — whence also L. camēnus (= forge, hearth) — which is related to kamara (= vaulted chamber). Both these words derive from IE base * qam–, *qem– (= to bend, vault), whence also קמר (q.v.).]

קָמֵֽיעַ m.n. PBH (pl. קְמֵיעִים, also קֽמֵיעוֹת) amulet. [Related to Aram. קֽמֵיעָא, Syr. קֽמִיעָא, Mand. קמאהא (= amulet), Arab. qama‘a (= he tamed, curbed, bridled).]

קְמֵיעָה f.n. MH amulet. [A secondary form of קָמֵיעַ.]

קְמִיצָה ᴵ f.n. PBH taking a handful of the meal offering. [Verbal n. of קָמַץ. See קמץ ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה. cp. קֽמִיצָה ᴵᴵ.]

קְמִיצָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH the finger next to the small finger. [Formed from קמץ ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה; hence derivatively identical with קְמִיצָה ᴵ.]

קְמִיצָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. MH punctuation or pronunciation with a qamatz. [Verbal n. of קָמַץ. See קמץ ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְמִיצוּת f.n. NH punctuation or pronunciation of a consonant with a qamatz. [Formed from קָמַץ (see קמץ ᴵᴵ) with suff. ◌וּת.]

קֽמִירָה f.n. MH vaulting, arching. [Verbal n. of קָמַר. See קמר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְמִירוּת f.n. NH being vaulted or arched, convexity. [Formed from קָמוּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

קמל to wither, fade, molder.
    — Qal - קָמַל 1 it withered, faded, moldered (in the Bible occurring only Is. 19:6 and 33:9); MH 2 he destroyed.
    — Niph. - נִקְמַל it withered, faded, perished.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽמִיל MH 1 he caused to wither, caused to fade; MH 2 he destroyed; NH 3 it withered, faded. [Related to Syr. קֽמַל (= it moldered, became moldy), Mand. קואנא[[illegible]] (= mold, moldiness), possibly also to Arab. qamila (= the thistle became black after the rain). cp. קוֹמָנִית.] Derivatives: קָמֵל, קֶמֶל, קָמוּל, קְמִילָה, קִמָּלוֹן.

קָמֵל adj. NH withered, faded. [From קמל.]

קֶֽמֶל m.n. NH withering, fading. [From קמל.]

קִמָּלוֹן m.n. NH fungus (disease in lemons). [Formed from קמל with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

קַמָ״ן m.n. NH intelligence officer (army). [A contraction formed from the words קֽצִין מוֹדִיעִין (= lit.: ‘intelligence officer’).]

קמע to bind, tie up.
    — Qal - קָמַע he bound, tied up.
    — Niph. - נִקְמַע was bound, was tied up.
    — Pi. - קִמַּע he bound, tied up. [Related to Aram. קְמַע (= he bound, tied up).]

קִמְעָה, קִמְעָא adv. PBH a little. [Aram. קִמְעָא; according to some scholars prob. related to Arab. qamā‘, qamā‘a (= smallness, littleness). It is more probable, however, that it derives from the v. קמע, equivalent of Heb. קמץ (= he took a handful). See קמץ ᴵ.] Derivatives: קִמֽעוֹנִי, קִמֽעוֹנַאי.

קִמְעוֹנַאי m.n. NH retail dealer, retailer. [Formed from קִמְעָה with suff. ◌אַי.]

קִמְעוֹנוּת f.n. NH retailing. [Formed from קִמֽעוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִמְעוֹנִי adj. NH retail. [Formed from קִמֽעָה with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

קַמְפּוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. קַמְפּוֹנוֹת) camp. [L. campus (= flat space, plain, field) — whence also It. campo (= camp), champ (= field, battlefield) — from IE base * qamp- (= to bend). cp. ‘camp’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.]

קַמְפוֹר m.n. FW camphor. [Fren. camphre, from L. camphora, from Arab. kāfūr, from Old I. kappūraḥ, assimilated from earlier karpū́raḥ.]

קמץ ᴵ to enclose with the hand, grasp, take a handful, to close, shut.
    — Qal - קָמַץ 1 he enclosed with the hand, grasped, took a handful, he closed, shut (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 2:2, 5:12, Num. 5:26); PBH 2 he pressed together, closed.
    — Niph. - נִקְמַץ PBH 1 was taken in handfuls; NH 2 was pressed together, was closed.
    — Pi. - קִמֵּץ 1 he enclosed with the hand, grasped, took a handful; 2 he collected; 3 he saved, spared, was parsimonious.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַמֵּץ MH 1 it shrank; NH 2 was saved, was spared.
    — Hiph. - הִקְמִיץ he enclosed with the hand, grasped, took a handful. [Base of קֹמֶץ (q.v.). Related to bases קבץ, כוץ, to Aram. קמע (see קִמְעָא) to Arab. qamaza (= he took with the fingertips; see קמז), and prob. also to Arab. kumza (= a small ball; see כּוּמָז).] Derivatives: קָמוּץ ᴵ, קִמּוּץ, קָמַץ (n.), קְמִיצָה ᴵ, קְמִיצָה ᴵᴵ, קַמְצוּץ ᴵᴵ, קַמְּצָן, הִתְקַמְּצוּת, מְקַמֵּץ.

קמץ ᴵᴵ to punctuate or pronounce a consonant with a qamatz.
    — Qal - קָמַץ he punctuated or pronounced a consonant with a qamatz.
    — Niph. - נִקְמַץ was punctuated or pronounced with a qamatz. [Denominated from קָמַץ (= qamatz).] Derivatives: קָמוּץ ᴵᴵ, קְמִיצָה ᴵᴵᴵ, קְמִיצוּת.

קֹֽמֶץ m.n. 1 a handful. PBH 2 a small quantity. [From קמץ ᴵ, whence also JAram. קֻמְצָא. cp. also Arab. qubḍa (= handful).] Derivative: קַמֽצוּץ.

קָמַץ m.n. MH (also spelt קָמֵץ) qamatz (◌ָ). [From קָמַץ; see קמץ ᴵ. Derivative: קַמְצוּת. cp. קַמְצָה, קַמְצָא.]

קַמְצָה, קַמְצָא f.n. MH qamatz. [Another form for קָמַץ (n.).]

קֻמְצָה, קֻמְצָא f.n. MH a handful. [A secondary form of קֹמֶץ.]

קַמְצוּץ m.n. NH a very small quantity. [Dimin. formed from קֹמֶץ through reduplication of the צ.]

קַמְצוּת f.n. MH punctuation or pronunciation of a consonant with a qamatz. [Formed from קָמַץ (n.), with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַמְּצָן m.n. PBH miser, stingy person. [Formed from קִמֵּץ, Pi. of קמץ ᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: קַמְּצָנוּת, קַמּֽצָנִי.

קַמְּצָנוּת f.n. MH miserliness, stinginess. [Formed from קַמּֽצָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַמְּצָנִי adj. NH miserly, stingy. [Formed from קַמּֽצָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קמר to vault, arch.
    — Qal - קָמַר he vaulted, arched.
    — Niph. - נִקְמַר was vaulted, was arched.
    — Pi. - קִמֵּר vaulted, arched, made convex.
    — Pu. - קֻמַּר was vaulted, was arched, was made convex.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַמֵּר became vaulted, became arched, became convexed.
    — Hiph. - הִקְמִיר he vaulted, arched, made convex. [Back formation from Gk. kamara (= vault, arched roof, arch), which is related to kaminos (= furnace), and cogn. with L. camur, camurus (= curved), from IE base * qam–, *qem– (= to bend, vault). cp. קָמִין. cp. also קָמֶרִי.] Derivatives: קֶמֶר, קִמֽרוֹן, קִמֹּרֶת, קָמוּר, קִמּוּר, קְמִירָה, מִקֽמָר, הִתְקַמְּרוּת, מְקֻמָּר, מִקְמֶרֶת.

קֶֽמֶר m.n. NH anticline. [From קמר.]

קִמְרוֹן m.n. NH (pl. קִמְרוֹנוֹת, also קִמְרוֹנִים) vault, dome. [Formed from קמר with suff. ◌וֹן.]

קָמֶרִי adj. FW chamber (adj.). [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from L. camera (= vault, vaulted chamber). See קמר.]

קִמֹּֽרֶת f.n. NH 1 vaulted roof. 2 anticline. [Formed from קמר with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קִמְשׂוֹן, קִמְשׁוֹן m.n. thorny weed. [Back formation from קִמְשׂנִים (Pr. 24:31), regarded as pl. of קִמֽשׂנ. However, in reality קִמְשׂנִים is the pl. of קִמֹּשׂ (see קִמּוֹשׂ).]

קֵן m.n. 1 nest. 2 cell, chamber. PBH 3 birds in a nest. 4 bird offering, a couple of birds offered as a sacrifice. [From קנן. cp. Aram. קִנָּא, Syr. קֶנָּא (= nest), Akka. qinnu (= nest, family). cp. also קִנָּה.]

קנא to be jealous; to be zealous; to be envious.
    — Pi. - קִנֵּא 1 was jealous; 2 was zealous; 3 was envious; 4 he suspected (his wife) of adultery.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַנֵּא 1 was jealous; 2 was envious.
    — Hiph. - הִקְנִיא he excited one’s jealousy. [Related to JAram. and Syr. קַנֵּא, Ethiop. qan’a (= was jealous, was zealous), Ugar. qn’ (= to have zeal), iqnu (= I am zealous), and prob. also with Arab. qana’a (= became or was intensely red).] Derivatives: קַנָּא, קִנְאָה, קַנַּאי, קַנָּאִי, קַנְאָן, קִנּוּי.

קַנָּא adj. jealous (said only of God; with reference to man the adj. קַנַּאי is used). [From קנא. cp. קַנּוֹא.] Derivatives: קַנָּאוּת, קַנָּאִי.

קִנְאָה f.n. 1 jealousy. 2 envy. 3 zeal, zealousness. 4 anger; object of anger. 5 passion. [Formed from קנא with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Syr. קֶנֵאתָא (= zeal, zealousness).]

קַנָּאוּת f.n. MH fanaticism. [Formed from קַנָּא with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַנַּאי m.n. PBH 1 zealot, fanatic. 2 a jealous person. [A secondary form of קַנָּא.]

קַנָּאִי adj. NH zealous, jealous. [Formed from קַנָּא with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַנְאָן adj. filled with envy. [Formed from קנא with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. קַנְאֲתָן.] Derivative: קַנְאָנוּת.

קַנְאָנוּת f.n. NH being filled with envy, enviousness. [Formed from קַנְאָן with suff. ◌וּת. cp. קַנְאֲתָנוּת.]

קַנְאֲתָן adj. PBH filled with envy. [A secondary form of קַנֽאָן.] Derivatives: קַנְאֲתָנוּת, קַנְאֲתָנִי.

קַנְאֲתָנוּת f.n. NH being filled with envy. [Formed from קַנְאֲתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַנְאֲתָנִי adj. NH filled with envy, enviousness. [Formed from קַנְאֲתָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קנב to trim, smooth off, to remove superfluous leaves.
    — Pi. - קִנֵּב 1 he trimmed, smoothed off; 2 he removed superfluous leaves from vegetables.
    — Pu. - קֻנַּב was trimmed, was smoothed off. [Related to, or more prob. borrowed from, Aram. קְנַב (= he trimmed, smoothed off), which is related to Arab. qanaba (= he pruned the vine).] Derivatives: קְנֹבֶת, קְנִיבָה, קִנּוּב, מַקְנֵב.

קַנַּבּוֹס m.n. PBH Cannabis indica, hemp. [Gk. kannabos, kannabis (= hemp), whence also Syr. קַנְבָּא, whence Arab. qunnab, qinnab. cp. ‘hemp’ in my CEDEL.]

קְנֹֽבֶת f.n. PBH trimmed leaves. [Formed from קנב with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קֶנְגּוּרוּ m.n. FW kangaroo. [Australian native name.]

קַנְדִּידָט m.n. FW candidate. [L. candidātus (= one aspiring to office), properly p. part, candidāre (= to make bright or white), from candidus (= glowing, white); so called because a candidate for office was clothed in a white toga. L. candidus derives from candēre (= to shine, glow, be white), which is cogn. with Gk. kandaros (= glowing coal), etc. All these words derive from IE base * (s)qand-, * (s)qend- (= to shine, glow). cp. ‘candid’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.]

קַנְדִּידָטוּרָה f.n. FW candidature. [See קַנְדִּידָט and suff. ‘–ure’ in my CEDEL.]

קנדס to be frolicsome.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַנְדֵּס he played practical jokes. [Back formation from קוּנֽדֵּס.]

קנה to create; to acquire, get; to buy; to possess, own; to acquire possession (by a symbolic act).
    — Qal - קָנָה 1 he created (said only of God); 2 he acquired, got; 3 he possessed, owned; PBH 4 he acquired possession (by a symbolic act).
    — Niph. - נִקְנָה 1 was bought, was possessed (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 32:15 and 43); PBH 2 was acquired.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽנָה 1 he acquired by purchase (in the Bible occurring only Zech. 13:5). [Related to Aram. (also BAram.) and Syr. קְנָא (= he acquired), Ugar. qny (= he created, produced), Phoen. קני (= to acquire), Arab. qanā (= he acquired, appropriated, made his own, possess, own), Ethiop. qanaya (= he acquired), OSArab. קני (= to acquire, possess), and prob. also qanū (= to acquire, to earn). Some scholars derive קנה from קָנֶה (= beam of scales) and refer to Aram.–Syr. זְבַן (= he bought), which was prob. borrowed from Akka. zibānitu (= balance, pair of scales); see זבן. For the sense development of קנה (= to acquire; to buy), cp. לקח (= to take, to buy).] Derivatives: קוֹנֶה, קָנוּי, קְנִיָּה, קִנְיָן, קַנְיָן, הַקְנָאָה, הַקְנָיָה, מִקְנֶה, מִקְנָה.

קָנֶה m.n. 1 stalk. 2 reed. 3 cane. 4 beam of scales. 5 shaft of lampstand. 6 arm of lampstand. 7 length of a reed (about 6 cubits; prob. borrowed from Akka. qanū). PBH 7 windpipe. [Related to Phoen. קנא, JAram. and Syr. קַנְיָא, Arab. qanā, qanā (= spear shaft), Ethiop. qanōt (= goad), Akka. qanū (= reed). Gk. kanna, whence L. canna (= reed, cane, small vessel, tube), are also Sem. loan words. cp. קֶנֶת.]

קִנָּה f.n. PBH nest. [A secondary form of קֵן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַנּוֹא adj. jealous (said only of God); occurring only Josh. 24:19 and Nah. 1:2). [A secondary form of קַנָּא.]

קִנּוּב m.n. MH trimming (of leaves). [Verbal n. of קִנֵּב, Pi. of קנב.]

קִנּֽוּחַ m.n. PBH cleaning, wiping. [Verbal n. of קִנַּח, Pi. of קנח.]

קָנוּט adj. MH annoyed, angry. [Pass. part. of קָנַט. See קנט.]

קָנוּי adj. PBH acquired. [Pass. part. of קָנָה. See קנה.]

קִנּוּי m.n. PBH manifestation of a husband’s jealousy to a wife suspected of adultery. [Verbal n. of קִנֵּא, Pi. of קנא.]

קִנּוּן m.n. NH building a nest, nesting, nidification. [Verbal n. of קִנֵּן, Pi. of קנן.]

קָנוֹן ᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. קְנוֹנִים) wicker basket. [Gk. kanoun (= basket of reed or cane), from kanna (= reed). See קָנֶה and cp. קָנוֹן ᴵᴵ.]

קָנוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH canon. [L. canōn (= a measuring line, rule), from Gk. kanen (= rod, bar, ruler, rule, model), from kanna (= reed). See קָנֶה and cp. קָנוֹן ᴵ.]

קְנוּנְיָה f.n. PBH conspiracy to divide the profit in a fraudulent way, collusion. [Gk. koinonia (= communion, association, partnership, from koinos (= common, public, general), which prob. stands for * kom-ios, a compound prob. formed from * kom– (= with), which is cogn. with L. com–, cum (= with; see קוֹמְ◌), and from a derivative of IE base yó– (= going; see טְרַנְזִיט). Accordingly koinos lit. means ‘that which goes together’. For the formation of the word, cp. Gk. xynos (of s.m.), which stands for xyn-ios, from xyn (= with), and – ios (= that which goes). cp. L. comes (= companion), for com-es (= lit.: he who goes with somebody), from com- (= with, together), and the stem of īre (= to go).]

קְנוֹקֶֽנֶת f.n. PBH a thin branch, tendril. [Formed from קָנֶה through reduplication of the first two radicals. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

קנח to wipe off, cleanse.
    — Pu. - קֻנַּח was wiped off, was cleansed.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַנַּח PBH 1 was wiped off, was cleansed; 2 he wiped himself. [Related to JAram. קַנַּח (= he cleansed, wiped).] Derivatives: קִנּוּחַ, הִתְקַנְּחוּת, מְקֻנָּח.

קנט to annoy, vex, make angry.
    — Hiph. - הִקְנִיט he annoyed, vexed, made angry.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽנַט was annoyed, was vexed, was made angry. [Related to Aram. קְנַט (= he loathed), Syr. קְנַט (= he feared, shrank from), Arab. qanuṭa (= he despaired), and prob. also to Akka. galātu (= to fear). Prob. related also to the base קוט (q.v.).] Derivatives: קָנֵט, קָנוּט, קְנִיטָה, הַקְנָטָה, מֻקְנָט.

קָנֵט adj. PBH contemptible, mean. [From קנט. cp. קָנוּט.]

קַנְטוֹן m.n. FW canton. [Fren. canton, properly ‘corner of land’, from It. cantone, augmentation of canto (= corner).]

קִנְטוּר m.n. PBH annoyance, vexation, irritation. [Verbal n. of קִנֽטֵר. See קנטר.]

קַנְטָטָה f.n. FW cantata (music). [It. cantata (= lit.: ‘that which is sung’), from cantare (= to sing), from L. cantāre, frequentative of canere (= to sing). See ‘cant’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to. cp. דִּיסְקַנֽט, קוֹנְצֶרְט. cp. also שַׁנְטָז׳.]

קַנְטִינָה f.n. FW canteen. [It. cantina — whence also Fren. cantine, whence Eng. canteen — (= wine cellar, cantina), which is of Gaulish origin.]

קנטר (also קנתר) to annoy, vex, anger.
    — Pi. - קִנֽטֵר, קִנְתֵּר he annoyed, vexed, angered.
    — Nith. - נִתְקַנֽטֵר, נִתֽקַנְתֵּר was annoyed, was vexed, was angered. [From Gk. kentroun (= to strike with a goad), which derives from kentron (= point, prickle, spike, ox goad, point round which a circle is described). See צֶנְטְרָלִיזְם.] Derivatives: קִנְטוֹּר, קַנֽטְרָן, מְקֻנְטָר. cp. קַנֽטָר ᴵ.

קַנְטָר ᴵ m.n. PBH auger, rod, pole. [Gk. kentron (= point, prickle, spike, ox goad). See קנטר.]

קַנְטָר ᴵᴵ see קוֹנְטָר and cp. דֶּצֶנְטְרָלִיזַצְיָה.

קַנְטְרָן adj. & m.n. PBH vexing, quarrelsome. [Formed from קִנְטֵר (see קנטר) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: קַנְטְרָנוּת, קַנְטְרָנִי.

קַנְטְרָנוּת f.n. annoyance, vexation, quarrelsomeness. [Formed from קַנְטְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַנְטְרָנִי adj. NH vexing, quarrelsome, annoying. [Formed from קַנְטְדָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קָנִיבָּל m.n. FW cannibal. [Sp. canibal, a secondary form of caribal, from Carib galibi (= Caribs, Caribbeans; lit.: ‘strong men’); so called because the Caribs were eaters of human flesh. The word canibal was influenced in form by Sp. can (= dog), from L. canis.] Derivative: קָנִיבָּלִיּוּת.

קָנִיבָּלִיּוּת f.n. FW cannibalism. [Formed from קָנִיבָּל with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְנִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 acquiring, acquisition. MH 2 purchase. [Verbal n. of קָנָה. See קנה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַנְיוֹן m.n. FW canyon. [Sp. cañón (= deep, hollow, gorge), augment. of caño (= tube), from L. canna (= reed, cane, tube). See קָנֶה.]

