פ The seventeenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet. The name of the letter ‘Pe’ is prob. derived from פֶּה (= mouth), and so called in allusion to the ancient form of this letter. It has a final form ף. In PBH פ has the numerical value of eighty and ף has the numerical value of eight hundred. פ alternates with ב and מ (see introductory entries to these letters). In Arab. it alternates also with th (see e.g. bases חנף and עשׁן, and cp. Russian Fedor and Foma, which derive from Gk. Theodoros and Thomas).

פֵּא, פֵּה f.n. PBH (pl. פֵּאִין, also פֵּפִין, פִּיפִין) the letter ‘Pe’ of the Heb. alphabet. [See פּ.]

פֹּא adv. here. [Another spelling for פֹּה.]

פאה to cleave.
    — Hiph. - הִפְאָה he cleft into pieces (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:36 in the suffixed form אַפְאֵיהֶם). Prob. derivative: פֵּאָה. [Arab. fa’a, fa’ā(y) (= he cleft), OSArab. פאו (= to cleave, split).]

פֵּאָה m.n. 1 edge, end, extremity. 2 corner. 3 side. 4 side curl, sidelock. PBH 5 ‘pe’ah’ — the portion of the harvest at the corner of the field left for the poor. PBH 6 ‘Pe’ah’ — name of tractate in the Mishnah, Tosephta and Talmud Yerushalmi. NH 7 side face (geometry). [Related to Aram. פָּאתָא, Syr. פַּאְתָא (= edge, corner, side), Ugar. pt (= edge, frontier), perhaps also to Akka. pātu, pāṭu (= frontier, edge), pūtu (= forehead, temple), Arab. fi‘a (= troop, band; properly ‘edge, end’). All these words prob. meant originally ‘part cut off’, and derive from base פאה.] Derivatives: פֵּאוֹן, פֵּאִי.

פֵאוֹדָל, פֵאוֹדָלִיזְם see פֵיאוֹדָל, פֵיאוֹדָלִיזֽם.

פֵּאוֹן m.n. NH polyhedron. [Formed from פֵּאָה with suff. ◌וֹן.]

פָאוּנָה f.n. FW fauna. [Modern L. fauna, from L. Fauna (= goddess of fertility in Roman mythology, sister of Faunus). These names are of uncertain origin.]

פֵּאוּר m.n. MH glorification, adornment, beautification. [Verbal n. of פֵּאֵר, Pi. of פאר.]

פֵּאִי adj. NH having face, -hedron (geometry). [Formed from פֵּאָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פאר ᴵ to adorn, beautify, glorify.
    — Pi. - פֵּאֵר he adorned, beautified, glorified; PBH 2 he praised.
    — Pu. - פֹּאַר was adorned, was beautified, was glorified.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּאֵר 1 he glorified himself, boasted; 2 was glorified; 3 he showed his glory.
    — Niph. - נִפֽאַר was adorned, was beautified, was glorified.
    — Hiph. - הִפְאִיר 1 he adorned, beautified, glorified; 2 he praised. [According to some scholars related to Arab. faḫara (= he gloried, boasted, bragged). Other scholars connect this base with Syr. נְפַר, Ethiop. nafara (= it boiled). cp. פָּארוּר and see פאר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פְּאֵר ᴵ, פֵּאוּר, הִתֽפָּאֲרוּת, מְפֹאָר, תַּפְאוּרָה, תִּפְאָרָה, תִּפְאֶרֶת. cp. פָּארוּר.

פאר ᴵᴵ to glean.
    — Pi. - פֵּאֵר he went over the boughs, gleaned (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 24:20).] [Denominated from פֻּארָה (= branch, bough).]

פְּאֵר ᴵ m.n. MH glory. [From פאר ᴵ. cp. פְּאֵר ᴵᴵ.]

פְּאֵר ᴵᴵ m.n. headdress, diadem, turban. [Of uncertain origin. It meant perhaps orig. ‘ornament’, and is identical with פְּאֵר ᴵ, or is a metathesized form of אֲפֵר (= bandanna).]

פֹּארָה f.n. bough. [For פּֽאֹרָה. Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars it is related to Arab. far‘ (= bough). cp. פֻּארָה.]

פֻּארָה f.n. boughs (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 10:33). [For פְּאֻרָה, related to פֹּארָה.]

פָּארוּר m.n. (prob. meaning) glow, redness or blackness. In the Bible occurring only in the phrase כָּל־פָּנִים קִבְּצוּ פָארוּר (Joel 2:6) and פְּנֵי כֻלָּם קִבְּצוּ פָארוּר (Nah. 2:11), usually translated ‘all faces have gathered redness (or blackness)’, respectively ‘the faces of them all have gathered redness (or blackness)’. [Of uncertain origin. The Septuagint, the Targum and the Peshiṭta identify it with פָּרוּר (= pot), according to them פָּארוּר means ‘pot’, whence blackness of a pot, blackness like that of a pot. To other scholars, who also connect פָּארוּר with פָּרוּר, both words prob. mean ‘seether, boiler’; they compare them with Arab. ’afara (= was boiling); ’ afurrat-ul-ḥarr (= intense heat), Syr. נְפַר, Ethiop. nafara (= was boiling). According to most scholars פָּארוּר stands for פַּאֲרוּר and is formed from פאר ᴵ through reduplication of the third radical.]

פַבּוּלָה f.n. FW plot in a story. [L. fābula (= narrative, account, tale, story), lit. ‘that which is told’; related to fārī (= to speak, tell, foretell), fāma (= talk, report, rumor, saying, tradition, reputation), fācundus (= eloquent), fatērī (= to confess), from IE base bhā– (= to speak). See ‘fame’ in my CEDEL and cp. בָּנָלִי, פָטָלִי and the second element in פּרוֹפֶסּוֹר. cp. also פוֹנֶטִיקָה.]

פֶבְּרוּאָר m.n. FW February. [L. Februārius (= the month of purification), from februāre (= to purify, expiate), from februum (= means of purification), which is of uncertain origin. For the ending of L. Februārius see first suff. ‘–ary’ in my CEDEL.]

פִבְּרוּק m.n. PBH fabrication. [Verbal n. of פִבְּרֵק. See פברק.]

פַבְּרִיקַצְיָה f.n. FW fabrication. [L. fabricātiō (= a framing), from fabricātus, p. part. of fabricārī (= to frame, construct, build), from fabrica (= workshop of an artisan, building, fabric), from faber (= workman, artisan, artificer, forger, smith), from base * fabh-, corresponding to IE base * dhabh- (= to become or be suitable). [For the ending of L. fabricātiō see suff. ‘–ion’ in my CEDEL. cp. פברק.]

פברק to fabricate.
    — Pi. - פִבְּרֵק he fabricated.
    — Pu. - פֻבְּרַק was fabricated. [Formed from L. fabricātiō. See פַבְּרִיקַצֽיָה.] Derivatives: פִבּֽרוּק, מְפֻבְּרָק.

פַּג m.n. 1 early fig (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Cant. 2:13 in the suffixed form פַּגֶּיהָ). NH 2 premature infant. [Related to Syr. פַּגָּא (= unripe fig), Aram. פַּגָּא (= unripe grape), Arab. fijj (= unripe fruit). VL fīcus (= fig tree), whence L. fīca (= fig), whence Fren. figue, whence Eng. fig etc. is prob. a Heb. loan word. cp. פִיקוּס.] Derivative: פַּגָּה.

פָּג v. see פּוג.

פַּגָּה f.n. PBH 1 undeveloped fig, grape, etc. 2 young girl. [See פַּג.]

פָּגוֹדָה f.n. FW pagoda. [Portuguese pagoda, from Tamil pagavadi (properly: ‘house belonging to a deity’), from Old I. bhághavatī (= blessed, adorable, sublime, divine), from Bhágaḥ (= a god of wealth). See ‘Bhaga’ in my CEDEL.]

פָּגוֹז m.n. MH projectile. [From Aram. פָּגוֹזָא, corresponding to MH פָּגוֹשׁ (= projectile, catapult). See פָּגוּשׁ ᴵ and cp. פָּגָז.]

פָגוֹט m.n. FW bassoon. [From It. fagotto (= bassoon), properly ‘bundle’, which prob. derives from VL facus, a back formation from Gk. phakelos (=bundle), a word of uncertain origin, whose ending was mistaken for the L. dim. suff. -ellus.]

פִּגּוּל m.n. a foul thing, refuse (used esp. in the sense of an abominated or rejected sacrifice. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps related to Arab. fajala, fajula (= was thick and flaccid). Aram. פִּגּוּלָא (= abominated sacrifice) is prob. a Heb. loan word.] Derivative: פגל.

פָּגוּם adj. PBH 1 notched (said esp. of a blade). 2 blemished. 3 defective, faulty, inferior. [Pass. part. of פָּגַם. See פגם.]

פִּגּוּם m.n. PBH 1 semicircular turret. NH 2 scaffolding. [From Gk. pegma (= anything fastened together, framework, scaffold), which derives from IE base * pāƙ–, *pāĝ– (= to join together, make firm, fasten, fix). See פָּצִיפִיסְט and cp. words there referred to.]

פָּגֽוּעַ adj. MH 1 met by somebody. NH 2 hit, stricken, mentally deficient. [Pass. part. of פָּגַע. See פגע.]

פִּגּוּר m.n. NH 1 backwardness, regression. 2 delay, lagging behind, retardation. [Verbal n. of פִּגֵּר, Pi. of פגר ᴵ.]

פָּגוֹשׁ ᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. פָּגוֹשׁוֹת) projectile. [Related to Aram. פְּגוֹשָׁא, פְּגוֹזָא, Syr. בָּגָשָׁא (= projectile). Of uncertain origin. cp. פָּגוֹז, פָּגָז.]

פָּגוֹשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH bumper. [From פגשׁ.]

פָּגָז m.n. NH cannon shell. [From Aram. פָּגוֹזָא. See פָּגוֹז.] Derivative: פגז.

פגז to shell, bombard.
    — Hiph. - הִפְגִּיז he shelled, bombarded.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְגַּז was shelled, was bombarded. [Denominated from פָּגָז.] Derivatives: הַפְגָּזָה, מֻפְגָּז.

פִּגְיוֹן, פּוּגְיוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. פִּגְיוֹנוֹת) , dagger. [From L. pugiō (= dagger), which is related to pīgnus (= fist), whence pūgnāre (= to fight), whence pūgna (= fight), from IE base * peug– (= to stab). cp. ‘pugnacious’ in my CEDEL.]

פָּגִים m.n. PBH see פִּגּוּם (of s.m.).

פְּגִימָה f.n. PBH 1 notch, defect. PBH 2 waning of the moon. NH 3 causing defect. [Verbal n. of פָּגַם. See פגם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּגִימוּת f.n. NH defectiveness. [Formed from פָּגוּם with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּגִינָה f.n. MH outcry. [From פגן; properly verbal n. of the otherwise not used Qal. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּגִינַצְיָה f.n. FW pagination. [From L. pāgina (= strips of papyrus fastened together, page, leaf, slab) from IE base * pāĝ–, * pāk̑– (= to join together), whence also L. pangere (= to join, make firm), pāx (= peace). See פָּצִיפִיזְם and cp. words there referred to.]

פָּגִֽיעַ adj. NH vulnerable. [Coined from פָּגַע (= he wounded), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability and fitness.] Derivative: פְּגִיעוּת.

פְּגִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 meeting, encounter, contact. PBH 2 prayer, entreaty. NH 3 harm, injury, damage. [Verbal n. of פָּגַע. See פגע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּגִיעוּת f.n. NH vulnerability. [Formed from פָּגִיעַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּגִירָה f.n. MH 1 death of an animal. NH 2 death of a wicked person. NH 3 corpse, carcass. [Verbal n. of פָּגַר. See פגר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּגִישָׁה f.n. MH 1 meeting. NH 2 gathering. MH 3 reception. [Verbal n. of פָּגַשׁ. See פגשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פגל to foul, spoil, render unclean.
    — Pi. - פִּגֵּל he made a sacrifice rejectable; 2 MH he rendered unclean, spoiled; 3 MH he despised.
    — Pu. - פֻּגַּל PBH 1 was made rejectable (said of a sacrifice); NH 2 was rendered unclean, was spoiled.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּגֵּל PBH 1 was made rejectable (said of a sacrifice); NH 2 was rendered unclean, was spoiled; NH 3 he defiled himself. [Denominated from פִּגּוּל. cp. Aram. פַּגֵּל (= he made a sacrifice rejectable), which is also denominated from פִּגּוּלָא.] Derivative: מְפֻגָּל.

