ג The third letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Its name is ‘Gimel’; so called in allusion to the ancient Heb. form of this letter, representing the neck of a גָּמָל (= camel). In PBH it has the numerical value three. ג alternates with כ and with ק; cp. e.g. גנן and כנן; גָּבִיעַ (= cup) and Arab. qub‘a (= calyx); גָּדִישׁ, Aram.–Syr. גְּדִישָׁא (= heap) and Arab. kadis (of s.m.); גּוּמָץ (= pit) and Aram. כּוּמְצָא, קּוּמְצָא (of s.m.); גָּפְרִית (= brimstone), Aram. כֻּבְרִיתָא, Syr. כֶּבְרִיתָא, and Arab. kibrit (of s.m.); זְגוּגִית and Aram. זְכוּכִיתָא; מִגְבָּעָה and כּוֹבַע, קוֹבַע (= helmet); מזג and מסך; סגר and סכר; רגל and רכל.

 

גֵּא, גֵּאֶה adj. 1 proud, haughty. NH 2 boastful, arrogant. NH 3 conceited. [From גאה.]

 

גאה to be proud, to rise up, be high.

    — Qal - גָּאָה 1 rose up; 2 grew up; 3 was exalted.

    — Pi. - גֵּאָה he exalted, glorified.

    — Nith. - נִתְגָּאָה 1 he prided himself, boasted; 2 he exalted.

    — Hiph. - הִגְאָה he raised, lifted. [Aram. גְּאָה (= was proud), Syr. and Mand. אֶתְגַּאי (= was boastful, was proud). cp. Egypt g’y (= to be high).] Derivatives: גֵּאָה, גֵּאֶה, גַּאֲוָה, גָּאוֹן, גַּאֲוָן, גֵּאוּת, גְּאֵיוֹן, גַּאַוְתָן, הִתְגָּאוּת.

 

גֵּאָה f.n. pride, haughtiness. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 8:13). [Properly subst. use of the f. of the adj. גֵּאֶה (q.v.). cp. גַּאֲוָה.]

 

גֵּאֶה see גֵּא.

 

גֵּאוֹגְרַפְיָה see גֵּיאוֹגְרַפְיָה.

 

גַּאֲוָה f.n. 1 pride, haughtiness. 2 majesty, glory. [Formed from גאה with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. JAram. גֵּיאוּתָא, גֵּיוְתָא, Syr. גַּוְתָא, גֶּוֽתָא, and Mand. גאיותא, גיותא (= pride). cp. also גֵּוָה ᴵᴵ.]

 

גָּאוּל adj. [Pass. part. of גָּאַל. See גאל ᴵ.]

 

גֵּאוֹלוֹג see גֵּיאוֹלוֹג.

 

גֵּאוֹלוֹגִי see גֵּיאוֹלוֹגִי.

 

גֵּאוֹלוֹגְיָה see גֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה.

 

גְּאוּלִים m.n. pl. redemption (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 63:4 in the phrase שְׁנַת גְּאוּלַי, ‘my year of redemption’). [From גאל ᴵ.]

 

גָּאוֹן ᴵ m.n. 1 glory, majesty, exaltation. 2 pride, haughtiness. 3 rising of the water, tide. [Formed from גאה with suff. ◌וֹן. cp. Ugar. ga̧n (= pride, haughtiness).]

 

גָּאוֹן ᴵᴵ adj. MH 1 ‘Gaon’ (title of the heads of the academies of Sura and Pumbedita). MH 2 title of distinction for rabbis. NH 3 genius. [Prob. from the abbreviation of גְּאוֹן יַעֲקֹב (= the pride of Jacob), or גְּאוֹן יִשְׂרָאֵל (= the pride of Israel).] Derivatives: גְּאוֹנוּת, גְּאוֹנִי.

 

גַּאֲוָן adj. NH proud, haughty, boastful. [Formed from גַּאֲוָה with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. גַּאַוְתָן.]

 

גְּאוֹנוּת f.n. MH 1 the ‘gaonate’. NH 2 genius. [Formed from גָּאוֹן ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת. cp. גּֽאוֹנִיּוּת.]

 

גְּאוֹנִי adj. NH 1 ‘gaonic’. 2 of a genius, ingenious. [Formed from גָּאוֹן ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּאוֹנִיּוּת f.n. NH ingeniousness. [Formed from גְּאוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת. cp. גּֽאוֹנוּת.]

 

גֵּאוּת f.n. 1 majesty, glory, excellence. 2 pride, haughtiness. 3 rising, swelling. [Formed from גאה with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Syr. גַּאֽיוּתָא (= magnificence, luxury, pride).]

 

גַּאַוְתָן adj. MH haughty, boastful, conceited. [Formed from גַּאֲוָה with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. גַּאֲוָן.] Derivatives: גַּאַוְתָנוּת, גַּאַוְתָנִי.

 

גַּאַוְתָנוּת f.n. NH haughtiness, boastfulness, conceit. [Formed from גַּאַוְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּאַוְתָנִי adj. NH haughty, boastful, conceited. [Formed from גַּאַוְתָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּאֵיוֹן adj. haughty, boastful, arrogant (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 122:4). [From גאה.] Derivative: גְּאֵיוֹנִי.

 

גְּאֵיוֹנִי adj. NH proud, haughty, arrogant. [Formed from גְּאֵיוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גֵּאָיוֹת m.n. valleys. [pl. of גַּיְא.]

 

גאל ᴵ to redeem.

    — Qal - גָּאַל 1 he redeemed, delivered; 2 he acted as kinsman.

    — Niph. - נִגְאַל 1 he redeemed himself; 2 was redeemed, was delivered. [Aram. גְּאַל (= he redeemed), and Samaritan גאל (= to redeem) are Hebraisms.] Derivatives: גָּאוּל, גְּאוּלִים, גְּאֻלָּה, גּוֹאֵל, הִגָּאֲלוּת ᴵ.

 

גאל ᴵᴵ to defile, pollute.

    — Qal - גָּאַל he defiled, polluted.

    — Niph. - נִגְאַל, נֽגֹאַל was defiled, was polluted.

    — Pi. - גֵּאֵל he defiled, polluted.

    — Pu. - גֹּאַל was defiled, was polluted.

    — Hith. - הִתְגָּאֵל he defiled himself.

    — Hiph. - הִגְאִיל he defiled. [A secondary form of געל.] Derivatives: גֹּאַל, הִגָּאֲלוּת, הִתְגָּאֲלוּת, מִגֹאָל.

 

גָּאָל m.n. MH redeemer, savior. [A secondary form of גּוֹאֵל.]

 

גֹּֽאַל m.n. defilement, pollution (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Neh. 13:29 in the form גָּאֳלֵי). [From גאל ᴵᴵ.]

 

גְּאֻלָּה f.n. 1 redemption, deliverance. 2 right of redemption. 3 price of redemption. 4 kin, kindred. [Formed from גאל ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גֵּב ᴵ m.n. pit, cistern. [Related to BAram. גֹּב and גּוֹב, emphatic st. גֻּבָּא (= pit, cistern), JAram.–Syr. גּוּבָּא, Ethiop. geb (= well, pit, cistern), Akka. gubbu (of s.m.). Arab. jubb (of s.m.) is prob. an Aram. loan word.]

 

גֵּב ᴵᴵ m.n. board, plank (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. I 6:9 in the pl.). [Perhaps related to גַּב.]

 

גֵּב ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. locust (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 33:4 in the pl.). [Related to גּוֹב.]

 

גַּב m.n. 1 back. 2 mound, hillock. 3 vault. [The literal meaning of גַּב is ‘something curved’. It derives from גבב. cp. גֵּב ᴵᴵ, גַּבָּה. cp. also גֵּו and the second element in שַׁטְגַּב.] Derivative: גִבּוּי ᴵᴵ.

 

גֹּב m.n. PBH pit, den. [BAram., related to גֵּב ᴵ. cp. גֻּבְתָּה.]

 

גֶּֽבֶא m.n. pit, cistern. [Related to Arab. jab (= pit, cistern), and to גֵּב ᴵ, גֹּב, גְּבִי.]

 

גַּבָּאוּת f.n. PBH office of the ‘gabbai’, treasurership, collectorship. [Formed from גַּבַּאי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּבַּאי, גַּבַּי m.n. PBH gabbai, i.e. head or treasurer of a synagogue (lit.: ‘collector of dues’). [Nomen opificis formed from גבה (= to collect).]

 

גבב 1 to vault, raise, lift (whence גַּב, גַּבָּה). 2 to rake, heap, gather, collect.

    — Qal - גָּבַב he raked, heaped, gathered, collected.

    — Niph. - נִגְבַּב was heaped, was gathered, was collected.

    — Pi. - גִּבֵּב he heaped, gathered, collected.

    — Pu. - גֻּבַּב was heaped, was gathered, was collected. [Prob. related to קבב ᴵᴵ. cp. גבע.] Derivatives: גְּבָבָה, גַּבְּבָן, גַּבֶּבֶת, גָּבוּב, גִּבּוּב, גִּבְּתוֹן, הִתְגַּבְּבוּת, מְגֻבָּב, מִגְבָּב, מַגּוֹב.

 

גְּבָב m.n. NH 1 heap, pile. 2 idle talk, verbosity. [From Aram. גּֽבָבָא; see גְּבָבָה.]

 

גְּבָבָה f.n. PBH 1 stubble, straw, rakings. NH 2 rubbish. [Formed from גבב with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גַּבְּבָן m.n. NH a loquacious person. [Formed from גבב with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּבְּבָנִי.

 

גַּבְּבָנִי adj. NH loquacious. [Formed from גַּבְּבָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּבֶּבֶת f.n. NH 1 a heaping, gathering. 2 loquacity; worthless talk, trash. [From גִּבֵּב. See גבב and suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

גַּבָּה f.n. eyebrow. [Related to גַּב. cp. Arab. jubba (= bone surrounding the cavity of the eye), jabīn (= forehead, brow), and see גָּבִין.]

 

גבה to collect.

    — Qal - גָּבָה he collected (taxes or dues).

    — Niph. - נִגְבָּה was collected.

    — Hiph. - הִגְבָּה he made collect. [Aram.–Syr. גְּבָא, Arab. jaba (= he collected taxes).] Derivatives: גַּבַּאי, גָּבוּי, גִּבּוּי, גְּבִיָּה, גִּבְיוֹן, גּוֹבֶה, גּוּבַיְנָא, מִגְבָּה, מַגְבִּית.

 

גבהּ to be high.

    — Qal - גָּבַהּ 1 was high, was tall, was lofty; 2 was exalted; 3 was haughty.

    — Niph. - נִגְבַּהּ he rose.

    — Hiph. - הִגְבִּיהּ he made high, raised, lifted.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְבַּהּ was made high, was raised, was lifted.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּבַּהּ he lifted himself, exalted himself. [Aram. גְּבַהּ (= was high), Akka. gabāni (= heights), Arab. jabha (= forehead), jābaha (= he confronted, faced).] Derivatives: גָּבֹהַּ, גֹּבַהּ, גַּבְהוּת, גַּבְהָן, גְּבִיהָה, הַגְבָּהָה, הִתְגַּבְּהוּת, מִגְבָּה, מַגְבֵּהַּ. cp. גִּבֵּחַ.

 

גָּבֹֽהַּ, גָּבֽוֹהַּ adj. 1 high, tall, lofty. 2 exalted. 3 proud, haughty. PBH 4 the Most High, the Divine. [From גבהּ. The orig. form is qaṭul.]

 

גֹּֽבַהּ m.n. 1 height, altitude. 2 exaltness. 3 pride, haughtiness. NH 4 point of culmination. [From גבהּ.]

 

גַּבְהוּת f.n. pride, haughtiness. [Formed from גבהּ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּבְהָן adj. PBH 1 haughty. NH 2 tall. [Formed from גבהּ with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גַּבְהָנוּת f.n. NH haughtiness. [Formed from גַּבְהָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גִּבּוּב m.n. NH heaping, gathering. [Verbal n. of גִּבֵּב. See גבב.]

 

גְּבוֹהִית adj. PBH tall (f.). [f. formed from גָּבֹהַּ.]

 

גָּבוֹט m.n. FW gavotte (a lively dance). [Fren. gavotte, from gavoto, from gavot (= inhabitant of the Alps), hence gavoto, lit. means ‘dance of the inhabitants of the Alps’.]

 

גָּבוּי adj. PBH collected. [Pass. part. of גָּבָה. See גבה.]

 

גִּבּוּי ᴵ m.n. PBH collection. [From גבה.]

 

גִבּוּי ᴵᴵ m.n. NH backing. [Formed from גַּב and wrong grammatically.]

 

גְּבוּל m.n. (pl. גְּבוּלִים, also גְּבוּלוֹת) 1 border, frontier, boundary, limit. 2 territory, district, province. [Related to Phoen. and OAram. גבל, OSArab. גבלת, Punic gubulim (= border, territory), Arab. jubal (= mountain); orig. ‘mountain ride’ serving as boundary line between two plains). cp. the first element in בִּבְּלִיוֹגֽרָף.] Derivatives: גּֽבוּלָה, גְּבוּלִי, גבל ᴵ, גֹּבֶל, גֵּבְלִית, מִגְבָּלָה, מִגְבּוֹל.

 

גָּבוּל adj. MH kneaded. [Pass. part. of גָּבַל; see גבל ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

גִּבּוּל m.n. PBH kneading, mixing. [Verbal n. of גִּבֵּל, Pi. of גבל ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

גְּבוּלָה f.n. 1 border, boundary. 2 territory. 3 bordering (of a field). [Formed from גְּבוּל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּבוּלִי adj. NH borderline. [Formed from גְּבוּל with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּבּוּן ᴵ m.n. NH humping. [Verbal n. of גִּבֵּן, see גבן ᴵ.]

 

גִּבּוּן ᴵᴵ cheese making. [Verbal n. of גִּבֵּן; see גבן ᴵᴵ.]

 

גִּבּוֹן see גִּיבּוֹן.

 

גִּבּוֹר adj. 1 mighty, courageous, valiant, heroic. 2 warrior, hero. NH 3 central character (in a novel or a drama). [From גבר. cp. BAram. גִּבָּר, JAram. גִּבָּר, גִּבָּרָא, Syr. גַּבָּר, גַּבָּרָא (= hero). Arab. jabār (= omnipotent, giant, colossus, tyrant), is prob. a Syr. loan word.] Derivative: גִּבּוֹרִי.

 

גְּבוּרָה f.n. strength, valor, might, courage, heroism. [Formed from גבר with suff. ◌ָה. cp. Samaritan gēbēra (of s.m.), JAram. גְּבוּרְתָא, Syr. גַּבְרוּתָא (= vigor, force, manhood), Arab. jabarūt (= omnipotence, might, tyranny).]

 

גִּבּוֹרִי adj. NH heroic(al). [Formed from גִּבּוֹר with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּבּוֹרִיּוּת f.n. NH heroism. [Formed from גִּבּוֹרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גִּבּוּשׁ m.n. NH 1 crystallization. 2 consolidation. 3 stabilization. [Verbal n. of גִּבֵּשׁ (= he crystallized), Pi. of גבשׁ.]

 

גְּבוּשׁ m.n. PBH gravel stone. [Prob. from גָּבַשׁ (= he filled with stones); see גבש.]

 

גִּבֵּֽחַ adj. 1 bald on the forehead (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 13:4). PBH 2 giant (cp. כִּפֵּחַ). [Together with Syr. גְּבָחָא (= bald on the forehead), possibly related to Arab. jabha (= forehead), ’ajbah (= having a high forehead), hence related to גבהּ (= to be high). Derivatives: גבח, גַּבּֽחָן, גַּבַּחַת.

 

גבח to pluck hair on the forehead.

    — Pi. - גִּבַּח he plucked hair on the forehead. [Denominated from גִּבֵּחַ.]

 

גַּבְּחָן m.n. NH one bald on the forehead. [Formed from גִּבֵּחַ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גַּבַּֽחַת m.n. 1 baldness on the forehead (cp. קָרַחַת, ‘baldness on the back of the head’). 2 bareness (in the front of a garment). [Formed from גִּבֵּחַ with suff. ◌ַת. cp. Syr. גְּבָחוּתָא (= baldness on the forepart of the head).]

 

גַּבַּי see גַּבַּאי.

 

גְּבִי m.n. PBH pit, cistern. [Related to גֶּבֶא.]

 

גַּבִּי adj. NH of the back, dorsal. [Formed from גַּב with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּבִיָּה f.n. MH collection. [Verbal n. of גָּבָה (= he collected); see גבה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּבִיהָה f.n. PBH protuberance; hunch. [Properly verbal n. of גָּבַהּ; see גבהּ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גִּבְיוֹן m.n. NH collection. [Formed from גבה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גַּבָּיוּת f.n. PBH office of the ‘gabbai’, treasurership, collectorship. [A collateral form of גַּבָּאוּת.]

 

גָּבִין m.n. PBH eyebrow. [Related to Aram.–Syr. גְּבִינָא (= eyebrow), Arab. jabīn (= forehead, brow; façade, front; face), and to גִּבֵּן (n.) and גַּבָּה.]

 

גְּבִינָה f.n. cheese, curd (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 10:10). [Related to Aram. גֻּבְנָא, Syr. גְּבֶתָּא, Arab. jubn, Ethiop. gebn (= cheese). Akka. gubnatu is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: גבן ᴵᴵ, גַּבָּן, גְּבִינִי, מִגְבָּנָה.

 

גְּבִינִי adj. NH cheesy, cheeselike. [Formed from גְּבִינָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גָּבִֽיעַ m.n. 1 cup, goblet. 2 cup of gold (on the candlestick). NH 3 cup of a flower, calyx. [Related to קֻבַּעַת (= cup).] Derivatives: גְּבִיעוֹן, גְּבִיעִי.

 

גְּבִיעוֹן m.n. NH a small cup; calycle. [Formed from גָּבִיעַ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.] Derivative: גְּבִיעוֹנִית.

 

גְּבִיעוֹנִית f.n. Fritillaria (botany). [Formed from גְּבִיעוֹן with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גְּבִיעִי adj. NH cup-shaped. [Formed from גָּבִיעַ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּבִיר m.n. 1 master, lord. NH 2 a rich man. [From גבר.] Derivatives: גְּבִירוּת, גְּבִירִי.

 

גְּבִירָה f.n. 1 lady, queen, queen mother. NH 2 a rich woman, [f. of גְּבִיר.]

 

גְּבִירוֹקְרַטְיָה f.n. NH plutocracy. [A hybrid coined from גְּבִיר and Gk. – kratia (= rule of); see ◌קְרַטְיָה.]

 

גְּבִירוּת f.n. richness, wealth. [Formed from גְּבִיר with suff. ◌וּת. cp. גְּבִירִיּוּת.]

 

גְּבִירִי adj. MH rich, wealthy. [Formed from גְּבִיר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גְּבִירִיּוּת.

 

גְּבִירִיּוּת f.n. the way of rich people. [Formed from גְּבִירִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גָּבִישׁ m.n. crystal (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 28:18). [According to several scholars, identical with אֶלְגָּבִישׁ (q.v.). cp. כָּפִיס.] Derivatives: גבֹש, גְּבִישִׁי, גַּבְשׁוּשׁ, גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית.

 

גְּבִישִׁי adj. NH crystal-like, crystalline. [Formed from גָּבִישׁ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּבִישִׁיּוּת f.n. NH crystallization. [Formed from גְּבִישִׁי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גבל ᴵ to bound, border.

    — Qal - גָּבַל 1 he drew a boundary line, set a limit; 2 it bounded, bordered, was the border of; 3 it bordered upon, adjoined.

    — Niph. - נִגְבַּל was bounded, was bordered, was confined.

    — Hiph. - הִגְבִּיל 1 he set bounds about; 2 he limited, restricted; NH 3 he set, fixed, appointed (the time); MH 4 he defined.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְבַּל 1 was bordered; NH 2 was limited, was restricted; NH 3 was set, was appointed (said of time). [Denominated from גְּבוּל.] Derivatives: הֶגְבֵּל, הַגֽבָּלָה, מִגְבּוֹל, מַגֽבִּיל, מֻגְבָּל.

 

גבל ᴵᴵ to twist, wind. [Base of גַּבְלוּת and מִגְבָּלָה ᴵᴵ.]

 

גבל ᴵᴵᴵ to knead, mix.

    — Qal - גָּבַל he kneaded, mixed.

    — Niph. - נִגֽבַּל was kneaded, was mixed.

    — Pi. - גִּבֵּל he kneaded, mixed.

    — Pu. - גֻּבַּל was kneaded, was mixed.

    — Nith. - נִתְגַּבֵּל was kneaded, was mixed. [Aram.–Syr. גְּבַל (= he formed, fashioned, molded, kneaded, mixed, created), Arab. jabala (of s.m.).] Derivatives: גִּבּוּל, גָּבוּל, גַּבָּל, גַּבְלוּל, מֽגֻבָּל, מַגְבֵּלָה.

 

גַּבָּל m.n. PBH kneader. [Nomen opificum formed from גִּבֵּל (= he kneaded), Pi. of גבל ᴵᴵᴵ, after the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גֹּֽבֶל m.n. PBH border. [Related to גְּבוּל.]

 

גַּבְלוּל m.n. PBH lump of dough, roll of dough. [A dimin. formed from גבל ᴵᴵᴵ through reduplication of the third radical.]

 

גַּבְלוּת f.n. twisting, wreathed work. [Formed from גבל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּבְלִית f.n. PBH 1 balcony. NH 2 protuberance. [Prob. related to גְּבוּל (= boundary).]

 

גַּבָּן m.n. MH cheese maker. [Nomen opificis formed from גְּבִינָה (= cheese), after the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גִּבֵּן m.n. humpbacked, hunchback gibbous (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 21:20). [Lit.: ‘curved’. Related to גָּבִין (= eyebrow); see גַּב. For the form see גִּבֵּחַ.]

 

גבן ᴵ to hump, hunch (the back).

    — Pi. - גִּבֵּן he humped, hunched (the back).

    — Pu. - גֻּבַּן became hunchbacked.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּבֵּן (of s.m.). [Denominated from גִּבֵּן (= humpbacked).] Derivatives: גִּבְּנוּת, הִתְגַּבְּנוּת.

 

גבן ᴵᴵ to make cheese.

    — Pi. - גִּבֵּן he made cheese, curdled.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּבֵּן was made into cheese, was curdled. [Back formation from גְּבִינָה (= cheese).] Derivatives: הַגְבָּנָה, הִתְגַּבְּנוּת ᴵᴵ, מְגַבֵּן.]

 

גַּבְנוּן see גַּבֽנֹן.

 

גַּבְנוּנִי see גַּבְנֻנִּי.

 

גַּבְנוּנִיּוּת see גַּבֽנֻנִּיּוּת.

 

גִּבְּנוּת f.n. MH gibbosity. [Formed from גִּבֵּן (n.), with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּבְנֹן m.n. (also spelt, less exactly, גַּבֽנּוּן) 1 peak, rounded summit. MH 2 hump, hunchback. [Formed from the stem of גִּבֵּן (adj.), through reduplication of the third radical.] Derivatives: גבנן, גַּבֽנֻנִּי.

 

גבנן to hunch.

    — Pi. - גִּבֽנֵן he hunched.

    — Pu. - גֻּבְנַן (see מְגֻבְנָן).

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּבֽנֵן became hunched. [Back formation of גַּבְנֹן.]

 

גַּבְנֻנִּי adj. MH (also spelt, less exactly, גַּבְנוּנִי) 1 having peaks, convex. 2 hunch-backed. [Formed from גַּבֽנֹן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּבְנֻנִּיּוּת f.n. NH (also spelt less exactly גַּבֽנוּנִיּוּת) convexity. [Formed from גַּבֽנֻנִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גֶּֽבֶס m.n. gypsum. [From MH גִּפְסִיס (= mortar, plaster, gypsum), which, together with Arab. jibs prob. derives from Akka. gaṣṣu, whence also Syr. גַּצָּא, whence Arab. jaṣṣ, jiṣṣ, juṣṣ, qaṣṣ, qiṣṣ (= gypsum). Gk. gypsos (= chalk), is of Sem. origin.] Derivatives: גבס, גַּבָּס, גִּבְסִי, גִּבֽסָנִית, מְגֻבָּס.

 

גבס to plaster.

    — Pi. - גִּבֵּס he plastered.

    — Pu. - גֻּבַּס was plastered. [Denominated from גֶּבֶס.] Derivative: מְגֻבָּס.

 

גַּבָּס m.n. NH plasteur. [Nomen opificum formed from גֶּבֶס (= gypsum) after the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גִּבְסִי adj. NH containing gypsum. [Formed from גֶּבֶס with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּבְסָנִית f.n. NH Gypsophila (botany). [Formed from גֶּבֶס with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

 

גבע to be high, project. [Base of גִּבֽעָה, מִגְבַּעַת, גִּבְעֹל. Related to base גבב.]

 

גֶּֽבַע m.n. NH hill, height. [A secondary form of גִּבְעָה (in the Bible גֶּבַע is a place name).]

 

גִּבְעָה f.n. hill, height. [Formed from גבע with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. גֶּבַע. cp. also JAram. גִּבֽעֲתָא, Ugar. gb‘ (= hill), Akka. gab’āni (= heights).] Derivative: גִּבְעֹנֶת.

 

גִּבְעוֹל, גִּבְעֹל m.n. stalk, stem (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ex. 9:31). [Formed from גבע with affixed ל. cp. JAram. גַּבֽעוּלָא (= stalk, stem). Properly a dimin. n.] Derivative: גִּבֽעוֹלִי.

 

גִּבְעוֹלִי adj. NH stalk-shaped, stalklike. [Formed from גִּבֽעוֹל with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּבְעֹֽגֶת f.n. NH hillock. [Formed from גִּבֽעָה with dimin. suff. ◌ִֹנֶת.]

 

גבר to be strong, overpower.

    — Qal - גָּבַר 1 was strong, was mighty; 2 he conquered, overpowered; 3 grew mighty; increased.

    — Pi. - גִּבֵּר he strengthened.

    — Pu. - גֻּבַּר was strengthened.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּבֵּר 1 he prevailed; 2 he behaved himself proudly; PBH 3 he strengthened himself.

    — Hiph. - הִגְבִּיר 1 he strengthened, confirmed; MH 2 he gathered strength, strengthened himself.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְבַּר was strengthened. [JAram.–Syr. and Mand. גְּבַר (= was strong), OAram. גבר (= to be strong), Arab. ’ajbara (= he compelled, forced, overpowered), jabr (= constraint), jabarriyya (= overbearing behavior), Ethiop. gabara (= he acted), Akka. gabāru, gapāru (= to overpower).] Derivatives: גֶּבֶר ᴵ, גֶּבֶר ᴵᴵ, גִּבּוֹר, גְּבוּרָה, גְּבִיר, גַּבְרִית, גַּבְרָן, גְּבַרְתָּן, הֶגְבֵּר, הַגְבָּרָה, הִתְגַּבְּרוּת, מַגְבֵּר, מֻגֽבָּר, תגבר, תִּגְבֹּרֶת. cp. גַּבְרָא.

 

גֶּֽבֶר ᴵ m.n. 1 man, male. 2 warrior, hero. [From גבר. cp. Aram. and BAram. גְּבַר, emphatic st. גַּבְרָא, גּוּבֽרָא (= man), Samaritan gēbar, gābar, Arab. jabr (= a strong young man), Ethiop. gabr (= worker, slave), Akka. gapru (= strong). Derivatives: גַּבְרוּת, גַּבֽרִי.

 

גֶּֽבֶר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH cock, rooster. [From גֶּבֶר ᴵ. cp. גַּבֽרִית.]

 

גַּבְרָא m.n. PBH man. [Aram. See גֶּבֶר.]

 

גְּבַרְבָּר m.n. NH (colloq. גּֽבַרֽבָר) young braggart, teenager playing ‘the man’. [Formed from גֶּבֶר by reduplication of the second syllable.]

 

גַּבַּרְדִּין m.n. FW gaberdine. [Sp. gabardina, whence also Fren. gabardine (= lit.: ‘pilgrim’s frock’), from Ger. wallevart, Wallfahrt (= pilgrimage), which is compounded of wallen (= to roam, wander), and vart (= journey).]

 

גַּבְרוּת f.n. NH manhood, manliness, virility. [Formed from גֶּבֶר ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּבְרִי adj. NH manly, virile. [Formed from גֶּבֶר ᴵ with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גַּבְרִיּוּת.

 

גַּבְרִיוּת f.n. NH manhood, manliness, virility. [Formed from גַּבֽרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּבְרִית adv. PBH like a cock. [Formed from גֶּבֶר ᴵᴵ with adv. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גַּבְרָנִי adj. MH manly, manlike. [Formed from גֶּבֶר ᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

גֶּבֶֽרֶת f.n. 1 lady, queen. MH 2 mistress. NH 3 Madam, Mrs. [A collateral form of גְּבִירָה.]

 

גְּבַרְתָּן PBH 1 manly, strong. 2 strong, brave. [Formed from גֶּבֶר ᴵ with suff. ◌תָּן.] Derivative: גּֽבַרֽתָּנוּת.

 

גְּבַרְתָּנוּת f.n. manliness, strength. [Formed from גּֽבַרְתָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גבשׁ to fill with stones; to consolidate; to crystallize.

    — Qal - גָּבַשׁ he filled with stones.