קְנִיטָה f.n. MH annoying, vexing. [Verbal n. of קָנַט. See קנט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִנְיָן m.n. 1 a thing acquired, acquisition. 2 buying, purchase. MH 3 property. 4 creature. PBH 5 acquisition of ownership by a symbolic act. [From קנה.]

קַנְיָן m.n. NH buyer, purchasing agent. [Formed from קנה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: קַנֽיָנוּת.

קַנְיָנוּת f.n. NH purchasing. [Formed from קַנֽיָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְנִיסָה f.n. MH imposition of fine. [Verbal n. of קָנַס. See קנס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָנֹם adj. NH cinnamon color. [Back formation from קִנָּמוֹן; formed on the analogy of אָדֹם (= red), יָדֹק (= green), etc.]

קִנָּמוֹן m.n. (pl. קִנְמוֹנָים) cinnamon. [A word of foreign origin. Gk. kinnamonon is a Heb. loan word. The Greek word has been altered from orig. kinnamonon, prob. under the influence of Gk. amomon, a spice plant.] Derivatives: קָנֹם, קִנְמוֹנִי.

קִנְמוֹנִי adj. NH of cinnamon, cinnamon (adj.). [Formed from קִנָּמוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קנן to build a nest, nestle.
    — Pi. - קִנֵּן 1 he built a nest, nested; PBH 2 he settled.
    — Pu. - קֻנַּן was nestled (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 22:23). [Base of קִן (q.v.).]

קנס to fine, impose a penalty.
    — Qal - קָנַס 1 he fined, imposed a penalty; 2 he punished.
    — Niph. - נִקְנַס MH 1 was fined; PBH 2 was punished.
    — Nith. - נִתְקַנֵּס was punished, was condemned. [Denominated from קְנָס.] Derivative: קְנִיסָה.

קְנָס m.n. PBH (pl. קְנָסוֹת) fine, penalty. [Gk. kensos, from L. cēnsus (= rating of property, registration of citizens and their property), from cēnsēre (= to reckon, assess, estimate, value, dim, judge).] Derivative: קנס. cp. קְנָסָא.

קְנָסָא m.n. PBH fine, penalty. [Aram. equivalent of Heb. קֽנָס.]

קֵֽנֶץ m.n. a word occurring only Job 18:2 in the phrase קִנְצֵי לֽמִלִּין, which prob. means ‘when will you put an end to words?’, so that קִנֽצֵי would be a secondary form of קִצֵּי, c. st. pl. of קִץ (= end).]

קִנְקָל m.n. PBH (also קַנְקִיל) 1 perforated vessel (for fumigation). 2 network, latticework. [Gk. kinklis, of uncertain etymology.]

קַנְקַן m.n. PBH 1 jar. 2 colter, plowshare. [Related to Aram. קַנְקַנָּא, Ugar. knkn. These words are prob. borrowed from Akka. kankannu (of s.m.), a Sumerian loan word. cp. קַנְקַנָּה.]

קַנְקַנָּה f.n. PBH jar. [A secondary form of קַנְקַן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַנֽקַנְתּוּם (also spelt קַלְקַנֽתּוֹס) vitriol. [Assimilated from Gk. chalkanthos (= solution of blue vitriol), which is compounded of chalkos (= copper), and anthos (= flower). For the second element see אַנֽטִילוֹפָּה.]

קִנְרֵס m.n. PBH artichoke. [Gk. kinara, a foreign word of unknown origin.]

קֶֽנֶת f.n. PBH handle, helve. [Prob. derived from קָנֶה (= stalk, reed, cane), and not related to קַת (= handle, helve).]

קַנְתֵּל m.n. PBH saddlebag, pannier. [Gk. kanthelia (= panniers at the sides of a packsaddle), which is of uncertain origin.]

קנתר see קנטר.

קַנְתְּרָן see קַנְטְרָן.

קַסְבָּה f.n. FW casbah. [Fren., from Arab. qaṣbah, qaṣabah (= African castle; the section of the city surrounding the castle).]

קַסְדָּה f.n. PBH helmet. [From L. cassis, gen. cassidis, which prob. stands for * kadh-tis, from IE * kadh– (= to guard, watch), whence also Old Eng. hōd, hood, haett (= hat). See ‘hood’ and ‘hat’ in my CEDEL.]

קַסְוָה f.n. PBH a vessel for libation. [A secondary form of קַשְׂוָה (q.v.).]

קָסוּם adj. NH bewitched, charmed, enchanted. [Pass. part. of קָסַם. See קסם.]

קִסּוּם m.n. MH bewitching, charming, enchantment. [Pi. of קִסֵּם, Pi. of קסם.]

קַסְטְלִין m.n. PBH (pl. קַסְטֶלִים, also קַסֽטְלִיוֹת) castle. [L. castellum (= citadel, fortress, stronghold), dimin. of castrum (= fortified place, fort, castle).]

קַסְטְרָה f.n. PBH (pl. קֵסְטְרָאוֹת) fortification. [L. castra. See קַצְרָה.]

קַסְיָה f.n. PBH 1 cover. 2 glove. [In the sense ‘cover’ prob. derived from L. cassis (see קַסְדָּה). In the sense ‘glove’ prob. a secondary form of כְּסָיָה.]

קְסִיִלוֹפוֹן m.n. FW xylophone. [Compounded of Gk. xylon (= wood), which is of uncertain origin, and phone (= voice). See פוֹנֶטִיקָה. cp. פִּירוֹקֽסִילִין.]

קְסִימָה f.n. MH bewitching, charming, enchantment. [Verbal n. of קָסַם. See קסם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קסם to practice divination.
    — Qal - קָסַם 1 he practiced divination; 2 he bewitched, charmed, enchanted, fascinated.
    — Niph. - נִקְסַם was bewitched, was charmed, was enchanted, was fascinated.
    — Pi. - קִסֵּם he practiced witchcraft, charmed.
    — Pu. - קֻסַּם was bewitched, was charmed.
    — Hiph. - הִקְסִים he bewitched, charmed, captivated.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְסַם he was bewitched, was charmed, was captivated. [The orig. meaning was ‘to cut, break, divide, distribute’, whence Arab. qasama (= he divided, distributed, apportioned; esp. ‘he divided by drawing lots at the sanctuary’), istaqsama (= he got a part allotted to himself), aqsama (= he swore), qisma (= portion, lot, fate), whence Turkish qismet (= fate), Aram. קְסַם, Syr. קצם (the צ is due to assimilation), Ethiop. qasama (= he practiced divination), Palm. קסמא (= divination), OSArab. מקשׂם (= divination by lots). See ‘kismet’ in my CEDEL. See also קִיסָם.] Derivatives: קֶסֶם, קַסָּם, קוֹסֵם, קִסּוּם, קְסִימָה, קַסְמָן, הַקְסָמָה, מַקְסִים, מִקְסָם, מֻקְסָם, מְקֻסָּם.

קֶֽסֶם m.n. divination, magic. [From קסם.]

קֵסָם see קֵיסָם.

קַסָּם m.n. PBH diviner, charmer, magician, sorcerer. [Nomen opificis from קִסֵּם, Pi. of קסם, according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. קַסְמָן.]

קַסְמָן m.n. NH diviner, charmer, magician, sorcerer. [Formed from קסם with agential suff. ◌ָן. For the difference in meaning between קַסָּם and קַסְמָן see suff. ◌ָן ᴵᴵ.]

קְסֶנוֹן m.n. FW xenon (chemistry). [Modern L. xenon (= lit.: ‘the strange’, i.e. rare element), from Gk. xenon, neuter of xenos (= stranger), which is of uncertain origin. Coined by the discoverers of this element, the Scottish chemist Sir William Ramsay and the English chemist Morris William Travers in 1898. cp. נֵיאוֹן, קְרִיפְטוֹן.]

קסם ᴵ to munch, chew.
    — Qal - קָסַס he munched, chewed.
    — Pol. - קוֹסֵס he destroyed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 17:9). [Prob. a secondary form of כסס ᴵ.]

קסס ᴵᴵ to become sour.
    — Qal - קָסַס became sour. [Of unknown origin.]

קֽסָסָה f.n. PBH lump of earth, clod. [A secondary form of קוֹזָזָה.]

קסר to enthrone.
    — Pi. - קִסֵּר he enthroned.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַסֵּר was enthroned. [Back formation from קֵיסָר.]

קְסַרְקָט, קְסַרְקְטִין m.n. NH resp. PBH barracks. [L. exercitus (= army; lit.: ‘exercised body of men’), from exercitus, p. part. of exercēre (= to drive animals out of an enclosure), whence ‘to drive on, drill, train, practice’, from ex (= out of), and arcēre (= to enclose), from arca (= chest, box). See אֶקְס and אוֹטַרְקְיָה.]

קֶֽסֶת f.n. (pl. קֽסָתוֹת) inkstand (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 9:2, 3 and 11). [Usually connected with קַשֽׁוָה (q.v.). Some scholars, however, regard it as a loan word from Egypt. gshtj (= writer’s palette).]

קֹֽסֶת f.n. PBH (pl. קְסָתוֹת) roof, cover. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from קסי, כסי (= to cover).]

קָעוּר adj. NH concave. [From קער.] Derivatives: קֽעִירוּת, קִעָרוֹן.

קִעוּר m.n. MH concavity. [From קער.]

קְעִירוּת f.n. NH concavity. [Formed from קָעוּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִעְקֽוּעַ ᴵ m.n. NH 1 tattooing. 2 undermining, destruction. [Verbal n. of קִעְקַע. See קעקע ᴵ.]

קִעְקֽוּעַ ᴵᴵ m.n. MH 1 cackling. 2 noise. [Verbal n. of קִעְקַע. See קעקע ᴵᴵ.]

קַעֲקַע m.n. tattoo (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 19:28). [Of uncertain origin; possibly formed through reduplication of base קוע (= to dig deep, deepen), appearing also in Arab. qā‘ (= plain, lowland, bottom).] Derivative: קעקע ᴵ.

קעקע ᴵ to tattoo; to undermine, destroy.
    — Pilp. - קִעְקַע 1 he tattooed; 2 he undermined, destroyed.
    — Pulp. - קֻעְקַע 1 was tatooed; 2 was undermined, was destroyed.
    — Hithpalp. - הִתְקַעְקַע was undermined, was destroyed. [Denominated from קַעֲקַע.] Derivative: קִעְקוּעַ ᴵ.

קעקע ᴵᴵ to cackle.
    — Pilp. - קִעֽקַע it (or he) cackled. [Of imitative origin.] Derivative: קִעֽקוּעַ ᴵᴵ.

קער to be deep, be concave.
    — Niph. - נִקְעַר was hollowed out, was made concave.
    — Pi. - קִעֵר he hollowed out, made concave.
    — Pu. - קֹעַר was hollowed out, was made concave.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַעֵר became concave. [Base of קְעָרָה and שְׁקַעֲרוּרָה. Related to Arab. qa‘ura (= was deep — said of a well), qa‘ir (= deep — said of a well or a bowl), Nab. קער (= to hollow), Syr. מֽקַעַר (= concave). cp. קַרֽקַע.] Derivatives: קַעַר, קֹעַר, קָעוּר, קִעוּר, קַעֲרוּרִי, קְעֹרֶת, הִתֽקַעֲרוּת, מֽקֹעָר.

קַֽעַר, קְֹעַר m.n. NH concavity. [From קער.]

קֽעָרָה f.n. dish, platter. [From קער. cp. Arab. qa‘r (= bottom; depth; keel of a ship; pit, hole, cavity, depression). For the ending of קְעָרָה see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: קַעֲרִית.

קְעָרוֹן m.n. NH concavity. [Formed from קָעוּר with suff. ◌וֹן.]

קַעֲרוּרִי adj. curved, bent, concave. [Formed from קער through reduplication of the ר. For the ending of קַעֲרוּרִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

קַעֲרוּרִית f.n. (also קַעֲרִירוּת) concavity. [See קַעֲרוּרִי and suff. ◌ִית, resp. ◌וּת.]

קַעֲרִית f.n. NH small dish, small ball. [Formed from קְעָרָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

קְעֹֽרֶת f.n. NH syncline (geology). [Formed from קער with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קפא to condense, congeal.
    — Qal - קָפָא 1 it became condensed, was congealed; PBH 2 it floated, was on top; NH 3 it hardened, solidified.
    — Niph. - נִקֽפָּא became condensed, solidified.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽפִּיא 1 he caused to curdle, caused to congeal (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 10:10 in the form תַּקֽפִּיאֵנִי); NH 2 he froze (tr. v., used figuratively).
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽפָּא became frozen, became congealed. [Related to Aram. קְפָא (= floated, was on top; it coagulated, curdled), Syr. קֽפָא (= he collected, gathered in heaps; skimmed off). cp. קפה.] Derivatives: קֹפֶא, קִפָּאוֹן, קָפוּא, קֽפִיאָה, הַקֽפָּאָה, מִקֽפָּא, מֻקְפָּא, מַקְפִּית.

קְֹפֶא m.n. MH something frozen, something congealed. [From קפא.]

קִפָּאוֹן m.n. congelation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 14:6). [From קפא.]

קֻפַּאי m.n. NH cashier. [Formed from קֻפָּה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

קָפֶאִין m.n. FW caffein(e). [Fren. caféine, from café (= coffee). See קַהְוָה. For the ending of caféine see chemical suff. ‘–ine’ in my CEDEL.]

קפד ᴵ to be drawn together, be rolled together.
    — Qal - קַָפַד was reduced, was made short.
    — Pi. - קִפֵּד he rolled up, made shorter (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 38:12).
    — Pu. - קֻפַּד was rolled up, was made shorter, was cut short.
    — Nith. - נִתֽקַפֵּד MH 1 was drawn in, was drawn together; NH 2 became strict; NH 3 was destroyed, was ruined.
    — Hiph. - הִקְפִּיד 1 was angry, lost his temper, was pedantic, was punctilious; 2 was strict; 3 he provoked, insulted.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְפַּד was done strictly, was done punctiliously. [Related to Aram. קֽפַד (lit.: ‘was rolled together’, whence ‘was angry’, ‘was strict’, ‘was punctilious’), Syr. קְפַד (= contracted, shrank, made to shrink; it bristled, shrank, crept — said of the skin), Arab. qafida (= he wound the turban snugly). Base of קִפּוֹד.] Derivatives: קָפֵד, קְפָדָה ᴵ, קֽפָדָה ᴵᴵ, קָפוּד ᴵ, קָפוּד ᴵᴵ, קַפּֽדָן, קֽפִידָה, הַקְפָּדָה, מַקְפִּיד, מֻקְפָּד, מְקֻפָּד.

קפד ᴵᴵ to make oneself unapproachable.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַפֵּד he made himself unapproachable. [Denominated from קִפּוֹד (= hedgehog).]

קָפֵד adj. MH strict, pedantic. [From קפד.]

קְפָדָה ᴵ f.n. shuddering (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 7:25). cp. Syr. קְפַד (= it bristled, shrank, crept — said of the skin). For the ending of the word see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. קְפָדָה ᴵᴵ.

קְפָדָה f.n. strictness, severity. [Formed from קפד with first suff. ◌ָה, hence of the same etymology as קֽפָדָה ᴵ.]

קַפְּדָן m.n. PBH 1 a quick-tempered, irascible person. 2 a pedantic person. [Formed from קפד with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: קַפְּדָנוּת, קַפְּדָנִי.

קַפְּדָנוּת f.n. PBH 1 quick temper, irritability. 2 pedantry. [Formed from קַפְּדָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַפְּדָנִי adj. NH 1 strict, severe. 2 pedantic. [Formed from קַפּֽדָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קפה to condense, congeal.
    — Niph. - נִקֽפָּה became condensed, became congealed.
    — Pi. - קִפָּה he skimmed, took off the foam.
    — Pu. - קֻפָּה was skimmed, was taken off (said of the foam).
    — Hiph. - הִקְפָּה 1 he caused to float; 2 he caused to congeal. [Related to קפא.] Derivatives: קֵפֶה, קָפוּי, קִפּוּי. קְפִיָּה, מִקֽפָּה, מֽקַפָּה.

קֵֽפֶה m.n. PBH (also NH קֹֽפִי) coagulation, jelly. [From קפה.]

קֻפָּה f.n. PBH PBH 1 heap, pile. PBH 2 basket. NH 3 money box. 4 chest. NH 5 booking office, box office. [L. cūpa (= tub, cask, tun, vat), cogn. with Old I. kūpaḥ (= hollow, pit, cave), Gk. kupe (= a kind of ship), kupellon (= cup), etc. All these words derive from IE base * qeu-p- (= to bend, arch, vault). See ‘cup’ in my CEDEL and cp. כְּפִיפָה ᴵᴵ.]

קָפֶה m.n. FW 1 Coffea arabica (botany). 2 coffee. [It. caffe — whence also Fren. café, Eng. coffee, etc. — from Turkish qahvé, from Arab. qahwa. See קַהְוָה and cp. קָפֶטֶרְיָה.]

קָפוּא adj. NH 1 condensed, congealed. NH 2 hardened, solidified. MH 3 motionless. [Pass. part. of קָפָא. See קפא and cp. קָפוּי.]

קִפּוֹד m.n. 1 hedgehog (Is. 14:23; prob. also Is. 34:11). 2 short-eared owl (Zeph. 2:14, according to some scholars also Zeph. 34:11). [Derived from קפד and lit. meaning ‘that which rolls itself together’. Related to Aram.–Syr. קוּפְדָא, Arab. qunfuḍh, Ethiop. qīnfez (= hedgehog). קִפּוֹד was prob. dissimilated from קֻפּוֹד.] Derivatives: קִפּוֹדִי, קִפּוֹדָן.

קָפוּד ᴵ adj. MH drawn together, shortened. [Pass. part. of קָפַד. See קפד and cp. קָפוּד ᴵᴵ.]

קָפוּד ᴵᴵ adj. NH strict, severe. [Pass. part. of קָפַד, hence properly identical with קָפוּד ᴵ.]

קִפּוֹדִי adj. NH hedgehoglike, hedgehoggy; spiny. [Formed from קִפּוֹד with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קִפּוֹדִיּוּת.

קִפּוֹדִיּוּת f.n. NH resemblance to a hedgehog, spininess. [Formed from קִפּוֹדִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִפּוֹדָן m.n. NH globe thistle, Echinops (a genus of plants). [Formed from קִפּוֹד with suff. ◌ָן; properly a loan translation of the scientific name Echinops (lit.: ‘resembling a hedgehog’), from echinos (= hedgehog), and ops (= like). The plant was so called in allusion to the ball-like form of its flowers, which are suggestive of a hedgehog.]

קִפּוֹז m.n. a kind of a bird (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 34:15, and prob. meaning ‘arrowsnake’). [According to some scholars קִפּוֹז corresponds to Arab. quffāza (= arrowsnake). According to others it corresponds rather to Arab. quffāl or quiffāl. At any rate קִפּוֹז lit. means ‘jumper’. See קפז.]

קָפֽוּחַ adj. MH 1 struck, struck by the sun, arid, dry. 2 oppressed, one whose wages are withheld. [Pass. part. of קָפַח. See קפח.]

קִפּֽוּחַ MH 1 oppression, curtailing, deprivation. MH 2 cutting off, shortening. NH 3 destruction, ruin. [Verbal n. of קִפַּח, Pi. of קפח.]

קַפּוֹטָה f.n. FW long coat (worn by orthodox Jews). [From Fren. capote (= manteau).]

קָפוּי adj. NH 1 frozen, congealed. MH 2 floating. [Pass. part. of קָפָה (see קפה). Related to and synonymous with קָפוּא.]

קִפּוּי m.n. PBH 1 scum, froth. NH 2 skimming of the foam. [Verbal n. of קִפָּה, Pi. of קפה.]

קִפּוּל m.n. PBH folding, fold. [Verbal n. of קִפֵּל, Pi. of קפל.] Derivative: קִפּוּלִית.

קִפּוּלִית f.n. NH turnover (pie or tart). [Formed from קִפּוּל with suff. ◌ִית.]

קָפוּץ adj. PBH closed, shut. [Pass. part. of קָפַץ. See קפץ ᴵ.]

קפז to jump, leap.
    — Qal - קָפַז he jumped, leapt. [Related to Arab. qafaza (= he jumped, leapt), Aram. קֽפַז (of s.m.). Base of קִפּוֹז (q.v.). See the related base קפץ.]

