פ The seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The name of the letter ‘Pe’ is prob. derived from פֶּה (= mouth), and so called in allusion to the ancient form of this letter. It has a final form ף. In PBH פ has the numerical value of eighty and ף has the numerical value of eight hundred. פ alternates with ב and מ (see introductory entries to these letters). In Arab. it alternates also with th (see e.g. bases חנף and עשׁן, and cp. Russian Fedor and Foma, which derive from Gk. Theodoros and Thomas).

פֵּא, פֵּה f.n. PBH (pl. פֵּאִין, also פֵּפִין, פִּיפִין) the letter ‘Pe’ of the Heb. alphabet. [See פּ.]

פֹּא adv. here. [Another spelling for פֹּה.]

פאה to cleave.
    — Hiph. - הִפְאָה he cleft into pieces (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:36 in the suffixed form אַפְאֵיהֶם). Prob. derivative: פֵּאָה. [Arab. fa’a, fa’ā(y) (= he cleft), OSArab. פאו (= to cleave, split).]

פֵּאָה m.n. 1 edge, end, extremity. 2 corner. 3 side. 4 side curl, sidelock. PBH 5 ‘pe’ah’ — the portion of the harvest at the corner of the field left for the poor. PBH 6 ‘Pe’ah’ — name of tractate in the Mishnah, Tosephta and Talmud Yerushalmi. NH 7 side face (geometry). [Related to Aram. פָּאתָא, Syr. פַּאְתָא (= edge, corner, side), Ugar. pt (= edge, frontier), perhaps also to Akka. pātu, pāṭu (= frontier, edge), pūtu (= forehead, temple), Arab. fi‘a (= troop, band; properly ‘edge, end’). All these words prob. meant originally ‘part cut off’, and derive from base פאה.] Derivatives: פֵּאוֹן, פֵּאִי.

פֵאוֹדָל, פֵאוֹדָלִיזְם see פֵיאוֹדָל, פֵיאוֹדָלִיזֽם.

פֵּאוֹן m.n. NH polyhedron. [Formed from פֵּאָה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

פָאוּנָה f.n. FW fauna. [Modern L. fauna, from L. Fauna (= goddess of fertility in Roman mythology, sister of Faunus). These names are of uncertain origin.]

פֵּאוּר m.n. MH glorification, adornment, beautification. [Verbal n. of פֵּאֵר, Pi. of פאר.]

פֵּאִי adj. NH having face, -hedron (geometry). [Formed from פֵּאָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פאר ᴵ to adorn, beautify, glorify.
    — Pi. - פֵּאֵר he adorned, beautified, glorified; PBH 2 he praised.
    — Pu. - פֹּאַר was adorned, was beautified, was glorified.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּאֵר 1 he glorified himself, boasted; 2 was glorified; 3 he showed his glory.
    — Niph. - נִפֽאַר was adorned, was beautified, was glorified.
    — Hiph. - הִפְאִיר 1 he adorned, beautified, glorified; 2 he praised. [According to some scholars related to Arab. faḫara (= he gloried, boasted, bragged). Other scholars connect this base with Syr. נְפַר, Ethiop. nafara (= it boiled). cp. פָּארוּר and see פאר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פְּאֵר ᴵ, פֵּאוּר, הִתֽפָּאֲרוּת, מְפֹאָר, תַּפְאוּרָה, תִּפְאָרָה, תִּפְאֶרֶת. cp. פָּארוּר.

פאר ᴵᴵ to glean.
    — Pi. - פֵּאֵר he went over the boughs, gleaned (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 24:20).] [Denominated from פֻּארָה (= branch, bough).]

פְּאֵר ᴵ m.n. MH glory. [From פאר ᴵ. cp. פְּאֵר ᴵᴵ.]

פְּאֵר ᴵᴵ m.n. headdress, diadem, turban. [Of uncertain origin. It meant perhaps orig. ‘ornament’, and is identical with פְּאֵר ᴵ, or is a metathesized form of אֲפֵר (= bandanna).]

פֹּארָה f.n. bough. [For פּֽאֹרָה. Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars it is related to Arab. far‘ (= bough). cp. פֻּארָה.]

פֻּארָה f.n. boughs (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 10:33). [For פְּאֻרָה, related to פֹּארָה.]

פָּארוּר m.n. (prob. meaning) glow, redness or blackness. In the Bible occurring only in the phrase כָּל־פָּנִים קִבְּצוּ פָארוּר (Joel 2:6) and פְּנֵי כֻלָּם קִבְּצוּ פָארוּר (Nah. 2:11), usually translated ‘all faces have gathered redness (or blackness)’, respectively ‘the faces of them all have gathered redness (or blackness)’. [Of uncertain origin. The Septuagint, the Targum and the Peshiṭta identify it with פָּרוּר (= pot), according to them פָּארוּר means ‘pot’, whence blackness of a pot, blackness like that of a pot. To other scholars, who also connect פָּארוּר with פָּרוּר, both words prob. mean ‘seether, boiler’; they compare them with Arab. ’afara (= was boiling); ’ afurrat-ul-ḥarr (= intense heat), Syr. נְפַר, Ethiop. nafara (= was boiling). According to most scholars פָּארוּר stands for פַּאֲרוּר and is formed from פאר ᴵ through reduplication of the third radical.]

פַבּוּלָה f.n. FW plot in a story. [L. fābula (= narrative, account, tale, story), lit. ‘that which is told’; related to fārī (= to speak, tell, foretell), fāma (= talk, report, rumor, saying, tradition, reputation), fācundus (= eloquent), fatērī (= to confess), from IE base bhā– (= to speak). See ‘fame’ in my CEDEL and cp. בָּנָלִי, פָטָלִי and the second element in פּרוֹפֶסּוֹר. cp. also פוֹנֶטִיקָה.]

פֶבְּרוּאָר m.n. FW February. [L. Februārius (= the month of purification), from februāre (= to purify, expiate), from februum (= means of purification), which is of uncertain origin. For the ending of L. Februārius see first suff. ‘–ary’ in my CEDEL.]

פִבְּרוּק m.n. PBH fabrication. [Verbal n. of פִבְּרֵק. See פברק.]

פַבְּרִיקַצְיָה f.n. FW fabrication. [L. fabricātiō (= a framing), from fabricātus, p. part. of fabricārī (= to frame, construct, build), from fabrica (= workshop of an artisan, building, fabric), from faber (= workman, artisan, artificer, forger, smith), from base * fabh-, corresponding to IE base * dhabh- (= to become or be suitable). [For the ending of L. fabricātiō see suff. ‘–ion’ in my CEDEL. cp. פברק.]

פברק to fabricate.
    — Pi. - פִבְּרֵק he fabricated.
    — Pu. - פֻבְּרַק was fabricated. [Formed from L. fabricātiō. See פַבְּרִיקַצֽיָה.] Derivatives: פִבּֽרוּק, מְפֻבְּרָק.

פַּג m.n. 1 early fig (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 2:13 in the suffixed form פַּגֶּיהָ). NH 2 premature infant. [Related to Syr. פַּגָּא (= unripe fig), Aram. פַּגָּא (= unripe grape), Arab. fijj (= unripe fruit). VL fīcus (= fig tree), whence L. fīca (= fig), whence Fren. figue, whence Eng. fig etc. is prob. a Heb. loan word. cp. פִיקוּס.] Derivative: פַּגָּה.

פָּג v. see פּוג.

פַּגָּה f.n. PBH 1 undeveloped fig, grape, etc. 2 young girl. [See פַּג.]

פָּגוֹדָה f.n. FW pagoda. [Portuguese pagoda, from Tamil pagavadi (properly: ‘house belonging to a deity’), from Old I. bhághavatī (= blessed, adorable, sublime, divine), from Bhágaḥ (= a god of wealth). See ‘Bhaga’ in my CEDEL.]

פָּגוֹז m.n. MH projectile. [From Aram. פָּגוֹזָא, corresponding to MH פָּגוֹשׁ (= projectile, catapult). See פָּגוּשׁ ᴵ and cp. פָּגָז.]

פָגוֹט m.n. FW bassoon. [From It. fagotto (= bassoon), properly ‘bundle’, which prob. derives from VL facus, a back formation from Gk. phakelos (=bundle), a word of uncertain origin, whose ending was mistaken for the L. dim. suff. -ellus.]

פִּגּוּל m.n. a foul thing, refuse (used esp. in the sense of an abominated or rejected sacrifice. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to Arab. fajala, fajula (= was thick and flaccid). Aram. פִּגּוּלָא (= abominated sacrifice) is prob. a Heb. loan word.] Derivative: פגל.

פָּגוּם adj. PBH 1 notched (said esp. of a blade). 2 blemished. 3 defective, faulty, inferior. [Pass. part. of פָּגַם. See פגם.]

פִּגּוּם m.n. PBH 1 semicircular turret. NH 2 scaffolding. [From Gk. pegma (= anything fastened together, framework, scaffold), which derives from IE base * pāƙ–, *pāĝ– (= to join together, make firm, fasten, fix). See פָּצִיפִיסְט and cp. words there referred to.]

פָּגֽוּעַ adj. MH 1 met by somebody. NH 2 hit, stricken, mentally deficient. [Pass. part. of פָּגַע. See פגע.]

פִּגּוּר m.n. NH 1 backwardness, regression. 2 delay, lagging behind, retardation. [Verbal n. of פִּגֵּר, Pi. of פגר ᴵ.]

פָּגוֹשׁ ᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. פָּגוֹשׁוֹת) projectile. [Related to Aram. פְּגוֹשָׁא, פְּגוֹזָא, Syr. בָּגָשָׁא (= projectile). Of uncertain origin. cp. פָּגוֹז, פָּגָז.]

פָּגוֹשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH bumper. [From פגשׁ.]

פָּגָז m.n. NH cannon shell. [From Aram. פָּגוֹזָא. See פָּגוֹז.] Derivative: פגז.

פגז to shell, bombard.
    — Hiph. - הִפְגִּיז he shelled, bombarded.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְגַּז was shelled, was bombarded. [Denominated from פָּגָז.] Derivatives: הַפְגָּזָה, מֻפְגָּז.

פִּגְיוֹן, פּוּגְיוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. פִּגְיוֹנוֹת) , dagger. [From L. pugiō (= dagger), which is related to pīgnus (= fist), whence pūgnāre (= to fight), whence pūgna (= fight), from IE base * peug– (= to stab). cp. ‘pugnacious’ in my CEDEL.]

פָּגִים m.n. PBH see פִּגּוּם (of s.m.).

פְּגִימָה f.n. PBH 1 notch, defect. PBH 2 waning of the moon. NH 3 causing defect. [Verbal n. of פָּגַם. See פגם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּגִימוּת f.n. NH defectiveness. [Formed from פָּגוּם with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּגִינָה f.n. MH outcry. [From פגן; properly verbal n. of the otherwise not used Qal. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּגִינַצְיָה f.n. FW pagination. [From L. pāgina (= strips of papyrus fastened together, page, leaf, slab) from IE base * pāĝ–, * pāk̑– (= to join together), whence also L. pangere (= to join, make firm), pāx (= peace). See פָּצִיפִיזְם and cp. words there referred to.]

פָּגִֽיעַ adj. NH vulnerable. [Coined from פָּגַע (= he wounded), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability and fitness.] Derivative: פְּגִיעוּת.

פְּגִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 meeting, encounter, contact. PBH 2 prayer, entreaty. NH 3 harm, injury, damage. [Verbal n. of פָּגַע. See פגע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּגִיעוּת f.n. NH vulnerability. [Formed from פָּגִיעַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּגִירָה f.n. MH 1 death of an animal. NH 2 death of a wicked person. NH 3 corpse, carcass. [Verbal n. of פָּגַר. See פגר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּגִישָׁה f.n. MH 1 meeting. NH 2 gathering. MH 3 reception. [Verbal n. of פָּגַשׁ. See פגשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פגל to foul, spoil, render unclean.
    — Pi. - פִּגֵּל he made a sacrifice rejectable; 2 MH he rendered unclean, spoiled; 3 MH he despised.
    — Pu. - פֻּגַּל PBH 1 was made rejectable (said of a sacrifice); NH 2 was rendered unclean, was spoiled.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּגֵּל PBH 1 was made rejectable (said of a sacrifice); NH 2 was rendered unclean, was spoiled; NH 3 he defiled himself. [Denominated from פִּגּוּל. cp. Aram. פַּגֵּל (= he made a sacrifice rejectable), which is also denominated from פִּגּוּלָא.] Derivative: מְפֻגָּל.

פְּגַלְגּוֹל m.n. PBH a small radish. [Dimin. formed from פֻּגְלָה through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

פֻּגְלָה f.n. PBH radish. [From Aram. פּוּגְלָא (= Syr. פּוּגְלָא and פַּגְלָא), which is related to Akka. puglu, Arab. fujl (of s.m.). cp. פְּלַלְגּוּלָה.]

פגם to spoil, render defective.
    — Qal - פָּגַם 1 he mutilated; 2 he spoiled, rendered defective; 3 he reduced the amount of a bill, decreased.
    — Niph. - נִפְגַּם was spoiled, was impaired, was rendered defective.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּגֵּם (of s.m.). [Prob. related to Arab. fajama (= he broke a bit off).] Derivatives: פְּגָם, פָּגוּם, פְּגִימָה, הִפָּגְמוּת.

פְּגָם m.n. PBH 1 defect, fault, blemish; 2 damages for blemish. [From פּגם.]

פגן to cry out, to shout.
    — Hiph. - הִפְגִּין PBH 1 he cried; NH 2 he made a demonstration; NH 3 he demonstrated, exhibited.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְגַּן was demonstrated, was exhibited. [From Aram. פְּגַן, also בְּגַן (= he shouted, cried out), which is related to Syr. בְּגַן (= he cried), בַגֵּן (= he cried, called for help).] Derivatives: הֶפְגֵּן, הַפְגָּנָה, מַפְגִּין, מֻפְגָּן, מִפְגָּן.