    — Pi. - גִּבֵּשׁ 1 he crystallized; 2 he consolidated, condensed; 3 he stabilized.

    — Pu. - גֻּבַּשׁ 1 was crystallized; 2 was consolidated; 3 was stabilized.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּבֵּשׁ 1 was crystallized; 2 was consolidated, was condensed; 3 was stabilized. [JAram. גִּבֵּשׁ (= he heaped), Akka. gapshu (= thick, dense, massive), whence גָּבִישׁ (= crystal). In some meanings base גבשׁ is denominated from גָּבִישׁ. Related to כבשׁ.] Derivatives: גְּבוּשׁ, גִּבּוּשׁ, גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית, הִתְגַּבְּשׁוּת, מְגֻבָּשׁ.

 

גַּבְשׁוּשׁ m.n. MH tuber, tubercle; protuberance. [Prob. back formation from גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית.]

 

גַּבְשׁוּשִׁי adj. NH tuberal, tubercular, warty. [Formed from גַּבְשׁוּשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גַּבְשׁוּשִׁיּוּת.

 

גַּבְשׁוּשִׁיּוּת f.n. NH wartiness. [Formed from גַּבְשׁוּשִׁי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּבְשׁוּשִׁית f.n. PBH heap, hillock, mound. [Dimin. formed from גָּבַשׁ (= he filled with stones), through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see dimin. suff. ◌ִית. cp. גבשׁשׁ.]

 

גבשׁשׁ to hill, mound.

    — Pi. - גִּבְשֵׁשׁ he hilled, mounded.

    — Pu. - גֻּבְשַׁשׁ was hilled, was mounded.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּבְשֵׁשׁ became mounded. [Denominated from גִּבְשׁוּשִׁית.] Derivative: מְגֻבֽשָׁשׁ.

 

גֻּבְתָּה f.n. NH tube. [From Aram. גּוּבֽתָּא, which is prob. related to BAram. גֹּב, emphatic st. גֻּבָּא (= pit, cistern). See כֹּב.]

 

גִּבְּתוֹן m.n. NH bunting (kind of birds). [Coined by Mendele Mocher Sepharim (c. 1836–1917) from גַּב (= back) and suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גַּג m.n. (pl. גַּגּוֹת, also גַּגִּים) roof. [Together with Ugar. gg, of unknown etymology.] Derivatives: גַּגּוֹן, גַּגָּן, prob. also גִּגִּית.

 

גַּגּוֹן m.n. NH a small roof; awning. [Formed from גַּג with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גִּגִּית, גִּיגִית f.n. PBH 1 tub. NH 2 pail, bucket. [Prob. lit. meaning ‘a vaulted vessel’, and formed from גִּג (= roof), with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גַּגָּן m.n. NH roofer, roofmaker. [Nomen opificis formed from גַּג, according to pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גַּד ᴵ m.n. coriander. [Related to Punic gad.]

 

גַּד ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 good fortune, luck. 2 name of the god fortune (occurring often in Phoen. and Aram. inscriptions and as an element in many Phoen. and Aram. private names). MH 3 attribute of the planet Jupiter. [Related to JAram.–Syr. גַּדָּא, Egypt.–Aram., Nab. and Palm. גדא, Arab. jadd (= good fortune, luck). cp. גַּדָּא.]

 

גֵּד m.n. PBH wormwood. [Together with Aram. גִּדָּא (of s.m.), of uncertain origin.]

 

גַּדָּא m.n. PBH good fortune, luck. [JAram. See גַּד ᴵᴵ.]

 

גֻּדְגְּדָן m.n. NH cherry. [Back formation from גֻּדֽגְּדָנִית.]

 

גֻּדְגְּדָנִית f.n. PBH 1 melilote (botany). MH 2 cherry. [Of uncertain origin. According to Löw, the correct form is גרגרנית and refers to the Syr. name of the melilote, גַּרֽגְּרִיתָא. This latter word is possibly related to גַּרְגִּיר.]

 

גדד ᴵ to cut.

    — Qal - גָּדַד 1 he cut off (esp. the horns of an animal); 2 he picked (dates).

    — Niph. - נִגְדַּד 1 was cut off; 2 was picked.

    — Pi. - גִּדֵּד he cut down, destroyed.

    — Hithpol. - הִתְגּוֹדֵד he cut himself (as a sign of mourning). [BAram. גֹּדוּ, JAram. גדד, Syr. גַּד (= he cut off), Arab. jadda (= he cut off; was serious), jaddada (= he innovated), Ethiop. gedūd (= serious, weighty), Akka. gadādu (= to separate). Prob. related to קדד ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: גָּדוּד, גְּדוּד ᴵ, גְּדוּד ᴵᴵ, גִּדּוּד, גְּדוּדָה, גָּדִיד, גְּדִידָה, הִתְגּוֹדְדוּת ᴵ. cp. גָּדָה. cp. also גָּדַר ᴵᴵ.

 

גדד ᴵᴵ to gather in troops or bands.

    — Qal - גָּדַד he attacked in bands, fell upon.

    — Hithpol. - הִתְגּוֹדֵד he gathered in troops, thronged. [Denominated from גְּדוּד ᴵ.]

 

גָּדָה f.n. 1 bank (of a river). NH 2 rim (of a vessel). [Perhaps derived from גדד (= to cut), and properly denoting a precipitous bank. cp. Arab. jidda, judda (= bank of a river), Aram. גֻּדָּה (= wall).]

 

גְּדוּד ᴵ m.n. 1 marauding band (making inroads). 2 troop (a division of the army of Israel). NH 3 regiment, battalion. [From גדד ᴵ (= to cut). [For the sense development cp. Eng. section from L. secare (= to cut), division from L. dividere (= to divide). cp. Phoen. אגדדם (= ring-leader), Ethiop. gedūd (= robber), Akka. gudūdu (= marauding troop), Syr. גּוּד, גּוּדָא (= troop band), whence, according to Nöldeke, JAram., Mand. גֻּנְדָּא, Arab. jund (of s.m.). cp. also גֻּנְדָּה.] Derivatives: גדד ᴵᴵ, גְּדוּדַאי, גְּדוּדָן, גְּדוּדִי, גְּדוּדִית ᴵ. cp. גוד.

 

גְּדוּד ᴵᴵ m.n. mound (of earth), furrow. [From גדד ᴵ.]

 

גָּדוּד adj. MH 1 cut off. PBH 2 cut (said of a palm tree whose dates have been picked. [Pass. part. of גָּדַד (= he cut off). See גדד ᴵ.]

 

גִּדּוּד m.n. PBH 1 a steep embankment. NH 2 abrasia (geology). [From גדד; formally verbal n. of גִּדֵּד, Pi. of גדד ᴵ.]

 

גְּדוּדַאי m.n. NH member of a regiment. [Formed from גְּדוּד ᴵ with suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

גְּדוּדָה f.n. cut, incision; (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 48:37). [From גדד ᴵ.]

 

גְּדוּדִי adj. NH regimental. [Formed from גְּדוּד ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּדוּדִית ᴵ f.n. PBH ruins of a wall. [Prob. dimin. of גְּדוּד ᴵᴵ.]

 

גְּדוּדִית ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH a small band, a small caravan. [Dimin. of גּֽדוּד ᴵ.]

 

גְּדוּדָן f.n. NH member of a regiment. [Formed from גְּדוּד ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גָּדוֹל adj. 1 great, large, big. 2 strong. 3 noble, honored. [From גדל ᴵ, whence also Syr. גְּדִיל (= high — said of a mountain), Ugar. gdl (= great, large). According to Barth, גָּדוֹל stands for orig. gadāl; Bauer–Leander, however, sees in it a gadul form.] Derivative: גַּדְלָן.

 

גִּדּוּל m.n. PBH 1 growing, growth. PBH 2 raising, rearing. PBH 3 plant. NH 4 tumor. NH 5 development. [Verbal n. of גִּדֵּל (= he caused to grow), Pi. of גדל ᴵ.]

 

גָּדוּם adj. PBH cut off, maimed, amputated. [Pass. part. of גָּדַם. See גדם.]

 

גִּדּוּם m.n. NH cutting off, amputation. [Verbal n. of גִּדֵּם, Pi. of גדם.]

 

גָּדּֽוּעַ adj. cut (said of a tree), cut off, felled, hewed down. [Pass. part. of גָּדַע; see גדע.]

 

גִּדּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 cutting (of a tree), felling, hewing down. 2 piece of a tree cut off. [Verbal n. of גִּדַּע, Pi. of גדע.]

 

גָּדוּף adj. PBH disgraceful, shameful. [From גדף.]

 

גִּדּוּף m.n. scorn, abuse, reviling. [From גדף, whence also JAram.–Syr. גֻּדָּפָא, Mand. gadupa (of s.m.).]

 

גִּדּוּפָה, גְּדוּפָה scorn, abuse, reviling (in the Bible occurring Is. 45:7 and Ezek. 5:15). [f. formed from גִּדּוּף.]

 

גָּדוּר adj. PBH 1 fenced. 2 restrained. [Pass. part. of גָּדַר; see גדר.]

 

גִּדּוּר m.n. PBH 1 fencing. 2 restraining. [Verbal n. of גִּדֵּר (= he fenced in), Pi. of גדר.]

 

גָּדוּשׁ adj. PBH brimful, crowded. [Pass. part. of גָּדַשׁ. See גדש ᴵ.] Derivative: גְּדִישׁוּת.

 

גְּדִי m.n. 1 kid, young goat. PBH 2 Capricorn. [Related to Phoen. גדא, JAram.–Syr. and Mand. גַּדְיָא, OAram. גדא, Ugar. gdy, Arab. jady, Akka. gadu. cp. גַּדֽיָא.] Derivatives: גְּדִיָּה, גִּדְיִי.

 

גַּדְיָא m.n. PBH kid. [JAram.; see גְּדִי.]

 

גָּדִיד m.n. NH 1 dates picking. 2 dates-picking season. [Verbal n. formed from גדד ᴵᴵ.]

 

גְּדִידָה f.n. PBH 1 incision. 2 picking (of dates). [Verbal n. of גָּדַד. See גדד ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּדִיָּה f.n. kid (f.). [f. formed from גְּדִי.]

 

גִּדְיִי adj. NH of a kid. [Formed from גְּדִי with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גָּדִיל m.n. 1 tassel, fringe. 2 festoon (on capitals of columns). [From גדל ᴵᴵ, whence also Aram.–Syr. גּֽדִילְתָא (= plait or braid of hair), Arab. jadīla (= braid, plait). cp. גְּדִילָן.]

 

גְּדִילָה ᴵ f.n. PBH growing, growth, increase. [Verbal n. of גָּדַל (= he grew up). See גדל ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּדִילָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH twisting, plaiting. [Verbal n. of גָּדַל (= he twisted, plaited). See גדל ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּדִילָן m.n. NH Silybum (botany). [Formed from גּֽדִיל with suff. ◌ָן; so called in allusion to the tassel-like thistles.]

 

גְּדִיעָה f.n. MH cutting off, felling, hewing down. [Verbal n. of גָּדַע. See גדע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּדִיפָה f.n. NH scorning, abusing, reviling, blaspheming. [Verbal n. of גָּדַף. See גדף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּדִירָה f.n. NH 1 fencing. PBH 2 restraining. [Verbal n. of גָּדַר. See גדר ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גָּדִישׁ ᴵ m.n. heap, stack. [From גדש ᴵ. cp. JAram.–Syr. גּֽדִישָׁא, Samaritan קדיש. Arab. gadīs (= heap) is a Syr. loan word.]

 

גָּדִישׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. mound (on a grave), tomb (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 21:32). [Related to Arab. jadath (= tomb).]

 

גְּדִישָׁה f.n. MH heaping, piling, stacking. [Verbal n. of גָּדַשׁ. See גדשׁ ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּדִישׁוּת f.n. NH overflowing. [Formed from גָּדוּשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גדל ᴵ to be great.

    — Qal - גָּדַל 1 he grew up; 2 became great; 3 became rich; 4 was brought up.

    — Niph. - נִגְדַּל became great.

    — Pi. - גִּדֵּל 1 he caused to grow; 2 he made great; 3 he raised, reared; 4 he magnified.

    — Pu. - גֻּדַּל was raised, was reared.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּדֵּל 1 he magnified himself; 2 he praised himself, boasted; PBH 3 he was reared, grew up.

    — Hiph. - הִגְדִּיל 1 he made great; 2 he magnified; 3 he did great things; PBH 4 he grew up, came of age.

    — Hoph. - הֻגֽדַּל was enlarged. [Ugar. gdl (= great, large), Syr. גְּדִיל (= high), Arab. jadala (= became strong), Ethiop. gadala (= was worth).] Derivatives: גָּדוֹל, גִּדּוּל, גְּדִילָה ᴵ, גָּדֵל ᴵ, גֹּדֶל, גַּדְלוּת, גַּדְלָן, הַגֽדָּלָה, הִתְגַּדְּלוּת, מִגְדָּל, מֻגְדָּל, מְגֻדָּל, מַגְדֶּלֶת, מְגַדֶּלֶת. cp. the first element in מִגְדַּלּוֹר.

 

גדל ᴵᴵ to twist, plait.

    — Qal - גָּדַל he twisted, plaited.

    — Pi. - גִּדֵּל he plaited. [JAram.–Syr. and Mand. גְּדַל (= he twisted, plaited), Arab. jadala (= he twisted firmly), Akka. gidlu (= string of onions). Some scholars identify גדל ᴵ and גדל ᴵᴵ. According to them the phases of the sense development of this base would have been ‘to twist’, ‘to twist a cord’, ‘to make strong’, ‘to make large or great’. For a similar sense development see כבר ᴵ and כבר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: גָּדִיל, גְּדִילָה ᴵᴵ, גְּדִילָן, גַּדָּל.

 

גָּדֵל ᴵ adj. growing, becoming great, increasing. [From גדל ᴵ.]

 

גָּדֵל ᴵᴵ adj. MH twisted, plaited. [From גדל ᴵᴵ.]

 

גֹּֽדֶל m.n. 1 greatness, magnitude. 2 majesty, magnificence. [From גדל ᴵ.]

 

גַּדָּל m.n. PBH hairdresser. [Nomen opificis formed from גִּדֵּל (= he plaited), Pi. of גדל ᴵᴵ, according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גְּדַלְדַּל adj. NH not too large, not too great. [Formed on the analogy of יְרַקְרַק (= greenish), אַדַמְדַּם (= reddish), from גָּדוֹל (= large, great).]

 

גְּדֻלָּה f.n. 1 greatness. 2 great deeds. PBH 3 high position, dignity. [Formed from גדל ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גַּדְלוּת f.n. MH 1 haughtiness, arrogance. NH 2 greatness, dignity. [Formed from the stem of גָּדוֹל (= great), with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּדְלָן m.n. NH haughty, arrogant. [Formed from גָּדַל (= was great; see גדל ᴵ), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּדְלָנוּת.

 

גַּדְלָנוּת f.n. NH haughtiness, arrogance. [Formed from גַּדְלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גדם to cut off, amputate.

    — Qal - גָּדַם he cut off, amputated.

    — Niph. - נִגֽדַּם was cut off, was amputated.

    — Pi. - גִּדֵּם he cut off, amputated.

    — Nith. - נִתֽגַּדֵּם was cut off, was amputated. [Syr. גְּדַם (= he cut down, hewed down), Arab. jadama, jadhama (= he cut off, chopped off). Related to גזם.] Derivatives: גִּדֵּם, גָּדוּם, גִּדּוּם, גֶּדֶם, גַּרְדּוֹם ᴵᴵ.

 

גִּדֵּם adj. PBH one whose hand is cut off, maimed amputee. [From גדם. The ground form qiṭṭēl serves to form adjectives denoting a bodily or mental defect.] Derivative: גִּדְּמוּת.

 

גֶּֽדֶם m.n. NH stump, trunk. [From גדם.]

 

גִּדְּמוּת f.n. NH the state of being maimed, the state of being amputated. [Formed from גִּדֵּם with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּדְנָ״ע m.n. NH ‘Gadna’ — national premilitary cadet corps (in Israel). [Abbr. of גְּדוּדֵי־נֹעַר (= youth battalions).]

 

גַּדְנָעִי adj. NH related to, or connected with, ‘Gadna’. [Formed from גַּדֽנָ״ע with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גדע to cut, cut off, cut (hew) down, lop off, fell, destroy.

    — Qal - גָּדַע he cut, cut off, cut (hew) down.

    — Niph. - נִגֽדַּע 1 was cut off; 2 was smashed, was destroyed.

    — Pi. - גִּדַּע he cut off, smashed.

    — Pu. - גֻּדַּע was cut off, was smashed.

    — Nith. - נִתְגַדַּע was cut off. [Aram. גְּדַע, Arab. jada‘a. Close to קטע.] Derivatives: גֶּדַע, גָּדוּעַ, גִּדּוּעַ, גְּדִיעָה, גִּדֵּע.

 

גִּדֵּֽעַ adj. NH dehorned (animal). [From גדע. For the form qiṭṭēl see גִּדֵּם.]

 

גדף to revile, blaspheme.

    — Pi. - גִּדֵּף he scorned, abused, reviled, blasphemed.

    — Pu. - גֻּדַּף was scorned, was abused, was reviled, was blasphemed. [JAram. גִּדֵּף (= he reviled, blasphemed), Arab. jadafa (= he cursed, blasphemed), Ethiop. gadafa (= he threw stones; also charges, accusation). The orig. meaning of this base was ‘to throw at, hurl at’. For sense development cp. Gk. diaballein (= to throw across; to calumniate, slander).] Derivatives: גָּדוּף, גִּדּוּף, גִּדּוּפָה, גְּדוּפָה, גְּדִיפָה, גַּדְּפָן, מְגֻדָּף.

 

גָּדָף m.n. MH long feather (in a bird’s wing). [From JAram. גַּדְפָּא. See אֲגַף and cp. גַף (= wing).]

 

גַּדְּפָן m.n. PBH abuser, reviler, blasphemer. [Formed from גִּדֵּף (see גדף) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּדְּפָנוּת.

 

גַּדְּפָנוּת f.n. NH abusing, reviling, blasphemy. [Formed from גַּדְּפָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גדר ᴵ to fence in, enclose.

    — Qal - גָּדַר 1 he fenced in, enclosed, walled up; NH 2 was fenced in.

    — Pi. - גִּדֵּר he fenced in, enclosed.

    — Pu. - גֻּדַּר was fenced in, was enclosed.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּדֵּר PBH 1 he boasted, was presumptuous; PBH 2 he distinguished himself; NH 3 he restrained himself.

    — Hiph. - הִגְדִּיר he defined.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְדַּר was defined. [Prob. denominated from גָּדֵר. cp. JAram. גְּדַר (= he fenced in, enclosed), which is prob. denominated from גְּדֵרָא, גָּדֵרָא (= enclosing-wall), Arab. jaddara (= he enclosed with a wall), which prob. derives from jadr, jidr or jidār (= wall).] Derivatives: גְּדֵרָה, גְּדֶרֶת, גּוֹדֵר, גְּדִירָה, הַגֽדָּרָה, הִתְגַּדְּרוּת, מַגְדִּיר, מֻגְדָּר, מְגֻדָּר. cp. גִּדֽרוֹן. cp. also גנדר.

 

גדר ᴵᴵ to pick (dates).

    — Qal - גָּדַר he picked (dates).

    — Pi. - גִּדֵּד he cut, stabbed. [Another reading for גדד.]

 

גָּדֵר f.n. (pl. גּֽדֵרִים, also גּֽדֵרוֹת) fence, hedge, enclosure, wall. [Related JAram. גָּדֵירָא, גּֽדֵירָא (= fence), Arab. jadr (= wall of enclosure), jadīr (= walled place), Phoen. place name הגדר and אגדר, — whence Gadeira (= Gades, now Cadix) — Berber agadir (= fortress, castle). cp. גְּדֵרָה, גְּדֶרֶת.]

 

גְּדֵרָה f.n. 1 fence, hedge, wall. 2 penfold of stones. [From גדר ᴵ, whence also JAram. גּוּדְרִיתָא (= penfold of stones), Arab. jadīra (= of s.m.). cp. גְּדֶרֶת.] Derivative: גּוֹדְרוֹת.

 

גִּדְרוֹן m.n. NH wren (kind of bird). [Coined by Mendele Mocher Sepharim (c. 1836–1917) prob. as a loan translation of Ger. Zaunkönig (= wren; lit.: ‘king of the hedge’), from גָּדֵר (= hedge), with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גְּדֶֽרֶת f.n. wall of stones (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 42:12). [A secondary form of גּֽדֵרָה.]

 

גדשׁ ᴵ to heap up.

    — Qal - גָּדַשׁ PBH 1 he heaped up, piled up; PBH 2 he measured with a large measure; NH 3 it overflowed.

    — Niph. - נִגֽדַּשׁ was heaped up, was piled up.

    — Pi. - גִּדֵּשׁ he heaped up, piled up.

    — Pu. - גֻּרַּשׁ 1 was heaped up, was piled up; 2 was compressed.

    — Nith. - נִתְגַּדֵּשׁ was heaped up, was piled up.

    — Hiph. - הִגְדִּישׁ he heaped up, piled up, stacked.

    — Hoph. - הֻגֽדַּשׁ was heaped up, was piled up, was stacked. [Aram. גֽדַשׁ, Arab. kadasa (= he heaped up).] Derivatives: גָּדוּשׁ, גָּדִישׁ ᴵ, גְּדִישָׁה, גֹּדֶשׁ, הַגְדָּשָׁה.

 

גדש ᴵᴵ base of גָּדִישׁ ᴵᴵ.

 

גֹּֽדֶשׁ m.n. PBH overflowing, surplus, redundance. [From גדשׁ ᴵ.]

 

גַּהַאי m.n. NH hygienist. [Nomen opificis coined from גֵּהוּת according to the pattern פַּעָל. For the ending see agential suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

גהה ᴵ to heal.

    — Qal - גָּהָה he healed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 5:13).

    — Hiph. - הִגְהָה he healed. [Syr. גְּהָא (= he fled, escaped), אַגְהִי (= he set free, delivered — esp. from a disease), Arab. tajahjaha (= receded, held back), Ethiop. gāhgeha (= he set free, delivered.] Derivatives: גַּהַאי, גֵּהָה, גֵּהוּת, תַּגְהוּת.

 

גהה ᴵᴵ to blind.

    — Hiph. - הִגְהָה he blinded. [Related to כהה ᴵ.]

 

גהה ᴵᴵᴵ to incline (said of a wall).

    — Qal - גָּהָה it inclined. [A collateral form of גהה ᴵᴵ.]

 

גֵּהָה f.n. healing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 17:22). [From גהה ᴵ. cp. כֵּהָה. Several scholars connect גֵּהָה with Arab. giha, a collateral form of wajh (= face), and accordingly render גֵּהָה by ‘face’.]

 

גָּהוּץ adj. MH 1 cleaned, polished. 2 pressed, ironed. [Pass. part. of גָּהַץ. See גהץ ᴵ.]

 

גִּהוּץ m.n. PBH 1 polishing. MH 2 pressing, ironing. [Verbal n. of גִּהֵץ, Pi. of גהץ.]

 

גִּהוּק m.n. MH belch, belching. [Verbal n. of גִּהֵק, Pi. of גהק.]

 

גֵּהוּת f.n. NH hygiene. [Formed from גהה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.] Derivative: גֵּהוּתִי.

 

גֵּהוּתִי adj. NH hygienic. [Formed from גֵּהוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּהִיטָה f.n. NH carving, engraving. [From Aram. גְּהַט (= he erased, polished over). See גהץ ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּהִיקָה f.n. NH belch, belching. [Verbal n. of גָּהַק. See גהק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּהִירָה f.n. NH bending over, crouching. [Verbal n. of גָּהַר. See גהר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גהץ ᴵ to clean, to iron.

    — Qal - גָּהַץ he pressed, ironed.

    — Niph. - נִגְהַץ PBH 1 was cleaned, was polished; MH 2 was pressed, was ironed.

    — Pi. - גִּהֵץ PBH 1 he cleaned, polished; MH 2 he pressed, ironed.

    — Pu. - גֹהַץ PBH 1 was cleaned, was polished; MH 2 was pressed, was ironed.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּהֵץ (of s.m.).

    — Hiph. - הִגְהִיץ he cleaned, polished. [JAram. גְּהַט (= he erased, polished over), Arab. jaḥasa (of s.m.).] Derivatives: גָּהוּץ, גִּהוּץ, גַּהַץ ᴵ, גֶּהָץ, מַגְהֵץ, מְגֹהָץ, מִגְהָצָה, תִּגְהֹצֶת. cp. גְּהִיטָה.

 

גהץ ᴵᴵ to rejoice.

    — Qal - גָּהַץ he was glad, rejoiced. [Prob. related to Arab. jahaẓa (= he looked proudly); properly ‘he had the eyeballs protruded’.] Derivative: גַּהַץ ᴵᴵ.

 

גַּֽהַץ ᴵ m.n. NH tidiness, neatness. [From גהץ ᴵ.]

 

גַּֽהַץ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH joy. [From גהץ ᴵᴵ.]

 

גֶּהָץ m.n. NH ironer. [Nomen opificis formed from גִּהֵץ (= he ironed), Pi. of גהץ ᴵ, according to the pattern פֶּעָל. See בֶּחָן and cp. words there referred to.]

 

גֶּהָצוּת f.n. NH ironer’s trade. [Formed from גֶּהָץ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גהק to belch.

    — Qal - גָּהַק he belched.

    — Pi. - גִּהֵק he belched.

    — Hiph. - הִגֽהִיק he caused to belch.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְהַק he was made to belch. [Prob. of imitative origin.] Derivatives: גִּהוּק, גְּהִיקָה, גַּהַק, הַגְהָקָה. cp. שִׁהֵק.

 

גַּֽהַק m.n. NH belch, belching. [From גהק.]

 

גהר to bend, bow, stoop.

    — Qal - גָּהַר he bent over, stretched himself, crouched (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 4:34 in the form וַיִּגֽהַר). [Related to גחן. cp. Syr. גְּהֵן, Mand. and Egypt.–Aram. גהן (= he bent, bowed stooped).] Derivatives: גּֽהִירָה, גַּהַר.

 

גַּֽהַר m.n. NH bending over, crouching. [From גהר.]

 

גַּו ᴵ, גֵּו ᴵ m.n. back, body. [Prob. related to גַּב. cp. גְּוִיָּה, גֵּוָה ᴵ, גּוֹי.]

 

גֵּו ᴵᴵ, גַּו ᴵᴵ m.n. inside, interior. [BAram. גּוּא, Aram. גּוֹ. Related to JAram., Syr., Mand. גַּוָּא, Arab. jaww (= the interior — esp. of a house), jawwan (= inside), jiwa (= lowland), and prob. also to jā’a (= he came; orig.: ‘he entered’). cp. מִגּוֹ, מִלְּגֵו.

 

גּוֹאֵל m.n. 1 redeemer, deliverer. 2 kinsman, relative. [Act. part. of גָּאַל. See גאל ᴵ.]

 

גּוּאָשׁ m.n. FW gouache (a method of painting with watercolors). [Fren. gouache, from It. guazzo, orig. meaning ‘a place where there is water’, derived from L. aquātiō (= he act of watering), from aquātus, p. part. of aquārī (= to bring water for drinking), from aqua (= water). See ‘aquatic’ in my CEDEL.]

 

גוב to answer, reply, to react.

    — Hiph. - הֵגִיב 1 he answered, he replied; 2 he reacted. [Borrowed from Aram. גוב (= to answer), which is related to Arab. ’ajāba (= he answered).] Derivatives: הֶגֵּב, הַגָבָה, מָגוֹב, מֵגִיב, תְּגוּבָה.

 

גּוֹב, גּוֹבַאי, גּוֹבַי m.n. sing. & pl. locusts. [Related to Aram. גּוֹבָא, pl. גּוֹבָאַי, Arab. jābiyy (= locusts).]

 

גּוֹבֶה m.n. MH collector (of debts, dues or taxes). [Subst. use of the act. part. of גָּבָה; see גבה.]

 

גּוּבַיְנָא, גּוּבַיְנָה f.n. PBH resp. NH collection (esp. of debts). [Aram., from גְּבָא (= he collected). See גבה.]

 

גּוֹבְּלֶן m.n. FW Gobelin. [Fren. Gobelin, named after the French dyers Gilles and Jenan Gobelin, who established near Paris a factory of tapestry (about the middle of the fifteenth century).]

 

גּוּבְתָּה see גֻּבְתָּה.

 

גוד to fall upon.

    — Qal - גָּד he fell upon, attacked. [Denominated from גְּדוּדּ (= troop, band).]

 

גּוֹד m.n. PBH a leathern bottle. [Together with Aram.–Syr. גּוֹדָא (of s.m.), of uncertain origin.]

 

ג׳וּדוֹ m.n. FW judo (a modern form of jujitsu). [Japanese jūdō, from jū (= soft), and dō (= road, way).]

 

גּוּדָל m.n. PBH thumb. [A collateral form of אֲגוּדָל.]

 

גּוֹדְפָן m.n. PBH abuser, reviler, blasphemer. [Formed from גדף with agential suff. ◌ָן. cp. גַּדּֽפָן.]

 

גּוֹדֵר m.n. fencemaker; builder, mason. [Subst. use of the act. part. of גָּדַר. See גדר ᴵ.]

 

גּוֹדְרוֹת f.n. pl. PBH sheep living in folds; livestock. [From גּֽדֵרָה.]