קְפַזְנָב m.n. NH springtail. [Formed on the analogy of Eng. springtail from קָפַץ (= he sprang; see קפץ ᴵ) and זָנָב (= tail) (q.v.).]

קפח to beat, strike.
    — Qal - קָפַח he beat, struck; it (the sun) struck (on the head).
    — Pi. - קִפַּח 1 he beat, struck; 2 he robbed, deprived, took by force, exploited. 3 he withheld one’s wages; 4 he vanquished, overwhelmed, overpowered; 5 he ruined, perverted.
    — Pu. - קֻפַּח was robbed, was deprived.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַפַּח MH 1 he deprived himself; NH 2 was robbed, was deprived. [Related to JAram.-Syr. קְפַח (= he beat on the head, slapped), Mand. גהף and Arab. qafaḫa and faqaḫa (= he beat, struck); prob. related to base טפח ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קַפָּח, קַפְּחָן, קָפוּחַ, קִפּוּחַ, קְפִיחָה, הִתְקַפְּחוּת, מְקֻפָּח.

קַפָּח m.n. PBH robber. [Formed from קִפַּח, Pi. of קפח, according to the pattern פָּעַל.]

קִפֵּֽחַ adj. PBH very tall. [A secondary form of כִּפֵּחַ.]

קַפְּחָן m.n. PBH robber. [Formed from קִפַּח, Pi. of קפח, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קָפֶטֶרְיָה f.n. FW cafeteria. [Mexican Sp. cafeteria, meaning ‘retail coffee store’, from café (= coffee). cp. Fren. cafetière, from café (= coffee). See קָפֶה.]

קַפְטָן m.n. FW caftan (a long-sleeved garment worn in Turkey, Egypt etc.). [Turkish qaftān, from Arab. qafṭan, from Pers. khaftān.]

קְפִיאָה f.n. MH 1 freezing, congealing. 2 hardening, solidification. [Verbal n. of קָפָא. See קפא and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְפִידָה f.n. PBH strictness, severity. [Verbal n. of קָפַד. See קפד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְפִידוּת f.n. NH strictness, severity. [Formed from קפד with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְפִיחָה f.n. NH beating, striking. [Verbal n. of קָפַח. See קפח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַפִּיטוּלַצְיָה f.n. capitulation. [From L. capitulātus, p. part. of capitulāre (= to draw up the heads of an agreement), from L. caput (= head). See קַפִּיטָל and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

קַפִּיטָל m.n. FW capital. [Late L. capitāle (= property), properly neuter of the Latin adj. capitālis (= pertaining to the head, chief, first), from caput (= head), from IE * qap-ut (= head). See ‘capital’ (adj. and n.) in my CEDEL and ‘head’, ibid.] Derivatives: קֵפִּיטָלִי (adj.), קַפִּיטָלִיזְם, קַפִּיטָלִיסְט. cp. קַפִּיטָן, קָדֶט, קוֹרְפּוֹרָל. cp. also קַפִּילָרִי and first element in קַפְּרִיזָה.

קַפִּיטָלִי adj. FW capital. [Formed from קַפִּיטָל with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַפִּיטָלִיזְם m.n. FW capitalism. [Formed from קַפִּיטָל with suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

קַפִּיטָלִיסְט m.n. FW capitalist. [Formed from קַפִּיטָל with suff. ◌ִיסֽט.] Derivative: קַפִּיטָלִיסְטִי.

קַפִּיטָלִיסְטִי adj. FW capitalistic. [Formed from קַפִּיטָלִיסְט with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַפִּיטָן m.n. FW captain. [Fren. capitaine, from Late L. capitāneus (= head, chief), from L. caput (= head). See קַפִּיטָל.]

קַפֵּילָא m.n. PBH (pl. קַפֵּילָאוֹת) dealer in foodstuffs. [Aram., from Gk. kapelos, which is of uncertain origin.]

קַפִּילָרִי adj. FW capillary. [L. capillāris (= pertaining to the hair), from capillus (= hair), which is prob. related to caput (= head). See קַפִּיטָל and suff. ◌ִי. cp. קַפֽלֵט.] Derivative: קַפִּילָרִיּוּת.

קַפִּילָרִיּוּת f.n. FW capillarity. [Formed from קַפִּילָרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְפִיפָה see כְּפִיפָה ᴵᴵ.

קָפִיץ m.n. PBH 1 joint. NH 2 spring (in a machine). [From קפץ ᴵ.] Derivatives: קְפִיצוֹן, קֽפִיצִי. cp. קֶפֶץ.

קְפִיצָה ᴵ f.n. PBH closing, shutting, short cut, miraculous shortening of the way. [Verbal n. of קָפַץ. See קפץ ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְפִיצָה ᴵᴵ f.n. 1 jumping, leaping; jump, leap. 2 intermission. [Verbal n. of קָפַץ. See קפץ ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְפִיצוֹן m.n. NH a small spring. [Formed from קֽפִיץ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

קְפִיצִי adj. NH springy, springlike, elastic. [Formed from קֽפִיץ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קֽפִיצִיּוּת.

קְפִיצִיּוּת f.n. NH springiness, elasticity. [Formed from קְפִיצִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קפל ᴵ to double, fold, roll up.
    — Qal - קָפַל he doubled, folded, rolled up.
    — Niph. - נִקְפַּל was doubled, was folded, was rolled up.
    — Pi. - קִפֵּל 1 he doubled, folded, rolled up; 2 he closed; 3 he embraced, surrounded.
    — Pu. - קֻפַּל PBH 1 was doubled, was folded, was rolled up; NH 2 was embraced, was surrounded.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַפֵּל MH 1 was doubled, was folded, was rolled up; NH 2 it folded, rolled itself up.
    — Hiph. - הִקְפִּיל he doubled, folded, rolled up.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְפַּל was doubled, was folded, was rolled up. [A secondary form of כפל. Related to JAram. קַפֵּל (= he folded, rolled up), Syr. קְפַל (= he rolled away a veil or a curtain).] Derivatives: קֵפֶל, קִפּוּל, הִתְקַפּֽלוּת, מִקֽפָּל, מְקֻפָּל, מַקְפֵּלָה, מִתְקַפֵּל.

קפל ᴵᴵ to scrape, eat away, remove.
    — Qal - קָפַל he scraped, ate away, removed.
    — Pi. - קִפֵּל he scraped off.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַפֵּל was scraped. [A metathesized form of base קוף.]

קֵֽפֶל m.n. NH fold. [From קפל ᴵ.]

קַפְלוֹט m.n. PBH (pl. קַפְלוֹטוֹת) leek. [Gk. kephalotos (= with a head, headed), said esp. of the prason (= leek), from kephale (= head), which was dissimilated from chephale, from IE base * ghebl– (= head). See ‘gable’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘cephalic’ ibid.]

קַפְלוּל m.n. NH a small fold. [Dimin. formed from קֵפֶל through reduplication.] Derivative: קַפְלוּלִי.

קַפְלוּלִי adj. NH made of, or containing, small folds. [Formed from קַפְלוּל with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַפְלֵט m.n. PBH wig. [L. capillitium (= ‘the hair’ in a collective sense), dimin. of capillu (= hair). See קַפִּילָרִי.]

קַפֶּנְדַּרְיָא f.n. PBH (pl. קַפָּנַדַּרֽיוֹת or קַפֶּנֽדְּרָאוֹת) short cut, abridgement of one’s way. [L. compendiāria (via) (= a short way), from compendium (= summary; lit.: ‘that which is weighed together’), from com– (see קוֹמֽ◌) and penděre (= to weigh; weigh out, value; lit.: ‘to cause to hang down, hold in suspension’), which is related to pendēre (= to hang down, hold in suspension), and to pondus (= weight). The origin of these words is doubtful. cp. the second element in סְטִיפֶּנֽדּֽיָה.]

קֻפְסָה f.n. PBH (pl. קֻפְסוֹת, also קֻפֽסָאוֹת) box. [L. capsa (= chest, box, repository) — whence also Eng. case, on the one hand, and Fren. châsse, on the other — from capere (= to catch, seize, take hold of, take, receive, hold, contain), from IE base * qap– (= to seize, hold, contain). cp. אֶמַנֽצִיפַּצְיָה, פֶּרְצָפּֽצֽיָה, פּֽרִינְצִיפּ, קוֹנְצֶפְּצְיָה, קַפְסֹלֶת, קַפֽצָה, דִיסֽצִיפְּלִינָה. cp. also ‘captive’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: קֻפֽסִית.

קֻפְסִית, קֻפְסֹֽנֶת f.n. NH 1 small box. 2 capsule. [Dimin. formed from קֻפְסָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִית, resp. ◌ֹנֶת.]

קַפְסֹֽלֶת f.n. NH capsule. [Hebraization of L. capsula (= a small chest or box), dimin. of capsa (= chest, box, repository). See קֻפֽסִית.]

קֻפְסֹֽנֶת see קֻפֽסִית.

קפץ ᴵ to draw together, shut (hand or mouth).
    — Qal - קָפַץ he drew together, shut.
    — Niph. - נִקְפַּץ 1 was drawn together, was shut; PBH 2 was shortened shrank (said of a journey).
    — Nith. - נִתֽקַפֵּץ PBH 1 was shortened, shrank (said of a journey); NH 2 was shut. [Related to Arab. qafaṣa (= he collected, enjoined, tied), Syr. קְפַס (= he drew together, contracted, withdrew), and perhaps also to Akka. kapāṣu (= to draw together, contract), and to קפץ ᴵᴵ (q.v.).] Derivatives: קֹפָץ, קָפוּץ, קֽפִיצָה ᴵ.

קפץ ᴵᴵ to jump, leap, spring.
    — Qal - קָפַץ 1 he jumped, leapt, sprang; 2 he came in a hurry; 3 he did something in a hurry; 4 he rushed to.
    — Pi. - קִפַּץ 1 he jumped, leapt, sprang (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 2:8); PBH 2 he brought on suddenly.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽפִּיץ PBH 1 he caused to jump; PBH 2 he brought something before its time; NH 3 he started.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְפַּץ 1 was made to jump; 2 was promoted.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַפֵּץ he jumped to and fro. [Related to Aram. קְפַץ, קפז (= he jumped, leapt, sprang), Mand. כבץ (= he went away), Arab. qafaza (= he jumped, leapt). קפץ ᴵᴵ prob. meant orig. ‘to draw oneself together’, whence ‘to make repeated contractions of the body in taking leaps’. cp. קפז.] Derivatives: קַפָּץ, קַפְצָן ᴵ, קַפֽצָן ᴵᴵ, קָפִיץ, קְפִיצָה ᴵᴵ, הַקְפָּצָה, מַקְפֵּצָה, קַפָּצָת.

קפץ ᴵᴵᴵ to chop, cut.
    — Qal - קָפַץ he chopped, cut. [Denominated from קוֹפִיץ (= hatchet, chopper).]

קֶֽפֶץ m.n. PBH joint. [Related to קֽפִיץ.]

קֹֽפֶץ m.n. MH closing, shutting. [From קפץ ᴵ.]

קַפְצָן ᴵ m.n. MH jumper, springer. [Formed from קפץ ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קַפְצָן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH sandhopper. [Lit.: ‘jumper, springer’, hence properly identical with קַפֽצָן ᴵ. cp. the Eng. name sandhopper.]

קַפֶּֽצֶת f.n. NH trampoline. [Formed from קפץ with suff. ◌ָת.]

קַפְקָאִי adj. NH Kafkaesque. [Coined from the name of Franz Kafka (1883–1927), who described in his stories surrealistic characters and situations.] Derivative: קַפֽקָאִיּוּת.

קַפְקָאִיּוּת f.n. NH Kafkaism. [Formed from קַפֽקָאִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַפְּרִיזָה f.n. FW caprice, whim. [Fren. caprice, from It. capriccio (= a shiver, sudden start, whim), which is prob. compounded of capo, from L. caput (= head, see קַפִּיטָל), and riccio, from L. ēricius (= hedgehog), a derivative of ēr (of s.m.), which is cogn. with Gk. cher (of s.m.).] Derivative: קַפְּרִיזִי.

קַפְּרִיזִי adj. FW capricious. [Formed from קַפְּרִיזָה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קַפְּרִיזִיּוּת.

קַפּֽרִיזִיּוּת f.n. FW capriciousness. [Formed from קַפּֽרִיזִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קפשׁ to snatch, grab.
    — Qal - קָפַשׁ he snatched, grabbed. [Prob. related to כפשׁ.]

קֵץ m.n. (pl. קִצִּים, also קִצִּין) 1 end. 2 destruction, ruin. [From קצץ. cp. Aram. קִצָּא, Syr. קָצָּא, Ugar. qṣ (= end).]

קצב to cut off, to determine.
    — Qal - קָצַב 1 he cut off (in the Bible occurring only Kin. II 6:6, and as a participle, Cant. 4:2); PBH 2 he fixed, determined; PBH 3 he alloted, allocated, he derived (a word from another word).
    — Niph. - נִקְצַב MH 1 was cut, was cut off; PBH 2 was fixed, was determined; MH 3 was alloted, was allocated; NH 4 was rationed, was set aside.
    — Pi. - קִצֵּב PBH 1 he cut, cut off; NH 2 he rationed.
    — Pu. - קֻצַּב 1 was cut, was cut off; 2 was rationed.
    — Hiph. - הִקְצִיב 1 he decided; 2 he allotted, allocated.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽצַב was allotted, was allocated. [Related to Arab. qaḍaba (= he cut off). Base of קַצָּב.] Derivatives: קוֹצֵב, קַצָב, קָצֶב ᴵ, קִצְבָּה, קְצֻבָּה, קָצוּב, קֽצּוּב, הַקְצָבָה, מִקֽצָב, מֻקְצָב, מְקֻצָּב, תַּקְצִיב.

קַצָּב m.n. PBH butcher. [Nomen opificis formed from קִצֵּב, Pi. of קצב, according to the pattern פַּצָל. cp. JAram. קַצָּבָא, קַצָּב, Syr. קַצָּבָא, Palm. קצבא (= butcher). Arab. qaṣṣāb is an Aram. loan word.] Derivative: קַצָּבוּת.

קֶֽצֶב ᴵ m.n. 1 form, shape (in the Bible occurring only Kin. I 6:25 and 7:37). NH 2 rhythm, tempo. NH 3 rate, speed, measure. [From קצב.] Derivative: קִצְבִּי.

קֶצֶב ᴵᴵ m.n. end, extremity (in the Bible occurring only Jon. 2:7 in the phrase קִצֽבֵי הָרִים ‘the ends of the mountains’). [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps קִצְבֵי is identical with קִצְרֵּ, c. st. pl. of קָצֶה (= end).]

קִצְבַּאי m.n. NH pensioner. [Formed from קִצֽבָּה with suff. ◌אַי.]

קִצְבָּה f.n. (pl. קִצְבָּאוֹת, also קֽצָבוֹת) PBH 1 a fixed measure, limit. NH 2 pension, allowance. [Formed from קצב with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: קִצֽבַּאי.

קְצָבָה f.n. NH beat (music). [Formed from קצב with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְצֻבָּה f.n. NH allowance. [Formed from קצב with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַצָּבוּת f.n. MH butcher’s trade, butchery. [Formed from קַצָּב with suff. ◌וּת.]

קִצְבִּי adj. NH rhythmical. [Formed from קֶצֶב ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קִצְבִּיּוּת.

קִצְבִּיּוּת f.n. NH rhythmicality. [Formed from קִצְבִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קצה ᴵ to cut off.
    — Qal - קָצָה v. 1 he cut off, destroyed (in the Bible occurring only Hab. 2:10 in the inf. קֽצוֹת;) 2 he scraped; 3 he separated, set aside.
    — Niph. - נִקֽצָה was finished, was ended.
    — Pi. - קִצָּה he cut off (in the Bible occurring only Kin. II 10:32 and, in the form of the part. מֽקַצֶּה, Pr. 26:6).
    — Hiph. - הִקְצָה 1 he scraped off; PBH 2 he separated, set aside; PBH 3 he removed.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְצָה PBH 1 was separated, was set aside; MH 2 was removed. [Related to Phoen. קצה (= he cut off, exterminated), Aram.–Syr. קֽצָא(= ‘he broke’, esp. bread), Arab. qaṣā (= was remote), quṣyā (= remote extremity), and to base קצץ. cp. קֽצָת. cp. also qaṭū (= to be at the end of something), qīṭu (= end).] Derivatives: קָצָה, קָצָה, קֵצֶה, קֶצֶב ᴵᴵ, קִצּוּי, קַצְוָה, קִיצוֹן, הַקְצָאָה, מַקְצָה, מַקְצֶה, מֻקֽצֶה ᴵ, מֻקְצָה ᴵᴵ.

קצה ᴵᴵ to decide. [Related to Arab. qaḍā(y) (= he decided). Base of קָצִין (q.v.).]

קָצֶה m.n. (pl. קֽצָווֹת, also קָצִים) end, extremity. [From קצה ᴵ cp. קָצָה, קֵצֶה, קַצְוָה. cp. also מִקֽצֶה.] Derivative: קְצָוִי.

קָצָה f.n. (pl. קְצָווֹת) end. [A secondary form of קָצֶה.]

קֵֽצֶה m.n. end. [A secondary form of קָצֶה.]

קִצָּה f.n. PBH 1 cutting (of trees). 2 limit. [Formed from קצץ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. קְצִיצָה.]

קָצוּב adj. 1 cut, shorn (in the Bible occurring only Cant. 2:2 in the form עֵדָר הַקּֽצוּבוֹת, ‘a flock of ewes that are shorn’). PBH 2 fixed, limited. NH 3 rhythmic(al). [Pass. part. of קָצַב. See קצב.]

קִצּוּב m.n. NH rationing. [Verbal n. of קִצֵּב, Pi. of קצה ᴵ.]

קַצְוָה f.n. NH (pl. קֽצָווֹת) end, extremity. [A secondary form of קָצֶה; properly back formation from קֽצָווֹת, pl. of קָצָה.]

קִצּוּי m.n. MH scraping. [Verbal n. of קִצָּה, Pi. of קצה.]

קְצָוִי adj. MH extreme. [Formed from קָצֶה, pl. קֽצָווֹת (= end, extremity), with suff. ◌ִי.]

קָצֽוֹעַ m.n. PBH (pl. קָצוֹעוֹת) woodcutter. [From קצע.]

קִצּֽוּעַ PBH cutting. [Verbal n. of קִצַּע, Pi. of קצע ᴵᴵ.]

קָצוּף ᴵ adj. MH angry. [Pass. part. of קָצַף. See קצף ᴵ.]

קָצוּף ᴵᴵ adj. whipped (of cream); foamy. [Pass. part. of קָצַף. See קצף ᴵᴵ.]

קָצוּץ adj. cut, clipped. [Pass. part. of קָצַץ. See קצץ.]

קִצּוּץ m.n. MH cutting, chopping. [Verbal n. of קִצֵץ, Pi. of קצץ.]

קָצוּר ᴵ adj. PBH cut. [Pass. part. of קָצַר. See קצר ᴵ.]

קָצוּר ᴵᴵ adj. short (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 42:5). [Pass. part. of קָצַר. See קצר ᴵᴵ.]

קִצּוּר m.n. NH 1 shortening. MH 2 summary. [Verbal n. of קִצֵּר, Pi. of קצר ᴵᴵ. Coined by Rashi.]

קֶֽצַח m.n. black cumin, ‘Nigella sativa’ (in the Bible occurring only Is. 28:25, 27). [Related to JAram. קַצְחָא, Arab. qizḥ, qazḥ (of s.m.).]

קָצִין m.n. 1 judge, prince, leader. NH 2 officer. [Derived from קצה ᴵᴵ and lit. meaning ‘decider’. Related to Arab. qāḍi (= judge), prob. part. of qaḍā(y) (= he decided). cp. ‘cadi’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: קצן, קְצִינָה, קְצִינוּת, קְצֻנָּה.

קְצִינָה f.n. MH 1 princess, wife of a prince. NH 2 woman officer. [f. of קָצִין.]