פָּגָן m.n. PBH 1 villager, peasant; NH 2 heathen, pagan. [From Late L. pāgānus (= countryman, villager, civilian). The early Christians called the heathens ‘civilians’ in contradistinction to the ‘soldiers’ of Christianity. Late L. pāgānus derives from L. pāgus (= district, province, village), properly ‘something joined together, something united’, from IE base * pāĝ–, * pāk̑– (= to join together), whence also L. pangere (= to join, make firm), pāx (= peace). See פָּצִיפִיזְם and cp. words there referred to. cp. also Fren. païen (= pagan), which also derives from Late L. pāgānus.] Derivatives: פָּגָנִי, פָּגָנִיּוּת.

פָּגָנִי adj. FW pagan, heathen. [Formed from פָּגָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּגָנִיּוּת f.n. NH paganism. [Formed from פָּגָן with suff. ◌ִיוּת.]

פגע to meet, encounter, come across, to entreat, beseech.
    — Qal - פָּגַע 1 he met, encountered, came across; 2 he arrived at a place; 3 he attacked, assaulted; 4 he entreated, begged, pleaded, insisted; NH 5 he insulted.
    — Niph. - נִפְגַּע PBH 1 he was hit, was hurt, was harmed; 2 he was insulted; NH 3 he was met.
    — Hiph. - הִפְגִּיעַ 1 he caused to light upon; 2 he caused somebody to entreat; 3 he entreated, interceded, interposed, insisted. [Aram.–Syr. פְּגַע (= he met, arrived at a place, he chanced; he attacked, opposed), Arab. faja‘a (= he lighted upon, came suddenly, took by surprise, attacked, assailed). Prob. related to פגשׁ.] Derivatives: פֶּגַע, פַּגְעָן, פָּגוּעַ, פָּגִיעַ, פְּגִיעָה, הַפְגָּעָה, הִפָּגְעוּת, מַפְגִּיעַ ᴵ, מִפְגָּע, מֻפֽגָּע, prob. also מַפְגִּיעַ ᴵᴵ.

פֶּֽגַע m.n. occurrence, chance, esp. evil occurrence. [From פגע.]

פָּגָע m.n. PBH a kind of plum. [Of unknown etymology.]

פַּגְעָן m.n. NH a harmful person, troublemaker. [Formed from פגע with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פגר ᴵ to be backward, lag behind.
    — Pi. - פִּגֵּר 1 was faint, was tired (in the Bible occurring only Sam. I 30:10 and 21). [Aram. פְּגַר, פַּגֵּר (= was inactive; he broke up, destroyed), Syr. פְּגַר (= was powerless, was weak, was flaccid), Arab. fajara (= was loose). Base of פֶּגֶר.] Derivatives: פִּגָּרוֹן, פַּגְרָן, פִּגּוּר. cp. פַּגְרָא, פַּגְרָה.

פגר ᴵᴵ to die (said of an animal);
    — Qal - פָּגַר it died (said of an animal).
    — Pi. - פִּגֵּר 1 he destroyed, killed; 2 it died.
    — Pu. - פֻּגַּר was destroyed, was killed.
    — Niph. - נִפְגַּר it died.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּגֵּר 1 it died; 2 he became like a corpse. [Denominated from פֶּגֶר.] Derivatives: פְּגִירָה, הִתְפַּגְּרוּת.

פֶּֽגֶר m.n. corpse, carcass. [From פגר ᴵ, whence also Aram. פִּגְרָא (= corpse, carcass), Syr. פַּגְרָא, Akka. pagru (= body, corpse, carcass).] Derivative: פגר ᴵᴵ.

פָּגָר m.n. PBH bit (of a bridle). [Of unknown origin.]

פַּגְּרָא f.n. PBH, פַּגְּרָה MH holiday, vacation. [Aram. פַּגְּרָא, from פַּגֵּר (= was inactive). See פגר ᴵ.]

פִּגָּרוֹן m.n. NH holiday. [Formed from פִּגֵּר (= was inactive), Pi. of פגר ᴵ, with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פִּגְרוֹן m.n. NH a little corpse. [Formed from פֶּגֶר with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פַּגְּרָן m.n. NH backward, retarded. [Formed from פִּגֵּר (= was inactive), Pi. of פגר ᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּגְּרָנוּת.

פַּגְּרָנוּת f.n. NH backwardness. [Formed from פַּגְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פגשׁ to meet, encounter.
    — Qal - פָּגַשׁ he met, encountered.
    — Niph. - נִפֽגַּשׁ (usually in the pl.) they met together, met each other (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 85:11; Prov. 22:2 and 29:13).
    — Pi. - פִּגֵּשׁ he met, encountered (in the Bible occurring only Job 5:14).
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּגֵּשׁ he met, encountered.
    — Hiph. - הִפְגִּישׁ he caused (people) to meet, brought together. [Prob. related to Arab. thaqifa (= he found, met), and to פגע.] Derivatives: פְּגִישָׁה, הַפְגָּשָׁה, מִפְגָּשׁ.

פֶּדָגוֹג, פַּדְגּוֹג m.n. PBH pedagogue, pedagog. [L. paedagōgus, from Gk. paidagogos (= slave who escorted a boy from home to school and back again, tutor, teacher), which stands for paidos agogos (= leader of a child), from pais, gen. paidos (= child), and agogos (= guide, leader), from agein (= to lead). The first element derives from IE * pu– (= small, little, few, young); see ‘few’ in my CEDEL and cp. the third element in אֶנְצִיקְלוֹפֵּדְיָה. For the second element see אַקְטוּאָלִי. cp. פֶּדָגוֹגִי, פֶּדָגוֹגְיָה, and פֶּדִיאָטֶר. cp. also פֶּדַנְט.]

פֶּדָגוֹגִי adj. FW pedagogical, educational. [Back formation from פֶּדָגוֹגְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פֶּדָגוֹגְיָה f.n. FW pedagogy, education. [Fren. pédagogie, from L. paedagōgia, from Gk. paidagogia (= attendance on children, education, culture), properly ‘office of the paidagogos’. See פֶּדָגוֹג and suff. ◌יָה.]

פּדה to ransom, deliver, redeem.
    — Qal - פָּדָה 1 he ransomed, redeemed; 2 he rescued, freed, delivered, released; NH 3 he sold (in cash).
    — Niph. - נִפֽדָּה 1 was ransomed, was redeemed; NH 2 was sold (in cash).
    — Hiph. - הִפְדָּה he caused to be ransomed, caused to be redeemed (in the Bible occurring only Ex. 21:8).
    — Hoph. - הָפְדָּה was ransomed, was redeemed (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 19:20). [Arab. fadā(y) (= he ransomed, redeemed), Ethiop. fadaya (= he paid, redeemed), OSArab. פדית (= ransom), Akka. padū (= to ransom, redeem). cp. פדע.] Derivatives: פָּדוּי, פְּדוּת, פִּדְיוֹם, פִּדְיוֹן, פְּדִיָּה, פְּדִיּוּת, הִפָּדוּת, מִפֽדֶּה.

פָּדוּי adj. ransomed, redeemed. [Pass. part. of פָּדָה. See פדה and cp. פָּדוּעַ.]

פֶּדוֹלוֹגְיָה ᴵ f.n. FW pedology (child study). [Compounded of Gk. pais, gen. paidos (= child), and logia, from logos (= one who speaks in a certain manner; one who deals with a certain topic). See פֶּדָגוֹג and ◌לוֹגֽיָה.]

פֶּדוֹלוֹגְיָה ᴵᴵ pedology (the study of soils). [Compounded of Gk. pedon (= ground, soil), and logia.. See לוֹגְיָה and cp. פֶּדוֹמֶטֶר.]

פֶּדוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW pedometer. [Fren. pédomètre, a hybrid coined from L. pēs, gen. pedis (= foot), and Gk. metron (= measure). See פֵּדָר and מֶטֶר.]

פָּדֽוּעַ adj. MH ransomed, redeemed. [Pass. part. of פָּדַע. See פדע and cp. פָּדוּי.]

פִּדּוּר m.n. NH powdering (one’s face). [Verbal n. of פִּדֵּר, Pi. of פדר.]

פְּדוּת f.n. 1 redemption, deliverance. 2 separation. [From פדה.]

פַּדַּֽחַת f.n. PBH forehead. [Together with Aram. פַּדַּחְתָּא of unknown origin.]

פֶּדִיאָטֶר m.n. FW pediatrist. [Compounded of Gk. pais, gen. paidos (= child), and iatros (= physician), which derives from iasthai (= to heal), prob. from IE base * eis– (= to set in quick motion), whence also Gk. iepos (= holy, sacred; orig.: ‘filled with divine force’), and prob. identical with iepos (= strong, lively, active, quick, swift).]

פְּדִיָּה f.n. PBH ransoming, redemption. [Verbal n. of פָּדָה. See פדה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּדְיוֹם m.n. ransom, redemption (in the Bible occurring only Num. 3:49). [A secondary form of פִּדְיוֹן.]

פִּדְיוֹן m.n. (pl. פִּדְיוֹנוֹת) 1 ransom, redemption. NH 2 sale (in cash). NH 3 present brought by the Hasidim to their Rabbi. [From פדה. For the ending see suff. ◌יוֹן.]

פְּדִיּוּת f.n. MH redemption. [From פדה. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

פֵּדִיקוּר m.n. FW pedicure. [From pédicure, lit. ‘care of the feet’. Compounded of L. pēs, gen. pedis (= foot), and cūra (= care, solicitude, concern). The first element is cognate with Gk. podos (= foot); see פֵּדָר. The second element derives from Old L. coira, which is of uncertain origin. cp. אֶקְסְפֵּדִיעְיָה, and the second element in מָנִיקוּר.]

פַּדָּן m.n. 1 in the Bible, a place name (Gen. 48:7); possibly derived from Akka. padānu (= road; garden). MH 2 plow. NH 3 ‘feddan’ (a square measure). [cp. Aram.–Syr. פַּדָּן, פַּדָּנָא (= yoke; plow). Arab. faddān (= yoke of oxen). ‘Feddan’ (a square measure) is an Aram. loan word.]

פֶּדַנְט m.n. FW pedant. [Fren. pédant, from It. pedante, (orig. meaning ‘schoolmaster’) from Late L. paedagōgantem, accusative of paedagōgāns, from L. paedagōgus. See פֶּדָגוֹג.] Derivative: פֶּדַנְטִי.

פֶּדַנְטִי adj. FW pedantic. [Formed from פֶּדַנֽט with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פֶּדַנְטִיּוּת.

פֶּדַנְטִיּוּת f.n. FW pedantry. [Formed from פֶּדַנְטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פדע to ransom, redeem.
    — Qal - פָּדַע he ransomed, redeemed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 33:24 in the suffixed form פּֽדָעֵהוּ). [A secondary form of פדה.] Derivative: פֶּדַע.

פֶּֽדַע m.n. MH redemption. [From פדע.]

פֶּֽדֶר m.n. fat, suet (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 1:8 and 12; 8:20). [Perhaps related to Akka. pitru (= fat). Egypt. pdr (= fat) is prob. a Heb. loan word.]

פדר to powder.
    — Pi. - פִּדֵּר he powdered (his face).
    — Pu. - פֻּדַּר was powdered.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּדֵּר he powdered himself. [Denominated from פּוּדְרָה (= powder for the face).] Derivatives: פִּדּוּר, מְפֻדָּר.

פֵּדָר m.n. a small rug. [From L. pedārius (= pertaining to the foot), from pēs, gen. pedis (= foot), which is cogn. with Gk. pous, gen. podos (= foot), pede (= fetter), pedan (= to bind with fetters), pedon (= ground, earth), Old I. pā́t, accusative pādam (= foot), etc. All these words derive from IE base * pō̌d–, *pē̌d– (= foot). cp. ‘foot’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to. cp. also the first element in פֶּדוֹלוֹגְיָה ᴵᴵ, פֶּדוֹמֶטֶר, פֵּדִיקוּר, פּוֹדַגְרָה, פִּיגָ׳מָה, and the second element in אַנְטִיפּוֹד, אֶקְסֽפֵּדִיעֽיָה, פּוֹלִיפּ, קָלִיבֶּר. cp. also פִּטְפּוּט ᴵ and פֶּסִּימִי.]

פֶדֶרָטִיבִי adj. FW federative. [Formed from L. foederātus (= leagued together, allied), p. part. of foederāre (= to establish by treaty), from foedus, gen. foederis (= league, treaty, covenant), which stands in gradational relationship to fīdere (= to trust), fidēs (= faith, confidence, belief), fidēlis (= true, faithful, sincere). For the Eng. suff. – ive see ‘–ive’ in my CEDEL. See also suff. ◌ִי. cp. פֶדֶרָלִי.]

פֶדֶרָלִי adj. FW federal. [Fren. fédéral, from L. foedus. See פֶדֶרָטִיבִי and suff. ◌ִי. See also פֶדֶרָלִיזְם.]

פֶדֶרָלִיזְם m.n. FW federalism. [Eng. federalism, coined by the English statesman and author Edmund Burke (1729–97) from federal and suff. – ism. See פֶדֶרָלִי and suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פֶדֶרַצְיָה f.n. FW federation. [Formed from L. foederātus. See פֶדֶרָטִיבִי and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

פֶּה m.n. (pl. פִּיּוֹת, also פֵּיוֹת and פִּיפִיּוֹת) 1 mouth. 2 speech, saying. 3 command. 4 opening, orifice. [Related to Pun. פי in לפי (= according to), BAram. פֻּם, Aram.–Syr. פּוּמָא (= mouth, orifice, hole, opening), Syr. לְפוּת (= according to), OSArab. פ, Ugar. p, Arab. fū, Ethiop. ‘af, Akka. pū (= orifice, hole, opening). cp. פֵּא, פִּיָּה, פִּיֹּנֶת, פִּים, פִּימָה, פִּיפִיָּה, לְפִיכָךְ. cp. also פּוּם, the second element in מְלָאפּוּם, and פָּנִים.]

פֹּה (also פּוֹ and פֹּא) adv. here (פֹּה is the form regularly used). [Related to Phoen. פ, Ugar. p. cp. the second element in אֵיפֹה.]

פָה m.n. FW ‘fa’ — a syllable used in solmization to denote the fourth tone of the diatonic scale.

פֵּה f.n. PBH the Heb. letter ‘Pe’. [Another spelling for פֵּא.]

פהה to idle, to loaf, to tarry.
    — Qal - פָּהָה he idled, loafed, he wasted time, lingered, tarried. [From שְׁהִ״י פְּהִ״י (q.v.).] Derivative: פְּהִיָּה.

