ד The fourth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name, ‘Daleth’, lit. means ‘door’ (see דֶּלֶת); so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter, representing a house (cp. דֶּלְתָּא). In PBH it has the numerical value four. ד alternates with ז (cp. e.g. גדד and גזז, נדר and נזר, דרשׁ and זרשׁ, Heb. דְּבוֹרָה and JAram. זִיבּוֹרָא). It also alternates with ט (cp. Heb. דִּבָּה, Aram. טִבָּא and Syr. טֶבָּא). ד also alternates with ת (cp. e.g. בדל and בתל, בדק ᴵ and בתק). In Arab. the corresponding consonant is d, sometimes dh (cp. e.g. חדל with Arab. ḥadhala, נדר with Arab. nadhara, קדר with Arab. qadhara). For the interchangeability of ד and ל cp. L. lacruma, lacrima (= tear), from Old L. dacruma, which is a loan word from Gk. dakruma. cp. also L. Ulixes, equivalent to Gk. Odysseus.

 

דִּ◌, דְּ◌ of, about. [Aram., from Aram. and BAram. דִּי (= who, which, that; also mark of the gen.). See דִּי and cp. the second element in כַּד ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

דֶּ◌ FW [L. dē–, from dē (= from, away from, down from, out of, on account of, concerning, according to), which derives from IE base * dē–. See ‘de–’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דָּא f. pron. this. [JAram., also BAram. Related to Egypt.–Aram. דא, Nab. דא, Palm. דה, and to Aram. and BAram. דִּי (= who, which, that). See דִּי and cp. הָדָא.]

 

דאב to grieve, pine away.

    — Qal - דָּאַב he grieved, was sad, languished, pined away.

    — Niph. - נִדְאַב he grieved, was sad.

    — Hiph. - הִדְאִיב he made sad, distressed, caused sorrow to, caused pain to. [A collateral form of דוב (= to pine away). Prob. related to Arab. da’aba (= he toiled). cp. אדב.] Derivatives: דַּאַב, דְּאָבָה, דְּאָבוֹן, דְּאִיבָה, הַדְאָבָה, נִדְאָב.

 

דַּֽאַב m.n. MH (of the s.m. as דְּאָבָה). [Back formation from דְּאָבָה (q.v.).]

 

דְּאָבָה f.n. sorrow, sadness, grief, faintness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 41:14). [Verbal n. of דָּאַב (see דאב).]

 

דְּאָבוֹן m.n. sorrow, sadness, pain, regret (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 28:65). [From דָּאַב (see דאב).]

 

דאג to care, worry.

    — Qal - דָּאַג 1 he cared, was worried, was anxious, was uneasy, was concerned; 2 he feared, dreaded.

    — Niph. - נִדְאַג was worried, was anxious, felt uneasy, was concerned.

    — Hiph. - הִדְאִיג he worried, caused anxiety, distressed.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְאַג was worried, was anxious, felt uneasy, was concerned. [JAram. דְּאַג (= he cared, was worried), OSArab. דאג (= to care, be worried).] Derivatives: דְּאָגָה, דַּאֲגָנוּת, דַּאֲגָנִי, דְּאַגְתָּנוּת, דְּאַגְתָּנִי, דָּאוּג, מֻדְאָג, מַדְאִיג.

 

דְּאָגָה f.n. care, anxiety, concern. [Verbal n. of דָּאַג (see דאג).]

 

דַּאֲגָנוּת f.n. NH worry, anxiousness, anxiety. [Formed from דאג with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

דַּאֲגָנִי adj. worried, anxious. [Formed from דאג with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

דְּאַגְתָּנוּת f.n. NH worry, anxiousness, anxiety. [Formed from דְּאָגָה with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

דְּאַגְתָּנִי adj. NH worried, anxious. [Formed from דְּאָגָה with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

דאה to fly, glide (in the air).

    — Qal - דָּאָה 1 it flew, soared; 2 glided (in the air).

    — Hiph. - הִדְאָה MH 1 he caused to fly; NH 2 caused to glide.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְאָה was caused to fly; was glide-borne. [Ugar. da̧y (= to fly).] Derivatives: דָּאוֹן, דְּאִיָה, מִדְאֶה, מֻדְאֶה, prob. also דָּאָה and דַּיָּה.

 

דָּאָה f.n. a bird of prey (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 11:14). [Prob. derived from דאה and so called to its pouncing. cp. the related Aram.–Syr. דַּיְתָא, and Ugar. di̧y, name of a bird of prey, prob. the kite. cp. also דַּיָּה and רָאָה (n.).]

 

דָּאוּג adj. worried, anxious, uneasy. [Pass. part. of דָּאַג (= he cared, was worried). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

 

דָּאוֹן m.n. NH glider. [Formed from דאה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

דְּאִיבָה f.n. NH sorrow, sadness, grief. [Verbal n. of דָּאַב. See דאב and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. JAram. דְּאִיבָה (of s.m.).]

 

דְּאִיָּה f.n. NH flying, flight; gliding. [Verbal n. of דָּאָה. See דאה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דֹּֽאַר m.n. NH post office; mail. [From Aram. The orig. form in Talmud and Midrash is דַּוָּר, דַּוָּאר, and the first meaning is ‘mail carrier, despatch bearer’. The word דַּוָּר prob. derives from base דור (= to go round), and denoted a man who ‘goes round’. Several scholars derive דֹּאַר from Pers. dūr (= delivery of written news).]

 

דֹּב m.n. bear. [Prob. from דבב (= to walk softly). cp. JAram. דֻּבָּא, Syr. דֶּבָּא, Arab. dubb, Ethiop. debb (= bear). Akka. dabū and dabbu are Sem. loan words.] Derivatives: דֻּבָּה, דֻּבּוֹן, דֻּבִּי, דְּבִיבוֹן.

 

דֹּֽבֶא m.n. 1 strength. 2 abundance, out-flow, affluence (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 33:35). [Of uncertain origin. Related to Ugar. db’t (= strength) and possibly also to dabā’ (= rest). Derivative: דבא. cp. the first element in דִּבְיוֹנִים.]

 

דבא to be affluent, overflow.

    — Qal - דָּבָא he caused to flow, made affluent. [Denominated from דֹּבֶא.]

 

דבב ᴵ to move gently, to walk softly; to drip.

    — Qal - דָּבַב it dripped (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 7:10 in the form דֹּבֵב). [Arab. dabba (= he walked softly, went on all fours), dabbāb (= quadrupled).]

 

דבב ᴵᴵ to speak, whisper.

    — Qal - דָּבַב he spoke, whispered.

    — Pol. - דּוֹבֵב 1 he caused to speak; 2 he spoke, whispered.

    — Pi. - דִּבֵּב MH 1 he spoke; NH 2 he caused to speak, interviewed.

    — Nithpol‘el . - נִתְדּוֹבֵב he was made to speak. [Akka. dabābu (= to speak, whisper, charge), bēl dabābi (= slanderer, enemy), whence Syr. בְּעֵלדְבָבָא, JAram. בַּעַל דְּבָבָא (= enemy), Arab. dhabba (= he defended).] Derivatives: דֶּבֶב, דְּבָב, דְּבָבָא, דָּבוּב ᴵ, דָּבוּב ᴵᴵ, דִּבּוּב, prob. also דִּבָּה.

 

דֶּֽבֶב m.n. MH 1 speech. NH 2 interview. [From דבב ᴵᴵ.]

 

דְּבָב, דְּבָבָא m.n. PBH hatred. [From דבב ᴵᴵ.]

 

דְּבָבָא see דְּבָב.

 

דֻּבְדְּבָן m.n. PBH cherry. [Of unknown etymology. The word occurs in the Mishnah, but there both its form and meaning are uncertain.] Derivatives: דֻּבְדְּבָנִי, דֻּבְדְּבָנִיָּה.

 

דֻּבְדְּבָנִי adj. NH cherrylike. [Formed from רֻּבְדְּבָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֻּבְדְּבָנִיָּה f.n. NH cherry tree. [Formed from דֻּבְדְּבָן with suff. ◌ָיָּה.]

 

דִּבָּה f.n. defamation, calumny. [Prob. a loan word from Akka. dibbu (= word, legal charge).]

 

דֻּבָּה f.n. (pl. דֻּבּוֹת, also דֻּבִּים) she-bear. [f. formed from דֹּב.]

 

דָּבוּב ᴵ adj. PBH hated. [Pass. part. of דָּבַב; see דבב ᴵᴵ and cp. דָּבוּב ᴵᴵ.]

 

דָּבוּב ᴵᴵ adj. MH spoken. [Pass. part. of דָּבַב; see דבב ᴵᴵ. Accordingly דָּבוּב ᴵ and דָּבוּב ᴵᴵ are derivatively identical.]

 

דִּבּוּב m.n. MH speech, talk. [Verbal n. of דִּבֵּב (= he spoke), Pi. of דָּבַב. See דבב ᴵᴵ.]

 

דֻּבּוֹן m.n. NH young bear, bear cub, teddy bear. [Formed from דֹּב with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

דָּבוּק adj. PBH attached, joined. [Pass. part. of דָּבַק. See דבק.]

 

דִּבּוּק m.n. PBH 1 attachment, joining. MH 2 construct state (MH grammar). NH 3 ‘dibbuk’ — a migrant soul entering the body of a living person. [Verbal n. of דִּבֵּק (= he caused to adhere), Pi. of דבק.]

 

דִּבּוּר m.n. PBH 1 speaking, saying. 2 speech, utterance. [Verbal n. of דִּבֵּר (= he spoke), Pi. of דבר ᴵ.] Derivative: דִּבּוּרִי.

 

דַּבּוּר m.n. NH wasp, hornet. [From Arab. dabbūr (of s.m.).]

 

דָּבוּר adj. said, uttered. [Pass. part. of דָּבַר; see דבר ᴵ.]

 

דְּבוֹרָה f.n. bee. [Related to JAram. דַּבַּרְתָּא, דְּבוֹרְתָא (= bee), זִיבּוֹרָא (= bee, wasp), Syr. דֶּבּוֹרָא, Arab. dabbūr (= hornet, wasp), and zunbūr (= hornet), pl. zanābir, whence Ethiop. zanābir. Prob. of imitative origin. See דבר ᴵ. For the interchangeability of ד and ז see introductory entry to letter ד.] Derivatives: דְּבוֹרִית, דְּבוֹרָנִית.

 

דִּבּוּרִי adj. NH colloquial, vernacular. [Formed from דִּבּוּר with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דְּבוֹרִית f.n. NH a swarm of bees. [Formed from דְּבוֹרָה with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דְּבוֹרָנִית f.n. NH Ophrys (a genus of plants). [Formed from דְּבוֹרָה (= bee), with suff. ◌ָנִית; so called from the bee-like shape of the flower.]

 

דָּבוּשׁ adj. NH sweet as honey. [From דְּבַשׁ.]

 

דֻּבִּי adj. NH 1 bearlike. 2 bearish. [Formed from דֹּב with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: דֻּבִּיּוּת.

 

דְּבִיבוֹן m.n. NH raccoon. [Formed from דֹּב, through reduplication of the ב, with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

דִּבְיוֹנִים m.n. pl. dung (in the Bible occurring Kin. II 6:25 and usually rendered by ‘doves dung’). [The first element of this compound prob. means ‘flowing out, outflow; outlet’. cp. JAram. דּוֹבָא (of s.m.), and see דֹּבֶא. The second element is the pl. of יוֹנָה (= dove).]

 

דֻּבִּיּוּת f.n. NH bearishness, clumsiness. [Formed from דֻּבִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דֶּבִיז m.n. FW foreign currency. [Fren. devise, from devise (= division, intention, plan), from deviser (= divide, distribute), from VL * dēvīsāre, formed with vowel dissimilation from * dīvīsāre, frequentative of L. dīvidere (= to divide). See דִּיבִידֶנְד.]

 

דָּבִיק adj. NH adhesive, sticky. [Coined from דבק (= to cleave, adhere, stick), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: דְּבִיקוּת.

 

דְּבִיקָה f.n. PBH attaching, joining. [Verbal n. of דָּבַק. See דבק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּבִיקוּת f.n. NH adhesiveness, stickiness. [Formed from דָּבִיק with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דְּבִיר m.n. hindmost room, innermost part of the Temple. [Related to Arab. dabr (= part behind), dubr (= back), Amharic daber (= church, cloister). Egypt. dbr (= shrine) is a Sem. loan word.]

 

דבל to rarefy, to thin out.

    — Pil. - דִּבְלֵל he thinned out, rarefied, ruffled.

    — Pul. - דֻּבְלַל was thinned out, was rarefied, was ruffled. [Arab. dhabala, dhabula (= it became dry, withered, faded).] Derivatives: דַּבְלוּל, דִּבְלוּל, דַּבְלֶלֶת, מְדֻבְלָל.

 

דְּבֵלָה f.n. (pl. דְּבֵלוֹת, also דְּבֵלִים) cake of pressed figs. [Related to Phoen. דבלת, JAram.–Syr. דְּבֵלְתָּא (= fig cake), Ugar. dblt (= fig cakes), Arab. dabala (= he pressed together), dubla (= lump, mouthful).]

 

דַּבְלוּל m.n. PBH (also דַּבְלִיל in NH) end of a string that has been woven. [From דִּבְלֵל, Pil. of דבל.]

 

דִּבְלוּל m.n. NH rarefaction, thinning out. [Verbal n. of דִּבְלֵל, Pil. of דבל.]

 

דַּבְלִיל see דַּבְלוּל.

 

דבלל Pil. of דבל (q.v.).

 

דַּבְלֶֽלֶת f.n. NH sycosis (disease). [Formed from רִּבְלֵל (see דבל) according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

דִּבְעוֹן m.n. NH tannin. [From Arab. dibgh (of s.m.).]

 

דבק to cling, cleave, adhere.

    — Qal - דָּבַק 1 he clung, cleaved, adhered, joined, was attached. PBH 2 he pasted, glued together.

    — Niph. - נִדְבַּק PBH 1 he was joined, was attached; MH 2 was contagious.

    — Pi. - דִּבֵּק 1 he stuck, glued together; 2 he caused to adhere.

    — Pu. - דֻּבַּק was stuck, was glued together.

    — Hith. - הִדַּבֵּק הִתְדַּבֵּק NH he clung, was joined together.

    — Hiph. - הִדְבִּיק 1 he caused to cling; 2 he infected (with disease); 3 he overtook; 4 he followed hard after, pursued.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְבַּק was made to cleave, was stuck. [BAram. דַּבְקִין (= they stick together), Aram. דְּבַק (= he cleaved, adhered), Syr. דְּבַק and דְּבֵק (of s.m.), Egypt.–Aram. דבק (= to cleave, adhere). Arab. dabiqa (= he cleaved, adhered) is prob. an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: דָּבֵק, דְּבֵקָה, דֻּבְקָּה, דִּבְקוֹן, דָּבוּק, דִּבּוּק, דָּבִיק, הִדַּבְּקוּת, הִתְדַּבְּקוּת, מֻדְבָּק, מִדַּבֵּק, מַדְבֵּקָה, תַּדְבִּיק.

 

דָּבֵק adj. 1 cleaving, attached. MH 2 construct state (MH grammar). [From דבק.] Derivative: דְּבֵקוּת.

 

דֶּֽבֶק m.n. 1 glue. 2 joining. 3 appendage. [From דבק. cp. Syr. דֶּבְקָא, Mand. דּוּבְּקָא, דִּיבְּקָא (= glue). Arab. dibq, dābīq (= bird lime), is prob. a Syr. loan word.] Derivatives: דִּבְקִי, דִּבְקִית.

 

דְּבֵקָה f.n. NH Galium (a genus of plants), the bedstraw. [Formed from דבק with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּבֻקָּה f.n. NH stick (aeronautics). [Formed from דבק with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דִּבְקוֹן m.n. NH Viscum (a genus of plants of the mistletoe family). [Formed from דבק with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

דְּבֵקוּת f.n. MH attachment, devotion, devoutness. [Formed from דָּבֵק with suff. ◌וּת.] Derivative: דְּבֵקוּתִי.

 

דְּבֵקוּתִי adj. NH pertaining to devotion, devoted. [Formed from דְּבֵקוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּבְקִי adj. NH sticky, adhesive, glutinous. [Formed from דֶּבֶק with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּבְקִית f.n. NH sticker. [Formed from דֶּבֶק with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דבר ᴵ to speak.

    — Qal - דָּבַר (used only in the act. part. דּוֹבֵר, ‘saying, speaking’, and in the pass. part. דָּבוּר, ‘said, spoken’).

    — Niph. - נִדְבַּר 1 (pl.) they spoke to one another, talked; MH 2 was said, was spoken.

    — Pi. - דִּבֵּר 1 he spoke of; 2 he spoke to or with.

    — Pu. - דֻּבַּר 1 was spoken; NH 2 was stipulated, was agreed.

    — Hith. - הִדַּבֵּר 1 he spoke, talked; NH 2 he came to an agreement. [Prob. an imitative base with the orig. meaning ‘to buzz, hum’ and base of דְּבוֹרָה (= bee).] Derivatives: דָּבָר, דִּבֵּר (n.), דָּבוּר, דִּבּוּר, דִּבְרָה, דַּבְּרָן, דַּבֶּרֶת, הִדָּבְרוּת, מְדַבֵּר, מְדֻבָּר, מִדְבָּר ᴵᴵ.

 

דבר ᴵᴵ to follow behind someone’s back; to drive.

    — Pi. - דִּבֵּר he destroyed.

    — Hiph. - הִדֽבִּיר he subdued, overwhelmed.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְבַּר was subdued, was overwhelmed. [Arab. dabara (= he followed behind), dabr (= part behind), dubr (= back), dabūr (= west wind), Ethiop. tadabara (= he lay back, reclined), Akka. dabāru (= push back), dabru (= violence, outrage), JAram.–Syr. דְּבַר (= he led, guided), דִּבְרָא (= field; orig.: ‘the place whither cattle are driven’), Ugar. dbr (= pasture), Aram. דַּבָּרָא, Syr. דָּבוּרָא (= leader, guide).] Derivatives: דּֽבִיר, דַּבָּר, דֹּבֶר, דֹּבֽרָה, הַדְבָּרָה, מִדְבָּר ᴵ. cp. אַלֽדֶּבָּרָן.

 

דִּבֵּר m.n. (pl. דִּבְּרוֹת) speaking, speech, word (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 5:13 and 9:7 in the sing.). [From דבר ᴵ.]

 

דַּבָּר m.n. PBH leader, guide. [JAram. דַּבָּר, דַּבָּרָא, Syr. דָּבוּרָא, nomen opificis from דְּבַר (= he led, guided; see דבר ᴵᴵ), according to the pattern פַּעָל.] Derivative: דַּבָּרוּת.

 

דָּבָר m.n. 1 word, speech. 2 matter, affair. 3 business, occupation. 4 something, anything. [From דבר ᴵ, whence also BAram. דִּבְרָה (= matter), JAram. דִּבּוּרָא (= speech), דְּבֵירָא (= word).] Derivative: דְּבָרִי, cp. דִּבְרָה.

 

דֶּֽבֶר m.n. pestilence, plague. [Prob. related to Ugar. dbr (= death), Arab. dabr (= death), dabra (= misfortune), dabara (= running sore), Akka. dibiru (= calamity).] Derivative: דִּבְרִי.

 

דְֹּבֶר m.n. pasture (in the Bible occurring Is. 5:17 and Micah 2:12). [cp. מִדְבָּר ᴵ (= wilderness), Aram.–Syr. דַּבְרָא, Mand. dibra (= field), Arab. dabra (= sown field), Ugar. dbr (= pasture), which show a similar sense development.]

 

דִּבְרָה f.n. cause, reason; manner. [Formed from דבר ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. BAram. דִּבְרָה (= matter), and see דָּבָר.]

 

דֹּבְרָה, דּוֹבְרָה f.n. raft (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 5:23 in the pl.). [Formed from דבר ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. The orig. meaning of this word prob. was ‘the trunks placed behind, and dragged along, by the ship’.]

 

דַּבָּרוּת f.n. NH leadership. [Formed from דַּבָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דְּבָרִי adj. MH pertaining to a word; rational; theoretical. [Formed from דָּבָר with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּבְרִי adj. MH pertaining to pestilence, pestilential. [Formed from דֶּבֶר with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דַּבְּרָן m.n. PBH 1 talkative, loquacious person. MH 2 eloquent speaker. [Formed from דִּבֵּר (= he spoke), Pi. of דבר ᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. JAram. דַּבְרָנָא (= speaker), which exactly corresponds to Heb. דַּבְּרָן.] Derivatives: דַּבְּרָנוּת, דַּבּֽרָנִי.

 

דַּבְּרָנוּת f.n. NH 1 loquacity. 2 eloquence. [Formed from דַּבְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּבְּרָנִי adj. NH loquacious. [Formed from דַּבְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דַּבֶּֽרֶת f.n. NH excessive talkativeness, logorrhea (psychopathology). [Coined from דִּבֵּר (= he spoke; see דבר ᴵ), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

דְּבַשׁ m.n. honey. [Related to Aram. דְּבַשׁ, דֻּבְשָׁא, Syr. דֶּבֽשָׁא, OSArab. idbassa (= became honey-colored), Arab. dibs, Akka. dishpu (= honey), dashpu (= mead), dashāpu (= to be sweet).] Derivatives: דבשׁ, דִּבְשָׁה ᴵ, דִּבְשָׁה ᴵᴵ, דִּבְשׁוֹנִי, דֻּבְשִׁי, דֻּבְשָׁן, מַדְבֵּשׁ.

 

דבשׁ to be as sweet as honey.

    — Qal - דָּבַשׁ was as sweet as honey.

    — Pi. - דִּבֵּשׁ he made as sweet as honey.

    — Hiph. - הִדְבִּישׁ 1 it turned sour, fermented; 2 he sweetened. [Denominated from דְּבַשׁ (= honey).] Derivatives: הַדְבָּשָׁה, מַדְבִּישׁ.

 

דִּבְשָׁה ᴵ f.n. NH molasses. [Formed from דְּבַשׁ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דִּבְשָׁה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH melilot. [Formed from דְּבַשׁ with first suff. ◌ָה, hence derivatively identical with דִּבְשָׁה ᴵ.]

 

דִּבְשׁוֹנִי adj. NH honeylike. [Formed from דְּבַשׁ with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

 

דִּבְשִׁי adj. MH 1 honeylike. NH 2 melliferous. [Formed from דְּבַשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֻּבְשָׁן m.n. PBH honey cake. [Formed from דְּבַשׁ with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: דֻּבְשָׁנִית.

 

דֻּבְשָׁנִית f.n. NH honey cookie. [Formed from דֻּבְשָׁן with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דַּבֶּֽשֶׁת m.n. hump of a camel (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 30:6). [Of uncertain etymology. Perhaps related — in spite of the sh — to Arab. dabash (= luggage), Tigre dabbās (= having a humped back). cp. also Akka. gupshu, Ugar. gbṯt (= hump).] Derivative: דַּבַּשְׁתִּי.

 

דַּבַּשְׁתִּי adj. NH having a hump. [Formed from דַּבֶּשֶׁת with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דָּג m.n. fish. [Related to Ugar. dg (= fish).] Derivatives: גוד, דַּיָּג, יְדוּג, מִדְגֶּה. cp. רָּגוֹן and the second element in שַׁלְדָּג.

 

דַּגָּאוּת f.n. NH fish breeding. [Formed from דַּגַּאי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּגַּאי m.n. NH fish breeder. [Nomen opificis formed from דגה according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

דגדג to tickle.

    — Pilp. - רִּגְדֵּג he tickled.

    — Pulp. - דֻּגְדַּג he was tickled, was titillated. [A loan word from Arab. daghdagha (= he tickled, titillated).] Derivatives: דַּגְדְּגָן, דַּגֽדְּגָנִי, דִּגְדּוּג.

 

דַּגְדְּגָן m.n. NH clitoris. [Formed from דִּגְדֵּג (see דגדג) with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

דַּגְדְּגָנִי adj. NH ticklish. [Formed from דִּגְדֵּג (see דגדג) with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

דִּגְדּוּג m.n. MH tickling, titillation. [Verbal n. of דִּגֽדֵּג. See דגדג.]

 

דָּגָה f.n. 1 fish (collectively). MH 2 a small fish. NH 3 female fish. [Formed from דָּג with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דגה to multiply.

    — Qal - דָּגָה he increased, multiplied.

    — Hiph. - הִדְגָּה he caused to increase, caused to multiply. [Denominated from דָּג, hence lit. meaning ‘to multiply like fish’. cp. דוג, דיג.] Derivatives: דָּגוּי, דּֽגִיָּה, הַדְגָּיָה, מִדְגֶּה.

 

דְּגוּגִית f.n. NH small fishing boat. [Dimin. of דּוּגִית.]

 

דָּגוּי adj. MH plentiful. [Pass. part. of the verb דָּגָה and lit. meaning ‘multiplying like fish’. This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוֹחַ, and words there referred to.]

 

דָּגוּל adj. raised up, prominent (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 5:10). [Pass. part. of דָּגַל. See דגל ᴵ.]

 

דִּגּוּל m.n. NH raising the banner, hoisting the flag. [Verbal n. of דִּגֵּל (= he raised the banner, raised the flag), Pi. of דגל ᴵ.]

 

דִּגּוּם m.n. NH standardizing. [Verbal n. of דִּגֵּם (= he standardized), Pi. of דגם.]

 

דִּגּוּן m.n. NH gathering of corn. [Verbal n. of דִּגֵּן (= he gathered corn), Pi. of דגן.]