 

גֵּוָה ᴵ f.n. back, body (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 20:25). [f. formed from גֵּו ᴵ. cp. גּֽוִיָּה.]

 

גֵּוָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. pride (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 22:29). [Contraction of גַּאֲוָה (= pride).]

 

גִּוּוּן m.n. NH coloring, making colorful, variegation. [Verbal n. of גִּוֵּן, Pi. of גון.]

 

גִּוּוּשׁ m.n. NH forming blocks. [Verbal n. of גִּוֵּשׁ, Pi. of גושׁ.]

 

גוז to pass away, disappear.

    — Qal - גָּז 1 he passed away, disappeared; 2 he caused to fly, sent flying, brought over.

    — Niph. - נָגוֹז he passed away, disappeared.

    — Hiph. - הֵגִיז he sent flying, brought over (through the air). [Syr. גּוּז (= to pass away, disappear), Arab. jāza (= he passed by, passed over), OSArab. גוז (= to pass by).] Derivatives: גִּיזָה, הֲגָזָה.

 

גּוֹזֵז m.n. shearer. [Subst. use of the act. part. of גָּזָז; see גזז.]

 

גּוֹזָל m.n. (pl. גּוֹזָלִים, also גּוֹזָלוֹת) 1 young bird, chick. 2 young pigeon. PBH 3 a delicate child. [Related to JAram. גּוֹזָלָא, Syr. (metathesized) זוּגַלָּא, Arab. jauzal (= a young pigeon).]

 

גּוּזְמָה see גֻּזֽמָה.

 

גּוֹזֵר m.n. NH 1 cutter (tailoring). NH 2 circumciser. [Subst. use of the act. part. of גָּזַר; see גזר.]

 

גּוּטַפֶּרְשָׁה f.n. FW gutta-percha. [Lit.: ‘gum of the gutta-percha tree’, from Malay gĕtah (= gum, balsam), and pĕrcha, name of the tree yielding this gum; influenced in form by L. gutta (= a drop).]

 

גּוֹי m.n. 1 nation, people. PBH 2 Gentile. NH 3 an irreligious Jew. [Of uncertain origin; possibly related to גֵּו (= body), and properly denoting an ethnic ‘body’.] Derivatives: גּוֹיָה, גּוֹיוּת, גּוֹיִי.

 

גְּוִי m.n. PBH body. [Back formation from גְּוִיָּה.]

 

גּוּיָבָה f.n. FW guava. [From Sp. guayaba (= fruit of the guava tree), guayabo (= the guava tree), from Topi guajava.]

 

גּוֹיָה f.n. PBH a Gentile woman. [f. of גּוֹי.]

 

גְּוִיָּה f.n. 1 body. 2 corpse. [Prob. related to גֵּו (= back, body). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. the related JAram., Samaritan גִּוְיָתָא, Syr. גְּוָיָא, and Mand. גיותא (= inward parts).] Derivative: גְּוִי.

 

גּוֹיוּת f.n. MH state of being a Gentile; heathenism. [Formed from גּוֹי with suff. ◌וּת. cp. גַּיּוּת.]

 

גּוֹיִי adj. Gentile. [Formed from גּוֹי with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּוִיל m.n. PBH 1 unhewn stone. 2 parchment. Derivative: גְּוִילִי.

 

גְּוִילִי adj. NH parchmentlike. [Formed from גְּוִיל with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּוִיעָה f.n. PBH dying, death. [Verbal n. of גָּוַע; see גוע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גּוֹלָה f.n. 1 exile, diaspora. 2 (collectively) exiles. [f. part. of גָּלָה; see גלה ᴵᴵ. cp. Arab. jalin (= one emigrating), jāliya (= a company of exiles).]

 

גּוֹלֶה m.n. exile. [Subst. use of the part. of גָּלָה; see גלה ᴵᴵ and cp. גּוֹלָה.]

 

גּוֹלֵל m.n. PBH 1 stone covering the entrance of a burial cave. MH 2 tombstone. [From גלל.]

 

גּוֹלְף m.n. FW golf. [Eng. golf; of uncertain origin. It derives perhaps from Dutch colf, colve, kolf (= club for striking balls).]

 

גּוּלָשׁ m.n. FW goulash. [Hungarian gulyás (hus) (lit.: ‘meat of a herdsman’), from gulya (= herd).]

 

גּוּמְאֲוִיר m.n. NH foam rubber. [Compounded of גּוּם, a contraction of גּוּמִי (= rubber), and אֲוִיר (= air).]

 

גּוּמָה see גֻּמָה.

 

גּוּמִי m.n. FW rubber. [L. cummi, gummi, from Gk. kommi, ultimately from Egypt. kmj-t.] Derivative: גּוּמִיָּה.

 

גּוּמִיָּה f.n. PBH rubber band. [From גּוּמִי. For the ending see suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

גּוֹמֵל m.n. PBH 1 doer. 2 benefactor. [Subst. use of the act. part. of גָּמַל; see גמל ᴵᴵ.]

 

גּוֹמְלִין m.n. pl. PBH reciprocity. [pl. of גּוֹמֵל, act. part. of גמל.]

 

גּוּמָץ see גֻּמָּץ.

 

גָּוֶן m.n. PBH color, tint, hue. [From Aram. and Syr. גַּוֽנָא. See גון.] Derivatives: גון, גַּוֽנוּן, גּוֹנִית, מִגֽוָן, מִגֽוֶנֶת. cp. the second element in חַדְגּוֹנִי, סַסְגּוֹנִי, סַסְגֹּנֶת, רַבְגּוֹנִי. cp. also גַּוְּנָא.

 

גון to color.

    — Pi. - גִּוֶּן he colored, made colorful, variegated.

    — Pu. - גֻּוַּן was colored, was made colorful, was variegated.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּוֵּן changed color, was variegated.

    — Pil. (see . - גונן ). [Denominated from גָּוֶן.] Derivatives: גִּוּוּן, הִתְגַּוְּנוּת, מֽגֻוָּן.

 

גַּוְנָא m.n. PBH 1 color. 2 manner, way. [Aram., from Pers. gūn, gūne (= color).] Derivative: גָּוֶן.

 

גּוֹנְג m.n. FW gong. [Malay gong, of imitative origin.]

 

גּ׳וּנְגְּל m.n. FW jungle. [Hindustani jangal (= desert, forest), from Old I. jangalaḥ (= dry ground, waste land, desert), which is of uncertain origin.]

 

גּוּנְדָּה see גֻּנְדָּה.

 

גּוֹנְדוֹלָה f.n. FW gondola. [It. gondola, from gondola (= to waver, vacillate), which is prob. of imitative origin.]

 

גּוּנְדְּלִית adv. PBH invertedly (said of writing), writing (Hebrew) from left to right. [Prob. of Persian origin.]

 

גּוּנְדָּר see גֻּנְדָּר.

 

גַּוְנוּן m.n. NH tinge. [Formed from גָּוֶן through reduplication of the נ.] Derivatives: גונן, גַּוְנוּנִי.

 

גִּוְנוּן m.n. NH tingeing, tinting, variegation. [Verbal n. of גונן.]

 

גַּוְנוּנִי adj. NH multicolored, variegated. [Formed from גַּוְנוּן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גַּוְנוּנִיּוּת.

 

גַּוְנוּנִיּוּת f.n. NH variety of colors, variegation. [Formed from גַּוְנוּנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

◌גּוֹנִי NH combining form meaning ‘–colored’ (as in רַבְגּוֹנִי, ‘multicolored’). [Formed from גּוֹן, c. st. of גָּוֶן, with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: ◌גּוֹנִיּוּת.

 

◌גּוֹנִיּוּת NH combining form meaning ‘-coloredness’ (as in רַבְגּוֹנִיּוּת, ‘multicoloredness, variegation’). [Formed from ◌גּוֹנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גּוֹנִית f.n. NH nuance. [Formed from גָּוֶן with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גונן to tinge, tint, variegate.

    — Pil. - גִּוְגֵן he tinged, tinted, variegated.

    — Pu. - גֻּוְנַן was tinged, was tinted, was variegated.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּוְנֵן changed color, was variegated. [Pil. of גון.] Derivative: גִּוְנוּן.

 

גוס to cut, break.

    — Qal - גָּס he cut, broke.

    — Hiph. - הֵגִיס he stirred, mixed.

    — Hoph. - הוּגַס was stirred, was mixed. [Related to נגס.] Derivative: הֲגָסָה.

 

גּוֹסֵס adj. PBH dying, moribund. [Pass. part. of גָּסַס (= he was dying); see גסס.] Derivative: גּוֹסְסוּת.

 

גּוֹסְסוּת f.n. NH state of dying. [Formed from גּוֹסֵס with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גוע to die, perish.

    — Qal - גָּוַע he died, expired, perished.

    — Hiph. - הִגְוִיעַ he caused to die. [Arab. jā‘a (= he was hungry; he starved), jā’i‘ (= hungry), jū‘ (= hunger). For sense development cp. Old Eng. steorfan, Middle Eng. sterven (= to die), with Eng. starve (= to die from hunger). Derivative: גְּוִיעָה.

 

גּוֹעֵשׁ adj. NH stormy, storming, agitated. [Pres. Part. of גָּעַשׁ; see געשׁ.]

 

גוף to close, shut.

    — Qal - גָּף he stopped, closed, shut.

    — Hiph. - הֵגִיף he closed, shut (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Neh. 7:3 in the form יָגִיפוּ).

    — Hoph. - הוּגַף was closed, was shut. [Aram. גוף, Arab. ’ajāfa (= he shut), Syr. אֶתְגַּיַּף (= was shut). Related to גפף. cp. גָּפָה.] Derivatives: הֲגָפָה, מָגוֹף, מְגוּפָה, מוּגָף. cp. מַגָּף.

 

גּוּף m.n. PBH (pl. גּוּפִים, also גּוּפוֹת) , 1 body. 2 substance, essence. [Related to Biblical Heb. גּוּפָה, Aram. גּוּפָא (= body, person), Tigre gōf (= body inside), Arab. jafa (= was hollow). cp. גּוּפָא. cp. also גַּף ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: גּוּפִי, גּוּפִיָּה, גּוּפִיף, גּוּפָנִי.

 

גּוּפָא m.n. PBH 1 body. PBH 2 the subject dealt with. NH 3 proper; the very thing. [Aram., emphatic st., lit. meaning ‘the body’. See גּוּף.]

 

גּוּפָה f.n. body, corpse (in the Bible occurring only Chron. I 10:12 in the c. st. גּוּפַת and in the c. st. pl. גּוּפֹת). [See גּוּף and cp. Arab. jīfa (= corpse).]

 

גּוּפִי adj. MH bodily, corporal, physical. [Formed from גּוּף with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גּוּפִיּוּת.

 

גּוּפִיָּה f.n. NH undershirt. [Formed from גּוּף with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

 

גּוּפִיּוּת f.n. MH corporeality. [Formed from גּוּפִיָּה with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גּוּפִיף m.n. NH corpuscle. [Dimin. formed from גּוּף through reduplication of the פ.]

 

גּוֹפָן m.n. PBH script, kind or form of letters. [Perhaps borrowed from Gk. grapheion (= writing), from graphein (= to write).]

 

גּוּפָנִי adj. MH bodily, corporal, physical. [Formed from גּוּף with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: גּוּפָנִיּוּת.

 

גּוּפָנִיּוּת f.n. MH corporeality. [Formed from גּוּפָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גּוּפְנָן see גֻּפֽנָן.]

 

גּוּץ adj. PBH of small stature, short. [From JAram. גּוּץ, גּוּצָא (= short; lit.: ‘cut off’), from JAram. גוץ (= to gnaw, bite; to bite off; to cut off, be short), whence also JAram. גָּיֵץ (= gnawing, biting). See גיץ.] Derivative: גּוּצִיּוּת.

 

גּ׳וּק m.n. FW cockroach. [Yiddish, from Russ.]

 

גור ᴵ to sojourn, dwell.

    — Qal - גָּר he sojourned, dwelled.

    — Hithpol. - הִתְגוֹרֵר 1 he sojourned, dwelled; 2 it burst forth. [JAram. גור (= to be a stranger, sojourn, dwell), Phoen. גר, Ugar. gr (= a foreign resident, sojourner), Arab. jāwara (= was the neighbor of), giwār (= neighborhood). The orig. meaning of this base prob. was ‘to turn off, leave the way’ whence ‘to be a stranger, to sojourn’.] Derivatives: גֵּר, הִתְגּוֹרְרוּת, מָגוֹר ᴵ, מְגוּרִים.

 

גור ᴵᴵ to fear.

    — Qal - גָּר was afraid, feared. [A secondary form of יגר.] Derivatives: מָגוֹר ᴵᴵ, מְגוֹרָה, מְגוּרָה ᴵᴵ.

 

גור ᴵᴵᴵ to attack.

    — Qal - גָּר he attacked, assailed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 59:4 in the form יָגוּרוּ). [Arab. jāra‘al (= he acted wrongfully against); possibly related to base גרה.]

 

גּוּר, גּוֹר m.n. (pl. גּוּרִים, also גּוֹרִים; f. גּוּרָה) cub, whelp. [Related to Aram. גּוּר, גּוּרָא, Syr. גּוּרְיָא, Arab. jarw, jirw (= cub, whelp), Akka. gerru (= whelp).] Derivative: גּוּרִית.

 

גּוֹרְדִּי adj. FW Gordian. [Lit.: ‘pertaining to Gordius’, king of Phrygia, or the knot tied by him.]

 

גְּוַרְדְּיָה f.n. FW 1 guard. 2 (fig.) élite, a choice part. [Fren. garde (= watching, keeping, custody).]

 

גּוּרָה see גּוּר.

 

גּוֹרִילָה f.n. FW gorilla. [Gk. gorilla, from an African word quoted by the Punic navigator Hanno in Periplus (about 470 B.C.E.).]

 

גּוּרִית f.n. PBH a young female cub. [f. formed from גּוּר.]

 

גּוֹרָל m.n. 1 lot. 2 portion. 3 fortune. [The orig. meaning of גּוֹרָל prob. was ‘a small stone, pebble, a small stone for casting lots’, hence it is related to Arab. jaral, jarwal (= stones, pebbles). Gk. korallion (= coral), is prob. formed from Heb. גּוֹרָל with Gk. dimin. suff. – ion. cp. קוֹרָל.] Derivatives: גרל, גּוֹרָלִי.

 

גּוֹרָלִי adj. NH fateful, fatal. [Formed from גּוֹרָל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גּוֹרָלִיּוּת.

 

גּוֹרָלִיּוּת f.n. NH fatefulness. [Formed from גּוֹרָל with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גּוֹרֵם m.n. PBH 1 cause. NH 2 factor. NH 3 multiplier (mathematics). [Subst. use of the act. part. of גָּרַם; see גרם ᴵ.]

 

גּוֹרֵר m.n. NH trailer, tugger. [Subst. use of the act. part. of גָּרַר; see גרר ᴵ. cp. גּוֹרֶרֶת.]

 

גּוֹרֶֽרֶת f.n. NH tugboat. [Subst. use of the act. part. f. of גָּרַר; see גרר ᴵ. cp. גּוֹרֵר.]

 

גּוּשׁ m.n. 1 clod, lump of earth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job. 7:5). PBH 2 ball. NH 3 group, block. NH 4 bloc. [Related to Aram. גּוּשָׁא (= clod, lump of earth), and according to Ružička to Aram. גַּרֽגְּשְׁתָּא, Syr. גַּרְגִּשֽׁתָּא (= clod, lump of earth). Barth connects גּוּשׁ with Arab. juthwa (= heap of earth or stones).] Derivatives: גּוּשִׁי, גּוּשִׁישׁ, גּוּשָׁנִי.

 

גושׁ to form a block.

    — Pi. - גִּוֵּשׁ he formed a block.

    — Pu. - גֻּוַּשׁ a block was formed. [Denominated from גּוּשׁ.] Derivative: גִּוּוּשׁ.

 

גּוּשִׁי adj. MH 1 compact, massive. NH 2 of the block. [Formed from גּוּשׁ with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גּוּשִׁישׁ m.n. NH grain, particle. [Dimin. formed from גּוּשׁ through reduplication of the שׁ.]

 

גּוּשָׁנִי adj. NH compact, massive. [Formed from גּוּשׁ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

גּוּשְׁפַּנְקָא, גּוּשְׁפַּנְקָה see גֻּשְׁפַּנֽקָה.

 

גּוֹתִי adj. FW Gothic. [Late L. Gothicus, from Gothus (= Goth), from Gk. Foithor, Goithor, Gothoi, from Gut-, the first element in Goth, Gut-piuda (= the Gothic people). For the ending of גּוֹתִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּז ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 falcon. 2 a kind of wasp.

 

גַּז ᴵᴵ m.n. FW gas. [The word gas was first used in its usual sense by the Belgian chemist Van Helmont (1577–1644). The word is not his invention, although he says that it suggested itself by Gk. chaos. The word gas was used by the first time by Paracelsus (died in 1541), who named the air by it. Derivative: גַּזּוֹז. cp. the first element in גַּזּוֹלִין.

 

גֵּז m.n. 1 shearing; the shorn wool; fleece. 2 mowing, mown grass. [From גזז.]

 

גַּ׳ז m.n. FW jazz. [Eng. jazz, an American Negro word of African origin.]

 

גִּזְבָּר m.n. 1 treasurer. NH 2 cashier. [Together with JAram. גִּזְבָּרָא, Syr. גֵּזַבְרָא, גִּיזַבֽרָא (= treasurer), Mand. גאנזיברא (= high priest), borrowed from Pers. ganzabara (= treasurer), from ganj̄ (= treasure), whence Heb. גָּנַז, Aram. גְּנַז. See גנז.] Derivative: גִּזְבָּרוּת.

 

גִּזְבָּרוּת f.n. MH treasurership. [Formed from גִּזְבָּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גזה to cut, cut off. [Aram.–Syr. גּֽזָא (= he cut off, deprived of), Syr. גַּזִּי (= he bereaved, deprived of), מְגַזְיָתָא (= a childless woman). Arab. jiza (= he cut into pieces). A secondary form of גזז.] Derivative: גָּזִית.

 

גִּזָּה f.n. 1 shorn wool, fleece. PBH 2 (the act of) shearing. [Formed from גזז with first suff. ◌ָה. Whence also JAram. גִּזָּא, Syr. גֶּזְּתָא, Mand. גִּיזְתָא (= shorn wool, fleece).]

 

גָּזוּז adj. PBH cut, shorn, clipped. [Pass. part. of גָּזַז. See גזז.]

 

גִּזּוּז m.n. NH cutting, shearing. [From גזז.]

 

גַּזּוֹז m.n. NH aerated soda water, mineral water. [From גַּז.]

 

גְּזוּזְטְרָא, גְּזוּזְטְרָה f.n. (PBH and NH resp.) (pl. גְּזוּזְטְרוֹת and גְּזוּזְטֽרָאוֹת) balcony, porch. [Gk. exostra (= balcony; lit.: ‘something thrust out’), from ex (= out of), which is related to L. ex (= out of), and othein (= to thrust).]

 

גָּזוּל adj. PBH robbed. [Pass. part. of גָּזַל. See גזל.]

 

גַּזּוֹלִין m.n. FW [Eng. gasoline, a hybrid coined from gas (see גַּז) and L. oleum (= oil).]

 

גִּזּוּם ᴵ m.n. PBH cutting (branches), clipping, pruning. [Verbal n. of גִּזֵּם, Pi. of גזם ᴵ.]

 

גִּזּוּם ᴵᴵ m.n. MH 1 exaggeration. 2 threatening, threat. [Verbal n. of גִּזֵּם, Pi. of גזם ᴵᴵ.]

 

גָּזוּר adj. MH 1 cut. 2 decided, decreed, ordered. NH 3 derived. [Pass. part. of גָּזַר. See גזר.]

 

גִּזּוּר m.n. MH cutting (with scissors or clippers). [From גזר.]

 

גזז to cut off, shear.

    — Qal - גָּזַז he cut, shore (sheep).

    — Niph. - נָגוֹז was cut off, was destroyed.

    — Niph. - נִגְזַז was cut off, was shorn, was clipped. [JAram. גְּזַז, Syr. גַּז, Arab. jazza (= he cut off, shore), Aram. גִּזָּא, Syr. גֶּזְּתָא (= wool), Akka. gizzu sha ṣēni (= sheep-shearing, wool). cp. the related base גזה.] Derivatives: גּוֹזֵז, גֵּז, גִּזָּה, גָּזוּז, גִּזּוּז, גַּזָּז, גַּזֶּזֶת, גָּזִיז ᴵ, גָּזִיז ᴵᴵ, גְּזִיזָה, מִגֽזָזַיִם.

 

גַּזָּז m.n. PBH shearer. [Nomen opificis formed from גזז (= to shear), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גְּזֻזְטְרָא see גְּזוּזְטְרָה.

 

גַּזֶּֽזֶת f.n. NH ringworm. [Formed from גזז according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

גַּזִּי adj. NH gaseous, gassy. [Formed from גַּז with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גָּזִיז ᴵ m.n. PBH piece, fragment. [Aram. גְּזִיזָא, from גְּזַז (= he cut). See גזז.]

 

גָּזִיז ᴵᴵ adj. NH shearable. [Coined from גָּזַז (= he shore; see גזז) according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

גְּזִיזָה f.n. PBH cutting, shearing, clipping. [Verbal n. of גָּזַז. See גזז and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּזִיר m.n. PBH log of wood. [From גזר.]

 

גָּזִיר adj. NH that can be cut. [Coined from גָּזַר (= he cut; see גזר), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

גְּזִירָה f.n. NH cutting, cutting out. [Verbal n. of גָּזַר. See גזר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גָּזִית f.n. hewn stones. [From גזה (= to cut).]

 

גזל to rob, to seize, plunder.

    — Qal - גָּזַל he seized by violence, plundered, robbed.

    — Niph. - נִגְזַל was taken away, was robbed. [Phoen. גזל, JAram. and Mand. גְּזַל (= he tore away, robbed), Arab. jazala (= he cut off).] Derivatives: גָּזוּל, גָּזֵל, גֶּזֶל, גְּזֵלָה, גַּזְלָן.

 

גָּזֵל m.n. 1 robbery. 2 the thing robbed. [From גזל.]

 

גֶּֽזֶל m.n. NH robbing, robbery. [From גָּזַל; see גזל.]

 

גְּזֵלָה f.n. 1 robbery. 2 the thing robbed. [From גזל.]

 

גַּזְלָן m.n. PBH robber, brigand. [Formed from גזל with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: גַּזְלָנוּת, גַּזְלָנִי.

 

גַּזְלָנוּת f.n. MH robbery. [Formed from גַּזְלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּזְלָנִי adj. NH like a robber, predatory. [Formed from גַּזְלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גזם ᴵ to cut down, hew down.

    — Qal - גָּזַם he cut, clipped, pruned.

    — Niph. - נִגְזַם was cut off, was clipped, was pruned.

    — Pi. - גִּזֵּם he cut, clipped, pruned.

    — Pu. - גֻּזַּם was cut, was clipped, was pruned. [Aram.–Syr. גְּזַם and גְּדַם (= he cut down, hewed down), Ethiop. gazama, Arab. jazama, jadhama, jadama (= he cut off), OSArab. גדמ and גזמ (= to cut off, maim). cp. גזם ᴵᴵ and גדם. cp. also כסם.] Derivatives: גִּזּוּם ᴵ, גֶּזֶם, גְּזֹמֶת, prob. also גָּזָם.

 

גזם ᴵᴵ to exaggerate; to threaten.

    — Pi. - גִּזֵּם 1 he exaggerated; 2 he threatened.

    — Pu. - גֻּזַּם was exaggerated.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּזֵּם was exaggerated.

    — Hiph. - הִגְזִים 1 he exaggerated; 2 he threatened.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְזַם was exaggerated. [Prob. borrowed from JAram. This base is prob. identical with גזם ᴵ. The phases of sense development prob. are: cut; ‘to speak in a cutting or sharp manner; to exaggerate; to threaten’.] Derivatives: גִּזּוּם ᴵᴵ, גֻּזְמָא, גַּזְמָן, הַגְזָמָה, מִגְזָם, מֻגְזָם.

 

גָּזָם m.n. locusts. [Prob. meaning lit. ‘cutter’, and derived from גזם ᴵ. cp. Akka. kisimmu (= name of an insect).]

 

גֶּֽזֶם m.n. NH trimmed branches. [From גזם ᴵ.]

 

גֻּזְמָא, גֻּזְמָה f.n. PBH (pl. גֻּזֽמוֹת and גֻּזְמָאוֹת) exaggeration. [Aram., from גזם ᴵᴵ.]

 

גַּזְּמָן m.n. NH exaggerator. [Formed from גִּזֵּם ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּזְמָנוּת.

 

גַּזְּמָנוּת f.n. NH exaggeration. [Formed from גַּזְּמָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גְּזֹֽמֶת f.n. NH trimmed branches. [Verbal n. of גָּזַם; see גזם ᴵ and suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

גזע to cut, cut off. [Base of גֶּזַע. cp. Arab. jaza‘a (= he cut off), Ethiop. gaze‘a (= he sawed into two).]

 

גֶּזֲע m.n. 1 trunk, stem of a tree. NH 2 stock, race. [From גזע. cp. Arab. jidh‘, Syr. גּוּזְעָא (= trunk, stump of a tree).] Derivatives: גִּזְעִי, גִּזְעָנוּת, גִּזְעָנִי.

 

גִּזְעִי adj. NH racial, pure-bred. [Formed from גֶּזַע with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גִּזְעִיּוּת.

 

גִּזְעִיּוּת f.n. NH racial purity. [Formed from גִּזֽעִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גִּזְעָנוּת f.n. NH racism, racialism. [Formed from גֶּזַע with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

גִּזְעָנִי adj. NH racial, racist. [Formed from גֶּזַע with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

גזר to cut; to decree, to decide.

    — Qal - גָּזַר 1 he cut, he cut off; 2 he decided, decreed; PBH 3 he prohibited; MH 4 he derived a word.

    — Niph. - נִגְזַר 1 was cut off; was removed; 2 was divided; 3 was decided, was decreed; NH 4 was cut.

    — Pi. - גִּזֵּר he cut.

    — Pu. - גֻּזַּר was cut. [Aram.–Syr. גְּזַר (= he cut; he circumcised), Arab. jazara (= he cut off, slaughtered), Ethiop. gazara (= he circumcised), Tigre gezrat (= circumcision). cp. גרז.] Derivatives: גּוֹזֵר, גָּזוּר, גִּזּוּר, גָּזִיר, גְּזִיר, גְּזִירָה, גֶּזֶר ᴵ, גַּזָּר, גְּזֵרָה, גִּזְרוֹן, מַגְזֵר, מִגְזָר, מַגְזֵרָה, מִגְזָרַיִם, נִגְזָר, תַּגְזִיר. cp. the first element in גְּזַרְקַשׁ.

 

גַּזָּר m.n. NH cutter. [Nomen opificis formed from גִּזֵּר (= he cut), Pi. of גזר, according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. Arab. jazzer (= butcher).]

 

גֶּזֱר ᴵ m.n. 1 piece. PBH 2 block. [From גזר.]

 

גֶּזֱר ᴵᴵ m.n. MH carrot. [Related to Aram. גְּזַר, Arab. jazar (= carrot). cp. the second element in אֲחִיגֶזֶר.]

 

גְּזַר־דִּין m.n. PBH sentence. [גְּזַר in גְּזַר־דִּין is c. st. of גְּזָר, which derives from גזר. For the second element see דִּין.]

 

גְּזֵרָה f.n. 1 being cut off (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 16:22 in the phrase אֶרֶץ גְּזֵרָה, ‘solitary, desert land’; lit.: ‘land cut off’). PBH 2 decree, edict. PBH 3 prohibition. [Formed from גזר with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Arab. arḍjuzur (= desert land).]

 

גִּזְרָה f.n. 1 figure, cut, shape. 2 carving, polishing. MH 3 conjugation (grammar). NH 4 sector (geometry). [From גזר.]

 

גִּזְרוֹן m.n. NH etymology. [Coined by M.H. Segal (1876–1968) from גָּזַר (= he derived; see גזר) and suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גִּזְרוֹנִי adj. NH etymological. [Formed from גִּזְרוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּזְּרָן m.n. NH cutter. [Formed from גִּזֵּר, Pi. of גָּזַר (= he cut; see גזר), with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גְּזַרְקַשׁ m.n. NH hay cutter. [Compounded of גָּזַר (= he cut; see גזר), and קַשׁ (= straw).]

 

גָח see גיח.

 

גחה ᴵ to draw forth (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 22:10 in the suff. part. גֹּחִי). [Prob. related to גיח.]

 

גחה ᴵᴵ to incline (said of a wall).

    — Qal - גָּחָה it inclined (said of a wall). [A collateral form of גהה ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivative: גְּחִיָּה.

 

גִּחוּךְ m.n. PBH laughter, smile, giggle. [Verbal n. of גִּחֵךְ (= he laughed), Pi. of גחך.]

 

גָּחוֹן m.n. 1 belly (of reptiles). NH 2 venter (anatomy, zoology). [Prob. derived from גחן.] Derivative: גְּחוֹנִי.

 

גָּחוּן adj. PBH bent, stooped, awry. [Pass. part. of גָּחַן. See גחן.]