פְּגַלְגּוֹל m.n. PBH a small radish. [Dimin. formed from פֻּגְלָה through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

פֻּגְלָה f.n. PBH radish. [From Aram. פּוּגְלָא (= Syr. פּוּגְלָא and פַּגְלָא), which is related to Akka. puglu, Arab. fujl (of s.m.). cp. פְּלַלְגּוּלָה.]

פגם to spoil, render defective.
    — Qal - פָּגַם 1 he mutilated; 2 he spoiled, rendered defective; 3 he reduced the amount of a bill, decreased.
    — Niph. - נִפְגַּם was spoiled, was impaired, was rendered defective.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּגֵּם (of s.m.). [Prob. related to Arab. fajama (= he broke a bit off).] Derivatives: פְּגָם, פָּגוּם, פְּגִימָה, הִפָּגְמוּת.

פְּגָם m.n. PBH 1 defect, fault, blemish; 2 damages for blemish. [From פּגם.]

פגן to cry out, to shout.
    — Hiph. - הִפְגִּין PBH 1 he cried; NH 2 he made a demonstration; NH 3 he demonstrated, exhibited.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְגַּן was demonstrated, was exhibited. [From Aram. פְּגַן, also בְּגַן (= he shouted, cried out), which is related to Syr. בְּגַן (= he cried), בַגֵּן (= he cried, called for help).] Derivatives: הֶפְגֵּן, הַפְגָּנָה, מַפְגִּין, מֻפְגָּן, מִפְגָּן.

פָּגָן m.n. PBH 1 villager, peasant; NH 2 heathen, pagan. [From Late L. pāgānus (= countryman, villager, civilian). The early Christians called the heathens ‘civilians’ in contradistinction to the ‘soldiers’ of Christianity. Late L. pāgānus derives from L. pāgus (= district, province, village), properly ‘something joined together, something united’, from IE base * pāĝ–, * pāk̑– (= to join together), whence also L. pangere (= to join, make firm), pāx (= peace). See פָּצִיפִיזְם and cp. words there referred to. cp. also Fren. païen (= pagan), which also derives from Late L. pāgānus.] Derivatives: פָּגָנִי, פָּגָנִיּוּת.

פָּגָנִי adj. FW pagan, heathen. [Formed from פָּגָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּגָנִיּוּת f.n. NH paganism. [Formed from פָּגָן with suff. ◌ִיוּת.]

פגע to meet, encounter, come across, to entreat, beseech.
    — Qal - פָּגַע 1 he met, encountered, came across; 2 he arrived at a place; 3 he attacked, assaulted; 4 he entreated, begged, pleaded, insisted; NH 5 he insulted.
    — Niph. - נִפְגַּע PBH 1 he was hit, was hurt, was harmed; 2 he was insulted; NH 3 he was met.
    — Hiph. - הִפְגִּיעַ 1 he caused to light upon; 2 he caused somebody to entreat; 3 he entreated, interceded, interposed, insisted. [Aram.–Syr. פְּגַע (= he met, arrived at a place, he chanced; he attacked, opposed), Arab. faja‘a (= he lighted upon, came suddenly, took by surprise, attacked, assailed). Prob. related to פגשׁ.] Derivatives: פֶּגַע, פַּגְעָן, פָּגוּעַ, פָּגִיעַ, פְּגִיעָה, הַפְגָּעָה, הִפָּגְעוּת, מַפְגִּיעַ ᴵ, מִפְגָּע, מֻפֽגָּע, prob. also מַפְגִּיעַ ᴵᴵ.

פֶּֽגַע m.n. occurrence, chance, esp. evil occurrence. [From פגע.]

פָּגָע m.n. PBH a kind of plum. [Of unknown etymology.]

פַּגְעָן m.n. NH a harmful person, troublemaker. [Formed from פגע with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פגר ᴵ to be backward, lag behind.
    — Pi. - פִּגֵּר 1 was faint, was tired (in the Bible occurring only Sam. I 30:10 and 21). [Aram. פְּגַר, פַּגֵּר (= was inactive; he broke up, destroyed), Syr. פְּגַר (= was powerless, was weak, was flaccid), Arab. fajara (= was loose). Base of פֶּגֶר.] Derivatives: פִּגָּרוֹן, פַּגְרָן, פִּגּוּר. cp. פַּגְרָא, פַּגְרָה.

פגר ᴵᴵ to die (said of an animal);
    — Qal - פָּגַר it died (said of an animal).
    — Pi. - פִּגֵּר 1 he destroyed, killed; 2 it died.
    — Pu. - פֻּגַּר was destroyed, was killed.
    — Niph. - נִפְגַּר it died.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּגֵּר 1 it died; 2 he became like a corpse. [Denominated from פֶּגֶר.] Derivatives: פְּגִירָה, הִתְפַּגְּרוּת.

פֶּֽגֶר m.n. corpse, carcass. [From פגר ᴵ, whence also Aram. פִּגְרָא (= corpse, carcass), Syr. פַּגְרָא, Akka. pagru (= body, corpse, carcass).] Derivative: פגר ᴵᴵ.

פָּגָר m.n. PBH bit (of a bridle). [Of unknown origin.]

פַּגְּרָא f.n. PBH, פַּגְּרָה MH holiday, vacation. [Aram. פַּגְּרָא, from פַּגֵּר (= was inactive). See פגר ᴵ.]

פִּגָּרוֹן m.n. NH holiday. [Formed from פִּגֵּר (= was inactive), Pi. of פגר ᴵ, with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פִּגְרוֹן m.n. NH a little corpse. [Formed from פֶּגֶר with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פַּגְּרָן m.n. NH backward, retarded. [Formed from פִּגֵּר (= was inactive), Pi. of פגר ᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּגְּרָנוּת.

פַּגְּרָנוּת f.n. NH backwardness. [Formed from פַּגְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פגשׁ to meet, encounter.
    — Qal - פָּגַשׁ he met, encountered.
    — Niph. - נִפֽגַּשׁ (usually in the pl.) they met together, met each other (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 85:11; Prov. 22:2 and 29:13).
    — Pi. - פִּגֵּשׁ he met, encountered (in the Bible occurring only Job 5:14).
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּגֵּשׁ he met, encountered.
    — Hiph. - הִפְגִּישׁ he caused (people) to meet, brought together. [Prob. related to Arab. thaqifa (= he found, met), and to פגע.] Derivatives: פְּגִישָׁה, הַפְגָּשָׁה, מִפְגָּשׁ.

פֶּדָגוֹג, פַּדְגּוֹג m.n. PBH pedagogue, pedagog. [L. paedagōgus, from Gk. paidagogos (= slave who escorted a boy from home to school and back again, tutor, teacher), which stands for paidos agogos (= leader of a child), from pais, gen. paidos (= child), and agogos (= guide, leader), from agein (= to lead). The first element derives from IE * pu– (= small, little, few, young); see ‘few’ in my CEDEL and cp. the third element in אֶנְצִיקְלוֹפֵּדְיָה. For the second element see אַקְטוּאָלִי. cp. פֶּדָגוֹגִי, פֶּדָגוֹגְיָה, and פֶּדִיאָטֶר. cp. also פֶּדַנְט.]

פֶּדָגוֹגִי adj. FW pedagogical, educational. [Back formation from פֶּדָגוֹגְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פֶּדָגוֹגְיָה f.n. FW pedagogy, education. [Fren. pédagogie, from L. paedagōgia, from Gk. paidagogia (= attendance on children, education, culture), properly ‘office of the paidagogos’. See פֶּדָגוֹג and suff. ◌יָה.]

פּדה to ransom, deliver, redeem.
    — Qal - פָּדָה 1 he ransomed, redeemed; 2 he rescued, freed, delivered, released; NH 3 he sold (in cash).
    — Niph. - נִפֽדָּה 1 was ransomed, was redeemed; NH 2 was sold (in cash).
    — Hiph. - הִפְדָּה he caused to be ransomed, caused to be redeemed (in the Bible occurring only Ex. 21:8).
    — Hoph. - הָפְדָּה was ransomed, was redeemed (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 19:20). [Arab. fadā(y) (= he ransomed, redeemed), Ethiop. fadaya (= he paid, redeemed), OSArab. פדית (= ransom), Akka. padū (= to ransom, redeem). cp. פדע.] Derivatives: פָּדוּי, פְּדוּת, פִּדְיוֹם, פִּדְיוֹן, פְּדִיָּה, פְּדִיּוּת, הִפָּדוּת, מִפֽדֶּה.

פָּדוּי adj. ransomed, redeemed. [Pass. part. of פָּדָה. See פדה and cp. פָּדוּעַ.]

פֶּדוֹלוֹגְיָה ᴵ f.n. FW pedology (child study). [Compounded of Gk. pais, gen. paidos (= child), and logia, from logos (= one who speaks in a certain manner; one who deals with a certain topic). See פֶּדָגוֹג and ◌לוֹגֽיָה.]

פֶּדוֹלוֹגְיָה ᴵᴵ pedology (the study of soils). [Compounded of Gk. pedon (= ground, soil), and logia.. See לוֹגְיָה and cp. פֶּדוֹמֶטֶר.]

פֶּדוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW pedometer. [Fren. pédomètre, a hybrid coined from L. pēs, gen. pedis (= foot), and Gk. metron (= measure). See פֵּדָר and מֶטֶר.]

פָּדֽוּעַ adj. MH ransomed, redeemed. [Pass. part. of פָּדַע. See פדע and cp. פָּדוּי.]

פִּדּוּר m.n. NH powdering (one’s face). [Verbal n. of פִּדֵּר, Pi. of פדר.]

פְּדוּת f.n. 1 redemption, deliverance. 2 separation. [From פדה.]

פַּדַּֽחַת f.n. PBH forehead. [Together with Aram. פַּדַּחְתָּא of unknown origin.]

פֶּדִיאָטֶר m.n. FW pediatrist. [Compounded of Gk. pais, gen. paidos (= child), and iatros (= physician), which derives from iasthai (= to heal), prob. from IE base * eis– (= to set in quick motion), whence also Gk. iepos (= holy, sacred; orig.: ‘filled with divine force’), and prob. identical with iepos (= strong, lively, active, quick, swift).]

פְּדִיָּה f.n. PBH ransoming, redemption. [Verbal n. of פָּדָה. See פדה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּדְיוֹם m.n. ransom, redemption (in the Bible occurring only Num. 3:49). [A secondary form of פִּדְיוֹן.]

פִּדְיוֹן m.n. (pl. פִּדְיוֹנוֹת) 1 ransom, redemption. NH 2 sale (in cash). NH 3 present brought by the Hasidim to their Rabbi. [From פדה. For the ending see suff. ◌יוֹן.]

פְּדִיּוּת f.n. MH redemption. [From פדה. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

פֵּדִיקוּר m.n. FW pedicure. [From pédicure, lit. ‘care of the feet’. Compounded of L. pēs, gen. pedis (= foot), and cūra (= care, solicitude, concern). The first element is cognate with Gk. podos (= foot); see פֵּדָר. The second element derives from Old L. coira, which is of uncertain origin. cp. אֶקְסְפֵּדִיעְיָה, and the second element in מָנִיקוּר.]

פַּדָּן m.n. 1 in the Bible, a place name (Gen. 48:7); possibly derived from Akka. padānu (= road; garden). MH 2 plow. NH 3 ‘feddan’ (a square measure). [cp. Aram.–Syr. פַּדָּן, פַּדָּנָא (= yoke; plow). Arab. faddān (= yoke of oxen). ‘Feddan’ (a square measure) is an Aram. loan word.]

פֶּדַנְט m.n. FW pedant. [Fren. pédant, from It. pedante, (orig. meaning ‘schoolmaster’) from Late L. paedagōgantem, accusative of paedagōgāns, from L. paedagōgus. See פֶּדָגוֹג.] Derivative: פֶּדַנְטִי.

פֶּדַנְטִי adj. FW pedantic. [Formed from פֶּדַנֽט with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פֶּדַנְטִיּוּת.

