ע ‘Ayin’ — the sixteenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Lit. meaning ’eye‘, and so called in allusion to the ancient form of this letter. In PBH it has the numerical value seventy. ע alternates with א (see introductory entry to letter א), with ח (see introductory entry to letter ח) and with ק. cp. BAram. אַרְקָא and Aram. אַרֽעָא (= earth; see אֶרֶץ); Heb. קִטֵּר (= he caused to smoke), and Aram. עֲטַר (= it smoked); cp. also Arab. qaṭrān (= tar), borrowed from Aram. עִטֽרָנָא (of s.m.); עַטְלִיז, from אִטֽלִיז (= butcher shop), from Gk. katalysis. In some rare cases the ע disappeared: cp. private name רוּת, prob. contracted from רֽעוּת, and בִּי (= please), which was possibly contracted from בּֽעִי (see בִּי ᴵᴵ).

עָב ᴵ m.n. (pl. עָבִים, also עָבוֹת) cloud. [From עוב.] Derivations: עבב, עָבִיב.

עָב ᴵᴵ adj. thick. [From עבה. cp. עָבֶה.]

עָב ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. thicket (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 4:29). [From עבה.]

עָב ᴵⱽ, עֹב m.n. (pl. עֻבִּים) beam, rafter (occurring in the Bible only Kin. I 7:6, Ezek. 41:25). [Of uncertain origin and meaning.]

עבב to cover with clouds.
    — Pi. - עִבֵּב he covered with clouds.
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱבִיב (of s.m.). [Incorrectly formed from עָב ᴵ.]

עבד to work; to serve.
    — Qal. - עָבַד v. 1 he worked, labored, tilled, cultivated (the soil); 2 he served. 3 he worshiped.
    — Niph. - נֶעֱבַד . 1 was tilled, was cultivated; PBH 2 was worshiped; PBH 3 was dressed, was tanned (said of hides).
    — Pi. - עִבֵּד 1 he cultivated; 2 he dressed, tanned (said of hides); he elaborated, adapted.
    — Pu. - עֻבַּד 1 was worked; PBH 2 was dressed, was tanned (said of hides); NH 3 was elaborated, adapted.
    — Nith. - הִתְעַבְּד, נִתְעַבֵּד 1 was worked; 2 was dressed, was tanned (said of hides); NH 3 was adapted.
    — Shiph. (see . - שִׁעְבֵּד ).
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱבִיד 1 he caused to work, made to serve; 2 he enslaved.
    — Hoph. - הָעֳבַד was made to serve. [Aram. (also BAram.) and Syr. עֲבַד (= he worked, did, performed, made), whence BAram. עֲבֵד, Aram. and Syr. עַבֽדָּא (= slave, servant), Ugar. bd (= to work, serve, worship), Arab. ‘abada (= he served, worshiped, obeyed), whence ‘abd (= slave, worshiper), OSArab. עבד (= servant), Ethiop. ‘abbaṭa (= he imposed forced labor), Akka. abdu (= slave). Derivatives: עֶבֶד, עֲבָד, עֲבֻדָּה, עַבְּדָן, עַבְדוּת, עָבוּד, עִבּוּד, עֲבוֹדָה, עוֹבֵד, הַעֲבָדָה, מֽעֻבָּד, מַעְבָּדָה, מַעֲבִיד, תַּעְבּוּד. cp. עֲבַד, עַבְדָּא, עֻבְדָּא.

עֶֽבֶד m.n. 1 servant; 2 slave, bondman; 3 worshipper. [From בעד.]

עֲבָד m.n. deed, work, action (a hapax legomenon occurring Eccles. 9:1 in the form עֲבָדֵיהֶם). [According to some scholars, an aramaism. cp. Syr. עֲבָד, עֲבָדָא (= deed, work, action), from עֲבַד (= he did), and see עבד.]

עֲבַד tr. v. PBH he made, he did. [BAram. and Aram., corresponding to Heb. עָבַד. See עבד and cp. עַבְדָּא, עֻבֽדָּא. cp. also בְּדִיעֲבַד.]

עַבְדָּא m.n. PBH servant; slave. [Aram. and Syr., denominated from עֲבַד (q.v.). cp. עֶבֶד.]

עֻבְדָּא PBH, עֻבְדָּה NH 1 deed, act. 2 occurrence. 3 fact. [From Aram. עוֹבָדָא, Syr. עֲבָדָא (= work, fact, deed), from עֲבַד (= he did).] Derivative: עֻבֽדָּתִי.

עֲבֻדָּה f.n. household servants (occurring in the Bible only Gen. 26:14 and Job 1:3). [From עבד.]

עַבְדוּת f.n. slavery, servitude, bondage (in the Bible occurring only Ez. 9:8 following and Neh. 9:17). [Formed from עבד with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Syr. עַבְדוּתָא (of s.m.).] Derivative: עַבְדוּתִי.

עַבְדוּתִי adj. NH slavish, servile. [Formed from עַבְדוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

עַבְּדָן m.n. PBH 1 tanner. NH 2 manufacturer. [Formed from עִבֵּד, Pi. of עבד, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: עַבְּדָנוּת.

עַבְּדָנוּת f.n. PBH 1 tanning. NH 2 manufacture. [Formed from עַבְּדָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

עַבְדְּקָן adj. PBH thick-bearded. [Aram., compounded of עַב (= Heb. עָב, עָבֶה, ‘thick’), and דּֽקַן (= Heb. זָקָן, ‘beard’). cp. זַלֽדְּקָן.]

עֻבְדָּתִי adj. NH factual, objective. [Formed from עֻבְדָּה with suff. ◌ִי.]

עבה to be thick.
    — Qal. - עָבָה was thick.
    — Niph. - נַעֲבָה became thick.
    — Pi. - עִבָּה PBH 1 he made thick; MH 2 he condensed.
    — Pu. - עֻבָּה PBH 1 was made thick; NH 2 was condensed.
    — Hith. - הִתְעַבָּה NH 1 was made thick; NH 2 was condensed. [Syr. עֲבִי (= was thick), Egypt.-Aram. עביא (= thickness), Arab. ghabiya (= was stupid, was ignorant), Ethiop. ‘abya (= was large), Akka. ebu (= thick), mūbu (= thickness). cp. עוב.] Derivatives: עָה (adj.), עָבֶה, עִבּוּי, עֲבִי, עֹבִי, הִתְעַבּוּת, מַעֲבֶה, מְעֻבֶּה, מַעֲבִית and the first element in עַבֽדּֽקָן.

עָבֶה adj. PBH thick. [From עבה. cp. עָב, adj.] Derivative: עָבוּת.

עָבוּד adj. PBH cultivated, prepared. [Pass. part. of עָבַד. See עבד and cp. עוֹבֵד.]

עִבּוּד m.n. PBH 1 cultivation; PBH 2 dressing (of hides). NH 3 elaboration, adaptation [Verbal n. of עִבֵּד, Pi. of עבד.]

עֲבוֹדָה f.n. 1 work, labor. 2 deed, action. 3 service. 4 divine service, worship. PBH 5 ‘abodah’, the first of the last three benedictions of the ‘Amidah’. MH 6 liturgy for the ‘Musaph’ service on the Day of Atonement. [From עבד.]

עֲבוֹט m.n. (pl. עֲבוֹטִים, also עֲבוֹטוֹת) pledge, pawn (in the Bible occurring only Deut. 24:10–13). [From עבט ᴵ.]

עָבוּט adj. NH pledged. [Pass. part. of עָבַט. See עבט ᴵ.]

עִבּוּי m.n. MH thickening. [Verbal n. of עִבָּה, Pi. of עבה.]

עֲבוּר ᴵ m.n. produce, yield (in the Bible occurring only Josh. 5:11). [Related to Aram.–Syr. עֲבוּרָא, Akka. ebūru (= yield). cp. next word. and שׁבר ᴵᴵ.]

עֲבוּר ᴵᴵ prep. (in the Bible mostly used with the pref. בּֽ◌, i.e. בַּעֲבוּר) on account of, because of, for the sake off. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from עֲבוּר ᴵ and orig. meaning ‘for the produce of’.]

עִבּוּר ᴵ m.n. 1 pregnancy, conception. 2 growth. 3 intercalation. 4 suburbs. [Verbal n. of עִבֵּר, Pi. of עבר ᴵᴵ.]

עִבּוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH transgression, trespass (used only in the phrases עִבּוּר־דִּין, ‘transgression of the law’, עִבּוּר־צוּרָה, ‘disfigurement’). [Verbal n. of עִבֵּר, Pi. of עבר ᴵ.]

עִבּוּר ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. NH hebraization. [From עִבֽרִית (= the Hebrew language). cp. עִבֽרוּר.]

עִבּוּשׁ m.n. NH mold, mildew. [From עבשׁ.]

עָבוֹת ᴵ m.n. pl. of עָב (= cloud).

עָבוֹת ᴵᴵ adj. see עָבֹת.

עֲבוֹת m. & f.n. (pl. עֲבוֹתִים, also עֲבוֹתוֹת) 1 rope, cord. 2 interwoven foliage. [From עבת.]