 

גְּחוֹנִי adj. MH ventral. [Formed from גָּחוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּחִיָּה f.n. MH reclining. [Verbal n. of גָּחָה. See גחה ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּחִיכָה f.n. NH laughter, smile, giggle. [Verbal n. of גָּחַךְ. See גחך and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּחִינָה f.n. MH bending, stooping. [Verbal n. of גָּחַן. See גחן and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גחך to laugh.

    — Qal - גָּחַךְ he laughed, smiled, giggled.

    — Pi. - גִּחֵךְ (of s.m.).

    — Pu. - גֻּחַךְ was laughed at, was made ridiculous. [From Aram. גּֽחֵךֽ (= he laughed), which is related to Heb. צָחַק (of s.m.). See צחק.] Derivatives: גִּחוּךֽ, גּֽחִיכָה, גַּחְכָּה, גַּחֲכָן, מֽגֻחָךְ.

 

גַּחְכָּה f.n. NH farce, burlesque. [Formed from גָּחַךְ (see גחך) with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גַּחֲכָז m.n. PBH joker. [Formed from גָּחַךֽ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: גַּחֲכָנוּת, גַּחֲכָנִי.

 

גַּחֲכָנוּת f.n. NH joking. [Formed from גַּחֲכָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּחֲכָנִי adj. NH 1 ridiculous. 2 jocular. [Formed from גַּחֲכָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גחל to burn like coal.

    — Qal - גָּחַל it burned like coal.

    — Niph. - נִגְחַל was kindled.

    — Hiph. - הִגְחִיל MH 1 it burned like coal; NH 2 he kindled. [Back formation from גַּחֶלֶת (= burning coal).]

 

גַּֽחַל m.n. MH burning coal. [Back formation from גַּחֶלֶת.]

 

גַּחְלִיל m.n. NH a small coal. [Formed from גַּחֶלֶת through reduplication of the ל.] Derivative: גַּחְלִילִי.

 

גַּחְלִילִי adj. NH coal-like; shining. [Formed from גַּחְלִיל with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּחְלִילִית f.n. NH firefly. [Coined by the Hebrew poet H.N. Bialik (1873–1934) from גַּחֶלֶת (= burning coal), through reduplication of the third radical. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גַּחֲלִית f.n. NH carbuncle (skin infection). [Formed from גַּחֶלֶת (= burning coal), on the analogy of Eng. carbuncle, which ultimately derives from L. carbunculus (= a small coal; a tumor), dimin. of carbō (= coal).]

 

גַּחֶֽלֶת f.n. (pl. גֶּחָלִים) burning coal, ember. [Related to Amharic gāla (= it glowed), Yemenite jaihal, mijhal (= wood put under the boiler), and prob. also to Akka. guḥlu (= a shining precious stone). cp. Arab. jaḥama (= he kindled, set on fire), jaḥima, jaḥuma (= it burned), jaḥīm (= fire, hellfire, hell).] Derivatives: גחל, גַּחַל, גַּחְלִיל, גַּחְלִילִית, גַּחֽלִית. cp. גַּחֲמוֹן.

 

גַּחֲמָה f.n. NH caprice. [From גַּחֲמוֹן (q.v.).] Derivative: גַּחֲמָן.

 

גַּחֲמוֹן m.n. PBH incendiary (this is the explanation of the name גַּחַם in Gen. Rabba). [For another explanation of this name see גַּמְחוֹן. cp. Arab. jaḥama (= he set on fire).] Derivative: גַּחֲמָה.

 

גַּחֲמָן, גַּחֲמָנִי adj. NH capricious. [Formed from גַּחֲמָה with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גחן to curve, bend, bow, stoop.

    — Qal - גָּחַן he bent, stooped.

    — Hiph. - הִגְחִין he bent, stooped. [Aram. גְּחֵן, Syr. גְּהֵן, Egypt.–Aram. and Mand. גהן (= he bent, bowed, stooped). According to Barth related to Arab. janaḥa (= he inclined, leant. גחן is prob. the base of גָּחוֹן. cp. גהר.] Derivatives: גָּחוּן, גְּחִינָה.

 

גֵּט m.n. PBH 1 legal document. 2 specifically short for גֵּט אִשָּׁה (= letter of divorce). [Together with JAram. גִּטָּא, borrowed from Akka. gittu, which is a Sumerian loan word.]

 

גֶּטוֹ m.n. FW (pl. גֶּטָאוֹת) ghetto. [It., perhaps aphetic for borghetto, dimin. of borgo (= a small market town, borough), which is of Teutonic origin. See ‘borough’ in my CEDEL.]

 

גַּי, גַּיא m. & f.n. (pl. גֵּיאָיוֹת, also גֵּיאוֹת) valley, vale. [Of unknown etymology. cp. the first element in גֵּיהִנּוֹם.]

 

גֵּיאוֹ◌ FW geo-. [Gk. geo (= pertaining to the earth), from ge (= the earth). Of unknown origin.]

 

גִּ׳יאוּ־גִ׳יטְסוּ m.n. FW jiu-jitsu. [Japanese jū-jutsu (= lit.: ‘ten tricks’), from jū (= ten), and juts (= trick).]

 

גֵּיאוֹגְרָף m.n. FW geographer. [Back formation from גֵּיאוֹגְרַפֽיָה.]

 

גֵּיאוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW geographic(al). [See גֵּיאוֹגֽרַפְיָה and adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גֵּיאוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW geography. [Gk. geographia (= description of the earth), from geographos (= earth-describing), which is compounded of geo (see גֵּיאוֹ◌) and – graphia (see ◌גְרַפְיָה.]

 

גֵּיאוֹדֶסְיָה f.n. FW geodesy (the science of determining the shape and size of the earth). [Gk. geodaisia (= division of the earth), compounded of geo- (see גֵּיאוֹ◌) and the stem of daiesthai (= to divide). See דֶּמוֹן.]

 

גֵּיאוֹטְרוֹפִּיזְם m.n. FW geotropism (tendency to grow toward the center of the earth). [Ger. Geotropismus, coined by the German botanist Albert Bernhard Frank in 1868 from Gk. geo–, Gk. trope (= a turning) and suff. – ismus. See גֵּיאוֹ◌, טְרוֹפִּי and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

 

גֵּיאוֹלוֹג m.n. FW geologist. [Back formation from גֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

 

גֵּיאוֹלוֹגִי adj. FW geologic(al). [Back formation from גֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גֵּיאוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. geology. [Modern L. geōlogia (= the study of the earth), to be distinguished from Med. L. geōlogia, which was used in the sense of ‘the study of earthly things’, (esp. applied to law). Compounded of geo– and – logia. See גֵּיאוֹ◌, and ◌לוֹגֽיָה.]

 

גֵּיאוֹמֶטְרִי adj. FW geometric(al). [Back formation from גֵּיאוֹמֶטֽרְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גֵּיאוֹמֶטְרְיָה f.n. FW geometry. [Gk. geometria (= geometry), lit.: ‘measurement of the earth’, from geometres (= land measurer, geometer), which is compounded of geo– and metrein (= to measure), from metron (= measure). See גֵּיאוֹ◌ and מֶטֶר.]

 

גֵּיאוֹצֶנְטְרִי adj. FW geocentric. [Compounded from geo- (see גֵּיאוֹ◌), kentron (= point, prickle, spike, oxgoad) and suff. ◌ִי. cp. הֶלְיוֹצֶנְטְרִי. cp. צֶנְטְרָלִיזְם and cp. הֶלֽיוֹצֶנְטְרִי.]

 

גִּיבּוֹן m.n. FW gibbon. [Fren. gibbon a name of Indian origin brought to Europe by the Marquis Joseph-François Dupleix (1697–1763), governor general of the French possessions in India.]

 

גִּ׳יגוֹלוֹ m.n. FW gigolo. [Fren., from gigoter (= to move the shanks, to hop), from gigue (= shank, fiddle), which is of Teutonic origin.]

 

גִּיגִית see גִּגִּית.

 

גִּיד m.n. 1 sinew, vein. PBH 2 penis. [Related to Aram. גִּידָא, Syr. גְּיָדָא, Akka. gidu (= sinew).] Derivative: גיד.

 

גיד to cut veins.

    — Pi. - גִּיֵּד he cut veins.

    — Pu. - גֻּיַּד he had his veins cut. [Denominated from גִּיד. cp. Aram.–Syr. גִּיֵּד (= he cut veins).] Derivatives: גִּיּוּד, מְגֻיָּד.

 

גִּ׳יהַאד m.n. FW jihad (religious war against unbelievers). [Arab. jihā́d (= contest, war), properly inf. of jā́hada (= he waged war), f[[illegible]] jáhada (= he applied himself to).]

 

גֵּיהִנּוֹם, גֵּיהִנָּם m. & f.n. hell. [ig.[[illegible]] spelt גֵּי־הִנּוֹם and meaning ‘the valley of Hinnom’, shortened from גֵּי בֶן־הִנּוֹם (= the valley of the son of Hinnom), a valley south-west and south of the old city of Jerusalem where children were sacrificed to Moloch; see גַּי. Arab. jahannam (= hell) is borrowed from גֵּיהִנָּם. Gk. geeina is also a Heb. loan word.] Derivative: גֵּיהִנּוֹמִי.

 

גֵּיהִנּוֹמִי adj. NH hellish, infernal. [Formed from גֵּיהִנּוֹם with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּיּוּד m.n. NH cutting veins. [Verbal n. of גִּיֵּד, Pi. of גיד.]

 

גִּיּוּז m.n. NH gasification. [Verbal n. of גִּיֵּז, Pi. of גיז.]

 

גִּיּוּס m.n. NH mobilization, recruitment. [Verbal n. of גִּיֵּס, Pi. of גיס.]

 

גִּיּוּץ m.n. NH cutting, milling, engraving. [Verbal n. of גִּיֵּץ, Pi. of גיץ.]

 

גִּיּוֹר m.n. PBH proselyte. [JAram. See גֵּר.] Derivatives: גִּיּוֹרֶת, גיר.

 

גִּיּוּר m.n. NH proselytizing. [Verbal n. of גִּיֵּר, Pi. of גיר.]

 

גִּיּוֹרֶת f.n. PBH a proselyte woman. [f. of גִּיּוֹר.]

 

גַּיּוּת f.n. PBH state of being a Gentile; heathenism. [A secondary form of גּוֹיוּת.]

 

גֵּיוְתָן adj. PBH haughty, boastful, conceited. [A secondary form of גַּאַוְּתָן (q.v.). cp. כֵּיפְתָן and גַּפְתָּן.] Derivative: גֵּיוְתָנוּת.

 

גֵּיוְתָנוּת adj. NH haughtiness, boastfulness, conceit. [Aram. גֵּיוְנוּתָא. Formed from גֵּיוְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גיז to gasify.

    — Pi. - גִּיֵּז he gasified.

    — Pu. - גֻּיַּז was gasified. [Denominated from גַּז.] Derivative: גִּיּוּז.

 

גֵּיזֶר m.n. FW geyser. [Icelandic Geysir, name of a geyser in Iceland, lit. meaning ‘the gusher’, from geysa (= to gush).]

 

גיח to burst forth.

    — Qal - גָּח it burst forth.

    — Hiph. - הֵגִיחַ he caused to burst forth. [BAram. מְגִיחָן (= they burst forth), JAram.–Syr. גָּח, Arab. jāḥa (= it burst forth). cp. גחה ᴵ and נגח.] Derivatives: גִּיחָה, הֲגָחָה. cp. גחה ᴵ.

 

גִּיחָה f.n. NH bursting forth. [Verbal n. of גָּח. See גיח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גִּיחוֹר adj. PBH red-skinned, red-faced. [Of unknown origin.]

 

גִּיטָרָה f.n. FW guitar. [Sp. guitarra, from Arab. qītā́ra, from Gk. kithara, from Pers. sihtār. cp. צִיתָר.]

 

גיל to rejoice.

    — Qal - גָּל he rejoiced, was glad. [Ugar. gl (= to rejoice), Arab. jāla (= he went round, wandered about). Tigre gola (= to dance and sing). cp. base גלל.] Derivatives: גִּיל ᴵ, גִּיל ᴵᴵ, גִּילָה.

 

גִּיל ᴵ m.n. joy, gladness, exultation. [From גיל.]

 

גִּיל ᴵᴵ m.n. age (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Dan. 1:10). [Related to Samaritan גיל, Arab. jīl (= age), OSArab. גיל and גולא (= altogether). Derived from גיל and lit. meaning circle.] Derivatives: גִּילַאי, גִּילִי.

 

גִּילַאי m.n. NH a person of the same age. [From Aram. גִּילַאי (= of the same age), from גִּיל (= age). See גִּיל ᴵᴵ and suff. ◌ַי.]

 

גִּילְדָה f.n. FW guild. [Middle Eng. gilde, from Old Norse gildi (= payment, contribution, fraternity).]

 

גִּילָה f.n. joy, gladness, exultation. [Verbal n. of גָּל (= he rejoiced). See גיל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גִּילִי adj. NH pertaining to a certain age. [Formed from גִּיל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּילְיוֹטִינָה f.n. FW guillotine. [Fren. guillotine, named after its inventor the physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin (1738–1814). His aim in inventing this machine was to make the execution of those condemned as swift and painless as possible.]

 

גִּימוֹל m.n. PBH a kind of muzzle for the calf to prevent it from sucking. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from גמל (= to wean).]

 

גִּימוֹן m.n. PBH of the same meaning as גִּימוֹל (q.v.). [Another reading for גִּימוֹל. cp. גִּימוֹנִית.]

 

גִּימוֹנִית f.n. PBH band, chord, strand. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps derives from גִּימוֹן and orig. meant ‘something intertwined, something interlaced’.]

 

גִּימַטְרִיָּא f.n. PBH explanation of the sense of a word by substituting for it another word, so that the numerical value of the letters constituting either word is identical. [Usually connected with Gk. geometria (= geometry), but prob. a metathesis of Gk. grammateia (= play upon letters), from gramma (= letter; lit.: ‘that which is written’). See גְּרַם.] Derivative: גמטר.

 

גִּימֶל f.n. PBH (pl. גִּימְלִין) ‘gimel’, name of the third letter of the Hebrew alphabet. [Related to גָּמָל (= camel); so called in allusion to the ancient Hebrew form of this letter representing the neck of a camel. cp. גַּם (n.), גַּמָּא (= gamma).]

 

גִּימְנַסְיָה f.n. FW secondary school, high school. [Gk. gymnasion (= gymnastic school, school), from gymnazein (= to practice gymnastic exercises; lit.: ‘to train naked’), from gymnos (= naked); so called because the athletes trained naked. cp. גִּ׳ימֽקָנָה.]

 

גִּ׳ימְקָנָה f.n. FW gymkhana. [A blend of Hindustani gend-khāna (= ball house), from gend (= ball), and khāna (= house), and Eng. gymnastics, which derives from Gk. gymnasticos, from gymnazein (see גִּימְנַסְיָה).]

 

גֵּ׳ינוֹסַיְד m.n. FW genocide. [Lit.: ‘killing a tribe’. A hybrid coined from Gk. genos (= race, tribe), and L. – cīdere, from caedere (= to kill); see גֶּן and צֶזוּרָה. The correct form would be genticide, in which both elements are of Latin origin. The word genocide was introduced by Raphael Lemkin in his “Axes Rule in Occupied Europe” (1944).]

 

גִּינֵיקוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW gynecology. [Compounded of Gk. gyne (= woman) and logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה). Gk. gyne derives from IE * gunā, * genā (= woman), whence also Old I. gnā́, ganā́ (= wife of a god, goddess), jániḥ (= wife), Old Eng. cwēn (= woman, wife, queen).]

 

גִּיס m.n. PBH brother-in-law. [Aram.–Syr. גִּיסָא, aphetic for אֲגִיסָא, which is of uncertain origin.] Derivative: גִּיסָה.

 

גַּֽיּס m.n. PBH army corps, legion. [Related to Aram. גְּיָסָא, Syr. גַּיֽסָא (= a troop, a band of robbers), Arab. jaysh (= army).] Derivatives: גיס, גַּיָּס.

 

גיס to mobilize.

    — Pi. - גִּיֵּס he mobilized, recruited, enlisted.

    — Pu. - גֻּיַּס was mobilized, was recruited, was enlisted.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּיֵּס he volunteered, enlisted. [Denominated from גַּיִס. cp. Arab. jayyasha (= he levied troop), from jaysh (= army). Derivatives: גִּיּוּס, הִתְגַּיְּסוּת, מְגֻיָּס, מִתֽגַּיֵּס.

 

גַּיָּס m.n. NH mobilizer, recruiting officer. [Nomen opificis formed from גַּיִס (= army corps), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גִּיסָא m.n. PBH side. [Aram. The proper spelling is גִּסָּא (= Syr. גֶּסָּא).]

 

גִּיסָה f.n. MH sister-in-law. [f. formed from גִּיס.]

 

גִּ׳יפּ m.n. FW jeep. [Eng. jeep, prob. contraction of gee pee, i.e. GP, the initial of General Purpose (Car).]

 

גִּ׳יפְתְּלִיק m.n. FW ‘jiftlik’, state domain. [Turkish.]

 

גֵּיפְתָן adj. PBH (also גַּפֽתָּן) haughty, boastful, conceited. [A secondary form of גֵּיוֽתָן (q.v.).] Derivative: גֵּיפֽתָּנוּת.

 

גֵּיפְתָנוּת f.n. NH (also גַּפְתָּנוּת) haughtiness, boastfulness, conceit. [Derived from גֵּיפְתָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גיץ to cut, to mill.

    — Pi. - גִּיֵּץ he cut, milled with a cutter, engraved.

    — Pu. - גֻּיַּץ was cut, was milled with a cutter, was engraved. [Denominated from JAram. גָּיֵץ (= gnawing, biting), part. of גוץ.] Derivatives: גִּיּוּץ, גַּיָּץ, גַּיֶצֶת.

 

גּיָּץ m.n. NH cutter, miller, engraver. [Nomen opificis formed from גִּיֵּץ (= he cut, milled with a cutter, engraved), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גַּֽיִץ m.n. NH cutting, milling, engraving. [From גִּיֵּץ; see גוץ.]

 

גַּיֶּֽצֶת f.n. NH cutter, mill, engraving tool. [Formed from גִּיֵּץ (see גיץ) with suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

גִּיר m.n. 1 lime (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 27:9). NH 2 chalk. [Related to BAram. גִּירָא (= plaster), JAram. גִּירָא (= lime), Syr. גִּירָא (= birdlime), OSArab. גירמ (= lime), Tigre gerger (= chalkstone). All these words are ultimately borrowed from Akka. kīru (= chalkstone), which itself is a loan word from Sumerian gir (of s.m.). Arab. jayyār, jīr (= lime), are Aram. loan words.] Derivatives: גִּירִי, גִּירִית.

 

גיר to convert to Judaism.

    — Pi. - גִּיֵּר he converted to Judaism, proselytized.

    — Pu. - גֻּיַּר was converted to Judaism, was proselytized.

    — Nith. - נִתְגַּיֵּר he became a Jew, became a proselyte. [Denominated from גִּיּוֹר.] Derivatives: גִּיּוּר, הִתְגַּיְּרוּת, מְגֻיָּר.

 

גִּירָא m.n. PBH arrow. [JAram. (= Syr. גֵארָא), borrowed from Gk. gerron (= anything made of wicker-work; oblong shield; dart, arrow), which is of uncertain etymology.]

 

גִּירוֹסְקוֹפּ m.n. FW gyroscope. [Eng. gyroscope, compounded of Gk. gyros (= circle, ring), and skopion (see ◌סֽקוֹפּ).]

 

גִּירִי adj. NH chalky, calcareous. [Formed from גִּיר with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גִּירִיּוּת.

 

גִּירִיּוּת f.n. NH chalkiness. [Formed from גִּירִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גִּירִית f.n. NH badger. [Formed from גִּיר with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גִּירְסָא see גִּרֽסָא.

 

גִּ׳ירָפָה f.n. FW giraffe. [It. giraffa, whence also Fren. giraffe, from Arab. zarāfa, which is prob. of African origin.]

 

גִּישָׁה f.n. PBH 1 approaching. NH 2 approach to a subject; attitude. [Back formation from נגשׁ. cp. נְגִישָׁה.]

 

גֵּישָׁה f.n. FW geisha. [Japanese geisha, compounded of gei-sha (= lit.: ‘artistic person’).]

 

גַּל ᴵ m.n. 1 heap, pile. 2 mound, ruins. [From גלל, whence also JAram. גְּלָלָא (= stone), Syr. גָּלָא, often spelt גָּאלָא (= mound). cp. the first element in גַּלֽעֵד.]

 

גַּל ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 wave, billow. 2 fountain, spring. NH 3 trend, movement. [From גלל, whence also JAram., Syr. גַּלָּא, Akka. gillu (= wave).] Derivatives: גַּלִּי, גַּלֽיָנִי.

 

גַּל ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 revolving door. NH 2 lever. [From גלל, whence also Aram. גַּלָּא (= revolving door).]

 

גֹּל m.n. 1 basin, bowl (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 4:2). NH 2 marble (a game for boys). [From גלל.]

 

גַּלַּאי m.n. NH detector. [Formed from גִּלָּה (= he discovered, uncovered), Pi. of גלה.]

 

גְּלַאי m.n. PBH 1 an uncovered place. NH 2 décolletage. [From גָּלָה (= he discovered, uncovered). See גלה.]

 

גַּלָּב m.n. barber (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 5:1). [Prob. a loan word from Akka. gallābu (= barber), nomen opificis formed from galābu (= to cut, shear), whence also Aram. גְּלַב (= he shaved), Aram. גְּלָב, Syr. גַּלָּבָא (= dagger, razor).]

 

גלג to chatter.

    — Qal - גָּלַג he chattered. [Of uncertain origin. Possibly formed from JAram. לַגְלֵג (= he stammered, stuttered; see לגלג), through aphaerisis of the ל.] Derivative: גַּלְגָּן.

 

גִּלְגּוּל m.n. PBH 1 rolling, revolving. NH 2 metamorphosis. MH 3 transmigration, metempsychosis. [Verbal n. of גִּלֽגֵּל; see גלגל.] Derivatives: גִּלֽגּוּל, הִתְגַּלְגְּלוּת, מֽגֻלֽגָּל.

 

גלגל to roll.

    — Pilp. - גִּלְגֵּל 1 he rolled; PBH 2 he brought about, caused; NH 3 it developed; NH 4 it underwent a metamorphosis.

    — Pulp. - גֻּלֽגַּל 1 was thrown, was hurled; 2 was rolled.

    — Nithpalp. - הִתֽגַּלְגֵּל, נִתְגַּלְגֵּל he rolled himself, was rolled. [Pilpel of גָּלַל (= he rolled). cp. JAram. גַּלְגֵּל, Palpel of גּֽלַל, גַּלֵּל (= he rolled). For other Pilpel verbs formed from ע״ע verbs see בזבז and words there referred to.]

 

גַּלְגַּל ᴵ m.n. (pl. גַּלֽגַּלִּים, also גַּלְגִּלִים) 1 wheel, cycle. NH 2 gear wheel. NH 3 pulley. [Formed from גלל through reduplication of the first two radicals and lit. meaning ‘something round’, ‘something rolled’. BAram. גַּלְגִּלּוֹהִי (= its wheels), JAram. גִּלְגְּלָא, Syr. גִּיגְלָא, Mand. גירגלא and גארגולא (= wheel), JAram. גַּלְגְּלָא, Akka. gaggultu (= eyeball), all derive from the same base. L. girgillus is prob. a Sem. loan word. cp. גַּלֽגַּל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: גַּלְגִּלָּה, גַּלֽגִּלּוֹת, גַּלְגִּלַּיִם, גַּלְגִּלִּית, גַּלְגֶּלֶת.

 

גַּלְגַּל ᴵᴵ m.n. whirl of chaff. [According to some scholars the wheel-shaped dried calyx of the thistle Gundelia. From גַּלֽגַּל ᴵ.]

 

גַּלְגִּלָּה f.n. NH pulley wheel. [Formed from גַּלְגַּל ᴵ with first suflf. ◌ָה.]

 

גַּלְגִּלּוֹן m.n. NH a small wheel. [Formed from גַּלְגַּל ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גַּלְגַּלִּי adj. MH wheel-shaped, spherical, circular. [Formed from גַּלְגַּל ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּלְגִּלַּֽיִם m.n. dual roller skates, scooter. [Dual formed from גַּלְגַּל ᴵ.]

 

גַּלְגִּלִּית f.n. NH skate. [Formed from גַּלֽגַּל ᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גַּלְגְּלָן m.n. NH a person that rolls anything, roller. [Formed from גִּלֽגֵּל (see גלגל) with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גַּלְגֶּֽלֶת f.n. NH pulley block. [Formed from גַּלְגַּל ᴵ with suff. ◌ֶת.]

 

גֻּלְגֹּלֶת f.n. 1 skull. 2 head. [From גלל (= to round), whence also Aram. גּוּלְגוּלֽתָּא, גּוֹגַלְתָּא (= skull), Arab. jalaja, jumjuma, Akka. gulgullatu, gulgullu (= skull).]

 

גַּלְגָּן m.n. NH a talkative or garrulous person; a chatterer. [Formed from גָּלַג (see גלג) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: גַּלְגָּנוּת, גַּלֽגָּנִי.

 

גַּלְגָּנוּת f.n. NH talkativeness; garrulousness. [Formed from גַּלֽגָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּלְגָּנִי adj. NH talkative; garrulous. [Formed from גַּלֽגָּן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גֶּֽלֶד m.n. skin, hide (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 16:15 in the form גִּלֽדִּי, ‘my skin’). [Related to JAram. גִּלֽדָּא, Syr. גֶּלְדָא, Arab. jild, Ethiop. and Tigre geled(at), Akka. giladu (= skin, hide).] Derivatives: גלד, גִּלְדָּה, גִּלְדּוֹן, גִּלֽדִּי, גִּלְדָּנִי, גָּלוּד ᴵ, prob. also גלד.

 

גלד to freeze, congeal, to jell.

    — Qal - גָּלַד it froze, was frozen, congealed.

    — Hiph. - הִגְלִיד 1 it formed a crust, formed a scar; 2 it froze, congealed, jelled.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְלַד (of s.m.). [Prob. denominated from גֶּלֶד and orig. meaning ‘it was covered with skin’. cp. Arab. jalida (= froze, was frozen).] Derivatives: גָּלוּד ᴵᴵ, הַגְלָדָה, מֻגְלָד.

 

גִּלְדָּה f.n. NH sole (of a shoe). [Formed from גֶּלֶד with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Aram. גִּלֽדָּא (= skin, leather; leather of the shoe).]

 

גִּלְדּוֹן m.n. NH [Formed from גֶּלֶד with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גִּלְדִּי adj. MH hardened. [Formed from גֶּלֶד with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּלַדְיָאטוֹר m.n. FW gladiator. [L. gladiātor (= swordsman, fighter), from gladius (= sword), which is of Celtic origin and derives from IE * qelad– (= to strike, beat). See ‘holt’ in my CEDEL and cp. גְּלַדֽיוֹלָה.]

 

גְּלַדְיוֹלָה f.n. FW gladiolus. [L. gladiolus (= a small sword), dimin. of gladius (see גְּלַדְיָאטוֹר); so called by Pliny from the swordlike leaves.]

 

גִּלְדָּנִי adj. NH hard like skin, skinlike. [Formed from גֶּלֶד with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

גלה to uncover; to appear; to emigrate.

    — Qal - גָּלָה 1 he uncovered, revealed, disclosed. 2 he departed. 3 he went into exile.

    — Niph. - נִגְלָה 1 was uncovered; 2 was disclosed, was discovered; 3 he appeared.

    — Pi. - גִּלָּה 1 he uncovered; 2 he disclosed, discovered, made known, revealed.

    — Pu. - גֻּלָּה was uncovered, was made known, was revealed.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּלָּה , Nith. נִתְגַּלָּה 1 he uncovered himself; 2 discovered itself.

    — Hiph. - הִגְלָה, הֶגֽלָה he carried away into exile.

    — Hoph. - הָגְלָה was carried away into exile. [Phoen. גלי (= to uncover), Aram.–Syr. גְּלָא (= he uncovered, revealed, showed, made known; he went into exile), Ugar. gly (= to betake oneself, go, set, out), Arab. jalā (= he unveiled, disclosed, removed; he went away, departed), Ethiop. tagalgala (= he was taken into exile). Akka. galū (= to go into exile) is an Aram. loan word. cp. גלע.] Derivatives: גּוֹלָה, גּוֹלֶה, גַּלַּאי, גְּלַאי, גָּלוּי, גִּלּוּי, גְּלוּיָה, גִּלָיוֹן, גָּלוּת, הַגְלָיָה, הִגָּלוּת, הִתְגַּלּוּת, מְגַלֶּה, מְגֻלֶּה, נִגֽלֶה, תַּגְלִית.

 

גֻּלָּה ᴵ f.n. 1 bowl-shaped capital of a column. NH 2 ball-shaped knob of a cane. [From גלל. cp. Ugar. gl, Akka. gullatu (= torus, capital of a column).]

 

גֻּלָּד ᴵᴵ f.n. fountain, spring. [From גלל.]

 

גְּלוֹבּוּלִין m.n. FW globulin. [Coined by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848) from L. globulus (= a little ball), dimin. of globus. See גְּלוֹבּוּס.]