פֶּדַנְטִיּוּת f.n. FW pedantry. [Formed from פֶּדַנְטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פדע to ransom, redeem.
    — Qal - פָּדַע he ransomed, redeemed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 33:24 in the suffixed form פּֽדָעֵהוּ). [A secondary form of פדה.] Derivative: פֶּדַע.

פֶּֽדַע m.n. MH redemption. [From פדע.]

פֶּֽדֶר m.n. fat, suet (in the Bible occurring only Lev. 1:8 and 12; 8:20). [Perhaps related to Akka. pitru (= fat). Egypt. pdr (= fat) is prob. a Heb. loan word.]

פדר to powder.
    — Pi. - פִּדֵּר he powdered (his face).
    — Pu. - פֻּדַּר was powdered.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּדֵּר he powdered himself. [Denominated from פּוּדְרָה (= powder for the face).] Derivatives: פִּדּוּר, מְפֻדָּר.

פֵּדָר m.n. a small rug. [From L. pedārius (= pertaining to the foot), from pēs, gen. pedis (= foot), which is cogn. with Gk. pous, gen. podos (= foot), pede (= fetter), pedan (= to bind with fetters), pedon (= ground, earth), Old I. pā́t, accusative pādam (= foot), etc. All these words derive from IE base * pō̌d–, *pē̌d– (= foot). cp. ‘foot’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to. cp. also the first element in פֶּדוֹלוֹגְיָה ᴵᴵ, פֶּדוֹמֶטֶר, פֵּדִיקוּר, פּוֹדַגְרָה, פִּיגָ׳מָה, and the second element in אַנְטִיפּוֹד, אֶקְסֽפֵּדִיעֽיָה, פּוֹלִיפּ, קָלִיבֶּר. cp. also פִּטְפּוּט ᴵ and פֶּסִּימִי.]

פֶדֶרָטִיבִי adj. FW federative. [Formed from L. foederātus (= leagued together, allied), p. part. of foederāre (= to establish by treaty), from foedus, gen. foederis (= league, treaty, covenant), which stands in gradational relationship to fīdere (= to trust), fidēs (= faith, confidence, belief), fidēlis (= true, faithful, sincere). For the Eng. suff. – ive see ‘–ive’ in my CEDEL. See also suff. ◌ִי. cp. פֶדֶרָלִי.]

פֶדֶרָלִי adj. FW federal. [Fren. fédéral, from L. foedus. See פֶדֶרָטִיבִי and suff. ◌ִי. See also פֶדֶרָלִיזְם.]

פֶדֶרָלִיזְם m.n. FW federalism. [Eng. federalism, coined by the English statesman and author Edmund Burke (1729–97) from federal and suff. – ism. See פֶדֶרָלִי and suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פֶדֶרַצְיָה f.n. FW federation. [Formed from L. foederātus. See פֶדֶרָטִיבִי and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

פֶּה m.n. (pl. פִּיּוֹת, also פֵּיוֹת and פִּיפִיּוֹת) 1 mouth. 2 speech, saying. 3 command. 4 opening, orifice. [Related to Pun. פי in לפי (= according to), BAram. פֻּם, Aram.–Syr. פּוּמָא (= mouth, orifice, hole, opening), Syr. לְפוּת (= according to), OSArab. פ, Ugar. p, Arab. fū, Ethiop. ‘af, Akka. pū (= orifice, hole, opening). cp. פֵּא, פִּיָּה, פִּיֹּנֶת, פִּים, פִּימָה, פִּיפִיָּה, לְפִיכָךְ. cp. also פּוּם, the second element in מְלָאפּוּם, and פָּנִים.]

פֹּה (also פּוֹ and פֹּא) adv. here (פֹּה is the form regularly used). [Related to Phoen. פ, Ugar. p. cp. the second element in אֵיפֹה.]

פָה m.n. FW ‘fa’ — a syllable used in solmization to denote the fourth tone of the diatonic scale.

פֵּה f.n. PBH the Heb. letter ‘Pe’. [Another spelling for פֵּא.]

פהה to idle, to loaf, to tarry.
    — Qal - פָּהָה he idled, loafed, he wasted time, lingered, tarried. [From שְׁהִ״י פְּהִ״י (q.v.).] Derivative: פְּהִיָּה.

פִּהוּק m.n. PBH yawn. [Verbal n. of פִּהֵק, Pi. of פהק.]

פְּהִיָּה f.n. NH tarrying, lingering. [Verbal n. of פָּהָה; see פהה and suff. ◌ָיָּה.]

פְּהִיקָה f.n. NH yawn. [Verbal n. of פָּהַק. See פהק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פהק to yawn.
    — Qal - פָּהַק he yawned.
    — Pi. - פִּהֵק he yawned.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּהֵק he yawned many times. [Syr. פָּק, Arab. fāqa (= he sighed). For the changeability of ו and ה see the introductory article to letter ה.] Derivatives: פַּהֲקָן, פִּהוּק, פְּהִיקָה, הִתְפַּהֲקוּת.

פֵּהֲקָן m.n. NH 1 yawner. 2 idler. [Formed from פִּהֵק, Pi. of פהק, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פּוֹ adv. here. [Another spelling for פֹּה.]

פּוּאָה f.n. PBH madder. [Related to Aram. פּוּתָא, Arab. fuwwa (= madder).]

פּוֹאֶטִיקָה f.n. FW poetry. [Gk. poietike, scil. techne (= poetry), f. of poietikos (= capable of making, creative, productive; pertaining to poetry, poetic), from poietos (= made), verbal adj. of poiein (= to make). See פַּיְטָן and cp. פּוֹאֶמָה and פּוֹאֶסְיָה.]

פּוֹאֶמָה f.n. FW poem. [L. poēma, from Gk. poiema (= something done; a composition in verse, poem), from the stem of poiein. See פּוֹאֶטִיקָה. For the ending of Gk. poiema see suff. ‘–ma’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹאֶסְיָה f.n. FW poesy. [L. poēsis, from Gk. poiesis (= a making, poetry), from poiein (= to make). See פּוֹאֶטִיקָה.]

פוֹבְּיָה f.n. FW phobia. [Eng. phobia, from Gk. combining from – phobia (= panic fear of, fear of), from phobos (= panic flight; panic fear; fear, terror).]

פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְט, פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטָן m.n. FW publicist. [From publiciste — a hybrid coined from public (= public), from L. pūblicus (= belonging to the people, public), and iste, a suff. of Gk. origin. L. pūblicus is prob. a blend of Old L. poplicus (= belonging to the people), from populus (= people), and L. pūbicus (= belonging to adults). See ‘puevile’ in my CEDEL. cp. פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטִיקָה, פּוּבְּלִיקַצְיָה, and the second element in רֶפּוּבְּלִיקָה. cp. also פּוֹפּוּלָרִי.] Derivative: פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטִי.

פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטִי adj. FW publicistic. [Formed from פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְט with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְטִיקָה f.n. FW publicistics. [From פּוּבְּלִיצִיסֽט. For the ending see subst. suff. ‘–ic’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּבְּלִיקַצְיָה f.n. FW publication. [L. pūblīcātīo, from pūblicātus, p. part. of pūblicāre (= to make public property; to make known, publish), from pūblicus. See פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְט and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

פוג to grow numb; to evaporate; to become faint.
    — Qal - פָּג 1 it grew numb; 2 it disappeared, vanished; PBH 3 it evaporated.
    — Niph. - נָפוֹג was benumbed, was faint.
    — Pol. - פּוֹגֵג he benumbed, made faint, weakened.
    — Hithpol. - הִתְפּוֹגֵג was benumbed, became faint.
    — Pi. - פִּיֵּג he caused to disappear, removed;
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיג weakened, eased, caused to disappear, caused to cease, removed.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַג was weakened, was made to disappear. [Aram. פּוּג (= to cease, be helpless), Syr. פָּג (= was cold), Arab. fāja (= grew cool).] Derivatives: פּוּגָה, הֲפוּגָה, הֲפָגָה, הֲפִיגָה, הִתְפּוֹגְגוּת, תְּפוּגָה.

פּוּגָה f.n. 1 benumbing (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 2:18 in the c. st.). PBH 2 relaxation. MH 3 doubt. [From פוג.]

פוּגָה f.n. FW fugue (music). [It. fuga (= flight, escape; ardor), from L. fuga (= a fleeing, flight; swiftness, speed), from the stem of fugere (= to flee), from IE base * bheug– (= to flee), which meant originally ‘to bend one’s course away from a place’. See ‘bow’ (= to bend) in my CEDEL and cp. the second element in צֶנְטְרִיפוּגָלִי.]

פּוּגְיוֹן m.n. PBH see פִּגְיוֹן.

פּוֹגְרוֹם m.n. FW pogrom. [Russ. pogromŭ (= devastation, pillage), formed from po (= behind, after), which is cogn. with L. post (= behind, after), and gromŭ (= thunder), from IE base * ghrem– (= to give a hollow sound, to thunder), whence also Old Eng. grimm, grim (= cruel, fierce). See ‘grim’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹדַגְרָה f.n. PBH podagra. [Gk. podagra (= trap for the feet, gout in the feet), compounded of pous, gen. podos (= foot), and agra (= a catching, seizure). For the first element see פֵּדָר. The second element is related to Gk. agreein (= to take, catch), and cogn. with Old I. ār (= defeat). cp. the second element in פֶּלַגְרָה.]

פּוּדִינְג m.n. FW pudding. [From Eng. pudding, which prob. derives from Fren. boudin (= black pudding), a word of prob. imitative origin. See ‘pudding’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּדְרָה f.n. FW powder for the ce.[[illegible]] [Fren. poudre, from poldre, p(o)u[[illegible]]’, from L. pulverem, accusative of pulvis (= dust, powder), which derives from IE base * ped– (= dust, porridge made of meal), whence also L. pollen, also pollis (= fine flour, mill dust). See ‘pollen’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פדר.

פּוֹזָה f.n. FW pose. [Fren. pose, from poser (= to halt, rest; to put, place), from L. pausāre (= to halt, pause), from pausa (= stop, cessation), from Gk. pausis (= stopping, ceasing); influenced in meaning by an association in Late L. with L. pos–, the stem of posuī and positus, from piōnere (= to put, place). See ‘pause’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹזִיטִיב m.n. FW positive (in photography). [From L. positīvus. See פּוֹזִיצְיָה.]

פּוֹזִיטִיבִי adj. FW positive. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from L. positīvus (= settled by agreement), opposed to nātūrālis (= natural), from positus, p. part. of pōnō (= I place). See פּוֹזִיצְיָה. For the ending of L. – ivus see suff. ‘–ive’ in my CEDEL. cp. פּוֹזִיטִיבִיזְם.]

פּוֹזִיטִיבִיזְם m.n. FW positivism. [Fren. positivisme, coined by Auguste Comte (1798–1857) from positif, from L. positīvus. See פּוֹזִיטִיבִי and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פּוֹזִיטִיבִיסְט m.n. FW positivist. [See פּוֹזִיטִיבִיזְם and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.]

פּוֹזִיצְיָה f.n. FW position. [L. positiō (= a placing, setting, situation, position), from positus, p. part. of pōnō (= I put, place, lay), which is a contraction of * poznō, from * pos(i)nō, lit. ‘I lay aside’, from pref. po– and sinō (= I set down, leave), which derives from IE base * sē(i)– (= to leave, leave off, be slow, come late). See ‘position’ and ‘site’ in my CEDEL and cp. פּוֹזִיטִיב, פּוֹזִיטִיבִי. cp. also אֶקְסְפּוֹזִיצְיָה, קוֹמְפּוֹזִיטוֹר and פּוֹסְטָה. For the ending of פּוֹזִיצְיָה see suff. ◌יָה.]

פּוֹזֵל adj. NH squinting. [Act. part. of פָּזַל. See פזל.] Derivative: פּוֹזְלָנִי.

פּוֹזְלָנִי adj. NH squinting. [Formed from פּוֹזֵל with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פּוּזְמָק, פֻּזְמָק m.n. (pl. פּוּזֽמָקוֹת and פּוּזְמְקָאוֹת) PBH 1 gaiter, fine shoe. NH 2 sock, stocking. [Of Turanian origin. Russ. bashmakŭ (= shoe), Med. Gk. pasmazes, and Arab. bashmaqjī (= shoemaker), are of the same origin.] Derivative: פזמק.