קְצִינוּת f.n. MH 1 dignity of a prince. NH 2 officer’s rank. [Formed from קָצִין with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְצִיעָה ᴵ f.n. Cassia — a genus of plants (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 45:9 in the pl.). [Lit. meaning ‘peel’ (i.e. ‘the peel of the plant, which is scraped off the tree’), and derived from קָצַע (see קצע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה); whence Gk. kasia, kassia (= cinnamon, cassia).]

קְצִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH 1 fig harvest. 2 dried fig. [Formed from קָצַע (see קצע ᴵᴵ), hence derivatively identical with קֽצִיעָה ᴵ. cp. קֽצִיעָה ᴵ.]

קְצִיעָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. PBH capsule — compartment of the phylacteries (‘tephillin’). [A secondary form of קֽצִיצָה ᴵᴵ.]

קָצִיף adj. NH foamy, frothy. [From קֶצָף ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: קֽצִיפוּת.

קְצִיפָה ᴵ f.n. PBH anger, rage. [Verbal n. of קָצַף. See קצף ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְצִיפָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH whipped cream. [From קֶצֶף ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְצִיפוּת f.n. NH foaminess. [Formed from קָצִיף with suff. ◌וּת.]

קֽצִיצָה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 cutting, chopping. 2 cut fruit. 3 stipulation of a bargain. [Verbal n. of קָצַץ. See קצץ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְצִיצָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH (pl. קֽצִיצִין) any of the four capsules (compartments) of the phylacteries (‘tephillin’). [From קצץ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. קֽצִיעָה ᴵᴵᴵ.]

קְצִיצָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. NH cutlet, chopped meat. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from קצץ, identical with קֽצִיצָה ᴵ and קֽצִיצָה ᴵᴵ.]

קָצִיר m.n. 1 harvesting, reaping. 2 harvest time, harvest. 3 cut grain. 4 bough, branch. [From קצר ᴵ.]

קְצִירָה f.n. PBH cutting, harvesting, reaping. [Verbal n. of קָצַר. See קצר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קצן to become an officer.
    — Hiph. - הִקְצִין he promoted to officer’s rank, commissioned.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽצַן he was promoted to officer, was commissioned.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַצֵּן he became an officer. [Denominated from קָצִין.] Derivative: הַקְצָנָה ᴵ.

קְצֻנָּה f.n. NH officers’ cadre. [From קָצִין. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

קצע ᴵ to scrape, scrape off.
    — Qal - קָצַע he scraped, scraped off.
    — Pi. - קִצַּע (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִקְצִיעַ 1 he scraped, scraped off (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 14:41 in the form יַקְצִעַ); NH 2 he smoothed with a plane, planed.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽצַע was smoothed with a plane, was planed. [Related to Arab. quḍā‘ (= fine dust).] Derivatives: קְצִיעָה ᴵ, קֽצִיעָה ᴵᴵ, מַקֽצֵעַ, מַקְצוּעָה ᴵ

קצע ᴵᴵ to cut, cut off.
    — Qal - קָצַע he cut figs (to dry them).
    — Pi. - קִצַּע he cut the ends, trimmed.
    — Pu. - קֻצַּע was cut at the ends, was angled.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽצִיע he shaped into angles, angled.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְצַע (see מְהֻקֽצָע). [Related to Aram.–Syr. קְטַע, Arab. qaṭa‘a (= he cut off), maqṭa (= crossing point; lit.: ‘place where something is cut off’). Most lexicographers regard קצע ‘to scrape’, and קצע ‘to cut’ as two different bases. Some scholars try to reduce them to one single base.] Derivatives: קָצוֹעַ, קִצּוּעַ, מַקֽצוּעַ, מִקְצוֹעַ.

קצף ᴵ to be angry, be wroth.
    — Qal - קָצַף was angry, was wroth.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַצֵּף became enraged (in the Bible occurring only Is. 8:21).
    — Hiph. - הִקְצִיף he provoked to anger. [Related to BAram. קְצַף (= became furious), Syr. and Mand. קצף (= to be angry), Syr. קֽצִיפָא (= sold), קְצָפָא (= sadness), TA. naqṣapu, naqṣapti (= to be embittered).] Derivatives: קֶצֶף ᴵ, קָצוּף ᴵ, קְצִיפָה ᴵ, הַקְצָפָה, הִתְקַצְּפוּת, מַקְצִיף, מֻקְצָף ᴵ.

קצף ᴵᴵ to foam, froth.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽצִיף he caused to foam, caused to froth.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽצַף was made to foam, was made to froth, was whipped up. [Denominated from קֶצֶף ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קָצוּף ᴵᴵ, קֽצִיפָה ᴵᴵ, מַקְצִיף, מֻקֽצָף ᴵᴵ, קְצֶפֶת, מִקְצֶפֶת.

קֶצֶף ᴵ m.n. 1 anger, wrath. PBH 2 name of an angel of destruction. [From קצף ᴵ.]

קֶצֶף ᴵᴵ m.n. foam, froth. [A hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 10:7 and usually rendered by ‘foam froth’, after Aquilas, who translates it by Gk. aphron, and the Vulgate, which renders it by spuma. According to several scholars קֶצֶף ᴵᴵ means ‘splinter’, but this rendering is justly rejected by most authorities.] Derivatives: קצף ᴵᴵ, קְצָפָה, קָצִיף, מַקְצֵף, מִקְצֶפֶת.

קְצָפָה f.n. anger, wrath (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 1:7). [Formed from קֶצֶף ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִצָּפוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. קִצְפוֹנוֹת) anger, wrath. [Formed from קֶצֶף ᴵ with ◌וֹן, a suff. forming abstract nouns.]

קְצֶֽפֶת f.n. NH fluff, whipped cream. [Formed from קָצָף ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ָת.]

קצץ to cut off; to stipulate.
    — Qal - קָצַץ 1 he hewed off, cut off; PBH 2 he stipulated, fixed.
    — Niph. - נִקֽצַץ 1 was cut off; 2 was stipulated, was fixed; 3 was removed.
    — Pi. - קַצַּץ 1 he cut, cut off; NH 2 he reduced, curtailed.
    — Pu. - קֻצַּץ 1 was hewn off, was cut off (in the Bible occurring only Jud. 1:7 in the pl. part. form מְקֻצָּצִים).
    — Nith. - נִתְקַצֵּץ PBH 1 was cut off, was chopped; NH 2 was reduced. [Base of קֵץ (= end). Related to Aram. קֽצַץ, Syr. קַץ (= he cut off, he decided), Arab. qaṣṣa (= he cut, cut off, clipped), qaḍḍa‘ (= pierced, bored, perforated), Ugar. qṣ (= to cut), Akka. qasāṣu (= to hew off, cut off), qiṣṣu in qiṣ umu (= evening; properly ‘end of the day’), qiṣṣatu (= boundary, stone). Related also to base קצה.] Derivatives: קַצָּץ, קָצָץ, קְצָצָה ᴵ, קְצָצָה ᴵᴵ, קֽצֹצָת, קָצוּץ, קִצּוּץ, קוֹצֵץ, קְצִיצָה ᴵ, קֽצִיצָה ᴵᴵ, קֽצִיצָה ᴵᴵᴵ, הִתְקַצּֽצוּת, מַקֵּץ, מַקֽצַץ, מָקְצָץ, מֽקֻצָּץ, מַקֽצַצָה.

קַצָּץ m.n. PBH woodcutter. [Nomen opificis formed from קִצַּץ, Pi. of קצץ, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

קֶֽצֶץ m.n. PBH cut wood, chip. [From קצץ.]

קֽצָצָה ᴵ f.n. PBH part of a forest purposed for clearing. [Formed from קצץ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. קְצָצָה ᴵᴵ.]

קְצָצָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH severance of family connection. [Lit.: ‘cutting off’, hence derivatively identical with קְצָצָה ᴵ.]

קְצֹֽצֶת f.n. PBH scrapmetal. [Formed from קצץ with suff. ◌ָת.]

קצר ᴵ to cut, reap, harvest.
    — Qal - קָצַר he cut, reaped, harvested.
    — Niph. - נִקֽצַר was cut, was reaped, was harvested. [Related to Akka. qaṣāru (= to join together, collect). The orig. meaning of this base prob. was ‘to make short, cut short’, hence derives from קצר ᴵᴵ. However according to some scholars קצר ᴵ orig. meant ‘to bind’, and is related to Aram.–Syr. קֽטַר, Ethiop. qaṣara, Heb. קָשַׁר (= he bound); see קשׁר and cp. קטר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קָצוּר ᴵ, קָצִיר, קֽצִירָה, קוֹצַר, מַקֽצַרָה.

קצר ᴵᴵ to be short.
    — Qal - קָצַר was short.
    — Niph. - נִקֽצַר became short.
    — Pi. - קִצַּר 1 he shortened, reduced (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 102:24); PBH 2 he was brief (in doing something).
    — Pu. - קֻצַּר was shortened, was reduced.
    — Nith. - הִתֽקַצַּר, נִתֽקַצַּר (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִקֽצִיר 1 he shortened (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 89:46 in the form הִקְצַרֽתָּ); PBH 2 , became short.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽצַר was made short, was shortened. [Related to JAram. קְצַר (= was short), Arab. qaṣura (= was short), qaṣara (= he missed, failed to reach), qaṣara ‘an (= he failed to reach something, came short of something). According to most scholars קצר ᴵᴵ derives from קצר ᴵ.] Derivatives: קָצָר, קֹצָר, קָצָר, קָצוּר ᴵᴵ, קִצּוּר, קִצָּרוֹן, קַצְרוּת, קַצֽרִית, קַצְרָן, קַצָּרָת, הַקֽצָרָה, הִתֽקַצּֽרוּת, מְקֻצָּר, תַּקְצִיר.

קָצָר adj. short (in the Bible occurring only in the c. st. קְצַר, קִצְרֵי). [From קצר ᴵᴵ. cp. Arab. qaṣir (= short).] Derivative: קְצָרָה.

קְֹצֶר m.n. shortness, brevity (in the Bible occurring only Ex. 6:9 in the phrase קֹצֶר רוּחַ, ‘impatience’). [From קצר. cp. Arab. qaṣr (= shortness, brevity), qiṣar (of s.m.).]

קֶֽצֶר m.n. NH short circuit. [From קצר (= to be short). cp. Eng. short circuit, Fren. court-circuit, Ger. Kurzschluss, etc.]

קֽצָרָה f.n. PBH crosspiece of the bed. [Substantivation of קֽצָרָה, f. of the adj. קָצָר (= short).]

קַצְרָה f.n. PBH (pl. קַצְרִין) fort, castle. [L. castra (= fortified camp), (whence also Syr. קַסְטְרָא (= fortified place, fort, castle). Arab. qaṣr (= castle, palace) is borrowed from Heb. קַצֽרָה L. castrum orig. meant ‘that which has been cut out’, from * kastrom (= a cutting tool), whence also L. castrāre (= to cut, geld), which is prob. cogn. with Old I. śásati, śásti (= cuts), śástram (= knife), Gk. keazin (= to split). cp. קַסֽטְרָה. cp. also ‘castrate’ in my CEDEL.]

קִצָּרוֹן m.n. MH lack of, short- (occurring only in the phrases קִצְרוֹן־יָד, ‘powerlessness, helplessness’, קִצְרוֹן־יְדִיעָה, קִצְרוֹן־דַּעַת, ‘lack of understanding’). [Formed from קצר ᴵᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

קַצְרוּת f.n. MH shortness, brevity. [Formed from קצר ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַצְרִית f.n. PBH asthma. [Formed from קצר ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

קַצְּרָן m.n. PBH 1 one who offers short prayers. NH 2 shorthand, writer, stenographer. [Formed from קִצֵּר, Pi. of קצר ᴵᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: קַצּֽרָנוּת, קַצְּרָנִי.

קַצְּרָנוּת f.n. NH shorthand, stenography. [Formed from קַצְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַצְּרָנִי adj. stenographic. [Formed from קַצְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קְצַרְצַר adj. NH very short. [Coined from קָצָר (= short), through the reduplication of the second and third radical of the stem, on the analogy of יְרַקְרַק (= greenish), which derives from יָרֹק (= green), and אֲדַמֽדַּם (= reddish), which is formed from אָדֹם (= red).]

קַצֶּֽרֶת f.n. NH asthma. [Coined from קצר ᴵᴵ (= to be short), according to the pattern פַּעָלָת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

קְצָת f.n. MH 1 a little. 2 part, small part (in the Bible and the Talmud occurring only in the form מִקֽצָת). [Denominated from קצה ᴵ (= to cut off). See מִקֽצָת. cp. מְנָת.]

קָקָאוֹ m.n. adj. cocoa; cacao. [Sp. cacao, from Nahuatl caca-uatl (= cacao seed). cp. קוֹקוֹס.]

קָקָדוּ m.n. (pl. קָקָדִים) cockatoo. [Dutch kaketoe, from Malay kakatūwa, which is prob. a contraction of kakak tūwa (= old sister). For sense development cp. Eng. poll (= parrot), from private name Poll, a shortened form of Polly (= Mary); see ‘Polly’ in my CEDEL.]

קָקוֹפוֹנְיָה f.n. FW cacophony. [Gk. kakophonia, from kakophonos (= ill-sounding), which is compounded of kakos (= bad, evil), and phone (= sound, voice). The first element is prob. orig. a word from the child’s language. For the second element see פוֹנֶטִיקָה.]

קַקְטוּס m.n. FW (pl. קִקְטוּסִים) cactus. [L. cactus (= a prickly plant), from Gk. kaktos (of s.m.), which is prob. a pre-Hellenic word of unknown origin.]

קַר adj. cold, cool. [From קרר.]

קֹר m.n. cold, coldness, chill (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 8:22). [From קרר.]

קרא ᴵ to cry, call, invoke; to invite; to proclaim; to read.
    — Qal - קָרָא 1 he cried, called; 2 he called someone; 3 he proclaimed; 4 he summoned; 5 he convoked, assembled, invited; 6 he called, named; 7 he read aloud, recited; PBH 8 he learned, studied.
    — Niph. - נִקְרָא 1 he called himself; 2 was called, was summoned; 3 was proclaimed; 4 was called, was named.
    — Pu. - קֹרָא 1 was called, was named; PBH 2 was invited.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקָרֵא was called, was named.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽרִיא PBH 1 he read before others, recited; PBH 2 he caused to read, taught reading; NH 3 he dictated. [Related to Phoen. קרא (= to call), BAram. קֽרָא (= he shouted; he read), Aram.–Syr. קְרָא (= he called, invoked, summoned, invited; he proclaimed, pronounced; he read, recited, he studied), Ugar. qr’ (= to call, invoke), Arab. qara’a (= he read aloud, recited) — whence al-Qur’ān (= the Koran) is prob. an Aram. loan word — Akka. karū (= to call, invite). This base is prob. of imitative origin. cp. the IE imitative base * qer–, *qor–, *qr– (= to cry, shout).] Derivatives: קָרָא ᴵ, קָרָאִי, קֽרָא, קוֹרֵא ᴵ, קָרוּא, קָרוּי, קָרוֹי, קֽרֵי, קָרִיא, קְרִיאָה, קֽרִיָּה, קַרְיָן, הַקֽרָאָה, מִקְרָא, מֻקֽרָא, מֽקֹרָא. cp. קוֹרֵא ᴵᴵ. cp. also קֻרֽאָן.

קרא ᴵᴵ to encounter, happen, befall.
    — Qal - קָרָא it encountered, happened, befell.
    — Niph. - נִקְרָא he met unexpectedly, met by chance.
    — Hiph. - הִקְרִיא he caused to happen (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 32:23 in the form וַתַּקְרֵא). [A collateral form of קרה (q.v.). cp. ארע.] Derivative: לִקְרַאת.

קרא ᴵᴵᴵ to collect, harvest.
    — Qal - קָרָא he collected, harvested (Ps. 14:4; 147:9).

קָרָא ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 Biblical scholar. PBH 2 reader of Scriptures. MH 3 Karaite (see קָרָאִי). [From קרא ᴵ.]

קָרָא ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. קֽרָאִים or קָרִין) pumpkin, gourd, prob. Lagenaria vulgaris. [Aram., of uncertain origin. Arab. qar‘ (= gourd) is an Aram. loan word.]

קְרָא m.n. PBH Biblical verse. [Aram. (= Syr. קַרְאָא), from קְרָא (= he read). See קרא ᴵ. For sense development see מִקְרָא.]

קָרָאוּת f.n. MH Karaism. [Formed from קָרָאִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָרָאִי m.n. MH Karaite. [Formed from קָרָא ᴵ (= he read) in the sense of ‘he read the Scriptures’; cp. מִקֽרָא (= Scripture). A ‘Karaite’ is one whose religion is based exclusively on the literal interpretation of the Holy Scriptures. For the ending of קָרָאִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קָרָאוּת.

קֻרְאָן see קוּרְאָן.

קרב to come near, approach.
    — Qal - קָרַב 1 he came near, approached; 2 drew near; PBH 3 was offered as a sacrifice.
    — Niph. - נִקֽרַב 1 he was brought near; 2 he came near, approached; PBH 3 was offered as a sacrifice.
    — Pi. - קֵרַב 1 he brought near; 2 he befriended.
    — Pu. - קֹרַב was brought near.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקָרֵב 1 he approached, came near; 2 was offered as a sacrifice.
    — Hiph. - הִקְרִיב 1 he brought near; 2 he offered a sacrifice; 3 he approached, came near.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְרַב NH 1 was approached, was brought near; PBH 2 was offered as a sacrifice. [Related to Aram. (also BAram.) and Syr. קֽרֵב (= he came near, approached), Ugar. qrb (= to come near, approach), Arab. qariba, qaruba (= came near, approached), Ethiop. qaraba (of s.m.), OSArab. קרב, Akka. qarābu (= to come near, approach).] Derivatives: קֹרֶב, קִרֽבָה, קֻרְבָה, קָרֽבָּן, קָרוֹב, קֵרוּב, קָרִיב, קֽרִיבָה, הַקְרָבָה, הִתְקָרְבוּת, מֻקְרָב, מֽקֹרָב, מִקְרָב, מַקְרֶבֶת, תִּקְרֹבֶת. prob. also קֽרָב. cp. קָרוֹבָא.

קֶֽרֶב m.n. (dual קֽרָבַיִם) 1 midst, interior. 2 inward part, bowels, intestines. [Related to Moabite בקרב (= in the midst of), Ugar. qrb (of s.m.), Akka. qirbu (= inward part, interior), qirib (= in). These related words show that the orig. meaning of קֶרֶב was ‘midst, interior’, and that the meaning, ‘inward part, bowel, intestines’ is secondary. However, according to several scholars, Heb. קֶרֶב is related to Arab. qalb (= heart); see קבל ᴵ. For the interchangeability of the liquid consonants ל and ר see the introductory article to letter ל.]

קְרָב m.n. (pl. קֽרָבוֹת) 1 battle, war. NH 2 match, game. [Related to Akka. qarābu, Aram.–Syr. קְרָבָא. These words prob. meant orig. ‘hostile approach’, and derive from קרב.] Derivative: קֽרָבִי.

קְֹרֶב m.n. MH nearness, vicinity. [From קרב.]

קִרְבָה f.n. approach (in the Bible occurring only Is. 58:2; Ps. 73:28). [Properly f. inf. of קָרַב. See קרב. cp. קָרְבָה.]

קָרְבָה f.n. approaching (in the Bible occurring only Ex. 36:2 in the form לְקָרְבָה, and Lev. 16:1 in the form בּֽקָרְבָתָם). [f. inf. of קָרַב. See קִרֽבָה.]

קֻרְבָה f.n. PBH 1 nearness, closeness. MH 2 relationship. [Formed from קרב with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Syr. קוּרְבָא (= nearness, closeness), from קְרַב (= he came near).]

קַרְבּוֹהִידְרָט m.n. FW carbohydrate (chemistry). [Compounded of L. carbō (= coal, charcoal), and hydrate, a hybrid coined by the French chemist Joseph-Louis Proust about 1800 from Gk. hydor (= water), and – ate, a chemical suff. of Latin origin. L. carbō prob. stands for * car-dhō- and derives from IE base * ker– (= to singe, burn, glow). For the etymology of the second element see הִידְרַבְלִיקָה. cp. קַרְבּוֹל, קַרְבּוֹנָט, קַרְבּוּנְקוּל, קַרְבּוֹרוּנְד, קַרֽבּוֹרָטוֹר and קַרְבִּיד.]