עָבוּת f.n. MH thickness. [Formed from עָבֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

עִבּוּת m.n. NH rope-making. [Verbal n. of עִבֵּת, Pi. of עבת.]

עבט ᴵ to take a pledge, to pawn.
    — Qal - עָבַט he gave or took a pledge.
    — Niph. - נֶעֱבַט was taken in pledge.
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱבִיט he lent on pledge.
    — Hoph. - הָעֳבַט was taken in pledge. [Aram. עבט (= was taken in pledge), Akka. ubbuṭu (= to be pledged).] Derivatives: עֲבוֹט, עָבוּט, הַעֲבָטָה מַעֲבָטָה, prob. also עַבֽטִיט.

עבט ᴵᴵ to entangle, confuse.
    — Pi. - עִבֵּט he entangled, confused (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Joel 2:7 in the form יֽעַבּֽטוּן).
    — Pu. - עֻבַּט was entangled, was confused. [Syr. עֲבַט (= was dense). cp. Arab. ‘ abaṭa (= he rent a garment, dug up). Prob. related to עבת, עות.]

עֲבָט m.n. PBH vessel, pot. [A secondary form of עֲבִיט.]

עַבְטִיט m.n. pledge (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hab. 2:6 and prob. meaning ‘pledged’). [Prob. related to עֲבוֹט.]

עֲבִי m.n. thickness (in the Bible occurring Job 15:26 and Chron. II 4:17). [From. עבה. cp. עֹבִי.]

עֹֽבִי m.n. thickness. [From עבה. cp. עֲבִי.]

עָבִיב m.n. NH little cloud, cloudlet. [Dimin. of עָב ᴵ.]

עָבִיד adj. NH workable. [Coined from עבד (= to work), according to the pattern פָּעִיל which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: עֲבִידוּת.

עֲבִידוּת f.n. NH workability. [Formed from עָבִיד with suff. ◌וּת.]

עַבָּיָה f.n. NH ‘abbayah’ (Arab cloak). [From Arab. ‘ abbayah (of s.m.).]

עָבִיט ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 chamber pot. 2 vessel. [Of uncertain origin. Some scholars connect this word with אַמֽבָּט (q.v.). According to them אַמֽבָּט (= bathtub) is not a Greek loan word, but was enlarged from Aram. אַבֽטָא (= bathtub), which is related to Arab. ’ibṭ, ’ibiṭ (= deepening, hollowing, cavity, pit; the deepest or inmost part of something).]

עָבִיט ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH camel saddle. [Related to Aram. עֲבִיטָא, Arab. ghabīṭ (of s.m.).]

עָבִיר adj. NH passable, crossable, navigable. [Formed from עבר (= to pass), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: עֲבִירוּת.

עֲבִירָה f.n. PBH passing, crossing. [Verbal n. of עָבַר (= he passed). See עבר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

עֲבִירוּת f.n. NH passability, crossability, navigability. [Formed from עָבִיר (= passable, crossable, navigable), with suff. ◌וּת.]

עַבָּ״ם m.n. NH ‘UFO’ (unidentified flying object). [Formed from the initials of the words עֶצֶם בִּלְתִּי מְזֹהֶה (= lit.: ‘unidentified object’).]

עבר ᴵ to pass, pass over, cross over.
    — Qal. - עָבַר 1 he passed, passed over, crossed over, traversed; 2 he passed beyond, passed by; 3 he proceeded, traveled; 4 he emigrated.
    — Niph. - נֶעֱבַר was transgressed, was trespassed.
    — Pi. - עִבֵּר 1 he made to pass across (occurring only Kin. I 6:21); PBH 2 he passed over; PBH 3 he transgressed, trespassed.
    — Pu. - עֻבַּר (occurring in the phrase עֻבְּרָה צוּרָתוֹ, ‘was disfigured’).
    — Hiph. - הָעֱבִיר 1 he caused to pass over, caused to pass through, transferred; 2 he caused to pass away, took away; 3 he removed; PBH 4 he overlooked, pardoned.
    — Hoph. - הָעֳבַר 1 was taken across, was transferred; 2 was removed.
    — Nith. - הִתֽעַבֵּר, נִתְעַבֵּר was caused to pass over, was transferred. Derivatives. עוֹבֵר, עָבָר, עֵבֶר, עֲבָרָה, עֲבֵרָה, עִבּוּר ᴵ, עָבִיר, עֲבִירָה, עֲבַרֽיָן, הַעֲבָרָה, הִתֽעַבּֽרוּת, מַעֲבָר, מָעֳבָר, מַעֽבָּרָה, מַעֲבִיר, מַעֽבֹּרֶת ᴵ, מַעֽבֹּרֶת ᴵᴵ, תַּעֲבוּרָה, תַּעֲבִירִית, prob. also עבר ᴵᴵ. cp. also עבר ᴵᴵᴵ. [Aram.–Syr. עֲבַר, Arab. ‘abara (= he passed over, crossed over), Akka. ebēru (= to pass over, cross over).]

עבר ᴵᴵ to cause to be pregnant.
    — Pi. - עִבֵּר 1 he caused to be pregnant, impregnated. PBH 2 he intercalated (a month or year).
    — Pu. - עֻבְּרָה was made pregnant.
    — Nith. - נִתְעַבְּרָה was made pregnant; נִתֽעֵבֵּר (the month) was intercalated, (the year) became leap. [Aram. עַבֵּר (= he caused to be pregnant). Prob. special sense development of עבר ᴵ. For sense development cp. עִדּוּי.] Derivatives: עֻבָּר, עֻבָּרָה, עִבּוּר ᴵ, הִתְעַבּֽרוּת, מְעֻבָּר, מֽעֻבֶּרֶת.

עבר ᴵᴵᴵ to become angry, to be wrothful.
    — Hith. - הִתְעַבֵּר he was arrogant, became furious. [Base of עֶבֽרָה (= anger, fury), and of Aram. תֵּעֲבוּרָא (of s.m.). Usually derived from עבר ᴵ and lit. meaning ‘to be carried away (by anger)’. Some scholars connect it with Arab. gharb (= passion, violence). Others compare Arab. ghabira (= he bore ill-will).] Derivative: עֶבֽרָה.

עבר ᴵⱽ to hebraize.
    — Pi. - עִבֵּר hebraized.
    — Hith. - הִתְעַבֵּר was hebraized. (cp. עברר, עברת.) [Denominated from עִבֽרִי (= Hebrew).]

עָבָר m.n. MH past, past tense. [From עָבַר (= passed). See עבר ᴵ.]

עֵֽבֶר m.n. region beyond, side. [From עבר ᴵ. cp. BAram. עֲבַר נַהֲרָא, Akka. Ebir nāri (= the opposite bank of the River Euphrates).]

עֻבָּר m.n. PBH embryo. [From עבר ᴵᴵ.]

עֻבָּרָה f.n. PBH a pregnant woman. [Shortened from מֽעֻבָּרָה, part. of עֻבּֽרָה, Pu. of עבר ᴵᴵ. cp. מוּעָט (= small, scanty), contraction of מְמֻעָט (see מוּעָט).]

עֲבָרָה f.n. 1 ford, passage. 2 transition, passing. [From עבר ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

עֲבֵרָה f.n. PBH transgression, trespass, sin. [Properly verbal n. of עָבַר. See עבר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

עֶבְרָה f.n. (pl. עֲבָרוֹת) anger, wrath, fury. [From עבר ᴵᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

עִבְרוּר m.n. NH hebraization. [Verbal n. of עִבֽרֵר. See עברר and cp. עִבּוּר ᴵⱽ.]

עִבְרוּת f.n. NH hebraization. [Verbal n. of עִבְרֵת. See עברת.]

עִבְרִי m.n. & adj. 1 Hebrew. NH 2 Jew. [Nomen gentilicium, of uncertain origin. According to some scholars formed from proper name עֵבֶר (= Eber), grandson of Arpachshad, with gentilic suff. ◌ִי. According to others formed from עֲבֶר (= side), with suff. ◌ִי, and lit. meaning ‘one from beyond the Euphrates’). It is possible that the Akka. name Ḫabiru, used to denote various groups of invaders of Palestine, mentioned in the TA letters from the 19th and 18th centuries BCE, is connected with the word עִבֽרִי. The name Ḫabiru is prob. a blend of the pl. part. of base ḫ-b-r (= to pass, wander), corresponding to Heb. עבר ᴵ (q.v.), and of Heb. עִבְרִי, which itself derives from the stem of עבר ᴵ (vide supra). Since there is no ‘ayin in the Akkadian, this letter is usually rendered in Akka. nouns of Heb. origin by ḫ. cp. Akka. Ḫumri (= Heb. עָמְרִי), Akka. ḫaparu (= Heb. עָפָר, ‘dust’), Akka. ḫullu (= עֹל, ‘yoke’), Akka. zuruḫ (= Heb. זֽרוֹעַ, ‘arm’). See ‘Habiru’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: עִבְרוּת, עִבְרִיּוּת, עִבְרִית, עבר ᴵⱽ, עברר, עברת. cp. שׁעבר.