פוח to breathe, blow.
    — Qal - פָּח it breathed, blew.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיחַ 1 he caused to blow; 2 he breathed out, uttered. [Aram. פּוּחַ (= to breathe, blow), Syr. פָּח, Arab. fāḫa (= it exhaled a pleasant odor, was fragrant). Related to the bases יפח, נפח. cp. פָּח. cp. also פֶּחָם ᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּיחַ, פִּיחָה, הֲפָחָה.

פּוֹחֵז adj. 1 wanton, reckless. NH 2 mischievous. [Act. part. of פחז.]

פּוֹחֵֽחַ adj. PBH one whose clothes are ragged. [Related to Aram. פְּחַח (= he was clothed in rags), פְּחָח (= one whose clothes are ragged). Of unknown origin.] Derivative: פחח ᴵᴵ.

פּוּחְלָץ, פֻּחְלָץ m.n. PBH 1 a loaded double bag put on the back of an ass or a camel. NH 2 stuffed skin of animals. [The correct reading is prob. פָּחֳלִין, pl. of פֹּחַל (q.v.). Such is also the reading in the commentary ascribed to R. Hay Gaon. The form פּוּחְלָץ arose through misreading the word פחלין into פחלץ (the letters ין having been mistaken for ץ.] Derivative: פחלץ.

פּוֹחֵר m.n. PBH potter. [Related to פֶּחָר (= potter). See also פחר.]

פוֹטוֹ◌ FW (combining form) photo. [Gk. photo– from the stem of phos (= light), which is contracted from phaos, a word derived from IE base *bhā– (= to shine). cp. פוֹטוֹן and the first element of פוֹסְפוֹר. cp. also פַנֽטַסְיָה.]

פוֹטוֹ m.n. FW photograph. [Eng. photo, abbreviation of photograph. See פוֹטוֹגְרַפְיָה.]

פוֹטוֹגֶנִי adj. FW photogenic. [Eng. photogenic, compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Fren. – gène, from Gk. – genes (= born of, produced by), from the stem of gennar (= to beget, bring forth, generate, produce). See גֶּן.]

פוֹטוֹגְרָף m.n. FW photographer. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. graphos, from graphein (= to write). See ◌גְרָף.]

פוֹטוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW photographic. [Back formation from פוֹטוֹגֽרַפְיָה. for the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פוֹטוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW photography. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. typos (= description of), from graphein (= to write). See ◌גְרַפְיָה.]

פוֹטוֹטִיפִּיָּה f.n. FW phototypy. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. typos (= blow, mark, pattern, model). See טִיפּוּס and suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פוֹטוֹמוֹנְטָז׳ m.n. FW photomontage. [Fren. photomontage, compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Fren. montage (= lit.: ‘a mounting, putting together’), from monter (= to ascend, to mount, put together).]

פוֹטוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW photometer. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. metron (= measure). See מֶטֶר.]

פוֹטוֹמֶטְרִיָּה f.n. FW photometry. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. metria (= measurement of), from metron. See מֶטֶר.]

פוֹטוֹן m.n. FW photon (optics). [Formed from the stem of phos, gen. photos (= light), with suff. – on.]

פוֹטוֹסְטָט m.n. FW photostat. [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. statos (= placed, standing). See סְטָטִי.]

פוֹטוֹסִינְתֶּזָה f.n. FW photosynthesis (botany and biochemistry). [Compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and L. synthesis, from Gk. synthesis (= a putting together, composition), from the stem syntithenai (= to put together), from syn– (see סִינֽ◌) and tithenai (= to put, place).]

פוֹטוֹסְפֵירָה f.n. FW photosphere. [Lit. ‘ball of light’, compounded of פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. sphaira (= ball). See סְפֵירָה.]

פוֹטוֹפוֹן m.n. FW photophone. [Lit. ‘sound through light’, from פוֹטוֹ◌ and Gk. phone (= sound, voice). See פוֹנֶטִיקָה.]

פוּטוּרוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW futurology. [A hybrid compounded of L. fūtūrus (= future) and Gk. logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

פוּטוּרִיזְם m.n. FW futurism. [It. futurismo (= lit.: ‘the movement considering the future’), coined by its founder, the Italian poet and writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti (1876–1944) from L. futūrus (= future), and suff. – ismo (from L. – ismus). For the ending of פוּטוּרִיזְם see ◌ִיזְם.]

פוּטוּרִיסְט m.n. FW futurist. [See פוּטוּרִיזְם and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.] Derivative: פוּטוּרִיסְטִי.

פוּטוּרִיסְטִי adj. FW futuristic. [Formed from פוּטוּרִיסֽט with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוּטִית f.n. NH 1 name of a small fish. 2 the flatfish. [From Aram. פּוּטִיתָא (= name of a small fish), which is of uncertain origin.]

פּוֹטֶנְצִיָאל m.n. FW potential. [From Late L. potentiālis (= having power), from L. potentia. See פּוֹטֶנְצְיָה. For the ending see adj. suff. ‘-al’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פּוֹטֶנְצְיָאלִי.

פּוֹטֶנְצְיָאלִי adj. FW potential. [Formed from פּוֹטֶנְצְיָאל with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹטֶנְצְיָה f.n. FW potency. [L. potentia (= power), from pōtēns, gen. potentis (= able, mighty, powerful), from potis (= able, capable, powerful), which is cogn. with Old I. patiḥ (= master, husband), Gk. posis (= husband), etc. cp. ‘potent’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to. cp. also the second element in דֶּסְפּוֹט. For the ending of פּוֹטֶנְצְיָה see suff. ◌ֽיָה.]

פּוֹטָשׁ m.n. FW potash. [Eng. potash, orig. pl. potashes, from Dutch potaschen, now potas (lit. ‘ashes in the pot’); so called because originally obtained from vegetable substances burnt in a pot. See ‘pot’ (= a round vessel), and ‘ash’ (= dust), in my CEDEL.]

פּוּטְשׁ m.n. FW putsch. [Ger. Putsch, a Swiss dialect word, lit. meaning ‘thrust, shock’; of imitative origin.]

פּוּךְ ᴵ m.n. antimony, eye paint. [The orig. meaning of this word was ‘fine powder’. It derives from base פכך (= to pulverize), appearing in Syr. פַּךְ (= he broke, bruised, shattered), Arab. fakka (= he broke, decomposed, fragmentized). Gk. phukos (= red paint; seaweed), whence L. fūcus (= rock lichen) is a Heb. loan word. cp. פּוּךְ ᴵᴵ. cp. also פִּיקָס.] Derivative: פיך.

פּוּךְ ᴵᴵ m.n. a kind of precious stone. [Prob. a special sense development of פּוּךְ ᴵ. According to some scholars it is a secondary form of נֹפֶךְ. Some scholars render it by ‘hard mortar’.]

פּוֹל m.n. 1 bean (in the Bible occurring only Sam. II 17:28 and Ezek. 4:9). NH 2 gland. [Related to Aram. פּוֹלָא, Arab. fūl, Ethiop. fāl (= bean).]

פּוֹלוֹ m.n. FW polo. [Lit. ‘ball’, from Baltic Indian polo. cp. Tibetan pulu (= ball).]

פּוֹלוֹנֶז m.n. FW polonaise (dance). [Fren. polonaise, shortened from danse polonaise (= a Polish dance), f. of polonais (= Polish), from Polonia, Latinized name of Poland. See ‘Pole’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹלוֹנְיוּם m.n. FW polonium (chemistry). Modern L. polonium, from Polonia, Latinized name of Poland; so called by its discoverers Pierre Curie (1859–1906) and his wife Maria Sklodowska (1867–1934), after the latter’s native land.]

פּוֹלִי◌ FW (combining form) poly-. [Gk. poly, from polys (= much, many), which is cogn. with L. plūs (= more), plūrimus (= most). See פְּלוּס.]

פּוֹלִיאֶדֶר m.n. FW polyhedron (geometry). [Modern L. polyhedron, from Gk. polyedron (= having many seats or sides), compounded of poly (see פּוֹלִי◌) and edra (= seat, base, side, face). See דּוֹדֶקָאֶדֶר.]

פּוֹלִיגוֹן m.n. FW polygon (geometry). [Late L. polygōnum, from polygonon, properly neuter of the adj. polygonos (= polygonal), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and – gonos (= angled), from the stem of gonia (= angle). See פּוֹלִי◌ and דּוֹדֶקָגוֹן.]

פּוֹלִיגְלוֹט m.n. FW polyglot. [Gk. polyglottos (= many-tongued), compounded of polys (= much, many), and glotta (= tongue, language). See פּוֹלִי◌ and גְּלוֹסְקָמָא.]

פּוֹלִיגַמְיָה f.n. FW polygamy. [Late L. polygamia, from Gk. polygamia, from polygamos (= having many wives), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and gamos (= marriage). See פּוֹלִי◌ and בִּיגַמְיָה.]

פּוֹלִיגָמִי adj. FW polygamous. [Back formation from פּוֹלִיגַמְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹלִיגְרָף m.n. FW polygraph. [Gk. polygraphos (= writing much), compounded of polys (much, many), and graphos, from graphein (= to write). See פּוֹלִי◌ and ◌גֽרָף.]

פוֹלְיוֹ m.n. FW folio. [L. foliō, ablative of folium (= leaf), which prob. stands for IE * bholyom and is cogn. with Gk. phulon (= leaf). All these words derive from IE base * bhlō–, *bhlē– (= to blossom), properly ‘to swell’. See ‘blow’ (= to flower), and ‘blow’ (= to puff), in my CEDEL and cp. ‘foliage’ and ‘foil’ (= leaf of metal), ibid. cp. also פּוֹלְיָטוֹן.]

פּוֹלְיוֹ m.n. FW polio. [Eng . polio, short for poliomyelitis, from Medical L. poliomyelitis, compounded of Gk. polios (= gray), and Medical L. myelitis, which is formed from Gk. myelos (= marrow). Gk. polios derives from IE base * pel– (= dark-colored, gray). See ‘fallaw’ (= brownish yellow) in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹלְיָטוֹן m.n. PBH (also פְּלַיְטוֹן) perfume. [From L. foliatum, scil. unguentum (= an ointment, or oil made of the leaves of spikenard), properly subst. use of the neuter of foliatus (= leaved, leafy), from folium (= leaf). See פוֹלְיוֹ and cp. פֶּלַרְגּוֹנְיום.]

פּוֹלִיטִיקָה f.n. FW politics. [From Gk. politikos (= pertaining to a citizen, political), from polis (= city, state), which is cogn. with Old I. puriḥ (= citadel, city, town).] Derivatives: פּוֹלִיטִיקַאי, פּוֹלַיטִיקָן. cp. the second element in מֶטְרוֹפּוֹלִין, קוֹסְמוֹפּוֹלִיט.

פּוֹלִיטִיקַאי m.n. FW politician. [Formed from פּוֹלִיטִיקָה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

פּוֹלִיטִיקָן m.n. FW politician (used derogatorily); a crafty person. [Formed from פּוֹלִיטִיקָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פּוֹלִיטִיקָנִיוּת.

פּוֹלִיטִיקָנִיּוּת f.n. FW craftiness. [Formed from פּוֹלִיטִיקָן with suff. ◌ִיּוּת.]

פּוֹלִיטֶכְנִיּוֹן m.n. FW polytechnic. [From Gk. polytechnos (= skilled in many arts), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and techne (= art). See פּוֹלִי◌ and טֶכְנַאי.]

פּוֹלִימֶר m.n. FW polymer (chemistry). [Coined by the Swedish chemist Baron Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1830 from Gk. polys (= much, many) and meros (= part), which is cogn. with L. merērī (= to earn, obtain, deserve). See ‘mero–’ (= part) in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹלִימֶרִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW polymerization. [See פּוֹלִימֶר and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

פּוֹלֵימַרְכוֹס m.n. PBH (pl. פּוֹלֵימַרְכִים) polemarch. [Gk. polymarchos, compounded of polemos (= war), and archos (= leader, chief, ruler). See פּוּלֽמוּס and אַרְכִי.]

פּוֹלִינוֹם m.n. FW polynomial. [Coined on the analogy of בִּינוֹם (q.v.) from Gk. polys (= much, many). See פּוֹלִי◌.]

פּוֹלִיסָה f.n. FW policy (document of insurance). [Fren. police (= insurance policy), from It. polizza, corruption of Med. L. apodixa (= receipt), from Gk. apodeixis (= a showing forth, demonstration, proof), from apo (= from, away from) and deiknynai (= to show), which is cogn. with L. dicere (= to tell). See אִינְדֶקְס and cp. words there referred to.]