 

דָּגוֹן m.n. ‘Dagon’ — the main god of the Philistines. [Related to Ugar. dgn, Akka. Dagān, Dagūna. Popularly associated with דָּג (= fish), but prob. connected with דָּגָן (= corn, grain).]

 

דָּגוּר adj. NH hatched. [Pass. part. of דָּגַר (= hatched), Pi. of דגר.]

 

דָּגוּשׁ adj. MH marked with a ‘daghesh’. [From דגש.]

 

דָּגִיג NH small fish, fry, minnow. [Dimin. formed from דָּג (= fish) through reduplication.]

 

דְּגִיָּה f.n. NH increase, multiplication. [Verbal n. of דָּגָה (= he increased, multiplied). See דגה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּגִילָה f.n. MH 1 (in the phrase בֵּית הַדְּגִילָה, ‘the Temple, a synagogue’). NH 2 hoisting the flag. NH 3 gathering under the banner. [Verbal n. of דָּגַל. See דגל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּגִימָה f.n. NH sampling. [Verbal n. of an otherwise not-used Qal דָּגַם. See דגם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּגִירָה f.n. PBH hatching, brooding, incubation. [Verbal n. of דָּגַר. See דגר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דֶּֽגֶל m.n. standard, banner, flag. [Prob. a loan word from Akka. diglu (= eyesight; sight, gaze), whence ‘something conspicuous’, from dagālu (= to look at). [For sense development cp. Arab. rā’ya (= banner), from ra’ā(y) (= he saw). Several scholars connect דֶּגֶל with Arab. dajjāla (= a large crowd), Tigre dagal (= army).] Derivatives: דגל ᴵ, דַּגָּל, דגלל, דַּגְלָן, דִּגֽלוֹן.

 

דגל ᴵ to set up a banner.

    — Qal - דָּגַל he set up a banner.

    — Niph. - נִדְגַּל 1 he gathered around the banners; MH 2 was adorned.

    — Pi. - דִּגֵּל MH 1 he adorned, praised, glorified; NH 2 he set up a banner.

    — Hiph. - הִדְגִּיל MH 1 he praised, glorified; NH 2 he decked out with flags.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְגַּל MH 1 was praised, was glorified; NH 2 it was decked out with flags. [Denominated from דֶּגֶל.] Derivatives: דָּגוּל, דִּגּוּל, דְּגִילָה, הַדְגָּלָה.

 

דגל ᴵᴵ to deceive, cheat.

    — Pi. - דִּגֵּל he deceived, cheated.

    — Hiph. - הִדְגִּיל he denied; he argued. [JAram.–Syr. דַּגֵּל (= he deceived, acted deceitfully), Arab. dajala (= he deceived, cheated), dajjāl (= cheat, impostor, quack).]

 

דַּגָּל m.n. NH standard bearer. [Nomen opificis formed from דגל according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

דִּגְלוּל m.n. NH flagging. [Verbal n. of דִּגְלֵל, Pi. of דגלל.]

 

דִּגְלוֹן m.n. NH a small flag. [Formed from דֶּגֶל with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

דגלל to flag.

    — Pi. - דִּגְלֵל he flagged. [Denominated from דֶּגֶל.]

 

דַּגְלָן m.n. NH standard bearer. [Formed from דֶּגֶל with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

דֶּֽגֶם, דְּגָם m.n. NH sample, specimen, model. [Back formation from דֻּגְמָה.]

 

דגם to exemplify, standardize.

    — Pi. - דִּגֵּם tr. v. he demonstrated; he standardized.

    — Pu. - דֻּגַּם was standardized.

    — Hiph. - הִדְגִּים he exemplified, demonstrated.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְגַּם was exemplified, was demonstrated. [Denominated from דֻּגְמָה.] Derivatives: דִּגּוּם, דגמן, הַדְגָּמָה, מִדְגָּם, מֻדֽגָּם.

 

דֻּגְמָא, דֻּגְמָה f.n. PBH (pl. דֻּגְמוֹת or דֻּגֽמָאוֹת) sample, example, instance, specimen, type, model, pattern. [From Gk. deigma (= sample, specimen), from the stem of deikuynai (= to show), which is cogn. with L. dicere (= to say, tell). See דִּיקְטָטוֹר.] Derivatives: דגם, דֶּגֶם, דְּגָם, דֻּגְמָאִי, דֻּגְמָן, דֻּגְמָתִי.

 

דֻּגְמָאִי adj. NH exemplary, serving as a model. [Formed from דֻּגְמָא with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֻּגְמָן m.n. NH 1 artist’s model; 2 mannequin. [Formed from דֻּגְמָה with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: דֻּגֽמָנוּת, דֻּגְמָנִית.

 

דַּגְמָן m.n. NH sampler, modeller. [Derived from דגם with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: דגמן.

 

דגמן to sample, to model.

    — Pi. - דִּגֽמֵן he sampled, he modelled. [Denominated from דַּגְמָן.]

 

דֻּגְמָנוּת f.n. NH profession of a mannequin. [Formed from דֻּגְמָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דֻּגְמָנִית f.n. NH (female) mannequin. [Formed from דֻּגְמָן with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דֻּגְמָתִי adj. NH exemplary, serving as a model. [Formed from דֻּגְמָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דָּגָן m.n. corn, grain. [Related to Phoen. דגן, JAram. דְּגָנָא, Samaritan dīgan, Ugar. dgn (= corn, grain).] Derivatives: דגן, דְּגָנִיָּה, דְּגָנִיִּים, cp. דָּגוֹן.

 

דגן to gather corn.

    — Pi. - דִּגֵּן he gathered corn.

    — Pu. - דֻּגַּן was gathered (said of corn). [Denominated from דָּגָן (= corn, grain).] Derivative: דִּגּוּן.

 

דְּגָנִי adj. NH of the color of the centaury, bluish. [Back formation from דְּגָנִיָּה.]

 

דְּגָנִיָּה f.n. NH centaury. [Lit.: ‘cornflower’. Formed from דָּגָן (= corn, grain), with suff. ◌ִיָּה.] Derivative: דְּגָנִי.

 

דְּגָנִיִּים m.n. NH pl., cereal plants. [Formed from דָּגָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֶּגֶנֶרָט m.n. FW a degenerate man. [L. degenerātus, p. part. of dēgenerāre (= to degenerate), lit.: ‘to depart from one’s race’, from dē (= from, away from, down from, out of, on account of, concerning, according to), and genus (= birth, descent; race). See דֶּ◌ and גֶּן.]

 

דֶּגֶנֶרַצְיָה f.n. FW degeneracy. [Fren. dégénération, from L. dēgenerātus. See דֶּגֶנֶרַט and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

 

דגר to hatch, sit on eggs (lit.: ‘to gather together as a brood’).

    — Qal - דָּגַר it hatched.

    — Hiph. - הִדְגִּיר he sat on eggs.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְגֵּר was sat on eggs. [JAram. דְּגַר (= he heaped; also f. ‘she hatched’), JAram. and Mand. דְּגוֹרָא, Arab. metathesis daraja (= it left or outgrew its nest).] Derivatives: דָּגוּר, דְּגִירָה, דַּגְרָן, דּוֹגְרָנִית, דּוֹגֶרֶת, הַדְגָּרָה, מִדְגָּר, מֻדֽגָּר, מַדֽגֵּרָה, תִּדְגֹּרֶת.

 

דַּגְרָן m.n. NH brooder. [Formed from דגר with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

דָּגֵשׁ m.n. MH 1 ‘daghesh’ — a dot put in a consonant in order to change its pronunciation (Heb. grammar). NH 2 emphasis. [Syr. דָּגֵשׁ, act. part. of דְּגֵשׁ (= he pricked, pointed, pierced through), which is related to Akka. dagāshu (= to pierce, sting), Ethiop. dagasa (= he pierced through).] Derivatives: דגשׁ, דָּגוּשׁ, דִּגְשָׁה, דִּגְשׁוֹן, דִּגְשׁוּת, הַדְגָּשָׁה.

 

דגש to stress, emphasize; to mark with a ‘daghesh’

    — Pi. - דִּגֵּשׁ MH 1 he marked with a daghesh; NH 2 he stressed, accentuated, emphasized.

    — Niph. - נִדְגַּשׁ was marked with a daghesh.

    — Hiph. - הִדְגִּישׁ MH 1 he marked with a daghesh; NH 2 he stressed, accentuated, emphasized.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְגַּשׁ MH 1 was marked with a daghesh; NH 2 was stressed, was accentuated, was emphasized. [Denominated from דָּגֵשׁ.] Derivatives: הֶדְגֵּשׁ, הַדְגָּשָׁה, מַדְגֵּשׁ, מֻדְגָּשׁ.

 

דִּגְשָׁה f.n. MH 1 ‘daghesh’. 2 being marked with a daghesh. [Formed from דָּגֵשׁ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דִּגְשׁוֹן m.n. MH being marked with a ‘daghesh’. [Formed from דָּגֵשׁ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

דַּגְשׁוּת f.n. MH being marked with a ‘daghesh’. [Formed from דָּגֵשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּד m.n. 1 breast, teat, nipple. PBH 2 tap. MH 3 nipple of the citrus fruit. [Together with JAram. דַּדָּא, Ugar. dd, Akka. didā, imitative of child’s babble. cp. זִיז ᴵᴵ.]

 

דָּדָאִיזְם m.n. FW Dadaism. [Fren. dadaīsme, from dada, name of an artistic movement characterized by incoherence and the love of paradoxes, properly a child’s word meaning ‘horse, hobby horse, hobby’. This word was chosen in 1916 by Tristan Tzara, a Rumanian-born poet and editor in Paris (1896–1963), to designate this artistic movement. For the ending see suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

 

דדה to move slowly.

    — Pi. - דִּדָּה 1 he hopped, skipped; 2 he led slowly (a child or a calf).

    — Hith. - הִדַּדָּה he walked slowly, sauntered. [JAram. דַּדִּי (= he led a child), אִדַּדִּי (= he hopped, skipped), Arab. da’daa’ (= it ran quickly — said of a camel; prob. of imitative origin).] Derivative: דִּדּוּי.

 

דִּדּוּי m.n. MH hopping, skipping. [Verbal n. of דִּדָּה. See דדה.]

 

דֶּדוּקְטִיבִי adj. FW deductive. [L. dēductīvus (= derivative), from dēductus, p. part. of dēdūcere. See דֶּדוּקֽצְיָה.]

 

דֶּדוּקְצְיָה f.n. FW deduction. [L. dēductiō (= a leading away; deduction, diminution; reasoning), from dēductus, p. part. of dēducere (= to lead or bring down, deduct, derive, trace down), from dē (see דֶּ◌) and dūcere (= to lead); see דֻּכָּס.]

 

דהב to redden (one’s face).

    — Hiph. - הִדְהִיב it reddened (one’s face), it filled him with shame. [Related to צהב and זהב.]

 

דַּהֲבָא m.n. PBH gold (occurring in phrases quoted from Talmud and Midrash). [JAram., related to Heb. זָהָב (= gold). cp. דהב.]

 

דהה to fade, become dim.

    — Qal - דָּהָה faded, was or became dim.

    — Niph. - נִדְהָה became dim, faded.

    — Pi. - דִּהָה became dim, faded.

    — Hiph. - הִדְהָה he made dim, dimmed, discolored.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְהָה was made dim, was dimmed. [JAram. אֲדִיהַּ (= he made weak or faint), Arab. da’ā (= was sick).] Derivatives: דֵּהֶה, דָּהוּי, דִּהוּי, דְּהִי, דְּהִיָּה, הַדְהָיָה.

 

דֵּהֶה adj. PBH fading, dim, dull. [From דהה.]

 

דָּהוּי adj. MH faded. [From דהה; formally, pass. part. of דָּהָה.]

 

דִּהוּי m.n. NH fading, discoloration. [Verbal n. of דִּהָה, Pi. of דהה.]

 

דָּהוּם adj. NH astounded, perplexed. [Pass. part. of דָּהַם (= he was astounded, was perplexed. See דהם.]

 

דָּהוּן adj. NH smeared with an oily substance, tarred. [Pass. part. of דָּהַן; see דהן.]

 

דִּהוּן m.n. NH oiling, smearing with an oily substance. [Verbal n. of דִּהֵן, Pi. of דהן.]

 

דְּהִי m.n. NH fadedness, discoloration. [From דהה.]

 

דֶּהִידְרַצְיָה f.n. FW dehydration. [Formed from L. dē– (see דֶּ◌) and Gk. hydor (= water). See הִידְרָה.]

 

דְּהִיָּה f.n. NH fading, discoloration. [Verbal n. of דָּהָה (= became dim). See דהה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דֶּה־יוּרֶה FW de jure. [L. dē jūre (= by right), from dē and ablative of jūs (= right). See דֶּ◌ and יוּרִידִי.]

 

דְּהִימָה f.n. MH stupefaction, shock. [Verbal n. of דָּהַם. See דהם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּהַיְנוּ adv. PBH that is to say. [JAram., formed from דְּ◌ (= that, which), and הַיְנוּ (= that is). See דְּ◌ and הַיְנוּ.]

 

דְּהִירָה f.n. NH galloping, gallop. [Verbal n. of דָּהַר. See דהר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דַּהְלִיָּה f.n. FW Dahlia, name of a genus of plants. [Modern L. Dahlia, named by the Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles in 1791 after the Swedish botanist Anders Dahl, a pupil of Linnaeus.]

 

דהם to astound, perplex.

    — Qal - דָּהַם he was astounded, was perplexed, was shocked, was frightened.

    — Niph. - נִדְהַם of s.m. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 14:9 in the form נִדְהָם).

    — Hiph. - הִדְהִים he astounded, perplexed, shocked, frightened.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְהַם was astounded, was perplexed, was shocked, was frightened. [Arab. dahima, dahama (= unexpected misfortune), ’ adham (= back), duhaym, duhayma (= misfortune, calamity), Akka. d’āmu (= to be dark).] Derivatives: דָּהוּם, דְּהִימָה, הַדְהָמָה, הִדָּהֲמוּת, נִדְהָם, תַּדְהֵמָה.

 

דֹּֽהַן m.n. MH oily ointment, polish. [From JAram. דּוּהֲנָא (= oil, fattening, substance), which is related to Arab. duhn (= oil, fat, grease).] Derivative: דהן.

 

דהן to smear or polish with an oily substance.

    — Pi. - דִּהֵן he smeared or polished with an oily substance, tarred.

    — Pu. - דֹּהַן was smeared or polished with an oily substance, was tarred. [Denominated from דֹּהַן. cp. Aram.–Syr. דְּהֵן (= he was oiled, was anointed, grew fat), Arab. dahana (= he oiled, anointed, smeared).] Derivatives: דָּהוּן, דִּהוּן, מְדֹהָן.

 

דֶּה־פַקְטוֹ FW de facto. [L. dē factō (= in fact), from dē and ablative of factum (= deed, act, fact). See דֶּ◌ and פַקְט.]

 

דהר to gallop.

    — Qal - דָּהַר he galloped, it galloped — said of a horse (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Nah. 3:2 in the form דֹּהֵר).

    — Pi. - דִּהֵר he galloped.

    — Hiph. - הִדְהִיר he caused (esp. a horse) to dash, he galloped (tr. v.), he spurred.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְהַר it (esp. a horse) was galloped, was spurred. [Arab. dahara (= he fell upon, befell, overcame), indahara (= he hurried).] Derivatives: דְּהִירָה, דַּהַר, דֹּהַר, דְּהָרָה, דַּהֲרָן, דְּהַרְהֹרֶת, דּוֹהֵר, הַדְהָרָה.

 

דֹּֽהַר MH, דַּֽהַר PBH m.n. galloping, gallop. [Back formation from דְּהָרָה.]

 

דְּהָרָה f.n. prancing, galloping, gallop (in the Bible occurring only Jud. 5:22 in the phrase מִדַּהֲרוֹת דַּהֲרוֹת אַבִּירָיו, ‘by reason of the furious prancings of their mighty ones’). [Formed from דהר with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּהַרְהֹרֶת f.n. NH light galloping. [Formed from דְּהָרָה through reduplication of the second and third radical of the stem.]

 

דַּהֲרָן m.n. NH galloper, racehorse, courser. [Formed from דָּהַר (see דהר) with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

דּוֹ FW do — a syllable used in solmization to denote the first tone of the diatonic scale.]

 

דּוּ◌ PBH combining form meaning ‘two, bi-, di-, double’ as e.g. in דּוּ־אוֹפַן (= two-wheeled cart), דּוּ־בֵיתִי (= dioecious), דּוּ־יַרְחוֹן (= bimonthly magazine), דּוּ־לְשׁוֹנִי (= bilingual), דּוּ־מְמַדִּי (= two-dimensional), דּוּ־מַשְׁמָעִי (= ambiguous), דּוּ־פְּסִיגִי (= dicotyledon), דּוּ־צְדָדִי (= two-sided, bilateral), etc. [JAram. דּוּ◌, borrowed from Gk. dyo (= two), which is cogn. with L. duo, etc. from IE base * duwō(u) (= two). cp. דּוּפַנִּית, דּוּקְרָב, דְּיוֹמָד, דְּיוֹפַן. cp. also דּוּאֶט, דּוּאָלִיזְם and the first element in דּוֹדֶקָאֶדֶר.]

 

דּוּאֶט m.n. FW duet. [Fren. duet, from It. duetta, dimin. of due (= two), from L. duo. See דּוּ◌ and cp. דּוּאִית.]

 

דּוּאִית f.n. NH duet. [Hebraization of דּוּאֶט.]

 

דּוּאָלִיזְם m.n. FW dualism. [From L. duālis (= containing two), from duo (= two). See דּוּ◌ and ◌ִיזְם.]

 

דּוֹאַר see רֹּאַר.

 

דוב to pine away.

    — Hiph. - הֵדִיב he caused to languish, caused to pine away (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 26:16).] [A collateral form of דאב, related to JAram., Syr., and Mand. דוב (of s.m.).]

 

דּוֹבֵר m.n. NH spokesman, speaker. [Subst. use of the act. part. of דָּבַר. דּוֹבֵר is properly a secondary form of the Pi. part. מְדַבֵּר. For other act. participles of the Qal, which are in reality only secondary forms of the resp. Pi., cp. חוֹכֵי (= מְחַכֵּי; see חכה), יוֹסֵר (= מְיַסֵּר; see יסר), כּוֹזֵב (= מְכַזֵּב; see כזב), כּוֹסֶה (= מְכַסֶּה; see כסה), נוֹגְנִים (= מְנַגְּנִים; see נגן).] Derivative: דּוֹבְרוּת.

 

דּוֹבְרָה see דֹּבְרָה.

 

דּוֹבְרוּת f.n. NH spokesmanship. [Formed from דּוֹבֵר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דוג to fish.

    — Qal - דָּג fished. [A secondary form of base דיג.] Derivatives: דּוּגָה, יְדוּג, prob. also דּוּגִית.

 

דַּוָּג m.n. fisher. [Nomen opificis formed from דוג (= to fish), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

דּוּגָה f.n. fishing, fishery (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Amos 4:2 in the phrase סִירַת־דּוּגָה, ‘a small fishing boat’). [Formed from דוג with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דּוּגִית f.n. PBH 1 a small fishing boat. 2 a small boat. [Prob. derived from דּוּגָה.] Derivative: דְּגוּגִית.

 

דּוֹגְמָה f.n. FW dogma. [L. dogma, from Gk. dogma (= that which one thinks true, opinion, doctrine, decree), from dokein (= to seem, have the appearance of, think, believe), whence also doxa (= opinion, glory), from IE base * deƙ-, * doƙ- (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming, good), whence also L. decēre (= to be seemly or fitting). cp. דּוֹצֶנְט and words there referred to.]

 

דּוֹגְמָטִי adj. FW dogmatic(al). [Gk. dogmatikos (= pertaining to doctrines), from dogma. See דּוֹגְמָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דּוֹגְמָטִיזְם m.n. FW dogmatism. [Fren. dogmatisme, from Med. L. dogmatismus, from L. dogma, from Gk. dogma. See דּוֹגְמָה and ◌ִיזְם.]

 

דּוֹגְרָנִית f.n. NH broody hen. [Formed from דּוֹגֵר, pres. part. of דָּגַר (see דגר) with suff. ◌נִית.]

 

דּוֹגֶרֶת m.n. NH broody hen. [Subst. use of the f. part. of דָּגַר. See דגר.]

 

דּוֹד m.n. 1 uncle (the brother of one’s father or mother). NH 2 the husband of one’s aunt. 3 beloved, friend. NH 4 children’s name of a stranger. [Related to Syr. דָּדָא (= uncle; beloved), Mand., Nab. and Palm. dada (= father’s brother), Arab. dād (= foster-father), dad (= play, game, joke), Akka. dādu (= beloved child). All these words prob. derive from infants’ babbling ‘ dād’.] Derivatives: דּוֹדָה, דּוֹדִים, דּוֹדָן, prob. also דּוּדָא.

 

דּוּד m.n. (pl. דְּוָדִים, also דּוּדִים, in sense 2 also דּוּדָאִים) . 1 kettle. 2 a large basket. 3 boiler. [Related to JAram.–Syr. and Mand. דּוּדָא (= kettle), Ugar. dd (= pot), Akka. dūdu, Arab. midhwad (= feeding trough).] Derivative: דַּוָּד.

 

דַּוָּד m.n. NH kettlemaker, boilermaker. [Nomen opificis formed from דּוּד (= kettle), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

דּוּדָא, דּוּדַי m.n. (pl. דּוּדָאִים) mandragora, mandrake (in the Bible it occurs only in the pl., Gen. 30:14–16 and Cant. 7:14). [Prob. related to דּוֹד (= beloved), and properly meaning ‘love-exciting (plant)’.]

 

דּוֹדָה f.n. 1 aunt (the sister of one’s father or mother). NH 2 the wife of one’s uncle. NH 3 children’s name for an unknown woman. [f. of דּוֹד.]

 

דּוּדַי see דּוּדָא.

 

דּוֹדִים m.n. pl. love, love play. [Abstract use of the pl. of דּוֹד.]

 

דּוֹדָן m.n. NH cousin (m.). [Formed from דּוֹד with dimin. suff. ◌ָן.]

 

דּוֹדָנִית f.n. NH cousin (f.) [Formed from דּוֹדָן with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דּוֹדֶקָאֶדֶר m.n. FW dodecahedron (geometry). [Gk. dodekahedron (= lit.: ‘having twelve faces’), from dodeka (= twelve), and hedra (= seat, chair, bench; side, face). Gk. dodeka is shortened from duodeka, from duo (= two; see דּוּ◌), and deka (= ten; see דֶּקָדָה). Gk. hedra stands for * sedrā and is cogn. with L. sedēre (= to sit). See the first element in דוֹדֶקָגוֹן and cp. אַסֽלָה, סַנְהֶדְרִין and the second element in פּוֹלִיאֶדֶר. See also אַכְסַדְרָה and cp. words there referred to.]

 

דּוֹדֶקָגוֹן m.n. FW dodecagon (geometry). [Gk. dodekagonon (= lit.: ‘having twelve angles’), from dodeka (= twelve; see דּוֹדֶקָאֶדֶר), and gonea (= corner, angle), which is related to gonu (= knee). See ‘knee’ in my CEDEL and cp. the second element in פּוֹלִיגוֹן.]

 

דוה to be ill, be unwell.

    — Qal - דָּוָה was ill, was sick (esp. of a woman in menstruation).

    — Niph. - נִדְוָה he felt pain.

    — Hiph. - הִדְוָה he caused pain. [JAram.–Syr. דְּוָא, דְּוִי (= to be miserable), Ugar. dwy (= to be ill), Arab. dawiya, dā’a, Ethiop. dawaya (= was ill), perhaps also Akka. di’ū (= illness).] Derivatives: דָּוֶה, דָּווּי, דָּווֹן, דְּוַי, דַּוָּי, דִּוְיוֹן, מַדְוֶה.

 

דָּוֶה adj. sick, faint, unwell. [From דוה. cp. Arab. dawin.]

 

דּוֹהֵר adj. NH galloping. [Pres. part. of דָּהַר; see דהר.]

 

דָּווּי adj. PBH sick, painful. [Pass. part. of דָּוָה. See דוה.]

 

דָּווֹן m.n. MH pain, sorrow. [Formed from דוה (= to be ill, be unwell), with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

 

דוח ᴵ to rinse, cleanse, wash off by rinsing.

    — Niph. - נִדּוֹחַ was rinsed, was cleansed, was washed off.

    — Niph. - הֵדִיחַ he rinsed, cleansed, washed off.

    — Hoph. - הוּדַח was rinsed, was cleansed, was washed off. [JAram. אֲדִיחַ (= he rinsed, cleansed, washed off). Related to דחה, דחח, נדח.] Derivatives: הֲדָחָה, מוּדָח.

 

דוח ᴵᴵ to report.

    — Pi. - דִּוַּח reported.

    — Pu. - דֻּוַּח was reported. [Formed from דּוּ״חַ (q.v.).] Derivative: דַּוָּח.

 

דּוּ״חַ m.n. NH (pl. דּוּ״חוֹת) report. [Abbreviation of דִּין וְחֶשְׁבּוֹן (= report, account).] Derivative: דוח ᴵᴵ.

 

דַּוָּח m.n. FW reporter. [Nomen opificis formed from דִּוַּח (see דוח ᴵᴵ), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

דּוֹחֶה adj. NH repulsive, repellent, offensive. [Pres. part. of דָּחָה; see דחה.]

 

דּוּחַי m.n. NH amphibian. [Compounded of דּוּ◌ (= two, double), and חַי (= living).]