פִּהוּק m.n. PBH yawn. [Verbal n. of פִּהֵק, Pi. of פהק.]

פְּהִיָּה f.n. NH tarrying, lingering. [Verbal n. of פָּהָה; see פהה and suff. ◌ָיָּה.]

פְּהִיקָה f.n. NH yawn. [Verbal n. of פָּהַק. See פהק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פהק to yawn.
    — Qal - פָּהַק he yawned.
    — Pi. - פִּהֵק he yawned.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּהֵק he yawned many times. [Syr. פָּק, Arab. fāqa (= he sighed). For the changeability of ו and ה see the introductory article to letter ה.] Derivatives: פַּהֲקָן, פִּהוּק, פְּהִיקָה, הִתְפַּהֲקוּת.

פֵּהֲקָן m.n. NH 1 yawner. 2 idler. [Formed from פִּהֵק, Pi. of פהק, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פּוֹ adv. here. [Another spelling for פֹּה.]

פּוּאָה f.n. PBH madder. [Related to Aram. פּוּתָא, Arab. fuwwa (= madder).]

פּוֹאֶטִיקָה f.n. FW poetry. [Gk. poietike, scil. techne (= poetry), f. of poietikos (= capable of making, creative, productive; pertaining to poetry, poetic), from poietos (= made), verbal adj. of poiein (= to make). See פַּיְטָן and cp. פּוֹאֶמָה and פּוֹאֶסְיָה.]

פּוֹאֶמָה f.n. FW poem. [L. poēma, from Gk. poiema (= something done; a composition in verse, poem), from the stem of poiein. See פּוֹאֶטִיקָה. For the ending of Gk. poiema see suff. ‘–ma’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹאֶסְיָה f.n. FW poesy. [L. poēsis, from Gk. poiesis (= a making, poetry), from poiein (= to make). See פּוֹאֶטִיקָה.]

פוֹבְּיָה f.n. FW phobia. [Eng. phobia, from Gk. combining from – phobia (= panic fear of, fear of), from phobos (= panic flight; panic fear; fear, terror).]

פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְט, פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטָן m.n. FW publicist. [From publiciste — a hybrid coined from public (= public), from L. pūblicus (= belonging to the people, public), and iste, a suff. of Gk. origin. L. pūblicus is prob. a blend of Old L. poplicus (= belonging to the people), from populus (= people), and L. pūbicus (= belonging to adults). See ‘puevile’ in my CEDEL. cp. פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטִיקָה, פּוּבְּלִיקַצְיָה, and the second element in רֶפּוּבְּלִיקָה. cp. also פּוֹפּוּלָרִי.] Derivative: פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטִי.

פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטִי adj. FW publicistic. [Formed from פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְט with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטִיקָה f.n. FW publicistics. [From פּוּבְּלִיצִיסֽט. For the ending see subst. suff. ‘–ic’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּבְּלִיקַצְיָה f.n. FW publication. [L. pūblīcātīo, from pūblicātus, p. part. of pūblicāre (= to make public property; to make known, publish), from pūblicus. See פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְט and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

פוג to grow numb; to evaporate; to become faint.
    — Qal - פָּג 1 it grew numb; 2 it disappeared, vanished; PBH 3 it evaporated.
    — Niph. - נָפוֹג was benumbed, was faint.
    — Pol. - פּוֹגֵג he benumbed, made faint, weakened.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְפּוֹגֵג was benumbed, became faint.
    — Pi. - פִּיֵּג he caused to disappear, removed;
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיג weakened, eased, caused to disappear, caused to cease, removed.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַג was weakened, was made to disappear. [Aram. פּוּג (= to cease, be helpless), Syr. פָּג (= was cold), Arab. fāja (= grew cool).] Derivatives: פּוּגָה, הֲפוּגָה, הֲפָגָה, הֲפִיגָה, הִתְפּוֹגְגוּת, תְּפוּגָה.

פּוּגָה f.n. 1 benumbing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 2:18 in the c. st.). PBH 2 relaxation. MH 3 doubt. [From פוג.]

פוּגָה f.n. FW fugue (music). [It. fuga (= flight, escape; ardor), from L. fuga (= a fleeing, flight; swiftness, speed), from the stem of fugere (= to flee), from IE base * bheug– (= to flee), which meant originally ‘to bend one’s course away from a place’. See ‘bow’ (= to bend) in my CEDEL and cp. the second element in צֶנְטְרִיפוּגָלִי.]

פּוּגְיוֹן m.n. PBH see פִּגְיוֹן.

פּוֹגְרוֹם m.n. FW pogrom. [Russ. pogromŭ (= devastation, pillage), formed from po (= behind, after), which is cogn. with L. post (= behind, after), and gromŭ (= thunder), from IE base * ghrem– (= to give a hollow sound, to thunder), whence also Old Eng. grimm, grim (= cruel, fierce). See ‘grim’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹדַגְרָה f.n. PBH podagra. [Gk. podagra (= trap for the feet, gout in the feet), compounded of pous, gen. podos (= foot), and agra (= a catching, seizure). For the first element see פֵּדָר. The second element is related to Gk. agreein (= to take, catch), and cogn. with Old I. ār (= defeat). cp. the second element in פֶּלַגְרָה.]

פּוּדִינְג m.n. FW pudding. [From Eng. pudding, which prob. derives from Fren. boudin (= black pudding), a word of prob. imitative origin. See ‘pudding’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּדְרָה f.n. FW powder for the ce.[[illegible]] [Fren. poudre, from poldre, p(o)u[[illegible]]’, from L. pulverem, accusative of pulvis (= dust, powder), which derives from IE base * ped– (= dust, porridge made of meal), whence also L. pollen, also pollis (= fine flour, mill dust). See ‘pollen’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פדר.

פּוֹזָה f.n. FW pose. [Fren. pose, from poser (= to halt, rest; to put, place), from L. pausāre (= to halt, pause), from pausa (= stop, cessation), from Gk. pausis (= stopping, ceasing); influenced in meaning by an association in Late L. with L. pos–, the stem of posuī and positus, from piōnere (= to put, place). See ‘pause’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹזִיטִיב m.n. FW positive (in photography). [From L. positīvus. See פּוֹזִיצְיָה.]

פּוֹזִיטִיבִי adj. FW positive. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from L. positīvus (= settled by agreement), opposed to nātūrālis (= natural), from positus, p. part. of pōnō (= I place). See פּוֹזִיצְיָה. For the ending of L. – ivus see suff. ‘–ive’ in my CEDEL. cp. פּוֹזִיטִיבִיזְם.]

פּוֹזִיטִיבִיזְם m.n. FW positivism. [Fren. positivisme, coined by Auguste Comte (1798–1857) from positif, from L. positīvus. See פּוֹזִיטִיבִי and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פּוֹזִיטִיבִיסְט m.n. FW positivist. [See פּוֹזִיטִיבִיזְם and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.]

פּוֹזִיצְיָה f.n. FW position. [L. positiō (= a placing, setting, situation, position), from positus, p. part. of pōnō (= I put, place, lay), which is a contraction of * poznō, from * pos(i)nō, lit. ‘I lay aside’, from pref. po– and sinō (= I set down, leave), which derives from IE base * sē(i)– (= to leave, leave off, be slow, come late). See ‘position’ and ‘site’ in my CEDEL and cp. פּוֹזִיטִיב, פּוֹזִיטִיבִי. cp. also אֶקְסְפּוֹזִיצְיָה, קוֹמְפּוֹזִיטוֹר and פּוֹסְטָה. For the ending of פּוֹזִיצְיָה see suff. ◌יָה.]

פּוֹזֵל adj. NH squinting. [Act. part. of פָּזַל. See פזל.] Derivative: פּוֹזְלָנִי.

פּוֹזְלָנִי adj. NH squinting. [Formed from פּוֹזֵל with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פּוּזְמָק, פֻּזְמָק m.n. (pl. פּוּזֽמָקוֹת and פּוּזְמְקָאוֹת) PBH 1 gaiter, fine shoe. NH 2 sock, stocking. [Of Turanian origin. Russ. bashmakŭ (= shoe), Med. Gk. pasmazes, and Arab. bashmaqjī (= shoemaker), are of the same origin.] Derivative: פזמק.

פוח to breathe, blow.
    — Qal - פָּח it breathed, blew.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיחַ 1 he caused to blow; 2 he breathed out, uttered. [Aram. פּוּחַ (= to breathe, blow), Syr. פָּח, Arab. fāḫa (= it exhaled a pleasant odor, was fragrant). Related to the bases יפח, נפח. cp. פָּח. cp. also פֶּחָם ᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּיחַ, פִּיחָה, הֲפָחָה.

פּוֹחֵז adj. 1 wanton, reckless. NH 2 mischievous. [Act. part. of פחז.]

פּוֹחֵֽחַ adj. PBH one whose clothes are ragged. [Related to Aram. פְּחַח (= he was clothed in rags), פְּחָח (= one whose clothes are ragged). Of unknown origin.] Derivative: פחח ᴵᴵ.

פּוּחְלָץ, פֻּחְלָץ m.n. PBH 1 a loaded double bag put on the back of an ass or a camel. NH 2 stuffed skin of animals. [The correct reading is prob. פָּחֳלִין, pl. of פֹּחַל (q.v.). Such is also the reading in the commentary ascribed to R. Hay Gaon. The form פּוּחְלָץ arose through misreading the word פחלין into פחלץ (the letters ין having been mistaken for ץ.] Derivative: פחלץ.

פּוֹחֵר m.n. PBH potter. [Related to פֶּחָר (= potter). See also פחר.]

פוֹטוֹ◌ FW (combining form) photo. [Gk. photo– from the stem of phos (= light), which is contracted from phaos, a word derived from IE base *bhā– (= to shine). cp. פוֹטוֹן and the first element of פוֹסְפוֹר. cp. also פַנֽטַסְיָה.]

פוֹטוֹ m.n. FW photograph. [Eng. photo, abbreviation of photograph. See פוֹטוֹגְרַפְיָה.]

פוֹטוֹגֶנִי adj. FW photogenic. [Eng. photogenic, compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Fren. – gène, from Gk. – genes (= born of, produced by), from the stem of gennar (= to beget, bring forth, generate, produce). See גֶּן.]

פוֹטוֹגְרָף m.n. FW photographer. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. graphos, from graphein (= to write). See ◌גְרָף.]

פוֹטוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW photographic. [Back formation from פוֹטוֹגֽרַפְיָה. for the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פוֹטוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW photography. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. typos (= description of), from graphein (= to write). See ◌גְרַפְיָה.]

פוֹטוֹטִיפִּיָּה f.n. FW phototypy. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. typos (= blow, mark, pattern, model). See טִיפּוּס and suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פוֹטוֹמוֹנְטָז׳ m.n. FW photomontage. [Fren. photomontage, compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Fren. montage (= lit.: ‘a mounting, putting together’), from monter (= to ascend, to mount, put together).]

פוֹטוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW photometer. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. metron (= measure). See מֶטֶר.]

פוֹטוֹמֶטְרִיָּה f.n. FW photometry. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. metria (= measurement of), from metron. See מֶטֶר.]

פוֹטוֹן m.n. FW photon (optics). [Formed from the stem of phos, gen. photos (= light), with suff. – on.]

פוֹטוֹסְטָט m.n. FW photostat. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. statos (= placed, standing). See סְטָטִי.]

פוֹטוֹסִינְתֶּזָה f.n. FW photosynthesis (botany and biochemistry). [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and L. synthesis, from Gk. synthesis (= a putting together, composition), from the stem syntithenai (= to put together), from syn– (see סִינֽ◌) and tithenai (= to put, place).]

פוֹטוֹסְפֵירָה f.n. FW photosphere. [Lit. ‘ball of light’, compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. sphaira (= ball). See סְפֵירָה.]

פוֹטוֹפוֹן m.n. FW photophone. [Lit. ‘sound through light’, from פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. phone (= sound, voice). See פוֹנֶטִיקָה.]

פוּטוּרוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW futurology. [A hybrid compounded of L. fūtūrus (= future) and Gk. logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

פוּטוּרִיזְם m.n. FW futurism. [It. futurismo (= lit.: ‘the movement considering the future’), coined by its founder, the Italian poet and writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876–1944) from L. futūrus (= future), and suff. – ismo (from L. – ismus). For the ending of פוּטוּרִיזְם see ◌ִיזְם.]

פוּטוּרִיסְט m.n. FW futurist. [See פוּטוּרִיזְם and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.] Derivative: פוּטוּרִיסְטִי.

פוּטוּרִיסְטִי adj. FW futuristic. [Formed from פוּטוּרִיסֽט with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוּטִית f.n. NH 1 name of a small fish. 2 the flatfish. [From Aram. פּוּטִיתָא (= name of a small fish), which is of uncertain origin.]

פּוֹטֶנְצִיָאל m.n. FW potential. [From Late L. potentiālis (= having power), from L. potentia. See פּוֹטֶנְצְיָה. For the ending see adj. suff. ‘-al’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פּוֹטֶנְצְיָאלִי.

פּוֹטֶנְצְיָאלִי adj. FW potential. [Formed from פּוֹטֶנְצְיָאל with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹטֶנְצְיָה f.n. FW potency. [L. potentia (= power), from pōtēns, gen. potentis (= able, mighty, powerful), from potis (= able, capable, powerful), which is cogn. with Old I. patiḥ (= master, husband), Gk. posis (= husband), etc. cp. ‘potent’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to. cp. also the second element in דֶּסְפּוֹט. For the ending of פּוֹטֶנְצְיָה see suff. ◌ֽיָה.]

פּוֹטָשׁ m.n. FW potash. [Eng. potash, orig. pl. potashes, from Dutch potaschen, now potas (lit. ‘ashes in the pot’); so called because originally obtained from vegetable substances burnt in a pot. See ‘pot’ (= a round vessel), and ‘ash’ (= dust), in my CEDEL.]

פּוּטְשׁ m.n. FW putsch. [Ger. Putsch, a Swiss dialect word, lit. meaning ‘thrust, shock’; of imitative origin.]

פּוּךְ ᴵ m.n. antimony, eye paint. [The orig. meaning of this word was ‘fine powder’. It derives from base פכך (= to pulverize), appearing in Syr. פַּךְ (= he broke, bruised, shattered), Arab. fakka (= he broke, decomposed, fragmentized). Gk. phukos (= red paint; seaweed), whence L. fūcus (= rock lichen) is a Heb. loan word. cp. פּוּךְ ᴵᴵ. cp. also פִּיקָס.] Derivative: פיך.