עִבְרִיּוּת f.n. NH Hebrew character. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from עִבְרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

עֲבַרְיָן m.n. PBH transgressor, sinner. [From עבר ᴵ. cp. Aram. עֲבַרְיָנָא (of s.m.). For sense development cp. עֲבֵרָה.] Derivative: עֲבַרְיָנוּת.

עֲבַרְיָנוּת f.n. MH transgression. [Formed from עֲבַרֽיָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

עִבְרִית f.n. PBH 1 the Aramaic language spoken by the Jews in the time of the Tannaim and Amoraim. NH 2 the Hebrew language. [f. of עִבְרִי.] Derivatives: עִבְרִיתָן, עברת.

עִבְרִיתָן m.n. NH Hebraist. — [Formed from עִבְרִית with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

עברר to hebraize.
    — Pil. - עִבְדֵר he hebraized.
    — Hithpalp. - הִתְעַבְרֵר was hebraized. [Coined by Ithamar Ben-Avi (1882–1943) from עִבְרִי through the reduplication of the third radical of the stem of this word.]

עברת to hebraize.
    — Pi. - עִבְרֵת he hebraized.
    — Pu. - עֻבְרַת was hebraized.
    — Nith. - נִתְעַבְרֵת (of s.m.). [Denominated from עִבְרִית.] Derivative: עִבְרוּת.

עבשׁ to shrivel, to grow moldy.
    — Qal - עָבַשׁ it shriveled, it grew moldy (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Joel 1:17 in the form עָבְשׁוּ).
    — Pi. - עִבֵּשׁ it made moldy.
    — Pu. - עֻבַּשׁ was made moldy.
    — Nith. - נִתְעַבֵּשׁ (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱבִישׁ 1 made moldy; 2 became moldy. [Arab. ‘abisa (= it shriveled); prob. related to עפשׁ.] Derivatives: עָבֵשׁ, עֹבֶשׁ, עָבוּשׁ, עִבּוּשׁ, עַבְשׁוּת.

עָבֵשׁ adj. MH moldy, mildewed. [From עבשׁ.]

עֹֽבֶשׁ m.n. NH mold, moldiness. [From עבשׁ.]

עַבְשׁוּת f.n. MH moldiness. [Formed from עבשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

עבת to pervert, to wind.
    — Pi. - עִבֵּת 1 he perverted (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Micah 7:3 in the form זַיְעַבְּתזּהָ); MH 2 he wound, entangled; NH 3 he bound, tied.
    — Pu. - עֻבַּת was wound, was entangled.
    — Hith. - הִתְעַבֵּת was wound, was entangled. [Related to עות, prob. also to עבט ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: עֲבוֹת, עָבֹת, עִבּוּת.

עָבֹת, עָבוֹת adj. thick, bushy, dense, interwoven, entangled. [From עבת.]

עגב to love, desire.
    — Qal. - עָגַב he loved, desired, made love.
    — Pi. - עִגֵּב (of s.m.). [Arab. ‘ajiba (= he wondered, marveled, was astonished), ’a‘jaba (= he pleased, delighted somebody).] Derivatives: עֶגֶב, עָגָב, עֲגָבָה, עַגְבוּת, עַגְבָן, עַגְבָנִיָּה, עַגֶּבֶת, עוֹגֵב prob. also עוּגָב.

עֶֽגֶב, עָגָב m.n. sensual love (in the Bible occurring only in the pl. עֲגָבִים, Ezek. 33:31–32). [From עגב.]

עֲגָבָה f.n. lustfulness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 23:11 in the form עַגֽבָתָהּ). [Formed from עגב with first suff. ◌ָה.]

עַגְבוּת f.n. MH sexual desire. [Formed from עגב with suff. ◌וּת.]

עַגְבָן m.n. NH lover, philanderer. [Formed from עגב with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: עַגְבָנוּת, עַגֽבָנִי.

עַגְבָנוּת f.n. NH sensual love, lust. [Formed from עַגְבָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

עַגְבָנִי adj. NH sensual, lusty, sexual. [Formed from עַגְבָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

עַגְבָנִיָּה f.n. NH tomato. [Formed from עגב (= to love), on the analogy of Fren. pomme d’amour, Eng. love apple, etc., popular names of the tomato.]

עַגֶּֽבֶת f.n. NH syphilis. [Coined from עגב (= to love), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.] Derivative: עֲגַבְתִּי.

עֲגַבְתִּי adj. NH syphilitic. [Formed from עַגֶּבֶת with suff. ◌ִי.]

עָגָה f.n. PBH vulgar dialect, slang. [Of uncertain origin.]

עֻגָּה see עוּגָה.

עִגּוּל m.n. PBH 1 something round; cake (of figs). MH 2 circle. [Properly verbal n. of עִגֵּל, Pi. of עגל.] Derivative: עִגּוּלִי.

עִגּוּלִי adj. MH round, circular. [Formed from עִגּוּל with suff. ◌ִי.]

עָגוּם adj. PBH sad, sorrowful, gloomy, depressed. [Properly pass. part. of עָגַם. See עגם.]

עָגוּן adj. MH deserted (orig. used only in the f. עֲגוּנָה, in the sense of a deserted wife, i.e. a wife whose husband has disappeared). [Lit.: ‘bound’, ‘cast into prison’, from Aram. עֲגַן. See עגן ᴵ.] Derivative: עֲגִינוּת.

עִגּוּן ᴵ m.n. MH desertion (of a wife); condition of being deserted. [Properly verbal n. of עִגֵּן, Pi. of עגן ᴵ. cp. Aram. עִגּוּנָא (= desertion of a wife).]

עִגּוּן ᴵᴵ m.n. MH anchoring, anchorage, [Verbal n. of עִגֵּן, Pi. of עגן ᴵᴵ.]

עֲגוּנָה f.n. PBH see עָגוּן.

עָגוּר m.n. crane (the bird); (in the Bible occurring only Is. 38:14 and Jer. 8:7). [Prob. related to Akka. igiru (a kind of bird; possibly the swan).] Derivative: עֲגוּרָן.

עֲגוּרָן m.n. NH crane (for lifting). [Formed from עָגוּר with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: עֲגוּרָנַאי.

עֲגוּרָנַאי m.n. NH crane operator. [Formed from עֲגוּרָן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

עָגִיל m.n. 1 earring (Num. 31:50, Ezek. 16:12). NH 2 circle. NH 3 catkin (botany). [From עגל.]

עֲגִילוּת f.n. MH roundness. [From עָגֹל. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

עֲגִינָה f.n. NH anchoring, anchorage. [Verbal n. of עָגַן. See עגן ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

עֲגִינוּת f.n. MH condition of being deserted, desertion. [Formed from עָגוּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

עגל to circle, be round.
    — Qal - עָגַל he made round, made a circle.
    — Niph. - נֶעְגַּל was rounded.
    — Pi. - עִגֵּל PBH 1 he drew a circle; NH 2 he rounded off; PBH 3 he rolled (tr. v.).
    — Pu. - עֻגַּל was rounded.
    — Hith. - הִתְעַגֵּל 1 was made round; 2 he rolled (intr. v.).
    — Pil. - עִרְגֵּל (see ערגל). [Aram. עֲגַל (= was round), Syr. עַגֵּל (= he rolled), Aram.–Syr. עַרְגֵּל (= he rolled), Arab. ‘ajala (= he rolled).] Derivatives: עָגֹל, עֹגֶל, עִגּוּל, עָגִיל, הַעֲגָלָה, הִתְעַגּֽלוּת, מַעְגִּיל, מַעֽגִּילָה, מַעְגָּל, מְעַגֵּל prob. also עֵגֶל and עֲגָלָה. cp. ערגל.

עֵֽגֶל m.n. calf. Prob. from עגל. cp. Pun. עגל, Aram.–Syr. עֶגְלָא, Arab. ‘ijl, Ethiop. ‘egel (= calf). Derivative: עֶגְלָה.

עֹֽגֶל m.n. MH roundness. [From עגל.]

עָגֹל adj. round, rounded. [From עגל.] Derivatives: עֲגִילוּת, עֲגַלֽגַּל.

עֲגָלָא m.n. PBH speed. [See נָלָא[[illegible]].]

עֲגַלְגַּל adj. PBH round, ova[[illegible]] [Formed from עגל through reduplication of the second and third radical. For the form cp. סֽגַלֽגַּל.] Derivative: עֲגַלְגַּלּוּת.

עֲגַלְגַּלּוּת f.n. NH roundness, rotundity. [Formed from עֲגַלֽגַּל with suff. ◌וּת.]

עֶגְלָה f.n. young cow, heifer. [f. of עֵגֶל. cp. Aram. עֶגְלֽתָא or עֲגַלְתָּא, Ugar. ‘glt (= young cow, heifer).]

עֲגָלָה f.n. chariot, cart, carriage. [Prob. derived from עגל (= to be round), and so called from the roundness of the wheels. cp. Phoen. עגלת, Aram. עֲגֵלֽתָּא, Syr. עָגַלְתָּא (= chariot, cart, carriage). Egypt. ‘agarata is a Semitic loan word. Derivatives: עֶגְלוֹן, עַגֽלָן.