 

דּוּחָל m.n. NH stonechat, whinchat. [Of unknown origin.]

 

דְּוַי m.n. illness, sickness. [From דוה.]

 

דַּוָּי adj. very ill, very sick. [Formed from דוה after the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

דִּוְיוֹן m.n. MH illness, sickness; pain. [Formed from דוה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

דֶּוִיז m.n. FW foreign currency. [Fren. devise, from devise (= division), from deviser (= to divide, distribute), from VL * dēvīsāre, formed with vowel dissimilation from * divīsāre, frequentative of L. dīvidere (= to force apart, separate, divide), from di– (= apart), and * widh– (= to separate). See ‘divide’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דוך to crush, pound, beat.

    — Qal - דָּךְ he crushed, pounded, beat (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 11:8 in the form דָּכוּ).

    — Hiph. - נִדּוֹךְ was crushed, was pounded, was beaten.

    — Hoph. - הוּדַךְ (of s.m.). [JAram. דַּיֵךְ, Arab. dāka (= he pounded). cp. Akka. dāku (= to kill), Ugar. dk (= to pound). Related to bases דרך, דכה, דקק, and prob. of imitative origin.] Derivatives: דִּיכָה, מָדוֹךְ, מְדוֹכָה. cp. דּוּכָן.

 

דּוּכִיפַת f.n. (pl. דּוּכִיפַתִּים and דּוּכִיפוֹת) , hoopoe. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps imitative of its cry. cp. Gk. hepops, L. upupa, Eng. hoopoe, which are also of imitative origin.]

 

דּוּכָן m.n. PBH stand, platform, pulpit, rostrum. [Related to Aram. דּוּכָנָא, Arab. dukkān (= bench, store shop). These words lit. denote a flat place and derive from base דוך (= to pound, beat, make flat), whence also Aram. דּוּךְ, דּוּכְתָּא (= place; lit.: ‘something flat’). For sense development cp. Fren. place (whence Eng. place) from Gk. platus (= flat). Base דוך is related to base דכך; see Arab. dakka (= he made flat). See דוך and cp. דּוּכְנָא, דּוּכְנַאי and דָּכוֹן.

 

דּוּכְנָא m.n. PBH of the s.m. as דּוּכָן (q.v.). [JAram. דּוּכָן.] Derivative: דּוּכְנַאי.

 

דּוּכְנַאי m.n. NH pedlar, stallholder, barrowboy. [Formed from דּוּכָן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

דּוּכָּס see דֻּכָּס.

 

דּוּכְסוּסְטוֹס m.n. PBH (pl. דּוּכְסוּסְטִין) an inferior kind of parchment. [From Gk. dischistos (= divided, parted), from di (see דִּי◌) and schistos (= split, divided), p. part. of schizein (= to split, divide), which is related to schazein (= to scratch), and cogn. with L. scindere (= to cut, split, cleave).]

 

דּוּכָּסוּת see דֻּכָּסוּת.

 

דּוֹלְגָנִי adj. NH desultory, superficial. [Formed from דלג (= to leap, jump, skip), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

דּוֹלוֹמִיט m.n. FW dolomite. [Fren. dolomite, named after the Fren. geologist and mineralogist De’odat de Dolomieu (1750–1801). For the ending see suff. ◌ִיט.]

 

דּוֹלְלָה f.n. PBH skein. [JAram. דּוֹלְלָא, דַּוְלְלָא (= web), from דְּוֵיל (= he wove), which is related to Syr. דּוּלָא (= the woof of a web), prob. also to Arab. zāwala (= he devoted himself, applied himself).]

 

דּוֹלְמֶן m.n. FW dolmen. [Fren. dolmen (lit.: ‘a table of stone’), from Breton taol (= table), a loan word from L. tabula (= board, plank; see טַבְלָא), and Breton maen, mēn (= stone). cp. the first element in מֶנְהִיר.]

 

דּוֹלְפִין m.n. FW dolphin. [Eng. dolphin, from Middle Eng. delphin, delfyn, from Old Fren. daulphin, dalfin, from Med. L. dalfīnus, from L. delphīnus, delphīn, from Gk. delphis (= dolphin), which is related to delphus (= womb); the animal is so called in allusion to the womb of the female.]

 

דּוֹלָר m.n. FW dollar. [Eng. dollar, from Ger. dāler, from Taler, abbreviation of Joachimstaler (lit.: ‘Valley of Joachim’) in Bohemia; so called from the piece of money first coined there in 1519.]

 

דּוּם־דּוּם m.n. FW dumdum (kind of expanding bullets). [From the place name Dumdum near Calcutta, (the headquarters of the Bengal artillery until 1853).]

 

דּוּמָה ᴵ f.n. silence, stillness, grave. [Formed from דום with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דּוּמָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH 1 evil report. 2 a woman of ill repute. [From JAram. דּוּם (= to be silent), whence ‘to speak in a low voice, suspect’. See דום and cp. דּוּמָה ᴵ.]

 

דּוֹמֶה adj. similar, like. [Act. part. of דָּמָה. See דמה ᴵ.]

 

דּוּמִיָּה f.n. silence, stillness. [Formed from דום with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

דּוֹמִינוֹ m.n. FW domino. [Fren., from It. domino (= master, lord), from L. dominus (of s.m.), prob. so called because he who has first disposed his pieces becomes ‘the master’. L. dominus lit. means ‘master of the house’, formed from domus (= house) with – nus (for IE * no–), a suff. denoting ownership or relation. See ‘dome’ (= building), in my CEDEL. cp. דּוֹמִינְיוֹן, דּוֹן, דּוֹנָה. cp. also the first element in דֶּסְפּוֹט.]

 

דּוֹמִינְיוֹן m.n. FW dominion. [Eng. dominion, from L. dominiō (= property, right of ownership, domain), from dominus. See דּוֹמִינוֹ and cp. קוֹנְדוֹמִינֽיוֹן.]

 

דּוֹמִינִיקָנִי adj. & n. FW Dominican. [From Med. L. Dominicānus, from Dominicus, Latinized name of Domingo de Guzmán (Santo Domingo), the founder of this order of monks.]

 

דּוֹמֵם MH 1 inanimate matter (as minerals, metals, water). NH 2 silent. [Act. part. of דָּמַם. See דמם ᴵ.]

 

דּוּמָם adv. in silence. [Formed from דום with indef. suff. ◌ָם.]

 

דּוֹמֶן see דֹּמֶן.]

 

דּוֹמַנִי PBH it seems to me. [A contraction formed from דוֹמֶה (= similar, like) and אֲנִי (= I).]

 

דון ᴵ to judge.

    — Qal - דָּן he judged.

    — Niph. - נָדוֹן, נִדּוֹן 1 was discussed, considered; 2 sentenced, doomed. [A collateral form of base דין.]

 

דון ᴵᴵ a base prob. meaning ‘to abide, stay, continue’ (occurring Gen. 6:3 in the form יָדוֹן). [Of uncertain origin. Socin compares Egypt. Arab. dāna (= he did something continuously).]

 

דּוֹן m.n. FW Don (title). [Sp. don, from L. dominus (= master, lord). See דּוֹמִינוֹ and cp. דּוֹנָה.]

 

דּוֹנַג m.n. wax. [Of uncertain etymology; perhaps a loan word from Akka. dumqu (= clear). According to Fleischer related to Arab. danj (= remainder of the honeycombs).] Derivatives: דנג, דּוֹנַגִּי, דּוֹנַגִּית.

 

דּוֹנַגִּי adj. NH waxen. [Formed from דּוֹנַג with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דּוֹנַגִּית f.n. NH 1 a waxlike layer. 2 honeywort. [Formed from דּוֹנַג with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דּוֹנָה f.n. FW Donna (title). [It. donna, from L. domina (= the mistress of a household), f. of dominus (= master, lord). See דּוֹמִינוֹ and cp. דּוֹן. cp. also the second element in פּֽרִימָדוֹנָה.]

 

דּוּנָם m.n. FW dunam (a measure of land). [From Turkish.]

 

דּוֹפֶן see דֹּפֶן.

 

דּוּפַנִּית f.n. NH a two-wheeled car. [Contraction of דּוּ◌ (= two), and אוֹפַן (= wheel).]

 

דּוֹפֵק m.n. PBH upright tombstone. [Prob. subst. use of the act. part. of דָּפַק (= he knocked, struck); see דפק.]

 

דּֽוֹפֶק see דֹּפֶק.

 

דוץ to spring, leap, dance.

    — Qal - דָּץ 1 he jumped, leapt, danced (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 41:14); MH 2 he rejoiced. [JAram.–Syr. דּוּץ (= to spring, leap, dance), Arab. dāṣa (= he leapt off, jumped off).] Derivatives: דִּיץ, דִּיצָה.

 

דּוֹצֶנְט m.n. FW docent, privatdocent. [L. docēns (= teaching), pres. part. of docēre (= to teach; orig. ‘to cause somebody to receive something’), from IE base * deƙ–, * doƙ– (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming, good), whence also L. decēre (= to be seemly or fitting). See ‘decent’ in my CEDEL and cp. דּוֹקוּמֶנְטַצְיָה, דּוֹקְטוֹר, דִּידַקֽטִי, דֶּקוֹרַצֽיָה and the second element in אוֹכֽתּוֹדוֹקֽסְיָה, פּוּנְדָק, פָּרָדוֹקֽס. cp. also דָּכוֹן.]

 

דוק to consider, be exact.

    — Qal - דָּק he considered, looked up, was exact. [An Aramaic base related to the base דקק. cp. דיק.] Derivative: דַּוְקָא.

 

דַּוְקָא adv. PBH exactly, exactly so, precisely. [From דוק.] Derivatives: דַּוְקַאי, דַּוְקָן.

 

דַּוְקַאי m.n. NH spiteful, contradictive, cantankerous. [Formed from דַּוְקָא with suff. ◌ַי.]

 

דּוֹקוּמֶנְטַצְיָה f.n. FW documentation. [Late L. documentātiō, from L. documentum (= lesson, example, pattern, proof), from docēre (= to teach). See דּוֹצֶנְט and suff. ◌ִצְיָה.]

 

דּוֹקוּמֶנְטָרִי adj. FW documentary. [From L. documentum (= lesson, example, pattern, proof), from docēre (= to teach). For the ending of דּוֹקוּמֶנֽטָרִי see adj. suff. ‘-ary’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דּוּקָט m.n. FW ducat. [It. ducato, from Gk. doukas, from doux, grecization of L. dux (= leader), surname of the emperor Constantine X of the Byzantine Empire (1059–67), which was impressed upon the gold coins struck during his reign. This name was confused later with It. ducato (= duchy, dukedom), from duce (= duke), from L. dux (= leader); see דֻּכָּס.]

 

דּוֹקְטוֹר m.n. FW doctor. [L. doctor (= teacher, instructor), from doctus, p. part. of docēre (= to teach). See דּוֹצֶנְט and cp. דּוֹקְטְרִינָה. For the ending see agential suff. ‘–or’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: דקטר.

 

דּוֹקְטוֹרָט m.n. FW doctorate. [Med. L. doctōrātus, from L. doctor. See דּוֹקְטוֹר.]

 

דּוֹקְטְרִינָה f.n. FW doctrine. [L. doctrīna (= teaching, instruction), from doctor (= teacher). See דּוֹקְטוֹר. For the ending see subst. suff. ‘–ine’ (representing L. – mā) in my CEDEL.]

 

דּוֹקְטְרִינֶר m.n. FW doctrinaire, an impractical person. [Fren. doctrinaire, from doctrine, from L. doctrina. See דּוֹקְטְרִינָה. Fren. suff. – aire derives from L. – ārius; see first and second suff. ‘–ary’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דַּוְקָן adj. PBH 1 precise, accurate (said of a person); 2 meticulous. [From Aram. דַּוְקָנָא (of s.m.), derivative of דַּוְקָא. See דַּוְקָא.] Derivatives: דַּוְקָנוּת, דַּוְקָנִי.

 

דַּוְקָנוּת f.n. NH 1 precision, accuracy; 2 meticulousness. [Formed from דַּוְקָא with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּוְקָנִי adj. 1 precise, accurate (said of a thing). 2 meticulous. [Formed from דַּוְקָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דּוּקְרָב m.n. NH duel. [Compounded of דּוּ◌ (= two), and קֽרָב (= battle, fight).]

 

דּוּקְרָן m.n. PBH 1 cane, reed (for supporting vines). 2 two-pronged pole. [Gk. dikranon (= pitchfork), properly subst. use of the neuter of the adj. dikranos (= two-headed), from di– (= two; see דִּי◌ ᴵ), and kranion (= the skull), which is related to kare, kara, kar (= head). See ‘di–’ (= two), and ‘cranium’ in my CEDEL. The word דּוּקְרָן was folk-etymologically explained as a compound of דּוּ◌ (= two), and קֶרֶן (= horn).]

 

דּוֹקְרָנוּת f.n. NH 1 stinging, prickliness. 2 sarcasm. [Formed from דּוֹקֵר, pres. part. of דָּקַר (see דקר), with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

דּוֹקְרָנִי adj. NH prickly, thorny, piercing. [Formed from דּוֹקֵר, pres. part. of דָּקַר (see דקר), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

דור to move in a circle, go round, whence ‘to dwell’.

    — Qal - דָּר he dwelt (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 84:11).

    — Pi. - דִּיֵּר PBH 1 he introduced; NH 2 he caused to dwell, housed, accommodated. [Arab. dāra (= he moved in a circle, went about), dār (= house; orig.: ‘buildings surrounding a court’), daur (= circumference), dahr (= long time, age), BAram. and JAram. דּוּר (= to dwell), מְדוֹר, מְדָר (= dwelling place), דָּר, דָּרָא (= generation), JAram. דּוּרָא, Syr. דַּיְרָא (= abode), Ugar. dr (= generation), Akka. dūru (= wall, fortress; also duration, eternity), dārū (= everlasting).] Derivatives: דּוּר ᴵ (n.), דּוֹר, דָּיוֹר, דִּיּוּר, דִּיר, דַּיָּר, מָדוֹר, מֽדוּרָה. cp. דֹּאַר. cp. also דרדר, דַּרְדַּר, דְּרָרָא and תָּדִיר.

 

דּוֹר m.n. (pl. דּוֹרוֹת, also דּוֹרִים) 1 generation. 2 period, age. [From דור.]

 

דּוּר ᴵ m.n. 1 circle. PBH 2 rim. [From דור. cp. כַּדּוּר.]

 

דּוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. FW major (music). [It. duro (= hard), from L. dūrus (= hard, rough, rude), prob. dissimilated from drū-ros, for dreu-ros, and lit. meaning ‘as hard as wood’, from IE base * derew(o)–, * drew(o)-, * dru- (= tree, wood), whence also Gk. drus (= oak, tree), doru (= stem, tree, beam, shaft of a spear, spear), Old I. dru- (= wood, wooden vessel), dā́ru (= wood). See ‘tree’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘dure’ ibid.

 

דַּוָּר, דַּוָּאר m.n. PBH 1 mail carrier, despatch bearer. NH 2 postman, mailman. [Nomen opificis formed according to the pattern פַּעָל. For the origin of the word see דֹּאַר.]

 

דּוּרֶגֶל m.n. NH biped. [Compounded of דּוּ◌ (= bi–), and רֶגֶל (= foot).]

 

דּוּרְדִים m.n. pl. MH yeast. [Aram. דּוּרְדַיָּא (of s.m.).]

 

דּוּרָה f.n. NH Sorghum (a genus of grasses). [From Arab. dhura.]

 

דּוֹרוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. דּוֹרוֹנוֹת) gift, present. [From Gk. doron, from IE * dō-ron (= gift), which has a collateral form * dō-nom, whence L. dōnom. cp. ‘donation’ in my CEDEL. cp. also דּוֹרִי and the second element in פַּנֽדּוֹרָה and in תֶּרְמִידוֹר.]

 

דּוֹרִי adj. FW Doric. [Back formation from Gk. Dorikos, from Doris (= Doris), name of a district in Central Greece, named after Doros (= Dorus), the ancestor of the Dorians, a name related to doron (= gift). See דּוֹרוֹן. For the ending see adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דּוֹרָיָה f.n. PBH gift, present. [A collateral form of דּוֹרוֹן (q.v.).]

 

דּוֹרֵס adj. NH raptorial (zoology). [Pres. part. of דָּרַס; see דרס.] Derivative: דּוֹרְסָנִי.

 

דּוֹרְסָנִי adj. NH 1 raptorial, predatory. NH 2 running over, trampling. [Formed from דּוֹרֵס, act. part. of דָּרַס, Qal of דרס (= to tear, rend).]

 

דּוֹרֵשׁ m.n. PBH preacher, expounder. [Subst. use of the act. part. of דָּרַשׁ (= he expounded). See דרשׁ.]

 

דושׁ ᴵ to tread, thresh.

    — Qal - דָּשׁ 1 he trod upon, trampled down; 2 he threshed.

    — Niph. - נָדוֹשׁ, נִדַּשׁ was trodden upon, was trampled down.

    — Hoph. - הוּדַשׁ 1 was threshed; MH 2 was trodden upon, was trampled down.

    — Pi. - דִּיֵּשׁ 1 he trod upon, trampled down; 2 he threshed.

    — Pilpel (see . - דשׁדשׁ ). [JAram.-Syr., Samaritan, Mand. דושׁ (= to tread under foot, trample; to thresh), Tigre dawshasha (= he ground, crushed), Arab. dāsa (= he trod upon, trampled down, threshed), Akka. dāshu (= to tread upon). According to Fraenkel, Arab. dāsa, at least in the sense ‘he threshed’, is an Aram. loan word. cp. דשׁשׁ.] Derivatives: דַּיִשׁ, דַּיָּשׁ, דִּישָׁה, מְדוּשָׁה, מֽדִישָׁה, נָדוֹשׁ, דַּוְשָׁה.

 

דושׁ ᴵᴵ to pedal, treadle.

    — Pi. - דִּוֵּשׁ he pedaled, treadled.

    — Pu. - דֻּוַּשׁ was pedaled, was treadled. [Denominated from דַּוְשָׁה.]

 

דַּוְשָׁה f.n. NH pedal, treadle. [From JAram. דַּוְשָׁא (= treading), from דָּשׁ (= he treaded). See דושׁ ᴵ.] Derivative: דושׁ ᴵᴵ.

 

דּוּשִֽׂיחַ m.n. NH dialogue. [Compounded of דּוּ◌ (= two) and שִׂיחַ (= conversation, talk).]

 

דּוּת f.n. (pl. דּוּתוֹת or דּוּתִיּוֹת) , pit, cistern. [This word prob. derives from חַדּוּת, whose ח was misread for a ה, which was mistaken for the art. and was consequently dropped. For a similar misreading see סְחוּס.]

 

דְּז׳וּנְגְל see ג׳וּנְגְּל.

 

דֶּזִינְפֶקְצְיָה f.n. FW disinfection. [Fren. désinfection, from privative pref. des– (from L. dis- and infection, from Late L. īnfectiō, from L. īnfectus, p. part. of īnficere (= to put into, dip into; to stain, taint, to infect), from in– (= in), and facere (= to make, do). See דִּיס◌ and פַקְט.]

 

דחה to push, thrust.

    — Qal - דָּחָה 1 he pushed, thrust, repelled; PBH 2 he put off; NH 3 he rejected, turned down, cancelled.

    — Nith. - נִדְחָה 1 was thrust, was pushed, was cast down. PBH 2 was put off, was postponed.

    — Pu. - דֹּחָה was pushed, was thrust.

    — Hiph. - הִדְחָה 1 he pushed away; 2 he repressed (psychology).

    — Hoph. - הֻדְחָה was repressed (psychology). [JAram.–Syr. דְּחָא (= he pushed, thrust), Arab. daḥā(y) (= he spread, extended, he threw, drove). Related to דוח, דחח, נדח, prob. also to דחף.] Derivatives: דּוֹחֶה, דָּחוּי, דִּחוּי, דְּחִי, דְּחִיָּה, הַדְחָיָה, מִדְחֶה, מֻדְחֶה, נִדְחֶה, תַּדְחִית.

 

דָּחוּי adj. 1 pushed in (said of a wall). PBH 2 put off, postponed; deferred. MH 3 superseded. [Pass. part. of דָּחָה. See דחה.]

 

דִּחוּי m.n. PBH postponement, delay. [From דחה.]

 

דַּחֲוָן m.n. (pl. דַּחֲוָנוֹת) 1 table. NH 2 a small ornamental table.

 

דָּחוּס adj. PBH compressed, dense, thick. [Pass. part. of דָּחַס. See דחס.] Derivative: דְּחִיסוּת.

 

דָּחוּף adj. 1 hastened, in haste, urged. MH 2 pressed, oppressed. [Pass. part. of דָּחַף. See דחף.] Derivative: דְּחִיפוּת.

 

דָּחוּק adj. PBH 1 needy. MH 2 pressed, distressed. NH 3 crowded. [Pass. part. of דָּחַק. See דחק.]

 

דִּחוּק m.n. PBH 1 pressure, density, crowdedness. [Verbal n. of דִּחֵק, Pi. of דחק.]

 

דחח to push, thrust, banish.

    — Niph. - נִדַּח was pushed, was thrust; was banished. [Related to דחה, דוח, נדח.]

 

דְּחִי m.n. stumbling, downfall. [From דחה.]

 

דְּחִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 pushing, thrusting. MH 2 putting off, postponement. [Verbal n. of דָּחָה. See דחה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דָּחִיל adj. MH terrible. [From Aram. דְּחִיל, pass. part. of דְּחַל (= he feared). See דחל.]

 

דְּחִילָה f.n. MH fear, terror. [Verbal n. of דָּחַל. See דחל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּחִילוּ f.n. MH fear, awe, reverence (in the phrase בִּדְחִילוּ וּרְחִימוּ, ‘with fear and love’). [JAram., from דְּחַל (= he feared).]

 

דָּחִיס adj. NH compressible. [Coined from דָּחַס (= he compressed; see דחס), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capacity or fitness.]

 

דְּחִיסָה f.n. NH compression. [Verbal n. of דָּחַס (= he compressed). See דחס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּחִיסוּת f.n. NH compression, density. [Formed from דָּחוּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דְּחִיף m.n. NH tappet. [From דְּחִיפָה.]

 

דְּחִיפָה f.n. PBH 1 pushing, push. 2 incentive, stimulus. [Verbal n. of דָּחַף. See דחף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּחִיפוּת f.n. NH urgency. [Formed from דָּחוּף with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דְּחִיק m.n. MH a kind of euphonic ‘daghesh’ (Heb. grammar); hiatus. [JAram., lit.: ‘compressed’, from דְּחַק. See דחק.]

 

דְּחִיקָה f.n. MH 1 pressing. 2 pressure. (Verbal n. of דָּחַק. cp. דחק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דחל to fear.

    — Qal - דָּחַל he feared. [Borrowed from BAram. (= JAram.) דְּחַל (= he feared), which is related to Heb. זָחַל (= he feared). See זחל ᴵᴵ and cp. דָּחִיל, דְּחִילָה, דְּחִילוּ, דַּחְלִיל.]

 

דַּחְלִיל m.n. NH scarecrow, bogey, bugbear. [JAram. דַּחְלוּל (= scarecrow), formed from דְּחַל (= he feared), through reduplication of the third radical.] Derivative: דַּחְלִילִי.

 

דַּחְלִילִי adj. like a scarecrow. [Formed from דַּחְלִיל with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֹּֽחַן m.n. millet, Sorghum vulgare (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 4:9). [Related to JAram. דּוֹחִינָא, Syr. דּוּחְנָא, Arab. duḥn, Akka. duḥnu, tuḥnu (= pearl millet), properly ‘the smoke-colored plant’. cp. Arab. duḥna (= smoke color), from daḥan (= smoke, fume).]

 

דחס to press, compress.

    — Qal - דָּחַס MH 1 he pressed; NH 2 he compressed, condensed.

    — Niph. - נִדְחַס was pressed.

    — Pi. - דִּחֵס he pressed, thickened.

    — Hiph. - הִדְחִיס he compressed, condensed.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְחַס was compressed, was condensed. [JAram. דְּחַס (= he pressed, stamped), Arab. daḥasha (= he inserted, thrust in).] Derivatives: דַּחַס, דֹּחַס, דְּחָסָה, דְּחֹסֶת, דָּחוּס, דָּחִיס, דְּחִיסָה, הַדְחָסָה, מַדְחֵס.

 

דַּֽחַס m.n. NH pressure, density. [From דחס.]

 

דֹּֽחַס m.n. NH pressure, density. [From דחס.]

 

דְּחָסָה f.n. PBH pressure, squeezing. [Verbal n. of דָּחַס. See דחס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּחֹֽסֶת f.n. NH pressure, density. [Formed from דחס with suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

דחף to drive, urge, hasten.

    — Qal - דָּחֵף he pushed, drove on (in the Bible occurring only in the pass. part. דָּחוּף).

    — Niph. - נִדחַף 1 was hastened; PBH 2 was driven on. [JAram. דְּחַף (= he pressed, hastened), Akka. da’āpu (= to push, push away, set in motion). Prob. related to base דחה, possibly also to הדף.] Derivatives: דַּחַף, דָּחוּף, דְּחִיף, דְּחִיפָה, מַדְחֵף, מַדְחֵפָה. cp. the first element in דַּחְפּוֹר.

 

דַּֽחַף m.n. NH impulse, urge. [Coined from דחף.]