 

גְּלוֹבּוּס m.n. FW globe. [L. globus (= a round body, ball, sphere), in gradational relationship to L. glaeba, glēba (= clod, soil, land). Both these words derive from IE base * gelebh–, * glebh– (= to roll up in a ball, compress), enlarged from * gel– (of s.m.). cp. גְּלוֹבּוּלִין and the second element in הֶמוֹגֽלוֹבִּין. cp. also קוֹנְגְלוֹמֶרָט.] Derivative: גּֽלוֹבָּלִי.

 

גְּלוֹבָּלִי adj. FW global. [From גְּלוֹבּוּס (= globe).]

 

גָּלוּד ᴵ adj. PBH skinned, excoriated. [From גֶּלֶד.]

 

גָּלוּד ᴵᴵ adj. NH frozen, congealed. [Pass. part. of גָּלַד. See גלד.]

 

גִּלְווּן m.n. NH galvanization. [Verbal n. of גִּלְוֵן. See גלון.]

 

גָּלֽוּחַ adj. NH shaven. [From גלח; formally, pass. part. of an otherwise non-existent Qal.]

 

גִּלּֽוּחַ m.n. PBH shaving. [Verbal n. of גִּלַּח, Pi. of גלח.]

 

גָּלוּי adj. 1 uncovered. 2 open, public. [Pass. part. of גָּלָה. See גלה and cp. גְּלֵי.]

 

גִּלּוּי m.n. PBH 1 uncovering. NH 2 detection. NH 3 discovering, discovery. [Verbal n. of גִּלָּה (= he uncovered; he disclosed, discovered), Pi. of גָּלָה. See גלה.]

 

גְּלוּיָה f.n. NH postcard. [Properly f. pass. part. of Biblical Heb. גָּלָה (= he uncovered, revealed). See גלה.]

 

גָּלוּל adj. NH rolled. [Pass. part. of גָּלַל (= he rolled). See גלל and cp. גּֽלוּלָה and גְּלוּלִית.]

 

גִּלּוּל m.n. idol. [According to some scholars related to גָּלָל (= dung); according to Baudissin and to others גִּלּוּלִים derives from גלל (= to roll), and orig. meant ‘rolled blocks’. cp. BAram. אֶבֶן גְּלָל (= square stones), and see גּֽלָל. The form גִּלּוּל was influenced by שִׁקּוּץ (= abomination).]

 

גּֽלוּלָה f.n. NH pill. [Properly subst. use of the f. of גָּלוּל (= rolled, round).]

 

גְּלוּלִית f.n. NH hand-rolled cigarette. [Formed from גָּלוּל with suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גְּלוֹם m.n. wrappings, mantle, cloak (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 27:24). [Together with Aram. גְּלִימָא, Syr. גְּלִימָא, גְּלַיְמָא (= mantle, cloak), prob. borrowed from Pers. kilīm. cp. גְּלִימָה.]

 

גִּלּוּם m.n. NH embodiment, personification. [Verbal n. of גִּלֵּם, Pi. of גלם.]

 

גְּלוּמָה f.n. NH glume (botany). [L. glūma (= husk, hull), for * glubh–smā, from the stem of glūbō, glūbere (= to peel, shell), which stands for * gleubhō and is cogn. with Gk. gluphein (= to hollow out, engrave, carve). See גלף.]

 

גַּלּוֹן m.n. FW gallon. [Eng. gallon, from galoun, from Fren. galon, corresponding to jalon (= a liquid measure), and related to Old Fren. jale (= a bowl), which is of uncertain origin.]

 

גלון to galvanize.

    — Pi. - גִּלְוֵן he galvanized.

    — Pu. - גֻּלְוַן was galvanized. [See גַּלֽוָנִיּוּת.] Derivatives: גִּלְווּן, מְגֻלֽוָן.

 

גַּלְוָנִי adj. FW galvanic. [See גַּלְוָנִיּוּת and suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּלְוָנִיּוּת f.n. FW galvanism (= current electricity). [It. galvanismo, from the name of the Italian physicist Luigi Galvani (1737–98), who discovered current electricity and first described it. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גְּלוּסְקָה see גְּלֻסְקָה.

 

גְּלוֹסְקָמָה f.n. FW 1 stone coffin, sarcophagus. 2 box, chest. [Borrowed from glossa (= tongue), and komein (= to take care of).]

 

גִּלְּוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 uncovering, disclosing. NH 2 opening. [Verbal n. of גִּלַּע, Pi. of גלע.]

 

גָּלוּף adj. PBH carved, engraved. [Pass. part. of גָּלַף. See גלף and cp. גּֽלוּפָה.]

 

גִּלּוּף m.n. MH carving, engraving. [Verbal n. of גִּלֵּף, Pi. of גלף.]

 

גְּלוּפַאי m.n. NH zincographer. [Formed from גָּלַף (see גלף) with suff. ◌ַי.]

 

גְּלוּפָה f.n. NH block for printing. [Subst. use of the f. of גָּלוּף.]

 

גְּלוּפְקָר m.n. PBH blanket. [Aram. גְּלוּפְקְרִין, from Gk. kerbikarion, which corresponds to L. cervīcārium (= cushion, pillow), from cervīx (= nape of the neck, neck). L. cervīx is a compound word. Its first element is prob. related to cerebrum (= brain), and the second to the base of vincīre (= to bind). Accordingly L. cervīx lit. means ‘that which binds or fixes the head’.]

 

גְּלוּקוֹזָה f.n. FW glucose (chemistry). [Fren. glucose, from misspelling of Gk. gleukos (= must, sweet wine), which is related to Gk. glykys (= sweet), from orig. dlyk-ys, which is cogn. with L. dulcis (= sweet). cp. ‘dulcet’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to. cp. also גְּלִיצֶרִין, גְּלִיקוֹגֶן.]

 

גְּלוֹקוֹמָה f.n. FW glaucoma (disease). [Medical L., from Gk. glaukoma, from glaukos (= gleaming, bright; gray, bluish green), which is of uncertain origin. See ‘glauco–’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to.]

 

גָּלוּת f.n. exile, captivity, banishment. [Formed from גלה with suff. ◌וּת. cp. גָּלוּתָא.] Derivative: גָּלוּתִי.

 

גָּלוּתָא f.n. PBH exile. [JAram., corresponding to Heb. הַגָּלוּת, related to Syr. and Mand. גָּלוּתָא.]

 

גָּלוּתִי adj. NH exilic, exile-like, ghetto-like (used mostly in derogatory sense). [Formed from גָּלוּת with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גָּלוּתִיּוּת.

 

גָּלוּתִיּוּת f.n. NH nature of the Diaspora, ghetto nature (mostly used in a derogatory sense). [Formed from גָּלוּתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גלח to shave.

    — Pi. - גִּלַּח he shaved.

    — Pu. - גֻּלַּח he was shaved.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּלַּח he shaved himself. [JAram. גְּלַח (= he shaved), Arab. jaliḥa (= he was or became bald).] Derivatives: גַּלָּח, גַּלַּחַת, גָּלוּחַ, גִּלּוּחַ, הִתְגַּלּֽחוּת, מַגְלֵח, מֽגֻלָּח, תִּגְלַחַת.

 

גַּלָּח m.n. MH a Christian priest, monk. [From גלח (= lit.: ‘the tonsured one’).] Derivative: גַּלָּחוּת.

 

גַּלָּחוּת f.n. MH Christian priesthood. [Formed from גַּלָּח with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּלַּֽחַת f.n. PBH the shaven place. [Formed from גִּלַּח (see גלח) with suff. ◌ַת. For the form cp. סַפַּחַת (= scurf, scab).]

 

גַּלִּי adj. MH 1 wavelike. NH 2 wavy, undulating. [Formed from גַּל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גַּלִּיּוּת.

 

גְּלֵי adj. PBH openly; uncovered (used in the phrase בּֽרֵישׁ גּֽלֵי, ‘publicly’, lit. ‘with an uncovered head’). [Aram., pass. part. of גּֽלֵי (= he uncovered), hence equivalent to Heb. גָּלוּי (q.v.).]

 

גְּלִיד m.n. PBH ice. [From גָּלַד. cp. Aram.–Syr. גּֽלִידָא, Arab. jalīd (= ice).]

 

גְּלִידַאי m.n. NH 1 ice-cream manufacturer. 2 ice-cream vendor. [Formed from גְּלִידָה with agential suff. ◌ַאי.]

 

גְּלִידָה f.n. NH ice cream. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from גּֽלִיד (= ice), on the analogy of לֽבִיבָה (= pancake). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גַּלְיוּם m.n. FW gallium (chemistry). [Modern L. gallium, coined by the French chemist Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1838–1912), the discoverer of this element, from L. Gallia, the former name of France. The name gallium may also be an allusion to his name Lecoq (lit.: ‘the cock’ = L. gallus).]

 

גִּלָּיוֹן m.n. (pl. גִּלְיוֹנִים, also גִּלֽיוֹנוֹת) 1 tablet for writing. 2 polished plate, mirror. NH 3 margin. NH 4 copy of a newspaper. [From גִּלָה (= he revealed), Pi. of גלה. Whence also Syr. גֶּלָיוֹנָא (= volume), גֶּלֽיָנָא, גֶּלֽיוֹנָא (= revelation). Some scholars, referring to the Septuagint rendering of the word וְהַגִּלְיוֹנִים (Is. 3:23) and to Arab. jalwa (= a fine garment), and to Akka. gulēnce (= name of a garment), render גִּלָּיוֹן in sense 2 by ‘fine garment’).] Derivative: גִּלְיוֹנִי.

 

גִּלְיוֹנִי adj. NH apocalyptic. [Formed from גִּלָּיוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּלִּיּוּת f.n. MH waviness, undulation. [Formed from גַּלִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גָּלִיל ᴵ m.n. 1 turning leaf of a folding door. 2 pillar. NH 3 cylinder, roll. [From גלל.] Derivative: גְּלִילִי ᴵ.

 

גָּלִיל ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 district, region. PBH 2 הַגָּלִיל Galilee (shortened from גְּלִיל הַגּוֹיִים, ‘the district of nations’). [From גלל. cp. JAram.–Syr. גְּלִילָא (= region).] Derivative: גְּלִילִי ᴵᴵ.

 

גְּלִילָה f.n. NH 1 rolling, wrapping. MH 2 wrapping up the Scroll of the Torah. [Verbal n. of גָּלַל. See גלל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּלִילִי ᴵ adj. NH cylindrical. [Formed from גָּלִיל ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גְּלִילִיּוּת.

 

גְּלִילִי ᴵᴵ adj. PBH 1 regional. 2 Galilean. [Formed from גָּלִיל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּלִילִיּוּת f.n. NH cylindricity. [Formed from גְּלִילִי ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גְּלִים m.n. NH mantle, cloak. [See גְּלִימָה.]

 

גְּלִימָה f.n. PBH mantle, cloak. [From JAram. גּֽלִימָא. See גּֽלוֹם and cp. גְּלִים.]

 

גלין to fluctuate.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּלְיֵן it fluctuated. [Denominated from גַּלְיָנִי.]

 

גַּלְיָנִי adj. NH undulating. [Formed from גַּל ᴵᴵ (= wave), with suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: גלין.

 

גָּלֵינֵי m.n. PBH calmness. [From Gk. galene (= calmness of the sea).]

 

גְּלִיפָה f.n. PBH engraving. [Verbal n. of גָּלַף; see גלף.]

 

גְּלִיצֶרִין m.n. FW glycerin(e) (chemistry). [Fren. glycerine, coined by the French chemist Michel-Eugène Chevreul (1786–1889), from Gk. glykeros (= sweet), from glykis (= sweet). See גְּלוּקוֹזָה and cp. גְּלִיקוֹגֶן.]

 

גְּלִיקוֹגֶן m.n. FW glycogen (chemistry). [Coined by the French physiologist Claude Bernard in 1848 from Gk. glykis (= sweet). See גּֽלוּקוֹזָה and cp. גּֽלִיצֶרִין.]

 

גְּלִישָׁה f.n. NH 1 glide, gliding. 2 overflow. 3 skiing. [Verbal n. of גָּלַשׁ. See גלשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גלל to roll (esp. to roll large stones).

    — Qal - גָּלַל 1 he rolled, rolled away; PBH 2 he wrapped.

    — Niph. - נָגֹל, נִגְלַל rolled up; was rolled, was folded.

    — Po‘el . - גּוֹלֵל he rolled, unrolled, unfolded.

    — Po‘al . - גּוֹלַל was rolled, was unrolled, was unfolded.

    — Hithpol. - הִתְגּוֹלֵל 1 he rolled himself, wallowed; 2 he sought occasion against.

    — Hiph. - הֵגֵל he rolled away, removed.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְלַל was rolled up, was removed.

    — Pilp. (see . - גלגל ). [Aram. גַּלֵּל (= he rolled, rolled away), Ethiop. galaga (= it accumulated, heaped up); whence the nouns גַּלְגַּל (= wheel), גָּלָל (= dung), גַּל ᴵ (= heap), גַּל ᴵᴵ (= wave), JAram.–Syr. גָּלָּא (= tortoise). Related to base גיל.] Derivatives: גַּל ᴵ, גַּל ᴵᴵ, גַּל ᴵᴵᴵ, גֹּל, גַּלְגַּל ᴵ, גַּלְגַּל ᴵᴵ, גֻּלָּה ᴵ, גֻּלָּה ᴵᴵ, גָּלוּל, גְּלוּלָה, גְּלוּלִית, גָּלִיל ᴵ, גָּלִיל ᴵᴵ, גְּלִילָה, גָּלָל, גְּלַל, גֻּלְּתָא, הִתְגּוֹלְלוּת, מֽגוֹלָל, מְגִלָּה, מַגְלוּל, מַגְלֵלָה, מִגְלֶלֶת, possibly also גִּלּוּל. cp. מַגָּל.

 

גָּלָל m.n. dung. [From גלל. cp. JAram. גַּלָּא, גְּלָלָא, Aram. jalla (= dung).]

 

גְּלָל m.n. in אֶבֶן גּֽלָל, ‘square hewn stones’. [BAram., also JAram. and Mand. Derived from גְּלַל (= he rolled) and lit. meaning ‘stones ground by turning’. cp. Akka. aban galāla, which corresponds both in etymology and meaning to BAram. אֶבֶן גּֽלָל.]

 

גְּלַל prep. on account of, because of, for the sake of (in the Bible only with the pref. בּ: בִּגְלַל). [From גלל. Related to JAram. בִּגְלַל, Syr. לִגְלַל (= on account of), Arab. jalal (= a weighty and momentous matter), min jalalika, min jalālika, min ’ajlika (= on your account, for your sake).]

 

גִּלֲלַי m.n. somebody (used together with preceding מִלֲלַי, after Neh. 12:36, where מִלֲלַי and גִּלֲלַי are personal names of men).

 

גלם to wrap up, to fold.

    — Qal - גָּלַם he wrapped up, folded together (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 2:8 in the form יִגְלֹם).

    — Niph. - נִגֽלַם was embodied.

    — Pi. - גִּלֵּם he embodied, personified.

    — Pu. - גֻּלַּם was embodied.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּלֵּם 1 was embodied. 2 pupated.

    — Hiph. - הִגְלִים he wrapped.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְלַם he took on the form of a body. [JAram. גּוּלְמָא (= a shapeless mass), Syr. גַּלְמָא (= a shapeless mass; a rocky place).] Derivatives: גִּלּוּם, גֹּלֶם, הֶגֽלֵם, הִתְגַּלְּמוּת.

 

גֹּֽלֶם m.n. 1 shapeless matter (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 139:16 in the form גָּלְמִי). MH 2 ‘Golem’ — legendary human figure made of clay. NH 3 cocoon. NH 4 a shapeless mass. [From גלם.] Derivatives: גֶּלֶם, גָּלֽמִי, גָּלְמָנוּת, גָּלְמָנִי.

 

גֶּלֶם m.n. NH raw (in חָמְרֵי־גֶּלֶם, ‘raw materials’). [From גֹּלֶם.]

 

גלמד to make lonely.

    — Pi. - גִּלְמֵד he made solitary, made lonely.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּלְמֵד became solitary, became lonely. [Back formation from גַּלְמוּד.]

 

גֵּלְמוּד adj. 1 lonely, solitary. 2 (according to others) barren. [Related to Arab. jamada (= was hard), jalmada (= was turned into a stone), jalmud (= a hard stone).] Derivatives: גלמד, גַּלְמוּדוּת, גַּלֽמוּדִיּוּת.

 

גַּלְמוּדוּת, גַּלְמוּדִיּוּת f.n. NH loneliness, solitariness. [Formed from גַּלְמוּד with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּלְמוּדִיּוּת see גַּלְמוּדוּת.

 

גַּלְמוּשׁ m.n. NH lever-wood, Ostria virginiana (botany). [From גּוֹלְמִישׁ, a kind of cedar, which is of unknown etymology.]

 

גָּלְמִי adj. PBH shapeless, raw, crude. [Formed from גֹּלֶם with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גָּלְמִיּוּת.

 

גַּלְמִידוּת f.n. NH loneliness, solitariness. [Formed from גַּלְמוּד with suff. ◌וּת. cp. גַּלְמוּדִיּוּת.]

 

גָּלְמִיּוּת f.n. NH shapelessness, crudeness. [Formed from גָּלְמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גָּלְמָנוּת f.n. NH awkwardness, clumsiness. [Formed from גֹּלֶם with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

 

גָּלְמָנִי adj. NH awkward, clumsy. [Formed from גֹּלֶם with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

גַּלַנְטֶרְיָה f.n. FW fancy goods. [It. galanteria (= politeness, gallantry, delicacy), from galante (= polite, courteous, gallant), Sp. galante (of s.m.), which derives from gala (= celebration), from Arab. khil‘a (= robe of honor presented by oriental rulers to their favorites). cp. ‘gallant’ in my CEDEL.]

 

גְּלֻסְקָה, גְּלוּסְקָא f.n. PBH (pl. גְּלֻסְקָאוֹת, also גּֽלֻסֽקוֹת) cake, roll. [Borrowed from Gk. kolix (= a roll of coarse bread), which is of unknown origin.]

 

גלע to disclose oneself, burst out.

    — Niph. - נִגְלַע it was disclosed, it broke out.

    — Pi. - גִּלַּע it disclosed, caused to break out.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּלַּע it disclosed, itself, broke out, burst out. [Perhaps related to גלה (= to uncover).] Derivatives: גִּלּוּעַ, הִתְגַּלְּעוּת.

 

גַּלְעֵד m.n. monument standing for גַּל־עֵד (= hill of testimony). See גַּל and עֵד.

 

גֵּלְעִין m.n. PBH pit, stone (in fruit), kernel. [A collateral form of גַּרְעִין.] Derivatives: גַּלְעִינִי, גלען.

 

גַּלְעִינִי adj. NH (fruit) containing a stone. [Formed from גַּלֽעִין with suff. ◌ִי. cp. גַּרְעִינִי.]

 

גלען to pit, to stone (fruit).

    — Pi. - גִּלְעֵן (= he stoned fruit).

    — Pu. - גֻּלְעַן (= was stoned). [Denominated from גַּלְעִין.] Derivative: מְגֻלְעָן.

 

גלף to engrave, carve.

    — Qal - גָּלַף he carved, engraved.

    — Pi. - גִּלֵּף (of s.m.).

    — Pu. - גֻּלַּף was carved, was engraved. [Hebraization of Gk. glyphein (= to hollow out, engrave, carve), which is cogn. with L. glūbere (= to peel, shell). See ‘cleave’ (= to split), in my CEDEL. and cp. גְּלוּמָה and the second element in הִיֶּרוֹגְלִיפִים.] Derivatives: גַּלָּף, גִּלּוּף, גְּלוּפָה, גְּלִיפָה, מַגְלֵף, מִגְלָף, מְגֻלָּף, תַּגְלִיף and the first element in גְּלַפֽכֹּל.

 

גַּלָּף m.n. NH 1 engraver. 2 zincographer. [Nomen opificis formed from גִּלֵּף (= he carved, engraved), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גְּלַפְכֹּל m.n. NH pantograph. [Compounded of גָּלַף (= he carved; see גלף), and כֹּל (= all).]

 

גָּלַקְטוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW galactometer. [Compounded of Gk. gala (= milk), and metron (= measure). The first element is cogn. with L. lac (= milk). See לַקְטוֹז. For — the second element see מֶטֶר.]

 

גָּלַקְסְיָה f.n. FW the ‘Milky Way’, galaxy. [Gk. Galaxias (= the Milky Way; lit.: ‘the Milky Circle’), from gala (= milk).]

 

גָּלֶרְיָה f.n. FW gallery. [It. galleria; of uncertain origin.]

 

גלשׁ to go down, glide down.

    — Qal - גָּלַשׁ 1 he went down, glided down; NH 2 it overflowed; NH 3 he skied.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּלֵּשׁ he glided down.

    — Hiph. - הִגֽלִישׁ he caused to overflow, caused to boil.

    — Hoph. - הֻגֽלַשׁ was caused to boil. [Arab. jalasa (= he went up, went down, sat up). For sense development cp. Arab. wathaba (= he jumped, leaped; he sat).] Derivatives: גְּלִישָׁה, גַּלָּשׁ, גִּלְשׁוֹן, גְּלָשִׁים, גַּלְשָׁן, גַּלֶּשֶׁת, הַגְלָשָׁה, גְּלִישָׁה, מִגְלָשׁ, הִתְגַּלְּשׁוּת, מֵגֽלֵשָׁה, מִגְלָשַׁיִם.

 

גַּלָּשׁ m.n. NH skier. [Nomen opificis formed from גלשׁ (= to ski), according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גִּלְשׁוֹן m.n. NH glider (plane). [Formed from גלשׁ (= to glide), with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גְּלָשִׁים m.n. boiling water. [From גלשׁ.]

 

גַּלְשָׁן m.n. NH 1 skier. 2 glider. 3 hang-glider. [Formed from גלשׁ with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גַּלֶֽשֶׁת f.n. NH eczema (disease). [Coined from גלשׁ according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving in NH to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

גֻּלְּתָא f.n. PBH (pl. גֻּלְּתָאוֹת) woolen mantle. [JAram., from גלל (= to roll; to wrap).]

 

גַּם ᴵ conj. also, to, even as well. [Prob. from base גמס, meaning ‘much’, ‘many’, ‘a heap’. Whence also Arab. jamma (= became much), jamm (= heap, abundance, much), jamman (= in a mass, altogether). Prob. related to Ugar. gm (= loudly).]

 

גַּם ᴵᴵ, גַּמָּא m.n. PBH (pl. גַּמִּין) . 1 gamma. 2 ‘gimel’. [Gk. gamma, from Heb.–Phoen. גִּימֶל. See גִּימֶל and cp. Heb. גָּמָל, Aram. גַּמֽלָא (= camel).]

 

גמא to sip.

    — Qal - גָּמָא he sipped, swallowed.

    — Niph. - נִגֽמָא was sipped, swallowed.

    — Pi. - גִּמֵּא he swallowed.

    — Hiph. - הִגְמִיא he gave to drink.

    — Hoph. - הֻגֽמָא was given to drink. [JAram. גְּמָא, גְּמַע (= he sipped). See גמע.] Derivatives: גְּמַאי, גַּמְּאָן, גְּמִיאִָה, גּֽמִיָּה. cp. גֹּמֶא.

 

גֹּֽמֶא m.n. papyrus. [According to Gesenius, from גמא (q.v.) and lit. meaning ‘the plant that swallows water’, with reference to L. bibula papyrus, which prob. means ‘the papyrus that drinks up moisture’. Several other scholars see in גֹּמֶא an Egyptian loan word; cp. Coptic kam (= papyrus). cp. also גּֽמִי.]

 

גֻּמָּא, גֻּמָּה f.n. PBH hole, pit. [Prob. from גמם. cp. גּֽמָמִית.]

 

גְּמַאי m.n. PBH liquid food. [From גמא.]

 

גַּמְּאָן m.n. NH sprinter. [Formed from גִּמֵּא (after יּֽגַמֶּא־אָרֶץ.), ‘he swallowed the ground’. See גמא and agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גַּ׳מְבּוֹרִי m.n. FW jamboree. [Eng. jamboree, of Hindu origin; introduced by Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936).]

 

גַּמְבִּיט m.n. FW gambit. [Fren. gambit, from Sp. gambito, from Arab. janbiyy (= lateral), from janb (= side), which is related to JAram.–Syr. גַּבָּא (= side), Heb. גָּנַב (= he stole); lit.: ‘he put aside’. See גנב.]

 

גִּמְגוּם m.n. NH 1 stammering, stuttering. MH 2 hesitation. [Verbal n. of גִּמְגֵּם; see גמגם. The word גִּמְגּוּם was coined by Rashi (1040–1105).]

 

גמגם to stammer, stutter.

    — Pilp. - גִּמְגֵּם 1 he stammered, stuttered; 2 he hesitated.

    — Pulp. - גֻּמְגַּם was stammered, was stuttered. [Aram. גַּמֽגֵּם, Arab. jamjama (= he stammered, stuttered); prob. of imitative origin.] Derivatives: גִּמְגּוּם, גַּמְגּֽמָן, מֽגַמְגֵּם, מְגֻמְגָּם.

 

גַּמְגְּמָן m.n. NH stammerer, stutterer. [Formed from גמגם with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: גַּמֽגּֽמָנוּת, גַּמְגְּמָנִי.

 

גַּמְגְּמָנוּת f.n. NH stammering, stuttering. [Formed from גַּמְגְּמָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּמְגְּמָנִי adj. NH stammering, stuttering. [Formed from גַּמְגְּמָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּמָּד m.n. NH dwarf. [From גַּמָּדִים, name of a nation mentioned Ezek. 27:11. The meaning ‘dwarf’ is prob. due to an association of proper name גַּמָּדִים with גֹּמֶד (= cubit). For sense development cp. עֲנָק (= giant), from the proper name עֲנָק (usually with the art. הָעֲנָק), name of an early giant people.] Derivatives: גַּמָּדוּת, גַּמָּדִי.

 

גמד to contract, reduce.

    — Qal - גָּמַד he contracted, reduced.

    — Niph. - נִגְמַד was contracted, was reduced, shrank.

    — Pi. - גִּמֵּד he contracted, reduced.

    — Pu. - גֻּמַּד was contracted, was reduced.

    — Nith. - נִתֽגַּמֵּד was contracted, was reduced, shrank. [JAram.–Syr. גּֽמַד (= it contracted, shrank), Arab. jamada (= it congealed, hardened, stiffened); related to גֹּמֶד.] Derivatives: גֶּמֶד, גָּמוּד, גִּמּוּד, גְּמִידָה, הַגְמָדָה, הִתְגַּמּֽדוּת.

 

גֶּֽמֶד m.n. NH rudiment. [From גמד.]

 

גֹּֽמֶד m.n. cubit. [Related to JAram. גַּרְמִידָא, Syr. גּוּרֽמִידָא (= cubit), Mand. גורמוזא, Ethiop. gend (= stick). cp. גַּמָּד.]

 

גַּמָּדוּת f.n. NH dwarfishness. [Formed from גַּמָּד with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּמָּדִי adj. NH dwarfish. [Formed from גַּמָּד with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גָּמוּד adj. PBH 1 contracted, shrunken. NH 2 stunted. [Pass. part. of גָּמַד. See גמד.]

 

גִּמּוּד m.n. NH contraction, shrinking. [Verbal n. of גִּמֵּד (= he contracted), Pi. of גמד.]

 

גִּמּוּז m.n. NH caprification. [Verbal n. of גִּמֵּז; see גמז.]

 

גָּמוּל ᴵ adj. 1 weaned. PBH 2 bereft, deprived. [Pass. part. of גָּמַל. See גמל ᴵ.]

 

גָּמוּל ᴵᴵ adj. MH (a person) rewarded. [Pass. part. of גָּמַל. See גמל ᴵᴵ.]

 

גְּמוּל m.n. 1 action, deed. 2 recompense, reward, benefit. [From גמל ᴵᴵ. cp. גְּמוּלָה.]

 

גְּמוּלָה f.n. 1 (pl.) deeds. 2 recompense, reward. [A secondary form of גְּמוּל. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גִּמּוּם m.n. MH MH 1 forming of a hole. NH 2 cutting, lopping. NH 3 pitting. [Verbal n. of גִּמֵּם, Pi. of גמם.]

 

גָּמוּם adj. PBH 1 truncate. PBH 2 hornless. NH 3 cut, lopped. NH 4 full of holes. [Pass. part. of גָּמַם. See גמם.]

 

גָּמֽוּעַ adj. NH sipped, swallowed, gulped. [Pass. part. of גָּמַע. See גמע.]

 

גִּמּֽוּעַ m.n. MH swallowing, gulping. [Verbal n. of גִּמַּע (= he swallowed, gulped), Pi. of גמע.]

 

גָּמוּר adj. PBH 1 complete, perfect. 2 ripe (fruit). 3 absolute, certain. [Pass. part. of גָּמַר. See גמר.]

 

גִּמּוּר m.n. NH finishing, finish, end. [Verbal n. of גִּמֵּר, Pi. of גמר ᴵ.]

 

גִּמּוּשׁ m.n. NH making elastic. [Verbal n. of גִּמֵּשׁ, Pi. of גמשׁ.]

 

גמז to caprificate.

    — Pi. - גִּמֵּז he caprificated (properly ‘he cut off branches for caprification’). [Derived from גִּמְזִיָּה.]

 

גִּמְזִיָּה f.n. NH a tender branch. [Prob. related to Arab. jamz (= that which is left of the branch of the palm tree).] Derivative: גמז.