עֶגְלוֹן m.n. MH 1 coachman, driver. NH 2 the Charioteer (astronomy). [Formed from עֲגָלָה with agential suff. ◌וֹן. (In the Bible עֶגְלוֹן is the PN of 1 a King of Moab; 2 of a town in the territory of the tribe of Judah).] Derivatives: עֶגְלוֹנוּת, עֶגְלוֹנִי.

עֶגְלוֹנוּת f.n. NH coachmanship. [Formed from עֶגְלוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

עֶגְלוֹנִי adj. NH coachmanlike. [Formed from עֶגְלוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

עַגְלָן m.n. MH 1 coachman. NH 2 coachmaker, cartwright. [Formed from עֲגָלָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

עגם to be grieved.
    — Qal - עָגַם was grieved, was sad, was gloomy, was depressed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring in the form עָגְמָה, Job 30:25).
    — Niph. - נֶעֱגַם was grieved, was sad, was sorry.
    — Pi. - עִגֵּם he saddened, caused sorrow, distressed.
    — Hith. - הִתְעַגֵּם became sad, became distressed.
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱגִים he caused sorrow, distressed. [Aram.–Syr. עֲגַם (= was grieved), Akka. agāmu (= to be grieved, be vexed). cp. אָגֵם.] Derivatives: עָגוּם, עֶגֶם, עֹגֶם, עַגְמָה, עַגְמוּמִי, עַגְמִימוּת, הִתְעַגּֽמוּת, מְעֻגָּם.

עֶֽגֶם, עֹֽגֶם m.n. MH resp. NH grief, sadness, sorrow. [From עגם.]

עָגֽמָה f.n. PBH grief, sadness, sorrow. [Orig. occurring in the phrase עָגְמַת נֶפֶשׁ (of s.m.). Formed from עגם, with first suff. ◌ָה.]

עַגְמוּמִי adj. NH sorrowful, distressful. [Formed from עגם through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

עַגְמִימוּת f.n. NH sadness, sorrow, grief, distress. [Formed from עגם with reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

עגן ᴵ MH shut oneself in; to be shut in; to be deserted.
    — Niph. - נֶעֱגַן he was deserted (by his wife); נָעֶגֽנָה 1 she shut herself in (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ruth 1:13 in the form תֵּעָגֵנָה); 2 she was deserted (by her husband).
    — Pi. - עִגֵּן he deserted (his wife).
    — Pu. - עֻגַּן he was deserted (by his wife); עֻגְּנָה NH she was deserted (by her husband).
    — Nith. - נִתֽעַגֵּן he was deserted (by his wife); נִתֽעַגְּנָה she was deserted (by her husband). [Aram. עֲגַן (= he shut up, cast into prison), Arab. ’a‘jama (= he shut up).] Derivatives: עָגוּן, עִגּוּן ᴵ, עֲגִינָה, עֲגִינוּת, הַעֲגָנָה ᴵ, הֵעָגְנוּת ᴵ, מֽעֻגָּן.

עגן ᴵᴵ to anchor.
    — Qal - עָגַן he anchored.
    — Niph. - נֶעֱגַן was anchored.
    — Pi. - עִגֵּן he anchored.
    — Pu. - עֻגַּן was anchored.
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱגִין he anchored, cast anchor. [Denominated from עֹגֶן.] Derivatives: הַעֲגָנָה ᴵᴵ, הֵעָגְנוּת ᴵᴵ, מַעֲגָן, מְעֻגָּן.

עְֹגֶן m.n. NH anchor. [From Talmudic הוֹגִין, עוֹגִין, which is prob. borrowed from Gk. onkinos (= hook), from onkos (of s.m.), which stands in gradational relationship to Gk. ankos (= a bend, hollow), ankon (= bend of the arm, elbow), ankulos (= crooked, curved), ankula (= anchor). See אוּנְקָל. Derivative: עגן ᴵᴵ.

עגעג to peck, pick holes. [Of uncertain origin.] Pilp. עִגְעֵג PBH it pecked, picked holes.

עַד ᴵ prep. & conj. 1 to, unto, up to, even to. 2 until, while. [Older form עֲדֵי (which is preserved in poetry). From עדה ᴵᴵ. Related to BAram. and Aram.–Syr. עַד, Ugar. ‘d, OSArab. עד, עדו, עדי, Akka. ad, adi (= until). cp. the second element in בִּלְעֲדֵי and the first element in עַבֽשָׁו.]

עַד ᴵᴵ m.n. eternity, perpetuity. [Prob., like עַד ᴵ, derived from עדה ᴵᴵ and lit. meaning ‘progress in time’. According to some scholars, however, עַד ᴵᴵ is related to Arab. ghad (= morning), taken in the sense ‘late future’.] Derivative: עַדְעָד.

עַד ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. booty. [Prob. derived from עדה ᴵᴵ in the transitive sense ‘to take away, tear away, remove’. cp. Aram. עֲדָאָה, עֲדִיתָא (= booty).]

עֵד ᴵ m.n. 1 witness. 2 testimony. [From עוד.] Derivative: עֵדָה ᴵᴵ.

עֵד ᴵᴵ m.n. (pl. עִדִּים) . 1 menstruation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 64:5 in the pl.). 2 piece of cloth used by menstruants to ascertain their condition of cleanness. [Prob. derived from base עדד (q.v.). Occurring also in Arab. ‘adda (= he counted, reckoned), ‘idda (= number, period). cp. עִדָּן. cp. also עתד.]

עדד to count, reckon. Base of עֵד ᴵᴵ. [This base appears also in Arab‘ adda (= he counted, reckoned), i‘tadda (= he regarded, considered, reckoned; he prepared himself), ‘adad, ‘idād, ‘idda (= number). cp. עתד, a secondary formation from עדד.]

עדה ᴵ to ornament.
    — Qal - עָדָה he adorned, decked himself with ornaments.
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱדָה he adorned, bedecked, bejeweled.
    — Hith. - הִתְעַדָּה he bedecked himself, bejeweled himself. [Base of עֲדִי, Aram. עֲדִיתָא (= ornament, jewel).] Derivatives: עָדוּי, possibly also עִדִּית. cp. עִדּוּי.

עדה ᴵᴵ to pass by.
    — Qal - עָדָה passed over (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 28:8).
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱדָה he removed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 25:20).
    — Hoph. - הֻעֲדָה was removed. [BAram. עֲדָה (= he went, went away; was removed), Aram. עֲדָא (= went through, departed), Syr. עֲדָא (= he touched, passed near, came suddenly upon, seized), Arab. ‘adā, Ethiop. ‘adawa (= he passed over, crossed).] Derivatives: עַד ᴵ, prob. also עַד ᴵᴵ and עַד ᴵᴵᴵ.

עֵדָה ᴵ f.n. assembly, congregation. [Lit. ‘a group assembled together by appointment’, and derived from יעד (= to appoint). Aram. עַדְתָּא is a Heb. loan word. עֵדָה stands to יָעַד as דֵּעָה (= knowledge), stands to יָדַע (= he knew).] Derivative: עֲדָתִי.

עֵדָה ᴵᴵ f.n. witness (f. of עֵד ᴵ).

עֵדָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. testimony. [From עוד.]

עִדּוּד m.n. NH encouragement. [From עוד.]

עָדוּי adj. MH adorned, bedecked, bejeweled. [Pass. part. of עָדָה. See עדה ᴵ.]

עִדּוּי m.n. PBH conception, pregnancy. [From Aram., verbal n. of עַדִּי (= he removed; (f.) she conceived, became pregnant). See עדה ᴵ. For sense development cp. עבר ᴵᴵ (= to cause to be pregnant), which prob. developed from צבר ᴵ (q.v.).]

עִדּוּן m.n. PBH 1 refinement, luxuriousness. NH 2 sublimation. [Verbal n. of עִדֵּן, Pi. of עדן.]

עָדוּף adj. MH 1 more. 2 greater, better, preferable. [Pass. part. of עָדַף. See עדף.]

עִדּוּר ᴵ m.n. PBH hoeing, digging. [Verbal n. of עִדֵּר, Pi. of עדר ᴵ.]

עִדּוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. MH dying. [From עדר ᴵᴵ.]

עֵדוּת f.n. PBH 1 testimony. 2 the testimony of the Decalogue, the Decalogue. PBH 3 evidence. [Prob. from עוד and lit. meaning ‘exhorting sign’, ‘reminder’. Several other scholars derive עֵדוּת from יעד (= to appoint, to fix), and compare Akka. adē (= statements, commandments). cp. late L. testimōnium (= testimony of the Decalogue, the Decalogue), from L. testimōnium (= evidence, attestation, testimony), which is a loan translation of Heb. עֵדוּת. See ‘testimony’ in my CEDEL.]

עֲדִי m.n. ornament, jewel. [From עדה ᴵ. cp. Aram. עִידִיתָא (= ornament), and see עִדִּית.]

עֲדֵי prep. poetic form of עַד ᴵ. [cpthe second element in בִּלְעֲדֵי.]

עִדִּי adj. NH choice (adj.), best. [Back formation from עִדִּית.]

עָדִין adj. 1 voluptuous, luxurious (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 47:8 in the f.). NH 2 delicate, dainty. [From עדן.] Derivative: עֲדִינוּת.