פּוּךְ ᴵᴵ m.n. a kind of precious stone. [Prob. a special sense development of פּוּךְ ᴵ. According to some scholars it is a secondary form of נֹפֶךְ. Some scholars render it by ‘hard mortar’.]

פּוֹל m.n. 1 bean (in the Bible occurring only Sam. II 17:28 and Ezek. 4:9). NH 2 gland. [Related to Aram. פּוֹלָא, Arab. fūl, Ethiop. fāl (= bean).]

פּוֹלוֹ m.n. FW polo. [Lit. ‘ball’, from Baltic Indian polo. cp. Tibetan pulu (= ball).]

פּוֹלוֹנֶז m.n. FW polonaise (dance). [Fren. polonaise, shortened from danse polonaise (= a Polish dance), f. of polonais (= Polish), from Polonia, Latinized name of Poland. See ‘Pole’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹלוֹנְיוּם m.n. FW polonium (chemistry). Modern L. polonium, from Polonia, Latinized name of Poland; so called by its discoverers Pierre Curie (1859–1906) and his wife Maria Sklodowska (1867–1934), after the latter’s native land.]

פּוֹלִי◌ FW (combining form) poly-. [Gk. poly, from polys (= much, many), which is cogn. with L. plūs (= more), plūrimus (= most). See פְּלוּס.]

פּוֹלִיאֶדֶר m.n. FW polyhedron (geometry). [Modern L. polyhedron, from Gk. polyedron (= having many seats or sides), compounded of poly (see פּוֹלִי◌) and edra (= seat, base, side, face). See דּוֹדֶקָאֶדֶר.]

פּוֹלִיגוֹן m.n. FW polygon (geometry). [Late L. polygōnum, from polygonon, properly neuter of the adj. polygonos (= polygonal), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and – gonos (= angled), from the stem of gonia (= angle). See פּוֹלִי◌ and דּוֹדֶקָגוֹן.]

פּוֹלִיגְלוֹט m.n. FW polyglot. [Gk. polyglottos (= many-tongued), compounded of polys (= much, many), and glotta (= tongue, language). See פּוֹלִי◌ and גְּלוֹסְקָמָא.]

פּוֹלִיגַמְיָה f.n. FW polygamy. [Late L. polygamia, from Gk. polygamia, from polygamos (= having many wives), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and gamos (= marriage). See פּוֹלִי◌ and בִּיגַמְיָה.]

פּוֹלִיגָמִי adj. FW polygamous. [Back formation from פּוֹלִיגַמְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹלִיגְרָף m.n. FW polygraph. [Gk. polygraphos (= writing much), compounded of polys (much, many), and graphos, from graphein (= to write). See פּוֹלִי◌ and ◌גֽרָף.]

פוֹלְיוֹ m.n. FW folio. [L. foliō, ablative of folium (= leaf), which prob. stands for IE * bholyom and is cogn. with Gk. phulon (= leaf). All these words derive from IE base * bhlō–, *bhlē– (= to blossom), properly ‘to swell’. See ‘blow’ (= to flower), and ‘blow’ (= to puff), in my CEDEL and cp. ‘foliage’ and ‘foil’ (= leaf of metal), ibid. cp. also פּוֹלְיָטוֹן.]

פּוֹלְיוֹ m.n. FW polio. [Eng . polio, short for poliomyelitis, from Medical L. poliomyelitis, compounded of Gk. polios (= gray), and Medical L. myelitis, which is formed from Gk. myelos (= marrow). Gk. polios derives from IE base * pel– (= dark-colored, gray). See ‘fallaw’ (= brownish yellow) in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹלְיָטוֹן m.n. PBH (also פְּלַיְטוֹן) perfume. [From L. foliatum, scil. unguentum (= an ointment, or oil made of the leaves of spikenard), properly subst. use of the neuter of foliatus (= leaved, leafy), from folium (= leaf). See פוֹלְיוֹ and cp. פֶּלַרְגּוֹנְיום.]

פּוֹלִיטִיקָה f.n. FW politics. [From Gk. politikos (= pertaining to a citizen, political), from polis (= city, state), which is cogn. with Old I. puriḥ (= citadel, city, town).] Derivatives: פּוֹלִיטִיקַאי, פּוֹלַיטִיקָן. cp. the second element in מֶטְרוֹפּוֹלִין, קוֹסְמוֹפּוֹלִיט.

פּוֹלִיטִיקַאי m.n. FW politician. [Formed from פּוֹלִיטִיקָה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

פּוֹלִיטִיקָן m.n. FW politician (used derogatorily); a crafty person. [Formed from פּוֹלִיטִיקָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פּוֹלִיטִיקָנִיוּת.

פּוֹלִיטִיקָנִיּוּת f.n. FW craftiness. [Formed from פּוֹלִיטִיקָן with suff. ◌ִיּוּת.]

פּוֹלִיטֶכְנִיּוֹן m.n. FW polytechnic. [From Gk. polytechnos (= skilled in many arts), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and techne (= art). See פּוֹלִי◌ and טֶכְנַאי.]

פּוֹלִימֶר m.n. FW polymer (chemistry). [Coined by the Swedish chemist Baron Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1830 from Gk. polys (= much, many) and meros (= part), which is cogn. with L. merērī (= to earn, obtain, deserve). See ‘mero–’ (= part) in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹלִימֶרִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW polymerization. [See פּוֹלִימֶר and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

פּוֹלֵימַרְכוֹס m.n. PBH (pl. פּוֹלֵימַרְכִים) polemarch. [Gk. polymarchos, compounded of polemos (= war), and archos (= leader, chief, ruler). See פּוּלֽמוּס and אַרְכִי.]

פּוֹלִינוֹם m.n. FW polynomial. [Coined on the analogy of בִּינוֹם (q.v.) from Gk. polys (= much, many). See פּוֹלִי◌.]

פּוֹלִיסָה f.n. FW policy (document of insurance). [Fren. police (= insurance policy), from It. polizza, corruption of Med. L. apodixa (= receipt), from Gk. apodeixis (= a showing forth, demonstration, proof), from apo (= from, away from) and deiknynai (= to show), which is cogn. with L. dicere (= to tell). See אִינְדֶקְס and cp. words there referred to.]

פּוֹלִיפּ m.n. FW polyp. [Fren. polype, from L. polypus, from Gk. polypous (= ‘octopus’; lit. ‘many-footed’), compounded of polys (= much, many), and pous, gen. podos (= foot). See פּוֹלִי◌ and פֵּדָר.]

פּוֹלִיפוֹנְיָה f.n. FW polyphony. [Gk. polyphonia, from polyphonos (= having many tones), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and phone (= sound, voice). See פּוֹלִי◌ and פוֹנֶטִיקָה. For the ending see suff. ◌יָה.]

פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיזְם m.n. FW polytheism. [Fren. polytheisme, from Gk. polytheia (= polytheism), from polytheos (= believing in many gods), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and theos (= god). See פּוֹלִי◌ and תֵּיאִיזְם and cp. the second element in מוֹנוֹתֵיאִיזְם and in פַּנְתֵּיאִיזְם.]

פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיסְט m.n. FW polytheist. [See פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיזְם and suff. ◌ִיסֽט. cp. מוֹנוֹתֵיאִיסְט.] Derivative: פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיסְטִי.

פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיסְטִי adj. FW polytheistic. [Formed from פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיסְט with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוּלְמוֹס, פֻּלְמוֹס m.n. (pl. פּוּלְמוֹסִים, also פּוּלְמוֹסִיּוֹת) PBH 1 war. NH 2 polemic. [From Gk. polemos (= war), which is related to pelemixein (= to shake, cause to tremble), from IE * pelem–, enlargement of base * pel– (= to shake, swing). cp. ‘polemic’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to. cp. also פּוּלְסָא, פָּפִילְיוֹן and the first element in פּוֹלֵימַרְכוֹס.] Derivatives: פלמס, פּוּלְמוֹסִי, פּוּלְמוֹסָן, פּוּלְמוֹסָנִי.

פּוּלְמוֹסִי adj. NH polemical, controversial. [Formed from פּוּלְמוֹס with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוּלְמוֹסָן m.n. NH polemist, disputant. [Formed from פּוּלְמוֹס with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פּוּלְמוֹסָנוּת.

פּוּלְמוֹסָנוּת f.n. NH polemicism. [Formed from פּוּלֽמוֹסָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוּלְסָא, פֻּלְסָא m.n. PBH (pl. פּוּלְסִין) blow. [Aram., of uncertain origin. Perhaps borrowed from L. pulsus (= beating), from pellere (= to beat, strike, knock, push, drive), which prob. derives from IE base * pel– (= to shake, swing). See פּוּלְמוֹס and cp. פּוּלְסַצְיָה.]

פּוּלְסַצְיָה f.n. FW pulsation. [L. pulsātiō (= a beating or striking), from pulsāre (= to push, beat, strike), frequentative of pellere. See פּוּלְסָא and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

פּוֹלְקָה f.n. FW polka (dance). [Fren. polka, from Slovak polka or Czech púlka (= half step), dimin. of pol or pul (= half).]

פוֹלְקְלוֹר m.n. FW folklore. [Eng. folklore, coined by the English antiquary William John Thomas in 1846 for earlier popular antiquities. See ‘folk’ and ‘lore’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹלָרִי adj. FW polar. [Med. L. polāris, whence also Fren. polaire, from L. polus (= pivot, axis, pole), from Gk. polos (of s.m.), which is related to pelein (= to be in motion, to be), from IE base qel– (= to bend, turn). See ‘wheel’ in my CEDEL and cp. צִיקְלוּס. cp. also פּוֹלָרִיזַצְיָה.] Derivative: פּוֹלָרִיּוּת.

פּוֹלָרִיּוּת f.n. FW polarity. [Formed from פּוֹלָרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוֹלָרִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW polarization. [Fren. polarisation, from polariser (= to polarize), from polaire (= polar). See פּוֹלָרִי and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

פּוֹלֵשׁ m.n. NH invader. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּלַשׁ. See פלשׁ.]

פּוּם, פּוּמָא m.n. PBH mouth. [Aram., related to Heb. פֶּה (q.v.).] Derivatives: פּוּמִיָּה, פּוּמִית.

פּוּמְבִּי, פּוּמְבֵּי, פּוּמְבִּיּוּת see פֻּמְבִּי, פֻּמְבֵּי, פֻּמְבִּיּוּת.

פּוּמָה f.n. FW puma. [Sp. puma from Quechua.]

פּוּמִיָּה f.n. NH aperture, orifice. [Formed from פּוּם with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פּוּמִית f.n. NH mouthpiece. [Formed from פּוּם with suff. ◌ִית.]

פּוֹמֶלוֹ m.n. FW pomelo. [Eng. pomelo, altered from Dutch pompelmoes, lit. ‘a thick lemon’, from pompel (= thick), and limoes (= lemon). The change of the Dutch pompelmoes to pomelo was prob. due to the influence of Eng. pome.]

פָּוָן m.n. NH pavan (a Spanish dance). [Sp. pavana, from pavo (= peacock), from L. pavus, a secondary form of pavō (= peacock); so called from the character of this dance. L. pavō, together with Gk. taos (of s.m.), prob. comes ultimately from Tamil tōkei, tōgei. See טַוָּס.]

פון to be distracted (?).
    — Qal - פָּן perhaps meaning ‘he was perplexed, was distracted, was in doubt’ (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 88:16 in the lengthened imper. אָפוּנָה).] [A base of uncertain origin and meaning; perhaps related to Arab. ’afina (= was embarrassed, was helpless), and meaning ‘to be perplexed, be distracted’. According to some scholars related to פֶּן (= lest).] Derivative: תְּפוּנָה.

פּוּנְדָה f.n. PBH 1 money bag, purse. NH 2 cartridge belt. [From L. funda (= sling, casting net; purse), which is of uncertain origin. See ‘Fronde’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּנְדְיוֹן m.n. PBH dupondium (a Roman coin). [From L. dupondium (= the sum of the asses), which is compounded of du- (= two; see דוּ◌), and pondus (= weight), which stands in gradational relationship to pendēre (= to hang, hang down). See ‘pendant’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּנְדָק, פֻּנְדָּק, פּוּנְדְּקֵי, פֻּנְדְּקֵי m.n. PBH (pl. פּוּנְדָקִים, also פּוּנְדְקָאוֹת) inn, tavern, lodging place. [From Gk. pandakion, from pandokos (= innkeeper, host; lit. ‘all-receiving’), which is compounded of pan (= every), which is of uncertain origin, and dokos, which stands in gradational relationship to dekesthai (= to receive), from IE base * deƙ–, deƙ– (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming, good). See ‘decent’ in my CEDEL and cp. דוֹצֶנְט and words there referred to.] Derivative: פּוּנְדָקִי.

פּוּנְדְקַאי, פֻּנְדְּקַאי m.n. NH host (botany). [A secondary form of פּוּנְדָקִי. For the ending see suff. ◌ַאי.]

פּוּנְדָקִי, פֻּנְדָּקִי m.n. PBH innkeeper, host. [Formed from פּוּנְדָק with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹנָה f.n. PBH turning. [From פּנה (= to turn).]

פוֹנוֹ◌ FW (combining form) phono–. [Gk. phono, from phone (= sound, voice). See פוֹנֶטִי.]

פוֹנוֹגְרַמָּה f.n. FW phonogram. [Compounded of פוֹנוֹ◌ and Gk. gramma (= that which is written). See גְּרַם ᴵᴵ.]

פוֹנוֹגְרָף m.n. FW phonograph. [Lit.: writer of sound. Compounded of פוֹנוֹ◌ and graphos, from graphein (= to write). See ◌גֽרָף and cp. גְּרַמּוֹפוֹן.]

פוֹנוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW phonology. [Compounded of פוֹנוֹ◌ (q.v.), and Gk. – logia, from logos (= one who speaks in a certain manner; one who deals with a certain topic). See ◌לוֹגֽיָה.]