פּוֹלִיפּ m.n. FW polyp. [Fren. polype, from L. polypus, from Gk. polypous (= ‘octopus’; lit. ‘many-footed’), compounded of polys (= much, many), and pous, gen. podos (= foot). See פּוֹלִי◌ and פֵּדָר.]

פּוֹלִיפוֹנְיָה f.n. FW polyphony. [Gk. polyphonia, from polyphonos (= having many tones), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and phone (= sound, voice). See פּוֹלִי◌ and פוֹנֶטִיקָה. For the ending see suff. ◌יָה.]

פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיזְם m.n. FW polytheism. [Fren. polytheisme, from Gk. polytheia (= polytheism), from polytheos (= believing in many gods), which is compounded of polys (= much, many), and theos (= god). See פּוֹלִי◌ and תֵּיאִיזְם and cp. the second element in מוֹנוֹתֵיאִיזְם and in פַּנְתֵּיאִיזְם.]

פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיסְט m.n. FW polytheist. [See פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיזְם and suff. ◌ִיסֽט. cp. מוֹנוֹתֵיאִיסְט.] Derivative: פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיסְטִי.

פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיסְטִי adj. FW polytheistic. [Formed from פּוֹלִיתֵיאִיסְט with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוּלְמוֹס, פֻּלְמוֹס m.n. (pl. פּוּלְמוֹסִים, also פּוּלְמוֹסִיּוֹת) PBH 1 war. NH 2 polemic. [From Gk. polemos (= war), which is related to pelemixein (= to shake, cause to tremble), from IE * pelem–, enlargement of base * pel– (= to shake, swing). cp. ‘polemic’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to. cp. also פּוּלְסָא, פָּפִילְיוֹן and the first element in פּוֹלֵימַרְכוֹס.] Derivatives: פלמס, פּוּלְמוֹסִי, פּוּלְמוֹסָן, פּוּלְמוֹסָנִי.

פּוּלְמוֹסִי adj. NH polemical, controversial. [Formed from פּוּלְמוֹס with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוּלְמוֹסָן m.n. NH polemist, disputant. [Formed from פּוּלְמוֹס with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פּוּלְמוֹסָנוּת.

פּוּלְמוֹסָנוּת f.n. NH polemicism. [Formed from פּוּלֽמוֹסָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוּלְסָא, פֻּלְסָא m.n. PBH (pl. פּוּלְסִין) blow. [Aram., of uncertain origin. Perhaps borrowed from L. pulsus (= beating), from pellere (= to beat, strike, knock, push, drive), which prob. derives from IE base * pel– (= to shake, swing). See פּוּלְמוֹס and cp. פּוּלְסַצְיָה.]

פּוּלְסַצְיָה f.n. FW pulsation. [L. pulsātiō (= a beating or striking), from pulsāre (= to push, beat, strike), frequentative of pellere. See פּוּלְסָא and suff. ◌ַצְיָה.]

פּוֹלְקָה f.n. FW polka (dance). [Fren. polka, from Slovak polka or Czech púlka (= half step), dimin. of pol or pul (= half).]

פוֹלְקְלוֹר m.n. FW folklore. [Eng. folklore, coined by the English antiquary William John Thomas in 1846 for earlier popular antiquities. See ‘folk’ and ‘lore’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹלָרִי adj. FW polar. [Med. L. polāris, whence also Fren. polaire, from L. polus (= pivot, axis, pole), from Gk. polos (of s.m.), which is related to pelein (= to be in motion, to be), from IE base qel– (= to bend, turn). See ‘wheel’ in my CEDEL and cp. צִיקְלוּס. cp. also פּוֹלָרִיזַצְיָה.] Derivative: פּוֹלָרִיּוּת.

פּוֹלָרִיּוּת f.n. FW polarity. [Formed from פּוֹלָרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוֹלָרִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW polarization. [Fren. polarisation, from polariser (= to polarize), from polaire (= polar). See פּוֹלָרִי and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

פּוֹלֵשׁ m.n. NH invader. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּלַשׁ. See פלשׁ.]

פּוּם, פּוּמָא m.n. PBH mouth. [Aram., related to Heb. פֶּה (q.v.).] Derivatives: פּוּמִיָּה, פּוּמִית.

פּוּמְבִּי, פּוּמְבֵּי, פּוּמְבִּיּוּת see פֻּמְבִּי, פֻּמְבֵּי, פֻּמְבִּיּוּת.

פּוּמָה f.n. FW puma. [Sp. puma from Quechua.]

פּוּמִיָּה f.n. NH aperture, orifice. [Formed from פּוּם with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פּוּמִית f.n. NH mouthpiece. [Formed from פּוּם with suff. ◌ִית.]

פּוֹמֶלוֹ m.n. FW pomelo. [Eng. pomelo, altered from Dutch pompelmoes, lit. ‘a thick lemon’, from pompel (= thick), and limoes (= lemon). The change of the Dutch pompelmoes to pomelo was prob. due to the influence of Eng. pome.]

פָּוָן m.n. NH pavan (a Spanish dance). [Sp. pavana, from pavo (= peacock), from L. pavus, a secondary form of pavō (= peacock); so called from the character of this dance. L. pavō, together with Gk. taos (of s.m.), prob. comes ultimately from Tamil tōkei, tōgei. See טַוָּס.]

פון to be distracted (?).
    — Qal - פָּן perhaps meaning ‘he was perplexed, was distracted, was in doubt’ (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 88:16 in the lengthened imper. אָפוּנָה).] [A base of uncertain origin and meaning; perhaps related to Arab. ’afina (= was embarrassed, was helpless), and meaning ‘to be perplexed, be distracted’. According to some scholars related to פֶּן (= lest).] Derivative: תְּפוּנָה.

פּוּנְדָה f.n. PBH 1 money bag, purse. NH 2 cartridge belt. [From L. funda (= sling, casting net; purse), which is of uncertain origin. See ‘Fronde’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּנְדְיוֹן m.n. PBH dupondium (a Roman coin). [From L. dupondium (= the sum of the asses), which is compounded of du- (= two; see דוּ◌), and pondus (= weight), which stands in gradational relationship to pendēre (= to hang, hang down). See ‘pendant’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּנְדָק, פֻּנְדָּק, פּוּנְדְּקֵי, פֻּנְדְּקֵי m.n. PBH (pl. פּוּנְדָקִים, also פּוּנְדְקָאוֹת) inn, tavern, lodging place. [From Gk. pandakion, from pandokos (= innkeeper, host; lit. ‘all-receiving’), which is compounded of pan (= every), which is of uncertain origin, and dokos, which stands in gradational relationship to dekesthai (= to receive), from IE base * deƙ–, deƙ– (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming, good). See ‘decent’ in my CEDEL and cp. דוֹצֶנְט and words there referred to.] Derivative: פּוּנְדָקִי.

פּוּנְדְקַאי, פֻּנְדְּקַאי m.n. NH host (botany). [A secondary form of פּוּנְדָקִי. For the ending see suff. ◌ַאי.]

פּוּנְדָקִי, פֻּנְדָּקִי m.n. PBH innkeeper, host. [Formed from פּוּנְדָק with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹנָה f.n. PBH turning. [From פּנה (= to turn).]

פוֹנוֹ◌ FW (combining form) phono–. [Gk. phono, from phone (= sound, voice). See פוֹנֶטִי.]

פוֹנוֹגְרַמָּה f.n. FW phonogram. [Compounded of פוֹנוֹ◌ and Gk. gramma (= that which is written). See גְּרַם ᴵᴵ.]

פוֹנוֹגְרָף m.n. FW phonograph. [Lit.: writer of sound. Compounded of פוֹנוֹ◌ and graphos, from graphein (= to write). See ◌גֽרָף and cp. גְּרַמּוֹפוֹן.]

פוֹנוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW phonology. [Compounded of פוֹנוֹ◌ (q.v.), and Gk. – logia, from logos (= one who speaks in a certain manner; one who deals with a certain topic). See ◌לוֹגֽיָה.]

פּוֹנְטוֹן m.n. FW pontoon. [Eng. pontoon, from Fren. ponton, from L. pontōnem, accusative of pontō (= punt; floating bridge), a derivative of pōns (= bridge), which is cogn. with Gk. pontos (= trodden way), from IE base * pent– (= to go, pass; path, bridge). See ‘find’ in my CEDEL.]

פוֹנֶטִי adj. FW phonetic. [See פוֹנֶטִיקָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

פוֹנֶטִיקָה f.n. FW phonetics. [From Gk. phonetikos (= vocal), from phonetos (= utterable), verbal adj. of phonein (= to speak clearly, utter), from phone (= sound, voice), from IE base *bhā– (= to speak, tell, say), whence also L. for, fārī (= to speak), fāma (= talk, report, rumor, tradition, reputation). See ‘fami’ in my CEDEL, and cp. פַבּוּלָה. cp. also פוֹנֶמָה and the second element in לִינְגְוָפוֹן, מֶגָפוֹן, מִיקְרוֹפוֹן, סוּמְפּוֹנְיָה, סִימְפוֹנְיָה, סַקְסוֹפוֹן, פוֹטוֹפוֹן, פּוֹלִיפוֹנְיָה, קָקוֹפוֹנְיָה.]

פוֹנֶמָה f.n. FW phoneme. [Fren. phonème, from Gk. phonema (= sound, utterance), from phone (= sound, voice). See פוֹנֶטִיקָה. For the ending of Gk. phonema see suff. ‘–ma’ in my CEDEL.]

פוּנְקְצִיָּה f.n. FW function. [L. fūnctiō (= performance, execution), from fūnctus, p. part of fungī (= to perform, execute, discharge), which is cogn. with Old I. bhunákti,bhun̄jati (= enjoys, consumes), bhṓgaḥ (= enjoyment). cp. פוּנְקְצִיּוֹנָלִי.]

פוּנְקְצִיּוֹנָלִי adj. FW functional. [From פוּנְקְצִיָּה.] Derivative: פוּנְקִצִיּוֹנָלִיּוּת.

פוּנְקְצִיּוֹנָלִיּוּת f.n. FW functionalism. [From פוּנְקְצִיּוֹנָלִי. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוֹסְט prep. FW after (occurring in L. phrases like פּוסְט סְקְרִיפְּטוּם (= post scriptum), פּוֹסְט פַקְטוּם (= post factum). [L. post (= behind, after), from earlier * posti, from IE * pos-, enlargement of * po-, whence Gk. apo (= from), L. ab (= away from). cp. אַפּוֹ◌, אַבְּ◌.]

פּוֹסְטָה f.n. FW post, post office. [L. posta (= a place where men are stationed for the conveyance of messages or letters), from (mānsiō) posita (= a fixed halting place or station), f. p. part. of pīnere (= to put, place). See פּוֹזִיצְיָה.]

פוֹסְפוֹר m.n. FW phosphorus (chemistry). [Modern L. phōsphorus (= phosphorus), from L. Phōsphorus (= the morning star), from Gk. phosphoros (= lightbringer; the morning star), which is compounded of phos (= light), and phoros (= carrying). For the first element see פוֹטוֹ◌; for the second see אֲנָפוֹרָה. cp. פוֹסְפָט.]

פוֹסְפָט m.n. FW phosphate (chemistry). [Formed from phospho– which is shortened from phosphorus (see פוֹסְפוֹר), and chemical suff. ‘–ate’ (q.v.) in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹסֵק m.n. MH 1 codifier. NH 2 decider. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּסַק. See פסק.]

פּוֹעֵל m.n. 1 one who works, one who achieves. PBH 2 worker, workman, laborer. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּעַל. See פעל.] Derivative: פּוֹעֲלִי.

פּוֹעֲלִי adj. NH labor (adj.). [Formed from פּוֹעֵל with suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹפּוּלָרִי adj. FW popular. [L. populāris (= belonging to the people), from populus (= people), which is of uncertain, possibly Etruscan, origin. cp. פּוּבְּלִיצִיסְט. For the L. ending – āris see adj. suff. ‘–ar’ in my CEDEL; for the ending ◌ִי, see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: פּוֹפּוּלָרִיּוּת, פּוֹפּוּלָרִיזָטוֹר, פּוֹפּוּלָרִיזַצְיָה.