 

גֻּמְחָה f.n. NH niche, alcove. [From JAram. גַּמֽחָא. cp. Akka. gimaḥḥu (= tomb, sepulcher), Palm. גמח, גוח (of s.m.). cp. also Arm. kmax (of s.m.).]

 

גַּמְחוֹן m.n. PBH stubborn, capricious. [Explanation of the name גַּחַם (Gen. 22:24) in Gen. Rabba. cp. Arab. jamaḥa (= he was refractory, was recalcitrant — said esp. of a horse). For another explanation of the name גַּחַם see גַּהֲמוֹן.] Derivatives: גַּמְחוֹנוּת, גַּמֽחוֹנִי.

 

גַּמְחוֹנוּת f.n. NH stubbornness, capriciousness. [Formed from גַּמְחוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּמְחוֹנִי adj. NH stubborn, capricious. [Formed from גַּמְחוֹן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּמְטוּר m.n. NH interpretation by means of gematria. [Verbal n. of גִּמֽטֵר. See גמטר.]

 

גמטר to interpret words by means of ‘gematria’.

    — Pi. - גִּמְטֵר he interpreted (words) by means of gematria.

    — Pu. - גֻּמֽטַר was interpreted by means of gematria. [Back formation from גִּימַטְרִיָּא.] Derivative: גִּטְטוּר.

 

גְּמִי, גֶּֽמִי m.n. PBH reed. [Related to Samaritan גמיא, Egypt.–Aram. גמא, Ethiop. gōm‘ē and to Heb. גֹּמֶא (q.v.).]

 

גֻּמִּי see גוּמִי.

 

גְּמִיאָה f.n. PBH sipping, drinking. [Verbal n. of גָּמָא. See גמא and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. גִּמִיָּה and גְּמִיעָה.]

 

גְּמִידָה f.n. PBH stunting, dwarfing. [Verbal n. of גָּמַד. See גמד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּמִיָּה f.n. PBH sipping, drinking. [A collateral form of גְּמִיאָה.]

 

גְּמִילָה ᴵ f.n. NH ripening, maturation. [Verbal n. of גָּמַל. See גמל ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּמִילָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH recompensing, rewarding. [Verbal n. of גָּמַל. See גמל ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גְּמִילוּת f.n. PBH used in the phrases גְּמִילוּת חֲסָדִים, ‘benevolence, charity’; גְּמִילוּת חֶסֶד, ‘loan (to the poor) without interest’. [Formed from גָּמַל. See גמל ᴵᴵ and suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גְּמִיעָה f.n. PBH sipping, swallowing, gulping, drinking. [Verbal n. of גָּמַע. See גמע and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. גְּמִיאָה.]

 

גְּמִירָא m.n. PBH end, finish, completion. [JAram., from גְּמַר (= he completed), which is related to Heb. גָּמַר. See גמר and cp. גְּמִירָה.]

 

גְּמִירָה f.n. MH ending, finishing, completion. [Verbal n. of גָּמַר. See גמר and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. גְּמִירָא.]

 

גָּמִישׁ adj. NH pliant, flexible, elastic. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from גמשׁ.] Derivative: גְּמִישׁוּת.

 

גְּמִישׁוּת f.n. NH pliantness, elasticity. [Coined from גָּמִישׁ and suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גמל ᴵ to ripen; to wean.

    — Qal - גָּמַל 1 it ripened; 2 he weaned.

    — Niph. - נִגְמַל 1 was weaned; MH 2 ripened.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּמֵּל he weaned himself (of something). [Related to גמר. The orig. meaning of this base prob. was ‘to be complete’, hence it is related to Arab. kamala (= was whole, was complete), Akka. gitmalu (= perfect, complete).] Derivatives: גָּמוּל ᴵ, גְּמִילָה ᴵ, הִגָּמְלוּת, הִתְגַּמְּלוּת, perhaps also גִּימוֹל.

 

גמל ᴵᴵ to pay, reward, recompense.

    — Qal - גָּמַל 1 he did so, rendered to; 2 he repaid, rewarded, recompensed.

    — Niph. - נִגְמַל 1 it was done to him; 2 he was paid. [JAram., Samaritan, Egypt.–Aram., Nab. and Palm. גמל (= to pay, reward, recompense), Arab. jamala (= he collected), jamula (= was beautiful, was handsome), ajmala (= he acted well, acted decently), Akka. gamālu (= to spare, forgive, give), turru gimilli (= to repay). Derivatives: גּוֹמֵל, גָּמוּל ᴵᴵ, גְּמוּל, גְּמוּלָה, גְּמִילָה ᴵᴵ, גְּמִילוּת, גִּמְלָה, תַּגְמוּל.

 

גָּמָל m.n. camel. [Related to Phoen. גמל, JAram.–Syr. גַּמְלָא, Egypt.–Aram., Nab., Palm. גמלא, Mand. גומלא, Arab. jamal, Ethiop. and Tigré gamal, Akka. gammalu (= camel). Gk. kamelos (whence L. camēlus), is a loan word from Heb.–Phoen. גָּמָל. Derivatives: גַּמָּל, גְּמַלָּה, גַּמֽלוֹן ᴵ, גַּמְלוֹן ᴵᴵ, גַּמְלוֹנִי, גְּמַלִּי, גַּמְלָן, גַּמְלָנִי, גַּמֶּלֶת. cp. גִּימֶל.

 

גַּמָּל m.n. PBH camel driver. [Nomen opificis formed from גָּמָל according to the pattern פַּעָל. cp. JAram.–Syr. גַּמָּלָא (= camel driver), nomen opificis formed from גַּמְלָא (= camel).]

 

גִּמְלָאוּת f.n. NH right or title to receive a pension. [Formed from גִּמְלָה with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּמְלָה f.n. PBH gangway, gangboard. [JAram. גַּמְלָא; of uncertain origin.]

 

גִּמְלָה f.n. NH pension. [Formed from גמל ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. Aram. גִּמְלָא, rendering גְּמוּל (= recompense).] Derivative: גִּמְלָאוּת.

 

גְּמַלָּה f.n. PBH she camel. [Formed from גָּמָל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גַּמְלוֹן ᴵ m.n. NH gable. [Formed from גָּמָל (= camel), with suff. ◌וֹן; so called from its shape suggestive of a camel’s hump. cp. גַּמְלוֹן ᴵᴵ.]

 

גַּמְלוֹן ᴵᴵ, גַּמְלוֹנִי adj. (PBH and NH resp.) very large. [Formed from גָּמָל (= camel), with suff. ◌וֹן, resp. ◌וֹנִי. For sense development cp. the English words horsemint, horse mussel, horse-radish, etc. cp. גַּמְלָן, גַּמְלָנִי.] Derivative: גַּמְלוֹנוּת.

 

גַּמְלוֹנוּת f.n. NH overlarge size. [Formed from גַּמְלוֹן ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גְּמֵלוּת f.n. NH ripeness, maturity. [Formed from גמל ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גְּמַלִּי adj. MH of a camel; camel-like. [Formed from גָּמָל with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּמְלָן, גַּמְלָנִי adj. (PBH and NH resp.) very large. [Formed from גָּמָל (= camel) with suff. ◌ָן. For sense development see the related גַּמְלוֹן, גַּמְלוֹנִי.]

 

גֵּמֶּֽלֶת f.n. PBH camel caravan. [Formed from גָּמָל (= camel), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת.]

 

גמם to cut (the branch of a tree).

    — Qal - גָּמַם he cut (the branch of a tree), lopped.

    — Niph. - נִגְמַם was cut, was lopped.

    — Pi. - גִּמֵּם he cut, lopped.

    — Pu. - גֻּמַּם was cut, was lopped. [Arab. jamma (= he cut off).] Derivatives: גָּמוּם, גִּמּוּם, גְּמָמִית, מֽגֻמָּם, prob. Also גֻּמָּה.

 

גְּמָמִית f.n. PBH a small hole. [Formed from גמם with dimin. suff. ◌ִית. cp. גֻּמָּם.]

 

גמע to sip, swallow.

    — Qal - גָּמַע he sipped, swallowed, gulped, drank.

    — Niph. - נִגְמַע was sipped, was swallowed.

    — Pi. - גִּמַּע he sipped, swallowed, gulped, drank.

    — Hiph. - הּגְמִיעַ he gave to drink.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְמַע was given to drink. [JAram. גְּמָא, גּֽמַע, Arab. jum‘a (= a sip, mouthful, swallow), Ethiop. gem‘ē (= a vessel for liquids). A collateral form of גמא.] Derivatives: גָּמוּעַ, גִּמּוּעַ, גּֽמִיעָה, גַּמְעָן.

 

גַּמְעָן m.n. NH gulper, glutton. [Formed from גמע with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גֻּמָּץ, גּוּמָּץ m.n. pit (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 10:8). [An Aramaic loan word. cp. JAram. קוּמָצָא (= pit). For the interchangeability of ג, כ and ק see the introductory entry to letter ג.]

 

גמר ᴵ to complete, finish.

    — Qal - גָּמַר 1 came to an end; 2 he brought to an end, finished, completed; PBH 3 he concluded, deduced; PBH 4 he learned.

    — Niph. - נִגְמַר was finished, was completed, came to an end.

    — Pi. - גִּמֵּר he finished, wasted, spent, squandered; 2 NH he destroyed.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְמַר 1 was ended, was finished, was completed; 2 was concluded, was decided. [BAram. גְּמִיר (= completed, finished), JAram. גְּמַר (= he perfected, finished, accomplished, he concluded, deduced; he learned), Syr. גְּמַר (= he perfected, finished, accomplished, effected, performed), Arab. jammara, OSArab. גמר (= he collected, assembled), Ethiop. agmara (= he perfected, finished), Akka. gamāru (= to perfect, finish). Related to גמל ᴵ.] Derivatives: גְּמָר, גֶּמֶר, גְּמָרָא, גַּמְרָן ᴵ, גַּמְרָן ᴵᴵ, גָּמוּר, גְּמִירָא, גְּמִירָה, תַּגְמִיר, לְגַמֽרֵי.

 

גמר ᴵᴵ to burn spices on coal.

    — Pi. - גִּמֵּר he burned spices on coal, perfumed.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּמֵּר was perfumed (with spices on coals).

    — Hoph. - הֻגְמַר (of s.m.). [Denominated from Aram. גּוּמְרָא; see גֻּמְרָה and cp. מֻגְמָר ᴵᴵ. cp. also Arab. jamara (= he roasted), which is denominated from jamra (= live coal).]

 

גְּמָר, גֶּֽמֶר m.n. PBH end, completion, conclusion. [From גמר. cp. גְּמָרָא.]

 

גְּמָרָא, גְּמָרָה f.n. PBH ‘Gemara’, commentary on the Mishnah (together with which it forms the Talmud). [JAram., from גְּמַר (= he finished, ended, completed; he concluded, deduced; he learned). See גמר and cp. גְּמָר, גַּמְרָן ᴵᴵ.]

 

גֻּמְרָה f.n. PBH live coal. [From JAram. גּוּמֽרָא, גּוּמַרְתָּא (= live coal), which is related to Aram. jamr (= embers), jamra (= live coal), jammara (= he roasted), ijtamara (= he burned incense).] Derivative: גמר ᴵᴵ.

 

גַּמְרָן ᴵ m.n. NH extremist. [Formed from גמר ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּמְרָנוּת.

 

גַּמְרָן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH expert in ‘Gemara’, Talmudist. [Formed from גּֽמָרָא with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גַּמְרָנוּת f.n. NH extremism. [Formed from גַּמֽרָן ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גמשׁ to bend.

    — Pi. - גִּמֵּשׁ he made flexible, made elastic.

    — Nith. - נִתְגַּמֵּשׁ was made elastic, became elastic.

    — Hiph. - הִגֽמִישׁ he made elastic.

    — Hoph. - הֻגֽמַשׁ was made elastic. [Borrowed from JAram. גַּמֵּשׁ (= he bent), which is prob. related to כְּמַשׁ (= was wrinkled), and to Arab. qamasa (= he dipped, immersed). See כמשׁ.] Derivatives: גִּמּוּשׁ, גָּמִישׁ, הַגְמָשָׁה, הִתְגַּמּֽשׁוּת.

 

גְּמָשָׁה f.n. FW gamash. [Fren. gamache, from gamacho, from galamacha, from Sp. guadamaci, from Arab. ghadamasīyy; lit.: ‘leather’, from Ghadames (a town in Tripoli).]

 

גַּן m.n. 1 garden. NH 2 (short for גַּן־יֽלָדִים) kindergarten. [Aram. גִּנָּא, גִּנְּתָא, Ugar. gn, Arab. janna, Akka. ganna (= garden).] Derivatives: גַּנִּי, גַּנָּן, גַּנּוֹן. cp. גנן.

 

גֶּן m.n. FW gene (biology). See ◌גֶּן.

 

◌גֶּן FW -gen. [Combining form used in the senses: something produced, something that produces (as in ‘oxygen’, ‘hydrogen’). The second sense was introduced by the French chemist Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier in 1789. From Fren. – géne, from Gk. – genus (= born of, produced by), from IE base * gên–, * gênē–, * ĝenō–, * ĝn– (= to beget, bear, bring forth; produce).]

 

גְּנַאי, גְּנַי m.n. shame, disgrace, disrapture. [From גנה.]

 

גנב to steal, rob, cheat, delude.

    — Qal - גָּנַב 1 he stole, he robbed; 2 he cheated, deceived, deluded.

    — Niph. - נִגְנַב was stolen.

    — Pi. - גִּנֵּב 1 he stole frequently, was a habitual thief; PBH 2 he slipped in, he slipped out.

    — Pu. - גֻּנַּב he was stolen, it was stolen.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּנֵּב he slipped in.

    — Hiph. - הִגֽנִיב he passed on stealthily, he introduced surreptitiously, he smuggled in.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְנַב he was passed on stealthily, he was smuggled in. [Aram. גְּנַב, Arab. janaba (= put aside), from janb (= side).] Derivatives: גַּנָּב, גָּנֵב, גְּנֵבָה, גַּנֽבָן.

 

גַּנָּב m.n. thief. [Derived from גנב, according to the pattern פַּעָל.] Derivatives: גַּנָּבוּת, גַּנָּבִי, and perhaps also גְּנַבְתָּן.

 

גָּנֵב m.n. PBH theft. [From גנב (q.v.).]

 

גְּנֵבָה f.n. theft, stolen goods, pilferage. [Formed from גנב with suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: גְּנֵבוּת.

 

גְּנֵבוּת f.n. PBH theft. [Formed from גּֽנֵבָה with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּנָּבוּת f.n. NH thievery. [Formed from גַּנָּב with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּנָּבִי adj. NH thievish. [Formed from גַּנָּב with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּנְבָן m.n. NH a thievish person, sneak thief. [Formed from גַּנָּב with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: גַּנְבָנִי, גַּנֽבָנוּת.

 

גַּנְבָנִי adj. NH thievish. [Formed from גַּנְבָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּנְבָנוּת f.n. NH thievery. [Formed from גַּנְבָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גִּנְבָּר m.n. NH ginger. [Aram. גִּנְבְּרָא, from Gk. dzingiberis (= ginger), from Pali sin̄givera, from Old I. śyn̄gavera (= ginger; lit.: ‘hornlike’), from śyn̄gam (= horn) and vēra (= body); so called in allusion to the hornlike shape of the root.]

 

גְּנֻבְתִי adj. stolen (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 31:39). [Obsolete form of c. st. of גּֽנוּבָה, f. of גָּנוּב (q.v.).]

 

גְּנַבְתָּן adj. NH sneak thief, petty thief. [Formed from גַּנָּב or from גֽנֵבָה with adj. suff. ◌ָן or with dimin. suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גַּנְגְּלִיּוֹן m.n. FW ganglion (medicine). [Medical L., from Gk. gagglion (= encysted tumor on a tendon). The word ganglion prob. stands for * ga-glion and is a loan word from Heb. גַּלְגַּל (= anything round; a wheel), from the base גלל (= to roll).]

 

גַּנְגְּסְטֶר m.n. FW gangster. [Eng. gangster. Formed from gang with suff. – ster.]

 

גַּנְגְרֵינָה f.n. FW gangrene. [L. gangraena, from Gk. gangraina (= lit.: ‘that which eats away’), formed through reduplication from gran, granein (= to gnaw, eat).]

 

גֻּנְדָּה f.n. PBH 1 troop, band of soldiers. NH 2 artillery unit. [From Aram. גֻּנֽדָּא (= band, troop). Related to Arab. jund (= army, soldiers). Prob. related to גְּדוּד.]

 

גִּנְדּוּר m.n. coquetry, dandyism. [Verbal n. of גִּנְדֵּר. See גנדר.]

 

גנדר to beautify, dandify, embellish.

    — Pi. - גִּנְדֵּר he beautified, dandified, embellished.

    — Pu. - גֻּנְדַּר was beautified, was dandified.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּנְדֵּר he beautified himself, he dandified himself. [From Aram. אִגַּנְדַּר, which is prob. related to הִתְגַּדֵּר. See גדר.]

 

גֻּנְדָּר m.n. NH 1 squadron leader. 2 high rank official in Israeli prisons’ service. [Formed from גֻּנֽדָּה with suff. ◌ָר.]

 

גַּנְדְּרָן NH 1 dandy, fop. 2 coquettish. [Formed from גנדר with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: גַּנְדְּרָנוּת, גַּנְדְּרָנִי.

 

גַּנְדְּרָנוּת f.n. NH coquetry, dandyism, foppishness. [Formed from גַּנְדְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּנְדְּרָנִי adj. NH coquettish, foppish. [Formed from גַּנְדּֽרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּנָּה f.n. 1 garden, grove. PBH 2 small garden. [Aram. גִּנְּתָא, Arab. janna (= garden), from Sem. origin gann. See גַּן.]

 

גַּנָּה f.n. garden. [A secondary form of גִּנָּה (q.v.).]

 

גנה to denounce, deprecate, condemn, disgrace, defame.

    — Pi. - גִּנָּה he denounced, deprecated, condemned, disgraced, defamed.

    — Pu. - גֻּנָּה he was denounced, deprecated, disgraced.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּנָּה made himself repulsive, was disgraced. [Aram. גְּנֵי (= he was shaded), Arab. janay (= he commited an offence), janyya (= crime).]

 

גְּנוּ m.n. FW gnu (a kind of antelope). [From Eng. gnu, from gnoo, the word by which the German traveler Georg Forster (1754–1794) rendered Kaffir ngu.]

 

גָּנוּב adj. stolen. [Pass. part. of גָּנַב; see גנב.]

 

גְּנוֹגֶֽנֶת f.n. PBH 1 a kind of umbrella. NH 2 awning, canopy.

 

גָּנוּז adj. PBH hidden, concealed, latent. [Pass. part. of גָּנַז; see גנז.]

 

גִּנּוּז m.n. NH keeping in archives. [From גנז.]

 

גִּנּֽוּתַ m.n. MH grown, coughing. [From גנח.]

 

גִּנּוּי m.n. PBH 1 shame, dishonour. MH 2 denunciation. [From גִּנָּה, Pi. of גנה.]

 

גָּנוּן adj. MH protected, guarded. [Pass. part. of גָּנַן; see גנן.]

 

גַּנּוֹן m.n. NH pre-kindergarten. [Formed from גַּן with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גִּנּוּן ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 manner. NH 2 (in pl.) גִּנּוּנִים etiquette. [Prob. from Gk. gennaios (= generous, noble).]

 

גִּנּוּן ᴵᴵ m.n. NH gardening. [From גִּנֵּן, Pi. of גנן ᴵᴵ.]

 

גִּנּוּנִים see גִּנּוּן ᴵ.

 

גַּנּוּנִית f.n. NH small garden. [Formed from גַּן with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גְּנוֹסְטִיקָה f.n. FW gnostics. [From Late L. Gnosticus, from Gk. Gnostikos (= Gnostic: lit.: ‘knowing’), from gignoskein (= to know).]

 

גְּנוּסְיָא, גְּנוּסְיָה f.n. PBH birth. [From Gk. genos (= birth, descent, race), from IE base * ĝen–, * ĝenē (= to beget, produce).]

 

גֶּנּוֹסַיְד, גֶ׳נּוֹסַיְד m.n. FW genocide. [Lit.: ‘killing a tribe’, a hybrid coined from Gk. genos (= race, tribe), and L. cīdere, from caedere (= to kill).]

 

גְּנוּת f.n. PBH disgrace, defamation, libel. [Formed from גנה (q.v.). Related to Aram. גְּנוּתָא (of s.m.).]

 

גַּנָּז m.n. NH 1 curator, keeper. 2 archivist. [Formed from גנז according to the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גנז to hide, conceal, store, file away, shelve.

    — Qal - גָּנַז PBH 1 stored, shelved; PBH 2 concealed, hid; NH 3 cancelled, suspended.

    — Niph. - נִגְנַז NH 1 was stored; PBH 2 was hidden, concealed; NH 3 was cancelled, was suspended. [Denominated from גֶּנֶז. cp. Aram. גְּנַז (= he hided), Pers. ganza (= treasure). Related to כנס.] Derivatives: גַּנָּז, גַּנֽזָן, גְּנִיזָה.

 

גֶּֽנֶז m.n. (used only in the pl.; see גְּנָזִים).

 

גְּנָזִים m.n. 1 treasure, coffer; MH 2 secret hiding place. [pl. of גֶּנֶז. Together with Aram. גִּנְזָא loan from Pers. ganj (= treasure).]

 

גַּנְזַךְ m.n. 1 treasure-house. NH 2 archives. [From Pers. ganjak, from ganj (= treasure), and suff. – ak (= belonging to).] Derivative: גַּנְזַכָּן.

 

גַּנְזַכָּן m.n. NH archivist. [Formed from גַּנְזַךְ with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גַּנְזָן m.n. NH 1 curator, keeper. 2 archivist. [Formed from גנז with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גנח to groan, to cough, to sigh.

    — Qal - גָּנַח PBH 1 he coughed up blood; MH 2 he sighed, groaned.

    — Nith. - נִתְגֵּנַּח he groaned deeply. [cp. Aram. גְּנַח (= he groaned). Related to אנח (q.v.).] Derivative: גְּנִיחַה.

 

גֶּנֶטִי adj. FW genetic. [Eng. genetic, a modern word formed from Gk. genesis (= birth, descent. origin), on analogy of Gk. adjectives ending in – etikos.]

 

גֶּנֶטִיקָה f.n. FW genetics. [Eng. genetics, coined by the English biologist and Geneticist William Bateson (1861–1926) from genetic. See גֶּנֶטִי and suff. ◌קָה.]

 

גֶּ׳נְטְלְמֶן m.n. FW gentleman. [Eng. gentleman, compounded of gentle, in the sense of ‘well-born’, and man.]

 

גַּנִּי adj. MH 1 pertaining to the garden. NH 2 pertaining to the kindergarten. [Formed from גַּן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גֶּנְיָאלִי adj. FW genial. [From Fren. génial (= genial), from Fren. génie (= genius), from L. genius (= tutelary spirit).] Derivative: גֶּנֽיָאלִיּוּת.

 

גֶּנְיָאלִיּוּת f.n. FW geniality. [Formed from גֶּנְיָאלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גֶּנְיוּס m.n. FW genius. [L. genius (= tutelary spirit; inclination, orig. ‘generative power’), for * ĝen-yos, from IE base * ĝen (= to beget, produce). See ◌גֶּן.]

 

גְּנִיזָה f.n. PBH 1 hiding, storage. NH 2 archives. MH 3 storeroom in a synagogue in which disused sacred books are preserved. [Verbal n. of גנז (q.v.).]

 

גְּנִיחָה f.n. MH groan, coughing, sighing. [Verbal n. of גנח (q.v.).]

 

גְּנִינִים m.n. pl. tantum PBH an abortion consisting of a fleshy substance. [From Arab. janin (= embryo, foetus; anything hidden), from jannay (= he concealed).]

 

גנן ᴵ to defend, protect, guard, shelter.

    — Qal - גָּנַן he defended, protected, guarded.

    — Po‘el . - גּוֹנֵן (of s.m.).

    — Po‘al . - גּוֹנַן was defended, was protected, was guarded.

    — Hiph. - חֵגֵן he defended, protected.

    — Hoph. - הוּגַן was defended, was protected, was guarded. [cp. Aram. גְּנַן, אַגֵּן (= he protected), Akka. gannu (= cover), Arab. jannay (= he covered, concealed).]

 

גנן ᴵᴵ to garden.

    — Pi. - גִּנֵּן he gardened.

    — Pu. - גֻּנַּן was gardened. [Denominated from גַּן (= garden).]

 

גַּנָּן m.n. PBH 1 garden owner. NH 2 gardener. [Formed from גַּן.] Derivatives: גַּנָּנוּת, גַּנָּנִית, גַּנֶּנֶת.

 

גַּנָּנוּת f.n. NH gardening, horticulture. [Formed from גַּנָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּנָּנִית f.n. NH gardener (f.). [f. of גַּנָּן.]

 

גַּנֶּֽנֶת f.n. NH kindergarten teacher. [Properly f. of גַּנָּן.]

 

גֶּנֶרָטוֹר m.n. FW generator. [L., from generātus, p. part. of generāre (= to beget, bring forth, produce. generate), from genus (= birth, descent, race). See ◌גֶּן.]

 

גֶּנֶּרַל m.n. FW general (n.). [Fren. général, from général (adj.), from L. generālis (= of a specific kind; relating to all, general), from genus (= sort, kind. class).]

 

גֶּנֶּרָלִי adj. FW general (adj.). [Fren. général from L. generālis (see גֶּנֶּרַל).]

 

גֶּנֶּרָלִיסִימוֹ m.n. generalissimo. [It., superlative of generale (= general), from generale adj., from L. generalis (see גֶּנֶּרַל).]

 

גַּס adj. PBH 1 coarse, bulky. NH 2 vulgar, impolite, discourteous. [Related to גסס ᴵᴵ. Prob. akin to Aram. גָּס (= it was large), and to Arab. jashisha (= coarse flour).]

 

גסה ᴵ to belch, burp.

    — Qal - גָּסָה he belched, burped. [Related to Syr. גְּסָא (= he belched, vomited), Arab. jasha’a, and perhaps also to Ethiop. ḡaš’a (= he belched).

 

גסה ᴵᴵ to make rough, to vulgarize.

    — Pi. - גִּסָּה he made rough, vulgarized.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּסָּה 1 he was made rude, vulgar; 2 it was made rough. [Either derived from גַּס or related to it; see גַּס and גסס ᴵᴵ.]

 

גִּסּוּי m.n. NH belching, burping, eructation. [From גסה ᴵ.]

 

גַּסּוּת f.n. PBH 1 rudeness, bad manners, vulgarity. NH 2 ‘dirty’ words. [Formed from גַּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גֶּ׳סְטָה f.n. FW gesture. [Fren. geste (= gesture), from L. gestus, p. part. of genere (= to carry, to bear, produce, show, manifest, manage, rule, govern, accomplish, perform, do). Of uncertain origin.]

 

גַּסְטְרָא m.n. PBH (pl. גַּסְטְרָאוֹת, also גַּסְטְרָיוֹת) military camp. [From L. castra (= camps).]

 

גַּסְטְרוֹנוֹמְיָה f.n. FW gastronomy, art of cooking. [Fren. gastronomie, from Gk. gastronomia, another name for gastrologia. Formed from gastros (= stomach) and – nomia, from nomos (= anything allotted or designed, usage, custom, law).]

 

גֹּֽסִי m.n. PBH belching. [From גסה ᴵ.]

 

גְּסִיסָה f.n. NH dying, agony. [Verbal n. of גָּסַס; see גסס ᴵ.]

 

גסס ᴵ to be dying, expiring.

    — Qal - גָּסַס he was dying, expiring.] [Prob. related to Arab. jasha’a (= he was convulsed).]

 

גסס ᴵᴵ to behave rudely, be haughty.

    — Qal - גַּס he behaved rudely, was haughty.

    — Hiph. - הֵגֵס he was rude, insolent.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַסֵּס he behaved shamelessly. [Related to גַּס (q.v.). Prob. akin to Aram. גָּס (= it was large), and to Arab. jashisha (= coarse flour).]

 

גְּסָס m.n. PBH side of the body. [Aram. גִּיסָא, גִּיסְסָא (= side), Syr. גֶּסָּא (= thigh, side).]

 

גִּעְגֽוּעַ m.n. NH quacking. [From געגע ᴵᴵ.]

 

גַּעְגּוּעִים m.n. pl. tantum PBH longing, yearning. [Prob. derived from געה (= he cried, wailed, wept).] Derivative: געגע ᴵ.

 

געגע ᴵ to long, to yearn.

    — Pi. - גִּעֽגַּע he longed for, yearned, wailed.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּעְגַּע (of s.m.).] [Denominated from גַּעְגּוּעִים.]

 

געגע ᴵᴵ to quack.

    — Pi. - גִּעְגַּע it quacked. [Of imitative origin. Perhaps enlarged from געה.] Derivative: גִּעְגּוּעַ.

 

געגע ᴵᴵᴵ to dig, make holes, roll in.

    — Pi. - גִּעְגַּע he rolled in, dug, made holes.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּעְגַּע (of s.m.). [From Aram. אִיתְגַּעְגַּע (= he rolled in).]

 

גַּעֲדָה m.n. NH germander (plant). [From Arab. ja‘ada.]

 

געה to moo, low, bleat, cry.

    — Qal - גָּעָה (= it mooed, lowed, bleated; he cried, wept, wailed).