פּוֹנְטוֹן m.n. FW pontoon. [Eng. pontoon, from Fren. ponton, from L. pontōnem, accusative of pontō (= punt; floating bridge), a derivative of pōns (= bridge), which is cogn. with Gk. pontos (= trodden way), from IE base * pent– (= to go, pass; path, bridge). See ‘find’ in my CEDEL.]

פוֹנֶטִי adj. FW phonetic. [See פוֹנֶטִיקָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

פוֹנֶטִיקָה f.n. FW phonetics. [From Gk. phonetikos (= vocal), from phonetos (= utterable), verbal adj. of phonein (= to speak clearly, utter), from phone (= sound, voice), from IE base *bhā– (= to speak, tell, say), whence also L. for, fārī (= to speak), fāma (= talk, report, rumor, tradition, reputation). See ‘fami’ in my CEDEL, and cp. פַבּוּלָה. cp. also פוֹנֶמָה and the second element in לִינְגְוָפוֹן, מֶגָפוֹן, מִיקְרוֹפוֹן, סוּמְפּוֹנְיָה, סִימְפוֹנְיָה, סַקְסוֹפוֹן, פוֹטוֹפוֹן, פּוֹלִיפוֹנְיָה, קָקוֹפוֹנְיָה.]

פוֹנֶמָה f.n. FW phoneme. [Fren. phonème, from Gk. phonema (= sound, utterance), from phone (= sound, voice). See פוֹנֶטִיקָה. For the ending of Gk. phonema see suff. ‘–ma’ in my CEDEL.]

פוּנְקְצִיָּה f.n. FW function. [L. fūnctiō (= performance, execution), from fūnctus, p. part of fungī (= to perform, execute, discharge), which is cogn. with Old I. bhunákti,bhun̄jati (= enjoys, consumes), bhṓgaḥ (= enjoyment). cp. פוּנְקְצִיּוֹנָלִי.]

פוּנְקְצִיּוֹנָלִי adj. FW functional. [From פוּנְקְצִיָּה.] Derivative: פוּנְקִצִיּוֹנָלִיּוּת.

פוּנְקְצִיּוֹנָלִיּוּת f.n. FW functionalism. [From פוּנְקְצִיּוֹנָלִי. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוֹסְט prep. FW after (occurring in L. phrases like פּוסְט סְקְרִיפְּטוּם (= post scriptum), פּוֹסְט פַקְטוּם (= post factum). [L. post (= behind, after), from earlier * posti, from IE * pos-, enlargement of * po-, whence Gk. apo (= from), L. ab (= away from). cp. אַפּוֹ◌, אַבְּ◌.]

פּוֹסְטָה f.n. FW post, post office. [L. posta (= a place where men are stationed for the conveyance of messages or letters), from (mānsiō) posita (= a fixed halting place or station), f. p. part. of pīnere (= to put, place). See פּוֹזִיצְיָה.]

פוֹסְפוֹר m.n. FW phosphorus (chemistry). [Modern L. phōsphorus (= phosphorus), from L. Phōsphorus (= the morning star), from Gk. phosphoros (= lightbringer; the morning star), which is compounded of phos (= light), and phoros (= carrying). For the first element see פוֹטוֹ◌; for the second see אֲנָפוֹרָה. cp. פוֹסְפָט.]

פוֹסְפָט m.n. FW phosphate (chemistry). [Formed from phospho– which is shortened from phosphorus (see פוֹסְפוֹר), and chemical suff. ‘–ate’ (q.v.) in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹסֵק m.n. MH 1 codifier. NH 2 decider. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּסַק. See פסק.]

פּוֹעֵל m.n. 1 one who works, one who achieves. PBH 2 worker, workman, laborer. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּעַל. See פעל.] Derivative: פּוֹעֲלִי.

פּוֹעֲלִי adj. NH labor (adj.). [Formed from פּוֹעֵל with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹפּוּלָרִי adj. FW popular. [L. populāris (= belonging to the people), from populus (= people), which is of uncertain, possibly Etruscan, origin. cp. פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְט. For the L. ending – āris see adj. suff. ‘–ar’ in my CEDEL; for the ending ◌ִי, see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: פּוֹפּוּלָרִיּוּת, פּוֹפּוּלָרִיזָטוֹר, פּוֹפּוּלָרִיזַצְיָה.

פּוֹפּוּלָרִיּוּת f.n. FW popularity. [Formed from פּוֹפּוּלָרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוֹפּוּלָרִיזָטוֹר m.n. FW popularizer. [See פּוֹפּוּלָרִי. For the ending ◌ִיזָטוֹר see the suffixes ‘–ize’ and ‘–ator’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹפּוּלָרִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW popularization. [See פּוֹפּוּלָרִי. For the ending ◌ִיזַצְיָה see suff. ‘–ization’ in my CEDEL. See also suff. ◌ִצֽיָה.]

פּוֹפְּלִין m.n. FW poplin. [Fren. papeline, from It. papalina, f. of papalino (= papal); so called because orig. made at Avignon while it was a papal residence (between 1309 and 1408). Fren. popline is a loan word from Eng. poplin. See ‘pope’ in my CEDEL.]

פוץ ᴵ to be dispersed, be scattered, spread.
    — Qal - פָּץ was dispersed, was scattered, spread.
    — Niph. - נָפוֹץ 1 was dispersed, was scattered; NH 2 it spread.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיץ 1 he dispersed, scattered; NH 2 he circulated, distributed.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַץ 1 was dispersed, was scattered; 2 was circulated, was distributed. [Arab. fāḍa (= it overflowed, ran over), ’afāḍa (= he poured forth). Perhaps related to פצץ. cp. נפץ, which is prob. a secondary base formed from פוץ ᴵ. cp. also פושׁ ᴵ.] Derivatives: הֲפָצָה, מֵפִיץ ᴵ, נָפוֹץ, נְפוּצוֹת, תְּפוּצָה.

פוץ ᴵᴵ to speak.
    — Qal - פָּץ he opened his mouth, spoke, said (used only in the perf. and in the part.). [A secondary form of פצה ᴵ.]

פּוֹצֵץ adj. NH explosive. [From פצץ.]

פוק ᴵ, פיק to reel, totter. Related to פקק ᴵᴵ. cp. Aram. פַּקְפּוּתָא (= shaking).
    — Qal - פָּק intr. v. he reeled, tottered.
    — Pilp. (see . - פקפק ). Derivatives: פּוּקָה, פִּיק.

פוק ᴵᴵ to happen to meet, find.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיק 1 produced, furnished; 2 he brought forth, solicited, obtained; 3 he carried out, promoted. 4 he produced (e.g. a film), achieved.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַק MH 1 was brought forth, was obtained; NH 2 was produced, was achieved. [Prob. related to Aram. נְפַק (= he went out). See נפק.] Derivatives: הֲפָקָה, מֵפִיק, מוּפָק, תְּפוּקָה.

פּוֹק, פֹּק intr. v. PBH go out! [Aram. imper. of נֽפַק (see נפק). Occurring in the sentence פּוֹק חֲזֵי מַאי עַמָּא דָבֵר (= ‘go and see how the people behave in this matter’).]

פּוּקָה f.n. tottering, staggering (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 25:31). [Formed from פּוק ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פוֹקוּס m.n. FW focus. [L. focus (= hearth) (in Vulgate L. ‘fire’), which is of uncertain origin. The word focus was introduced into mathematics by Kepler in 1604.]

פּוֹקִר adj. & m.n. heretic. [Act. part. of פָּקַר. See פקר.]

פּוֹקֶר m.n. FW poker (a card game). [Perhaps from Ger. Poch, Poche, Pochspiel, a card game resembling poker, from pochen (= to knock, rap; to brag, boast, defy). The game is so called in allusion to the boastful words of the player Ich poche (= I defy).]

פור to annul, frustrate.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיר he annulled, frustrated.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַר was annulled, was violated, was frustrated. [Related to פרר ᴵ.] Derivatives: הֲפָרָה, מוּפָר.

פּוּר m.n. lot. [Identified in the Book of Esther 3:7 and 9:24 with הַגּוֹרָל (= the lot). פּוּר meant perhaps orig. ‘a stone for casting lots’, and was borrowed from Akka. pūru, būru (= stone, urn), which itself is prob. a loan word from Sumerian bur. cp. פּוּרִים.]

פּוּרָה ᴵ f.n. 1 wine press. [Prob. derived from פור. Appearing also in Arab. fāra (= it bubbled, boiled over). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פּוּרָה ᴵᴵ MH ‘Purah’ — name of the angel of forgetfulness. [Of unknown origin.]

פּוֹרֶה adj. fruitful, fertile, prolific. [Act. part. of פָּרָה. See פּרה.] Derivative: פּוֹרִיּוּת.

פוֹרוּם m.n. FW forum. [L. forum (= public place, market place, market), prob. meaning lit. ‘a place fenced by planks’, and related to forus (= plank, board), from IE base * bhoros (= something cut, section), and to L. * barra (= beam, rafter), a word of Gaulish origin. See בַּר (= bar), and cp. ‘forum’ in my CEDEL.]

פוּרוּנְקוּל m.n. FW furuncle. [L. fūrunculus (= a petty thief; a boil, furuncle), dimin. of fūr (= thief), which is cogn. with Gk. phor (= thief), properly ‘he who carries things away’), and stands in gradational relationship to L. ferre (= to bear, carry). See ׳מֶטָפוֹרָה׳ and cp. פוּרוּנְקוּלוֹסִיס.]

פוּרוּנְקוּלוֹסִיס f.n. furunculosis (disease). [Medical L. fūrunculosis, a hybrid coined from L. fūrunculus (see פוּרוּנְקוּל) and Gk. suff. – osis (see ‘–osis’ in my CEDEL.).]

פּוֹרֵֽחַ ᴵ adj. (pl. פּוֹרְחוֹת) blooming, blossoming, flourishing. [Act. part. of פָּרַח. See פרח ᴵ.]

פּוֹרֵֽחַ ᴵᴵ adj. flying. [Act. part. of פָּרַח. See פרח ᴵ and cp. פּוֹרְחוֹת.]

פּוֹרְחוֹת f.n. pl. PBH cirrus clouds. [f. pl. of פּוֹרֵחַ. See פרח ᴵᴵ.]

פוֹרְטֶה adj. & adv. FW forte (music). [It. forte (= strong), from L. fortis, which is related to Old L. forctus, horctus (= good). These words prob. derive from IE base * bherḡh– (= high, to raise). See ‘borough’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּרְיָא, פּוּרְיָה f.n. PBH (pl. פּוּרְיָתָא) couch, bed. [Aram., borrowed from Gk. phoreion (= litter), which is related to phora (= a carrying, bringing), from the stem of pherein (= to bear, carry). See אֲנָפוֹרָה and cp. אַפִּרְיוֹן.]

פּוֹרִיּוּת f.n. NH fruitfulness, fertility. [Formed from פּוֹרֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוּרִיזְם m.n. FW purism. [Fren. purisme, from pur, from L. purus (= pure, clean), which is related to putus (= clear, pure), putāre (= to cleanse, clean). See ‘putative’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פּוּרִיזֽם see suff. ◌ִיזְם. cp. פּוּרִיטָנִי.]

פּוּרִיטָנִי adj. FW puritan. [Eng. puritan, (lit. ‘a purifier’), from L. pūritās (= cleanness, purity), from pūrus. See פּוּרִיזְם. For the ending of פּוּרִיטָנִי see suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: פּוּרִיטָנִיּוּת.

פּוּרִיטָנִיּוּת f.n. FW puritanism. [Formed from פּוּרִיטָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוּרִים m.n. ‘Purim’, the Festival occurring on the 14th of Adar and celebrating the rescue of the Jews in Persia. [See Book of Esther 9:26, 29 and 32. Orig. the pl. of פּוּר (= lot), q.v.] Derivative: פּוּרִימִי.

פּוּרִימִי adj. NH of Purim. [Formed from פּוּרִים with suff. ◌ִי.]

פוֹרְמָה f.n. FW form. [L. forma (= form, shape, figure, outline, plan, pattern), prob. borrowed from Gk. morphe (= form; see מוֹרְפֵימָה), through the medium of the Etruscans. The intermediate form was prob. *morma. See ‘form’ (n.) in my CEDEL, and cp. פוֹרְמָלִי, פוֹרֽמוּלָה, פוֹרְמָט, פוֹרְמָלִין, פוֹרְמַצְיָה, טְרַנְסְפוֹרְמָטוֹר and the second element in רֶפוֹרְמָה, פּֽלַטֽפוֹרְמָה, קוֹנְפוֹרְמִי.]

פוֹרְמוּלָה f.n. FW formula. [L. formula (= a small form, formula), dimin. of forma. See פוֹרְמָה.]

פוֹרְמָט m.n. FW format. [Fren. format, from It. formato (= form, figure), from L. formātus (= formed), p. part. of formāre (= to form), from forma. See פוֹרְמָה.]

פוֹרְמָלִי adj. FW formal. [L. formālis (= of a form, of a set form, formal), from forma (see פוֹרְמָה). For the L. ending – ālis see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL; for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פוֹרְמָלִיּוּת.

פוֹרְמָלִיּוּת f.n. FW formalism; formalities. [Formed from פוֹרְמָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פוֹרְמָלִיזְם m.n. FW formalism. [Formed from L. formālis. See פוֹרְמָלִי with suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פוֹרְמָלִין m.n. FW formalin (chemistry). [Eng. formalin, formed from the abbreviation of formaldehyde, which is compounded of form– (= formic), and aldehyde (see these words in my CEDEL.) For the ending ◌ִין see chemical suff. ‘–in’ in my CEDEL.]

פוֹרְמָלִיּסְט m.n. FW formalist. [Formed from L. formālis. See פוֹרְמָלִי and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.]

פוֹרְמַצְיָה f.n. FW formation. [L. formātiō (= a forming, shaping), from formātus, p. part. of formāre (= to form), from forma. See פוֹרְמָה and suff. ◌ִצְיָה.]

פּוּרְנָה f.n. PBH oven. [From L. furnus, also fornus (= oven), which is related to formus (= warm), and cogn. with Gk. thermos, Old Eng. wearm (= warm). See ‘warm’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹרְנוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW pornographic. [Back formation from פּוֹרֽנוֹגְרַפְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹרְנוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW pornography. [Lit. ‘a description of prostitutes’, compounded of Gk. porne (= harlot), and graphia (= description of), from graphein (= to write). Gk. porne orig. meant ‘bought, purchased’, and is related to pernemi (= I sell; properly ‘I give for equal value’), priamai (= I buy; properly ‘I take for equal value’), and cogn. with L. pār (= equal), pretium(= price). See ‘pair’ in my CEDEL. cp. פַּלְטֵר.]