עֲדַֽיִן adv. PBH still, yet. [Prob. enlarged from עֲדֶן.]

עֲדִינוּת f.n. delicacy, daintiness. [Formed from עָדִין with suff. ◌וּת.]

עָדִיף adj. PBH 1 better, preferable. NH 2 more. [From עדף. cp. Aram. עֲדִיפָא (= better, preferable).] Derivative: עֲדִיפוּת.

עֲדִיפוּת f.n. MH preference, priority. [Formed from עָדִיף with suff. ◌וּת.]

עָדִיר m.n. NH hoeing season. [Formed from עדר on the analogy of חָרִישׁ (= plowing time), קָצִיר (= harvest season).]

עֲדִירָה f.n. PBH hoeing. [Verbal n. of עָדַר. See עדר.]

עִדִּית f.n. PBH choicest soil. [Prob. related to עֲדִי, Aram. עִידִיתָא (= ornament, jewel). cp. Aram. עִידִיתָא (= ornament), and see עֲדִי.] Derivative: עִדִּי.

עִדְכּוּן m.n. PBH bringing up-to-date. [Verbal n. of עִדֽכֵּן. See עדכן.]

עַדְכָּן adv. NH up-to-date. [Contraction of עַד כָּאן (= so far). See עַד ᴵ and כָּאן.] Derivatives: עדכן, עַדְכָּנִי.

עדכן to bring up-to-date.
    — Pi. - עִדְכֵּן he brought up-to-date.
    — Pu. - עֻדְכַּן was brought up-to-date. [Formed from עַדְכָּן.] Derivatives: עִדְכּוּן, מְעֻדְכָּן.

עַדְכָּנִי adj. NH up-to-date. [Formed from עַדְכָּן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

עַדְלָיָדַע m.n. NH Purim carnival. [Contraction of Aram. עַד דּֽלָא יֽדָע (= until he could not discern; namely: between the sentences ‘Cursed be Haman’, and ‘Blessed be Mordecai’). See עַד ᴵ, לֹא and ידע.]

עֲדֻלָּמִי adj. MH ‘Adullamite’ — pimp, pander, ponce. [Originally formed from עֲדֻלָּם, name of a place, with adj. suff. ◌ִי. See Gen. 38:20.]

עדן ᴵ to refine, to make tender.
    — Qal - עָדַן 1 was pleasant; 2 enjoyed himself.
    — Pi. - עִדֵּן PBH 1 he delighted; NH 2 he made delicate, refined.
    — Pu. - עֻדַּן was made delicate.
    — Hith. - הִתְעַדֵּן he luxuriated (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Neh. 9:25 in the form וַיִּתְעַדְּנוּ).
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱדִין 1 he refined, made delicate; 2 was refined, was made delicate. [Base of עֵדֶן ᴵ. Related to Arab. ghadan (= luxury, languor).] Derivatives: עֵדֶן ᴵ, עֶדְנָה, עִרּוּן, עָדִין, הַעֲדָנָה, הִתְעַדְּנוּת, מֽעֻדָּן, מַעֲדָן ᴵ.

עדן ᴵᴵ to do unwillingly. [Prob. base of מַעֲדַנֹּת (Sam. I 15:32). See מַעֲדַנּוֹת.]

עֵֽדֶן ᴵ m.n. pleasure, delight, luxury. [From עדן ᴵ cp. עֵדֶן ᴵᴵ.]

עֵֽדֶן ᴵᴵ m.n. Eden (name of the region in which lies the Paradise. [The name is usually explained as ‘the place of delight’, and derived from עֵדֶן ᴵ. M. D. Cassuto explains the name Eden — with reference to the meaning of the base ‘dn in Ugaritic — as a place that is ‘well watered throughout’.]

עִדָּן m.n. time, period. [After Aram. עִדָּן וְעִדָּנַין (= a long time). BAram. and Aram. עִדָּנָא, Syr. עֶדָּנָא, whence Arab. ‘addān (= time), related to, or perhaps borrowed from, Akka. adannu, edānu, prob. derived from עדד (= to count). See עֵד and cp. הָאִדָּנָא.

עֲדֶן adv. hitherto (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 4:3). [Prob. contraction of עַד־הֵן (= hitherto); see עַד ᴵ and הֵן. cp. עֲדֶנָּה.]

עֲדֶנֳּה adv. hitherto (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 4:2). [Prob. contraction of עַד־הֵנָּה (= hitherto); see עַד ᴵ and הֵנָּה.]

עֶדְנָה f.n. 1 delight, pleasure (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 18:12). MH 2 time of youth. [From עדן ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

עַדְעָד m.n. NH Statice (a genus of plants). [Reduplication of עַד ᴵᴵ.]

עדף to be in excess, remain over.
    — Qal - עָדַף was in excess, remained over (in the Bible occurring only in the part.).
    — Hiph. - הֶעְדִּיף 1 he had a surplus. PBH 2 was preferable, was better, 3 he preferred, gave precedence. [Aram. עַדִיפָא (= better, preferable), Arab. ghadafa (= was profuse).] Derivatives: עֹדֶף, עוֹדֵף, עָדוּף, עָדִיף, עַדְפָנוּת, הַעֽדָּפָה, מָעֳדָף.

עְֹדֶף m.n. NH 1 surplus. 2 small change. [From עדף.]

עַדְפָנוּת f.n. MH preference. [Formed from עדף with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

עדר ᴵ to hoe.
    — Qal - עָדַר he hoed, dug.
    — Niph. - נֶעֽדַּר was hoed, was dug.
    — Pi. - עִדֵּר he hoed, dug.
    — Pu. - עֻדַּר was hoed, was dug. [Arab. ‘adara (= he hoed, picked). cp. ערד ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: עֶדְרִיָּה, עַדְרָן, עִדּוּר ᴵ, עָדִיר, עֲדִירָה, מַעֽדֵּר.

עדר ᴵᴵ to be lacking, fail.
    — Niph. - נֶעֽדַּר 1 was missing, was wanting. NH 2 he died. NH 3 was missing in battle.
    — Pi. - עִדֵּר he left lacking (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 5:7).
    — Hiph. - הֶעְדִּיר he lessened, removed, denied.
    — Hoph. - הֻעֽדַּר was lessened, was removed, was denied. [Arab. ghadira (= he remained or lagged behind), ghadīra (= an animal remaining or left behind).] Derivatives: עִדּוּר ᴵᴵ, הֶעְדֵּר, הֵעָדְרוּת, נֶעֽדָּר. cp. עֵדֶר.

עדר ᴵᴵᴵ a base of uncertain origin and meaning (occurring in the Bible Chron. I 12:34 and 39). It is usually translated: ‘to set in order, arrange’. It possibly derives from עֵדֶר (= herd, flock), and lit. means ‘to arrange in groups’. Some scholars see in עדר ᴵᴵᴵ a loan word from Aram.-Syr. עֲדַר (= Heb. עָדַר) and accordingly render it ‘to help’.]

עֵֽדֶר m.n. herd, flock. [Related to Phoen. עדר, Aram. עֶדְרָא (of s.m.). Of uncertain origin. Some scholars derive these words from עדר ᴵᴵ in reference to Arab. ghadīra. Accordingly עֵדֶר, etc., would have originally denoted ‘the animals remaining behind’. cp. עדר ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: עֶדְרוֹן, עֶדְרִי.

עֶדְרוֹן m.n. NH a small herd, a small flock. [Formed from עֵדֶר with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

עֶדְרִי adj. NH pertaining to a herd or flock; gregarious. [Formed from עֵדֶר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: עֶדְרִיּוּת.

עֶדְרִיָּה f.n. PBH hoed line. [Formed from עדר ᴵ with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

עֶדְרִיּוּת f.n. NH gregariousness. [Formed from עֶדְרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

עַדְרָן m.n. NH hoe-laborer. [Formed from עדר ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

עֲדָשָׁה f.n. (pl. עֲדָשִׁים for sense 1, עֲדָשׁוֹת in the other senses) . 1 lentil. 2 lens. 3 eyeball. 4 hot water bottle. 5 freckle. [Related to Arab. ‘adasa, pl. ‘ adas (= lentils). Derivatives: עֲדָשִׁי, עַדֽשָׁן.

עֲדָשִׁי adj. MH lenticular. [Formed from עֲדָשָׁה with suff. ◌ִי.]

עַדְשָׁן m.n. MH freckled person. [Formed from עֲדָשָׁה with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: עַדֽשָׁנִי.

עַדְשָׁנִי adj. NH freckled. [Formed from עַדְשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

עֲדָתִי adj. NH communal. [Formed from עֵדָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: עֲדָתִיּוּת.

עֲדָתִיּוּת f.n. NH communal segregation. [Formed from עֲדָתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

עוב to be dark, be dense.
    — Hiph. - הֵעִיב he darkened, beclouded (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 2:1 in the form יָעִיב).
    — Hoph. - הוּעַב was darkened. [Base of עב ᴵ. Syr. עָבָא (= wood). Aram. עֵיבָא (= clouds), Arab. ghāba (= thicket). Akka. ababa (= wood) is prob. a Sem. loan word.] Derivative: הֶעָבָה.