פּוֹפּוּלָרִיּוּת f.n. FW popularity. [Formed from פּוֹפּוּלָרִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוֹפּוּלָרִיזָטוֹר m.n. FW popularizer. [See פּוֹפּוּלָרִי. For the ending ◌ִיזָטוֹר see the suffixes ‘–ize’ and ‘–ator’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹפּוּלָרִיזַצְיָה f.n. FW popularization. [See פּוֹפּוּלָרִי. For the ending ◌ִיזַצְיָה see suff. ‘–ization’ in my CEDEL. See also suff. ◌ִצֽיָה.]

פּוֹפְּלִין m.n. FW poplin. [Fren. papeline, from It. papalina, f. of papalino (= papal); so called because orig. made at Avignon while it was a papal residence (between 1309 and 1408). Fren. popline is a loan word from Eng. poplin. See ‘pope’ in my CEDEL.]

פוץ ᴵ to be dispersed, be scattered, spread.
    — Qal - פָּץ was dispersed, was scattered, spread.
    — Niph. - נָפוֹץ 1 was dispersed, was scattered; NH 2 it spread.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיץ 1 he dispersed, scattered; NH 2 he circulated, distributed.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַץ 1 was dispersed, was scattered; 2 was circulated, was distributed. [Arab. fāḍa (= it overflowed, ran over), ’afāḍa (= he poured forth). Perhaps related to פצץ. cp. נפץ, which is prob. a secondary base formed from פוץ ᴵ. cp. also פושׁ ᴵ.] Derivatives: הֲפָצָה, מֵפִיץ ᴵ, נָפוֹץ, נְפוּצוֹת, תְּפוּצָה.

פוץ ᴵᴵ to speak.
    — Qal - פָּץ he opened his mouth, spoke, said (used only in the perf. and in the part.). [A secondary form of פצה ᴵ.]

פּוֹצֵץ adj. NH explosive. [From פצץ.]

פוק ᴵ, פיק to reel, totter. Related to פקק ᴵᴵ. cp. Aram. פַּקְפּוּתָא (= shaking).
    — Qal - פָּק intr. v. he reeled, tottered.
    — Pilp. (see . - פקפק ). Derivatives: פּוּקָה, פִּיק.

פוק ᴵᴵ to happen to meet, find.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיק 1 produced, furnished; 2 he brought forth, solicited, obtained; 3 he carried out, promoted. 4 he produced (e.g. a film), achieved.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַק MH 1 was brought forth, was obtained; NH 2 was produced, was achieved. [Prob. related to Aram. נְפַק (= he went out). See נפק.] Derivatives: הֲפָקָה, מֵפִיק, מוּפָק, תְּפוּקָה.

פּוֹק, פֹּק intr. v. PBH go out! [Aram. imper. of נֽפַק (see נפק). Occurring in the sentence פּוֹק חֲזֵי מַאי עַמָּא דָבֵר (= ‘go and see how the people behave in this matter’).]

פּוּקָה f.n. tottering, staggering (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 25:31). [Formed from פּוק ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פוֹקוּס m.n. FW focus. [L. focus (= hearth) (in Vulgate L. ‘fire’), which is of uncertain origin. The word focus was introduced into mathematics by Kepler in 1604.]

פּוֹקִר adj. & m.n. heretic. [Act. part. of פָּקַר. See פקר.]

פּוֹקֶר m.n. FW poker (a card game). [Perhaps from Ger. Poch, Poche, Pochspiel, a card game resembling poker, from pochen (= to knock, rap; to brag, boast, defy). The game is so called in allusion to the boastful words of the player Ich poche (= I defy).]

פור to annul, frustrate.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיר he annulled, frustrated.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַר was annulled, was violated, was frustrated. [Related to פרר ᴵ.] Derivatives: הֲפָרָה, מוּפָר.

פּוּר m.n. lot. [Identified in the Book of Esther 3:7 and 9:24 with הַגּוֹרָל (= the lot). פּוּר meant perhaps orig. ‘a stone for casting lots’, and was borrowed from Akka. pūru, būru (= stone, urn), which itself is prob. a loan word from Sumerian bur. cp. פּוּרִים.]

פּוּרָה ᴵ f.n. 1 wine press. [Prob. derived from פור. Appearing also in Arab. fāra (= it bubbled, boiled over). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פּוּרָה ᴵᴵ MH ‘Purah’ — name of the angel of forgetfulness. [Of unknown origin.]

פּוֹרֶה adj. fruitful, fertile, prolific. [Act. part. of פָּרָה. See פּרה.] Derivative: פּוֹרִיּוּת.

פוֹרוּם m.n. FW forum. [L. forum (= public place, market place, market), prob. meaning lit. ‘a place fenced by planks’, and related to forus (= plank, board), from IE base * bhoros (= something cut, section), and to L. * barra (= beam, rafter), a word of Gaulish origin. See בַּר (= bar), and cp. ‘forum’ in my CEDEL.]

פוּרוּנְקוּל m.n. FW furuncle. [L. fūrunculus (= a petty thief; a boil, furuncle), dimin. of fūr (= thief), which is cogn. with Gk. phor (= thief), properly ‘he who carries things away’), and stands in gradational relationship to L. ferre (= to bear, carry). See ׳מֶטָפוֹרָה׳ and cp. פוּרוּנְקוּלוֹסִיס.]

פוּרוּנְקוּלוֹסִיס f.n. furunculosis (disease). [Medical L. fūrunculosis, a hybrid coined from L. fūrunculus (see פוּרוּנְקוּל) and Gk. suff. – osis (see ‘–osis’ in my CEDEL.).]

פּוֹרֵֽחַ ᴵ adj. (pl. פּוֹרְחוֹת) blooming, blossoming, flourishing. [Act. part. of פָּרַח. See פרח ᴵ.]

פּוֹרֵֽחַ ᴵᴵ adj. flying. [Act. part. of פָּרַח. See פרח ᴵ and cp. פּוֹרְחוֹת.]

פּוֹרְחוֹת f.n. pl. PBH cirrus clouds. [f. pl. of פּוֹרֵחַ. See פרח ᴵᴵ.]

פוֹרְטֶה adj. & adv. FW forte (music). [It. forte (= strong), from L. fortis, which is related to Old L. forctus, horctus (= good). These words prob. derive from IE base * bherḡh– (= high, to raise). See ‘borough’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוּרְיָא, פּוּרְיָה f.n. PBH (pl. פּוּרְיָתָא) couch, bed. [Aram., borrowed from Gk. phoreion (= litter), which is related to phora (= a carrying, bringing), from the stem of pherein (= to bear, carry). See אֲנָפוֹרָה and cp. אַפִּרְיוֹן.]

פּוֹרִיּוּת f.n. NH fruitfulness, fertility. [Formed from פּוֹרֶה with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוּרִיזְם m.n. FW purism. [Fren. purisme, from pur, from L. purus (= pure, clean), which is related to putus (= clear, pure), putāre (= to cleanse, clean). See ‘putative’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פּוּרִיזֽם see suff. ◌ִיזְם. cp. פּוּרִיטָנִי.]

פּוּרִיטָנִי adj. FW puritan. [Eng. puritan, (lit. ‘a purifier’), from L. pūritās (= cleanness, purity), from pūrus. See פּוּרִיזְם. For the ending of פּוּרִיטָנִי see suff. ◌ָנִי.] Derivative: פּוּרִיטָנִיּוּת.

פּוּרִיטָנִיּוּת f.n. FW puritanism. [Formed from פּוּרִיטָנִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּוּרִים m.n. ‘Purim’, the Festival occurring on the 14th of Adar and celebrating the rescue of the Jews in Persia. [See Book of Esther 9:26, 29 and 32. Orig. the pl. of פּוּר (= lot), q.v.] Derivative: פּוּרִימִי.

פּוּרִימִי adj. NH of Purim. [Formed from פּוּרִים with suff. ◌ִי.]

פוֹרְמָה f.n. FW form. [L. forma (= form, shape, figure, outline, plan, pattern), prob. borrowed from Gk. morphe (= form; see מוֹרְפֵימָה), through the medium of the Etruscans. The intermediate form was prob. *morma. See ‘form’ (n.) in my CEDEL, and cp. פוֹרְמָלִי, פוֹרֽמוּלָה, פוֹרְמָט, פוֹרְמָלִין, פוֹרְמַצְיָה, טְרַנְסְפוֹרְמָטוֹר and the second element in רֶפוֹרְמָה, פּֽלַטֽפוֹרְמָה, קוֹנְפוֹרְמִי.]

פוֹרְמוּלָה f.n. FW formula. [L. formula (= a small form, formula), dimin. of forma. See פוֹרְמָה.]

פוֹרְמָט m.n. FW format. [Fren. format, from It. formato (= form, figure), from L. formātus (= formed), p. part. of formāre (= to form), from forma. See פוֹרְמָה.]

פוֹרְמָלִי adj. FW formal. [L. formālis (= of a form, of a set form, formal), from forma (see פוֹרְמָה). For the L. ending – ālis see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL; for the ending ◌ִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פוֹרְמָלִיּוּת.

פוֹרְמָלִיּוּת f.n. FW formalism; formalities. [Formed from פוֹרְמָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פוֹרְמָלִיזְם m.n. FW formalism. [Formed from L. formālis. See פוֹרְמָלִי with suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פוֹרְמָלִין m.n. FW formalin (chemistry). [Eng. formalin, formed from the abbreviation of formaldehyde, which is compounded of form– (= formic), and aldehyde (see these words in my CEDEL.) For the ending ◌ִין see chemical suff. ‘–in’ in my CEDEL.]

פוֹרְמָלִיּסְט m.n. FW formalist. [Formed from L. formālis. See פוֹרְמָלִי and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.]

פוֹרְמַצְיָה f.n. FW formation. [L. formātiō (= a forming, shaping), from formātus, p. part. of formāre (= to form), from forma. See פוֹרְמָה and suff. ◌ִצְיָה.]

פּוּרְנָה f.n. PBH oven. [From L. furnus, also fornus (= oven), which is related to formus (= warm), and cogn. with Gk. thermos, Old Eng. wearm (= warm). See ‘warm’ in my CEDEL.]

פּוֹרְנוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW pornographic. [Back formation from פּוֹרֽנוֹגְרַפְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פּוֹרְנוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW pornography. [Lit. ‘a description of prostitutes’, compounded of Gk. porne (= harlot), and graphia (= description of), from graphein (= to write). Gk. porne orig. meant ‘bought, purchased’, and is related to pernemi (= I sell; properly ‘I give for equal value’), priamai (= I buy; properly ‘I take for equal value’), and cogn. with L. pār (= equal), pretium(= price). See ‘pair’ in my CEDEL. cp. פַּלְטֵר.]

פּוֹרְנִי f.n. PBH harlot. [Aram., from Gk. porne (= harlot).] Derivative: פּוֹרְנוֹגְרַפְיָה.

פּוֹרֵֽעַ m.n. NH rioter. [Subst. use of the act. p. of פָּרַע. See פרע ᴵV.]

פּוֹרְפָה f.n. PBH buckle. [Aram., from Gk. porpe (= hook).]

פּוֹרְפִירָה f.n. NH (also PBH פּוֹרְפִירָן) purple garment. [From Gk. porphyra (see פָּרְפּוּרִיָּה).]

פּוֹרֵץ adj. & n. 1 breaking through. 2 breaker, destroyer. NH 3 burglar. [Act. part. of פָּרַץ. See פרץ.] Derivative: פּוֹרְצָנִי.

פּוֹרְצָנִי adj. NH breaking through. [Formed from פּוֹרֵץ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פּוּרְקָן see פֻּרְקָן.

פּוֹרֶֽקֶת f.n. NH lighter (boat). [Subst. use of the f. act. part. of פָּרַק, (= he unloaded). See פרק.]

פּוֹרֵשׁ m.n. NH dissident. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּרַשׁ. See פרשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

פּוּרְתָּא, פֻּרְתָּא f.n. PBH a little. [Aram., lit. broken part, fragment, from פְּרַת (= he broke, split), which is related to Arab. faritha (= was split), Ethiop. ’afrasa (= he tore asunder, demolished, destroyed).]