פּוֹרְנִי f.n. PBH harlot. [Aram., from Gk. porne (= harlot).] Derivative: פּוֹרְנוֹגְרַפְיָה.

פּוֹרֵֽעַ m.n. NH rioter. [Subst. use of the act. p. of פָּרַע. See פרע ᴵV.]

פּוֹרְפָה f.n. PBH buckle. [Aram., from Gk. porpe (= hook).]

פּוֹרְפִירָה f.n. NH (also PBH פּוֹרְפִירָן) purple garment. [From Gk. porphyra (see פָּרְפּוּרִיָּה).]

פּוֹרֵץ adj. & n. 1 breaking through. 2 breaker, destroyer. NH 3 burglar. [Act. part. of פָּרַץ. See פרץ.] Derivative: פּוֹרְצָנִי.

פּוֹרְצָנִי adj. NH breaking through. [Formed from פּוֹרֵץ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פּוּרְקָן see פֻּרְקָן.

פּוֹרֶֽקֶת f.n. NH lighter (boat). [Subst. use of the f. act. part. of פָּרַק, (= he unloaded). See פרק.]

פּוֹרֵשׁ m.n. NH dissident. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּרַשׁ. See פרשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

פּוּרְתָּא, פֻּרְתָּא f.n. PBH a little. [Aram., lit. broken part, fragment, from פְּרַת (= he broke, split), which is related to Arab. faritha (= was split), Ethiop. ’afrasa (= he tore asunder, demolished, destroyed).]

פוֹש ᴵ to be strong, increase, spread.
    — Qal - פָּשׁ he increased, spread.
    — Niph. - נָפוֹשׁ he was scattered, was dispersed. [Prob. related to Aram. פּוּשׁ (= to increase, spread), נְפִישׁ (= numerous). Prob. related to פוץ ᴵ. Most modern commentators, however, think that the meaning of this base is ‘to spring about’.]

פושׁ ᴵᴵ ‘to rest’.
    — Qal - פָּשׁ he rested.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִישׁ he caused to rest, gave rest. [A secondary base of נפשׁ.]

פּוֹשֵׁט adj. & n. 1 stripping, removing. PBH 2 extending, spreading. [Act. part. of פָּשַׁט. See פשׁט.]

פּוֹשֵׁעַ adj. & n. 1 transgressor. NH 2 criminal. [Act. part. of פָּשַׁע. See פשׁע.] Derivatives: פּוֹשְׁעָנוּת, פּוֹשְׁעָנִי.

פּוֹשְׁעָנוּת f.n. NH criminality. [Formed from פּוֹשֵׁעַ with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

פוֹשְׁעָנִי adj. NH criminal. [Formed from פּוֹשֵׁעַ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פּוֹשֵׁר adj. & n. PBH 1 lukewarm (in the Talmud the word occurs only in the pl. and is used as a noun, פּוֹשְׁרִין, ‘lukewarm water’). NH 2 indifferent.

פּוֹת see פֹּת.

פּוֹתֶה adj. simple, foolish. [Act. part. of פָּתָה. See פתה.]

פּוֹתָה f.n. hole for a hinge (in the Bible occurring only Kin. I 7:50). [Of uncertain origin; prob. not related to פֹּת.]

פּוֹתְחָן m.n. NH can opener. [Formed from פּתח (= to open), with suff. ◌ָן.]

פּוֹתַֽחַת f.n. PBH 1 lock. NH 2 key. [Subst. use of the f. act. part. of פָּתַח. See פתח.]

פּוֹתֵר m.n. solver, interpreter. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּתַר. See פתר.]

פָּז m.n. pure gold. [Related to Aram. פִּזָּא (= pure gold), פִּזּוּזָא (= of pure gold). Of uncertain etymology.] Derivatives: פזז ᴵᴵ, פִּזּוּי.

פִּזּוּז m.n. MH dancing, leaping, skipping. [Verbal n. of פִּזֵּז, Pi. of פזז ᴵ.]

פִּזּוּי m.n. MH gilding. [From פָּז.]

פִּזּוּל m.n. NH squint, strabismus. [Verbal n. of פִּזֵּל, Pi. of פזל.]

פִּזּוּם m.n. NH humming (a tune). [Verbal n. of פִּזֵּם, Pi. of פזם.]

פָּזוּר adj. scattered, dispersed (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 3:17 in the f. form פְּזוּרָה). [Pass. part. of פָּזַר. See פזר.] Derivative: פְּזוּרָה.

פִּזּוּר m.n. PBH scattering, dispersal, dispersion. [Verbal n. of פִּזֵּר, Pi. of פזר.]

פְּזוּרָה f.n. MH dispersion; the Diaspora. [Subst. use of the f. pass. part. of פָּזַר. See פזר.]

פזז ᴵ to move quickly, be agile, be supple.
    — Qal - פָּזַז 1 he moved quickly, was agile, was supple (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 49:24 in the form וַיָּפֹזוּ); PBH 2 it jingled, rustled.
    — Pi. - פִּזֵּז he leaped, danced (in the Bible occurring only Sam. II 6:16). [Aram. פְּזִיזָא (= hasty), Syr. פַז (= he leaped, frisked), פַּזִּיזָא (= agile, nimble, frisky), Arab. fazza (= he jumped up, started). cp. פְּזִיזָא.] Derivatives: פִּזּוּי, פַּזְּזָן, פָּזִיז.

פזז ᴵᴵ to be gilded, be purified.
    — Hiph. - הֵפֵז he purified, gilded.
    — Hoph. - הוּפָז 1 it was purified; NH 2 it was gilded. See מוּפָז. [Denominated from פָּז.] Derivative: הֲפָזָה.

פַּזְּזָן adj. NH dancing. [From פזז ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.]

פָּזִיז adj. NH hasty, rash; fickle, fickle-minded. [From Aram. פְּזִיזָא (q.v.).]

פְּזִיזָא adj. PBH (pl. פְּזִיזִין) overhasty, rash. [Aram., from פזז ᴵ. cp. פְּזִיזוּת.]

פְּזִיזוּת f.n. NH 1 haste, rashness. 2 fickleness, fickle-mindedness. [Formed from פָּזִיז with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. פְּזִיזוּתָא (= haste, rashness).]

פְּזִילָה f.n. NH squinting. [Verbal n. of פָּזַל. See פזל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּזִימָה f.n. NH humming a tune. [Verbal n. of פָּזַם. See פזם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פזל to squint.
    — Qal - פַָּזַל he squinted.
    — Niph. - נִפְזַל he became squint-eyed.
    — Hiph. - הִפְזִיל he cast a squinting glance. [Of unknown etymology.] Derivatives: פַּזְלָן, פַּזֶּלֶת, פִּזּוּל, פְּזִילָה, פּוֹזֵל.

פַּזְלָן m.n. NH a squint-eyed person. [Formed from פזל with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּזְלָנוּת, פַּזְלָנִי.

פַּזְלָנוּת f.n. NH squinting, strabismus. [Formed from פַּזְלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּזְלָנִי adj. NH squint-eyed. [Formed from פַּזְלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּזֶּֽלֶת f.n. NH squint-eyedness, strabismus. [Coined from פּזל (= to squint), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פזם to sing.
    — Qal - פָּזַם he sang, hummed (a tune).
    — Pi. - פִּזֵּם (of s.m.).
    — Pu. - פֻּזַּם was sung, was hummed.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּזֵּם was humming in one’s mind. [From Aram. פַּזֵּם (= he praised), a verb denominated from פַּזְמָא, פִּזְמָא (= song, hymn), which is prob. a loan word from Gk. psalmos (= plucking, twitching, of the harp), whence ‘song, psalm’, from psallein (= to pluck, twitch the harp, to play on a stringed instrument). According to some scholars Aram. פַּזְמָא is Sem. And related to Ethiop. wāzēmā (= ecclesiastic hymn). cp. פִּזְמוֹן. cp. also פְּסַנְתֵּר and שַׁלְמוֹנִית.] Derivatives: פִּזּוּם, פְּזִימָה.

פִּזְמוֹן m.n. (pl. פִּזְמוֹנִים, also פִּזְמוֹנוֹת) MH 1 liturgical hymn. MH 2 refrain. NH 3 popular song, chanson. [From Aram. פִּזְמָא (see פזם). For the ending see suff. ◌וֹן ᴵⱽ.] Derivative: פזמן.

פִּזְמוּן m.n. NH writing or performing popular songs or chansons. [Verbal n. of פִּזְמֵן. See פזמן.]

פִּזְמוֹנָאוּת f.n. NH song writing. [From פִּזְמוֹן with suff. ◌ָאוּת.]

פִּזְמוֹנַאי m.n. NH 1 song writer. 2 songster. [Formed from פִּזְמוֹן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

פזמן to write (or sing) songs.
    — Pi. - פִּזְמֵן he wrote (or sang) songs. [Denominated from פִּזְמוֹן.]

פֻּזְמָק see פּוּזְמָק.

פזמק to make wear socks or stockings.
    — Pi. - פִּזְמֵק he made someone wear socks or stockings, socked, stockinged.
    — Pu. - פֻּזְמַק was made to wear socks or stockings, was socked, was stockinged. [Denominated from פּוּזְמָק.] Derivatives: פִּזְמוּק, מְפֻזְמָק.

פזר to scatter, disperse.
    — Qal - פָּזַר he scattered, dispersed.
    — Niph. - נִפְזַר was scattered, dispersed (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 141:7).
    — Pi. - פִּזֵּר 1 he scattered, dispersed; 2 he lavished, squandered.
    — Pu. - פֻּזַּר was scattered, was dispersed (in the Bible occurring only Est. 3:8 in the part.; see מְפֻזָּר).
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּזֵּר was scattered, was dispersed. [Aram.–Syr. בַּדַּר, also BAram., (= he scattered), Arab. fazara (= he rent, slit; he separated, dispersed), related to the bases בזר, בדר. Arab. badhara, also bazara (= he sowed, disseminated), is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: פִּזָּרוֹן, פַּזְּרָן, פִּזּוּר, הִתְפַּזְּרוּת, מִפְזָר, תִּפְזֹרֶת. cp. פָּזֵר.

פָּזֵר m.n. MH ‘pazer’, name of a disjuncture accent placed over the word; its form is ◌֡. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from Aram. פִּזְרָא (= stick), which prob. meant originally ‘that which is used to scatter or drive off (intruders)’, and derives from פזר.]

פִּזָּרוֹן m.n. (pl. פִּזְרוֹנִים, also פִּזְרוֹנוֹת) MH 1 scattering, dispersion. NH 2 prodigality, lavishness. [Formed from פזר with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פַּזְּרָן m.n. NH squanderer, spendthrift, an extravagant person. [Formed from פִּזֵּר, Pi. of פזר, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּזְּרָנוּת, פַּזְּרָנִי.

פַּזְּרָנוּת f.n. MH squandering, extravagant. [Formed from פַּזְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּזְּרָנִי adj. NH squandering, extravagant. [Formed from פַּזְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּח ᴵ m.n. 1 plate of metal. NH 2 tin. Derivatives: פַּחוֹן, פֶּחָח, פַּחִית.

פַּח ᴵᴵ snare, trap. [From base פחח, whence also Aram.–Syr. פַּחָא, prob. also Akka. paḫu. Arab. faḫḫ is an Aram. loan word.]

פָּח m.n. PBH (in the phrase פָּחֵי־נֶפֶשׁ)disappointment. [Prob. derived from פוח.]

פחד to dread, fear, be in awe.
    — Qal - פָּחַד he dreaded, feared, was in awe.
    — Niph. - נִפְחַד was frightened.
    — Pi. - פִּחֵד 1 he was in great dread; MH 2 he frightened.
    — Pu. - פֻּחַד PBH 1 was frightened, was alarmed; MH 2 he was dreaded, was feared.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּחֵד was frightened.
    — Hiph. - הִפְחִיד he filled with dread, frightened.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְחֵד was frightened. [Aram. פְּחַד (= he dreaded, feared).] Derivatives: פַּחַד ᴵ, פַּחְדוּת, פָּחוּד, פְּחִידָה, הַפְחָדָה, הִתְפַּחֲדוּת, מֻפְחָד, מְפֻחָד.

פַּֽחַד ᴵ m.n. 1 dread, fright, terror, fear. 2 object of fear. [From פחד. cp. פַּחְדָּה.]

פַּֽחַד ᴵᴵ m.n. (dual פַּחֲדַיִם) thigh (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 40:17 in the form פַּחֲדָיו). [Related to Arab. faḫidh, Syr. פּוּחְדָא (= thigh).]

פַּחְדָּה, פְּחָדָה f.n. dread, fear, awe (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:19). [A secondary form of פַּחַד ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּחְדוּת f.n. PBH dread, fear. [Formed from פחד with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחְדָן adj. MH timid, cowardly. [Formed from פַּחַד ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּחְדָנוּת, פַּחְדָנִי.

פַּחְדָנוּת f.n. NH timidity. [Formed from פַּחְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחְדָנִי adj. NH cowardly. [Formed from פַּחְדָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פֶּחָה m.n. (pl. פַּחוֹת) 1 governor. NH 2 pasha. [A loan word from Akka. paḫātu (= governor), shortened from bēl paḥāti (= lord of a district). cp. פֶּחָם ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: פַּחֲוָה.

פָּחוּד adj. MH frightened, terrified, afraid. [Pass. part. of פָּחַד. See פחד.]

פַּחֲוָה f.n. 1 province under the rule of a governor. NH 2 pashalik. [The word occurs Ez. 8:36 in the phrase פַּחֲווֹת עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר, which is rendered ‘the provinces beyond the river’. However, according to most scholars פַּחֲווֹת is the c. st. of the pl. of פֶּחָה and the phrase really means ‘the governors beyond the river’.]

פָּחוּז adj. MH hasty. [Pass. part. of פָּחַז. See פחז.] Derivative: פְּחִיזוּת.

פִּחוּם m.n. NH carbonization. [Verbal n. of פִּחֵם, Pi. of פחם.]