 

דַּחֲפוֹנִי adj. NH impulsive. [Formed from דַּחַף with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

 

דַּחְפּוֹר m.n. NH bulldozer. [A blend of דָּחַף (= he pushed), and חָפַר (= he dug). See דחף and חפר.]

 

דחק to thrust, press.

    — Qal - דָּחַק 1 he pressed, pushed; PBH 2 he urged.

    — Niph. - נִדְחַק was pressed, was pushed; he pushed himself.

    — Pi. - דִּחֵק he pressed.

    — Pu. - דֻּחַק was pressed.

    — Hiph. 1 . - הִדְחִיק he pressed; 2 NH he repressed (psychology).

    — Hoph. - הֻדְחַק 1 was pressed; repressed (psychology). [JAram.–Syr. דְּחַק (= he pressed; drove), Mand. דחק (= to press, drive), Akka. daḥaqa (= he drove away, removed).] Derivatives: דֹּחַק, דְּחָק, דַּחֲקוּת, דָּחוּק, דִּחוּק, דְּחִיק, דְּחִיקָה, הַדְחָקָה, מֻדְחָק, תִּדְחֹקֶת.

 

דֹּֽחַק m.n. PBH 1 need, distress, poverty. MH 2 pressure. [From דחק.]

 

דְּחָק m.n. PBH 1 need, distress, poverty. NH 2 crowdedness. [From דחק.]

 

דַּחֲקוּת f.n. MH need, distress, poverty. [Formed from דחק with suff. ◌וּת. cp. JAram. דַּחֲקוּתָא.]

 

דָּטוּרָה f.n. FW Datura (a genus of plants). (Modern L. Datura, from Hindu dhatūrā, from Old I. dhattūraḥ, dhustūraḥ (= thorn apple).]

 

דַּטְלֶנֶ״ת abbr. NH the five lingual letters (in Heb. alphabet). [Formed from the initials of the names of the letters דָּלֶת, טֵית, לָמֶד, נוּן, and תָּו.]

 

דֶּטֶקְטוֹר m.n. FW detector. [L. dētector (= uncoverer, revealer), from dētectus, p. part. of dētegere (= to uncover, disclose, reveal, detect), from dē (see דֶּ◌), and tegere (= to cover), which derives from base * (s)teg– (= to cover). See ‘thatch’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of דֶּטֶקְטוֹר see suff. ‘-or’ ibid. cp. פְּרוֹטֶקְצְיָה.]

 

דֶּטֶרְמִינִיזְם m.n. FW determinism. [From Ger. Determinismus, which is prob. a back formation of Praedeterminismus (= predeterminism), from L. prae (= before), and dētermināre (= to bound, limit, prescribe, determine), which is formed from dē (see דֶּדוּקֶצְיָה) and termināre (= to mark off by boundaries, mark, limit, define, terminate), from terminus (= boundary, limit), which is related to termen (= boundary stone), which derives from IE base * ter–, * tr– (= to go through, pass beyond). See טְרַנְס◌ and suff. ◌ִיזְם and cp. ‘term’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דַּי 1 sufficiency. 2 enough, sufficiently. [cp. Phoen. מד (= מִדַּי, ‘as often as’), JAram. כְּדַאי (= worthy), Syr. כַּדּוּ (= enough, already). See כְּדַאי and cp. לְמַדַּי. cp. also שַׁדַּי.] Derivative: דַּיּוּת.

 

דִּי pron. who, which, that; of, about. [JAram. (also BAram.) דִּי (= who, which, that; also mark of the gen). Related to דָּא f. (= this), Arab. dhū (= possessor of), and to Heb. זֶה, זֹאת (= this). cp. דָּא, דִּ◌, דְּ◌. cp. also דִּידִי.

 

דִּי◌ ᴵ FW di– (pref. meaning ‘two, double, twice’, used esp. in chemistry to denote two atoms, molecules, radicals, equivalents, as the case may be). [Gk. di–, from dis (= twice), which stands for * dwis and is related to Old L. dvis (whence L. bis) and cogn. with Old I. dvíḥ, Avestie bish (= twice). See דִּיס◌ and cp. בִּי◌.]

 

דִּי◌ ᴵᴵ see דִּיאַ◌.

 

דִּי◌ ᴵᴵᴵ FW di– (pref. meaning ‘apart, asunder’). [L. di–, form of dis– before b, d, g, l, m, n, r, v. See דִּיס◌.]

 

דִּיאַ◌, דִּיאָ◌ (before a vowel דִּי◌ ᴵᴵ) dia–, di (combining form meaning ‘thorough, thoroughly, entirely, utterly’). [Gk. dia–, from dia (= through, throughout), which prob. stands for disa and was formed (on the analogy of meta, ‘after’) from dis (= twice), hence orig. meant ‘divided in the middle’. See דִּי◌ ᴵ and cp. דִּיס◌.]

 

דִּיאָגוֹנָל m.n. FW diagonal. [L. diagōnālis (= diagonal), from Gk. diagonios (= from angle to angle), from dia (= see דִּיאַ◌) and gonia (= an angle), which is related to gonu (= knee), and cogn. with L. genū (= knee). See ‘knee’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דִּיאַגְנוֹזָה m.n. FW diagnosis. [Medical L. diagnōsis, from Gk. diagnosis (= a distinguishing, discerning, determining, decision; lit.: ‘a knowing thoroughly’), from the stem of diagignoskein (= to distinguish, discern, determine; lit.: ‘to know thoroughly’), from dia (see דִּיאַ◌) and gignoskein (= to learn, know). See גְּנוֹסְטִיקָה.]

 

דִּיאַגְרַמָּה f.n. FW diagram. [Gk. diagramma (= something marked out by lines, a geometrical figure), from diagraphein (= to mark out by lines, draw out), from dia and graphein (= to write). See דִּיאַ◌ and ◌גְּרָף.]

 

דִּיאָדוֹכִים m.n. pl. Diadochi (the successors of Alexander the Great, hence also successors in general). [From Modern L. Diadochī, from Gk. diadochoi, pl. of diadochos (= successor).]

 

דִּיאוֹפְּטְרִיָּה f.n. FW dioptrics. [From Gk. dioptra (name of an optical instrument), which is formed from di– (see דִּיאַ◌) and the stem of optos (= seen; visible), optikos (= pertaining to sight). See אוֹפְּטִי and suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

דִּיאוֹרָמָה f.n. FW diorama. [Formed from Gk. di– (see דִּיאַ◌) and orama (= that which is seen, view, sight), from oran(= to see), which is cogn. with L. verērī (= to observe with awe, revere, respect, fear). See ‘ware’ (= alert) in my CEDEL and cp. פָּנוֹרָמָה.]

 

דִּיאֶטָה f.n. FW diet. (L. diaeta (= mode of living), from Gk. diaita (= the office of an arbiter; mode of living; dwelling, abode), back formation from diaitan (= to maintain, support), which is formed from di– (see דִּיאַ◌), and aisa (= share, lot, destiny), which is cogn. with Avestic aēta– (= share, lot, due). cp. דְּיוֹטָא.]

 

דִּיאָטוֹנִי adj. FW diatonic (music). [Back formation from Gk. diatonikos, from diatonos (= extending; pertaining to the diatonic scale), from diateinein (= to stretch out), which is formed from dia and teinein (= to stretch). See דִּיאַ◌ and טוֹנִי.]

 

דִּיאָלוֹג m.n. FW dialogue. [Gk. dialogos (= conversation, dialogue), from dialegesthai (= to converse). See דִּיאָלֶקְט.]

 

דִּיאָלִיזָה f.n. FW dialysis. [L., from Gk. dialysis (= separation, dissolution), from dialeyin (= to part asunder, break off, dissolve), from dia– (= thorough, thoroughly, entirely, utterly), and lyein (= to make loose, loosen).]

 

דִּיאָלֶקְט m.n. FW dialect. [Gk. dialektos (= talk, discourse, conversation, speech, language; the language of a country, dialect), from dialegesthai (= to converse, talk with, discuss), middle voice of dialegein (= to pick out, choose), from dia (see דִּיאַ◌) and legein (= to pick out, reckon, count, tell, say, speak), which stands in gradational relationship to logos (= word, speech, discourse, account). cp. דִּיאָלֶקְטִיקָה and דִּיאָלוֹג and see דִּיאַ◌ and לוֹגוֹס.]

 

דִּיאָלֶקְטִיקָה f.n. FW dialectics. [Gk. dialektike (techne) (= the art of discussion by question and answer), f. of dialektikos (= skilled in discourse), from dialectos. See דִּיאָלֶקְט.]

 

דִּיאָמֶטֶר m.n. FW diameter. [Gk. diametros (gramme) (lit.: ‘a diametrical line’). See דִּיאַ◌ and מֶטֶר.]

 

דִּיאַפָּזוֹן m.n. FW diapason (music). [L. diapāsōn (= the whole octave), from Gk. diapason, short for diapason chordon symphonia (= concord through all of the notes, the octave), from dia (= through) and pas (= all). See דִּיאַ◌ and פַּן◌.]

 

דִּיאַפְרַגְמָה f.n. FW diaphragm. [Gk. diaphragma (= partition, barrier; muscle which divides the thorax from the abdomen), from diaphragnuai, diaphrassein (= to divide off, barricade), from dia (see דִּיאַ◌) and phragnunai, phrassein (= to enclose, fence, round).]

 

דִּיאַקְרִיטִי adj. FW diacritic(al). [Back formation from Gk. diakritikos, from diakrinein (= to separate one from another), from dia and krinein (= to separate, decide, judge). See דִּיאַ◌ and קְרִיטִי.]

 

דִּיאַתֶּרְמְיָה f.n. FW diathermy. [Medical L. diathermia, coined by Nagelschmidt in 1908 from dia– and Gk. therme (= heat). See דִּיאַ◌ and תֶּרְמִי.]

 

דִּיבִידֶנְד m.n. FW dividend. [From L. dīvidendus (= that which is to be divided), from dī– (= apart) and IE base * widh- (= to separate). See דִּי◌ ᴵ and cp. דִּיבִיזְיָה and דֶּבִיז.]

 

דִּיבִיזְיָה f.n. FW division. [Fren. division, from L. dīvīsiō (= a division, separation), from divīsus, p. part. of dīvidere (= to divide). See דִּיבִידֶנְד and suff. ◌יָה.]

 

דיג to fish.

    — Qal - דָּג he fished (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 16:16 in the form וְדִיגוּם, ‘and they shall fish them’).

    — Pi. - דִּיֵּג he fished; he occupied himself with fishing. [Denominated from דָּג (= fish). cp. דוג.] Derivatives: דַּיָּג, דַּיִּג, דִּיגָה, דִּיּוּג.

 

דַּיָּג m.n. fisherman (in the Bible occurring only Is. 19:8 and Jer. 16:16). [Nomen opificis formed from base דיג, according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. דַּוָּג.]

 

דַּֽיִג m.n. NH fishing. [From דיג.]

 

דִּידִי pron. PBH my, mine (occurring in forms as לְדִידִי, ‘as for me’, ‘according to my opinion’, לְגַבֵּי דִּידִי, ‘as for me’). [Aram., prob. compounded of דִּי (= which, that), and יָד (= hand). See דִּי and יָד.]

 

דִּידַקְטִי adj. FW didactic. (Back formation from Gk. didaktikos (= skilled in teaching), from didaktos (= taught), p. part. of didaskein (= to teach), prob. dissimilated from di-dak-skein and cogn. with L. dīscere, for * didƙ-skere (= to learn), from IE base * deƙ– (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming, good), whence also L. decēre (= to be seemly or fitting). See דּוֹצֵנְט and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּידַקְטִיקָה f.n. FW didactics. [From Gk. didaktikos. See דִּידַקְטִי.]

 

דַּיָּה f.n. a bird of prey, the kite (in the Bible occurring only Deut. 14:13, Is. 34:15). [A collateral form of דָּאָה. cp. JAram.–Syr. דַּיְתָא, Mand. דיתיא (= kite, vulture).]

 

דְּיוֹ f.n. (pl. דְּיוֹאוֹת) ink (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 36:18). [Possibly of Egypt. origin. Related to JAram.–Syr. דּֽיוּתָא (= ink), Mand. dywt’, Arab. dawā (= inkbottle, inkhorn); cp. דּֽיוֹת, דְּיוֹתָה. cp. also the first element in דְּיוֹנוּן. Even-Shoshan takes דְּיוֹ to be of both masculine and feminine gender. This is wrong. דְּיוֹ is solely f.]

 

דִּיוָאן m.n. NH divan (collection of medieval poems). [Arab. dīwān, from Pers. dīwān (= a royal court; a council of state); whence on the one hand ‘a convenient seat, coach’, and on the other ‘a register, an account book; a collection of poems’).]

 

דְּיוּבִיט m.n. PBH (pl. דְּיוּבִיטִין) siphon. [From Gk. diabetes (= siphon; lit.: ‘that which causes a going through’), from dia and betes (= that which goes, moves or flows), from the stem of baino (= I go). See דִּיאַ◌ and בָּסִיס and cp. דְּיוֹפִי.]

 

דִּיּוּג m.n. NH fishing. [Verbal n. of דִּיֵּג (= he fished). See דיג.]

 

דְּיוֹטָא, דְּיוֹטָה f.n. PBH (pl. דְּיוֹטוֹת and דְּיוֹטָאוֹת) floor, story. [From Gk. diaita (= place for living, dwelling). See דִּיאֶטָה.]

 

דְּיוֹמָד m.n. PBH a double pillar. [A hybrid coined from Gk. dyo (= two; see דּוּ◌) and Heb. עַמּוּד (= pillar, column).]

 

דִּיּוּן m.n. MH dealing with a case, consideration, deliberation. [Verbal n. of דִּיֵּן (= he discussed). Pi. of דין.]

 

דְּיוּנָה f.n. FW dune. [Fren. dune, from Med. L. duna, from Dutch dūnen.]

 

דְּיוֹנוּן m.n. NH ink fish, squid. [Compounded of דְּיוֹ (= ink), and Aram. נוּן (= fish); see נוּן.]

 

דְּיוֹפִי m.n. PBH (pl. דְּיוֹפִין) siphon (another version for דְּיוּבִיט). [Folk-etymological alteration of דְּיוּבִיט (= lit.: ‘two mouths’), from Gk. dyo (= two), and Heb. פִּי, properly c. st. of (= פֶּה mouth).]

 

דְּיוֹפַן m.n. NH barrow. [Lit.: ‘two-wheeled (cart)’, a hybrid coined from Gk. dyo; see דּוּ◌) and Heb. אוֹפַן (= wheel).]

 

דִּיּוּק m.n. MH exactness, precision, accuracy. [Verbal n. of דִּיֵּק (= he was exact), Pi. of דיק. cp. JAram. דִּיּוּקָא.]

 

דְּיוֹקָן m. & f.n. (pl. דְּיוֹקָנִים, also דְּיוֹקְנָאוֹת) PBH 1 image, likeness. NH 2 portrait. [Surely connected with Gk. eikon (= likeness; see אִיקוֹנִין), but the ד is of uncertain origin. According to some scholars דְּיוֹקָן is the contraction of דְּיוֹ (= Gk. dyo, ‘two’), and eikon, and properly means ‘a double image’.] Derivatives: דְּיוֹקְנָאוּת, דְּיוֹקְנַאי.

 

דְּיוֹקְנָאוּת f.n. NH portrait painting, portraiture. [Formed from דְּיוֹקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דְּיוֹקְנַאי m.n. NH portraitist. [Formed from דְּיוֹקָן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

דָּיוֹר m.n. PBH dweller, tenant. [From דור.]

 

דִּיּוּר m.n. MH 1 dwelling, housing, accommodation. NH 2 housing, accommodation. [Verbal n. of דִּיֵּר (= he caused to dwell, accommodated), Pi. of דיר.]

 

דַּיּוּת f.n. MH sufficiency. [Formed from דַּי (= sufficient), with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דְּיוֹת f.n. NH (pl. דְּיוֹתוֹת) Indian ink. [Back formation from Aram. דְּיוּתָא (= ink). See דּֽיוֹ.] Derivative: דית ᴵᴵ.

 

דִּיּוּת ᴵ m.n. MH diffusion, osmosis. [Verbal n. of דִּיֵּת. See דית ᴵ.]

 

דִּיּוּת ᴵᴵ m.n. NH inking. [Verbal n. of דִּיֵּת. See דית ᴵᴵ.]

 

דְּיוֹתָה f.n. NH inkpot, inkstand. [From JAram. דְּיוּתָא (= ink). See דְּיוֹ.]

 

דִּיזֶל m.n. FW diesel, diesel engine. [Named after its inventor, the German Rudolf Diesel (1858–1931).]

 

דִּיזֶנְטֶרְיָה f.n. FW dysentery. [Gk. dysenteria (= lit.: ‘bad intestines’). [Coined by the Greek physician Hippocrates from dys (= hard, bad, ill; see דִּיס◌ ᴵᴵ), and entera (= intestines). See ‘enteric’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דִּיכָה f.n. PBH crushing, pounding. [Verbal n. of דָּךְ (= he crushed, pounded). See דוך and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דִּיכוֹטוֹמְיָה f.n. FW dichotomy. [Gk. dichotomia (= dividing in two), comounded of dicha (= in two, asunder, apart from, separately), which is related to dis (= twice; see דִּיס◌ ᴵ) and tomia (= a cutting off), from tome (= a cutting, section).]

 

דַּיָּל m.n. NH waiter, steward (on an airplane). [Nomen opificis coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from JAram. דַּיָּלָא (= attendant, waiter), which derives from Gk. doylos (= slave), a word standing for doelos and derived from Aegean doëro (= slave). Derivative: דַּיָּלוּת.

 

דַּיָּלוּת f.n. NH stewardship. [Formed from דַּיָּל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דֵּילָטוֹר m.n. PBH slanderer, informer. [Late Gk. delator (= accuser, informer, denouncer), from L. dēlātor, from dēlātus. used as p. part. of dēferre (= to bring or carry down, indict, inform against). See ‘delate’ and adj. suff. ‘–ory’ in my CEDEL. cp. דֵּילָטוֹרְיָה.] Derivative: דלטר.

 

דֵּילָטוֹרְיָה f.n. PBH calumny, slander. [Late Gk. delatoria, from delator (see דֵּילָטוֹר).]

 

דִּילֶטַנְט m.n. FW dilettante. [It. dilettante, pres. part. of dilettarsi (= to take delight in), reflexive of dilettare (= to delight), from L. dēlectāre (= to delight, charm, amuse), frequentative of dēlicere (= to entice). See דֶּלִיקָטִי.]

 

דִּילִיזַ׳נְס m.n. FW diligence (public stagecoach). [Fren. diligence, short for earlier carrosse de diligence (= coach of speeds).]

 

דִּילְמָא adv. PBH lest, perhaps. [JAram. (= Syr. דַּלְמָא), compounded of דִּי לְמָא. cp. BAram. דִּילְמָה (= lest), which is equivalent to Heb. אֲשֶׁר לָמָה. cp. also שַׁלָּמָה and see דִּי and לָמָּה.]

 

דִּילֶֽמָּה f.n. FW dilemma. [Gk. dilemma (= a double proposition, dilemma), from di– (see דִּי◌ ᴵ) and lemma (= assumption; lit.: ‘something received, something taken for granted’), which is related to ei-lemman, perf. pass. of lambano (= I take, grasp, seize; I receive), which derives partly from IE base * (s)lag (= to take, seize), and partly from base * labh– (= to take, seize). cp. the second element in אַנְדְרוֹלוֹמוּסְיָה and אֶפִּילֶפְּסְיָה.]

 

דַּיֶֽלֶת f.n. NH waitress; stewardess (on an airplane). [f. of דַּיָּל.]

 

דִּימוֹס m.n. PBH 1 he was freed, was acquitted. NH 2 he resigned (from office). [Prob. from L. dīmissus, p. part. of dīmittere (= to send away, dismiss, release), from dī– (= apart, asunder), and mittere (= to send). See דִּי◌ ᴵᴵᴵ and מִיסְיוֹן.]

 

דין to judge.

    — Qal - דָּן 1 he judged; 2 he pleaded the cause of; 3 he executed judgment; 4 he contended.

    — Niph. - נָדוֹן, נִדּוֹן 1 he contended, quarreled PBH 2 he was judged, was punished.

    — Pi. - דִּיֵּן he discussed, argued.

    — Hith. - הִתְדַּיֵּן he sued. [JAram. (also BAram.) דִּין, Syr. דּוּן, Ugar. dn (= to judge), Ethiop. dayyana (= he judged), Akka. dānu (= to judge), BAram. דִּין, JAram.–Syr. דִּינָא, Arab. dayn, OSArab. dyn, Ethiop. dain, Akka. dēnu, dīnu (= judgment). Arab. dīn (= judgment) is a Heb. or Aram. loan word; Arab. dīn in the sense ‘religion’, is borrowed from Persian. See also JAram. מְדִינְתָּא (= ‘province, region’; whence ‘city’), Syr. מְדִתָּא (= city), whence Arab. madīna (= city), al-Madīna (= Medina), short for madīnatu’l-nabiyy (= city of the prophet).] Derivatives: דִּין ᴵ (n.), דַּיָּן, דַּיְנָן, דִּיּוּן, הִדַּיְנוּת, הִתְדַּיְּנוּת, מָדוֹן, מִדְיָן, מְדָנִים, נִדּוֹן. cp. דִּינָא. cp. also אָדוֹן, and see דּוּן.

 

דִּין ᴵ m.n. 1 judgment. 2 verdict, sentence. 3 lawsuit, cause. 4 law. PBH 5 logical deduction. [From דִּין. cp. שַׁדּוּן.]

 

דִּין ᴵᴵ m.n. FW dyne (physics). [Shortened from Gk. dynamis (= might, power). See דִּינָמִי.]

 

דֵּין m. pron. PBH this. [JAram., related to BAram. דּֽנָה, JAram. דְּנָא, Syr. הָנָא (contraction of הָדְנָא), Phoen. זן, SArab. דֹנ, Ethiop. zentū, zatī (= this). cp. דְּנָה, דְּנַן. cp. Also הָדֵין and זֶה.]

 

דַּיָּן m.n. judge (in the Bible occurring only Sam. I 24:15 and Ps. 68:6). [Nomen opificis formed from דין (= to judge), according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. BAram. דַּיָן, Arab. dayyān, Akka. dayyānu (= judge).] Derivative: דַּיָּנוּת.

 

דִּינָא m.n. PBH judgment; law (occurring in phrases and sentences quoted from the Talmud, as in דִּינָא דְמַלְכוּתָא דִּינָא, ‘the law of the government is law; the law of the State is binding’). [JAram., emphatic state of דִּין. See דִּין ᴵ.]

 

דִּינְגּוֹ m.n. FW ‘dingo’ (native name of the Australian wild dog).

 

דִּינוֹסָאוּרוּס m.n. FW (pl. דִּינוֹסָאוּרִים) , dinosaur. [Modern L. dinosaurus, compounded of Gk. deinos (= fearful), which is related to deido (= I fear), deos (= fearful, terrible, powerful, mighty), deidos (= cowardly), and of sauros (= lizard), which is of uncertain etymology.]

 

דַּיָּנוּת f.n. MH the office of a ‘dayyan’. [Formed from דַּיְָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דִּינָמוֹ m.n. FW (pl. דִּינָמוֹאוֹת) dynamo. [From Gk. dynamis (= power). See דִּינָמִי.]

 

דִּינָמִי adj. FW dynamic. [Back formation from Gk. dynamikos (= powerful), from dynamis (= might, power), which is related to dynamai (= I am able, I am worth), dynatos (= strong, able). Of uncertain origin. cp. דִּין ᴵᴵ. cp. also דִּינָמוֹ, דִּינָמִיט, דִּינָמִיקָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: דִּינָמִיּוּת.

 

דִּינָמִיּוּת fn. FW dynamism. [Formed from דִּינָמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דִּינָמִיט m.n. FW dynamite. [The name dynamite was given by the Swedish chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833–96) to the explosive invented by him. The word dynamite is formed from Gk. dynamis (= power) and Gk. suff. – ites. See דִּינָמִי and suff. ◌ִיט.]

 

דִּינָמִיקָה f.n. FW dynamics. [From Gk. dynamikos (= powerful). See דִּינָמִי.]

 

דַּיְּנָן m.n. PBH a quarrelsome person. [Formed from דִּיֵּן (= he discussed, argued), Pi. of דָּן (= he judged). See דין.]

 

דִּינָר m.n. PBH denarius. [L. dēnārius, short for dēnārius nummus (= the coin containing ten), from dēnārius (= containing ten), and nummus (= coin). Dēnārius derives from dēnī (= ten each), which stands for * dec-noi, from decem (= ten). The denarius was so called because it originally contained ten asses. L. decem derives from IE base * géƙm–, * deƙmt(i) (= ten). cp. ‘ten’ in my CEDEL. cp. also דֶּקָדָה, דֶּקָן, דֶּצֶמְבֶּר and the first element in דֶּקָגְרַם, דֶּקָלִיטֶר, דֶּקָמֶטֶר and in דֶּצִיגְרַם, דֶּצִילִיטֶר, דֶּצִימֶטֶר.]

 

דַּֽיִס m.n. NH grout (in a building). [Back formation from דַּיְסָה.]

 

דִּיס◌ ᴵ FW dis– (pref. of Latin origin denoting separation; removal, negation, deprivation, undoing, reversal. [L. dis– (= apart, asunder; away from; utterly, completely; un– in the privative sense), from IE * dis– (= apart, asunder). See דִּי◌ ᴵᴵᴵ and cp. בִּ◌.]