קַרְבּוֹל m.n. FW carbolic acid (chemistry). [Compounded of L. carbō (= coal, charcoal; see קַרֽבּוֹהִידְרָט) and oleum (= oil), which is cogn. with Gk. elaion (= olive oil, oil), elaia (= olive tree). These words are prob. of Cretan origin.]

קַרְבּוֹנָט m.n. FW carbonate (chemistry). [Formed from L. carbō (= coal, charcoal; see קַרְבּוֹהִידֽרָט), and – ate, a chemical suff. of Latin origin.]

קַרְבּוּנְקוּל m.n. FW carbuncle. [L. carbunculus (= a small coal; a bright reddish kind of precious stone; a kind of tumor), dimin. of carbō (= coal, charcoal; see קַרְבּוֹהִידְרָט).]

קַרְבּוֹרוּנֽד m.n. FW carborundum. [Coined from L. carbō (see קַרְבּוֹהִידְרָט) and Eng. corundum, from Tamil kurundam, from Old I. kuruvinda (= ruby), which is of uncertain etymology.]

קַרְבּוּרָטוֹר m.n. FW carburetor. [Formed from the Eng. verb carburet (= to combine with carbon), which is formed from L. carbō (see קַרְבּוֹהִידֽרָט) on the analogy of sulfuret. For the ending see agential suff. ‘–or’ in my CEDEL.]

קְרֵבוּת f.n. NH 1 nearness, closeness, friendship. 2 relationship. [Formed from קרב with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְרָבִי adj. battle, combat (adj.). [Formed from קֽרָב with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קְרָבִיּוּת.

קְרָבִיּוּת f.n. NH fighting spirit. [Formed from קֽרָבִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַרְבִּיד m.n. FW carbide (chemistry). [Formed from L. carbō (= coal, charcoal; see קַרְבּוֹהִידְרָט) with see[[illegible]] - ide (q.v. in my CEDEL).]

קְרָבַֽיִם dual of קֶרֶב. See קֶרֶב.

קָרַבִּין m.n. FW carbine. [Fren. carabine (= carbine), from carabin (= carabineer), from Med. Fren. calabrim, from Med. L. Calabrīnus (= of, or pertaining to, Calabria). Accordingly the original meaning of Fren. carabine was ‘a (rifle) made in Calabria’. For the ending of Med. L. Calabrinus see adj. suff. ‘-ine’ (representing L. - īnus) in my CEDEL.]

קָרְבָּן m.n. (pl. קָרֽבָּנוֹת) 1 offering, sacrifice, oblation. NH 2 victim. [Derived from קרב, hence lit. meaning ‘something brought near’. cp. Aram.–Syr. קוּרְבָּנָא, Arab. qurbān, Ethiop. qerbān, which are prob. Heb. loan words.]

קרד to curry, scrape.
    — Pi. - קִרַד he curried, scraped.
    — Pu. - קֹרַד was curried, was scraped. [According to most lexicographers related to the bases גרד, קרט, קרץ. In reality, קרד has nothing to do with the above bases, but is denominated from Aram. קַרְדָּא, Arab. qurd (= tick), qurād (= ticks), and properly means ‘to clean from ticks’.] Derivatives: קֶרֶד, קֵרוּד, קָרִיד, קְרִידָה.

קֶֽרֶד m.n. NH fur deposit. [From קרד.]

קַרְדָּה f.n. NH thistle; Carduus (a genus of plants). [Hebraization of L. carduus (= thistle), which is related to carrō, carrēre (= to card wool), from a basic form * carridus (= that which scrapes), from IE base * qars– (= to scrape, scratch, rub). See ‘harsh’ in my CEDEL. and cp. ‘card’ (machine for combing), and words there referred to.]

קְרֶדוֹ m.n. FW creed. [L. credo (= I believe), from crēdere (= to believe), prob. from IE base * kred-dhē (= to attribute magic power to somebody, i.e. ‘to believe in somebody’), from * kred- (= magic power) and * dhē- (= to place).]

קַרְדְּיוֹגְרַמָּה f.n. FW cardiogram. [Compounded of Gk. kardia (= heart), and gramma (= that which is written; a written character, letter). See קוֹרְדְּיָקוֹס and גְּרַם.]

קְרֶדִיט m.n. FW credit. [Fren. crédit, from It. credito, from L. crēditum (= that which is believed; loan), p. part. of crēdere (= to believe, trust), used as a noun. L. crēdere is cogn. with Old I. śrád-dá-dhāti (= trusts, believes), prob. from IE base * ƙre-dhē- (= to attribute magic power to somebody), from * ƙred- (= magic power), and * dhē- (= to place). See תִּיק and cp. קְרֶדִיטוֹר.]

קְרֶדִיטוֹר m.n. FW creditor. [L. crēditor (= truster, lender), from crēditus, p. part. of crēdere. See קְרָדִיט and agential suff. ‘–or’ in my CEDEL.]

קַרְדִּינָל m.n. FW cardinal. [Fren. cardinal, from Eccles. L. cardinālis (short for cardinalis ecclēsiae Romānae, orig. applied to various dignitaries of the church), from L. cardinālis (= principal, chief), from cardō (= hinge of a door, pivot; that on which something turns), which is of uncertain origin. Perhaps it derives from IE base * (s)qerād– (= to turn, swing; leap, jump, bound). See ‘cardinal’ (adj. & n.) in my CEDEL. For the L. ending – ãlis see adj. suff. ‘–al’ ibid.] Derivative: קַרְדִּינָלִי.

קַרְדִּינָלִי adj. FW cardinal. [Formed from קַרְדִּינָל with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַרְדֹּם m.n. (pl. קַרֽדֻּמִּים, also קַרֽדֻּמּוֹת) axe. [Of uncertain origin. Arab. qaddūm, qadūm (= adze), is a Heb. loan word. קַרֽדֹּם possibly derives from a base קדם, enlargement of base קדד ᴵᴵ (= to cut).] Derivative: קרדם.

קרדם to cut, to hew, to carve.
    — Pi. - קִרְדֵּם he cut, hewed, carved. [Denominated from קַרְדֹּם.]

קרה ᴵ to encounter, meet, befall, occur, happen.
    — Qal - קָרָה 1 he encountered, met; 2 it befell. Niph. נִקְרָה 1 he encountered, met; 2 he chanced to be present.
    — Hiph. - הִקְרָה 1 he caused to meet; 2 he caused something good or right to occur.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְרָה it occurred, happened.
    — Hith. - הִתְקָרָה he happened to meet. [Related to Ugar. qry (= to encounter, meet), Arab. qarā (= he went about), qarā(y) (= he received hospitably, entertained), Ethiop. ’aqāraya (= he presented, offered as a sacrifice). cp. קרא ᴵᴵ. cp. also קִרְיָה.] Derivatives: קוֹרוֹת, קְרִי ᴵ, קְרִי ᴵᴵ, הִקָּרוּת, מִקְרֶה, תֶּקֶר ᴵᴵ, תַּקְרִית. cp. אַקְרַאי.

קרה ᴵᴵ to lay beams, roof, cover.
    — Pi. - קֵרָה he laid the beams of, furnished with beams.
    — Pu. - קוֹרָה was furnished with beams. [Denominated from קוֹרָה (= beam).] Derivatives: קֵרוּי, מְקָרֶה, מְקֹרֶה, תִּקֽרָה.

קרה ᴵᴵᴵ to have a nocturnal pollution.
    — Niph. - נִקְרָה he had a nocturnal pollution.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽרָה (of s.m.). [Denominated from קְרִי.]

קָרֶה see קֽרִי.

קָרָה f.n. cold. [Formed from קרר ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קֹרָה f.n. PBH pleasure, satisfaction (occurring only in the phrases קֹרַת־רוּחַ, קֹרַת־נֶפֶשׁ, ‘satisfaction’, ‘pleasure’. [Formed from קֹר with first suff. ◌ָה and lit. meaning ‘feeling (agreeably) cool’.]

קָרוּא adj. & n. 1 called. 2 invited. PBH 3 called to the Torah. [Pass. part. of קָרָא. See קָרָא ᴵ and cp. קָרִיא. cp. also קֽרֵי, which is the exact Aram. equivalent of Heb. קָרוּא.]

קָרוֹב adj. near, close, approximately. [From קרב. cp. Aram. קָרִיב, Syr. קַרִּיבָא, Arab. qarīb (= near).] Derivative: קֽרִיבוּת.

קֵרוּב m.n. PBH 1 nearness, proximity. NH 2 bringing near. [Verbal n. of קֵרַב, Pi. of קרב.]

קָרוֹבָא m.n. PBH (pl. קָרוֹבִין) leader in prayer, reader, cantor. [Aram. nomen opificis formed, after the pattern פָּעוֹלָא, from קֽרַב (= he came near), and denoting a person who ‘used to go near the holy ark for prayer’. See קרב.] Derivative: קְרוֹבָה.

קְרוֹבָה f.n. MH ‘Kerovah’ — liturgical poem (piyyut) inserted in the Amidah prayer for festivals and distinguished Sabbaths. [Formed from קָרוֹבָא and orig. denoting a prayer composed or recited by the reader or cantor. cp. קֽרוֹבֶץ.]

קְרוֹבֶץ m.n. MH ‘kerovah’ (see קְרוֹבָה). [Corrupt spelling of קֽרוֹבוֹת. According to an erroneous popular explanation the word קֽרוֹבֶץ was formed from the initials of the verse קוֹל רִנָּה וִישׁוּעָה בּֽאָהֳלֵי צַדִּיקִים (Ps. 118:15), ‘The voice of joy and salvation in the tents of the righteous’. According to my opinion the word קֽרוֹבָץ is a blend of קָרוֹבוֹת, pl. of קָרוֹבָא, and Old Fren. trouveres (= minstrels — French poets in the 11th century).]

קֵרוּד m.n. PBH currying, scraping. [Verbal n. of קֵרַד. See קרד.]

קָרֽוּחַ adj. NH 1 bald. MH 2 empty. [Pass. part. of קָרַח. See קרח ᴵ.]

קָרוּי adj. PBH called. [A secondary form of קָרוּא.]

קָרוֹי m.n. PBH (pl. קָרוֹיוֹת) person called up to read in the Torah. [Nomen opificis formed from קרה; a secondary form of קרא ᴵ.]

קֵרוּי m.n. PBH roofing. [Verbal n. of קֵרָה. See קרה ᴵᴵ.]

קֵרוּיָה, קַרְוִיָּה f.n. (pl. קֵרוּיוֹת) gourd. [Related to קרא ᴵᴵ.]

קְרוּם m.n. PBH (pl. קְרוּמִים, also קֽרוּמוֹת) membrane, skin. [From קרם. cp. Aram.-Syr. קְרָמָא (= covering, membrane).] Derivatives: קָרוּם, קָרֹם, קְרוּמִי, קְרוּמִית.

קָרוּם adj. MH covered with a membrane. [From קרם.]

קְרוּמִי adj. MH membraneous. [Formed from קֽרוּם with suff. ◌ִי.]

קְרוּמִית f.n. PBH membranelle. [Formed from קְרוּם with dimin. suff. ◌ִית. cp. קֽלוּמִית.]

קִרוּן m.n. PBH irradiation. [From קרן ᴵ.]

קָרוֹן m. & f. (pl. קְרוֹנוֹת) PBH 1 cart, traveling coach. NH 2 railroad waggon (in this sense only m.). [Gk. karron, from L. carrus (= car), a word of Celtic origin. cp. the first element in קֽרוֹנוֹעַ. cp. also קָרִיקָטוֹרָה, קַרְיֶרָה, שַׁרְז׳.] Derivative: קְרוֹנַאי.

קְרוֹנַאי m.n. NH carter, coachman. [Formed from קָרוֹן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

קְרוֹנֽוֹעַ m.n. NH railcar. [Compounded of קָרוֹן (= car), and נוֹעַ (= to move).]

קְרוֹנִית f.n. NH small cart, wagonette. [Formed from קָרוֹן with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

קֵרוּס m.n. NH bending, kneeling. [Verbal n. of קֵרַס, Pi. of קרס ᴵ.]

קֶרוֹסִין m.n. FW kerosene. [Eng. kerosene, formed from Gk. keros (= wax), which is of uncertain etymology, with suff. - ene (q.v. in my CEDEL).]

קָרֽוּעַ adj. torn. [Pass. part. of קָרַע. See קרע.] Derivative: קְרִיעוּת.

קָרוּץ adj. MH formed, made, created. [Pass. part. of קָרַץ. See קרץ ᴵᴵ.]

קְרוֹקֶט m.n. FW croquet. [A northern dialectic var. of Fren. crochet, dimin. of croc (= hook), which is a Teutonic loan word. See ‘crook’ in my CEDEL.]

קֵרוּר m.n. MH cooling, refrigeration. [Verbal n. of קֵרַר, Pi. of קרר.]

קָרוּשׁ adj. PBH frozen, congealed, coagulated. [Pass. part. of קָרַשׁ. See קרשׁ.]

קִרְזוּל m.n. MH waving, curling (of hair). [Verbal n. of קִרְזֵל. See קרזל.]

קרזל to conglomerate, roll, wave, curl.
    — Pi. - קִרְזֵל MH 1 he conglomerated, rolled together; NH 2 he waved, curled (hair).
    — Pu. - קֻרְזַל was conglomerated, was rolled together.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַרְזֵל he waved or curled his hair. [Related to Arab. qarzalat (= she put her hair together), Syr. קַרֽזֽלָא (= ball of thread, skein).] Derivatives: קִרֽזוּל, מְקֻרְזָל.

קרח ᴵ to make bald.
    — Qal - קָרַח he made bald, made a baldness (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 21:5 and Micha 1:16).
    — Niph. - נִקְרַח he made himself bald (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 16:6); he became bald; 2 it became smooth (said of the surface of fruit).
    — Hiph. - הִקֽרִיחַ 1 he made bald (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 27:31); PBH 2 he uprooted (plants).
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽרַח was made bald (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 29:18 in the form of the part. מֻקֽרָח).
    — Pu. - קֹרַח (see מֽקֹרָח).
    — Hith. - הִתֽקָרַח he became bald. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קֽרַח (= he became bald), Arab. qaraḥa (= he wounded, made sores), qurḥa (= whiteness in the face of a horse), qaraḥ (= shorn field), Ethiop. qarḥa (= he shaved). But Arab. qara‘a (= was bald), aqra (= bald) are derivatives of a base קרע, which is perhaps related to base קרח ᴵ.] Derivatives: קֵרֵחַ, קֶרַח ᴵᴵ, קָרֽחָה, קָרַחַת, קָרוּחַ, קֵרוּחַ, קְרִיחָה ᴵ, הַקְרָחָה, הִתֽקָרְחוּת ᴵ, מֻקֽרָח, מֽקֹרָח, מַקֽרִיחַ.

קרח ᴵᴵ to turn into ice.
    — Niph. - נִקְרַח it turned into ice. [Denominated from קֶרַח ᴵ.] Derivatives: קֽרִיחָה ᴵᴵ, הִתֽקָרֽחוּת ᴵᴵ.

קֵרֵֽחַ adj. 1 bald (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 13:40 and Kin. II 2:23, bis). NH 2 place from which plants have been removed. [From קרח ᴵ.] Derivatives: קֵרֽחוּת, קַרְחָן ᴵ.

קֶֽרַח ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 ice. 2 frost. [Related to JAram. and Syr. קַרֽחָא, Akka. qarḫu (= ice).] Derivatives: קרח ᴵᴵ, קַרְחִי, קַרְחָן ᴵᴵ, קַרֽחוֹן.

קֶֽרַח ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH baldness. [From קרח ᴵ.]

קֹֽרַח personal name ‘Korah’ (in the Bible, Num. 16:1, the son of Izhar, son of Kohath, the son of Levi).

קָרְחָה f.n. 1 bald spot, baldness. NH 2 a desolate place. NH 3 clearing in a forest. [Formed from קרח ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. קָרַחַת.]

קַרְחוֹן m.n. NH glacier, iceberg. [Formed from קֶרַח ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

קֵרְחוּת f.n. MH baldness. [Formed from קֵרֵחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַרְחִי adj. MH icelike. [Formed from קֶרַח ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַרְחָן ᴵ adj. PBH bald-headed, bald. [Formed from קֵרֵחַ (= bald), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קַרְחָן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH ice vendor. [Formed from קֶרַח ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קָרַֽחַת f.n. 1 baldness, esp. on the back of the head, in contradistinction to גַּבַּחַת, i.e. baldness on the forehead (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 13:42 and 43). 2 (fig.) worn out place of cloth at its back (Lev. 13:55). PBH 3 bald spot in a fruit. PBH 4 clearing in a field or a vineyard. [From קרח ᴵ.]

קֹֽרֵט m.n. PBH 1 grain. 2 particle. [Related to Aram. קוֹרֽטָא (= particle), and to קָרָט.]

קָרָט m.n. PBH 1 name of a small ancient weight or coin. NH 2 carat. [Together with Arab. qīrāṭ (= a small weight), borrowed from Gk. keration (= grain of a carob fruit). But the Greek word itself is a Sem. loan word; it is borrowed either from Aram.–Syr. קֵרְטָא (= pod, husk), or Arab. qaraẓ (= pods of the acacia tree). Gk. keration in the above sense is a folk-etymological alteration of the Sem. word and has nothing in common with keration (= small horn), dimin. of keras. Fren. carat, It. caratto etc., (= carat), where borrowed directly from Arab. qīrāṭ. See קֹרֶט.]

קֻרֽטוֹב m.n. PBH PBH 1 a small liquid measure ( ¹/ ₆₄ of a log). NH 2 a small quantity, pinch.

קַרְטוֹגְרָף see כַּדְטוֹגְרָף.

קַרֽטוֹגְרַפֽיָה see כַּרְטוֹגְרַפְיָה.

קַרְטוּט m.n. NH a grain. [Dimin. formed from קֹרֶט through reduplication of the third radical.]

קִרְטוּם m.n. PBH lopping, plucking. [Verbal n. of קִרְטֵם. See קרטם.]

קִרְטוֹן m.n. PBH chalk. [L. crēta (lit.: ‘sifted earth’), from (terra) crēta, f. p. part. of cernere (= to separate, sift, distinguish, discern, understand, decide), which is cogn. with Gk. krinein (= to separate, pick out, decide, judge). The usual derivation of L. crēta (= chalk), from Crēta, the Latin name of the isle of Crete, is erroneous. Any Latin derivative of the island name Crēta must have a Latin suff. If crēta (= chalk) were really a derivative of the island name Crēta, its form should be crētica or crētēnsis, etc., for terra Crētica or Crētēnsis (lit.: ‘earth of Crete’). Confusion with the isle of Crete is prob. due to the fact that Cimolus, one of the islands of the Cretan Sea, was famous for the chalk produced there. cp. ‘crayon’ in my CEDEL.] Prob. derivative: קִרְטֵס.

קַרְטוֹן m.n. FW see כַּרְטוֹן.

קִרְטֽוּעַ m.n. NH caper, leap, jump. [Verbal n. of קִרֽטַע (q.v.).]

קרטט to cut into small pieces.
    — Pil. - קִרְטֵט he cut into small pieces. [Related to Arab. qaraṭa (of s.m.).]

◌קְרַטְיָה suff. FW - cracy, combining form meaning a certain type of ‘rule’ or ‘government’, as in מוֹנוֹקְרַטְיָה (= monocracy). [Gk. kratia (= rule of), from krathos (= strength, might, power, rule, sway, dominion).]

קַרֽטֶל m.n. FW cartel. [Ger. Kartell, from Fren. cartel, from It. cartello (= placard; whence ‘written challenge’), dimin. formed from carta (= paper, writing), from Late L. carta (= a leaf of paper, paper). See כַּרְטוֹן.]

קרטם to pluck, to lop.
    — Pi. - קִרְטֵם 1 he plucked; 2 he lopped.
    — Pu. - קֻרְטַם 1 was plucked; 2 was lopped. [From קטם ᴵ; formed through dissimilation of tt to rt. cp. Syr. קִרְטֵם (= he cut off).] Derivative: קִרְטוּם.

קרטס to scrape, to polish.
    — Pi. - קִרֽטֵס he scraped, polished. [Prob. derived from L. crēta (= chalk), hence lit. meaning ‘to rub with a chalk’.]