עוֹבֵד m.n. worker, workman, laborer. [Subst. use of עוֹבֵד, act. part. of עָבַד. See עבד and cp. עָבוּד.]

עוּבְדָּא, עוּבְדָה f.n. PBH plene spelling of עֻבֽדָּא, עֻבֽדָּה. See עֻבְדָּא.

עוּבְדָּתִי adj. plene spelling of עֻבֽדָּתִי. See עֻבֽדָּתִי.

עוֹבֵר adj. passing, transient. [Act. part. of עָבַר. See עבר ᴵ.]

עוג ᴵ to bake a cake.
    — Qal - עָג he baked a cake (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 4:12 in the form תּֽעֻגָּנָּה). [Denominated from עוּגָה. cp. עוג ᴵᴵ.]

עוג ᴵᴵ to draw a circle.
    — Qal - עָג he made a circle.
    — Hoph. - הוּעַג a circle was drawn. [Arab. ‘awija (= was crooked, was curved, was bent), ‘āj (= elephant’s tusk, tortoise shell). Base of עוּגָה ᴵ, עוּגָה ᴵᴵ, and of מָעוֹג ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: מָעוֹג ᴵᴵ, תּֽעוּגָה.

עוֹג m.n. NH very tall person. [From PN עוֹג מֶלֶךְ הַבָּשָׁן (= Og, king of Bashan), as told in the Bible (Deut. 3:11).]

עוּגָב m.n. 1 flute, pipe. NH 2 organ. [Prob. derived from base עגב, hence lit. meaning ‘instrument of love’, and so called in allusion to its insinuating tunes.] Derivatives: עוּגָבַאי, עוּגָבָר.

עוֹגֵב m.n. lustful lover (in the Bible occurring Jer. 4:30 in the pl.). [Subst. use of the act. part. of עָגַב. See עגב.] Derivatives: עוֹגְבָנוּת, עוֹגְבָנִי.

עוּגָבַאי m.n. NH organist. [Formed from עוּגָב with suff. ◌ַאי. cp. עוּגָבָר.]

עוֹגְבָנוּת f.n. NH coquetry. [Formed from עוֹגֵב with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

עוֹגְבָנִי adj. NH coquettish. [Formed from עוֹגֵב with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

עוּגָבָר m.n. NH organist. [A collateral form of עוּגָבַאי. Formed from עוּגָב with suff. ◌ָר. cp. עוּגָבַאי.]

עוּגָה ᴵ f.n. cake. Lit.: ‘that which is round’. [Formed from עוג ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. עוּגָה ᴵᴵ. cp. also מָעוֹג.] Derivative: עוּגיָּה ᴵ.

עוּגָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH circle, cavity. [Formed from עוג ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה, hence derivatively identical with עוּגָה ᴵ. cp. עוּקָה.] Derivative: עוּגִיָּה ᴵᴵ.

עוּגִיָּה ᴵ f.n. NH a small cake, cookie. [Formed from עוּגָה ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

עוּגִיָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH cavity. [Formed from עוּגָה ᴵᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

עוד to return, repeat, do again.
    — Hiph. - הֵעִיד 1 he affirmed solemnly (lit. prob. meaning ‘he repeated’; 2 he warned (with the same sense development); 3 he bore witness, attested, testified. [Here also, the orig. meaning prob. was ‘he said repeatedly and forcefully’; however, in this latter sense הֵעִיד (with its derivatives) is related to Arab. ‘ahida (= he knew as an eyewitness), and to Syr. עְהֵד (= he remembered).]
    — Pi. - עִוֵּד he surrounded, encompassed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 119:61 in the suffixed form עִוְּדוּנִי (= have surrounded me).
    — Hoph. - הוּעַד he was warned.
    — Pol. - עוֹדֵד 1 he strengthened, restored, relieved, encouraged; NH 2 he helped, supported.
    — Po. - עוֹדַד he was strengthened, was restored, was relieved, was encouraged.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְעוֹדֵד was strengthened, was restored, was relieved, was encouraged. [cp. Arab. ‘āda (= he returned, did again), ‘āda (= custom, habit), OSArab. עוד (= to return), Syr. עְיָדָא (usage, ceremony), Aram. עִידָא (= festival), whence Arab. ‘id (of s.m.).] Derivatives: עוֹד, עִדּוּד, עוֹדְדוּת, הִתְעוֹדְדוּת, עֵיד, עֵד, עֵדָה ᴵᴵ, עֵדָה ᴵᴵᴵ, עֵדוּת, הַעֲדָאָה, הֶעָדָה, מוּעָד, מְעוֹדָד, תְּעוּדָה.

עוֹד n. & adv. 1 duration, continuance; continually. 2 still, yet; NH 3 already. [From עוד.]

עוּד m.n. NH lute. [From Arab. al-‘ūd, from al- (= the), and ‘ūd (= wood).]

עוֹדְדוּת f.n. PBH encouragement. [Formed from עוֹדֵד (= he encouraged), Pol. of עוד, with suff. ◌וּת.]

עוֹדֵף n. & adj. left over; surplus [Act. part. of עָדַף. See עדף.]

עוה to bend, twist.
    — Qal - עָוָה he committed iniquity, sinned.
    — Niph. - נַעֲוָה 1 was bent, was twisted; 2 was perverse.
    — Pi. - עִוָּה he bent, twisted.
    — Hiph. - הֶעֱוָה 1 he perverted; 2 he acted perversely. [Aram. עֲוָא, עֲוִי (= turned away, deviated, Arab. ‘awā(y) (= he bent, twisted). Related to עות ᴵᴵ, עבת.] Derivatives: עַוָּה, עִוּוּי, עָווֹן, עֲוָיָת, עֲוִית, הַעֲוָיָה, מַעֲוֶה, מַעֲוָה, prob. also עִי. cp. עִוְעִים.

עַוָּה f.n. distortion, ruin (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 21:32). [Formed from עִוָּה, Pi. of עוה.]

עִוּוּי m.n. MH 1 sin. NH 2 perversion. [Verbal n. of עִוָּה, Pi. of עוה.]

עָווֹן, עָוֹן m.n. (pl. עֲווֹנוֹת, also עֲווֹנִים) 1 iniquity, guilt. 2 punishment. [From עוה.]

עִוּוּת m.n. PBH 1 distortion, perversion. MH 2 convulsion. [Verbal n. of עִוֵּת, Pi. of עות ᴵᴵ.]

עוז to take or seek refuge.
    — Qal - עָז he took or sought refuge (in the Bible occurring only Is. 30:2).
    — Hiph. - הֵעִיז he brought into safety. Possible derivative: מָעוֹז. [Arab. ‘-w-dh, ‘ādha (= he took refuge, sought protection), maādh (= refuge).]

עוֹזֵר m.n. 1 helper. NH 2 assistant, aide. [Subst. use of the act. part of עזר.]

עוּזְרָד, עוּזְרָר see עֻזְרָר.

עוט see עיט.

עוֹטֶה adj. 1 mournful, sad. 2 clad. [Act. part. of עָטָה. See עטה.]

עוֹטֵף m.n. NH wrapper (esp. of oranges). [Subst. use of the act. part. of עָטַף. See עטף ᴵ.]

עוֹטְפָן m.n. NH folder (file). [Formed from עוֹטֵף, act. part. of עָטַף (see עטף ᴵ), with suff. ◌ָן. cp. עוֹטֵף.]

עֲוָיָה f.n. NH grimace. [From עוה. cp. BAram. עֲוָיָה.]

עֲוִיל ᴵ m.n. youngster, boy (in the Bible occurring only Job 19:18; 21:11). [A secondary form of עוּל.]

עֲוִיל ᴵᴵ m.n. wicked person (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 16:11). [From עול.]

עוֹיֵן adj. hostile, inimical. Lit.: ‘looking askance at’. [Act. part. of עָיַן. See עין ᴵ.] Derivative: עוֹיְנוּת.

עוֹיְנוּת f.n. NH hostility, animosity. [Formed from עוֹיֵן with suff. ◌וּת.]

עֲוִית f.n. PBH convulsion, spasm. [Formed from עוה with suff. ◌ִית.] Derivative: עֲוִיתִי.

עֲוִיתִי adj. NH convulsive. [Formed from עֲוִית with suff. ◌ִי.]

עוּכְלָא m.n. PBH (pl. עוּכֽלִין) ‘ukhla’ — a small measure. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a derivative of עכל (= to devour).]

עוֹכֵר m.n. troubler, disturber. [Subst. use of the act. part. of עָכַר. See עכר and cp. עַכְרָן.]

עול ᴵ to act wrongfully.
    — Pi. - עִוֵּל he acted wrongfully.
    — Pu. - עֻוַּל was done injustice.
    — Nith. - נִתֽעַוֵּל (of s.m.). [Related to Arab. ‘-w-l, ‘āla (= he deviated from the right course), Syr. אַעְוַל (= he acted unjustly).] Derivatives: עָוֶל, עַוָּל, עַוְלָה ᴵ. עַלְוָה ᴵᴵ.