פוֹש ᴵ to be strong, increase, spread.
    — Qal - פָּשׁ he increased, spread.
    — Niph. - נָפוֹשׁ he was scattered, was dispersed. [Prob. related to Aram. פּוּשׁ (= to increase, spread), נְפִישׁ (= numerous). Prob. related to פוץ ᴵ. Most modern commentators, however, think that the meaning of this base is ‘to spring about’.]

פושׁ ᴵᴵ ‘to rest’.
    — Qal - פָּשׁ he rested.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִישׁ he caused to rest, gave rest. [A secondary base of נפשׁ.]

פּוֹשֵׁט adj. & n. 1 stripping, removing. PBH 2 extending, spreading. [Act. part. of פָּשַׁט. See פשׁט.]

פּוֹשֵׁעַ adj. & n. 1 transgressor. NH 2 criminal. [Act. part. of פָּשַׁע. See פשׁע.] Derivatives: פּוֹשְׁעָנוּת, פּוֹשְׁעָנִי.

פּוֹשְׁעָנוּת f.n. NH criminality. [Formed from פּוֹשֵׁעַ with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

פוֹשְׁעָנִי adj. NH criminal. [Formed from פּוֹשֵׁעַ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פּוֹשֵׁר adj. & n. PBH 1 lukewarm (in the Talmud the word occurs only in the pl. and is used as a noun, פּוֹשְׁרִין, ‘lukewarm water’). NH 2 indifferent.

פּוֹת see פֹּת.

פּוֹתֶה adj. simple, foolish. [Act. part. of פָּתָה. See פתה.]

פּוֹתָה f.n. hole for a hinge (in the Bible occurring only Kin. I 7:50). [Of uncertain origin; prob. not related to פֹּת.]

פּוֹתְחָן m.n. NH can opener. [Formed from פּתח (= to open), with suff. ◌ָן.]

פּוֹתַֽחַת f.n. PBH 1 lock. NH 2 key. [Subst. use of the f. act. part. of פָּתַח. See פתח.]

פּוֹתֵר m.n. solver, interpreter. [Subst. use of the act. part. of פָּתַר. See פתר.]

פָּז m.n. pure gold. [Related to Aram. פִּזָּא (= pure gold), פִּזּוּזָא (= of pure gold). Of uncertain etymology.] Derivatives: פזז ᴵᴵ, פִּזּוּי.

פִּזּוּז m.n. MH dancing, leaping, skipping. [Verbal n. of פִּזֵּז, Pi. of פזז ᴵ.]

פִּזּוּי m.n. MH gilding. [From פָּז.]

פִּזּוּל m.n. NH squint, strabismus. [Verbal n. of פִּזֵּל, Pi. of פזל.]

פִּזּוּם m.n. NH humming (a tune). [Verbal n. of פִּזֵּם, Pi. of פזם.]

פָּזוּר adj. scattered, dispersed (in the Bible occurring only Jer. 3:17 in the f. form פְּזוּרָה). [Pass. part. of פָּזַר. See פזר.] Derivative: פְּזוּרָה.

פִּזּוּר m.n. PBH scattering, dispersal, dispersion. [Verbal n. of פִּזֵּר, Pi. of פזר.]

פְּזוּרָה f.n. MH dispersion; the Diaspora. [Subst. use of the f. pass. part. of פָּזַר. See פזר.]

פזז ᴵ to move quickly, be agile, be supple.
    — Qal - פָּזַז 1 he moved quickly, was agile, was supple (in the Bible occurring only Gen. 49:24 in the form וַיָּפֹזוּ); PBH 2 it jingled, rustled.
    — Pi. - פִּזֵּז he leaped, danced (in the Bible occurring only Sam. II 6:16). [Aram. פְּזִיזָא (= hasty), Syr. פַז (= he leaped, frisked), פַּזִּיזָא (= agile, nimble, frisky), Arab. fazza (= he jumped up, started). cp. פְּזִיזָא.] Derivatives: פִּזּוּי, פַּזְּזָן, פָּזִיז.

פזז ᴵᴵ to be gilded, be purified.
    — Hiph. - הֵפֵז he purified, gilded.
    — Hoph. - הוּפָז 1 it was purified; NH 2 it was gilded. See מוּפָז. [Denominated from פָּז.] Derivative: הֲפָזָה.

פַּזְּזָן adj. NH dancing. [From פזז ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.]

פָּזִיז adj. NH hasty, rash; fickle, fickle-minded. [From Aram. פְּזִיזָא (q.v.).]

פְּזִיזָא adj. PBH (pl. פְּזִיזִין) overhasty, rash. [Aram., from פזז ᴵ. cp. פְּזִיזוּת.]

פְּזִיזוּת f.n. NH 1 haste, rashness. 2 fickleness, fickle-mindedness. [Formed from פָּזִיז with suff. ◌וּת. cp. Aram. פְּזִיזוּתָא (= haste, rashness).]

פְּזִילָה f.n. NH squinting. [Verbal n. of פָּזַל. See פזל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּזִימָה f.n. NH humming a tune. [Verbal n. of פָּזַם. See פזם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פזל to squint.
    — Qal - פַָּזַל he squinted.
    — Niph. - נִפְזַל he became squint-eyed.
    — Hiph. - הִפְזִיל he cast a squinting glance. [Of unknown etymology.] Derivatives: פַּזְלָן, פַּזֶּלֶת, פִּזּוּל, פְּזִילָה, פּוֹזֵל.

פַּזְלָן m.n. NH a squint-eyed person. [Formed from פזל with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּזְלָנוּת, פַּזְלָנִי.

פַּזְלָנוּת f.n. NH squinting, strabismus. [Formed from פַּזְלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּזְלָנִי adj. NH squint-eyed. [Formed from פַּזְלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּזֶּֽלֶת f.n. NH squint-eyedness, strabismus. [Coined from פּזל (= to squint), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פזם to sing.
    — Qal - פָּזַם he sang, hummed (a tune).
    — Pi. - פִּזֵּם (of s.m.).
    — Pu. - פֻּזַּם was sung, was hummed.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּזֵּם was humming in one’s mind. [From Aram. פַּזֵּם (= he praised), a verb denominated from פַּזְמָא, פִּזְמָא (= song, hymn), which is prob. a loan word from Gk. psalmos (= plucking, twitching, of the harp), whence ‘song, psalm’, from psallein (= to pluck, twitch the harp, to play on a stringed instrument). According to some scholars Aram. פַּזְמָא is Sem. And related to Ethiop. wāzēmā (= ecclesiastic hymn). cp. פִּזְמוֹן. cp. also פְּסַנְתֵּר and שַׁלְמוֹנִית.] Derivatives: פִּזּוּם, פְּזִימָה.

פִּזְמוֹן m.n. (pl. פִּזְמוֹנִים, also פִּזְמוֹנוֹת) MH 1 liturgical hymn. MH 2 refrain. NH 3 popular song, chanson. [From Aram. פִּזְמָא (see פזם). For the ending see suff. ◌וֹן ᴵⱽ.] Derivative: פזמן.

פִּזְמוּן m.n. NH writing or performing popular songs or chansons. [Verbal n. of פִּזְמֵן. See פזמן.]

פִּזְמוֹנָאוּת f.n. NH song writing. [From פִּזְמוֹן with suff. ◌ָאוּת.]

פִּזְמוֹנַאי m.n. NH 1 song writer. 2 songster. [Formed from פִּזְמוֹן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

פזמן to write (or sing) songs.
    — Pi. - פִּזְמֵן he wrote (or sang) songs. [Denominated from פִּזְמוֹן.]

פֻּזְמָק see פּוּזְמָק.

פזמק to make wear socks or stockings.
    — Pi. - פִּזְמֵק he made someone wear socks or stockings, socked, stockinged.
    — Pu. - פֻּזְמַק was made to wear socks or stockings, was socked, was stockinged. [Denominated from פּוּזְמָק.] Derivatives: פִּזְמוּק, מְפֻזְמָק.

פזר to scatter, disperse.
    — Qal - פָּזַר he scattered, dispersed.
    — Niph. - נִפְזַר was scattered, dispersed (in the Bible occurring only Ps. 141:7).
    — Pi. - פִּזֵּר 1 he scattered, dispersed; 2 he lavished, squandered.
    — Pu. - פֻּזַּר was scattered, was dispersed (in the Bible occurring only Est. 3:8 in the part.; see מְפֻזָּר).
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּזֵּר was scattered, was dispersed. [Aram.–Syr. בַּדַּר, also BAram., (= he scattered), Arab. fazara (= he rent, slit; he separated, dispersed), related to the bases בזר, בדר. Arab. badhara, also bazara (= he sowed, disseminated), is an Aram. loan word.] Derivatives: פִּזָּרוֹן, פַּזְּרָן, פִּזּוּר, הִתְפַּזְּרוּת, מִפְזָר, תִּפְזֹרֶת. cp. פָּזֵר.

פָּזֵר m.n. MH ‘pazer’, name of a disjuncture accent placed over the word; its form is ◌֡. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from Aram. פִּזְרָא (= stick), which prob. meant originally ‘that which is used to scatter or drive off (intruders)’, and derives from פזר.]

פִּזָּרוֹן m.n. (pl. פִּזְרוֹנִים, also פִּזְרוֹנוֹת) MH 1 scattering, dispersion. NH 2 prodigality, lavishness. [Formed from פזר with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פַּזְּרָן m.n. NH squanderer, spendthrift, an extravagant person. [Formed from פִּזֵּר, Pi. of פזר, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּזְּרָנוּת, פַּזְּרָנִי.

פַּזְּרָנוּת f.n. MH squandering, extravagant. [Formed from פַּזְּרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּזְּרָנִי adj. NH squandering, extravagant. [Formed from פַּזְּרָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּח ᴵ m.n. 1 plate of metal. NH 2 tin. Derivatives: פַּחוֹן, פֶּחָח, פַּחִית.

פַּח ᴵᴵ snare, trap. [From base פחח, whence also Aram.–Syr. פַּחָא, prob. also Akka. paḫu. Arab. faḫḫ is an Aram. loan word.]

פָּח m.n. PBH (in the phrase פָּחֵי־נֶפֶשׁ)disappointment. [Prob. derived from פוח.]

פחד to dread, fear, be in awe.
    — Qal - פָּחַד he dreaded, feared, was in awe.
    — Niph. - נִפְחַד was frightened.
    — Pi. - פִּחֵד 1 he was in great dread; MH 2 he frightened.
    — Pu. - פֻּחַד PBH 1 was frightened, was alarmed; MH 2 he was dreaded, was feared.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּחֵד was frightened.
    — Hiph. - הִפְחִיד he filled with dread, frightened.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְחֵד was frightened. [Aram. פְּחַד (= he dreaded, feared).] Derivatives: פַּחַד ᴵ, פַּחְדוּת, פָּחוּד, פְּחִידָה, הַפְחָדָה, הִתְפַּחֲדוּת, מֻפְחָד, מְפֻחָד.

פַּֽחַד ᴵ m.n. 1 dread, fright, terror, fear. 2 object of fear. [From פחד. cp. פַּחְדָּה.]

פַּֽחַד ᴵᴵ m.n. (dual פַּחֲדַיִם) thigh (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 40:17 in the form פַּחֲדָיו). [Related to Arab. faḫidh, Syr. פּוּחְדָא (= thigh).]

פַּחְדָּה, פְּחָדָה f.n. dread, fear, awe (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 2:19). [A secondary form of פַּחַד ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּחְדוּת f.n. PBH dread, fear. [Formed from פחד with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחְדָן adj. MH timid, cowardly. [Formed from פַּחַד ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּחְדָנוּת, פַּחְדָנִי.

פַּחְדָנוּת f.n. NH timidity. [Formed from פַּחְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחְדָנִי adj. NH cowardly. [Formed from פַּחְדָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פֶּחָה m.n. (pl. פַּחוֹת) 1 governor. NH 2 pasha. [A loan word from Akka. paḫātu (= governor), shortened from bēl paḥāti (= lord of a district). cp. פֶּחָם ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: פַּחֲוָה.

פָּחוּד adj. MH frightened, terrified, afraid. [Pass. part. of פָּחַד. See פחד.]

פַּחֲוָה f.n. 1 province under the rule of a governor. NH 2 pashalik. [The word occurs Ez. 8:36 in the phrase פַּחֲווֹת עֵבֶר הַנָּהָר, which is rendered ‘the provinces beyond the river’. However, according to most scholars פַּחֲווֹת is the c. st. of the pl. of פֶּחָה and the phrase really means ‘the governors beyond the river’.]