    — Hith. - הִתֽגָּעָה it began mooing; he burst out crying. [cp. Ugar. געת (= noise), Aram. גְּעָא (= he shouted).] Derivatives: גְּעִי, גְּעִיָּה.

 

גִּעוּל ᴵ m.n. PBH loathing, abhorrence. [From גָּעַל; see געל ᴵ.]

 

גִּעוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH rinsing with boiling water, cleansing (vessels) with boiling water. [From געל ᴵᴵ.]

 

גָּעוּל adj. MH dirty, unclean. [Pass. part. of גָּעַל; see געל ᴵ.]

 

גָּעוּר adj. MH cursed. [Pass. part. of גָּעַר; see גער.]

 

גָּעוּשׁ adj. NH stormy, raging. [Pass. part. of גָּעַשׁ; see געש.]

 

גֶּעֶז m.n. FW Geez (the classical Ethiopian language). [From Ethiop. ga‘z (= lit.: ‘migration’; hence ‘emigrants’, ‘land of emigrants — Ethiopia’, whence ‘Ethiopian language’).]

 

גְּעִי m.n. MH 1 crying, wailing, weeping. NH 2 mooing, lowing, bleating. [Derived from געה.]

 

גְּעִיָּה f.n. MH 1 crying, wailing, weeping. NH 2 mooing, lowing, bleating. [Derived from געה.]

 

גַּעְיָה f.n. MH ‘metheg’ (in Heb. grammar — a sign denoting secondary stress). [From Aram. גַּעֽיָא (= mooing), hence prominent pronunciation of a syllable.]

 

גְּעִילָה f.n. PBH loathing, abhorring, abhorrence, detestation. [Verbal n. of גָּעַל; see געל ᴵ.]

 

גְּעִירָה f.n. NH rebuking, reproaching, scolding. [Verbal n. of גָּעַר; see גער.]

 

געל ᴵ to loathe, abhor, reject.

    — Qal - גָּעַל he loathed, abhorred, rejected.

    — Niph. - נָגְעַל was loathed, was abhorred, was rejected, was soiled.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַּעֵל PBH 1 it was soiled; NH 2 he felt disgust.

    — Hiph. - הִגְעִיל PBH 1 he soiled; NH 2 caused disgust, nauseated. [cp. Aram. איתגעל (= it was fouled, soiled. See גאל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: גִּעוּל ᴵ, גָּעוּל, גְּעִילָה, גֹּעַל, גַּעַל.

 

געל ᴵᴵ to rinse (vessels) in boiling water, to scald, purify, cleanse.

    — Hiph. - הִגְעִיל he scalded, rinsed (vessels) in boiling water.

    — Hoph. - הֻגֽעַל it was scalded, rinsed in boiling water, purified.

    — Niph. - נִגֽעַל PBH 1 was scalded, was rinsed, was purified; MH 2 was discharged, was vomited. [Of uncertain origin. Prob. related to גאל ᴵ.] Derivatives: גִּעוּל ᴵᴵ, הַגְעָלָה.

 

גֹּֽעַל m.n. disgust, loathing, nausea, revulsion. [From געל ᴵ.] Derivative: גָּעֳלִי.

 

גַּֽעַל m.n. MH disgust, abomination. [From געל ᴵ.]

 

גָּעֳלִי adj. NH disgusting, detestable, loathsome, abominable. [Formed from גֹעַל with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גָּעֳלִיּוּת.

 

גָּעֳלִיּוּת f.n. NH loathsomeness, disgust. [Formed from גָּעֳלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גער to rebuke, scold, reproach, curse.

    — Qal - גָּעַר 1 he rebuked, scolded, reproached; 2 he cursed.

    — Niph. - נִגְעַר was rebuked, was scolded.

    — Pi. - גִּעֵר he rebuked, scolded.

    — Pu. - גֻּעַר was rebuked, was scolded. [Ugar. gr (= to scold), Aram.–Syr. גער (= he scolded), Tigre ga‘ara (= he shouted), Arab. ja‘ara (= it mooed).] Derivatives: גַּעַר, גּֽעִירָה, גּֽעָרָה, גַּעֲרָן, גּֽעַרֽתָּן.

 

גַּֽעַר m.n. MH rebuke, reproach, scolding, reprimand. [From גער.]

 

גְּעָרָה f.n. rebuke, reproach, scolding, reprimand. [From גער.]

 

גַּעֲרָן adj. and m.n. NH scolder. [Formed from גער with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּעֲרָנִי.

 

גַּעֲרָנִי adj. NH scolding, reprimand. [Formed from גַּעֲרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גְּעַרְתָּן m.n. NH scolder. [Formed from גער with suff. ◌תָּן.]

 

געשׁ to shake, quake, quiver, to tremble, to rage, to storm; to moo.

    — Qal - גָּעַשׁ 1 it shook, quaked, quivered, trembled; PBH 2 it mooed.

    — Pu. - גַּעַשׁ was shaken.

    — Hith. - הִתְגָּעֵשׁ, הִתְגוֹעֵשׁ it shook, quaked, stormed, erupted.

    — Hiph. - הִגְעִישׁ caused to shake, caused to quake, caused to erupt. [cp. Akka. gešū (= to belch), Arab. jasa‘a (= he vomited, it vomited), Ethiop. gas‘a, Tigre gas‘a (= he belched). cp. also רעשׁ.] Derivatives: גּוֹעֵשׁ, גַּעַשׁ, גְּעָשָׁה, גַּעֲשָׁן.

 

גַּעַשׁ m.n. MH quaking, eruption. [From געשׁ.] Derivative: גַּעֲשִׁי.

 

גְּעָשָׁה f.n. MH quaking. [From געשׁ.]

 

גַּעֲשִׁי adj. NH volcanic. [Derived from גַּעַשׁ with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גַּעֲשִׁיּוּת.

 

גַּעֲשׁיּוּת f.n. NH volcanicity, volcanism. [Formed from גַּעֲשִׁי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּעֲשָׁן adj. & m.n. NH raging, furibund, rampageous, rampant. [Formed from געשׁ with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּעְשָׁנוּת.

 

גַּעֲשָׁנוּת f.n. NH rage, rampage. [Formed from גַּעֲשָׁן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּף m. & f.n. (pl. גַּפִּים, also גַּפַּיִם) 1 back. 2 body, person. PBH 3 wing (of a bird). PBH 4 (in pl. גַּפַּיִם) hands and feet (of a human), feet (of an animal). PBH 5 handle, rim (of a vessel). [Related to גַּב and to אֲגַף. For sense 1 cp. Arab. janif (= humpbacked), and Syr. גְּפִיפָא (= curved, convexed). For sense 2 cp. Heb. גּוּפָה, from גּוּף, and Arab. jifa (= corpse). גַּף in the sense of wing is borrowed from Aram. גַּפָּא (= wing); cp. Syr. גֶּפָא, and Akka. gappu (of s.m.).]

 

גָּפָה f.n. PBH fence, hedge, loose wall. [Probably derived from גָּף (= he closed, shut; it closed, shut); see גוף.]

 

גַּפָּה f.n. PBH 1 bank (of a river). NH 2 the upper part of a shoe. NH 3 wing (in the air force). [Related to גַּף and to גַּב.]

 

גִּפּוּף m.n. PBH hugging, caressing, embracing, closing up. [Verbal n. of גִּפֵּף; see גפף.]

 

גִּפּוּר m.n. NH vulcanization, sulphurization, fumigation. [Verbal n. of גִּפֵּר; see גפר.]

 

גָּפִיר m.n. NH ‘ghaffir’ — constable (in Palestine under British rule). [From Arab. ghafir (= watchman).]

 

גפל to accelerate, press, urge.

    — Pi. - גִּפֵּל he accelerated, pressed, urged.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגַפֵּל he pushed himself in. [cp. Arab. jafala (= he ran away), jaffala (= he scared somebody away).]

 

גֶּֽפֶן m.n. vine. [Aram. גּוּפֽנָא, Syr. גּוּפֽנֵי (pl.), Ugar. gpn, Arab. jafn (= vine), Mand. גוּפנא, Akka. gapnu, gupnu (= tree).] Derivative: גֻּפֽנָן.

 

גֻּפְנָן m.n. NH cordia, Assyrian plum, Sebesten’s plum. [From גֶּפֶן.]

 

גפס to plaster.

    — Pi. - גִּפֵּס he plastered.

    — Niph. - נָגְפַּס was plastered. [Back formation from גֶּפֶס, a variant of גֶּבֶס (q.v.).]

 

גַּפַָּס m.n. NH plasterer. [Derived from גפס according to the pattern פַּעָל. A collateral form of גַּבָּס.]

 

גִּפְסִיס m.n. PBH gypsum. [Gk. gypsos. See גֶּבֶס.]

 

גפף to embrace, caress, hug, cling.

    — Pi. - גִּפֵּף 1 he embraced, caressed, hugged, clung; 2 he encircled.

    — Pu. - גֻּפַּף 1 it was encircled, he was encircled; NH 2 he was embraced; NH 3 it was closed.

    — Nith. - הִתֽגַּפֵּף, נִתֽגַּפֵּף he was caressed, was embraced. [From Aram. גַּפֵּף (= he embraced), prob. derived from גַּפָּא (see גַּף).] Derivative: הִתְגַּפְּפוּת.

 

גֹּֽפֶר m.n. ‘gopher’ (a kind of wood of which Noah’s ark was made). [Of unknown origin. Perhaps related to Akka. giparu.]

 

גפר to sulphurize, to vulcanize.

    — Pi. - גִּפֵּר MH 1 he sulphurized; NH 2 he vulcanized, fumigated.

    — Pu. - גֻּפַּר PBH 1 it was sulphurized; NH 2 it was vulcanized.

    — Nith. - נִתְגַּפֵּר was sulphurized. [Derived from גָּפְרִית.]

 

גָּפְרָה f.n. NH sulphate. [Derived from גָּפְרִית.] Derivative: גָּפֽרָתִי.

 

גַּפְרוּר m.n. NH match. [Coined from גָּפְרִית under the semantic influence of Yiddish שׁוועבּעלע (= match), derived from שׁוועבּל (= sulphur), or of Ger. Schwefelhölzchen (= lucifer match) from Schwefel (= sulphur).] Derivative: גַּפְרוּרִית.

 

גַּפְרוּרִית f.n. NH small match. [Derived from גַּפְרוּר with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גָּפְרִי adj. NH sulphide. [Back formation of גָּפְרִית.]

 

גָּפְרִית f.n. sulphur. [cp. Aram. גּוּפְרֵיתָא, כַּבְרִיתָא, כּברי(תא), Syr. כֶּבְרִיתָא, Akka. kubrītu, kibrītu, Arab. kibrith (= sulphur). Prob. a loan word from some non-semitic language.] Derivatives: גפר, גָּפְרָה, גַּפְרוּר, גָּפֽרִי, גָּפְרִיתִי, גָּפְרִיתָנִי, גפרת.

 

גָּפְרִיתִי adj. MH 1 containing sulphur. NH 2 sulphuric, sulphurous. [Derived from גָּפְרִית with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גָּפְרִיתָנִי adj. NH sulphuric. [Derived from גָּפְרִית with adj. suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

גפרת to sulphurize. [Denominated from גָּפְרִית.]

 

גָּפְרָתִי adj. NH sulphatic. [Derived from גָּפְרָה with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גֶּֽפֶת f.n. PBH 1 olive waste, rape. NH 2 waste of honeycombs. [cp. Aram. גִּיפְתָא, Arab. jift (= olive waste, rape).]

 

גַּפְתָּן see גֵּיפְתָּן.

 

גַּפְתָּנוּת see גֵּיפְתָנוּת.

 

גֵּץ ᴵ m.n. PBH spark, flicker. [Of unknown origin.]

 

גֵּץ ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH mud. [cp. Syr. גֵּצָא (= gypsum, lime), Arab. jaṣṣ (= lime).]

 

גצץ to flash, to glitter.

    — Pi. - גִּצֵּץ it flashed, glittered. [Coined from נֵּץ ᴵ through reduplication of the צ.]

 

גֵּר m.n. 1 foreigner, stranger, temporary dweller, newcomer. PBH 2 proselyte, convert. [Related to גָּר, from גור (q.v.). cp. Arab. jara (= he went astray from), jawara (= he lived close by), Ugar. gr (= to dwell), Aram. גִּיּוֹרָא (= proselyte), Syr. גִּיּוֹרָא (= foreigner, temporary dweller, proselyte).] Derivative: גֵּרוּת.

 

גָּרָב ᴵ m.n. 1 itch, scab. NH 2 eczema. [cp. Aram. גַּרְבָא, Syr. גַּרְבָּא, Mand. גירבא, Akka. garābu, Tigre garbēb, Arab. jarab (= itch, scab).] Derivative: גָּרֶבֶת.

 

גָּרָב ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH large earthenware jug (for wine). [cp. Aram. גַּרֽבָּא or גְּרָבָא, Syr. גְּרָבָא (= earthenware jug), Arab. jirab (= leather bag).]

 

גֶּֽרֶב m.n. NH (dual pl. גַּרְבַּיִם) stocking, sock. [Borrowed from Arab. jawrab (= socks, stocking).] Derivatives: גרב, גרבב, גַּרְבּוֹן, גַּרְבִּית.

 

גרב to wear a stocking, to rob.

    — Qal - גָּרַב he put stockings on. [Back formation from גֶּרֶב.] Derivative: גָּרוּב.

 

גרבב to put stockings on.

    — Pi. - גִּרְבֵּב he put stockings on. [Derived from גֶּרֶב through reduplication of the third radical.]

 

גַּרְבּוֹן, גַּרְבִּיּוֹן m.n. NH panty hose. [Formed from גֶּרֶב with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן, resp. ◌יוֹן.]

 

גְּרָבִיטָצְיָה f.n. FW gravitation. [Eng. and Fren., from Modern L. gravitātiō, coined by Issac Newton (1642–1727) from L. gravitās (= weight).]

 

גַּרְבִּית f.n. NH hosetops. [Formed from גֶּרֶב with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גָּרֶֽבֶת f.n. NH scabies, eczema. [Formed from גָּרָב ᴵ according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

גִּרְגּוּר ᴵ m.n. MH 1 gargling, gurgling. NH 2 cleaning the throat. NH 3 prattle, nonesense, chatter. [Verbal n. of גִּרֽגֵּר; see גרגר ᴵ.]

 

גִּרְגּוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 picking berries. NH 2 drying berries. [Verbal n. of גִּרְגֵּר; see גרגר ᴵᴵ. cp. גִּרֽגִּיר.]

 

גַּרְגִּיר ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 berry. NH 2 grain. PBH 3 somewhat, a little. [A secondary form of גַּרְגֵּר (q.v.).] Derivatives: גַּרֽגִּירוֹן, גַּרְגִּירִי.

 

גַּרְגִּיר ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 Eruca sativa (plant). NH 2 cress. [cp. Aram.–Syr. גַּרֽגִּירָא (= cress), Akka. gingīru, Arab. jarjir (= water cress).]

 

גַּרְגִּירוֹן m.n. NH a small grain. [Formed from גַּרְגִּיר ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גַּרְגִּירִי adj. NH granular. [Formed from גַּרְגִּיר ᴵ with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּרֽגֵּר m.n. PBH 1 berry, grain. 2 somewhat, a little. [cp. Aram. גַּרְגְּרָא, Arab. jirgir (= berry, grain). See also גַּרְגִּיר.]

 

גרגר ᴵ to gargle.

    — Pi. - גִּרְגֵּר PBH 1 he gargled; MH 2 he cleaned his throat; NH 3 he grunted.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּרְגֵּר MH 1 he gargled; NH 2 he grunted. [Of imitative origin. cp. Arab. jarjara (= he gargled). Possibly related to גַּרְגֶּרֶת (= throat). See חרחד.] Derivatives: גִּרֽגּוּר ᴵ, גַּרְגְּרָן.

 

גרגר ᴵᴵ to pick berries; to dry berries.

    — Pi. - גִּרְגֵּר 1 he picked berries; 2 he dried berries.

    — Nith. - נִתֽגַּרְגֵּר it was scattered. [Denominated from גַּרֽגֵּר.]

 

גַּרְגְּרָן adj. & m.n. PBH glutton, gourmand, gormandizer, gobbler. [Formed from גרגר ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: גַּרְגְּרָנוּת, גַּרְגּֽרָנִי.

 

גַּרְגְּרָנוּת f.n. PBH gluttony, voracity. [Formed from גַּרְגְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּרְגְּרָנִי adj. NH voracious, gargling. [Formed from גַּרְגְּרָן with adj. suff. ◌ָנִי.]

 

גַּרְגֶּֽרֶת f.n. (in the Bible only in the pl. גַּרְגָּרוֹת) throat, windpipe, gullet, neck. [cp. Syr. גַּגַּרְתָא, Mand. גאנגאראתה, Akka. gangurity, gagguritu, Tigre gargarit, Arab. jarajir (= throat). Perhaps related to גָּרוֹן. See גרגר ᴵ

 

גרד ᴵ to scratch, scrape, scrabble.

    — Qal - גָּרַד he scratched, scrabbled, scraped.

    — Pi. - גֵּרֵד PBH 1 he scratched, scraped, erased; NH 2 he searched and found (colloq.).

    — Pu. - גֹּרַד was scratched.

    — Niph. - נִגְרַד was scratched.

    — Hith. - הִתְגָּרֵד he scratched himself. [cp. Phoen. מגרד (= flesh scraper), Aram.–Syr. גּֽרַד (= he scraped), Arab. jarada (= he peeled, stripped off bark, shaved hair).] Derivatives: גֶּרֶד ᴵ, גרדד, גָּרֶדֶת, גְּרֹדֶת, גָּרוּד ᴵ, גֵּרוּד, גּֽרוּדָה, גַּרֽדָן, גָּרוֹד, גְּרוּדָה, גְּרִידָה.

 

גרד ᴵᴵ to weave.

    — Qal - גָּרַד he wove. [Back formation from גַּרֽדִּי (q.v.).] Derivative: גֶּרֶד ᴵᴵ.

 

גרד ᴵᴵᴵ to be dry, to become dry.

    — Hiph. - הִגְרִיד it became dry. [Denominated from גָּרִיד.] Derivative: גָּרוּד ᴵᴵ.

 

גֶּֽרֶד ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 erasure. NH 2 itchy. [From גרד ᴵ (q.v.).]

 

גֶּֽרֶד ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH fringe, tassel. [From גרד ᴵᴵ (q.v.).]

 

גְּרֵדָא see גְּרֵידָא.

 

גרדד to scratch lightly. [Pil. of גרד ᴵ.] — גִּרֽדֵּד.] NH he scratched lightly.

 

גַּרְדּוֹם ᴵ, גַּרְדֹּם ᴵ, גַּרְדּוֹם m.n. PBH (pl. גַּרְדּוֹמִים, resp. גַּרְדֻּמִּים, גַּרְדּוֹנִים) gallows, scaffold. [From L. gradum, accusative of gradus (= stair, step).] Derivative: גַּרְדּוֹמִי.

 

גַּרְדּוֹם ᴵᴵ, גַּרְדֹּם ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 stump, block. NH 2 process (botany, horticulture). PBH 3 completely destitute. [Aram. גַּרְדּוּמָא (= stump), from גַּרְדֵּם (= he cut off, he chopped up, he blunted off), from גדם (q.v.).] Derivative: גרדם.

 

גִּרְדּוּם m.n. NH cutting (a stalk), beheading. [Verbal n. of גִּרְדֵּם; see גרדם.]

 

גַּרְדּוֹמִי adj. NH 1 of the gallows. 2 macabre. [Formed from גַּרְדּוֹם ᴵ with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַרְדִּי m.n. PBH weaver. [From Late Gk. gerdios (= weaver).] Derivative: גרד ᴵᴵ.

 

גרדם to cut off (a stalk), to behead.

    — Pi. - גִּרְדֵּם he cut off, he beheaded.

    — Pu. - גֻּרֽדַּם was cut off, was lopped. [Denominated from גַּרְדּוֹם ᴵᴵ. cp. Aram. אִיגַרֽדַּם (= was cut off).] Derivative: גִּרְדּוּם.

 

גַּרְדָן adj. & m.n. scratcher, itcher. (Formed from גרד ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּרְדָנִי.

 

גַּרְדָנִי adj. NH itchy, scratchy. [Formed from גַּרְדָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּרְדֶרוֹבָּה f.n. FW wardrobe, closet, vestry, cloakroom. [Fren. garderobe, compounded of garder (= to guard), and robe (= robe).]

 

גָּרֶֽדֶת f.n. NH scabies (disease). [Formed from גרד ᴵ according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

גְּרֹֽדֶת f.n. PBH chips (of wood), shavings, scraps, filings, sawdust. [Formed from גרד ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌ֶת. cp. נְסֹרֶת and נְעֹרֶת.]

 

גרה to excite, provoke, irritate, tease, incite, stir up.

    — Pi. - גֵּרָה 1 he excited; PBH 2 provoked, incited; NH 3 teased.

    — Pu. - גֹּרָה was excited, was provoked.

    — Hith. - הִתְגָּרָה he teased, he challenged. [Aram. גְּרָא, גָּרֵי (= he provoked, incited), Akka. garū (= to challenge).] Derivatives: גֵּרוּי, גָּרוּי, גָּרִי, גְּרִיָּה.

 

גֵּרָה ᴵ f.n. cud. [Sem. * girrat– (= cud), from * grr (see גרר ᴵᴵ), whence Arab. jirra (= cud).]

 

גֵּרָה ᴵᴵ f.n. 1 ‘gerah’ — an ancient coin, twentieth part of a ‘shekel’. PBH 2 grain of a carob. [Sense 2 is prob. the original one. cp. Akka. giru 1/24 part of šiqlu (unit of weight). cp. גַּרְגֵּר. cp. also אֲגוֹרָה.]

 

גֵּרָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. PBH torso. [Related to Akka. girru (= throat). Prob. related to Sem. * girān (= throat), whence גָּרוֹן (q.v.).]

 

גָּרוּב adj. NH wearing stockings. [Pass. part. of גָּרַב; see גרב.]

 

גְּרוָגֶֽרֶת f.n. PBH dried fig. [Prob. related to Arab. jarjar, jurjar (= very ripe olives). Perhaps related to גַּרְגֵּר (q.v.).]

 

גָּרוּד ᴵ adj. PBH scratched, scraped, scrabbled. [Pass. part. of גָּרַד; see גרד ᴵ.]

 

גָּרוּד ᴵᴵ adj. NH dry. [Pass. part. of גרד ᴵᴵᴵ.]

 

גֵּרוּד m.n. MH scratching, scraping. [Verbal n. of גֵּרֵד; see גרד ᴵ.]

 

גָּרוֹד m.n. NH shoe scraper. [From גרד ᴵ.]

 

גְּרוּדָה f.n. PBH sawdust, chips (of wood). [From גרד ᴵ.]

 

גָּרוּז adj. MH 1 cut, dissected. NH 2 carved, engraved. [Pass. part. of גרז.]

 

גֵּרוּז m.n. NH carving, etching, engraving. [Verbal n. of גרז.]

 

גְּרוּטָא see גְּרוּטָה.

 

גְּרוּטַאי m.n. NH junkman. [Formed from גְּרוּטָא with suff. ◌ַי.]

 

גְּרוּטָה, גְּרוּטָא, גְּרוּטִי m.n. (pl. גְּרוּטָאוֹת) PBH 1 junk, scrap-iron; NH 2 old stuff. [From Gk. gryte (= trunk, box; whence ‘old things, scrap’).] Derivatives: גְּרוּטַאי, גרט.

 

גְּרוֹטֶסְקָה f.n. FW grotesque. [Fren. grotesque, from It. pittura grottesca (= grotesque painting; orig. ‘painting found in a grotta’), from grotta (= crypt, cave), from L. crupta, crypta, from Gk. krypte (= a hidden vault).]

 

גֵּרוּי m.n. PBH 1 provocation, excitation. NH 2 tease, challenge. [Verbal n. of גֵּרָה (= he provoked; he teased); see גרה.]

 

גָּרוּי adj. NH excited, irritated, provoked. [Pass. part. of גֵּרָה; see גרה.]

 

גְּרֶוִילֵאָה f.n. FW grevillea — a genus of Australian plants. [Modern L., named after the botanist C.F. Greville (1749–1809.)]

 

גָּרוּם ᴵ adj. PBH bony, having protruded bones. [Pass. part. of גָּרַם; see גרם ᴵᴵ.]

 

גָּרוּם ᴵᴵ adj. PBH oversize. [Prob. from גֶּרֶם, hence identical with גָּרוּם ᴵ.]

 

גָּרוּם ᴵᴵᴵ adj. MH broken, crushed. [Pass. part. of גָּרַם; see גרם ᴵᴵ.]

 

גֵּרוּמִים m.n. pl. tantum PBH small addition to the measure (which the vendor is accustomed to give to the buyer). [According to Levy, from Gk. grammai (= lines; hence small additions).]

 

גֵּרוּן m.n. NH making a threshing floor. [Verbal n. of גרן ᴵ.]

 

גָּרוֹן m.n. 1 throat, gullet. 2 neck. [Aram. גָּרוֹנָא, Akka. girānu (= throat, neck), Arab. jiran (= upper part of the camel’s neck). See גַּרְגֶּרֶת.] Derivatives: גְּרוֹנִי, גרן ᴵᴵ.

 

גֶּרוֹנְטוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW gerontology. [Compounded of Gk. geronto–, from gerontos (= old man), and Gk. – logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

 

גָּרוֹס m.n. PBH (pl. גָּרוֹסוֹת) grist maker. [Aram. גָּרוֹסָא. From גָּרַס; see גרס ᴵ.]

 

גָּרוּס ᴵ adj. MH crushed, pounded. [Pass. part. of גָּרַס; see גרס ᴵ.]

 

גָּרוּס ᴵᴵ adj. MH learned. [Pass. part. of גָּרַס; see גרס ᴵᴵ.]

 

גְּרוֹס m.n. FW gross. [From Fren. la grosse (douzaine), ‘the great dozen’ (12 × 12), from gross, f. grosse (= big).]

 

גָּרֽוּעַ adj. PBH 1 bad, worse, inferior. 2 cut (beard), shortened. [Pass. part. of גָּרַע; see גרע.] Derivative: גּֽרִיעוּת.

 

גֵּרֽוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 shortage, deficit, reduction. 2 unripe fruit. [Verbal n. of גֵּרַע; see גרע.]

 

גֵּרוּף m.n. NH sweeping. [Verbal n. of גֵּרֵף; see גרף.]

 

גָּרוּף adj. PBH 1 swept. MH 2 cleaned. [Pass. part. of גָּרַף; see גרף.]

 

גְּרוֹפִית f.n. PBH shoot of an olive or sycamore. [From Gk. grophion (= shoot of olive used as a seedling), whence Syr. גורפא.]

 

גָּרוּר ᴵ adj. PBH 1 towed, dragged. NH 2 dependent, satellite. [Pass. part. of גָּרַר; see גרר.]

 

גָּרוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. NH trailer. [Subst. use of גָּרוּר ᴵ (q.v.).]

 

גָּרוּר ᴵᴵᴵ adj. NH grated, crushed, mashed. [Pass. part. of גָּרַר; see גרר ᴵᴵ.]

 

גֵּרוּר ᴵ m.n. NH dragging, towing. [Verbal n. of גֵּרַר, Pi. of גרר ᴵ.]

 

גֵּרוּר ᴵᴵ m.n. MH grain, crumb. [Verbal n. of גֵּרַר, Pi. of גרר ᴵᴵ.]

 

גְּרוּרָה f.n. NH metastasis (medicine). [Subst. use of גְּרוּרָה (adj.), f. of גָּרוּר ᴵ (q.v.).]

 

גֵּרוּשׁ m.n. PBH deportation, expulsion, eviction. [Verbal n. of גֵּרֵשׁ, Pi. of גרש.] Derivative: גֵּרוּשִׁים.

 

גְּרוּשׁ m.n. NH ‘grush’ (coin). [From Ger. Grosche, from Late L. grossus denarius (= a thick, bulky denarius). cp. Russian groš, Polish grosz, and Modern Arab. qursh, which are of the same origin.]

 

גָּרוּשׁ adj. & m.n. PBH 1 divorced man. MH 2 expelled, driven away. [Pass. part. of גָּרַשׁ; see גרש.]

 

גְּרוּשָׁה adj. & f.n. divorced woman. [f. pass. part. of גָּרַשׁ; see גרש.]

 

גֵּרוּשִׁים, גֵּרוּשִׁין m.n. pl. PBH 1 divorce. 2 expulsion. [pl. of גֵּרוּשׁ.]

 

גֵּרוּת f.n. 1 settlement of foreigners. PBH 2 proselytism, conversion to Judaism. PBH 3 state of foreign settlers. [Formed from גֵּר with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גרז to be cut off.

    — Qal - גָּרַז he cut off.

    — Niph. - נִגְרַז was cut off.

    — Pi. - גֵּרֵז he carved.

    — Pu. - גֹּרַז was carved. [cp. Arab. jaraza (= to cut), Tigrinya gäräzä (= he divided, circumcized), Tigre gärza (= portion, cut piece), Amharic gärräzä (= he cut). Perhaps a metathesis of גזר (q.v.); see also כרת.] Derivatives: גָּרוּז, גֵּרוּז, גֶּרֶז.

 

גֶּֽרֶז m.n. NH mortise (carpentry). [From גרז.]