פַּחוֹן m.n. NH tin hut. [Formed from פַּח ᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

פָּחוּס adj. squeezed, flattened, flat. [Pass. part. of פָּחַס. See פחס.] Derivative: פְּחִיסוּת.

פָּחוּת adj. PBH inferior. [Pass. part. of פָּחַת. See פחת.] Derivative: פְּחִיתוּת.

פָּחוֹת adv. PBH less. [From פחת. It is very probable that the correct form of the word is פָּחוּת, which is nothing but the pass. part. of פָּחַת (see פָּחוּת). However, according to some scholars the proper form of the word is פָּחוֹת. Such is also the pronunciation of the Sephardim. The differentiation between פָּחוּת (adj.) and פָּחוֹת (adv.) is arbitrary.]

פִּחוּת m.n. MH reduction, devaluation. [Verbal n. of פִּחֵת, Pi. of פחת.]

פחז to be wanton, be reckless.
    — Qal - פָּחַז 1 was wanton, was reckless (in the Bible occurring only Jud. 9:4 and Zeph. 3:4); NH 2 he hastened, was in a hurry.
    — Pi. - פּֽחֵז was boastful.
    — Hiph. - הִפְּחִיז he made (a person) reckless. [Aram. פְּחַז (= he was wanton, was reckless), Syr. פַּחֵז (= he acted lewdly), פַּחְזָא (= wanton, lascivious), Arab. faḫaza (= was boastful; orig. ‘it foamed’). The original meaning of this base prob. was ‘to swell, to rise’. In some meanings this base appears as a metathesized form of חפז.] Derivatives: פַּחַז, פַּחֲזוּת, פַּהֲזָן, פַּחֲזָנִית, פָּחוּז, פְּחִיזָה, פּוֹחֵז.

פַּֽחַז m.n. 1 wantonness, recklessness, instability (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 49:4). NH 2 haste. [From פחז.] Derivative: פַּחֲזָה.

פַּחֲזָה f.n. NH wantonness, recklessness. [From פַּחַז. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּחֲזוּת f.n. wantonness, recklessness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 23:32 in the suffixed form פַּחֲזוּתָם). [Formed from פחז with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחֲזָן m.n. NH a wanton or reckless person. [Formed from פחז with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּחֲזָנוּת, פַּחֲזָנִי.

פַּחֲזָנוּת f.n. NH wantonness, recklessness. [Formed from פַּחֲזָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחֲזָנִי adj. NH wanton, reckless. [Formed from פַּחֲזָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחֲזָנִית f.n. NH cream puff. [Formed from פחז with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

פחח to trap, ensnare.
    — Hiph. - הֵפַח he trapped, ensnared (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 42:22 in the inf. הָפֵחַ). [Base of פַּח ᴵᴵ.]

פֶּחָח m.n. NH tinsmith. [Nomen opificis, formed from פַּח ᴵ.] Derivatives: פֶּחָחוּת, פֶּחָחִיָּה.

פֶּחָחוּת f.n. NH tinsmithing. [Formed from פֶּחָח with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֶּחָחִיָּה f.n. NH tinsmithy. [Formed from פֶּחָח with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פְּחִידָה f.n. fear, dread. [Verbal n. of פָּחַד. See פחד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּחִיזָה f.n. MH wantonness, recklessness. [Verbal n. of פָּחַז. See פחז and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּחִיזוּת f.n. MH wantonness, recklessness. [Formed from פָּחוּז with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּחֵי־נֶפֶשׁ see פָּח.

פְּחִיסָה f.n. MH squeezing, flattening. [Verbal n. of פָּחַס. See פחס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּחִיסוּת f.n. NH being flattened. [Formed from פָּחוּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחִית f.n. NH 1 a small plate. 2 a tin can. [Formed from פַּח ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

פְּחִיתָה m.n. PBH 1 digging, boring. MH 2 decrease, lessening. [Verbal n. of פָּחַת. See פחת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּחִיתוּת f.n. MH 1 decrease, lessening. 2 disparagement. [Formed from פָּחוּת with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֹּֽחַל m.n. PBH (pl. פָּחֳלִין, inexactly פּוּחְלִין) a loaded double bag put on the back of an ass or a camel. [It occurs in the Tosephta in the pl. form פָּחֳלִין (cp. עֳקָצִין, pl. of עֹקֶץ). Prob. related to Syr. פָּחְלָא, פָּחְלְתָא, Akka. puḫalu (= testicle); the bag having been called פֹּחַל in allusion to its shape suggestive of testicles.]

פִּחְלוּץ m.n. NH stuffing (of an animal). [Verbal n. of פִּחְלֵץ. See פחלץ.]

פחלץ to stuff (an animal).
    — Pi. - פִּחְלֵץ he stuffed (an animal).
    — Pu. - פֻּחְלַץ was stuffed (said of an animal). [Denominated from פּוּחְלָץ.] Derivatives: פִּחְלוּץ, מְפֻחְלָץ.

פֶּחָם ᴵ m.n. 1 charcoal, coal. PBH 2 soot. [Related to Syr. פַּחְמָא, Ugar. pḥm, Arab. faḥm, Ethiop. feḥm (= charcoal), Akka. pēntu (= coal). These words derive ultimately from פוח or נפח (= to blow).] Derivatives: פחם, פַּחֲמוֹן, פֶּחָמִי, פַּחְמָן, פַּחֶמֶת.

פֶּחָם ᴵᴵ m.n. governor (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Neh. 5:14). [A secondary form of פֶּחָה. However, it is possible that פֶּחָם is a suffixed form of פֶּחָה and means ‘their governor’.]

פחם to blacken, make charcoal.
    — Pi. - פִּחֵם PBH 1 blackened; NH 2 he made charcoal; NH 3 he removed coal, decarbonized (first used in this sense by H.N. Bialik).
    — Pu. - פֻּחַם 1 was blackened; 2 was carbonized, became charcoal.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּחֵם PBH 1 was blackened; NH 2 was carbonized, became charcoal; NH 3 was electrocuted.
    — Niph. - נִפְחַם 1 was blackened; 2 was carbonized, became charcoal.
    — Hiph. - הִפְחִים he blackened. [Denominated from פֶּחָם ᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּחוּם, הַפְחָמָה, הִתְפַּחֲמוּת, מְפֻחָם.

פַּחְמָה f.n. NH carbonate (chemistry). [From פַּחְמָן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: פַּחְמָתִי.

פַּחֲמוֹן m.n. NH ustilago. [From פֶּחָם ᴵ.]

פִּחְמוּן m.n. NH carbonization. [Verbal n. of פִּחְמֵן, Pi. of פחמן.]

פֶּחָמִי m.n. (pl. פֶּחָמִים) PBH 1 charcoal burner. MH 2 smith. [Formed from פֶּחָם with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחְמִי adj. NH carbonic. [Formed from פֶּחָם ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחְמֵימָה f.n. NH carbohydrate (chemistry). [Contraction of פַּחְמָן (= carbon), and מֵימָה (= hydrate).] Derivative: פַּחְמֵימָתִי.

פַּחְמֵימָן m.n. NH hydrocarbon (chemistry). [Contraction of פַּחְמָן (= carbon), and מֵימָן (= hydrogen).]

פַּחְמֵימָתִי adj. NH carbohydrous. [Formed from פַּחְמֵימָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחְמָן m.n. NH carbon (chemistry). [Formed from פָּחָם ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פּחמן, פַּחֽמָה, פַּחְמָנִי.

פחמן to carbonize.
    — Pi. - פִּחְמֵן he carbonized.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּחְמֵן was carbonized. [Denominated from פַּחְמָן.] Derivative: פִּחְמוּן.

פַּחְמָנִי adj. NH carbonic. [Formed from פַּחְמָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחֶֽמֶת f.n. NH anthrax (disease). [Coined from פֶּחָם (= coal), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פַּחְמָתִי adj. NH carbonaceous. [Formed from פַּחְמָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פחס to squeeze, flatten.
    — Qal - פָּחַס he squeezed, flattened.
    — Niph. - נִפְחַס was squeezed, was flattened.
    — Pi. - פִּחֵס he squeezed, flattened.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּחֵס was squeezed, was flattened. [Aram. פְּחַשׁ (= he squeezed). Of uncertain etymology.] Derivatives: פָּחוּס, פְּחִיסָה.

פִּחְפּֽוּחַ m.n. NH blowing. [Verbal n. of פחפח.]

פחפח to blow.
    — Pi. - פִּחְפַּח he blew. [Pilp. of פוח.] Derivative: פִּחְפּוּחַ.

פֶּחָר m.n. 1 potter. MH 2 earthen vessel. [From BAram. פֶּחָר, which together with Aram. פַּחָר, Syr. פַּחָרָא, is prob. borrowed from Akka. paḫ(ḫ)āru (= potter). Arab. faḫḫārī (= potter) is borrowed from Aram. cp. פּוֹחֵר.] Derivative: פחר.

פחר to burn pottery.
    — Qal - פָּחַר he burned (pottery).
    — Pi. - פִּחֵר (of s.m.).
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּחֵר was burned (said of pottery). [Denominated from פֶּחָר.]

פחת to dig, hollow; to diminish.
    — Qal - פָּחַת tr. & intr. v. 1 he dug, hollowed out; 2 he reduced, lessened, diminished; 3 was reduced, was lessened, was diminished.
    — Niph. - נִפְחַת PBH 1 was reduced, was lessened, was diminished; NH 2 was subtracted; PBH 3 was spoiled.
    — Pi. - פִּחֵת PBH 1 he reduced, lessened, decreased, made smaller; NH 2 he devaluated.
    — Pu. - פֻּחַת was reduced, was lessened, was decreased.
    — Hiph. - הִפְחִית NH 1 he reduced, lessened, decreased; PBH 2 he damaged; PBH 3 was damaged.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְחַת was reduced, was lessened, was decreased. [Syr. פְּחֵת (= he dug, burrowed), פַּחֵת (= he pierced, broke through), Arab. faḫata (= he cut off). Prob. related also to Akka. patāḫu (= to bore), and to פתח ᴵᴵ (q.v.). Base of פַּחַת and פְּחֶתֶת.] Derivatives: פְּחָת, פַּחְתִּי, פָּחוּת, פָּחוֹת, פִּחוּת, פְּחִיתָה, הַפְחָתָה, הִפָּחֲתוּת, הִתְפַּחֲתוּת, מֻפְחָת, מַפְחֵת.

פַּֽחַת m. & f.n. (pl. פְּחָתִים) pit. [From פחת, whence also Aram. פַּחְתָּא, Syr. פֶּחְתָּא (= pit).]

פְּחָת m.n. PBH 1 decrease, diminution. NH 2 loss. NH 3 depreciation, amortization. [From פחת.]

פַּחְתִּי adj. MH defective. [Formed from פַּחַת with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּחֶֽתֶת f.n. 1 sunken spot — in leprosy (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 13:55). NH 2 defect, fault. [From פחת.]

פַּט m.n. FW stalemate. [From It. patta (= agreement, coercion).]

פִּטְדָה f.n. a precious stone, prob. the ‘topaz’. [Prob. a loan word from Old I. pītaḥ (= topaz; lit.: ‘the yellow’), which is of uncertain origin.]

פָטָה־מוֹרְגָנָה m.n. FW fata morgana. [It. fata morgana, a name orig. given to the mirages that are often to be seen in the streets of Messina. The name lit. means ‘the fairy Morgana’. For the etymology of It. fata, see פֵיָה. Morgana derives from Arab. marjān (= pearl), used also as a female name, and is to be explained from the Arabic popular belief which ascribes mirages to the work of the sorceress Marjā́n. See פָטָלִי and מַרְגָּנִית.]

פְּטוֹטֶֽרֶת f.n. PBH 1 stem or stalk of fruit. NH 2 petiole (botany). [Prob. standing for פְּטַרְטֶרֶת and derived from פטר (= to break open). See פָּטוּר. cp. חֲצוֹצֶרֶת (= trumpet), which prob. stands for חֲצַרְצֶרֶת (from base חצר), and שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת (= tube), which stands for שְׁפַרְפֶּרֶת (dimin. from שׁוֹפָר).]

פָּטוּם adj. PBH 1 fattened, stuffed. MH 2 mixed, compounded (incense). NH 3 filled (pipe). [From פטם.]

פִּטּוּם m.n. NH 1 fattening, stuffing. PBH 2 mixing or compounding (incense). NH 3 filling (a pipe). [Verbal n. of פִּטֵּם, Pi. of פטם.]

פֶּטוּנְיָה f.n. FW Petunia (a genus of plants). [Modern L. petunia, from Fren. petun (= tobacco plant), from Portuguese petum(e), from Guarani petī. For the ending of petunia see first suff. ‘-ia’ in my CEDEL.]

פָּטוּר ᴵ m.n. open blossom (occurring Kin. I 6:18, 27, 32, 35, in the phrase פְּטוּרֵי צִיצִים). [Pass. part. of פָּטַר (= it broke open). See פטר.]

פָּטוּר ᴵᴵ adj. exempt, free (in the Bible occurring only Chron. I 9:33). [Pass. part. of פָּטַר. See פטר and cp. פָּטוּר ᴵ.]

פִּטּוֹר m.n. PBH a word of uncertain origin and meaning; usually rendered by ‘rope’ or by ‘tumor’.

פִּטּוּר m.n. (mostly used in the pl. פִּטּוּרִים) 1 exemption. 2 divorce. 3 dismissal, discharge. [Verbal n. of פִּטֵּר, Pi. of פטר.]

פְּטוֹר m.n. PBH 1 quittance. NH 2 exemption, remission. [From פטר.]

פטט to prattle, chatter, babble.
    — Pi. - פִּטֵּט he prattled, chattered, babbled.
    — Pilp. - פִּטְפֵּט (see פִּטְפֵּט). [The orig. meaning of this imitative base is ‘to gabble’. cp. Arab. baṭbaṭa (= it quacked), baṭṭ (= duck), which are also imitative words.] Derivative: פַּטָּט.

פַּטָּט m.n. PBH prattler, chatterer, babbler. [From פִּטֵּט. See פטט and cp. פַּטִּיט.]

פַּטִּיט m.n. PBH prattler, chatterer, babbler. [A secondary form of פַּטָּט.]