קרטע to caper, leap, jump.
    — Pi. - קִרְטַע he capered, leapt, jumped.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַרְטַע (of s.m.). [Related to Aram. קַרֽטַע (= he capered, leapt, jumped); of uncertain origin.] Derivative: קִרְטוּעַ.

קְרִי ᴵ m.n. revolt, rebellion (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 26:21, 23, 24, 27, 40, 41, always in the pausal form קֶרִי). [From קרה ᴵ.]

קְרִי ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 accident, mishap. 2 nocturnal pollution. [From קרה ᴵ. cp. קָרֶה.] Derivative: קרה ᴵᴵᴵ.

קְרֵי m.n. PBH ‘kere’ — Masoretic reading of the Scriptural text (opposite to כְּתִיב). [Pass. part. of Aram. קְרָא (= he read); see קרא ᴵ. This is the right spelling (and not קֽרִי) because קרי is here not the imper., but the pass. part., meaning ‘to be read’ (cp. כּֽתִיב), whereas קְרִי is the past tense of the passive and accordingly means ‘lectum est’ (= was read). cp. קָרוּא, which is the exact Heb. equivalent to Aram. קֽרֵי.]

קָרִיא adj. NH readable, legible. [Coined from קָרָא (= he read; see קרא ᴵ) according to the pattern פָּעִיל which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: קֽרִיאוּת.

קְרִיאָה f.n. (also spelt קְרִיָּה in PBH) 1 calling, proclamation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jon. 3:2). PBH 2 reading aloud, recitation. 3 reading. [Verbal n. of קָרָא. See קרא ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִיאוּת f.n. NH readability, legibility. [Formed from קָרִיא with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְרִיבָה f.n. PBH approach, coming near. [Verbal n. of קָרַב. See קרב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִיבוּת f.n. MH 1 being near. NH 2 familiarity. [Formed from קָרוֹב with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָרִיד adj. NH furred, coated inside a kettle. [Coined on the analogy of Aram. קֽרִיד, which according to Rashi means ‘covered with fur’. See קרד.]

קְרִידָה f.n. MH currying, scraping. [Verbal n. of קָרַד. See קרד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִרֽיָה f.n. (pl. קֽרִיּוֹת, also קְרָיוֹת) 1 town, city. 2 NH suburb. [Related to Phoen. קרת, BAram. קִרְיָא and קִרְיָה, JAram. קִרֽיָא, Syr. קֽרִיתָא, Arab. qarya, qirya, SArab. qirya, Palm. קריא. All these words prob. derive from base קרה ᴵ and orig. meant ‘a meeting place’. cp. קָרָת.]

קְרִיָּה see קְרִיאָה.

קְרִיזִיס see קֽרִיסִיס.

קְרִיחָה ᴵ f.n. PBH plucking (of hair). [Verbal n. of קָרַח. See קרח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קֽרִיחָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH turning into ice. [Verbal n. of קָרַח. See קרח ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִיטִי adj. FW critical. [Back formation from Gk. kritikos (= of, or for, judging, capable of judging), from krites (= judge), from krinein (= to separate, pick out, decide, judge), which is cogn. with L. cernere (= to separate, sift, distinguish, discern, understand, decide), and derives IE base * (s)q(e)rē(i)– (= to separate). For the ending of קֽרִיטִי see suff. ◌ִי. cp. קֽרִיסִיס. cp. also קִרֽטוֹן and the second element in קוֹנְצֶרֽן.]

קְרִיטִיקָה f.n. critique, criticism. [Fren. critique, from Gk. kritike (short for kritike techne, ‘the critical art’), f. of kritikos. See קְרִיטִי.]

קֽרִיטֶרְיוֹן m.n. FW criterion. [From Gk. kriterion (= a means for judging), from krites (= judge), from krinein (= to separate, decide, judge). See קֽרִיטִי.]

קְרִימָה f.n. PBH formation of crust, crusting. [Verbal n. of קָרַם. See קרם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִימִינָלִי adj. FW criminal. [L. crīminālis (= pertaining to crime, criminal), from crīmen (= judicial decision, judgment, charge, crime). It derives from IE base * (s)qrei–, enlargement of the imitative base * qer– (= to shout, cry). See ‘raven’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to. cp. also קרא ᴵ and דִּיסֽקֽרָטִי. For the ending of L. crīminālis see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL, for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קְרִימִינָלִיּוּת.

קְרִימִינָלִיּוּת f.n. FW criminality. [Formed from קְרִימִימָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַרְיָן m.n. NH 1 reader of the Scriptures. NH 2 announcer (on the radio). [From Aram. קַרְיָנָא (q.v.). See קרא ᴵ and agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: קַרְיָנוּת.

קָרִין m.n. FW keel (also in its botanic sense). [Fren. carine, carène (= keel of a ship), from It. carena, from L. carina (of s.m.), orig. ‘shell of a nut’. See ‘careen’ in my CEDEL.]

קַרְיָנָא m.n. PBH reader. [See קַרֽיָן.]

קְרִינָה f.n. MH 1 shining, brilliancy. NH 2 radiation. [Verbal n. of קָרַן. See קרן ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִינוֹלִינָה f.n. FW crinoline. [Fren. crinoline, from It. crinolino, which is compounded of crino (= hair), from L. crīnis, and lino (= flax), from L. līnum. It. crinolino properly denotes a fabric whose woof is made of hair and whose warp is made of linen. See קְרֶפּ. For the etymology of L. līnum see לִינוֹטִיפּ.]

קַרְיָנוּת f.n. NH recitation, announcing (on the radio). [Formed from קַרְיָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְרִיסָה f.n. MH kneeling, bending, squatting. [Verbal n. of קָרַס. See קרס ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִיסְטָל m.n. FW crystal. [From Gk. krystallos (= ice; crystal), which is related to krystainein (= to congeal, freeze). Both these words derive from * kruos (= frost), which is cogn. with L. crusta (= crust), derives from IE base * qreus–, *qrus–, *qruwes–, enlarged forms of base * qreu– (= icy, solid, coagulated, congealed), whence also L. crūdus (= raw). See ‘crude’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘crust’ and words there referred to.]

קְרִיסְטַלּוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW crystallography. [Compounded of Gk. krystallos (see קְרִיסְטָל) and graphia (= to write; see ◌גְרַפֽיָה).]

קְרִיסִיס m.n. FW crisis. [Gk. krisis (= a separating, putting apart, decision). See קֽרִיטִי.]

קָרִֽיעַ adj. NH tearable, lacerable. [Coined from קָרַע (= he tore; see קרע), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

קְרִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 tearing, rending. 2 rending garments over the dead. [Verbal n. of קָרַע. See קרע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִיעוּת f.n. NH being torn. [Formed from קָרוּעַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קְרִיפְּטוֹן m.n. FW krypton (chemistry). [Modern L. krypton, lit.: ‘the hidden’ (element), from Gk. krypton, neuter of kryptos (= hidden), verbal adj. of kryptein (= to hide, conceal), from IE base * qrū–bh–, enlargement of base * qrū– (= to hide). The name krypton was coined by the discoverers of this element the Scottish chemist Sir William Ramsay and the English chemist Morris William Travers in 1898. The element was long undiscovered, hence its name. cp. נֵיאוֹן, קְסֶנוֹן.]

קְרִיצָה f.n. PBH winking, blinking. [Verbal n. of קָרַץ. See קרץ ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִיקֶט m.n. FW cricket. [Eng. cricket, from Old Fren. criquet (= stick, stake used as a goad in the game of bowls), from Dutch cricke (= stick), which stands in gradational relationship to Old Eng. crycc (= crutch). See ‘crutch’ in my CEDEL.]

קָרִיקָטוּרָה f.n. FW caricature, cartoon. [It. caricatura (= a load, overloading), from caricare (= to load, charge), from VL carricāre (= to load a car), from L. carrus (= car; see קָרוֹן). Accordingly It. caricatura properly means ‘an excess in drawing or painting’).] Derivative: קָרִיקָטוּרִיסְטָן.

קָרִיקָטוּרִיסְטָן m.n. FW caricaturist, cartoonist. [Formed from קָרִיקָטוּרָה with suff. ◌ִיסְטָן.]

קָרִיר adj. PBH 1 cool. NH 2 indifferent. [Dimin. of קַר (= cold). cp. Aram. קֽרִיר, קְרִירָא (= cool), Syr. קַרִּיר, קַרִּירָא (= cooling), Arab. qārr (= cold, chilly, cool).] Derivative: קֽרִירוּת.

קְרִירָא adj. PBH cold, chilly. [Aram., related to Heb. קָרִיר (q.v.).]

קַרְיֶרָה f.n. FW career. [Fren. carriere (= racecourse; career), from It. carriera (= wagon), from Late L. carrāria via (= road for vehicles), from carrus (= a two-wheeled wagon). See קָרוֹן.] Derivatives: קַרֽיֶרִיזֽם, קַרֽיֶרִיסֽט.

קַרְיֶרִיזְם m.n. FW careerism. [Formed from קַרֽיֶרָה with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

קַרְיֶרִיסְט m.n. FW careerist. [Formed from קַרֽיֶרָה with suff. ◌ִיסֽט.]

קְרִירוּת f.n. MH 1 coolness. NH 2 indifference. [Formed from קָרִיר with suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

קָרִישׁ ᴵ adj. NH congealed, frozen, hard. [From קרשׁ.] Derivatives: קָרִישׁ (n.), קְרִישׁוּת.

קָרִישׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH jelly. [From קָרִישׁ ᴵ (adj.).]

קְרִישָׁה f.n. MH coagulation, jellying. [Verbal n. of קָרַשׁ. See קרשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְרִישׁוּת f.n. NH being coagulated, coagulation. [Formed from קָרוּשׁ (adj.), with suff. ◌וּת.]

קרם to overlay, cover with crust, incrust.
    — Qal - קָרַם he overlaid, covered with crust, crusted (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 37:6 and 8).
    — Niph. - נִקְרַם was overlaid, was covered with crust; was crusted.
    — Hiph. - הִקְרִים 1 was overlaid, was covered, crusted; 2 he overlaid, covered with crust, crusted.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽרַם was overlaid, was covered with crust, was crusted.
    — Hith. - הִתְקָרֵם (of s.m.). [Related to Aram.–Syr. קֽרַם (= he overlaid, covered with crust, incrusted).] Derivatives: קְרוּם, קַרֽמִי, קְרִימָה, קָרֶמֶת, הַקְרָמָה, הִתֽקָרֽמוּת, מֻקְרָם. cp. קְרָם.

קְרָם m.n. PBH hanging, fine cloth. [Borrowed from Aram.–Syr. קֽרָמָא (= covering), which derives from קרם.]

קָרֹם adj. NH crême (color). [From קְרוּם.]

קְרֶמָטוֹרְיוּם m.n. FW crematory. [Modern L. cremātōrium, from cremātōrius (= pertaining to cremation), from L. cremātus, p. part. of cremāre (= to consume by fire, burn), from IE base * ker–em, an – m– enlargement of base * ker– (= to singe, burn, glow), whence also L. carbō (= coal). See קַרֽבּוֹהִידֽרָט.]

קֶרָמִיקָה f.n. FW ceramics. [From Gk. keramikos (= of pottery, made of earthenware), from keramos (= earthen vessel, jar’s potter’s clay, pottery), a pre-Hellenic word derived from a language of Asia Minor and not cogn. with L. cremāre (= to burn). For the ending of Gk. keramikos see suff. ‘–ic’ in my CEDEL.]

קַרְמִית f.n. PBH Glyceria (a genus of grasses). [Of uncertain origin.]

קָרֶֽמֶת f.n. NH diphtheria (disease). [Coined on the analogy of Med. L. diphteria, from Gk. diphthera (= membrane), from קְרוּם (= membrane), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

קרן ᴵ to grow horns.
    — Qal - קָרַן PBH 1 it grew horns; MH 2 it became as hard as horn.
    — Hiph. - הִקְרִין it brought forth horns (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 69:32 in the form of the part. מַקֽרִן).
    — Hoph. - הֻקְרַן it had its horns grown.
    — Hith. - הִתְקָרֵן it grew horny, hardened. [Denominated from קֶרֶן ᴵ in the sense ‘horn’.] Derivatives: מַקֽרִין, מֻקְרָן, מְקֹרָן.

קרן ᴵᴵ to send out rays; to beam, radiate.
    — Qal - קָרַן it sent out rays, beamed, radiated (in the Bible occurring only Ex. 34:29, 30 and 35).
    — Hiph. - הִקְרִין MH 1 he shed light; MH 2 he caused to shine; NH 3 he showed (a picture) on the screen.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְרַן MH 1 its light was shed, was beamed, was radiated; NH 2 it was shown on the screen. [Denominated from קֶרֶן ᴵ in the sense of ‘ray’.] Derivatives: קֵרוּן, קָרֵן, קְרִינָה, הַקֽרָנָה, קוֹרֵן, מַקְרִין ᴵᴵ, מַקְרֵן, מַקֽרֵנָה, מֻקְרָן, תִּקְרֹנֶת. cp. מֶקְרָן.

קֶֽרֶן ᴵ f.n. (pl. קְרָנוֹת, dual קַרֽנַיִם, also קְרָנַיִם) 1 horn. 2 ‘shofar’, ram’s horn. 3 (fig.) strength, power, might. 4 glory, pride. 5 corner, point, peak. 6 ray. PBH 7 damage done by an animal’s horn. [Related to BAram. קֶרֶן, קַרֽנָא, Aram.-Syr. קַרְנָא, Ugar. qrn, Arab. qarn (= horn), qurna (= salient angel), Ethiop. qarn, Akka. qarnu (= horn).] Derivatives: קרן ᴵ, קרן ᴵᴵ, possibly also קֶרֶן ᴵᴵ, קָרָן, קַרֽנַאי, קַרֽנִי, קַרֽנִית, קַרֽנָן ᴵ, קַרֽנָן ᴵᴵ, קַרְנָן ᴵᴵᴵ, קַרְנָן ᴵⱽ, מְקֹרָן. Cp. the first element in קַרְנוּן, קַרֽנְזוֹל and in קַרְנַף.

קֶרֶן ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH (pl. קְרָנוֹת, also קְרָנִים) fund, capital, principal (in financial meaning). [According to some scholars a special sense development of קֶרֶן ᴵ, according to others borrowed from Akka. qerenu (= heap, pile, stack; threshing floor), qaranu (= he heaped, piled).]

קָרָן m.n. PBH horn player. [Nomen opificis formed from קֶרֶן ᴵ (= horn), according to the pattern פַּעָל (the lengthening of the Pattaḥ to Qamatz is due to the following ר).]

קָרֵן adj. NH shining, radiant. [From קרן ᴵᴵ.]

קַרְנַאי m.n. NH horn player. [Formed from קֶרֶן ᴵ with suff. ◌ַאי.]

קַרְנָבָל m.n. FW carnival. [Fren. carnaval, from It. carnevale, from Med. L. carne, valē (= O flesh, farewell). See ‘carnal’ and ‘vale’ in my CEDEL and cp. וָלוּטָה.]

קַרְנוּן m.n. NH Blennius (a genus of fishes). [Compounded of קֶרֶן ᴵ (= horn), and נוּן (= fish).]

קַרֽנְזוֹל m.n. PBH diagonal. [Of uncertain origin.]

קָרַנְטִין m.n. FW quarantine (orig. ‘forty days’ of isolation to prevent the spread of disease). [It. quarantina, from quaranta (= forty), from L. quadrāgintā, which is formed from quattuor (= four), with - gintā, a suff. denoting ‘tens’ See קְוַדְרַנְט. For the ending of קָרַנְטִין see סֶפְּטוּאָגִיגְטָה.]

קַרְנִי adj. MH horny, corneal. [Formed from קֶרֶן ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַרְנִית f.n. MH cornea (anatomy). [Blend of Heb. קֶרֶן ᴵ (= horn), and L. cornea, short for cornea tunica (lit.: ‘a horny coating’), f. of corneus (= horny), from cornū (= horn), which is cogn. with Gk. keras, karnon (= horn), and derive from IE base ker- (= the uppermost part of the body, head, horn, top, summit), whence also L. cerebrum (= brain). See ‘cerebrum’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘horn’ ibid. For the ending of קַרֽנִית see suff. ◌ִית. cp. קֶרֶשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

קַרְנָן ᴵ m.n. MH 1 having horns. 2 cuckold. [Formed from קֶרֶן ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קַרְנָן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH two-beaked anvil. [Formed from קֶרֶן ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.]

קַרְנָן ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. NH Ceratophyllum (a genus of plants, the hornworts). [Formed on the analogy of the Modern L. name Ceratophyllum, from Gk. keras (= horn), and phyllon (= leaf), from קֶרֶן ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.]

קַרְנָן ᴵⱽ m.n. NH keratin. [Loan translation of the international name keratin (from Gk. keras, ‘horn’). See קֶרֶן ᴵ and suff. ◌ָן.]

קַרְנַף m.n. NH rhinoceros. [Coined by Y. Klausner (1874–1958) on the analogy of Gk. rinokeros (= rhinoceros; lit.: ‘nose-horn’), from ris (= nose) and keras (= horn), from Heb. קֶרֶן (= horn) and אַף (= nose).]

קרנף to bestialize.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַרְנֵף he bestialized, was bestialized. [Denominated from קַרְנַף.] Derivatives: הִתְקַרְנְפוּת, מְקֻרְנָף.

קַרְנְפוֹל m.n. NH 1 carnation. 2 clove. [Arab. qaranful (= carnation, clove). cp. קַרֽפּוֹל.]

קרס ᴵ to bend down, stoop.
    — Qal - קָרַס he bent down, stooped (in the Bible occurring only Is. 46:1 and 2).
    — Pi. - קֵרַס he bent down (tr.), humiliated.
    — Hiph. - הִקְרִיס he bent down. [Perhaps related to Arab. qurṣ (= disk). cp. קַרֽסֹל.] Derivatives: קֵרוּס, קְרִיסָה, מִקְרָס. cp. קֶרֶס, קַרְסֹל.

קרס ᴵᴵ to turn sour.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽרִיס it turned sour. [Related to Aram. קֽרַס, אַקְרֵס (= it turned sour), and to Arab. qaraṣa (= he pinched, nipped, tweaked; he scratched, bit, stung). This is a Sem. base and has nothing in common with Gk. oxeros (= sour), as many scholars would have it.]

קרס ᴵᴵᴵ to contract, harden, shrink (intr.).
    — Hiph. - הִקְרִיס it contracted, hardened, shrank. [Prob. related to קרשׁ (= to freeze, congeal).]

קרס ᴵⱽ to fasten with, or as with, a hook, clasp.
    — Qal - קָרַס he fastened with, or as with, a hook, clasped.
    — Pi. - קֵרַס (of s.m.). [Denominated from קֶרֶס.]

קֶֽרֶס m.n. hook. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps a derivative of קרס ᴵ.]

קִרְסוּם m.n. PBH 1 cutting off branches, trimming of trees. NH 2 biting off, nibbling. [Verbal n. of קִרֽסֵם. See קרסם.]

קַרְסֹל m.n. (dual קַרְסֻלַּיִם, pl. קַרֽסֻלּוֹת) ankle (in the Bible occurring only Sam. II 22:37, Ps. 18:37). [Prob. formed from קדם ᴵ with suff. ל. cp. Aram. קַרְסֻלָּא, קַדְצֻלָּא, Syr. קוּרְצֽלָא (= ankle), Akka. qursinnu (= bone of an animal), possibly also Arab. kursū (= carpal bone, wristbone), Syr. כַּרֽסוּעָא (= small member, joint).] Derivative: קַרֽסֻלִּית.

קַרְסֻלִּית f.n. NH gaiter. [Formed from קַדְסל[[illegible]] with suff. ◌ִית.]

קרסם to chew, gnaw, to cut off.
    — Pi. - קִרְסֵם 1 he chewed, gnawed; 2 he cut off (branches of a tree).
    — Pu. - קֻרֽסַם was chewed, was gnawed.
    — Nith. - נִתְקַרֽסֵם (of s.m.). [A secondary form of כרסם.] Derivative: קִרֽסוּם.