 

דִּיס◌ ᴵᴵ FW dys– (pejorative pref., used esp. in the senses ‘hard to, difficult at, slow of’, the opposite of the pref. en–). [Gk. dys– (= hard, bad, ill).]

 

דַּיְסָא f.n. PBH (also דַּיְסָה in NH) porridge, gruel. [JAram. דַּיְסָא (= Syr. דְּיָסָא), of uncertain etymology.] Derivative: דַּיִס.

 

דִּיסּוֹנַנְס m.n. FW dissonance. [Fren. dissonance, from Late L. dissonantia (= dissonance), from dissonāns, pres. part. of dissonāre (= to disagree in sound; to disagree, differ), from dis– and sonāre (= to sound). See דִּיס◌ ᴵ and סוֹנֶטָּה.]

 

דִּיסְטַנְץ m.n. FW distance. [Ger. Distanz, from L. distantia (= distance, remoteness), from distāns, pres. part. of distāre (= to stand apart, be remote, separate or distant), from di– (= apart), and stāre (= to stand). See דִּי◌ ᴵᴵᴵ and סְטָטִי.]

 

דִּיסִּימִילַצְיָה f.n. FW dissimilation. [From L. dissimilis (= unlike, different), from dis– (see דִּיס◌ ᴵ) and similis (= like, resembling, similar). See ‘similar’ in my CEDEL and cp. אַסִּימִילַצְיָה.]

 

דִּיסְקוֹטֶק m.n. FW discothèque. [Fren., formed from disc (= disk, record) and Gk. theke (= a case).]

 

דִּיסְקוֹנְטוֹ m.n. FW discount. [It. disconto, from Med. L. discomputus, from L. dis– (see דִּיס◌ ᴵ) and computāre (= to count), from com- (see קוֹמְ◌) and putāre (= to think). See קוֹנְטוֹ.]

 

דִּיסְקוּס see דִּסְקוּס.

 

דִּיסְקִיפְּלִינָה f.n. FW discipline. [L. disciplina (= instruction, teaching, learning, knowledge), from discipulus (= pupil, disciple), from dis–cipere (= to seize mentally), from dis– and capere (= to catch, seize, take hold of, take, receive). See דִּיס◌ ᴵ and קֻפְסָה.]

 

דִּיסְקַנְט m.n. FW descant (music). [Old North Fren. descant, descaunt (corresponding to Old Fren. deschant, Fren. déchant), from Med. L. discantus, from dis– and cantus (= song, melody). See דִּיס◌ ᴵ and קַנְטָטָה.]

 

דִּיסְקְרֶטִי adj. FW discreet. [Fren. discret, from L. discrētus, p. part. of discernere (= to separate, set apart, divide, distribute; to distinguish, perceive, discern, understand, decide, judge), from dis– (see דִּיס◌) and cernere (= to separate, sift, distinguish, discern, understand, decide). For the ending of דִּיסְקְרֶטִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּיסֶּרְטַצְיָה f.n. FW dissertation, thesis. [L. dissertātiō, from dissertātus, p. part. of dissertāre (= to discuss, argue, debate), frequentative of disserere (= to examine, argue, discuss, discourse on), from dis- and serere (= to join, bind together, connect). See דִּיס◌ ᴵ and סֶרְיָה. For the ending of דִּיסֶּרְטַצְיָה see suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

 

דִּיעֲבַד see בְּדִיעֲבַד.

 

דִּיפְּלוֹמָה f.n. FW diploma. [L. diplōma, from Gk. diploma (= anything double, folded paper, license), from diploun (= to bend double, to double), from diploos (= twofold, double), formed from di- (= two, double; see pref. דִּי◌ ᴵ) and * pl-, zero degree of base * pel- (= to fall, to fold).] Derivative: דפלם.

 

דִּיפְּלוֹמָט m.n. FW diplomat(e). [Fren. diplomate, back formation from diplomatique (= diplomatic), from Modern L. diplōmatics, from L. diplōma. See דִּיפְּלוֹמָה.]

 

דִּיפְּלוֹמָטִי adj. FW diplomatic. [Modern L. diplōmatics, from L. diplōma. See דִּיפְּלוֹמָט and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּיפֶרֶנְצְיָאל m.n. FW differential (mathematics). [Med. L. differentiālis (= differential), from L. differentia (= diversity, difference), from differēns (= different), pres. part. of differre (= to carry away, scatter, disperse, protract, delay, differ), from dis- and ferre (= to bear, carry), See דִּיס◌ ᴵ and אֲנָפוֹרָה.] Derivative: דִּיפֶרֶנְצְיָאלִי.

 

דִּיפֶרֶנְצְיָאלִי adj. differential. [Formed from דִּיפֶרֶנְצְיָאל with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּיפְתּוֹנְג m.n. FW diphthong. [Fren. diphthongue, from Late L. diphthongus, from Gk. diphthoggos (= having two sounds), from di- (= two, double; see דִּיס◌ ᴵ) and phthoggos (= sound, voice, vowel), which is related to phthegma (= sound, voice, speech), phtheggesthai (= to speak loud, praise, sing).]

 

דִּיפְתֶּרְיָה f.n. FW diphtheria. [Medical L. diphtheria, from Fren. dipthérie, coined by the French physician Pierre Bretonneau (1778–1862) from Gk. diphthera (= prepared hide, leather, membrane), which is of uncertain origin. The disease was so called by Bretonneau because it is characterized by the formation of a false membrane.]

 

דִּיץ m.n. MH joy. [Back formation from דִּיצָה.]

 

דִּיצָה f.n. PBH joy. [Verbal n. of דָּץ (= he jumped, leapt, danced; he rejoiced). See דוץ and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. JAram.-Syr. דִּיצָא, Aram. דִּיצְתָּא (= dancing, rejoicing).]

 

דָּיֵק m.n. bulwark, siege wall. [Related to Syr. דּוֹקָא (= lookouts, watchtowers), Akka. dāyiqu (= bulwark, siege wall).]

 

דיק to be exact, be precise.

    — Pi. - דִּיֵּק 1 he was exact; NH 2 he did something.

    — Pu. - דֻּיַּק was done exactly. [From JAram. דַּיֵּק (= he calculated exactly), Pa‘el of דּוּק (= to be exact). See דוק.] Derivatives: דִּיּוּק, דַּיּֽקָן, מְדֻיָּק.

 

דִּיקְטָטוֹר m.n. FW dictator. [L. dictātor, from dictātus, p. part. of dictāre (= to say often, pronounce repeatedly, dictate for writing), frequentative of dīcere (= to say, tell, mention, relate, affirm); orig. ‘to show’), related to dicāre (= to proclaim, dedicate, consecrate, devote), from IE base * deiƙ–, *diƙ–, (= to show, point out), whence also L. digitus (= finger; lit.: ‘pointer’), the second element in L. jū-dex (= judge; lit.: ‘he who shows or teaches justice’), in-dex (= forefinger, index; lit.: ‘pointer’). cp. דִּקְצְיָה. cp. also דֻּגְמָא, דֻּגְמָה and the second element in סִינְדִּיקָט, פּוֹלִיסָה, תֵּיאוֹדִיצְיָה. For the ending of דִּיקְטָטוֹר see suff. ‘–ator’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דִּיקְטָטוּרָה f.n. dictatorship, autocracy. [L. dictātūra (= dictatorship), from dictātus, p. part. of dictāre. See דִּיקְטָטוֹר.]

 

דִּיקְטָפוֹן m.n. FW dictaphone. [A hybrid coined from L. dictāre (= to dictate), and Gk. phone (= sound, voice). See דִּיקְטָטוֹר and פוֹנֶטִי.]

 

דַּיְּקָן m.n. MH an exact, punctual, accurate or meticulous person. [Formed from דִּיֵּק (= he was exact), Pi. of דיק with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: דַּיְּקָנוּת, דַּיְקָנִי.

 

דַּיְּקָנוּת f.n. MH punctuality, actuality, meticulousness. [Formed from דַּיּֽקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּיְּקָנִי adj. NH exact, punctual, accurate. [Formed from דַּיְּקָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּיקְצְיָה f.n. FW diction. [L. dictiō (= a saying, speech, diction), from dictus, p. part. of dīcere (= to say, tell, mention, relate, affirm). See דִּיקְטָטוֹר and suff. ◌יָה.]

 

דִּיר m.n. PBH shed, fold, pen. [From דור.] Derivative: דיר.

 

דַּיָּר m.n. PBH tenant, lodger. [From דור.] Derivative: דַּיָּרוּת.

 

דיר to make sheds.

    — Pi. - דִּיֵּר he made sheds (in the field).

    — Nith. - נִדַּיֵּר sheds were made (in the field). [Denominated from דִּיר.]

 

דִּירָה f.n. PBH dwelling, lodging, home. [Verbal n. of דּוּר (= to dwell). See דור and first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: דִּירֹנֶת.

 

דַּיָּרוּת f.n. NH tenancy. [Formed from דַּיָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דִּירִיזַ׳בְּל m.n. FW dirigible. [Fren. dirigeable, subst. use of the adj. dirigeable (= dirigible), from diriger (= to direct), from L. dirigere. See דִּירֶקְטוֹר. For the ending of דִּירִיזַ׳בְּל see suff. ‘–able’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דִּירֹנֶת f.n. NH a flatlet. [Formed from דִּירָה with dimin. suff. ◌ֹנֶת.]

 

דִּירֶקְטוֹר m.n. FW director. [Late L. dīrēctor, from dīrēctus, p. part. of dīrigere (= to put into a straight line, set in order, draw up, aim, direct, guide), from di– (= apart), and regere (= to keep straight, direct). See רֶקְטוֹר and cp. דִּירִיזַ׳בְּל. cp. also דִּירֶקְטִיבָה.]

 

דִּירֶקְטִיבָה f.n. FW directive. [Fren. directive, subst. use of the adj. directive, f. of directif, from Med. L. dīrēctīvus, from L. dīrēctus. See דִּירֶקְטוֹר.]

 

דַּיָּשׁ m.n. NH thresher (of corn). [Nomen opificis formed from דִּיֵּשׁ (= he threshed). Pi. of דושׁ, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

דַּֽיִשׁ m.n. 1 threshing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 26:5). PBH 2 the threshed wheat. NH 3 treading. [From דושׁ. cp. JAram. דְּיָשָׁא (= threshing).]

 

דִּישָׁה f.n. PBH 1 threshing. 2 (euphemistically) cohabitation. [Verbal n. of דּוּשׁ. See דושׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דִּישׁוֹן m.n. antelope, addax (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 14:5). [cp. Akka. dashshu (= buck of the gazelle).]

 

דית ᴵ to sweat, to exude.

    — Pi. - דִּיֵּת he diffused, exuded.

    — Hith. - הִתְדַּיֵּת was diffused, was exuded. [Borrowed from JAram. דַּיֵּת (= he sweated, exuded), which is prob. denominated from דֵּיעְתָּא, var. זֵיעְתָּא (= sweat, perspiration), through the elision of the ע, which is related to זֵעָה (of s.m.).] Derivatives: דִּיּוּת ᴵ, דַּיִת ᴵ.

 

דית ᴵᴵ to ink.

    — Pi. - דִּיֵּת he inked, inked in.

    — Pu. - דֻּיַּת was inked, was inked in.

    — Nith. - נִתְדַּיֵּת (of s.m.). [Back formation from דְּיוֹת (= Indian ink).] Derivatives: דִּיּוּת ᴵᴵ, דַּיִּת ᴵᴵ, דַּיָּת.

 

דַּֽיִת ᴵ m.n. MH osmosis. [Denominated from דִּיֵּת. See דית ᴵ.]

 

דַּֽיִת ᴵᴵ m.n. NH inking, inking in. [Denominated from דִּיֵּת. See דית ᴵᴵ.]

 

דַּיָּת m.n. NH inker, draftsman working in ink. [Nomen opificis formed from דִּיֵּת (= he inked), Pi. of דית ᴵᴵ.]

 

דַּיָּתוּת f.n. MH diffusibility, capability of osmosis. [Formed from דִּיֵּת (= he diffused; see דית ᴵ), with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דִּיָּתֵיקִי f.n. PBH last will, testament. [Borrowed from Gk. diatheke (= covenant, last will, testament; lit.: ‘disposition by testament’), from diatithenai (= to place separately, arrange; to dispose), from dia (= through), and tithenai (= to put, place). See דִּיאַ◌ and תִּיק and cp. אַפּוֹתֵיקֵי.]

 

דֵּךְ adj. crushed, oppressed. [From דכך.]

 

דכא to crush; to be crushed.

    — Niph. - נִדֽכָּא (see נִדְכָּא).

    — Pi. - דִּכָּא he crushed, oppressed, depressed.

    — Pu. - דֻּכָּא was crushed, was oppressed, was depressed.

    — Hith. - הִדַּכָּא (of s.m.). [Related to the bases דכה, דכך, דוך.] Derivatives: דַּכָּא, דִּכּוּא, דִּכָּאוֹן, דַּכְאוּת, מְדַכֵּא, מְדֻכָּא, נִדְכָּא.

 

דַּכָּא 1 crushed, oppressed, contrite. 2 something crushed, dust. [From דכא.]

 

דִּכָּאוֹן m.n. NH depression. [Formed from דִּכָּא (= he crushed; see דכא), with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

 

דַּכְאוּת f.n. MH depression, dejection. [Formed from דכא with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דִּכְדּוּךְ m.n. PBH dejection, depression. [Verbal n. of דִּכְדֵּךְ; see דכדך.]

 

דכדך to crush, oppress, depress.

    — Pilp. - דִּכְדֵּךְ he crushed, oppressed, depressed.

    — Pulp. - דֻּכְדַּךְ was crushed, was oppressed, was depressed.

    — Hithpalp. - הִתְדַּכְדֵּךְ was depressed. [Pilpel of דכך. For other Pilpel verbs formed from ע״ע verbs cp. בזבז and words there referred to.] Derivatives: דִּכְדּוּךְ, מֽדֻכְדָּךְ.

 

דכה to crush, break, depress.

    — Qal - דָּכָה was crushed, was broken, was depressed.

    — Niph. - נִדְכָּה was crushed, was broken, was depressed.

    — Pi. - דִּכָּה he crushed, oppressed, suppressed, depressed.

    — Pu. - דֻּכָּה was crushed, was oppressed, was suppressed, was depressed. [Related to and identical in meaning with base דכא.] Derivatives: דִּכּוּי, דֳּכִי, נִדְכֶּה.

 

דַּכָּה f.n. crushing, bruising (in the Bible occurring Deut. 23:2 in the phrase פְּצוּעַ דַּכָּה, ‘one wounded by crushing of the testicles’). [From דכך.]

 

דִּכּוּא m.n. NH depression. [Verbal n. of דִּכָּא, Pi. of דכא.]

 

דִּכּוּי m.n. MH suppression, depression. [Verbal n. of דִּכָּה, Pi. of דכה.]

 

דָּכוֹן m.n. PBH a small fireside table. [Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars it is a loan word from Gk. docheion (= receptacle), which is related to dekesthai (= to take, receive), and derives from IE base *deƙ–, * doƙ– (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming, good), whence also L. decēre. (= to be seemly or fitting) According to others, דָּכוֹן is a var. of דּוּכָן (= stand, platform).]

 

דֳּכִי m.n. crushing waves, surging waves (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 93:3 in the form דָּכְיָם). [From דכה.]

 

דכך to crush, bruise, oppress, depress.

    — Niph. - נִדַּךְ was crushed, was bruised.

    — Pi. - דִּכֵּךְ he crushed, oppressed, depressed.

    — Pu. - דֻּכַּךְ was crushed, was oppressed, was depressed. [Related to bases דכא, דכה, דוך.] Derivatives: דַּכָּה, מְדֻכָּךְ.

 

דֻּכָּס m.n. PBH 1 leader, ruler. MH 2 duke. [L. dux (= leader, conductor, guide, chief, commander, ruler), from dūcere (= to lead, conduct, guide, draw), from IE base * douk–, * deuk– (= to pull, draw). cp. דֶּדוּקְצְיָה and the second element in וְיָאדוּקְט, אַקְוֶדוּקְט, פְּרוֹדוּקְטִיבִי.] Derivative: דֻּכָּסוּת.

 

דֻּכָּסוּת f.n. MH 1 the territory ruled by a duke, duchy. NH 2 the title or rank of a duke, dukedom. [Formed from דֻּכָּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּל ᴵ adj. 1 poor. 2 thin, lean. 3 low, weak, powerless. [From דלל. cp. Ugar. dl (= poor). cp. also first element in זַלְדְּקָן.] Derivative: דַּלּוּת.

 

דַּל ᴵᴵ m.n. door (used in the phrase דַּל שְׂפָתָי, ‘the door of my lips’, Ps. 141:3). [A collateral form of דֶּלֶת.]

 

דַּל ᴵᴵᴵ tr. v. PBH deduct! [Imper. of דָּלַל. See דלל ᴵ.]

 

דַּלַּאי m.n. PBH water drawer. [Nomen opificis formed from דִּלָּה (= he drew water), Pi. of דלה, on the analogy of בַּנַּאי, ‘builder’. cp. Aram. דְּלָאָה (= water drawer).]

 

דֹּֽלֶב m.n. NH plane tree. [From JAram.-Syr. דּוּלְבָא, which is prob. of Akka. origin.]

 

דלג to leap, jump.

    — Qal - דָּלַג 1 he leaped, jumped, skipped (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zeph. 1:9 in the part.); PBH 2 he skipped over, omitted.

    — Pi. - דִּלֵּג 1 he leapt, jumped; PBH 2 he skipped over, omitted. [JAram. דְּלַג (= he leapt, jumped). Prob. related to base דרג.] Derivatives: דּוֹלְגָנִי, דַּלְגִּית, דַּלְּגָן, דִּלּוּג, דְּלִיגָה.

 

דֶּלֶגָט m.n. FW delegate. [L. dēlēgatus, p. part. of dēlēgāre (= to send, assign, delegate, transfer), from dē (see דֶּדוּקְצְיָה), and lēgāre (= to send with a commission, appoint as a deputy). See לֶגָט and cp. דֶּלֶגַצְיָה.]

 

דַּלְגִּית f.n. NH skipping rope. [Formed from דלג with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דַּלְּגָן m.n. NH jumper. [Formed from דִּלֵּג, Pi. of דָּלַג (see דלג) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

דֶּלֶגַצְיָה f.n. FW delegation. [L. dēlēgātiō (= assignment, delegation), from dēlēgātus. See דֶּלֶגָט and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

 

דִּלְדּוּל ᴵ m.n. MH impoverishment, poverty; decline. [Verbal n. of דִּלְדֵּל. See דלדל ᴵ.]

 

דִּלְדּוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH dangling part of a limb. [Verbal n. of דִּלְדֵּל. See דלדל ᴵᴵ and cp. תִּלְתּוּל ᴵ.]

 

דלדל ᴵ to weaken, loosen, impoverish.

    — Pilp. - דִּלְדֵּל weakened, loosened, impoverished.

    — Pulp. - דֻּלְדַּל was weakened, was impoverished.

    — Nith. - נִדַּלְדֵּל, נִתֽדַּלְדֵּל was made loose, was impoverished. [Pilpel of דלל ᴵ. For other forms derived from ע״ע stems cp. בזבז and words there referred to.] Derivatives: דִּלְדּוּל ᴵ, הִדַּלְדְּלוּת, הִתְדַּלְדְּלוּת, מְדֻלְדָּל ᴵ.

 

דלדל ᴵᴵ to hang down, dangle.

    — Pilp. - דִּלְדֵּל he caused to hang down, moved.

    — Pulp. - דֻּלְדֵּל was hanging down.

    — Nith. - נִדַּלְדֵּל (of s.m.). [Pilpel of דלל ᴵᴵ. cp. Arab. tadaldala (= he hung down, dangled), qaum duldul (= people in suspense). For the formation of דלדל ᴵᴵ see דלדל ᴵ.] Derivatives: דִּלְדּוּל ᴵᴵ, מְדֻלְדָּל ᴵᴵ.

 

דלה to draw (water).

    — Qal - דָּלָה he drew (water).

    — Niph. - נִדְלָה was drawn (said of water).

    — Pi. - דִּלָּה he drew up, raised.

    — Hiph. - הִדְלָה 1 he drew (water); 2 he trailed (branches of vine), trellised.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְלָה PBH 1 was trailed; PBH 2 was pulled out, was raised. [JAram.–Syr. דְּלָא (= he drew water), Arab. dalā (= he lowered, let down), Ethiop. dalawa (= he weighed), Akka. dalū (= to lower, let down). Base of דְּלִי.] Derivatives: דַּלַּאי, דָּלִיָּה, דְּלִיָּה, דִּלָּיוֹן, דָּלִיּוּת, דָּלוּי, דִּלּוּי, הַדְלָיָה, מַדְלֶה, מֻדְלֶה. cp. דֶּלֶת.

 

דַּלָּה ᴵ f.n. the poor (occurring in the phrases דַּלַּת־הָאָרֶץ, Jer. 40:7, ‘the poor of the land’, דַּלּוֹת־הָעָם, Jer. 52:15, ‘the poor of the people’, דַּלַּת עַם־הָאָרֶץ, Kin. II 24:14). [Formed from דלל ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דַּלָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. 1 thrum (i.e. warp threads hanging in the loom). 2 hair. [Formed from דלל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דִּלּוּג m.n. PBH 1 leap, jump. MH 2 skipping over, omission. [Verbal n. of דִּלֵּג, Pi. of דלג.]

 

דָּלֽוּחַ adj. MH dirty, foul, muddy, turbid. [Pass. part. of דָּלַח. See דלח.] Derivative: דִּלִיחוּת.

 

דִּלּֽוּחַ m.n. NH making foul, befouling. [Verbal n. of דִּלַּח, Pi. of דלח.]

 

דָּלוּי adj. NH 1 drawn (said esp. of water). 2 raised. [Pass. part. of דָּלָה. See דלה.]

 

דִּלּוּי m.n. MH 1 drawing (of water). 2 raising, lifting. [Verbal n. of דִּלָּה (= he drew up), Pi. of דלה.]

 

דָּלוּל adj. MH 1 poor. NH 2 thin, sparse. [Pass. part. of דָּלַל; see דלל ᴵ.]

 

דִּלּוּל m.n. NH thinning. [Verbal n. of דִּלֵּל (= he thinned out), Pi. of דלל ᴵ.]

 

דְּלוֹסְקָמָא f.n. PBH 1 stone coffin, sarcophagus. 2 box, chest. [A var. of גְּלוֹסְקָמָא (q.v.).]

 

דָּלֽוּעַ see דְּלַעַת.

 

דִּלּוּעִיִּים, דְּלוּעִיִּים m.n. pl. NH Cucurbitaceae (botany). [Formed from דָּלוּעַ, a secondary form of דְּלַעַת (= gourd, pumpkin), with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דָּלוּף adj. NH dripping, leaking. [Pass. part. of דָּלַף. See דלף.]

 

דִּלּוּף m.n. MH dripping, leaking. [Verbal n. of דִּלֵּף, Pi. of דלף.]

 

דָּלוּק ᴵ adj. PBH alight, burning. [Pass. part. of דָּלַק (= it burned). See דלק ᴵ.]

 

דָּלוּק ᴵᴵ adj. MH chased, pursued. [Pass. part. of דָּלַק (= he chased, pursued). See דלק ᴵᴵ.]

 

דַּלּוּת f.n. PBH poverty. [Formed from דַּל ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דלח to stir, to trouble.

    — Qal - דָּלַח he stirred up, troubled.

    — Niph. - נִדְלַח became foul, became filthy, became muddy.

    — Hiph. - הִדְלִיחַ he made filthy, befouled, made muddy.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְלַח was made filthy, was befouled, was made muddy. [JAram.–Syr. דְּלַח (= he troubled, disturbed), Akka. dalāḥu (= to disturb), Arab. dhullāḥ (= milk mixed with water). Barth compares Arab. ṭalaḥa (= he contaminated).] Derivatives: דֶּלַח, דַּלַּחַת, דָּלוּחַ, דִּלּוּחַ, דְּלִיחוּת, הַדְלָחָה, מִדְלָח.

 

דֶּֽלַח m.n. NH foulness, filth, muddiness. [Denominated from דָּלַח. See דלח.]

 

דַּלַּֽחַת f.n. NH filthy liquid, sewer. [Formed from דלח with suff. ◌ַת.]

 

דַּלְטוֹנִיזְם m.n. FW Daltonism, color blindness. [Named after the English chemist and physicist John Dalton (1766–1844), who first described it in 1794. For the ending see suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

 

דִּלְטוּר m.n. NH slandering. [Verbal n. of דִּלְטֵר. See דלטר.]

 

דלטר to slander, inform on.

    — Pi. - דִּלְטֵר he slandered, informed on. [Back formation from דֵּילָטוֹר (= slanderer, informer).] Derivative: דִּלְטוּר.

 

דְּלִי m.n. (pl. דְּלָיִים, dual דְּלָיַיִם) 1 bucket. PBH 2 Aquarius (astronomy). [Derived from דלה (q.v.), whence also Arab. dalw, Akka. dalū, dūlu (= bucket). Syr. דַּוְלָא (= bucket) is prob. an Akka. loan word.]

 

דְּלִיגָה f.n. MH 1 jumping, leaping. NH 2 skipping, omission. [Verbal n. of דָּלַג; see דלג and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דָּלִיָּה f.n. branch, bough (in the Bible occurring only in the suff. pl. דָּלִיּוֹתָיו, ‘its branches’). [From דלה, cp. Syr. דָּלִיתָא. Arab. dāliya (= trellis, espalier; varix, varicose vein), is prob. an Aram. or Heb. loan word. cp. דָּלִית. cp. also דָּלִיּוּת.]