עול ᴵᴵ to give suck.
    — Qal - עָלָה (see עלה). [Related to Arab. ghālat (= she gave suck).] Derivatives: עוּל, עֲוִיל ᴵᴵ. cp. עוֹלֵל, עוֹלָל, תַּעֲלִיל ᴵᴵ.

עוּל m.n. sucking child, suckling, baby. [From עול ᴵᴵ. cp. Syr. עוּלָא (= foetus, sucking child), עִילָא (= foal).] Derivative: עוּלָה.

עָֽוֶל m.n. injustice, unrighteousness. [From עול ᴵ. cp. Aram.–Syr. עַוֽלָא (= wickedness). For the form see אָוֶן. cp. עֲוִיל ᴵᴵ.]

עַוָּל m.n. wrong-doer. [From עול.]

עוֹלֵב adj. PBH insulting. [Act. part. of עָלַב. See עלב.]

עוֹלֶה m.n. 1 ‘oleh’ — immigrant (after Ez. 2:1). NH 2 trochee (prosody). [Subst. use of the act. part. of עלה.]

עוֹלָה f.n. burnt offering. [Subst. use of the f. act. part. of עלה, whence lit. meaning ‘that which goes up’. cp. BAram. עלוה, Aram. עֲלָתָא (= burnt offering), Syr. עֽלָתָא (= burnt offering, altar).]

עַוְלָה f.n. (pl. עוֹלוֹת, also עַוֽלוֹת) injustice, unrighteousness. [From עול ᴵ. cp. עַלְוָה ᴵᴵ.]

עוּלָה f.n. PBH young girl. [f. of עוּל.]

עוֹלֵל, עוֹלָל m.n. child, infant. [Related to עוּל. cp. תַּעֲלוּל ᴵᴵ.]

עוֹלֵלָה f.n. 1 gleaning (of grapes or olives). PBH 2 gleanings reserved for the poor. [Prob. derived from עלל ᴵ]. Derivative: עלל ᴵⱽ.

עוֹלָם m.n. (pl. עוֹלָמוֹת, also עוֹלָמִים) 1 long duration, antiquity. 2 continuous existence, eternity, uninterrupted future. 3 world (in the Bible, with the possible exception of one case, Eccles. 3:11, עוֹלָם never has the meaning ‘world’). PBH 4 mankind, humanity. PBH 5 pleasures of life. MH 6 community. [Related to BAram. and Aram. עָלַם, עָלְמָא, Syr. עָלְמָא (= eternity; world; whence prob. Ethiop. ‘ālam, ‘eternity; world’), Ugar. ‘lm (= continuity, eternity), Arab. ‘ālam (= world). According to some scholars these words lit. mean ‘the hidden, unknown time’, and derive from base עלם (= to hide). According to several other scholars the above words are related to Akka. ullu, ullānu (= remote time), so that – ām in עוֹלָם, etc., would be a suff. cp. לְעוֹלָם, מֵעוֹלָם. cp. also עָלַם, עָלְמָא.] Derivatives: עוֹלָמִי, עוֹלָמִית.

עוֹלָמִי adj. MH 1 eternal. NH 2 worldwide. NH 3 worldly, universal. [Formed from עוֹלָם with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: עוֹלָמִיּוּת.

עוֹלָמִיּוּת f.n. NH worldliness. [Formed from עוֹלָמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

עוֹלָמִית adv. PBH forever, eternally. [Formed from עוֹלָם (= eternity), with adv. suff. ◌ִית.]

עַוְלָֽתָה, עוֹלָֽתָה f.n. injustice, unrighteousness. [Poetic forms of עַוְלָה. For other nouns ending in ◌ָֽתָה see אֵימָתָה.]

עוֹמֵד adj. standing. [Part. of עָמַד. See עמד.]

עוֹמֵם adj. PBH growing dim, going out. [Part. of עָמַם. See עמם.]

עָוֹן see עָווֹן.

עוֹנָה ᴵ f.n. 1 marital duty, cohabitation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 21:10). PBH 2 time, period. PBH 3 season. [Related to Aram. עוֹנֽתָא (= appointed time, time of cohabitation). The primitive meaning may have been ‘seasonable occupation’, so that עוֹנָה and עוֹנֽתָא would derive from ענה ᴵᴵ. According to most scholars these words are related to עֵת (= time). According to some of them they lit. mean ‘specific time’, and are related to Arab. ’anā(y) (= it came; esp. said of time).] Derivative: עוֹנָתִי.

עוֹנָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH trouble, suffering. [Prob. derived from ענה ᴵⱽ.]

עוֹנֵן m.n. soothsayer. [Subst. use of the part. of עָנַן. See ענן ᴵᴵ and cp. מְעוֹנֵן.]

עוֹנָתִי adj. NH seasonal, periodic. [Formed from עוֹנָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: עוֹנָתִיּוּת.

עוֹנָתִיּוּת f.n. NH periodicity. [Formed from עוֹנָתִי with suff. ◌ִי.]

עוֹסֵק m.n. NH self-employed. [Subst. use of the act. part. of עָסַק; see עסק.]

עִוְעִים m.n. perverseness, confusion (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 19:14). [Prob. contraction of עִוֽעֲוִים, a derivative of עִוְעֵו, Pilp. of עוה.]

עוף ᴵ to fly.
    — Qal - עָף it flew, flew away.
    — Pol. - עוֹפֵף 1 it flew; 2 he brandished, waved.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְעוֹפֵף flew about, flew away.
    — Hiph. - הֵעִיף he caused to fly. [Aram. עוּף, Ugar. ‘ap (= to fly), Arab. ‘āfa (= it hovered).] Derivatives: עוֹף, עוֹפְפוּת, עִיפָה, עֲפִיפָה, עֲפִיפוֹן, הֶעָפָה, הִתְעוֹפֽפוּת, מוּעָף, מָעוֹף, מָעוּף ᴵ, מְעוּפָה, מֽעוֹפֵף, תּֽעוּפָה. cp. עַפֽעַף.

עוף ᴵᴵ to be dark. [Base of מָעוּף ᴵᴵ. cp. עיף ᴵᴵ.]

עוֹף m.n. (pl. עוֹפוֹת) fowl, bird. [From עוף ᴵ. cp. BAram. עוֹף. Aram. עוֹף, עוֹפָא (= bird), Syr. עוֹפָא, Ethiop. ‘ōf (= fowl, winged creatures), Arab. ‘auf (= augury), ‘ā’if (= augur).] Derivative: עַיָּף.

עוֹפְפוּת f.n. MH flying. [Formed from עוֹפֵף, Pol. of עוף ᴵ (= to fly), with suff. ◌וּת.]

עוֹפֶֽרֶת, עֹפֶרֶת f.n. lead. [Related to Akka. abāru (name of a metal, possibly lead or magnesium). See אֲבָר.] Derivatives: עוֹפַרֽתִּי, עָפֽרִית.

עוֹפַרְתִּי adj. NH leaden. [Formed from עוֹפֶרֶת with suff. ◌ִי.]

עוץ to advise.
    — Qal - עָץ he advised. [Secondary form of יעץ. cp. Aram. עוּץ, perfect עָץ (= he advised), which is a secondary form of יְעַץ.]

עוֹצֵר m.n. PBH ruler, sovereign. [Prob. subst. use of the part. of עָצַר. See עצר ᴵ.] Derivative: עוֹצְרוּת.

עוֹצְרוּת f.n. NH regency. [Formed from עוֹצֵר (= regent) with suff. ◌וּת.]

עוק to press, oppress.
    — Hiph. - הֵעִיק he pressed, oppressed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Amos 2:13).
    — Hoph. - הוּעַק will be pressed, will be oppressed. [Prob. related to Arab. ‘āqa (= he hindered, prevented, impeded), ‘auq (= bending of a valley), and to base עקה.] Derivatives: עָקָה, הֶעָקָה, תְּעוּקָה, possibly also עָוָק. cp. מַעֲקֶה.

עָוָק m.n. PBH rung (of a ladder). [A secondary form of חָוָק, possibly a derivative of עוק and lit. meaning ‘that which is trodden upon’.]

עוֹקֵב adj. NH following, tracing. [Act. part of עקב ᴵ.]

עוֹקְדָן m.n. NH classeur (file). [Formed from עוֹקֵד, act. part. of עָקַד (see עקד), with suff. ◌ָן.]

עוּקָה f.n. PBH cavity, pit. [A secondary form of עוּגָה ᴵᴵ.]

עוֹקֵף adj. NH bypass. [Part. of עָקַף; see עקף.]

עוֹקְמָן m.n. PBH a collateral form of עַקֽמָן.