קרע to tear, rend.
    — Qal - קָרַע 1 he tore, rent; 2 he cut off, tore away, tore asunder; PBH 3 he rent his garment in mourning; PBH 4 he canceled, abolished.
    — Niph. - נִקֽרַע 1 was torn, was rent; 2 was split, was cut asunder; PBH 3 was canceled, was abolished.
    — Pi. - קֵרַע 1 he tore, rent; 2 he cut off, tore asunder.
    — Pu. - קֹרַע 1 was torn, was rent; 2 was cut off, was torn asunder.
    — Nith. - נִתְקָרַע 1 became torn; 2 was damaged.
    — Hiph. - הִקְרִיעַ he caused to tear.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽרַע was made to be torn; was torn. [Related to JAram. קֽרַע (= he tore), Arab. qara‘a (= he tore).] Derivatives: קָרַע, קָרוּעַ, קָרִיעַ, קְרִיעָה, הִקָּרֽעוּת, מְקֹרָע.

קֶרַע m.n. 1 torn piece, rag, tatter. PBH 2 rent, hole. NH 3 split, division. [From קרע.]

קְרֶפּ m.n. FW crêpe. [Fren. crêpe (= crape), from L. crispus (= curled), from IE base * (s)qreis–, whence also L. crīnis (= hair), and crista (= tuft on the head of animals, cockscomb). See קְרִינוֹלִינָה.]

קַרְפָּדָה f.n. NH toad. [Prob. a blend of Aram. קַרֽפּֽדַאי, קוּרְפּֽדַאי (an animal of uncertain origin and meaning), and Fren. crapand (= toad).]

קַרְפּוֹל m.n. NH clove. [Arab. qaranful (= carnation, clove). cp. קַרְנְפוֹל.]

קַרְפִּיּוֹן m.n. NH carp (fish); Cyprinus carpīo. [Modern L. carpiō, from Late L. carpa, which is a Teutonic loan word. See ‘carp’ in my CEDEL.]

קַרֽפִּיף m.n. (pl. קַרְפִּיפִים, resp. קַרְפֵּפִים, also קַרְפֵּפוֹת) (also spelt קַרֽפֵּף) enclosure, fenced area. [Of uncertain origin. It is possibly borrowed from Akka. qabdippu (= parapet, balustrade).] Derivative: קרפף.

קרפף to fence in.
    — Pi. - קִרֽפֵּף he fenced in.
    — Pu. - קֻרְפַּף was fenced in. [Denominated from קַרְפִּיף.]

קרץ ᴵ to cut, nip, pinch.
    — Qal - קָרַץ PBH 1 he cut into, made an incision, nipped off, cut out (dough); MH 2 he formed, shaped, made.
    — Niph. - נִקְרַץ was cut off, was nipped off.
    — Pu. - קֹרַץ was torn off, was nipped off (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 33:6). [Related to JAram. קֽרִיצָא, קֽרִיצֽתָא, Syr. קַרְצָנָא (= frost), Ugar. qrṣ (= to cut off), Arab. qaraṣa (= he pinched), qaraḍa (= he cut, cut off, severed), Ethiop. qaraṣa (= he incised), Akka. qarāṣu (= to nip off). Base קרץ ᴵ is related to base קרשׁ. cp. קרצף. cp. also גְּרִיץ.] Derivatives: קֶרֶץ ᴵ, קֶרֶץ ᴵᴵ, קָרוּץ, קַרֽצִית, מִקֽרֶצֶת. cp. קֻרֽצָא.

קרץ ᴵᴵ to wink maliciously (lit.: ‘to pinch the eye’); to compress (lit.: ‘to pinch one’s lips’).
    — Qal - קָרַץ 1 he winked maliciously (lit.: ‘he pinched the eye’); 2 (with שְׂפָתַיִם) he compressed his lips (lit.: ‘he pinched his lips’).
    — Pi. - קֵרַץ he winked, gesticulated. [Figurative use of קרץ ᴵ.] Derivatives: קֶרָץ ᴵᴵᴵ, קְרִיצָה, קוֹרֽצָנִי.

קֶרֶץ ᴵ m.n. gadfly (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 46:20). [From קרץ ᴵ. JAram. קָרוֹצָא, Arab. qāris (= mosquito; lit.: ‘a biting insect’).]

קֶרֶץ ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH lump of dough (lit.: ‘piece cut off’). [From קרץ ᴵ.] See קֻרֽצָא.]

קֶֽרֶץ ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. MH winking. [From קרץ ᴵᴵ.]

קֻרְצָא f.n. PBH lump of dough. [Aram. & BAram. קַרְצָא, OSAram. karṣe (= piece of bread, bread; lit.: ‘something cut off’). See קרץ ᴵ and cp. קֶרֶץ ᴵᴵ.]

קִרְצוּף m.n. PBH currying, scratching. [Verbal n. of קִרְצֵף. See קרצף.]

קַרְצִית f.n. PBH tick (lit.: ‘biter’). [Formed from קרץ ᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

קַרְצֹל m.n. PBH ankle. [A secondary form of קַרֽסֹל.]

קרצף to curry, scrape, scratch.
    — Pi. - קִרֽצֵף he curried, scraped, scratched.
    — Pu. - קֻרְצַף was curried, was scraped, was scratched.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַרְצֵף he scratched himself. [Related to Aram. קַרְצֵף (= he curried, scraped, scratched). The base קרצף is of uncertain origin. It is perhaps an enlargement of קרץ ᴵ.] Derivatives: קִרֽצוּף, קַרְצֶפֶת.

קַרְצֶֽפֶת f.n. NH currycomb. [Formed from קִרֽצֵף (see קרצף) with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קֻרֽקְבָן m.n. PBH 1 crop, craw. 2 (fig.) stomach. [Related to Aram. קוּרְקֽבָנָא, Syr. קַרְקְבָנָא (= crop, craw), Akka. quqqubānu (= maw), to which they stand as כרסם stands to כסם.]

קִרְקֽוּעַ m.n. NH grounding (an aircraft or a pilot). [Verbal n. of קִרְקַע, Pi. of קרקע.]

קִרְקוּר ᴵ m.n. PBH croaking of frogs. [Verbal n. of קִרְקֵר. See קרקר ᴵ.]

קִרְקוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. MH undermining, tearing down. [Verbal n. of קִרְקֵר. See קרקר ᴵᴵ.]

קִרְקוּשׁ m.n. MH clapping, ringing, rattling. [Verbal n. of קִרְקֵשׁ. See קרקשׁ.]

קָרָקָל m.n. FW caracal. [Fren. caracal, from Turkish qarah qūlāk (= black ear).]

קִרְקָס m.n. PBH (pl. קִרְקָסִים, also קִרְקְסָאוֹת and קִרְקֽסָיוֹת) circus. [L. circus (= a circle, ring, a round enclosure for games), more prob. borrowed from, than cognate with Gk. kirkos, krikos (= a ring), from IE base * qri–q–, enlargement of base * qer– (= to turn, twist).]

קַרֽקַע m. & f.n. (pl. קַרֽקָעוֹת, also קַרְקָעִים) 1 soil, ground. 2 bottom, floor. PBH 3 immovable property. [Together with Aram. קַרְקֽעָא dissimilated from Arab. qarqar. cp. Arab. qarqar or qariq (= even ground), Akka. qaqqaru (= floor), and also with Arab. qa‘r (= bottom, pit, hole, cavity). See קֽעָדָה and cp. קַרְקֶרֶת.] Derivatives: קַרְקָעִי, קַרֽקָעִית, מֽקַרְקְעִין.

קרקע to ground (an aircraft or a pilot).
    — Pi. - קִרֽקַע he grounded.
    — Pu. - קֻרֽקַע was grounded. [Denominated from קַרְקַע (= ground).] Derivatives: קִרְקוּעַ, מְקֻרֽקָע.

קַרְקָעִי adj. NH 1 of, or pertaining to, the soil. 2 landed. [Formed from קַרֽקַע with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַרֽקָעִית f.n. NH bottom, base. [Formed from קַרְקַע with suff. ◌ִית.]

קרקף to behead, to scalp.
    — Pi. - קִרְקֵף 1 he beheaded. 2 he scalped.
    — Pu. - קֻרְקַף 1 was beheaded; 2 was scalped. [Denominated from קַרְקֶפֶת.]

קַרְקֶֽפֶת f.n. MH head, skull. [From JAram. קַרְקַפֽתָּא. See קַרֽקַפֽתָּא.]

קַרְקַפְתָּא f.n. PBH head, skull. [JAram. and Syr., from קַרֽקַף (= the bald scalp of the head, head), which is prob. related to Arab. quff (= hill).]

קרקר ᴵ to crow, cackle, croak.
    — Pilp. - קִרְקֵר 1 it crowed, cackled, croaked; 2 (contemptuously) he shouted.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַרְקֵר was shouted. [Of imitative origin. cp. Aram. קַרְקֵר (= made a noise, cried, crowed — said of an animal), Syr. קוּרְקָרָא (= buzzing, humming in the ear; clucking of a hen), Arab. taqarqara (= it brayed — said of a camel; cooed — said of a pigeon; purred — said of a cat), which are also imitative.] Derivatives: קִרְקוּר ᴵ, קַרְקֵרָה, קַרְקְרָן.

קרקר ᴵᴵ to tear down, destroy, undermine.
    — Pilp. - קִרֽקֵר he tore down, destroyed, undermined (prob. occurring Is. 22:5 in the form of the part. מֽקַרֽקַר).
    — Pulp. - קֻרֽקַר was torn down, was destroyed, was undermined.
    — Nith. - נִתֽקַרְקֵר (of s.m.). [Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to עִרֽעֵר ᴵ.] Derivative: קִרֽקוּר ᴵᴵ.

קַרְקֵרָה f.n. NH succession of croakings. [Formed from קִרֽקֵר (see קרקר ᴵ) with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קַרְקְרָן m.n. NH croaker. [Formed from קִרֽקֵר (see קרקר ᴵ) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: קַרְקְרָנִי.

קַרְקְרָנִי adj. NH croaking. [Formed from קַרֽקֽרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַרְקֶֽרֶת f.n. bottom (of a vessel). [Related to Arab. qarqar (= even ground), and to קַרְקַע (q.v.). For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

קרקשׁ to clap, ring, rattle.
    — Pi. - קִרְקֵשׁ he clapped, rang; it rattled.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקִרֽקֵשׁ was clapped, was rung. [Of imitative origin. cp. the bases קשׁקשׁ and שׁקשׁק which are also imitative.] Derivatives: קִרֽקוּשׁ, קַרֽקָשׁ ᴵ, קַרֽקָשׁ ᴵᴵ.

קַרְקָשׁ ᴵ m.n. PBH bell, clapper. [From קרקשׁ.]

קַרְקָשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH drill. [From קרקשׁ; so called from the sound it makes.]

קרר to be cold.
    — Qal - קָרַר was cold.
    — Niph. - נָקַר and נִקְרַר MH became cold.
    — Pi. - קֵרַר he cooled.
    — Pu. - קֹרַר NH 1 was cooled; MH 2 he caught a cold.
    — Hith. - הִתְקָרֵר PBH 1 was cooled, was cooled off; MH 2 he caught a cold.
    — Hiph. - הֵקַר he cooled, kept cool.
    — Hiph. - הוּקַר was cooled, was kept cool. [Related to Aram. קֽרַר (= was cold), אִתְקָרַר (= cooled off), Syr. קַר, Arab. qarra, Ethiop. qarara (= was cold), possibly also to Arab. qarāra (= depth of a well).] Derivatives: קַר, קֹר, קָרָה, קֹרָה, קֶרֶר, קֵרוּר, קָרִיר, הִתְקָרְרוּת, מֵקַר, מֽקֵרָה, מַקְרֵר, מְקָרֵר, מֽקֹרָר. cp. קְרִירָא.

קָרָר m.n. PBH carter, coachman. [L. carrārius, whence also Syr. קַרָרָא.]

קֶֽרֶר m.n. MH cold. [From קרר. cp. קֹר.]

קרשׁ to freeze, congeal.
    — Qal - קָרַשׁ PBH 1 froze, congealed; NH 2 became firm, solidified.
    — Niph. - נִקְרַשׁ froze, was frozen, congealed, coagulated.
    — Hith. - הִתְקָרֵשׁ became frozen; 2 it turned into a jelly.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽרִישׁ it froze, congealed, coagulated.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְרַשׁ was frozen, was congealed, was coagulated. [The original meaning of this base was ‘to cut’ — as in Akka. qarāshu (= to split, separate) — esp. ‘to cut wood’, whence קֶרֶשׁ ᴵ. cp. Akka. qarshu (= joint; slice of bread). However, in MH, Aram. and Syr. קְרַשׁ, Arab. qarisa, the base obtained the specific meaning of ‘to cut, to split’ (said of the cold). Base קרשׁ is related to קרץ ᴵ, prob. also to קרס ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קָרוּשׁ, קָרִישׁ (adj. & n.), קֽרִישָׁה, הַקְרָשָׁה, הִתְקָשׁוּת, מִקְרָשׁ, מֻקֽרָשׁ, מִקְרֶשֶׁת, תַּקֽרִישׁ.

קֶרֶשׁ ᴵ m.n. board, plank. [From קרשׁ, whence קֶרֶשׁ lit. means ‘piece of wood cut off’. In Ugar. qrsh means ‘tabernacle’. Prob. related to Akka. karāshu (= camp). cp. קֶרֶשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

קֶרֶשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. unicorn. [Prob. a blend of קֶרֶשׁ ᴵ and Gk. keras (= horn). See קַרְנִית.]

קְרֶשֶׁנְדּוֹ adv. FW crescendo. [It. crescendo (= gradually increasing in loudness; lit.: ‘increasing’), from crescere (= to grow), from L. crēscere (of s.m.), from IE base * ker- (= to grow), whence also L. creāre (= to create), Cerēs (Italian corn goddess, lit.: ‘goddess of growth’). cp. ‘create’ in my CEDEL.]

קֶֽרֶת f.n. town, city. [Related to JAram. קַרְתָּא (q.v.), Ugar. qrt (= town, city), and to Phoen. קרת in קרת חדשׁת (a place name), also in Carthage, prob. also in מלך־קרת, ‘Melkart’, hence lit. meaning ‘king of the city’, and in the place names Cirta, Tigranocerta, etc. cp. קִרְיָה.] Derivatives: קַרְתָּן, קַרְתָּנִי.

קַרְתָּא f.n. PBH town. [Aram. See קֶרֶת.]

קַרֽתָּן m.n. PBH townsman. [Formed from קֶרֶת with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: קַרְתָּנוּת, קַרְתָּנִי.

קַרְתָּנוּת f.n. NH provincialism. [Formed from קַרְתָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַרֽתָּנִי adj. PBH provincial. [Formed from קַרֽתָּן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַשׁ m.n. straw, stubble, chaff. [From קשׁשׁ ᴵ, whence also Aram. קַשָּׁא, Syr. קֶשָּׁא (= stubble, dry stalk). Arab. qashsh (= straw), is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: קַשִּׁי, קַשִּׁית, קַשְׁקַשׁ.

קשׁב to incline one’s ears, to listen, hearken.
    — Qal - קָשַׁב he inclined his ears, listened, harkened (in the Bible occurring only Is. 32:3 in the form תִּקְשַׁבֽנָה).
    — Hiph. - הִקֽשִׁיב 1 he inclined his ears, gave attention, listened, hearkened; 2 he obeyed.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽשַׁב he was listened to. [A base occurring only in Hebrew.] Derivatives: קַשָּׁב ᴵ, קַשָּׁב ᴵᴵ, קֶשֶׁב, קַשְׁבָן, קָשׁוּב, קַשּׁוּב, הֶקֽשֵׁב, הַקְשָׁבָה.

קַשָּׁב ᴵ adj. attentive (in the Bible occurring only Neh. 1:6 and 11). [From קשׁב.]

קַשָּׁב ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 listener. NH 2 monitor (listener to foreign broadcasts). [Nomen opificis from קשׁב.]

קֶֽשֶׁב m.n. attention, attentiveness. [From קשׁב.]

קִשָּׁבוֹן m.n. MH (pl. קִשְּׁבוֹנוֹת) attention, attentiveness. [Formed from קשׁב with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

קַשְׁבָן, קַשְׁבָנִי adj. NH very attentive. [Formed from קשׁב with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קשׁה to be hard, be stiff; to be severe; to be difficult.
    — Qal - קָשָׁה 1 was hard, was difficult; NH 2 became solid, became firm.
    — Niph. - נִקְשָׁה was hard pressed (in the Bible occurring only Is. 8:25).
    — Pi. - קִשָּׁה MH 1 he had difficulty; 2 (in the f.) she had severe labor; MH 3 he made hard, hardened.
    — Pu. - קֻשָּׁה was made hard, was hardened.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַשָּׁה 1 became hard, became stiff; 2 he found difficult, met with difficulties; 3 (in the f.) she had severe labor; 4 he behaved cruelly; 5 he was reluctant.
    — Hiph. - הִקְשָׁה NH 1 he made hard, made stiff, hardened, stiffened; NH 2 he made difficulties; 3 he was stubborn (short for הִקְשָׁה עֹרֶף); PBH 4 became hard; 5 he asked a difficult question, argued against (short for הִקְשָׁה לִשְׁאֹל).
    — Hoph. - הֻקְשָׁה PBH 1 was made hard, was made stiff, was hardened, was stiffened; PBH 2 became difficult; MH 3 became hard to understand, became unintelligible. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קֽשָׁא (= was hard, was difficult), Arab. qasā (= was hard, was harsh, was severe, was cruel, was merciless). cp. מִקֽשָׁה ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קָשֶׁה, קְשִׁי, קָשׁוּי, קִשּׁוּי, קֻשְׁיָה, קְשִׁיָּה, קִשְׁיוֹן, קַשֽׁיוּת, קַשְׁיָן, הַקְשָׁאָה, הַקְשָׁיָה, הִתְקַשּׁוּת, מַקְשֶׁה, מַקְשָׁן, נִקְשֶׁה, נֻקְשֶׁה.

קָשֶׁה adj. 1 hard. 2 difficult. 3 severe, cruel. 4 fierce, violent. MH 5 difficult to understand. [From קשׁה. cp. JAram. קְשִׁי, קַשְׁיָא (= hard), Egypt.–Aram. מיא קשׁיא (= cataract), Egypt. qasay (= hard).] Derivatives: קָשׁוּת ᴵ, קַשְׁיוּת.

קִשּׁוּא m.n. 1 cucumber (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 11:5). 2 gourd, vegetable marrow. [Related to MH קָשׁוּת, Syr. קַשׁוּתָא, Punic kissou, Arab. quththā, qiththa, Ethiop. pl. qesāt, Akka. qishshu (= cucumber). Gk. sikuos (= cucumber) is a Heb. loan word. See ‘Sicyos’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: מִקְשָׁאָה ᴵ, מִקְשָׁאָן.

קָשׁוּב adj. MH listened to. [Pass. part. of קָשַׁב. See קשׁב.]

קַשּׁוּב adj. attentive (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 130:2 and Chron. II 6:40 and 7:15). [From קשׁב.]

קַשְׂוָה f.n. a vessel for libation. [Related to JAram. קַסְוָתָא (= a measure; a vessel for libation), Arab. qashwa (= basket of palm leaves), Ethiop. qasūt (= urn, jar), Syr. קֶסֽטָא (= jar; the ט is due to the assimilation to the preceding ק). cp. קַסְוָה. cp. also קֶסֶת.]

קָשֽׁוּחַ adj. NH hard, cruel. [Pass. part. of קָשַׁח. See קשׁח.]

קָשׁוּט ᴵ adj. adorned, decorated, ornamented. [Pass. part. of קָשַׁט. See קשׁט ᴵ.]

קָשׁוּט ᴵᴵ adj. MH verified, confirmed. [From קשׁט ᴵᴵ.]

קִשּׁוּט ᴵ m.n. PBH adornment, decoration. [Verbal n. of קִשֵּׁט, Pi. of קשׁט ᴵ.] Derivative: קִשּׁוּטִי.

קִשּׁוּט ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH shot. [Verbal n. of קִשֵּׁט, Pi. of קשׁט ᴵᴵ.]

קְשׁוֹט m.n. MH truth. [From BAram. קְשֹׁט, Mand. קושטא. See קשְׁט ᴵ.]

קִשּׁוּטִי adj. NH pertaining to adornment, pertaining to decoration. [Formed from קִשּׁוּט ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קִשּׁוּטִיּוּת.

קִשּׁוּטִיּוּת f.n. NH ornamentation. [Formed from קִשּׁוּטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָשׁוּי adj. NH hard, hardened. [From קשׁה; formally pass. part. of קָשָׁה.]