 

דְּלִיָּה f.n. PBH drawing (water). [Verbal n. of דָּלָה (= he drew water). See דלה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דִּלָּיוֹן m.n. MH drawing (water). [Formed from דִּלָּה (= he drew up), Pi. of דלה, with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

 

דָּלִיּוּת f.n. MH varicosis (disease). [A loan word from Arab. dāliya (= varix, varicose vein). See דָּלִיָּה.]

 

דְּלִיחָה f.n. MH befouling, pollution. [Verbal n. of דָּלַח. See דלח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּלִיחוּת f.n. NH foulness, pollution. [Formed from דָּלוּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דָּלִיל adj. NH thin, sparse. [From דלל ᴵ.] Derivative: דְּלִילוּת.

 

דְּלִיל f.n. PBH thread, cord. [From דלל ᴵᴵ.]

 

דְּלִילוּת f.n. NH thinness, sparseness. [Formed from דָּלִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דָלַי־לָמָא f.n. FW Dalai Lama. [Lit.: ‘the Ocean Lama’, from Mongolian dalai (= ocean), and Tibetan blama, lama (= lama). See ‘Lama’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דְּלִיפָה f.n. MH dripping, leaking. [Verbal n. of דָּלַף. See דלף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דָּלִיק adj. NH inflammable. [Coined from דָּלַק (= it burned; see דלק ᴵ) according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: דְּלִיקוּת.

 

דְּלִיקָה ᴵ f.n. MH burning. [Verbal n. of דָּלַק (= it burned). See דלק ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּלִיקָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH pursuit. [Verbal n. of דָּלַק (= he pursued). See דלק ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּלִיקוּת f.n. NH inflammability. [Formed from דָּלִיק (= inflammable), with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דֶּלִיקָטִי adj. FW delicate. [Formed with adj. suff. ◌ִי from Fren. délicat (= delicate), from L. dēlicātus (= delightful, charming, voluptuous), p. part. of dēlicāre, which is related to dēlicere (= to allure, entice, delight), from dē– (see דֶּדוּקְצְיָה) and lacere (= to entice), which is related to laqueus (= noose, snare). See ‘lace’ (n.) in my CEDEL and cp. דִּילֶטַנְט.]

 

דָּלִית f.n. PBH branch, bough. [A collateral form of דָּלִיָּה.]

 

דלל ᴵ to become poor, become weak, become thin.

    — Qal - דָּלַל 1 he became poor; 2 was low, weak.

    — Niph. - נִדְלַל was brought low.

    — Pi. - דִּלֵּל he thinned out, diluted.

    — Pu. - דֻּלַּל was thinned out, was diluted.

    — Hiph. - הֵדֵל he thinned out (plants).

    — Hiph. - הִדְלִיל intr. v. became thin, became sparse.

    — Hoph. - הוּדַל (of s.m.).

    — Pilp. (see . - דלדל ᴵ). [JAram. דְּלַל (= was poor), Syr. דַּלִּילָא (= few), דְּלִילָא (= easy), Akka. dalālu (= to be humble), dallu (= weak, poor).] Derivatives: דַּל ᴵ, דַּלָּה ᴵ, דָּלוּל, דִּלּוּל, דָּלִיל, הֲדַלָּה, הַדְלָלָה.

 

דלל ᴵᴵ to hang down loosely.

    — Qal - דַּל it hung down, dangled.

    — Pilp. (see . - דלדל ᴵᴵ). cp. זלל ᴵᴵ. [Ethiop. dalūl (= dangling curls).] Derivatives: דַּלָּה ᴵᴵ, דְּלִיל.

 

דִּלְמָא see דִּילְמָא.

 

דִּלְעֵיל adv. NH foregoing, preceding, above-mentioned. [Compounded of Aram. עֵיל (= height), pref. לְ◌ and pref. דִּ◌.]

 

דְּלַֽעַת f.n. PBH (also דָּלוּעַ, m.n., in MH) gourd, pumpkin. [Of uncertain etymology). Derivative: מִדְלָעָה. cp. דִּלּוּעִיִים.

 

דלף to drop, drip, leak.

    — Qal - דָּלַף it dropped, dripped, leaked.

    — Pi. - דִּלֵּף he caused to drop, caused to drip.

    — Hiph. - הִדֽלִיף he caused to drop, caused to drip, leaked.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְלַף was made to drop, was made to drip, was leaked. [JAram.–Syr. דְּלַף (= it dripped), VArab. dalafa (= it dripped), dalf (= leakage in a roof). Related to base זלף.] Derivatives: דֶּלֶף, דְּלִיפָה, הַדְלָפָה.

 

דֶּֽלֶף m.n. dripping, leakage in a roof. [From דלף.] Derivative: דִלְפָּה.

 

דִּלְפָּה f.n. PBH gutter. [See דֶּלֶף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דַּלְפוֹן m.n. NH pauper, very poor. [From the PN Dalphon, the second son of Haman (Est. 9:7), and because of the meaning of the first syllable דַּל (= poor).]

 

דֶּלְפֵּק m.n. PBH 1 small tripod, small table. NH 2 counter. [Perhaps of Gk. Delphike (= a table from Delphi).] Derivative: דֶּלְפְּקָן.

 

דֶּלְפְּקָן m.n. NH counterman. [Formed from דֶּלְפֵּק with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

דלק ᴵ to burn.

    — Qal - דָּלַק it burned.

    — Niph. - נִדְלַק was lit, kindled, was ignited, burned.

    — Hoph. - הִדְלִיק he lit, he kindled, ignited.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְלַק was lit, was ignited.

    — Tiph‘el (see . - תדלק ). [Aram., also BAram. and Syr. דְּלַק (= it burned), Mand. דלק (= to kindle), Arab. dhaliqa (= was sharp).] Derivatives: דָּלוּק ᴵ, דָּלִיק, דְּלִיקָה, הַדְלָקָה, דָּלֵק, דֶּלֶק, דְּלֵיקָה, דַּלֶּקֶת, הִדָּלְקוּת.

 

דלק ᴵᴵ to chase, pursue.

    — Qal - דָּלַק he chased, pursued. [Arab. dalaqa (= he advanced, proceeded).] Derivatives: דָּלוּק ᴵᴵ, דְּלִיקָה ᴵᴵ.

 

דָּלֵק adj. PBH burning. [Properly act. part. of דָּלַק (= it burned). See דלק ᴵ.]

 

דֶּֽלֶק m.n. PBH fuel. [From דלק ᴵ.]

 

דְּלֵקָה f.n. PBH fire. [Formed from דלק ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דַּלֶּֽקֶת f.n. 1 inflammation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 28:22). PBH 2 fever. [Formed from דלק ᴵ with suff. ◌ֶת. For the form פַּעֶלֶת see אַדֶּמֶת.] Derivative: דַּלַּקְתִּי.

 

דַּלַּקְתִּי adj. NH inflammatory (said of a disease). [Formed from דֵּלֶּקֶת with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֶּֽלֶת f.n. (pl. דְּלָתוֹת, dual דְּלָתַיִם) 1 door. 2 column of a book. MH 3 first line of a verse. [Related to JAram. דַּלְתָּא, Ugar. dlt (= door), Akka. daltlu (= door, leaf of a door). These words possibly derive from base דלה. cp. דַּל ᴵᴵ. cp. also דָּלֶת, דֶּלְתָּא, דַּלְתּוֹן, דַּלְתִּית.]

 

דָּֽלֶת f.n. PBH (pl. דַּלְתִין) ‘Daleth’, name of the fourth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. [Lit.: ‘door’ (see דֶּלֶת); so called in allusion to the ancient Hebrew form of this letter, representing a house. cp. דֶּלְתָּא.]

 

דֶּלְתָּא f.n. FW 1 ‘delta’ — name of the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet. 2 triangular area formed at the mouth of some rivers. [JAram., from Gk. delta, from Heb.-Phoen. דָּלֶת. See דָּלֶת].

 

דַּלְתּוֹן f.n. NH kite-shaped quadrangle (geometry). [Formed from דֶּלֶת (= door), with suff. ◌וֹן; so called in allusion to its shape, suggestive of two triangular doors.]

 

דַּלְתִּית f.n. NH a small door. [Formed from דֶּלֶת with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דָּם m.n. 1 blood. 2 bloodshed. 3 blood-guilt. [Related to JAram. דַּם, דּֽמָא, Syr. דֶּם, רְּמָא, Ugar. dm, Arab. dam, NArab. dialects damm, dimm, Ethiop. dam, Akka. dāmu (= blood). cp. אָדָם. cp. also דמם ᴵᴵ and דַּמְדְּמָנִית. דָּם is one of the few biradical nouns in Hebrew. Other biradical nouns are אָמָה, בֵּן, דָּג, דֶּלֶת, יַד, מֵאָה, מְתִים, עֵץ, קֶשֶׁת, שָׂפָה, שַׁד, שֵׁם, שָׁנָה, שֵׁת.] Derivatives: דָּמִי, דָּמִית.

 

דַּמַּאי f.n. PBH (less exactly spelt דְּמַאי) 1 ‘dammai’ (resp. demai), i.e. produce not certainly tithed. 2 ‘Dammai’ (resp. Demai), name of a Mishnah and Tosephta tractate in the order זֽרָעִים. [Lit.: ‘seeming, apparent’ From דמה ᴵ. The fact that words and their antonyms are usually formed according to the same pattern, on the one hand, and that the antonym of דמאי is וַדַּאי (= sure, certain; as a noun ‘produce certainly tithed’), makes it very probable that the correct spelling of דמאי is דַּמַּאי.]

 

דֶּמָגוֹג m.n. FW demagogue. [From Gk. demagogos (= a popular leader, leader of the mob), which is compounded of demos (= people) and agogos (= leading), from agein (= to lead, guide, drive, carry off), which is cogn. with L. agere (= to set in motion, drive, lead, conduct, guide, govern; to do, act). See דֶּמוֹטִי and אַקְטוּאָלִי.] Derivatives: דֶּמָגוֹגִי, דֶּמָגוֹגְיָה.

 

דֶּמָגוֹגִי adj. FW demagogic. [Gk. demagogikos (= fit for a popular leader), from demagogos. See דֶּמָגוֹג and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֶּמָגוֹגְיָה f.n. FW demagogy. [Gk. demagogia, from demagogos. See דֶּמָגוֹג and suff. ◌ִיה.]

 

דִּמְדּוּם m.n. PBH 1 dim light. NH 2 decline. [Verbal n. of דִּמְדֵּם. See דמדם.]

 

דמדם to be in a daze, to be confused.

    — Pilp. - דִּמְדֵּם PBH 1 he was in a daze; NH 2 it glimmered.

    — Pulp. - דֻּמְדֵּם was dazed, was confused. [Derived from JAram. דִּמְדֵּם (= he was in a daze), which is prob. related to דמם.] Derivatives: דִּמְדּוּם, מְדֻמְדָּם.

 

דָּמְדְּמָנִית f.n. PBH red currant. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps formed from דָּם (= blood), through reduplication.]

 

דמה ᴵ to be like, resemble, to be equal in value.

    — Qal - דָּמָה he was like, resembled.

    — Niph. - נִדְמָה he was like, resembled.

    — Pi. - דִּמָּה 1 he likened, compared; 2 he intended; PBH 3 he thought, believed, imagined.

    — Pu. - דֻּמָּה 1 he was likened; 2 he seemed, appeared.

    — Hith. - הִדַּמָּה, הִתְדַּמָּה he likened himself to… [BAram. דְּמָה, JAram.–Syr. and Mand. דְּמָא (= he was like, resembled), Syr. דְּמַיָּא, Nab. דמי (= price), Syr. דְּמוּתָא and דּוּמְיָא (= likeness), Akka. damtu, dūtu (= shape).] Derivatives: דֶּמֶה, דָּמוּי, דִּמּוּי, דּֽמוּת, דִּמְיוֹן, דַּמְיוּת, דָּמִים ᴵᴵ, הִדַּמּוּת, הִתְדַּמּוּת, הַדֽמָיָה, מִדְמֶה, מְדֻמֶּה, תַּדְמִית.

 

דמה ᴵᴵ to cease, stop.

    — Qal - דָּמָה he ceased, stopped.

    — Niph. - נִדְמָה was destroyed, perished (lit.: ‘was caused to cease’). [A secondary form of base דמם ᴵ.] Derivative: דֳּמִי.

 

דֶּֽמֶה m.n. NH dummy. [Coined from דמה ᴵ. cp. מִדְמֶה.]

 

דֻּמָּה f.n. silence (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 27:32). [Prob. derived from דמם.]

 

דֶּמוֹבִּילִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW demobilization. [Fren. démobilisation, formed from dé– (from L. dē, see דֶּ◌) and mobilisation (= mobilization). See מוֹבִּילִיזַצְיָה.]

 

דֶּמוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW demography. [Coined from Gk. demos (= people; see דֶּמוֹטִי) and – graphia (= description; see ◌גְרַפְיָה).]

 

דֶּמוֹטִי adj. FW popular, demotic (used esp. in the phrase כְּתָב דֶּמוֹטִי, ‘demotic writing’). [Back formation from Gk. demotikos (= pertaining to the people, popular), from demos (= district, country, land, people), which is a derivative of IE * dā-m, an – m– enlargement of base * dā–, *dāi (= to divide). See דֶּמוֹן and cp. first element in דֶּמָגוֹג and in דֶּמוֹגְרַפְיָה.]

 

דָּמוּי adj. NH like, resembling, similar. [Pass. part. of דָּמָה (= he was like). See דמה ᴵ. This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

 

דִּמּוּי m.n. NH likeness, resemblance, comparison. [Verbal n. of דִּמָּה (= he likened), Pi. of דמה ᴵ.]

 

דָּמוּם ᴵ adj. PBH silent. [Pass. part. of דָּמַם (= he was silent); see דמם ᴵ. This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

 

דָּמוּם ᴵᴵ adj. bleeding. [From דמם ᴵᴵ. For the form see דָּמוּם ᴵ.]

 

דִּמּוּם ᴵ m.n. NH silencing. [Verbal n. of דּמֵּם (= he silenced), Pi. of דמם ᴵ.]

 

דִּמּוּם ᴵᴵ m.n. NH bleeding, hemorrhage. [Verbal n. of דִּמֵּם (= caused to bleed), Pi. of דמם ᴵᴵ.]

 

דְּמוּמִית f.n. NH anemone (now used in the sense of the plant Adonis). [Properly ‘a plant with blood-red flowers’. Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from דמם ᴵᴵ (= to bleed). For the ending see subst. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דֶּמוֹן m.n. FW demon. [L. daemon (= a spirit) in Ecclesiastic L. ‘an evil spirit’, from Gk. daimon (= god, goddess), lit.: ‘a divider, distributor (of men’s destinies)’, which is related to daiesthai (= to divide, distribute, to feed on), dais, daite, daitus (= meal, banquet). See דֶּמוֹטִי and cp. the second element in גֵּיאוֹדֶסְיָה.] Derivative: דֶּמוֹנִי.

 

דֶּמוֹנִי adj. FW demonic. [From Gk. daimonikos (= possessed by a demon), from daimon; see דֶּמוֹן and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֶּמוֹנְסְטְרַצְיָה f.n. FW demonstration. [L. dēmōnstrātiō (= a pointing out, showing, demonstration), from dēmōnstrātus, p. part. of dēmōnstrāre (= to point out, indicate, show, demonstrate), from dē- (see דֶּ◌) and mōnstrāre (= to show, point out, indicate), which derives from mōnstrum (= an evil omen, portent, monster), a word standing for * monestrom (lit.: ‘that which serves as a warning’), from monēre (= to remind, warn, advise, instruct). See ‘monition’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דָּמֽוּעַ adj. MH full of tears. [Pass. part. of דָּמַע (see דמע ᴵ). This is an exception because intransitive verbs regularly have no pass. part. in the Qal. For similar exceptions cp. בָּטוּחַ and words there referred to.]

 

דִּמּֽוּעַ ᴵ m.n. MH shedding of tears. [Verbal n. of דִּמַּע, Pi. of דמע ᴵ.]

 

דִּמּֽוּעַ ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH mixture of Terumah and Hullin. [Verbal n. of דִּמַּע, Pi. of דמע ᴵᴵ.]

 

דֶּמוֹקְרָט m.n. FW democrat. [Fren. démocrate, back formation from démocratie. See דֶּמוֹקְרַטְיָה.]

 

דֶּמוֹקְרָטִי adj. FW democratic. [Back formation from Gk. demokratikos (= pertaining to democracy), from demokratia. See דֶּמוֹקְרַטְיָה and adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֶּמוֹקְרַטְיָה f.n. FW democracy. [Fren. démocratie, from Med. L. dēmocratia (= democracy, popular government; lit.: ‘rule of the people’), from Gk. demos (= people) and - kratia, from kratos (= strength, power, rule). See דֶּמוֹטִי and ◌קְרַטְיָה.]

 

דֶּמוֹרָלִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW demoralization. [Fren. démoralisation, from démoraliser, from dé- (in the privative sense of this pref.; see דֶּ◌) and moraliser (= to moralize), from moral (= moral). See מוֹרָל and suff. ◌ִצְיָה.]

 

דְּמוּת f.n. 1 likeness, resemblance, image. MH 2 example, type. [Formed from דמה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. JAram.-Syr. דְּמוּתָא, Mand. דמותא (= form, shape, figure), Arab. dumya (= figure, shape, statue), Tigre dumat (= broad outlines of a figure or an object).]

 

דָּמִי adj. NH pertaining to blood, containing blood, bloody. [Formed from דָּם (= blood), with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֳּמִי, דְּמִי m.n. quiet, rest, silence. [From דמה ᴵᴵ.]

 

דִּמְיוֹן m.n. (pl. דִּמְיוֹנוֹת) 1 likeness, resemblance (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 17:12). MH 2 example. NH 3 imagination. [Formed from דמה ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.] Derivatives: דמין, דִּמְיוֹנִי.

 

דִּמְיוֹנִי adj. MH imaginary, fictitious, fanciful. [Formed from דִּמְיוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דַּמְיוּת f.n. NH similarity. [Formed from דמה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דָּמִים ᴵ m.n. pl. 1 bloodshed. 2 blood-guiltiness. [Pl. of דָּם.]

 

דָּמִים ᴵᴵ m.n. pl. PBH money, value, price. [Prob. derived from דמה (= to be like, in the sense ‘to be equal’). cp. the related Syr. דְּמַיָּא (= price, hire), from דְּמָא (= was like, resembled).]

 

דְּמִימָה ᴵ f.n. NH silence (esp. a term of music). [Properly verbal n. of דָּמַם (= was silent). See דמם ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּמִימָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH bleeding. [See דִּמֵּם. Formally דְּמִימָה is the verbal n. of the otherwise not-used Qal דָּמַם (= it bled, was bleeding); see דמם ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דמין to imagine.

    — Pi. - דִּמְיֵן he imagined.

    — Pu. (pass.) . - דֻּמְיַן was imagined. [Denominated from דִּמְיוֹן (= imagination).]

 

דְּמִיעָה f.n. NH shedding of tears. [Verbal n. of דָּמַע. See דמע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דָּמִית f.n. NH choroid. [Formed from דָּם (= blood) with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דמם ᴵ to be or grow dumb or silent.

    — Qal - דָּמַם 1 he was made silent, became silent; 2 he stood still.

    — Niph. - נָדַם (in MH נִדְמַם) was destroyed.

    — Pi. - דּוֹמֵם he silenced, quieted.

    — Hiph. - הֵדֵם 1 he destroyed; MH 2 he silenced.

    — Hiph. - הִדְמִים he silenced. [Ugar. dmm (= to keep silent), JAram. דַּמְדֵּם (= he was in a daze; see דמדם), Arab. damdama (= he murmured), Ethiop. tadamama (= he was stunned). Related to the bases דום and דמה ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: דְּמָמָה, דָּמוּם, דּוֹמֵם, דּוּמָם, הַדְמָמָה, prob. also דֻּמָּה. cp. דמדם.

 

דמם ᴵᴵ to bleed.

    — Pi. - דִּמֵּם he bled, was bleeding. [Back formation from דָּם (= blood). Derivatives: דָּמוּם ᴵᴵ, דִּמּוּם, דְּמִימָה ᴵᴵ.

 

דֶּֽמֶם m.n. NH bleeding. [From דמם ᴵᴵ.]

 

דְּמָמָה f.n. silence, whisper, hush. [Formed from דמם ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דמן to manure, fertilize.

    — Pi. - דִּמֵּן he manured, fertilized.

    — Pu. - דֻּמַּן was manured, was fertilized. [Denominated from דֹּמֶן. cp. Arab. damana (= he manured, fertilized), which is denominated from dimn (= manure, dung).]

 

דמע ᴵ to shed tears, weep.

    — Qal - דָּמַע he shed tears, wept.

    — Niph. - נִדְמַע was filled with tears.

    — Pi. - דִּמַּע he deluged with tears.

    — Pu. - דֻּמַּע was filled with tears.

    — Hiph. - הִדְמִיעַ PBH 1 he shed tears, wept; NH 2 he caused to weep, made cry.

    — Nith. - נִתְדַּמַּע, נִדַּמַּע was filled with tears. [Aram.–Syr. דְּמַע (= he shed tears, wept), Ugar. dm‘ (= to shed tears, weep), Arab. dama‘a and dami‘a (= it watered — said of the eye), Akka. dimtu (= tear).] Derivatives: דֶּמַע ᴵ, דֶּמַע ᴵᴵ, דִּמְעָה, דַּמַּעַת, דִּמּוּעַ ᴵ, דְּמִיעָה, הִתְדַּמְּעוּת, הֵדְמָעָה, מַדְמִיעַ, מְדֻמָּע ᴵ.

 

דמע ᴵᴵ to mix ‘Hullin’ with ‘Terumah’.

    — Pi. - דִּמַּע he mixed ‘Hullin’ with ‘Terumah’.

    — Pu. - דֻּמַּע it became ‘Terumah’ by mixing ‘Hullin’ with ‘Terumah’.

    — Nith. - נִדַּמַּע (of s.m.). [Denominated from דֶּמַע ᴵᴵ in sense 2.] Derivatives: דִּמּוּעַ ᴵᴵ, מְדֻמָּע.

 

דֶּֽמַע ᴵ m.n. PBH tear. [Back formation from דִּמְעָה.]

 

דֶּֽמַע ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 juice of grapes or olives (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 22:28 in the form דִּמְעֲךּ); for sense development cp. Arab. dam‘atu’lkarm (= wine; lit.: ‘the tear of the vine’). PBH 2 ‘Terumah’, the priest’s share of the fruit. [Derived from דמע ᴵ and lit. meaning ‘outflow’.] Derivative: דמע ᴵᴵ.

 

דִּמְעָה f.n. tear. [Formed from דֶּמַע ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה, whence also JAram. דִּמְעָא, דִּמְעֲתָא, Syr. דֶּמְעֲתָא, Ugar. dm‘, Arab. dam‘, Akka. dimtu (= tear).]

 

דַּמַּֽעַת f.n. NH lachrymation (disease). [Coined from דִּמְעָה (= tear), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת (the ‘Pattah’ in the last two syllables is due to the influence of the ע) serving to form names of diseases. See אַרֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

דַּמְקָה f.n. FW checkers, draughts. [Russian damka (= little lady).]

 

דְּנָא pron. PBH (also דְּנָה in Biblical Heb.) this (used esp. in the phrase מִן קַדְמַת דְּנָה, Dan. 6:11, ‘before, a long while ago’. [JAram., resp. BAram., related to Nab. and Palm. דנה.]

 

דֶּֽנֶבּ m.n. FW ‘Deneb’, the main star in the constellation Cygnus (astronomy). [Arab. dhanab (in vulgar pronunciation dhéneb), short for dhanab aldajāja (= the tail of the hen). Arab. dhanab is related to Heb. זָנָב (= tail).]

 

דנג to wax.

    — Pi. - דִּנֵּג he waxed, coated with wax.

    — Pu. - דֻּנַּג was waxed, was coated with wax. [Denominated from דּוֹנַג (= wax).] Derivatives: דִּנּוּג, מְדֻנָּג.

 

דִּנְדּוּן m.n. NH ringing, tintinnabulation, ring (of the bell). [Verbal n. of דִּנְדֵּן, Pi. of דנדן.]

 

דֶּנְדִּי m.n. FW dandy. [Eng. dandy, from Dandy, a var. of St. Andrews. The name Andrews ultimately derives from the Gk. proper name Andreas, which is related to andreios (= manly), both being derivatives of aner, gen. andros (= man). See אַנְדַּרְטָה.]

 

דנדן to ring.

    — Pi. - דִּנְדֵּן he rang. [Of imit. origin.] Derivative: דִּנְדּוּן.

 

דַּנְדַּנָּה f.n. PBH Ceterach officinalis (botany). [Of unknown origin.]

 

דְּנָה see דְּנָא.

 

דִּנּוּג m.n. NH waxing, coating with wax. [Verbal n. of דִּנֵּג, Pi. of דנג.]

 

דְּנַן pron. PBH this. [Aram., related to דֵּין and דֽנָא (= this).]

 

דֶּסְפּוֹט m.n. FW despot. [From Gk. despotes (= master, ruler, tyrant), which stands for orig. * dems-potā and properly means ‘lord of the house’, and is equivalent to Old I. dám-patiḥ (= lord of the house). The first element stands in gradational relationship to Gk. doma, L. domus (= house); see ‘dome’ (building) in my CEDEL and cp. דּוֹמִינוֹ. The second element is related to Gk. posis (= husband), and cogn. with Old I. patiḥ (= master, husband), L. potis (= able, powerful), potēns (= able, mighty, powerful); see פּוֹטֶנְצְיָה.] Derivative: דֶּסְפּוֹטִי.