עוֹקְצָנוּת f.n. NH 1 stinging. 2 sarcasm. [Formed from עוֹקֵץ, act. part. of עָקַץ (see עקץ ᴵ), with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

עוֹקְצָנִי adj. NH 1 stinging. 2 sarcastic. [Formed from עוֹקֵץ, act. part of עָקַץ (see עקץ ᴵ), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

עור ᴵ ‘to rouse oneself, awake’.
    — Qal - עָר 1 was awake; 2 he aroused himself.
    — Niph. - נֵעוֹר 1 was awakened, was aroused; 2 he was incited to activity.
    — Pol. - עוֹרֵר 1 he awakened, roused; 2 he incited to activity.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְעוֹרֵר 1 he awoke; 2 he was incited to activity; PBH 3 was lively.
    — Hiph. - הֵעִיר 1 he woke up, raised, aroused; PBH 2 he instigated; NH 3 he made a remark, observed.
    — Hoph. - הוּעַר MH 1 was stirred up, was aroused; MH 2 was awakened.
    — Pilp. - עִרְעֵר (see ערער ᴵᴵ).] [Aram. עוּר (= to awake), Aram.–Syr. עור (= to awake), Ugar. ‘r (= cause to arouse), Arab. ghāra (= was jealous).] Derivatives: עֵר, הֶעָרָה, הִתְעוֹרְרוּת, נֵעוֹר, עִיר ᴵᴵ, תְּעוּרָה. cp. also עֵרוּר and אִתְעֲרוּתָא.

עור ᴵᴵ to be bared, be exposed. [Related to ערה ᴵ. cp. Arab. ‘arwa (= pudenda).]—Niph. נֵעוֹר was laid bare (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hab. 3:9 in the form תֵּעוֹר). Derivatives: מָעוֹר, prob. also עֵירֹם. cp. עוֹר.

עור ᴵᴵᴵ to make blind, to blind.
    — Pi. - עִוֵּר he blinded.
    — Pu. - עֻוֵּר was blinded.
    — Hith. - הִתֽעַוֵּר was blinded, became blind. [Aram. עֲוִיר, Syr. עְוִיר (= blind), עַוֵּר (= he blinded), Arab. ‘awira (= was one-eyed), Ethiop. ‘ōra (= was blind), ‘ewūr (= blind), Akka. tūrtu (= blindness).] Derivatives: עִוֵּר (adj.), עִוָּרוֹן, עַוֶּרֶת, עִוּוּר, הִתֽעַוְּרוּת.

עוֹר m.n. (pl. עוֹרוֹת) , 1 skin. 2 hide. 3 leather. [Related to Phoen. ערת. Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from עור ᴵᴵ and properly meaning ‘naked skin’.] Derivatives: עוֹרָה, עוֹרִי, עוֹרִית.

עִוֵּר adj. blind. [From עור ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivative: עִוְרוּת.

עוֹרֵב, עֹרֵב m.n. raven. [cp. Aram. עוֹרְבָא, Syr. עוּרֽבָא, Arab. ghurāb, Akka. āribu (= raven, crow). All these words are of imitative origin. cp. עוֹרֽבָא.] Derivatives: עוֹרְבָנִי, עָרֽבִית.

עוֹרֵג adj. NH yearning, eager. [Part. of עָרַג (= he longed for, yearned for); see ערג ᴵ.]

עוֹרְבָא m.n. PBH raven, crow. [Aram. See עוֹרֵב.]

עוֹרְבָנִי m.n. NH Garrulus glandarius (ornithology). [Formed from עוֹרֵב with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

עוֹרָה f.n. MH hide (of an animal). [Formed from עור.]

עִוָּרוֹן m.n. blindness. [Formed from עור ᴵᴵᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

עִוְרוּת f.n. PBH blindness. [Formed from עִוֵּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

עוֹרִי adj. MH leathern, leathery. [Formed from עוֹר with suff. ◌ִי.]

עוֹרִית f.n. NH leatherette. [Formed from עוֹר with dimin. suff. ◌וּת.]

עוֹרֵךְ m.n. NH editor. [Subst. use of the act. part of עָרַךְ. See ערך.] Derivative: עוֹרֽכוּת.

עוֹרֵךְ־דִּין m.n. MH advocate, lawyer, attorney. [Borrowed from עוֹרֽכֵי הַדַּיָּנִים, which is usually rendered by ‘those who influence the judges’. See ערך and cp. עוֹרֵךְ.]

עוֹרֽכוּת f.n. NH editorship. [Formed from עוֹרֵךְ with suff. ◌וּת.]

עוֹרֵק m.n. 1 vein, sinew (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 30:17 in the form עֹרֽקַי, prob. meaning ‘my sinews’). NH 2 vein (botany). [Related to Arab. ‘irq (= vein).] Derivative: עוֹרֽקִי.

עוֹרְקִי adj. NH arterial. Derivative: עוֹרְקִיּוּת.

עוֹרְקִיּוּת f.n. NH arteriosity. [From עוֹרְקִי with suff. ◌יוּת.]

עוֹרֵר m.n. PBH appellant, claimant. [Subst. use of the act. part. of עָרַר. See ערר ᴵ.]

עַוֶּרֶת f.n. blindness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 22:22). [Formed from עור ᴵᴵᴵ. For the form cp. אַרֶּמֶת.]

עושׁ a base prob. meaning ‘to make haste, hurry’, and related to base חושׁ ᴵ.
    — Qal - עָשׁ he made haste, hurried, or ‘he came to help’ (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Joel 4:11 in the form עוּשׁוּ). [According to some scholars, who compare Arab ghātha (= he came to help), the meaning of base עושׁ is ‘to come to help’. cp. עות.]

עות ᴵ to be crooked, be bent.
    — Pi. - עִוֵּת he made crooked, bent.
    — Pu. - עֻוַּת was made crooked, was bent (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 1:15 in the part.).
    — Hith. - הִתְעַוֲּת 1 he bent himself (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 12:3); PBH 2 was perverted, became depraved. [Aram. עַוֵּת (= he made crooked, bent), Syr. עַת, עְתָא (= he deceived). Related to עוה, עבת, עבט ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: עַוָּתָה, עַוּֽתָן, עִוּוּת, הִתֽעַוְּתוּת, מֽעֻוָּת.

עות ᴵᴵ a base of uncertain origin and meaning; perhaps an aramaism meaning ‘to come to help’. [From לָעוּת (a hapax legomenon in the Bible occurring Is. 50:4).]

עַוָּתָה f.n. subversion, oppression, injustice (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:59). [From עות ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

עוֹתוֹמָנִי, עוֹתְמָנִי adj. FW Ottoman. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from Fren. ottoman, from It. Ottomano, from Med. L. Ottomānus, from Arab. ‘Uthmānī (= pertaining to ‘Uthmān), from ‘Uthmān (= ‘Osman’, name of the founder of the Ottoman empire; he reigned 1259–1326).]

עוֹתֵר m.n. NH petitioner. [Subst. use of עוֹתֵר, part. of עָתַר; see עתר ᴵ.]

עַוְּתָן m.n. MH distorter, perverter. [Formed from עִוֵּת, Pi. of עות ᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

עַז adj. 1 strong, firm, mighty. 2 fierce. PBH 3 strong, bright (said of color). PBH 4 acrid, sharp (of taste). NH 5 hard, grave. [From עזז. cp. the first element in עֲזָאזֵל.] Derivative: עַזּוּת.

עֹז m.n. 1 strength, might. 2 fortress, refuge. 3 splendor, glory. [From עזז. cp. עַז.]

עֵז f.n. (pl. עִזִּים) goat. [Related to Pun. and Palm. עז, Aram. עִזָּא, Syr. עָזָּא, Ugar. ‘z, Arab. ‘anz, Akka. enzu (= goat). According to some scholars these words derive from base עזו in the sense ‘to be daring’; according to others they derive from the base עוז, appearing in Arab. ‘anaza (= he turned aside), in allusion to the movements of the animal.]

עֲזָאזֵל m.n. ‘Azozel’ — the rock from which the scapegoat was hurled on the Day of Atonement. [In the Talmud explained as a compound of עַז (= firm, rough), and אֵל (= strong). According to some scholars עֲזָאזֵל would be a compound of עֵז and אָזַל (i.e. ‘the goat went away’); according to others it would stand for עֲזַלְזֵל, which would be related to Arab. ‘azzala (= he removed), and would lit. mean ‘complete removal’.] See לַעֲזָאזֵל

עזב ᴵ to leave, forsake.
    — Qal - עָזַב 1 he left, left behind; 2 he forsook, abandoned.
    — Niph. - נֶעֱזַב 1 was left; 2 was forsaken, was abandoned.
    — Pu. - עֻזַּב was forsaken, was abandoned.
    — Nith. - נִתְעַזֵּב (of s.m.)
    — Hiph. - הֶעֲזִיב he caused to be forsaken, caused to be abandoned. [Aram. עֲזַב (= he left, forsook), Akka. ezēbu (= to leave, leave behind, forsake), Arab. ‘azaba (= he was absent, departed), Akka. shūzubu, ushēzib (= he saved), Shaph‘el of ezēbu, whence uzubbu (= parting gift), BAram. שֵׁיזִב, Aram. שֵׁיזֵב (= he rescued). cp. עזב ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: עָזוּב, עִזּוּב, עֲזוּבָה, עֲזִיבָה, הֵעָזְבוּת, prob. also עִזָּבוֹן.

עזב ᴵᴵ to help, assist; to prepare, fortify.
    — Qal - עָזַב 1 he helped, assisted. 2 he repaired, fortified.
    — Pu. - עֻזַּב was fortified. [Ugar. ‘db (= to prepare), OSArab. שׁעדֿב (= to restore). Perhaps related to עזב ᴵ.] Derivative: מַעֲזִיבָה.