קִשּׁוּי m.n. PBH 1 hardening, stiffening. 2 hard labor (of a woman). [Verbal n. of קִשָּׁה, Pi. of קשׁה.]

קָשׁוּר adj. 1 bound, tied. 2 connected, joined. 3 strong, vigorous (lit.: well-knit). [Pass. part. of קָשַׁר. See קשׁר.]

קִשּׁוּר m.n. PBH 1 binding, tying, tie. 2 ribbon. NH 3 juncture, joint. [Verbal n. of קִשֵּׁר, Pi. of קשׁר.]

קָשׁוּשׁ adj. NH 1 gathered (said esp. of straw). 2 covered with straw. [Pass. part. of קָשַׁשׁ. See קשׁשׁ ᴵ.]

קָשׁוּת ᴵ f.n. MH hardness, difficulty, severity. [Formed from קָשֶׁה with suff. ◌וּת. cp. קַשְׁיוּת.]

קָשׁוּת ᴵᴵ adj. NH vaulted, arched. [From קֶשֶׁת (= bow, arch). cp. קָשֹׁת.]

קִשּׁוּת f.n. PBH [A secondary form of קִשּׁוּא.]

קשׁח to be hard.
    — Qal - קָשַׁח was hard, became hard.
    — Niph. - נִקְשַׁח was made hard.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַשַּׁח (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִקְשִׁיחַ 1 he made hard, made stubborn; 2 he treated harshly, treated roughly.
    — Hoph. - הֻקֽשַׁח was made hard, was made stubborn. [Related to Arab. qasaḥa (= was hard, was firm, was tough).] Derivatives: קָשֵׁחַ, קִשֵּׁחַ, קֶשַׁח, קִשָּׁחוֹן, קָשׁוּחַ, קִשְׁחוּת, קָשׁוּחַ, קָשִׁיחַ, הַקְשָׁחָה, הִהֽקַשֽׁחוּת, מֻקְשָׁח.

קָשֵֽׁחַ adj. NH 1 rigid. 2 cruel. [From קשׁח.]

קִשֵֽׁחַ adj. f.n. hard, rigid. [From קשׁח.]

קֶֽשַׁח m.n. NH hardness, rigor. [From קשׁח.]

קִשָּׁחוֹן m.n. NH hardness, rigor. [Formed from קשּׁח with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

קִשְׁחוּת f.n. NH hardness, rigor. [Formed from קשׁח with suff. ◌וּת.]

קשׁט ᴵ to make straight; to arrange.
    — Qal - קָשַׁט he adorned, decorated, ornamented, embellished.
    — Niph. - נִקְשַׁט was adorned, was decorated, was ornamented, was embellished.
    — Pi. - קִשֵּׁט he adorned, decorated, ornamented, embellished.
    — Pu. - קֻשַּׁט was adorned, was decorated, was ornamented, was embellished.
    — Hith. - הִתֽקַשֵּׁט he adorned himself, decorated himself. [Whence ‘to adorn, decorate, ornament, embellish’, whence Palm. קשׁט (= to succeed), Aram. קְשׁוֹט, קֻשְׁטָא (= truth; see קשְׁט ᴵ). cp. the related base כשׁט appearing in Aram. אַכְשֵׁט (= was happy, was esteemed), Mand. כשׁט (= to be true) and in the n. תַּכְשִׁיט (q.v.). See the introductory entry to the letter כ.] Derivatives: קַשָּׁט ᴵ, קֶשֶׁט, קַשְּׁטָנוּת, קָשׁוּט ᴵ, קִשּׁוּט ᴵ, הִתְקַשּֽׁטוּת, מֽקֻשָּׁט, תַּקֽשִׁיט, תִּקֽשֹׁטֶת.

קשׁט ᴵᴵ to make true, correct.
    — Pi. - קִשֵּׁט he made true, verified, confirmed.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַשֵּׁט was made true, was verified, was confirmed. [Denominated from קשׁט (= truth). See קשְׁט ᴵ.] Derivative: קָשׁוּט ᴵᴵ.

קשׁט ᴵᴵᴵ to shoot. [Prob. denominated from קֹשֶט (= bow), or directly from קֶשֶׁת. cp. Syr. קְשַׁט (= he shot an arrow), which is denominated from קֶשֽׁתָּא (= bow). Accordingly Heb. קִשֵּׁט, קָשַׁט and Syr. קֽשַׁט would lit. mean ‘he shot (an arrow) from a bow’. For the interchangeability of ט and ת see the introductory entry to the letter ט.] Derivatives: קַשָּׁט ᴵᴵ, קִשּׁוּט ᴵᴵ, קַשְׁטָנִית.

קשְׁט ᴵ m.n. truth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 22:21). [Related to BAram. קְשׁט (see קְשׁוֹט), JAram. קְשׁוֹט, קֻשְׁטָא, Syr. קוּשְׁתָּא, Mand. כושׁטא, Arab. qisṭ (= truth). All these words derive from base קשׁט, resp. כשׁט (= to make straight; to adorn). See קשׁט ᴵ.]

קשְׁט ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH costus. [Related to JAram. קושׁט, Syr. קוּשֽׁתָּא, Arab. qusṭ, kusṭ, kust (= costus). These words are borrowed from I. kúṣṭha- whence also Gk. kostos, whence L. costus.]

קֽשֶׁט m.n. bow (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 60:6). [Prob. a secondary form of קָשֶׁת. For the interchangeability of ת and ט see the introductory entry to the letter ט.]

קַשָּׁט ᴵ m.n. NH decorator. [Nomen opificis formed from קִשֵּׁט, Pi. of קשׁט ᴵ, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

קַשָּׁט ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH bowman, archer. [A secondary form of קַשָּׁת.]

קֶֽשֶׁט m.n. NH adornment, decoration. [From קשׁט ᴵ.]

קַשְּׁטָנוּת f.n. NH the art of decoration. [Formed from קִשֵּׁט, Pi. of קשׁט ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

קַשְׁטָנִית see קַשֽׁתָּנִית.

קְשִׁי m.n. (less exactly קֹשִׁי, which is properly the pausal form) 1 hardness. 2 stubbornness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 9:27). 3 difficulty. 4 severity of labor (of a woman). [From קשׁה.]

קַשִּׁי adj. NH like straw, strawy. [Formed from קַשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.]

קָשְׁיָא adj. PBH difficult; contradictory. [Aram., properly f. of קְשֵׁי (= hard, difficult), part. of קְשָׁא (= was hard, was difficult). See קשׁה and cp. קֻשֽׁיָה.]

קֻשְׁיָה f.n. PBH 1 difficulty. 2 difficult question, problem. 3 objection. [Aram. קֻשְׁיָא, from קֶשָׁא (= was hard, was difficult). See קשׁה and cp. קָשְׁיָא.]

קְשִׁיָּה f.n. MH 1 hardness. 2 difficulty. [Formed from קשׁה with first suff. ◌ָה.]

קְשִׁיבָה f.n. MH listening. [Verbal n. of קָשַׁב. See קשׁב and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קִשְׁיוֹן m.n. MH induration. [Formed from קשׁה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

קַשְׁיוּת f.n. PBH 1 hardness. PBH 2 difficulty. NH 3 severity. [Formed from קשׁה with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָשִֽׁיחַ adj. NH hard, stiff, rigid. [From קשׁח.] Derivative: קְשִׁיחוּת.

קְשִׁיחוּת f.n. NH hardness, stiffness, rigidity. [Formed from קָשִׁיחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קֽשִׂיטָה f.n. certain weight of unknown value (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 33:19, Josh. 24:32, Job 42:11). [The word prob. means lit.: ‘the right (value)’ and is related to Arab. qisṭ (= just, fair, equitable, right, correct); as a noun (pl. ’aqsāṭ) it means ‘right weight’).]

קַשְׁיָן m.n. NH one who causes difficulties. [Formed from קשׁה with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קָשִׁיר adj. NH that which can be bound. [Coined from קשׁר ‘to bind, tie’, according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

קְשִׁירָה f.n. PBH binding, tying. [Verbal n. of קָשַׁר (= he bound, tied). See קשׁר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

קָשִׁישׁ adj. & m.n. NH 1 old. NH 2 old man. MH 3 senior. [From Aram. קַשִּׁישׁ, קַשִּׁישָׁא (= old), whence Arab. qassīs (= priest, clergyman, minister).] Derivative: קְשִׁישׁוּת.

קְשִׁישׁוּת f.n. NH 1 old age. 2 seniority. [Formed from קָשִׁישׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַשִּׁית f.n. NH straw (for sipping a cold drink). [Formed from קַשׁ with suff. ◌ִית.]

קִשְׁקוּשׁ ᴵ m.n. MH 1 clapping, ringing, rattling. 2 prattle, idle chatter. [Verbal n. of קִשֽׁקֵשׁ. See קשׁקשׁ ᴵ and cp. כִּשֽׁכּוּשׁ.]

קִשְׁקוּשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH hoeing. [Verbal n. of קִשְׁקֵשׁ. See קִשֽׁקֵשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

קשׁקשׁ ᴵ to knock, strike, rattle.
    — Pilp. - קִשְׁקֵשׁ PBH 1 he knocked, struck, tingled; NH 2 he prattled, babbled.
    — Hith. - הִתְקַשֽׁקֵשׁ PBH 1 he clapped, rang, rattled; NH 2 he babbled, chattered. [Of imitative origin. cp. כּשׁכּשׁ. cp. also the bases קרקשׁ and שׁקשׁק, which are also imitative. cp. קשׁקשׁ ᴵᴵ. Influenced in meaning by נקשׁ ᴵ (= to strike, knock).] Derivatives: קַשְׁקֽשָׁן, קִשֽׁקוּשׁ ᴵ, מְקֻשֽׁקָשׁ.

קשׁקשׁ ᴵᴵ to hoe.
    — Pilp. - קִשֽׁקֵשׁ he hoed. [Related to Aram. קַשֽׁקֵשׁ (= he hoed); prob. Pilp. formed from נקשׁ ᴵ (= to strike, knock; lit.: ‘to strike with the hoe’.) It is also possible that קשׁקשׁ ᴵ and קשׁקשׁ ᴵᴵ properly are one and the same base, imitative of the striking or knocking sound caused by some object.] Derivative: קִשֽׁקוּשׁ ᴵᴵ.

קַשְׁקַשׁ m.n. PBH 1 piece of straw. 2 splint. [Formed from קַשׁ (= straw), through reduplication.]

קַשְׂקַשִּׂי adj. NH scaly, squamate. [Formed from קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַשְׁקְשָׁן m.n. NH prattler, babbler. [Formed from קִשְׁקֵשׁ (see קשׁקשׁ ᴵ) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: קַשֽׁקֽשָׁנוּת, קַשֽׁקְשָׁנִי.

קַשְׁקְשָׁנוּת f.n. NH prattling, babbling, idle talk. [Formed from קַשֽׁקְשָׁן with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַשְׁקְשָׁנִי adj. NH prattling, babbling, verbose. [Formed from קַשְׁקְשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַשְׂקֶשֶׂת f.n. (pl. קַשֽׂקָשׂוֹת, also קַשְׂקַשִּׂים) scale (of fish or of coat of mail). [Related to Arab. ’aqashsha, ‘it (the fish) scaled’, prob. also to Arab. qishr, Ethiop. qesār (= scale).] Derivatives: קַשְׂקַשִּׂי, מְקֻשְׂקָשׂ.

קשׁר to bind, tie; to league together, conspire.
    — Qal - קָשַׁר 1 he bound, tied; 2 he leagued together, conspired.
    — Niph. - נִקְשַׁר 1 was bound up; 2 was joined together.
    — Pi. - קִשֵּׁר 1 he bound on, tied on; 2 he bound fast.
    — Pu. - קֻשַּׁר 1 was bound, was tied together; 2 was strong, was vigorous well knit’).
    — Hith. - הִתְקַשֵּׁר 1 he conspired, plotted against; 2 he bound himself, entered into an agreement.
    — Hiph. - הִקְשִׁיר MH 1 he bound, tied, joined, connected; NH 2 he brought into context.
    — Hoph. - הֻקְשַׁר was bound, was tied, was joined, was connected. [Related to Aram.–Syr. קֽטַר (= he bound, tied), Mand. גטאר (= to bind), Ethiop. qaṣara, Amharic qṭara (= he bound), Akka. qaṣāru (= to bind).] Derivatives: קֶשֶׁר, קַשָּׁר, קִשּׁרֶת, קָשׁוּר, קִשּׁוּר, קְשִׁירָה, קוֹשֵׁר, הֶקְשֵׁר, הַקְשָׁרָה, הִקָּשְׁרוּת, הִתְקַשְּׁרוּת, מִקְשׁוֹר, מְקַשֵּׁר, מְקֻשָּׁר, תִּקְשֹׁרֶת.

קֶֽשֶׁר m.n. 1 conspiracy, plot. 2 band of conspirators. 3 band of people. PBH 4 connection, relation. MH 5 doubtful thing, problem. [From קשׁר. cp. BAram. קְטַר, JAram. קִטְרָא, Modern Syr. qiṭrā and quṭāra, Mand. גאטרא (= knot).]

קַשָּׁר m.n. NH liaison officer. [Nomen opificis formed from קִשֵּׁר, Pi. of קשׁר, according to the pattern פַּעָל.] Derivative: קַשָּׁרוּת.

קַשָּׁרוּת f.n. NH liaison. [Formed from קַשָּׁר with suff. ◌וּת.]

קשׁשׁ ᴵ to gather, assemble (esp. straw or stubble).
    — Qal - קָשַׁשׁ he gathered, assembled (esp. straw or stubble).
    — Pol. - קוֹשֵׁשׁ (of s.m.).
    — Hith. - הִתְקוֹשְׁשׁוּ they gathered themselves together (in the Bible occurring only Zeph. 2:1 in the imper.). [Related to Syr. קַשׁ, Arab. qashsha (= he collected, gathered). The orig. meaning prob. was ‘to become dry’. cp. Arab. qashsha in the sense ‘became dry, dried up, shriveled up, withered’. Base of קַשׁ. cp. קשׁשׁ ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: קָשׁוּשׁ, קִשּׁשֶׁת.

קשׁשׁ ᴵᴵ to grow old; prob. developed from קשׁשׁ ᴵ in the sense ‘to become dry, wither, fade’.
    — Qal - קָשַׁשׁ he grew old.
    — Hiph. - הִקֽשִׁישׁ 1 he made old. 2 he grew old. [Related to Aram. קֽשַׁשַׁ, קַשׁ, Syr. קַשׁ, Arab. qassa (= grew old).] Derivative: קָשִׁישׁ.

קִשּֽׁשֶׁת f.n. PBH 1 piece of straw. 2 splint. [Formed from קשׁשׁ ᴵ with suff. ◌ֶת.]

קֶֽשֶׁת f.n. 1 bow. 2 rainbow. MH 3 arc. NH 4 violin bow. [Related to OAram. קשׁת, Aram. קַשֽׁתָא, and קֻשְׁטָא (the ט for ת is due to the assimilation of the latter to the emphatic ק), Syr. קֶשֽׁתָּא, Ugar. qṣ‘t, Arab. qaus, Ethiop. qast, Akka. qashtu (= bow). Only the letters ק and שׁ belong to the stem, the ת is secondary. According to some scholars, the Old Sem. forms derive from base יקשׁ in the sense ‘to be crooked’. However, since this base occurs neither in Akka. nor in Ethiop., this supposition must be rejected. cp. קשֶׁט (= bow), and קשׁט ᴵᴵ (= to shoot).] Derivatives: קַשָּׁת, קָשֹׁת, קַשֽׁתִּי, קַשְׁתּוּת, קַשְׁתִּית ᴵ, קַשְׁתִּית ᴵᴵ, קַשְׁתָּנִית, מְקֻשָּׁת.

קַשָּׁת m.n. 1 bowman, archer (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 21:20). PBH 2 Sagittarius (astronomy). [Nomen opificis formed from קֶשֶׁת (= bow), according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. Aram. קַשָּׁתָא, Syr. קַשָּׁתָא, also קַשָּׁטָא, כַּשָּׁתָא, Palm. קשטא, Arab. qawwāsiyy (= bowman, archer).]

קָשֹׁת adj. NH arched, vaulted. [From קֶשֶׁת.]

קַשְׁתּוּת f.n. NH convexity. [Formed from קֶשֶׁת with suff. ◌וּת.]

קַשְׁתִּי adj. MH arched, vaulted. [Formed from קֶשֶׁת with suff. ◌ִי.]

קַשְׁתִּית ᴵ f.n. NH cornea (anatomy). [Formed from קֶשֶׁת with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

קַשְׁתִּית ᴵᴵ f.n. NH fretsaw. [Formed from קֶשֶׁת with suff. ◌ִית.]

קַשְׁתָּנִית f.n. PBH 1 drill. NH 2 bow (of stringed instruments). [Formed from קֶשֶׁת with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

קַת f.n. PBH (pl. קַתּוֹת) handle, helve. [From Aram.–Syr. קַתָּא, from Akka. qātu (= hand). For sense development cp. Heb. יָד (= hand, handle).]

קָת◌ see קָטָ◌.

קָתֶדְרָה f.n. PBH 1 chair. 2 (fig.) professorial chair in a university. [Gk. kathedra (= seat, chair, pulpit), formed from kata (= down) and hedra (= seat), which stands for * sedrā and is cogn. with L. sedēre (= to sit). See אַכְסַדְרָה and cp. סַנֽהֶדֽרִין, פַּרֽהֶדְרִין. cp. also ‘chair’ in my CEDEL. cp. also קָתֶדֽרָלָה.]

קָתֶדְרָלָה f.n. FW cathedral. [Med. L. cathedrālis, short for ecclēsia cathedrālis (= church pertaining to the seat of a bishop), from cathedra, from Gk. kathedra (see קָתֶדְרָה). For the L. ending – ālis see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL.]

קָתוֹד m.n. FW cathode (physics and chemistry). [Gk. kathodos (= way down, descent), from kata (= down), and odos (= way). See קָטָ◌ and מֶתּוֹדָה. The term cathode was introduced into electricity by the English physicist and chemist Michael Faraday (1791–1867). cp. אָנוֹד, אֶלֶקְטְרוֹד, סִינוֹד.]

קָתוֹלִי adj. FW Catholic. [Back formation from L. catholicus, from Gk. katholikos (= general, universal), from kata (= according to; see קָטָ◌), and holos (= whole), from IE base * solwos, whence also L. salvus (= saved, preserved, safe). See ‘safe’ in my CEDEL and cp. סָלוּט. For the ending of קָתוֹלִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: קָתוֹלִיּוּת.

קָתוֹלִיּוּת f.n. FW catholicism. [Formed from קָתוֹלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

קָתֶטָר m.n. FW catheter (medicine). [Gk. katheter (= something let down; surgical instrument for emptying the bladder), from the stem of kathienai (= to send down), from kata (= down; see קָטָ◌), and hienai (= to move forward, throw, send), which stands for * yi-ye-nai, and is cogn. with L. jacěre (= to throw). See סוּבְּיֶקְט.]

קֹֽתֶל m.n. NH 1 wall. PBH 2 fat meat. [From Aram. קוֹתְלָא in the phrase קוֹתֽלֵי־דִּחֲזִירֵי, reading of the ‘Arukh’ for קְדָלֵי־דִּחֲזִירֵי (also spelt כָּתְלֵי דִּחֲזִירֵי). The ‘Arukh’ quotes Hai Gaon’s explanation, according to whom ‘bacon filled with flour’ is called קתל which is equivalent to Arab. kuth. Fleischer confirms Hai’s reference to Arab. kuth by quoting Arab. kutla (= a compact mass, lump). Accordingly קֹתֶל is in reality a secondary form of כֹּתֶל (= wall).]

קַתְרוֹס m.n. 1 lute, lyre (Dan. 3:59). NH 2 guitar. [Aram. קַתֽרֹס, from Gk. kihtara (= cither), from Pers. sihtār. cp. ‘cither’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: קַתֽרוֹסָן.

קַתְרוֹסָן m.n. NH 1 lutist, lyrist. 2 guitarist. [Formed from קַתֽרוֹס with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

קָתַרְסִיס m.n. FW catharsis. [Gk. katharsis (= cleansing, purification), from the stem of kathairein (= to cleanse, purify, to prune a tree), from katharos (= clean, pure), which is of uncertain origin.]