 

דֶּסְפּוֹטִי adj. FW despotic. [Gk. despotikos (= inclined to tyranny, despotic), from despotes. See דֶּסְפּוֹט and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֶּסְפּוֹטִיּוּת f.n. FW despotism. [Formed from דֶּסְפּוֹטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דִּסְקָה f.n. NH 1 disc. 2 diskette. [From Gk. diskos; see דִּסְקוּס.] Derivative: דִּסְקִית.

 

דִּסְקוּס m.n. PBH disc, discus, disk. [L. discus (= quoit, disk), from Gk. diskos, which is dissimilated from * dis-skos and properly means ‘that which is thrown’, from the stem of dikein (= to throw, cast). cp. ‘dish’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.]

 

דִּסְקִית f.n. NH disc. (Formed from דִּסְקָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דֵּֽעַ m.n. knowledge, wisdom. [From ידע; properly inf. of יָדַע (= he knew).]

 

דֵּעָה f.n. 1 knowledge, wisdom. PBH 2 opinion. PBH 3 mind, disposition. [Properly inf. of יָדַע, ‘he knew’ (see ידע), to which it stands as עֵדָה (= congregation) stands to יָעֵד (= he appointed). cp. דַּעַת.]

 

דָּעוּךְ adj. MH put out, extinguished. [Pass. part. of דָּעַךְ. See דעך ᴵ.]

 

דִּעוּךְ m.n. MH extinguishing, extinction. [Verbal n. of דִּעִךְ, Pi. of דעך ᴵ.]

 

דְּעִיכָה f.n. MH extinguishing, extinction. [Verbal n. of דָּעַךְ. See דעך ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דעך ᴵ to go out, be extinguished.

    — Qal - דָּעַךְ went out, was extinguished.

    — Niph. - נִדְעַךְ was extinguished.

    — Pi. - דִּעֵךְ 1 he made dark, darkened; 2 he put out, extinguished.

    — Pu. - דֹּעַךְ NH 1 was put out, was extinguished; 2 was destroyed.

    — Hiph. - הִדְעִיךְ he put out, extinguished. [JAram. דְּעִיךְ, Syr. דְּעֵךְ (= went out, was put out, was extinguished), Mand. דהך (= to go out, be extinguished). Related to base זעך.] Derivatives: דָּעוּךְ, דִּעוּךְ, דְּעִיכָה.

 

דעך ᴵᴵ to crush, trample.

    — Qal - דָּעַךְ he crushed, trampled.

    — Niph. - נִדְעַךְ was crushed, was trampled. [Arab. da‘aka (= he rubbed, scrubbed).]

 

דַּֽעַץ m.n. PBH ‘Da‘atz’ — one of the names of the ancient Hebrew script (for another version of the name see רַעַץ). [Related to JAram.–Syr. דְּעַץ (= he put in, thrust in, inserted), which is related to Arab. daghiṣa (= was chockfull).]

 

דַּֽעַת f.n. (pl. דֵּעוֹת) 1 the knowledge of. 2 knowledge, wisdom. [Inf. construct of יָדַע. See ידע and cp. דֵּעָה. cp. JAram. דַּעְתָּא (= knowledge), Ugar. d‘t (= acquaintance), Akka. di’atu, da’atu (= knowledge).] Derivative: דַּעְתָּן.

 

דַּעְתָּן adj. MH 1 intelligent, sensible. MH 2 very learned, erudite. NH 3 strong-minded. [Formed from דַּעַת with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: דַּעְתָּנוּת.

 

דַּעְתָּנוּת f.n. NH 1 intelligence. 2 erudition. 3 strong-mindedness. [Formed from דַּעְתָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּעְתָּנִי adj. NH based on knowledge. [Formed from דַּעְתָּן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דַּף m.n. PBH 1 board, plank. PBH 2 column (in a scroll). NH 3 leaf, page. [Together with JAram.-Syr. דַּפָּא (= board, plank), Arab. daff (= side), borrowed from Akka. (a)dappu, duppu, which is a loan word from Sumerian dub. Arab. daffa (= cover of a book), is possibly borrowed from Aram.] Derivatives: דפף, דִּפְדֵּף, דְּפוּפָה, דַּפִּית. cp. דֹּפֶן.

 

דִּפְדּוּף m.n. NH the act of turning pages. [Verbal n. of דִּפְדֵּף. See דפדף.]

 

דפדף to turn pages.

    — Pilp. - דִּפְדְּף he turned pages. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from דַּף (= page) through reduplication.]

 

דַּפְדֶּֽפֶת f.n. NH 1 pad of paper. 2 album. [Formed from דִּפְדֵּף with suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

דַּפָּה f.n. NH lathe. [Formed from דַּף with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דפה to find fault, vilify.

    — Pi. - דִּפָּה he found fault, vilified. [Denominated from דֳּפִי (= blemish, fault).] Derivative: דִּפּוּי.

 

דִּפּוּי m.n. NH defilement, vilification. [Verbal n. of דִּפָּה, Pi. of דפה.]

 

דָּפוּן adj. PBH near the wall, set in the wall. [Pass. part. of דָּפַן. See דפן.]

 

דִּפּוּן m.n. NH strengthening of the walls (esp. of a cistern; revetting, revetment). [Verbal n. of דִּפֵּן, Pi. of דפן.]

 

דְּפוּס m.n. PBH 1 form, model, mold. NH 2 printing, press. [From Gk. typos (= blow, mark of a blow, impression, stamp on a coin, pattern, model), from the stem of typtein (= to beat, strike), from IE base * (s)tup– (= to strike, cut, hew), whence also Gk. stypos (= stem, stump). cp. ‘type’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.] Derivatives: דפס, דַּפָּס, דֶּפֶס, דּֽפוּסִי, מִדְפָּס, תַּדְפִּיס.

 

דָּפוּס adj. NH printed. [Pass. part. of דָּפַס. See דפס.]

 

דְּפוּסִי adj. of, or concerning, printing. [Formed from דְּפוּס with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דָּפוּף adj. NH laminated. [From the stem of דִּפֵּף; formally, pass. part. of the (otherwise not-used) Qal of this verb.]

 

דִּפּוּף m.n. NH pagination. [Verbal n. of דִּפֵּף, Pi. of דפף.]

 

דְּפוּפָה m.n. bookrack. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) through the reduplication of Mishnaic Heb. דַּף; see דפדף. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דָּפוּק adj. MH knocked, beaten, struck. [Pass. part. of דָּפַק. See דפק.]

 

דֶּפֶטִיזְם m.n. FW defeatism. [Fren. défaitisme, from défaite (= defeat), from défaire (= to undo), from VL disfacere (corresponding to L. dēficere), from dis– (see דִּיס◌ ᴵ) and facere (= to make, do). See פַקְט and cp. דֶּפִיצִיט and דֶּפֶקֽט.]

 

דֳּפִי m.n. blemish, fault (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 50:20 in the pausal form דֹּפִי). [Related to JAram. דָּפְיָא (= fault); according to Kautzsch, an aramaism. The form דֹּפִי given by most lexicographers as the regular form is incorrect. cp. חֳלִי (= disease, sickness), in pause חֹֽלִי; יֳפִי (= beauty), in pause יֹפִי.]

 

דְּפִיסָה f.n. MH 1 printing. 2 molding. [Verbal n. of דָּפַס. See דפס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דֶּפִיצִיט m.n. FW deficit. [Fren. déficit, from L. dēficit (= it is wanting), third pers. sing. pres. of dēficere (= to be wanting), from dē (see דֶּ◌) and facere (= to make, do). See פַקְט and cp. דֶּפֶטִיזְם, דֶּפֶקְט.]

 

דְּפִיקָה f.n. MH knocking, beating. [Verbal n. of דָּפַק. See דפק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דַּפִּית f.n. NH a small page. [Formed from דַּף with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דפלם to furnish with a diploma.

    — Pi. - דִּפְּלֵם he furnished with a diploma.

    — Pu. - דֻּפְּלַם he was furnished with a diploma.

    — Nith. - נִתֽדַּפְּלֵם he was furnished with a diploma; he received a diploma. [Denominated from דִּיפְּלוֹמָה.] Derivative: מְדֻפְּלָם.

 

דֶּפְלַצְיָה f.n. FW deflation. [From L. dēflātus, p. part. of dēflāre (= to blow off), from dē (see דֶּ◌) and flāre (= to blow), from IE base * bhlō–, *bhlē–, *bhl– (= to blow), whence also L. flāre (= to blow). See ‘blow’ (to puff), and ‘blow’ (to bloom) in my CEDEL. For the ending of the word דֶּפְלַצְיָה see suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

 

דֹּֽפֶן m.n. PBH (pl. דְּפָנִים, also דְּפָנוֹת) wall, partition; side. [Together with Aram. דּוֹפְנָא, Syr. דַּפְנָא (= wall side), of uncertain origin; perhaps related to דַּף, Aram. דַּפָּא (= board, plank).] Derivatives: דפן, דָּפְנִית, מַדְפֵּן.

 

דפן to press to the wall, to force.

    — Qal - דָּפַן 1 he pushed to the wall; 2 he pressed to the wall, forced.

    — Pi. - דִּפֵּן he revetted, plated.

    — Pu. - דֻּפַּן was revetted, was plated. [Denominated from דֹּפֶן. cp. JAram. דַּפֵּן (= he pressed to the wall, forced), which is denominated from דּוֹפֽנָא.] Derivatives: דָּפוּן, דִּפּוּן.

 

דַּפְנָא, דַּפְנָה f.n. PBH resp. NH (pl. דַּפְנִים) daphne, laurel. [From Gk. daphne (= laurel), which is borrowed together with L. laurus (= laurel) from a language of Asia Minor. cp. the second element in הַרְדּוּף, הַרְדּוּפֽנִין. cp. also ‘Daphne ᴵ’ and ‘Daphne ᴵᴵ’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דָּפְנִית f.n. NH a small partition. [Formed from דֹּפֶן with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

דֶּפֶנְסִיבָה f.n. FW defensive. [Fren. défensive, from Med. L. dēfēnsīvus, from L. dēfēnsus, p. part. of dēfendere (= to ward off, keep away, defend, guard, protect), from dē– (see דֶּ◌) and * fendere (= to thrust, strike), occurring only in compounds. See אוֹפֶנֽסִיבָה.]

 

דפס to print.

    — Qal - דָּפַס he printed.

    — Niph. - נִדְפַּס was printed.

    — Hiph. - הִדְפִּיס he printed.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְפַּס was printed. [Denominated from דְּפוּס.] Derivatives: רָּפוּס, דְּפִיסָה, הֶדְפֵּס, הַדְפָּסָה, מַדֽפִּיס, מֻדְפָּס, תדפס.

 

דַּפָּס m.n. NH printer. [Nomen opificis formed from דְּפוּס (= printing), according to the pattern פַּעָל.] Derivative: דַּפָּסוּת.

 

דֶּֽפֶס m.n. NH cast. [From דְּפוּס.]

 

דַּפָּסוּת f.n. NH typography. [Formed from דַּפָּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דפף to paginate.

    — Pi. - דִּפֵּף he paginated.

    — Pu. - דֻּפַּף was paginated. [Denominated from דַּף (= leaf, page).] Derivatives: דָּפוּף, דִּפּוּף, דּֽפוּפָה, דַּפָּה, דַּפִּית, מַדָּף. cp. the first element in דַּפְרוֹן.

 

דפק to knock.

    — Qal - דָּפַק 1 he knocked, struck, beat, urged, drove on; NH 2 it beat, throbbed (said of the pulse).

    — Niph. - נִדְפַּק it was knocked.

    — Hith. - הִתְדַּפֵּק he beat or knocked violently.

    — Pi. - הִדְפִּיק MH 1 he knocked, beat, struck; NH 2 he caused to knock or beat. [Aram. דַּפֵּק (= he knocked, beat). Perhaps related to Arab. dafa‘a (= he pushed, pushed back, drove, drove away).] Derivatives: דֶּפֶק, דֹּפֶק, דָּפוּק, דְּפִיקָה, דּוֹפֵק, הִתְדַּפְּקוּת.

 

דֶּֽפֶק m.n. MH 1 knocking, beating, striking. NH 2 pulsation. [From דפק.]

 

דֹּֽפֶק m.n. NH pulse. [From דפק.]

 

דֶּפֶקְט m.n. FW defect. [L. dēfectus (= a failing, failure), from dēfectus, p. part. of dēficere (= to forsake, desert, abandon, revolt; to remove oneself, withdraw; to be wanting, fail), from dē (see דֶּ◌) and facere (= to make, do). See פַקְטוֹר and cp. דֶּפֶטִיזְם and דֶּפִיצִיט.]

 

דֶּפֶקְטִיבִי adj. FW defective. [Late L. dēfectīvus (= imperfect, defective), from L. dēfectus, p. part. of dēficere. See דֶּפֶקְט and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: דֶּפֶקְטִיבִיּוּת.

 

דֶּפֶקְטִיבִיּוּת f.n. FW defectiveness. [Formed from דֶּפֶקְטִיבִי with suff. ◌יּת.][[illegible]]

 

דַּפְרוֹן m.n. NH music sheet. [Compounded of דַּף (= page), and רן (= song, music).]

 

דֶּפְּרֶסְיָה f.n. FW depression. [L. dēpressiō (= a pressing down), from dēpressus, p. part. of dēprimere (= to press down, weigh down, plant deep, dig deep, depress), from dē (see דֶּ◌) and premere (= to press), which is related to prēlum, from prem-lom (= press, winepress). cp. קוֹמְפְּרֶסּוֹר. For the ending of דֶּפּֽרֶסְיָה see suff. ◌ִיָה.]

 

דִּפְתּוּר m.n. NH putting in writing, writing in a book, recording. [Verbal n. of דִּפְתֵּר. See דפתר.]

 

דִּפְתָּר m.n. NH notebook. [From דִּפְתְּרָא ᴵᴵ.]

 

דפתר to put in writing, to record.

    — Pi. - דִּפְתֵּר he put in writing, wrote in a book, recorded.

    — Pu. - דֻּפֽתַּר was put in writing, was written in a book, was recorded. [Denominated from דִּפְתְּרָא ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: דִּפֽתּוּר.

 

דִּפְתְּרָא ᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. דִּפְתְּרָאוֹת) hide (esp. hide prepared for writing). [From Gk. diphthera (= prepared hide, leather, membrane), which is of uncertain origin; it is possibly related to Gk. dephein, depsein (= to soften).]

 

דִּפְתְּרָא ᴵᴵ m.n. NH (pl. דִּפְתְּרָאוֹת) document, record, copy book, notebook. [From Arab. daftar, diftar, which is prob. a Persian loan word. According to some scholars Arab. daftar, diftar was borrowed from Gk. diphthera (= hide; hide prepared for writing), hence is of the same origin as דִּפֽתְּרָא ᴵ.] Derivatives: דפתר, דִּפְתָּר, דִּפֽתְּרָן.

 

דִּפְתְּרָן m.n. NH bookkeeper. [Formed from דִּפְתְּרָא ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

דֶּצִיגְרַם m.n. FW decigram(me). [Fren. décigramme (lit.: ‘the tenth part of a gram’), a hybrid coined from déci– (= tenth part), arbitrarily formed from L. decimus (= the tenth), and Gk. gramma (= that which is written; a written character, letter, a small weight). For the first element see דִּינָר, for the second see גְּרַם.]

 

דֶּצִילִיטֶר m.n. FW deciliter. [Fren. décilitre (= the tenth part of a liter), a hybrid coined from déci– (see דֶּצִיגֽרַם) and Gk. litra (= a pound); see לִיטֶר.]

 

דֶּצִימֶטֶר m.n. FW decimeter. [Fren. décimètre, a hybrid coined from déci– (see דֶּצִיגְרַם), and Gk. metron (= measure); see מֶטֶר.]

 

דֶּצֶמְבֶּר m.n. FW December. [L. December (= the tenth month), from decem (= ten; see דִּינָר); so called because the Roman year began with March.]

 

דֶּצֶנְטְרָלִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW decentralization. [Formed from L. pref. dē– (see דֶּ◌), and centrālis (= pertaining to a center), from centrum (= center), from Gk. kentron (= point, prickle, spike, ox goad, point round which a circle is described). See קַנְטָר ᴵ and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

 

דַּק adj. 1 thin. 2 lean. 3 small, fine. [From דקק. cp. JAram. דַּק, Ugar. dq (= tender, weak), Arab. diqq (= thin, fine).] Derivatives: דַּק ᴵ, דַּק ᴵᴵ, דַּקּוּת, דַּקִּיק, דַּקְדַּק. cp. the second element in חַיֽדַּק.

 

דַּק ᴵ m.n. MH minute. [Based on Arab. daqīqa (= minute) and influenced by Med. L. minūta, short for L. pars minūta prīma (lit.: ‘the first small part’), used by the mathematician Ptolemy to denote the sixtieth part of a degree. cp. דַּקָּה ᴵ.]

 

דַּק ᴵᴵ m.n. name of an eye disease. (Lev. 21:20). [From דַּק (adj.). cp. דֹּק ᴵᴵ.]

 

דֹּק ᴵ m.n. 1 a thin curtain (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 40:22). MH 2 heaven (used in poetry). [From דקק.]

 

דֹּק ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH an eye disease, prob. ulcus corneae. [From דקק.] cp. דַּק ᴵᴵ.]

 

דֶּקָגְרַם m.n. FW decagram. [Fren. décagramme (lit.: ‘ten grams’), coined from déca–, from Gk. deka (= ten), and gramma (see גְּרַם).]

 

דֶּקָדָה f.n. FW decade. [Fren. décade, from L. decas, from Gk. dekas (= the number ten; a group of ten), from deka (= ten). See דִּינָר and cp. the second element in דּוֹדֶקָאֶדֶר and in דּוֹדֶקָגוֹן.]

 

דִּקְדּוּק m.n. PBH 1 exactness, precision. MH 2 grammar. [Verbal n. of דִּקְדֵּק (see דקדק). In the sense ‘grammar’, the word דִּקְדּוּק was first used by Menahem ben Saruk (c. 910 – c. 970).]

 

דֶּקָדֶנְטִי adj. FW decadent. [Back formation from דֶּקָדֶנֽס (= decadence), coined by Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881).]

 

דֶּקָדֶנְס m.n. FW decadence, decadency. [Fren. décadence, from L. dēcadentia (= a falling down), from dēcadere (= to fall down), from de– (= down, away from) and cadere (= to fall).] Derivative: דֶּקָדֶנְטִי.

 

דַּקְדַּק adj. NH very thin. [Reduplication of דַּק (adj.).]

 

דקדק to examine minutely, to be strict.

    — Pilp. - דִּקְדֵּק PBH 1 he evened (lit.: ‘made thin’) the threads of a woof by beating; PBH 2 he examined minutely, searched, investigated, was strict, dealt strictly; MH 3 he crushed.

    — Pulp. - דֻּקֽדַּק was examined minutely, was searched.

    — Hith. - הִדַּקְדֵּק הִתְדַּקְדֵּק MH was crushed. [Pilpel of דקק. For other Pilpel forms derived from ע״ע stems cp. בזבז and words there referred to. cp. דרדק.] Derivatives: דַּקֽדְּקָן, דַּקֽדֶּקֶת, דִּקְדּוּק, מְדַקְדֵּק, מְדֻקְדָּק.

 

דַּקְדְּקָן m.n. MH 1 a meticulous, punctilious or pedantic person. NH 2 a grammarian. [Formed from דקדק with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: דַּקְדְּקָנוּת, דַּקְדְּקָנִי.

 

דַּקְדְּקָנוּת f.n. NH meticulousness, punctiliousness, pedantry. [Formed from דַּקְדְּקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּקְדְּקָנִי adj. NH meticulous, punctilious, pedantic. [Formed from דַּקֽדְּקָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דַּקְדֶֽקֶת f.n. MH very small parts, crumbs. [Formed from דקדק on the analogy of Aram. דַּקֽדַּקֽתָּא.]

 

דַּקָּה ᴵ f.n. NH minute. [See דַּק ᴵᴵ.]

 

דַּקָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH balcony. [From דקק. cp. Arab. dakka (= flattened sand hill, stone bench), from dakka (= he rammed, stamped, made flat, made level). cp. דַּק ᴵ.] Derivative: דַּקִּיקָה ᴵ.

 

דָּקוֹר m.n. PBH chisel, borer. [From דקר.]

 

דָּקוּר adj. NH bored, pierced, stabbed. [Pass. part. of דָּקַר. See דקר.]

 

דִּקּוּר m.n. MH boring, piercing, stabbing. [Verbal n. of דִּקֵּר, Pi. of דקר.]

 

דֶּקוֹרָטוֹר m.n. FW decorator. [From L. decorāre. See דֶּקוֹרַצְיָה.]

 

דֶּקוֹרָטִיכִי adj. FW decorative. [Fren. L. decorātus, p. part. of decorāre. See דֶּקוֹרַצֽיָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֶּקוֹרַצְיָה f.n. FW decoration. [Late L. decorātiō, from L. decorātus, p. part. of decorāre (= to decorate, adorn, embellish; to honor, distinguish), from decus (= ornament, grace, splendor), from IE base *dek̑–, *dok̑–, (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming, good). See דּוֹצֶנְט and cp. words there referred to. For the ending of דֶּקוֹרַצֽיָה see suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

 

דַּקּוּת f.n. MH 1 thinness. 2 delicacy, fineness. [Formed from דַּק, adj., with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּקְטִיל m.n. FW dactyl (prosody). [Gk. daktylos (= finger; dactyl; so called in allusion to the three joints of the finger). Of uncertain etymology.]

 

דקטר to make (someone) a doctor.

    — Pi. - דִּקֽטֵר he made (someone) a doctor, conferred the title of doctor (upon someone).

    — Pu. - דֻּקֽטַר he was made a doctor, became a doctor.

    — Hith. - הִתְדַּקְטֵר (of s.m.). [Back formation from דּוֹקְטוֹר.] Derivative: הִתְדַּקְטְרוּת.

 

דַּקִּיק adj. MH very thin, fine, minute. [Formed from דַּק (adj.), on the analogy of JAram.–Syr. דְּקִיקָא.] Derivative: דַּקִיקוּת.

 

דַּקִּיקָה f.n. NH second. [Formed from דַּקָּה (= minute), on the analogy of Arab. daqīqa (= minute).]

 

דַּקִּיקוּת f.n. NH extreme thinness. [Formed from דַּקִּיק with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דְּקִירָה f.n. PBH stabbing, pricking. [Verbal n. of דָּקַר. See דקר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דֶֽקֶל m.n. PBH palm tree. [Together with Aram. דִּקְלָא, Syr. דֶּקֽלָא, of uncertain origin. Arab. daqal (= a brand of dates of good quality) is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: דִּקְלַאי, דִּקְלִי.

 

דִּקְלַאי m.n. PBH palm gardener. [Formed from דֶּקֶל with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

דִּקְלוּם m.n. NH recitation [Verbal n. of דִּקְלֵם. See דקלם.] Derivative: דִּקְלוּמִי.

 

דִּקְלוּמִי adj. NH declamatory. [Formed from דִּקְלוּם with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דִּקְלִי adj. NH palmaceous. [Formed from דֶּקֶל with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דֶּקָלִיטֶר m.n. FW decaliter. [Fren. décalitre (lit.: ‘ten liters’), coined from déca–, from Gk. deka (= ten), and litra (= a pound). See דִּינָר and לִיטֶר.]

 

דקלם to declaim, recite.

    — Pi. - דִּקְלֵם he declaimed, recited.

    — Pu. - דֻּקְלַם was declaimed, was recited. [Coined by Nahum David Tzemach, the founder of the Habimah, through Hebraization of L. dēclāmāre (= to declaim), for whose etymology see דֶּ◌ and קָלֶנְדָּא.] Derivatives: דִּקְלוּם, מְדַקֽלֵם, מְדֻקְלָם.

 

דֶּקְלָרַצְיָה f.n. FW declaration. [L. dēclārātiō (= exposition, declaration), from dēclārātus, p. part. of dēclārāre (= to make clear, make evident, manifest, declare), from dē- (see דֶּ◌) and clārāre (= to make clear), from clārus (= clear). See קְלַרֽנִית. For the ending of דֶּקְלָרַצְיָה see suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

 

דֶּקָמֶטֶר f.n. FW decameter. [Fren. décamètre (lit.: ‘ten meters’), coined from déca–, from Gk. deka (= ten), and metron (= measure). See דִּינָר and מֶטֶר.]

 

דֶּקָן m.n. FW dean. [L. decānus (= one set over ten persons; in Ecclesiastic L. ‘a superior set over ten monks’), from decem (= ten). See דִּינַר.]

 

דֶּקְסְטְרִין m.n. FW dextrin(e). [Fren. dextrine, coined by the French physicist Jean Baptiste and the French chemist and pharmacist Jean-François Persoz in 1833 (in Annales de Chimie et de Physique), from L. dexter (= on the right hand); so called by them because it turns the plane of polarization of light to the right. L. dexter also means ‘skillful, favorable, fortunate’, and prob. derives from IE base *dek̑– (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming, good), whence also L. dēcēre (= to be fitting or seemly), docēre (= to teach). See דּוֹצֶנְט and cp. words there referred to. For the sense development of L. dexter, Gk. dexiteros, dexios, etc., see יָמִין (= right hand, south), and cp. words there referred to. For the ending of דֶּקְסְטְרִין see chemical suff. ‘-ine’, ‘-in’, in my CEDEL.]