פֶּטִיט m.n. FW petit (small typeface). [Fren. petit (= small, little), from a base of imitative origin, expressive of littleness in infant’s language.]

פְּטִילְיָּה f.n. PBH a small pan. [From L. patella (= small pan or dish, kneepan), dimin. of patina, patena (= a broad, shallow dish or pan), from Gk. patene (of s.m.).]

פַּטִּים m.n. PBH fat, fatling. [From פִּטֵּם, Pi. of פטם. cp. Aram. פַּטִּימָא (= fat).]

פְּטִימָה f.n. NH fattening, stuffing. [Verbal n. of פָּטַם. See פטם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פֶּטִיצְיָה f.n. FW petition. [Fren. pétition, from L. petitiō (= attack, request, petition), from petitus, p. part. of petere (= to fall upon, rush at, attack, assail; to seek, ask, request), whence appetere (= to strive after), competere (= to strive after something in company), impetus (= attack), from IE base * pet– (= to fly; to fall upon). See ‘feather’ in my CEDEL and cp. the second element in צֶנְטֽרִיפֶּטָלִי and in קוֹמְפֶּטֶנְטִי. cp. also סִימְפְּטוֹם.]

פְּטִירָה f.n. PBH 1 departure. 2 death (short for פְּטִירָה מִן הָעוֹלָם). [Verbal n. of פָּטַר. See פטר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּטִּישׁ m.n. hammer (in the Bible occurring only Is. 41:7; Jer. 23:29 and 50:23). [Related to Aram. פַּטִּישָׁא, Arab. fittīs (= hammer), fiṭṭīsa (= swine’s snout; so called after its shape), and to Syr. פַּטְשָׁא (= snub-nosed, flat-nosed).] Derivative: פַּטִּישׁוֹן.

פֶטִישׁ m.n. FW fetish. [Fren. fétiche, from Portuguese feitiço, from L. factīcius (= made by art), from faciō, facere (= to make). See פַקְטוֹר.] Derivative: פֶטִישִׁיזְם.

פַּטִּישׁוֹן m.n. NH a small hammer. [Formed from פַּטִּישׁ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פֶטִישִׁיזְם m.n. FW fetishism. [Formed from פֶטִישׁ with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פֶּֽטֶל m.n. NH raspberry. [From Syr. פְּטַל.]

פָטָלִי adj. FW fatal. [Fren. fatal, from L. fātālis (= ordained by fate), from fātum (= oracle, fate, destiny; lit.: ‘that which is spoken’). See פַבּוּלָה and cp. פָטָה־מוֹרְגָנָה and פֵיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: פָטָלִיוּת, פָטָלִיזְם, פָטָלִיסְט.

פָטָלִיּוּת f.n. FW fatalism. [Formed from פָטָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָטָלִיזְם m.n. FW fatalism. [See פָטָלִי and suff. ◌ִזְם.]

פָטָלִיסְט m.n. FW fatalist. [See פָטָלִי and suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

פטם to fatten, stuff.
    — Pi. - פִּטֵּם 1 he fattened, stuffed; 2 he mixed or compounded (ingredients); 3 he filled, crammed.
    — Pu. - פֻּטַּם PBH 1 was fattened, was stuffed; PBH 2 was mixed, was compounded; NH 3 was filled.
    — Niph. - נִפְטַם was fattened, was stuffed.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּטֵּם he stuffed himself, crammed himself, overate. [Aram.–Syr. פַּטֵּם (= he fattened, stuffed), whence Aram. פִּטְמָא, Syr. פֶּטְמָא (= fatness).] Derivatives: פַּטָּם, פֶּטֶם, פְּטָם, פִּטְמָה, פִּטֹּמֶת, פָּטוּם, פִּטּוּם, פַּטִּים, פְּטִימָה, מֽפֻטָּם, מִפְטָמָה.

פַּטָּם m.n. PBH 1 fattener. 2 spicer, druggist. [Nomen opificis formed from פִּטֵּם, Pi. of פטם.]

פֶּֽטֶם m.n. PBH ingredients (for frankincense). [From פטם.]

פְּטָם m.n. PBH fattened ox. [From פטם.]

פִּטָּם, פִּטְמָה f.n. PBH 1 small protuberance on the blossom-end of fruits. NH 2 nipple. [From Aram. פִּטְמָא (= small protuberance on the blossom-end of fruits), a noun derived from פטם and lit. meaning ‘something thick’. cp. פִּטֹּמֶת.] Derivative: פִּטְמִית.

פִּטְמִית m.n. NH papilla. [Dimin. formed from פִּטְמָה.]

פִּטֹּֽמֶת f.n. PBH the ring round the nipple (of the breast). [A secondary form of פִּטְמָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

פָּטֶנְט m.n. FW patent. [Fren. patent, from L. patēns, pres. part. of patēre (= to lie open), which is related to patulus (= extended, open), and cogn. with Gk. petannunai (= to spread out), from IE base * pet– (= to spread). See ‘fathom’ (n.) in my CEDEL and cp. פַּסָּט.]

פִּטָּס m.n. PBH cask, tub. [From Gk. pithos (= a large wine jar), which is cogn. with L. fidēlia (= clay vessel; orig. ‘anything tied up together’), fiscus (= woven basket, purse; treasury). See פִיסְקָלִי.]

פִּטְפּוּט ᴵ m.n. PBH leg of a tripod. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps reduplication formed from Gk. pous (= foot), for whose etymology see פֶּדָר.]

פִּטְפּוּט ᴵᴵ m.n. MH prattle, chatter, babble. [Verbal n. of פִּטְפֵּט. See פטפט.]

פטפט to prattle, chatter.
    — Pilp. - פִּטְפֵּט 1 he prattled, chattered, babbled; 2 he argued. [Pilp. of פטט. For other Pilp. verbs formed from ע״ע verbs cp. בזבז and words there referred to.] Derivatives: פִּטֽפּוּט ᴵᴵ, פַּטֽפּֽטָן.

פַּטְפְּטָן m.n. PBH prattler, babbler, chatterbox. [Formed from פטפט with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּטְפְּטָנוּת, פַּטְפְּטָנִי.

פַּטְפְּטָנוּת f.n. NH chatter, babble. [Formed from פַּטֽפּֽטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּטְפְּטָנִי adj. NH prattling, chattering, babbling. [Formed from פַּטְפְּטָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פטר to open, break open; to separate, remove, set free.
    — Qal - פָּטַר 1 he set free, released, let out, dismissed; 2 they removed themselves, escaped; PBH 3 he discharged acquitted, exempted.
    — Niph. - נִפְטַר 1 was exempted, was set free; 2 he took leave, departed; 3 he departed this world, died (short for נִפְטַר מִן הָעוֹלָם).
    — Pi. - פִּטֵּר he dismissed, discharged.
    — Pu. - פֻּטַּר was dismissed, was discharged.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּטֵּר MH 1 was exempted, was set free; MH 2 he took leave, departed; NH 3 he resigned, tendered his resignation.
    — Hiph. - הִפְטִיר 1 he opened wide; PBH 2 he exempted, set free, dismissed; 3 he concluded. [Aram. פטר (= he freed, dismissed, let go), Syr. פְּטַר (= he left, went away, withdrew, departed), Arab. faṭara (= he cleft, split; he created), Ethiop. faṭara (= he created), Akka. paṭāru (= to split; to buy off, ransom, redeem), ipṭiru (= ranson). For the sense development of פטר cp. פצה and פקח.] Derivatives: פֶּטֶר, פְּטֹרֶת, פָּטוּר ᴵ, פָּטוּר ᴵᴵ, פִּטּוּר, פְּטוֹר, פְּטִירָה, הֶפְטֵר, הַפְטָרָה, הִפָּטְרוּת, הִתְפַּטְּרוּת, הִתְפֻּטְּרוּת, מַפְטִיר, מְפֻטָּר, תַּפְטִיר. cp. אַפְטָרָה. cp. also פְּטוֹטֶרֶת.

פֶּֽטֶר m.n. 1 that which first opens. NH 2 opening. NH 3 beginning. [From פטר. cp. פִּטְרָה.]

פִּטְרָה f.n. opening (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 8:16 in the phrase פִּטְרֵת כָּל־רֶחֶם, ‘that which opens the womb, firstborn’). [A secondary form of פֶּטֶר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּטְרוֹל m.n. FW patrol. [Fren. patrouille, back formation from patrouiller (= to trample, paddle in mud), which is a var. of patouiller, from patte (= paw, foot). See ‘patten’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to.] Derivative: פטרל.

פִּטְרוּל m.n. NH patrolling. [Verbal n. of פִּטְרֵל. See פטרל.]

פֶּטְרוֹל m.n. FW petrol. [Fren. pétrole, from Med. L. petroleum. See פֶּטְרוֹלֵיאוּם.]

פֶּטְרוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW petrology. [Compounded of Gk. petra (= rock), which is of uncertain origin, and logia, from logos. cp. the first element in פֶּטְרוֹסִילְיָה. For the etymology of logos see לוֹגוֹס.]

פֶּטְרוֹלֵיאוּם m.n. FW petroleum. [Med. L. petroleum, which is compounded of Gk. petra (= rock) and L. oleum (= oil). Gk. petra is of uncertain origin. L. oleum derives from Gk. elaion (= olive oil), which is prob. of Aegean (most likely Cretan) origin. See ‘oil’ in my CEDEL. cp. פֶּטְרוֹל.]

פַּטְרוֹן m.n. PBH 1 patron. NH 2 guardian. [Fren. patron, from L. patrōnus (= protector), from pater (= father), which is cogn. with Old I. pitár–, Gk. pater, Gothic fadar, etc. All these words are traceable to pa, a child’s word for father. cp. אָב ᴵ. cp. also פַּטְרִיּוֹט, פַּטְרִיצִי, and the first element in פַּטְרִיאַרְךְ.] Derivative: פַּטְרוֹנוּת.

פַּטְרוֹנוּת f.n. NH 1 patronage. 2 guardianship. [Formed from פַּטְרוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֶּטְרוֹסִילְיָה f.n. FW (also פֶּטְרוֹסְלִינוֹן in PBH) petroselinum, parsley. [From Gk. petroselinon (= rock parsley), which is compounded of petra (= rock; see פֶּטְרוֹלוֹגְיָה), and selinon (= celery), a word of unknown etymology.]

פַּטְרִיאַרְךְ m.n. FW patriarch. [Late L. patriarcha, from Gk. patriarches (= father of a race), from patri (= family lineage), and arches (= leader). The first element derives from pater (= father; see פַּטְרוֹן). The second element is related to archos (= leader, chief, ruler; see אַרְכִי.]

פַּטְרִיאַרְכָט m.n. FW patriarchate. [Med. L. patriarchātus, from Late L. patriarcha (see פַּטְרִיאַרְךְ). For the ending see subst. suff. ‘–ate’ in my CEDEL.]

פַּטְרִיאַרְכָלִי adj. FW patriarchal. [Late L. patriarchālis, from patriarcha (see פַּטְרִיאַרְךְ). For the ending see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פַּטְרִיאַרְכָלִיּוּת.

פַּטְרִיאַרְכָלִיּוּת f.n. FW patriarchalism. [Formed from פַּטְרִיאַרֽכָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּטְרִיָּה f.n. PBH fungus, mushroom. [Related to Arab. futr (= fungi, mushrooms). Derivatives: פַּטֶּרֶת, תַּפְטִיר.

פַּטְרִיּוֹט m.n. FW patriot. [Late L. patriōta, from Gk. patriotes (= fellow countryman), from patrios (= of one’s fathers), from pater (= father). See פַּטְרוֹן.] Derivative: פַּטְרִיּוֹטִי.

פַּטְרִיּוֹטִי adj. FW patriotic. [See פַּטְרִיּוֹט and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פַּטְרִיּוֹטִיּוּת.

פַּטְרִיּוֹטִיּוּת f.n. FW patriotism. [Formed from פַּטְרִיּוֹטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּטְרִיּוֹטִיזְם m.n. FW patriotism. [See פַּטְרִיּוֹט and suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פַּטְרִיצִי m.n. FW patrician. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי From L. patricius (= of the rank of the patres or fathers, i.e. senators; patrician, noble), from patrēs (= fathers, senators), pl. of pater. See פַּטְרוֹן.]

פטרל to patrol.
    — Pi. - פִּטְרֵל he patroled. [Denominated from פַּטְרוֹל.] Derivative: פִּטֽרוּל.

פִּטֹּֽרֶת f.n. PBH (pl. פִּטּוֹרוֹת) excuse. [Formed from פִּטֵּר, Pi. of פטר, with suff. ◌ֶת.]

פַּטֶּֽרֶת f.n. NH mycosis, fungus disease. [Coined from פִּטְרִיָּה (= fungus, mushroom), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פִּי c. st. of פֶּה (= mouth).

פֵּי f.n. PBH (pl. פֵּאִין, also פֵּפִין, פֵּיפִין) . ‘Pe’ — a secondary form of פֵּא.

פֵיאוֹדָל m.n. FW feudal lord. [From Med. L. feudālis, from feudum, from feum, a word of Teutonic origin. cp. Gothic faíhu (= property), and see ‘fee’ (in both senses) in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פֵיאוֹדָלִי.

פֵיאוֹדָלִי adj. FW feudal. [Formed from פֵיאוֹדָל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פֵיאוֹדָלִיּוּת.

פֵיאוֹדָלִיּוּת f.n. FW feudalism. [Formed from פֵיאוֹדָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֵיאוֹדָלִיזְם m.n. FW feudalism. [See פֵיאוֹדָל and suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פְּיָאנוֹ adv. FW piano (music). [It. piano, from L. plānus (= flat, smooth, even), later used also in the sense of ‘soft’, which derives from IE base *p(e)lā (= broad, flat, spread out). See פְּלָנִימֶטֶר and cp. פְּיָאנִסִּימוֹ.]

פְּיאָנִסִּימוֹ adj. FW pianissimo (music). [It. pianissimo, superlative of piano. See פְּיָאנוֹ.]

פיג to remove, to weaken. [Pi. of פוג (q.v.).]

פִּיֵּג see פוג.

פֵּיגָם m.n. PBH the herb rue. [From Gk. peganon (= the herb rue), which is prob. related to pegnunai (= to make firm); from IE base *pāĝ–, * pāk̑– (= to join together). See פָּצִיפִיזְם.]