 

גַּרְזֶן m.n. axe, hatchet. [cp. Egypt. grḏn, Ugar. ḥrṣn, Akka. ḥaṣṣinnu, Aram. חֲצִינָא, Arab. kurzan, kurzum, kyrzim (= axe). Perhaps related to גרז (= to cut).]

 

גרט to write off, discard (economy, accountancy).

    — Qal - גָּרַט he write off, discarded.

    — Niph. - נִגֽרַט was wirte off, was discarded. [Denominated from גּֽרוּטָא.] Derivative: גֶּרֶט.

 

גֶּֽרֶט m.n. NH discard, writing off (economy, accountancy). [Verbal n. of גרט.]

 

גְּרָטִיס adj. FW gratis, freely, for nothing. [L. gratis, contraction of grātūs (= out of favor, without reward, for nothing, gratuitously), ablative pl. of grātia (= favor, kindness).]

 

גָּרִי adj. NH irritable, irascible, excitable. [From גֵּרָה (= he excited); see גרה.] Derivative: גְּרִיּוּת.

 

גָּרִיגָה f.n. FW garigue (botany). [Fren. garigue, from garrie (= kermes oak). Prob. a local substrate word of non-IE language.]

 

גְּרֵיגוֹרְיָנִי adj. FW Gregorian, Gregoriac. [In לוּחַ גְּרֶגוֹרְיָנִי (= Gregoric calendar), from Modern L. Calendarium Gregorianum, after the name of the Pope Gregory XIII, who in March 1582 substituted the new reformed calendar for the ancient one.]

 

גָּרִיד m.n. PBH 1 dry season, rainless season. 2 arid land. [cp. Arab. jarida (= to be bare — said of soil or field). Perhaps a further development of גרד ᴵ (= to scratch).] Derivative: גרד ᴵᴵᴵ.

 

גְּרֵידָּא adv. PBH only, exclusively. [From Aram. adj. גְּרֵידָא (= lonely, solitary, single).]

 

גְּרִידָּה m.n. MH 1 scraping, scratching. MH 2 abrasion. NH 3 surgical abortion. [From גרד ᴵ.]

 

גְּרִיָּה f.n. NH 1 provocation, excitation. 2 causing irritation. [From גרה.]

 

גְּרִיּוּת f.n. NH irritability. [Formed from גָּרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גֶּרִילָה f.n. FW guerrilla. [Sp. guerrilla (= lit.: ‘little war’), dimin. of guerra (= war), from Old Ger. werra (= war).]

 

גְּרִימָה f.n. NH causing, causation. (Verbal n. of גָּרַם; see גרם ᴵ.]

 

גְּרִיסָה f.n. NH 1 coarse milling, crushing, pounding. 2 munching. 3 dish of groats. [Verbal n. of גָּרַס; see גרס ᴵ.]

 

גְּרִיסִים m.n. pl. PBH groats, grits. [pl. of גְּרִיס. From Aram. גְּרִיסָא, pass. part. of גְּרַם (= he crushed, pounded). See גרס ᴵ.]

 

גְּרִיעָה f.n. MH decrease, diminution. [Verbal n. of גָּרַע; see גרע.]

 

גְּרִיעוּת f.n. MH badness, worsening. [Formed from גָּרוּעַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גְּרִיפָה f.n. PBH 1 sweeping. MH 2 cleaning. [Verbal n. of גָּרַף; see גרף.]

 

גְּרִיץ m.n. PBH ‘hallah’ — Sabbath loaf. [From Aram. גְּרִיצְתָא (= a kind of bread).]

 

גֶּ׳רִיקָן m.n. FW jerrican. [Eng. jerrican, jerrycan, compounded of jerry (= German) and can (= container).]

 

גְּרִירָה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 dragging, towing. NH 2 being related (grammar). NH 3 metastasis (medicine). [Verbal n. of גָּרַר; see גרר ᴵ.]

 

גְּרִירָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH sawing. [Verbal n. of גָּרַר; see גרר ᴵᴵ.]

 

גרל to cast lots, raffle.

    — Hiph. - הִגְרִיל 1 he cast lots, raffled; 2 he won (in lottery).

    — Hoph. - הֻגְרַל was raffled. [Denominated from גּוֹרָל.]

 

גרם ᴵ to cause, bring about.

    — Qal - גָּרַם he caused, brought about.

    — Niph. - נִגְרַם was caused.

    — Hiph. - הִגֽרִים he caused, brought about.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְרַם was caused. [From Aram. גְּרַם (= he decided, determined, cut off). cp. Syr. גְּרַם (= he cut off, cut short, decided, determined), Arab. jarama (= he cut off fruit, sheared sheep).] Derivatives: גּוֹרֵם, גְּרִימָה, גְּרָם, גְּרָמָה.

 

גרם ᴵᴵ to break bones, gnaw.

    — Qal - גָּרַם he broke bones, gnawed.

    — Pi. - גֵּרַם 1 he gnawed; 2 he exhausted (a subject).

    — Pu. - גֹּרַם was gnawed. [Denominated from גֶּרֶם (= bone).] Derivatives: גָּרוּם ᴵᴵᴵ, הִתְגָּרְמוּת.

 

גרם ᴵᴵᴵ to let the knife slide outside the space prescribed for cutting (in ritual slaughtering).

    — Hiph. - הִגְרִים PBH 1 he let the knife slide (in ritual slaughtering); NH 2 he missed (the target).

    — Hoph. - הֻגְרַם was slaughtered by letting the knife slide outside the space prescribed for cutting (in ritual slaughtering). [Of unknown origin. Perhaps related to Aram.–Syr. גְּרַם (see גרם ᴵ).]

 

גֶּֽרֶם m.n. 1 bone. PBH 2 self. MH 3 (celestial) body. [Aram. גְּרַם, גַּרֽמָא. Syr. גַּרְמָא, Ugar. grm (= bone). Arab. jirm (= body). For sense 2 see גַּרְמָא. Sense 3 was prob. borrowed from Arab. jirm.] Derivatives: גרם ᴵᴵ, גַּרְמִי.

 

גְּרַם m.n. FW gram, gramme. [Fren. gramme, from Late L. gramma, from Gk. gramma (= that which is written; written character, letter; a small weight).]

 

◌גְרָם, ◌גְרַמָּה FW combining form denoting ‘something written’ (as in אֲנַגְרָם, דִּיאַגְרַמָּה, קַרְדְּיוֹגְרַמָּה). [Gk. – gramma, from gramma, from the stem of graphein (= to write). See ◌גְרָף.]

 

גְּרָם m.n. PBH cause. [See גרם ᴵ and cp. Aram. גּֽרָמָא.]

 

גְּרָמָא m.n. PBH cause. [Aram.]

 

גַּרְמָא m.n. PBH 1 bone. 2 self. [See גרם ᴵᴵ.]

 

◌גְּרַמָּה see ◌גְרָם.

 

גְּרָמָה f.n. NH cause. [A collateral form of גְּרָם (q.v.).]

 

גְּרַמּוֹפוֹן m.n. FW gramophone. [Originally a trademark used for a type of phonograph, coined by its inventor Emile Berliner (1852–1929) from Gk. gramma (= something written), and phone (= speech sound).]

 

גְּרַמָּטִיקָה f.n. FW grammar. (Russian grammatika, from Gk. grammatike, from grammatike techne (= grammar; orig. ‘the art of reading and writing letters’), from gramma, gen. grammatos (= letter; lit.: ‘that which is written’), from the stem of graphein (= to write).]

 

גַּרְמִי adj. NH bony, osteal, osseous. [Formed from גֶּרֶם with suff. ◌י.] Derivative: גַּרְמִיּוּת.

 

גַּרְמִיּוּת f.n. MH boniness. [Formed evidently from גַּרְמִי (= bony), a word which must have existed in MH although not attested by the lexicographers so far.]

 

גֹּֽרֶן f.n. (pl. גְּרָנוֹת) 1 threshing floor. 2 barn. 3 open space (used for meetings). PBH 4 threshing season. PBH 5 produce, fruit. [Aram. גּוּרְנָא (= stone-basin, trough), Ugar. grn, Ethiop. garn (= threshing floor), Arab. jurn (= stone-basin, trough, floor).] Derivative: גרן ᴵ.

 

גרן ᴵ to make a threshing floor; to gather.

    — Hiph. - הִגְרִין 1 he made a threshing floor; 2 he gathered. [Denominated from גֹּרֶן.]

 

גרן ᴵᴵ to laryngealize.

    — Pi. - גֵּרֵן he laryngealized.

    — Hiph. - הִגְרִין (of s.m.) [Denominated from גָּרוֹן.]

 

גְּרַנְדְּיוֹזִי adj. FW grandiose. [Fren., from It. grandioso, from grande (= great), from L. grande, accusative of grandis (= large, tall, fullgrown, great, powerful.]

 

גֶּרַנְיוּם, גֶּרַנְיוֹן m.n. FW geranium (a genus of plants). [L. geranion, geranium (= cranesbill), from Gk. geranion (of s.m.), from geranos (= crane); so called because the fruit resembles a cranebill. See גֵּרָנִית.]

 

גְּרָנִיט m.n. FW granite. [Through Russian or Ger. granit, from Fren. granite, from It. granito (= lit.: ‘grainy’), p. part. of granire (= to make grainy), from grano (= grain), from L. granum (= grain, seed, small kernel).]

 

גֵּרָנִית f.n. NH geranium. [A Hebraized form of the word גֵּרַנְיוֹן (q.v.).]

 

גרס ᴵ to crush, pound, ground, mill; to make grits.

    — Qal - גָּרַס he crushed, pounded, milled, made grits.

    — Niph. - נִגְרַס was crushed, was milled, was pounded.

    — Pi. - גֵּרֵס he crushed, pounded, milled.

    — Pu. - גֹּרַס NH 1 was crushed, was milled, was pounded; MH 2 (fig.) he longed for.

    — Hiph. - הִגְרִיס he crushed, crushed, broke.

    — Hoph. - הֻגֽרַס was crushed, was broken. [Aram. גּֽרַס, Syr. גְּרִיסָא (= crushed), Arab. jarasha (= he brayed, bruised). See גֶּרֶשׂ.] Derivatives: גָּרוֹס, גָּרוּס ᴵ, גְּרִיסָה, גְּרִיסִים, גַּרְסִי.

 

גרס ᴵᴵ to learn, to study, to read the meaning, to determine, to maintain.

    — Qal - גָּרַס MH 1 he learned, studied, read the meaning; MH 2 he determined; NH 3 he maintained, claimed. [From Aram. גְּרַס (= he spoke, he uttered), akin to Arab. jarasa (= he uttered).] Derivatives: גָּרוּס ᴵᴵ, גִּרֽסָה.

 

גִּרְסָא f.n. PBH [See גִּרְסָה.]

 

גִּרְסָה f.n. (pl. גִּרְסוֹת, also גִּרְסָאוֹת) 1 MH text, version. MH 2 study. NH 3 interpretation. [Borrowed from Aram. גִּרְסָא, from גרס (see גרס ᴵᴵ).]

 

גַּרְסִי f.n. PBH maker of grits. [Formed from גרס ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גרע to lessen, reduce, subtract, diminish, deduct; to trim (a beard), to shear.

    — Qal - גָּרַע 1 he lessened, subtracted, reduced; 2 he destroyed, consumed; 3 was lessened, was diminished.

    — Niph. - נִגֽרַע was lessened, was diminished.

    — Pi. - גֵּרַע he lessened, reduced, subtracted.

    — Nith. - נִתְגָּרֵע worsened, deteriorated.

    — Hiph. - הִגְרִיעַ MH 1 he deducted from, discounted; NH 2 worsened, deteriorated. [Aram. גְּרַע (= he shaved his head), Arab. jara‘a (= he swallowed).] Derivatives: גָּרוּעַ, גֵּרוּעַ, גְּרִיעָה, גָּרָע, גֶּרַע, גֵּרָעוֹן, הַגְרָעָה.

 

גָּרָע m.n. PBH bloodletter, cupper, barber. [From Aram. גְּרַע; see גרע.]

 

גֶּֽרַע m.n. NH deficit, shortage, want. [From גרע.]

 

גֵּרָעוֹן m.n. (pl. גֶּרֽעוֹנוֹת) PBH 1 shortage, want. NH 2 loss. MH 3 beneath one’s dignity. [Formed from גרע with suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גִּרְעוּן m.n. NH pitting, stoning (fruit). [Verbal n. of גִּרְעֵן; see גרען.]

 

גַּרְעִין m.n. PBH 1 stone, kernel. NH 2 nucleus, granule. NH 3 (fig.) essence, source. NH 4 group of founders. [According to J. Levy, from Gk. karoun (= nut).] Derivatives: גַּרֽעִינָה, גַּרְעִינוֹן, גַּרֽעִינִי, גַּרְעִינִית, גַּרֽעִינָן, גרען, גַּרְעֶנֶת.

 

גַּרְעִינָה f.n. PBH (pl. גַּרֽעִינִין, also גַּרְעִינוֹת) stone, kernel. [Either formed from גַּרֽעִין with suff. ◌ָה, or is a loan word from Aram.]

 

גַּרְעִינוֹן m.n. NH nucleolus. [Formed from גַּרְעִין with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גַּרְעִינִי adj. NH nuclear. [Formed from גַּרְעִין with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גַּרְעִינִית f.n. NH granite. [A Hebraized form of גְּרָנָיט (q.v.).]

 

גַּרְעִינָן m.n. NH nuclein. [Formed from גַּרְעִין with suff. ◌ָן.]

 

גרען to pit, to stone (fruit).

    — Pi. - גִּרֽעֵן he stoned (fruit), pitted.

    — Pu. - גֻּרְעַן was stoned, was pitted.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּרְעֵן nucleated. [Denominated from גַּרְעִין.] Derivative: גִּרְעוּן.

 

גַּרְעֶֽנֶת f.n. NH trachoma. [Formed from גַּרֽעִין according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

 

גרף to sweep, sweep away, clean, shovel; blow (the nose); collect.

    — Qal - גָּרַף 1 it swept away; PBH 2 he swept, cleaned; PBH 3 he blew (his nose); PBH 4 he collected, gathered, heaped.

    — Niph. - נִגֽרַף PBH 1 he was swept away, it was swept away; NH 2 it was collected, was heaped.

    — Pi. - גֵּרֵף 1 he cleaned; 2 he blew (his nose).

    — Pu. - גֹּרַף it was collected and removed. [Aram.–Syr. גְּרַף, Arab. jarafa (= he swept away, he shoveled).] Derivatives: גֶּרֶף, גּֽרָף ᴵ, גְּרֹפֶת.

 

גֶּֽרֶף m.n. NH erosion. [Verbal n. of גרף.]

 

גְּרָף ᴵ m.n. PBH nightpot, bedpan. [Verbal n. of גרף.]

 

גְּרָף ᴵᴵ m.n. FW graf (German title of nobility, equivalent to Fren. comte, and to Eng. earl). [From grave (= count), which orig. meaning seems to have been ‘judge’.]

 

גְּרָף ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. FW graph. [Abbr. of graphic formula. See ◌גְּרָף.]

 

◌גְּרָף FW –graph. [Fren. – graphe, from Gk. graphos, from graphein (= to scratch, engrave, draw, paint, write, inscribe). cp. גְּרָף ᴵᴵᴵ, ◌גְּרַפְיָה, גְּרָפוֹ◌, גְּרָפִי, גְּרָפִיט.]

 

גְּרָפוֹ◌ FW grapho– (combining form). [Gk. grapho–, from graphein (= to write). See ◌גְּרָף.]

 

גְּרָפוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW graphology. [Fren. graphologie, coined by Abbé Jean-Hippolyte Michon in 1868 from Gk. grapho- (see גְּרָפוֹ◌) and - logia (see ◌לוֹגֽיָה).]

 

גְּרָפוֹמָן m.n. FW graphomaniac. [From גְּרָפוֹמַנְיָה.]

 

גְּרָפוֹמַנְיָה f.n. FW graphomania. [Compounded of grapho– (see גְּרָפוֹ◌) and Gk. mania (= madness, frenzy).] Derivative: גּֽרָפוֹמָן.

 

גְּרָפִי adj. FW graphic. [l. graphicus, from Gk. graphikos (= pertaining to writing or drawing), from graphein (= to write). See ◌גּֽרָף.]

 

◌גְּרַפְיָה FW –graphia, –graphy (combining form). [Fren. or Ger. – graphie, from L. – graphia, from Gk. – graphia (= description of), from graphein (= to write).]

 

גְּרָפִיט m.n. FW graphite. [Ger. Graphit, coined by the German mineralogist A.G. Werner 1789 from Gk. graphein (= to write); so called by him because this mineral is used for making pencils. See ◌גּֽרָף.]

 

גְּרָפִיקָה f.n. FW graphics. [From Gk. graphike, from graphein (= to write). See ◌גּֽרָף.] Derivative: גְּרָפִיקַאי.

 

גְּרָפִיקַאי m.n. FW graphic artist. [Formed from גְּרָפִיקָה with suff. ◌ִאי.]

 

גְּרֹֽפֶת f.n. NH gravel, silt. [Formed from גָּרַף see גרף) with dimin. suff. ◌ֶת. cp. גְּרֹדֶת, נֽסֹרֶת, נֽעֹרֶת.]

 

גרר ᴵ to drag, tow, draw, pull along; to involve, bring about.

    — Qal - גָּרַר 1 he dragged, towed, drew, pulled along; PBH 2 he involved, it involved, brought about.

    — Niph. - נִגֽרַר was dragged.

    — Pi. - גֵּרַר he dragged.

    — Pu. - גֹּרַר was dragged.

    — Hith. - הִתְגָּרֵר he swept along. [Aram. גּֽרַר, Syr. גַּר (= he pulled, he dragged), Akka. gararu (= he ran), Arab. jarra (= he pulled, dragged).] Derivatives: גָּרוּר ᴵ, גָּרוּר ᴵᴵ, גֵּרוּר ᴵ, גְּרָר, גְּרָרָה, גּוֹרֵר, גּוֹרֶרֶת.

 

גרר ᴵᴵ to grate, to saw.

    — Qal - גָּרַר 1 he grated; PBH 2 he scratched.

    — Niph. - נִגְרַר PBH 1 it was sawn; NH 2 it was grated.

    — Pi. - גֵּרַר he grated, scratched.

    — Pu. - גֹּרַר it was cut was sawn, was chiselled.

    — Hith. - הִתֽגָּרֵר he rubbed himself, scratched himself. [Aram. גְּרַר (= he grated, he scratched). Related to גרר ᴵ.] Derivatives: גֵּרָה ᴵ, גֵּרוּר ᴵᴵ, גְּרִירָה ᴵᴵ.

 

גְּרָר m.n. NH drawing, dragging, trailing. [From Aram. גְּרָרָא, from גְּרַר, which is the Aram. corellate to Heb. גָּרַר; see גרר.]

 

גְּרָרָא m.n. PBH dragging in. [Aram. See גְּרָר.]

 

גְּרָרָה f.n. NH 1 sledge. 2 backsight (on a rifle). [Formed from גרר ᴵ with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גֶּרֶשׂ m.n. groats, grits. [Aram. גִּרֽשָׂא, גְּרִיסָא, Arab. jarasha (= he brayed, bruised), jarasha (= wheat coarsely ground). See גְּרִיסִים. cp. גֶּרֶשׁ.]

 

גרשׁ to drive away, drive out, expel, deport; to divorce.

    — Qal - גָּרַשׁ 1 he drove away, sent away; 2 it produced, yielded.

    — Niph. - נִגֽרַשׁ 1 was driven away, was expelled; 2 it raged, was stormy.

    — Pi. - גֵּרֵשׁ 1 he drove away, drove out, expelled; PBH 2 he divorced.

    — Pu. - גֹּרַשׁ 1 was driven away, was driven out; PBH 2 was divorced.

    — Hith. - הִתְגָּרֵשׁ was divorced. [Related to Ugar. grš (= to drive away), Aram. גְּרַשׁ (= he drove away).] Derivatives: גֵּרוּשׁ, גָּרוּשׁ, גּֽרוּשָׁה.

 

גֶֽרֶשׁ m.n. produce, fruit. [Possibly from גרשׁ or is a secondary form of גֶּרֶשׂ.]

 

גֵּרֵשׁ m.n. (dual גֵּרְשַׁיִם) ‘geresh’ 1 a Biblical diacritic sign, resembling an apostrophe (◌׳). 2 an abbreviation sign; e.g. ר׳ (for רַבִּי). Derivative: גֵּרְשַׁיִם.

 

גֵּרְשַֽׁיִם m.n. (dual) ‘gershayim’ 1 a Biblical diacritic sign (◌״). 2 quotation marks (״—״). 3 initials sign; e.g. ר״ח (for רֹאשׁ חֹדֶשׁ). [From גֵּרֵשׁ.]

 

גִּשְׁגּוּשׁ m.n. NH tinkle, rattle, rustle. [Verbal n. of גשׁגשׁ (q.v.).]

 

גשׁגשׁ to tinkle, to rattle, to rustle.

    — Pi. - גִּשֽׁגֵּשׁ it tinkled, rattled, rustled.

    — Nith. - נִתְגַּשֽׁגֵּשׁ was tinkled, was rattled, was rustled. [Of imitative origin, akin to קשׁקשׁ.] Derivative: גִּשְׁגּוּשׁ.

 

גָּשׁוּם ᴵ adj. PBH rainy. [Pass. part. of גָּשַׁם; see גשם ᴵ.]

 

גָּשׁוּם ᴵᴵ adj. NH coarse, crude, clumsy. [Pass. part. of גָּשַׁם; see גשם ᴵᴵ.]

 

גִּשּׁוּם m.n. NH realization, materialization, embodiment, implementation, fulfilment. [Verbal n. of גִּשֵּׁם, Pi. of גשם ᴵᴵ.]

 

גִּשּׁוּר m.n. NH 1 bridgework. 2 bridging. [Verbal n. of גִּשֵּׁר, Pi. of גשר.]

 

גִּשּׁוּשׁ m.n. NH 1 feeling, groping. 2 scouting, exploration, reconnoitering. [Verbal n. of גִּשֵּׁשׁ, Pi. of גשש.]

 

גָּשׁוֹש m.n. (pl. גָּשׁוֹשִים, also גָּשׁוֹשׁוֹת) PBH 1 plummet. NH 2 sounding pole, sounder, calipers. NH 3 wiper, brush. [From גשש.]

 

גִּשּׁוּת f.n. NH syphoning. [From גִּשְׁתָּה. Formally verbal n. of גִּשֵּׁת, Pi. of גשת.]

 

גָּשִׁיר adj. NH bridgeable. [Formed from גָּשַׁר (see גשר) according to pattern פָּעָיל which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

 

גְּשִׁירָה f.n. NH bridging, bridge building. [Verbal n. of גָּשַׁר; see גשר.]

 

גָּשִׁישׁ m.n. PBH 1 surgical splint. 2 crosspiece.

 

גְּשִׁישָׁה f.n. MH 1 tangible reality, reality. NH 2 feeling, groping. [Formed from גָּשַׁשׁ (see גשש) with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גֶּֽשֶׁם ᴵ m.n. rain. [Ugar. gšm (= rainfall), Arab. sajama (metathesis) (= flowed).] Derivatives: גשם ᴵ, גִּשְׁמָה, גִּשְׁמוֹן.

 

גֶּשֶׁם ᴵᴵ m.n. MH substance, matter. [Aram. גְּשֵׁם (= body of a person), Arab. jism (= solid substance).] Derivatives: גַּשְׁמוּת, גַּשְׁמִי, גַּשְׁמָן.

 

גשם ᴵ to rain, to cause rain.

    — Qal - גָּשַׁם it rained, he caused rain.

    — Hiph. - הִגְשִׁים he caused rain.

    — Pu. - גֻּשַּׁם it was rained upon.

    — Hoph. - הֻגֽשַׁם (of s.m.). [Denominated from גֶּשֶׁם ᴵ.] Derivative: גָּשׁוּם ᴵ.

 

גשם ᴵᴵ to carry out, to execute; to realize, to materialize, embody.

    — Niph. - נִגְשַׁם 1 was realized, was embodied; 2 was carried out.

    — Pi. - גִּשֵּׁם 1 he carried out, executed; 2 he materialized, realized.

    — Pu. - גֻּשַּׁם 1 it was realized, was carried out; 2 he became clumsy.

    — Nith. - נִתְגַּשֵּׁם MH 1 he materialized, it materialized; NH 2 it was carried out, was realized; NH 3 he became coarse, clumsy.

    — Hiph. - הִגֽשִׁים NH 1 he carried out, realized; MH 2 he gave a concrete form, he embodied.

    — Hoph. - הֻגְשַׁם NH 1 it was carried out, was implemented; MH 2 he was given a concrete form, was embodied. [Denominated from גֶּשֶׁם ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: גָּשׁוּם ᴵᴵ, גִּשּׁוּם.

 

גִּשְׁמָה f.n. NH water-spout, gutter (for rain water). [Formed from גֶּשֶׁם ᴵ with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גִּשְׁמוֹן m.n. NH light rain. [Formed from גֶּשֶׁם ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גַּשְׁמוּת f.n. MH 1 corporeality, corporeity, worldliness. NH 2 body, substance, material. [Formed from גֶּשֶׁם ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּשְׁמִי adj. MH physical, corporeal, bodily, worldly. [Formed from גֶּשֶׁם ᴵᴵ with adj. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: גַּשְׁמִיּוּת.

 

גַּשְׁמִיּוּת f.n. MH materialism, corporeality. [Formed from גַּשְׁמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גַּשְׁמָן m.n. NH materialist. [Formed from גֶּשֶׁם ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: גַּשְׁמָנוּת.

 

גַּשְׁמָנוּת f.n. NH materialism. [Formed from גַּשֽׁמָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גֻּשְׁפַּנְקָה f.n. PBH 1 seal, cachet. NH 2 approval, authorization. [From Aram. גּוּשְׁפַּנְקָא, from Old Pers. anguštapāna, from Pahlavi angustbān (= finger-guard, finger stall).]

 

גֶּֽשֶׁר m.n. PBH bridge. [Aram. גִּישֽׁרָא, Syr. גֶּשְׁרָא, Akka. gišru, Arab. jisr (= bridge).] Derivatives: גשר, גִּשְׁרָה, גִּשְׁרוֹן, גַּשְׁרִיר, גִּשְׁרִית.

 

גשר to bridge, to build a bridge, to connect.

    — Qal - גָּשַׁר he built a bridge.

    — Pi. - גִּשֵּׁר he bridged, built a bridge.

    — Pu. - גֻּשַּׁר was bridged.

    — Niph. - נִגְשַׁר it was bridged.

    — Hith. - הִתְגַּשֵּׁר it was connected by a bridge.

    — Hiph. - הִגְשִׁיר he built a bridge over (or between). [Denominated from גֶּשֶׁר.] Derivatives: גִּשּׁוּר, גָּשִׁיר, גְּשִׁירָה, גַּשָּׁר.

 

גַּשָּׁר m.n. PBH 1 bridge guard. NH 2 bridge builder. [Formed from גשר according the pattern פַּעָל.]

 

גִּשְׁרָה f.n. NH bridge (of ship). [Formed from גֶּשֶׁר with suff. ◌ָה.]

 

גִּשְׁרוֹן m.n. NH small bridge, culvert, viaduct. [Formed from גֶּשֶׁר with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

 

גַּשְׁרִיר m.n. NH ponticulus (anatomy). [Formed from גֶּשֶׁר with suff. ◌ִיר.]

 

גִּשְׁרִית f.n. NH bridge (of violin). [Formed from גֶּשֶׁר with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

 

גשש to feel, to touch, to grope; to touch the bottom of the sea, to ground; to scout.

    — Qal - גָּשַׁשׁ PBH 1 it[[illegible]] touched (the bottom of the sea); NH 2 he groped.

    — Pi. - גִּשֵּׁשׁ he groped, he scouted.

    — Pu. - גֻּשַּׁשׁ was touched, was groped, was scouted.

    — Niph. - נִגְשַׁשׁ it touched, was touched.

    — Hithpol. - הִתְגַּשֵּׁשׁ, הִתֽגּוֹשֵׁשׁׁ he wrestled. [Aram. גְּשַׁשׁ, Arab. ssa[[illegible]] (= he touched).] Derivatives: גִּשּׁוּשׁ, גָּשׁוֹשׁ, גְּשִׁישָׁה, גַּשָּׁשׁ.

 

גַּשָּׁשׁ m.n. NH 1 tracker. 2 scout, reconnoiterer (military). [Formed from גשש according to pattern פַּעָל.] Derivative: גַּשָּׁשׁוּת.

 

גַּשָּׁשׁוּת f.n. NH tracking, scouting, reconnaissance (military). [Formed from גַּשָּׁשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

 

גִּשְׁתָּה f.n. NH syphon. [From Aram. גִּישְׁתָּא. Of uncertain etymology.]

 

גַּת f.n. (pl. גִּתּוֹת, also גִּתִּים) 1 wine-pit, wine-press. PBH 2 period of the grape pressing. NH 3 vat. PBH 4 pit, cistern. NH 5 sinus (anatony). [Ugar. gt (= wine-press). This word (originally * gint–) is prob. derived from Sem. root * wgn; hence Arab. wajana (= he beated a hide), wajan (= tanner).] Derivative: גִּתִּי.

 

גִּתִּי adj. PBH wine treader. [Formed from גַּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

 

גִּתִּית f.n. ‘gittit’ (name of a musical instrument mentioned in the Bible). [Of unknown origin; perhaps after the name of the town גַּת.]