 

דקק to crush, pulverize.

    — Qal - רָּקַק, דַּק 1 he crushed, pulverized; 2 was beaten small, was fine.

    — Niph. - נִדַּק was crushed, was beaten small, was made fine.

    — Hiph. - הֵדַק he crushed, ground, pulverized.

    — Hoph. - הוּדַק was crushed, was ground, was pulverized.

    — Pilp. (see . - דקדק ). [Phoen. דק (= thin, fine), JAram. also BAram. דְּקַק (= he crushed, ground), Ugar. dq (= small), Arab. daqqa (= was or became thin), Ethiop. daqaqa (= he crushed, broke to pieces), Akka. daqāqu (= to break into pieces, grind), OSArab. דקק (= flour).] Derivatives: דַּק (adj.), דֹּק ᴵ, דֹּק ᴵᴵ, דִּקְדֵּק. cp. דַּרְדַּק.

 

דקר to pierce.

    — Qal - דָּקַר 1 he pierced, stabbed; NH 2 was pungent.

    — Niph. - נִדְקַר was pierced, was stabbed.

    — Pi. - דִּקֵּר he pierced, stabbed.

    — Pu. - דֻּקַּר was pierced, was stabbed.

    — Pil. (see . - דקרר ). [JAram.–Syr. and Mand. דְּקַר (= he pierced, stabbed, thrust), Arab. daqara.] Derivatives: דּוֹקְרָנוּת, דּוֹקְרָנִי, דַּקָּר, דֶּקֶר, דָּקוּר, דָּקוֹר, דִּקּוּר, דּֽקִירָה, מַדְקֵר, מְדֻקָּר, מַדְקֵרָה.

 

דֶּֽקֶר m.n. 1 mattock, pick, hoe. NH 2 the act of piercing or stabbing. [From דקר.]

 

דַּקָּר m.n. NH grouper (name of a fish). [From דקר.]

 

דִּקְרוּר m.n. NH pricking. [Verbal n. of דִּקֽרֵר. See דקרר.]

 

דקרר to prick.

    — Pil. - דִּקְרֵר he pricked.

    — Pul. - דֻּקְרַר was pricked. [Pil. of דקר. For Pil. forms in PBH see גונן from גון, דכלל from רכל, רעדד from רעד, תכנן from תכן.] Derivative: דִּקְרוּר.

 

דרא base of דֵּרָאוֹן. [Arab dara’a (= averted, warded off).]

 

דֵּרָאוֹן m.n. aversion, abhorrence, shame. [Formed from דרא with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

 

דרב to be accustomed, be trained. [Arab. daraba (= he was accustomed, was trained), dariba (= was accustomed), darraba (= he accustomed, trained). For sense development cp. מַלְמָד (= goad), which derives from למד (= to become accustomed, to learn).] Derivatives: דָּרְבָן, דָּרְבוֹן.

 

דִּרְבּוּן m.n. NH spurring, goading, urging, egging on. [Verbal n. of דִּרְבֵּן. See דרבן.]

 

דֶּרְבִּי m.n. FW Derby. [Named after the 12th Earl of Derby, England.]

 

דָּרְבָן, דָּרְבוֹן m.n. (pl. דָּרְבָנוֹת, resp. דָּרְבוֹנוֹת) spur, goad, prick. [Formed from דרב with suff. ◌ָן, resp. ◌וֹן.] Derivatives: דרבן, דֵּרְבָּן, דָּרְבָנִי, דָּרֽבָנִית.

 

דַּרְבָּן m.n. NH porcupine. [From דָּרְבָן.]

 

דרבן to spur (a horse), goad, urge, egg on.

    — Pi. - דִּרְבֵּן he spurred (a horse), goaded, urged, egged on.

    — Pu. - דֻּרְבַּן was spurred (said of a horse), was goaded, was urged, was egged on. [Denominated from דָּרֽבָן.] Derivatives: דִּרְבּוּן, מְדַרְבֵּן, מְדֻרְבָּן.

 

דָּרְבָנִי adj. NH echinate. [Formed from דָּדְבָן with suff. ◌ִי and lit. meaning ‘prickly’.]

 

דָּרְבָנִית f.n. NH knight’s spur, Delphinium (botany). [Formed from דָּרְבָן with suff. ◌ִית and lit. meaning ‘the prickly plant’.]

 

דרג ᴵ to walk. [Base of מַדְרֵגָה and מִדְרָג. Related to דרך, perhaps also to דלג. cp. דַּרְגָא. See Arab. daraja (= he went on foot, went step by step, walked), daraja (= step, stair), JAram.–Syr. דַּרְגָּא (= step), Akka. durgu, daragu (= path).]

 

דרג ᴵᴵ to make steps or stairs, to grade.

    — Pi. - דֵּרֵג 1 he made steps or stairs; 2 he terraced; 3 he graded, graduated.

    — Pu. - דֹּרַג 1 it was terraced; 2 was graded, was graduated.

    — Hiph. - הִדְרִיג PBH 1 he terraced; MH 2 he graded, gradated.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְרַג was graded, was gradated. [Back formation from מַדְרֵגָה (= step).] Derivatives: דָּרוּג, דֵּרוּג, הַדְרָגָה, הִתְדָּרְגוּת, מֻדְרָג, מְדֹרָג.

 

דֶּֽרֶג m.n. NH grade, degree, echelon. [Back formation from דַּרְגָה. cp. the first element in דְּרַגְנוֹעַ.]

 

דַּרְגָּא, דַּרְגָּה f.n. PBH resp. MH 1 step, grade. 2 name of a conjunctive accent placed beneath the word (its form is ◌ָ). 3 degree, rank. [From דרג.] Derivative: דֶּרֶג.

 

דְּרַגְנֽוֹעַ m.n. NH escalator. [Lit.: ‘moving stairs’. Compounded of דֶּרֶג (= grade) and נוֹעַ (= to move); see נוע.]

 

דַּרְגָּשׁ m.n. PBH couch. [A Pers. loan word.]

 

דִּרְדּוּר m.n. rolling. [Verbal n. of דִּרְדֵּר. See דרדר.]

 

דַּרְדּוּר m.n. PBH a large wooden barrel. [Lit.: ‘a round vessel’, i.e. ‘that which is rolled’, from דרדר (= to roll).]

 

דַּרְדָּס m.n. NH 1 slipper. 2 galosh. [Aram. דַּרְדָּסִין (= sandals). Perhaps from דרס (= to tread).]

 

דַּרְדַּק m.n. PBH pupil, beginner, tyro, novice, child. [JAram. דַּרְדַּק, דַּרֽדְּקָא (= child), Syr. דַּרֽדְּקָא, דַּרְדֵּקָא (= children), dissimilated from דַּקְדְּקָא (= small, minute, light), from דַּק (= he pounded, broke into pieces). See דקק.] Derivatives: דרדק, דַּרְדְּקָאוּת, דַּרְדְּקָאִי.

 

דרדק to make suitable for children.

    — Pi. - דִּרְדֵּק he made (something) suitable for children.

    — Pu. - דֻּרְדַּק was made suitable for children. [Denominated from דַּרְדַּק.]

 

דַּרְדְּקָאוּת f.n. NH childishness; infantilism. [Formed from דַּרֽדַּק with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּרְדְּקָאִי adj. NH childish; infantile. [Formed from דַּרְדַּק with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דרדר to roll.

    — Pilp. - דִּרְדֵּר he rolled.

    — Pulp. - דֻּרְדַּר was rolled.

    — Hith. - הִתְדַּרְדֵּר Nith. נִדַּרֽדֵּר PBH it rolled. [Arab. dardara (= he chewed; lit.: ‘he rolled the food in the mouth’), durdūr (= eddy, whirlpool). Possibly reduplication of base דור.] Derivatives: דַּרְדּוּר, דִּרְדּוּר, הִרֵּרֽדְּרוּת.

 

דַּרְדַּר m.n. Centaurea (botany). [Related to JAram.–Syr. דַּרְדְּרֵא, Arab. dardār, Ethiop. dandar (= thistles). Prob. derived from the reduplication of base דור (= to move in a circle, be round).]

 

דָּרוּג adj. NH 1 terraced. 2 graded. [From the stem of דרג; formally the pass. part. of the (otherwise not-used) Qal דָּרַג.]

 

דֵּרוּג m.n. NH 1 terracing. 2 grading. (Verbal n. of דֵּרֵג, Pi. of דרג.]

 

דְּרוּזִי m.n. & adj. FW Druse. [Arab. durūz, pl. of darazī (= Druse). Named after the founder of the sect Ismail ad- Darazī (= the tailor). cp. ‘darzee’ (= tailor) in my CEDEL.]

 

דַּרְוִינִיזְם m.n. FW Darwinism (the theory propounded by Charles Robert Darwin, 1809–82).

 

דֶּרְוִישׁ m.n. FW dervish. [Turkish derwish, from Pers. därwësh (= beggar; poor). cp. Avestic driyu (= poor).]

 

דָּרוֹךְ ᴵ m.n. PBH PBH (pl. דָּרוֹכוֹת), wine or olive treader. [From דרך.]

 

דָּדוֹךְ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH (pl. דָּרוֹכוֹת) , trigger. [From דרך.]

 

דָּרוּךְ adj. 1 bent (said of a bow). MH 2 trodden. NH 3 tense, taut. [Pass. part. of דָּרַךְ. See דרך.] Derivative: דְּרִיכוּת.

 

דָּרוֹם m.n. south. [Together with JAram. and Samaritan דָּרוֹמָא (= south), of uncertain origin.] Derivatives: דרם, דְּרוֹמִי.

 

דְּרוֹמִי adj. PBH southern, southerly. [Formed from דָּרוֹם with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דָּרוּס adj. PBH 1 torn (by a bird or beast of prey). NH 2 trampled, trodden. [Pass. part. of דָּרַס. See דרס.]

 

דְּרוֹר ᴵ m.n. freedom, liberty, release from servitude. [Related to Akka. durāru (= freedom, release from servitude).] Derivatives: דרר ᴵ, דְּרוֹרִי, דְּרוֹרִיָּה.

 

דְּרוֹר ᴵᴵ m.n. sparrow. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps derived from base דרר, appearing in Arab. darra (= ran, it ran swiftly). cp. דְּרוֹר ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

דְּרוֹר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. (occurring only in the term מָר־דְּרוֹר, ‘fine flowing myrrh’). [From base דרר appearing also in Arab. darra (= it flew abundantly, streamed — said esp. of milk, tears and rain); it ran swiftly — said of a horse. cp. darīr (= a swift animal, esp. ‘a swift horse’). cp. דְּרוֹר ᴵᴵ.]

 

דָּרוּר adj. freed, released. [Pass. part. of דָּרַר. See דרר.]

 

דְּרוֹרִי adj. NH free. [Formed from דְּרוֹר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דְּרוֹרִיָּה f.n. NH freedom, amnesty. [Formed from דְּרוֹר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

דָּרוּשׁ adj. 1 needed, required. MH 2 expounded. [Pass. part. of דָּרַשׁ. See דרשׁ.]

 

דְּרוּשׁ m.n. MH 1 thesis, dissertation. NH 2 homily, sermon. [From דָּרַשׁ. See דרשׁ.]

 

דְּרִיכָה m.n. PBH 1 treading. MH 2 bending (of a bow). MH 3 walking, marching. NH 4 cocking (of a gun). [Verbal n. of דָּרַךְ. See דרך and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּרִיכוּת f.n. NH tension, preparedness. [From דָּרוּךְ.]

 

דְּרִיסָה f.n. PBH 1 treading, trampling. MH 2 attacking of an animal by claws. [Verbal n. of דָּרַס. See דרס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּרִישָׁה f.n. PBH 1 examination, inquiry, investigation. PBH 2 interpretation of a Biblical text. NH 3 demand, requirement. [Verbal n. of דָּרַשׁ. See דרשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דרך to tread.

    — Qal - דָּרַךְ he trod, walked, marched.

    — Niph. - נִדְרַךְ NH 1 was trodden down; MH 2 was bent (said of a bow).

    — Hiph. - הִדְרִיךְ 1 he caused to tread, led, directed, guided; 2 he bent (said of a bow); 3 he instructed, educated.

    — Hoph. - הֻדְרַךְ 1 he was led, was guided; 2 he was instructed, was educated. [JAram.–Syr. דְּרַךְ (= he trod), JAram. דַּרְכָא, Syr. דְּרָכָא (= treading), Arab. adraka, OSArab. הדרך (= he reached, overtook), Ethiop. daraka (= was rough, was severe), madrak (= threshold). Base דרך is related to base דרג.] Derivatives: דֶּרֶךְ, דָּרוֹךְ ᴵ, דָּרוֹךְ ᴵᴵ, דָּרוּךְ, דְּרִיכָה, דַּרְכּוֹן ᴵ, דַּרְכִּיָּה, הַדְרָכָה, מַדְרִיךְ, מִדְרָךְ, מֻדְרָךְ, מִדְרָכָה, תַּדְרִיךְ תדרך. cp. אַדְרַכְתָּא.

 

דֶּֽרֶךְ m. & f.n. 1 way, road. 2 journey. 2 custom, conduct, manner. 4 NH method. 5 NH mode (grammar). [From דרך, whence also Phoen. דרך, JAram. דַּרְכָּא, Mand. דירכא (= way).]

 

דַּרְכּוֹן ᴵ m.n. NH passport. [Formed from דֶּרֶךְ (= way), with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

דַּרְכּוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. דַּרְכּוֹנוֹת) an ancient Persian gold coin. [A collateral form of אֲדַרְכּוֹן.]

 

דַּרְכִּיָּה f.n. NH passport. [Formed from דֶּרֶךְ (= way), with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

דַּרְכְּמוֹן m.n. (pl. דַּרְכְּמָוֹנִים, also דַּרֽכְּמוֹנוֹת) 1 name of an ancient Persian gold coin. NH 2 name of a Greek coin. [Prob. a blend of Gk. dareikos (see אֲדַרְכּוֹן) and Gk. drachme, name of a silver coin (lit.: ‘a handful’), related to dragme (= handful), dragma (= a sheaf; lit.: ‘as much as one can grasp, a handful’), from the stem of drassesthai (= to clutch, grasp, seize).] Derivative: דַּרְכְּמוֹנִית.

 

דַּרְכְּמוֹנִית f.n. NH Tordylium (a genus of plants). [Formed from דַּרְכְּמוֹן; so called in allusion to the coin-like shape of the fruit.]

 

דרם to go or turn south.

    — Hiph. - הִדְרִים he went south, turned south. [Back formation from דָּרוֹם (= south).] Derivatives: הֵדְרָמָה, מֻדְרָם.

 

דְּרָמָה f.n. FW drama. [Gk. drama (= deed, act, action represented on the stage, drama), from dran (= to do, accomplish), which is related to drainein (= to be ready to do). cp. דְּרַסְטִי and the second element in מָלוֹדְרָמה.] Derivative: דְּרָמָתִי.

 

דְּרָמָטוּרְגְיָה f.n. FW dramaturgy. [Ger. Dramaturgie, from Gk. dramatourgia (= dramatic composition), from dramatourgos (= maker of plays, dramatist), which is compounded of drama (= drama) and ergon (= work). See דּֽרָמָה and אֶרְגְּ.]

 

דַּרְמַסְקִין m.n. PBH Damascus plum, damson. [From Gk. damaskanon, from Damaskos (= Damascus), from Heb. דַּמֶּשֶׂק. cp. ‘damson’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דְּרָמָתִי adj. FW dramatic. [Back formation from Gk. dramatikos (= dramatic), from drama (= drama). See דְּרָמָה and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: דְּרָמָתִיּוּת.

 

דְּרָמָתִיּוּת f.n. FW dramatic character. [Formed from דְּרָמָתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דֶּֽרֶן m.n. PBH 1 moth, mite. NH 2 larva (of beetles). [From Aram. דַּרְנָא (= moth), which is prob. related to Arab. darina (= was dirty, was filthy), daran (= dirt, filth; tubercles; tuberculosis, in VArab., moth).]

 

דרס to tread, trample.

    — Qal - דָּרַס 1 he trod, trod down, trampled; 2 he slaughtered by pressing the knife on the throat of the animal; 3 it (the bird or beast of prey) attacked with claws.

    — Niph. - נִדְרַס PBH 1 was trodden down, was trampled; MH 2 was attacked (by a bird or beast of prey); NH 3 was run over. [JAram. דְּרַס, Syr. דְּרַשׁ (= he trod, trampled), Arab. darasa (= he rubbed over, wiped out, blotted out, obliterated; he threshed (grains)). See דרשׁ.] Derivatives: דּוֹרֵס, דְּרָסָה, דּוֹרְסָנִי, דָּרוּס, דְּרִיסָה, הִדָּרְסוּת, מִדְרָס, מַדְרֵס, מִדְרָסָה.

 

דְּרָסָה f.n. PBH slaughtering by pressing the knife on the throat of the animal. [Verbal n. of דָּרַס. See דרס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דְּרַסְטִי adj. FW drastic. [Back formation from Gk. drastikos (= active, efficient, violent), from drastos (= done), verbal adj. of dran (= to do, accomplish). See דְּרָמָה.]

 

דְּרָקוֹן m.n. PBH dragon. [From Gk. dragon (= a kind of serpent; dragon), which prob. means lit. ‘the sharp-sighted one’, and is related to derkesthai (= to look at), from IE base *derk̑–, drk̑– (= to see, look at). See ‘dragon’ in my CEDEL.]

 

דְּרָקוֹנִי adj. FW dragonlike, cruel. [Formed from דְּרָקוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דרר ᴵ to free, liberate.

    — Qal - רָּרַר he freed; released from servitude, liberated.

    — Hiph. - הִדְרִיר (of s.m.).

    — Hoph. - הֻדְרַר was freed, was released, was liberated. [Denominated from דּֽרוֹר ᴵ.]

 

דרר ᴵᴵ to flow abundantly, to run swiftly. [According to Zimmern, borrowed from Arab. darra (= it ran swiftly). Possibly base of דְּרוֹר ᴵᴵ and דְּרוֹר ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

דְּרָרָא, דְּרָרָה f.n. PBH (resp. MH) affair, business. [The word דְּרָרָא prob. derives from base דרר, a collateral form of דור (= to move in a circle, turn round), and lit. means ‘that round which the question revolves’.]

 

דרשׁ to seek, inquire of, study, to expound.

    — Qal - דָּרַשׁ 1 he sought, consulted, inquired; 2 he asked for, demanded, required; 3 he sought with study, sought with application, followed; 4 he sought in prayer, sought in worship.

    — Niph. - נִדְרַשׁ 1 was required; 2 he let himself be inquired of (said only of God); 3 was sought out. [JAram.–Syr. דְּרַשׁ, Mand. דרשׁ (= he examines; he instructed, taught). Arab. darasa (= he learned, studied), Ethiop. darasa (= he expounded, interpreted), are Aram. loan words. The orig. meaning of this base prob. is ‘to tread, trample, rub’, hence ultimately identical with base דרס.] Derivatives: דְּרָשׁ, דְּרָשָׁה, דַּרְשָׁן, דָּרוּשׁ, דְּרוּשׁ, מִדְרָשׁ, מִדְרָשָׁה.

 

דְּרָשׁ m.n. MH homiletical interpretation of Scripture, exposition. [From דרשׁ.]

 

דְּרָשָׁה f.n. MH 1 homiletical interpretation, exposition. 2 homily, sermon. [Formed from דָּרַשׁ (see דרשׁ) with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. JAram. דְּרָשָׁא.]

 

דַּרְשָׁן m.n. PBH 1 expositor of Scripture. MH 2 preacher, lecturer. [Formed from דָּרַשׁ (see דרשׁ) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: דַּרְשָׁנוּת, דַּרְשָׁנִי.

 

דַּרְשָׁנוּת f.n. MH 1 homiletics. 2 preaching, exposition. [Formed from דַּרְשָׁן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דַּרְשָׁנִי adj. NH homiletic(al). [Formed from דַּרְשָׁן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דַּשׁ m.n. NH lapel. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from JAram. דַּשָּׁא (= doorway), which is prob. a contraction of דַּרְשָׁא (cp. Samaritan דרשה) and is related to Syr. דְּרַשׁ, Aram. דְרַס (= he trod, trampled). See דרס.]

 

דַּ״שׁ abbr. NH best regards. [Abbr. of דְּרִישַׁת שָׁלוֹם (of s.m.).]

 

דשׁא to sprout, shoot, grow.

    — Qal - דָּשָׁא it grew green, sprouted.

    — Niph. - נִדְשָׁא was covered with grass.

    — Hiph. - הִדְשִׁיא caused to sprout, caused to grow (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 1:11).

    — Hoph. - הֻדְשָׁא was made to sprout, was made to grow. [Akka. dishū (= to swell, grow, sprout), Arab. thadiya (= is moist). According to several scholars denominated from דֶּשֶׁא.] Derivatives: דֶּשֶׁא, דָּשׁוּא, מְדֻשָּׁא.

 

דֶּשֶׁא m.n. green grass, green herbage. [From דשא. cp. Aram. דִּתְאָא, דִּתְאָה, Syr. תַּדְאָה (= grass), Arab. tha’ad and datha’iyy (= vernal rain), OSArab. דתא (= season of grass, spring), Akka. dish’u (= spring).] Derivatives: דִּשְׁאָה, דָּשִׁיא, מִדְשָׁאָה.

 

דִּשְׁאָה f.n. NH grass field, lawn. [Formed from דֶּשֶׁא with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. מִדְשָׁאָה.]

 

דִּשְׁדּוּשׁ f.n. NH treading, trampling. [Verbal n. of דִּשְׁדֵּשׁ. See דשׁדשׁ.]

 

דשׁדשׁ to tread, trample.

    — Pilp. - דִּשְׁדֵּשׁ he trod, trampled. [Pilp. of דָּשׁ (= he trod, trampled); see דושׁ. For other Pilp. verbs formed from verbs ע״ע cp. בזבז and words there referred to.] Derivative: דִּשְׁדּוּשׁ.

 

דָּשׁוּא adj. NH covered with grass. [Pass. part. of דָּשָׁא. See דשא.]

 

דִּשּׁוּן m.n. PBH 1 removal of ashes (from the altar). NH 2 fertilization. [Verbal n. of דִּשֵּׁן (= he fattened), Pi. of דשׁן.]

 

דָּשּׁוּן adj. MH fat, fresh. [Pass. part. of דָּשַׁן. See דשׁן.]

 

דָּשׁוֹשׁ m.n. PBH (pl. דָּשׁוֹשׁוֹת) groats maker. [From דשׁשׁ.]

 

דָּשׁוּשׁ adj. NH trodden, pounded. [Pass. part. of דָּשַׁשׁ. See דשׁשׁ.]

 

דָּשִׁיא adj. NH grassy. [From דֶּשֶׁא.]

 

דְּשִׁישָׁה f.n. NH treading, pounding. [Verbal n. of דָּשַׁשׁ. See דשׁשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

דשׁן to be fat, grow fat.

    — Qal - דָּשֵׁן he grew fat.

    — Niph. - נִדְשַׁן was made fat, was fattened.

    — Pi. - דִּשֵּׁן 1 he made fat, fattened; 2 he removed the ashes.

    — Pu. - דֻּשַּׁן 1 was made fat, was fattened; 2 was satisfied, was made happy.

    — Nith. - נִדַּשֵּׁן נִתְדַּשֵּׁן MH 1 was turned into ashes; grew fat.

    — Hoth. - הֻדַּשֵּׁן was made fat (an irregular form occurring Is. 34:6). [Arab. dasima (= was fat), Akka. dashnu (= mighty, powerful).] Derivatives: דָּשֵׁן (adj.), דֶּשֶׁן, דּשֶׁן, דִּשּׁוּן, דָּשׁוּן.

 

דָּשֵׁן adj. fat, fresh, vigorous. [From דשׁן. cp. Akka. dushshumu.] Derivative: דְּשֵׁנוּת.

 

דֶּֽשֶׁן m.n. 1 fat, fatness. 2 ashes from the altar. [From דשׁן. According to Barth, דֶּשֶׁן stands for דֵּשֶׁן.] Derivative: דָּשְׁנִי.]

 

דֹּֽשֶן m.n. PBH fatness, fat land. [From דשׁן.]

 

דַּשְׁנוּנִי adj. NH fat, abounding, full. [Formed from דשׁן through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דְּשֵׁנוּת f.n. MH fatness. [Formed from דָּשֵׁן (adj.), with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

דִּשְׁנִי adj. MH oleaginous. [Formed from דֶּשֶׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

דשׁשׁ to tread, trample, pound.

    — Qal - דָּשַׁשׁ PBH 1 he pounded (grain); NH 2 he trod, trampled. [A base collateral with דושׁ ᴵ.] Derivatives: דָּשׁוֹשׁ, דָּשׁוּשׁ, דְּשִׁישָׁה.

 

דָּת f.n. (pl. דָּתוֹת, also דָּתִים) 1 decree, law, usage. 2 religion. [Together with BAram. דָּת, דָּתָא, Syr. דָּתָא (= decree, law), borrowed from Old Pers. dāta– (= law), which derives from IE base * dhō–, *dhē–, *dh– (= to put, place; to do, make).] Derivative: דָּתִי.

 

דָּתִי adj. MH 1 pious, orthodox. NH 2 pertaining to religion, religious. [Formed from דָּת with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: דָּתִיּוּת.

 

דָּתִיּוּת f.n. NH 1 piety. 2 religiosity, religiousness. [Formed from דָּתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]