פָּחוּז adj. MH hasty. [Pass. part. of פָּחַז. See פחז.] Derivative: פְּחִיזוּת.

פִּחוּם m.n. NH carbonization. [Verbal n. of פִּחֵם, Pi. of פחם.]

פַּחוֹן m.n. NH tin hut. [Formed from פַּח ᴵ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

פָּחוּס adj. squeezed, flattened, flat. [Pass. part. of פָּחַס. See פחס.] Derivative: פְּחִיסוּת.

פָּחוּת adj. PBH inferior. [Pass. part. of פָּחַת. See פחת.] Derivative: פְּחִיתוּת.

פָּחוֹת adv. PBH less. [From פחת. It is very probable that the correct form of the word is פָּחוּת, which is nothing but the pass. part. of פָּחַת (see פָּחוּת). However, according to some scholars the proper form of the word is פָּחוֹת. Such is also the pronunciation of the Sephardim. The differentiation between פָּחוּת (adj.) and פָּחוֹת (adv.) is arbitrary.]

פִּחוּת m.n. MH reduction, devaluation. [Verbal n. of פִּחֵת, Pi. of פחת.]

פחז to be wanton, be reckless.
    — Qal - פָּחַז 1 was wanton, was reckless (in the Bible occurring only Jud. 9:4 and Zeph. 3:4); NH 2 he hastened, was in a hurry.
    — Pi. - פּֽחֵז was boastful.
    — Hiph. - הִפְּחִיז he made (a person) reckless. [Aram. פְּחַז (= he was wanton, was reckless), Syr. פַּחֵז (= he acted lewdly), פַּחְזָא (= wanton, lascivious), Arab. faḫaza (= was boastful; orig. ‘it foamed’). The original meaning of this base prob. was ‘to swell, to rise’. In some meanings this base appears as a metathesized form of חפז.] Derivatives: פַּחַז, פַּחֲזוּת, פַּהֲזָן, פַּחֲזָנִית, פָּחוּז, פְּחִיזָה, פּוֹחֵז.

פַּֽחַז m.n. 1 wantonness, recklessness, instability (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 49:4). NH 2 haste. [From פחז.] Derivative: פַּחֲזָה.

פַּחֲזָה f.n. NH wantonness, recklessness. [From פַּחַז. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּחֲזוּת f.n. wantonness, recklessness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 23:32 in the suffixed form פַּחֲזוּתָם). [Formed from פחז with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחֲזָן m.n. NH a wanton or reckless person. [Formed from פחז with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּחֲזָנוּת, פַּחֲזָנִי.

פַּחֲזָנוּת f.n. NH wantonness, recklessness. [Formed from פַּחֲזָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחֲזָנִי adj. NH wanton, reckless. [Formed from פַּחֲזָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחֲזָנִית f.n. NH cream puff. [Formed from פחז with suff. ◌ָנִית.]

פחח to trap, ensnare.
    — Hiph. - הֵפַח he trapped, ensnared (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 42:22 in the inf. הָפֵחַ). [Base of פַּח ᴵᴵ.]

פֶּחָח m.n. NH tinsmith. [Nomen opificis, formed from פַּח ᴵ.] Derivatives: פֶּחָחוּת, פֶּחָחִיָּה.

פֶּחָחוּת f.n. NH tinsmithing. [Formed from פֶּחָח with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֶּחָחִיָּה f.n. NH tinsmithy. [Formed from פֶּחָח with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פְּחִידָה f.n. fear, dread. [Verbal n. of פָּחַד. See פחד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּחִיזָה f.n. MH wantonness, recklessness. [Verbal n. of פָּחַז. See פחז and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּחִיזוּת f.n. MH wantonness, recklessness. [Formed from פָּחוּז with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּחֵי־נֶפֶשׁ see פָּח.

פְּחִיסָה f.n. MH squeezing, flattening. [Verbal n. of פָּחַס. See פחס and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּחִיסוּת f.n. NH being flattened. [Formed from פָּחוּס with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּחִית f.n. NH 1 a small plate. 2 a tin can. [Formed from פַּח ᴵ with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

פְּחִיתָה m.n. PBH 1 digging, boring. MH 2 decrease, lessening. [Verbal n. of פָּחַת. See פחת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּחִיתוּת f.n. MH 1 decrease, lessening. 2 disparagement. [Formed from פָּחוּת with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֹּֽחַל m.n. PBH (pl. פָּחֳלִין, inexactly פּוּחְלִין) a loaded double bag put on the back of an ass or a camel. [It occurs in the Tosephta in the pl. form פָּחֳלִין (cp. עֳקָצִין, pl. of עֹקֶץ). Prob. related to Syr. פָּחְלָא, פָּחְלְתָא, Akka. puḫalu (= testicle); the bag having been called פֹּחַל in allusion to its shape suggestive of testicles.]

פִּחְלוּץ m.n. NH stuffing (of an animal). [Verbal n. of פִּחְלֵץ. See פחלץ.]

פחלץ to stuff (an animal).
    — Pi. - פִּחְלֵץ he stuffed (an animal).
    — Pu. - פֻּחְלַץ was stuffed (said of an animal). [Denominated from פּוּחְלָץ.] Derivatives: פִּחְלוּץ, מְפֻחְלָץ.

פֶּחָם ᴵ m.n. 1 charcoal, coal. PBH 2 soot. [Related to Syr. פַּחְמָא, Ugar. pḥm, Arab. faḥm, Ethiop. feḥm (= charcoal), Akka. pēntu (= coal). These words derive ultimately from פוח or נפח (= to blow).] Derivatives: פחם, פַּחֲמוֹן, פֶּחָמִי, פַּחְמָן, פַּחֶמֶת.

פֶּחָם ᴵᴵ m.n. governor (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Neh. 5:14). [A secondary form of פֶּחָה. However, it is possible that פֶּחָם is a suffixed form of פֶּחָה and means ‘their governor’.]

פחם to blacken, make charcoal.
    — Pi. - פִּחֵם PBH 1 blackened; NH 2 he made charcoal; NH 3 he removed coal, decarbonized (first used in this sense by H.N. Bialik).
    — Pu. - פֻּחַם 1 was blackened; 2 was carbonized, became charcoal.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּחֵם PBH 1 was blackened; NH 2 was carbonized, became charcoal; NH 3 was electrocuted.
    — Niph. - נִפְחַם 1 was blackened; 2 was carbonized, became charcoal.
    — Hiph. - הִפְחִים he blackened. [Denominated from פֶּחָם ᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּחוּם, הַפְחָמָה, הִתְפַּחֲמוּת, מְפֻחָם.

פַּחְמָה f.n. NH carbonate (chemistry). [From פַּחְמָן. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: פַּחְמָתִי.

פַּחֲמוֹן m.n. NH ustilago. [From פֶּחָם ᴵ.]

פִּחְמוּן m.n. NH carbonization. [Verbal n. of פִּחְמֵן, Pi. of פחמן.]

פֶּחָמִי m.n. (pl. פֶּחָמִים) PBH 1 charcoal burner. MH 2 smith. [Formed from פֶּחָם with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחְמִי adj. NH carbonic. [Formed from פֶּחָם ᴵ with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחְמֵימָה f.n. NH carbohydrate (chemistry). [Contraction of פַּחְמָן (= carbon), and מֵימָה (= hydrate).] Derivative: פַּחְמֵימָתִי.

פַּחְמֵימָן m.n. NH hydrocarbon (chemistry). [Contraction of פַּחְמָן (= carbon), and מֵימָן (= hydrogen).]

פַּחְמֵימָתִי adj. NH carbohydrous. [Formed from פַּחְמֵימָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחְמָן m.n. NH carbon (chemistry). [Formed from פָּחָם ᴵ with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פּחמן, פַּחֽמָה, פַּחְמָנִי.

פחמן to carbonize.
    — Pi. - פִּחְמֵן he carbonized.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּחְמֵן was carbonized. [Denominated from פַּחְמָן.] Derivative: פִּחְמוּן.

פַּחְמָנִי adj. NH carbonic. [Formed from פַּחְמָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּחֶֽמֶת f.n. NH anthrax (disease). [Coined from פֶּחָם (= coal), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פַּחְמָתִי adj. NH carbonaceous. [Formed from פַּחְמָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פחס to squeeze, flatten.
    — Qal - פָּחַס he squeezed, flattened.
    — Niph. - נִפְחַס was squeezed, was flattened.
    — Pi. - פִּחֵס he squeezed, flattened.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּחֵס was squeezed, was flattened. [Aram. פְּחַשׁ (= he squeezed). Of uncertain etymology.] Derivatives: פָּחוּס, פְּחִיסָה.

פִּחְפּֽוּחַ m.n. NH blowing. [Verbal n. of פחפח.]

פחפח to blow.
    — Pi. - פִּחְפַּח he blew. [Pilp. of פוח.] Derivative: פִּחְפּוּחַ.

פֶּחָר m.n. 1 potter. MH 2 earthen vessel. [From BAram. פֶּחָר, which together with Aram. פַּחָר, Syr. פַּחָרָא, is prob. borrowed from Akka. paḫ(ḫ)āru (= potter). Arab. faḫḫārī (= potter) is borrowed from Aram. cp. פּוֹחֵר.] Derivative: פחר.

פחר to burn pottery.
    — Qal - פָּחַר he burned (pottery).
    — Pi. - פִּחֵר (of s.m.).
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּחֵר was burned (said of pottery). [Denominated from פֶּחָר.]

פחת to dig, hollow; to diminish.
    — Qal - פָּחַת tr. & intr. v. 1 he dug, hollowed out; 2 he reduced, lessened, diminished; 3 was reduced, was lessened, was diminished.
    — Niph. - נִפְחַת PBH 1 was reduced, was lessened, was diminished; NH 2 was subtracted; PBH 3 was spoiled.
    — Pi. - פִּחֵת PBH 1 he reduced, lessened, decreased, made smaller; NH 2 he devaluated.
    — Pu. - פֻּחַת was reduced, was lessened, was decreased.
    — Hiph. - הִפְחִית NH 1 he reduced, lessened, decreased; PBH 2 he damaged; PBH 3 was damaged.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְחַת was reduced, was lessened, was decreased. [Syr. פְּחֵת (= he dug, burrowed), פַּחֵת (= he pierced, broke through), Arab. faḫata (= he cut off). Prob. related also to Akka. patāḫu (= to bore), and to פתח ᴵᴵ (q.v.). Base of פַּחַת and פְּחֶתֶת.] Derivatives: פְּחָת, פַּחְתִּי, פָּחוּת, פָּחוֹת, פִּחוּת, פְּחִיתָה, הַפְחָתָה, הִפָּחֲתוּת, הִתְפַּחֲתוּת, מֻפְחָת, מַפְחֵת.

פַּֽחַת m. & f.n. (pl. פְּחָתִים) pit. [From פחת, whence also Aram. פַּחְתָּא, Syr. פֶּחְתָּא (= pit).]

פְּחָת m.n. PBH 1 decrease, diminution. NH 2 loss. NH 3 depreciation, amortization. [From פחת.]

פַּחְתִּי adj. MH defective. [Formed from פַּחַת with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּחֶֽתֶת f.n. 1 sunken spot — in leprosy (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 13:55). NH 2 defect, fault. [From פחת.]

פַּט m.n. FW stalemate. [From It. patta (= agreement, coercion).]

פִּטְדָה f.n. a precious stone, prob. the ‘topaz’. [Prob. a loan word from Old I. pītaḥ (= topaz; lit.: ‘the yellow’), which is of uncertain origin.]

פָטָה־מוֹרְגָנָה m.n. FW fata morgana. [It. fata morgana, a name orig. given to the mirages that are often to be seen in the streets of Messina. The name lit. means ‘the fairy Morgana’. For the etymology of It. fata, see פֵיָה. Morgana derives from Arab. marjān (= pearl), used also as a female name, and is to be explained from the Arabic popular belief which ascribes mirages to the work of the sorceress Marjā́n. See פָטָלִי and מַרְגָּנִית.]

פְּטוֹטֶֽרֶת f.n. PBH 1 stem or stalk of fruit. NH 2 petiole (botany). [Prob. standing for פְּטַרְטֶרֶת and derived from פטר (= to break open). See פָּטוּר. cp. חֲצוֹצֶרֶת (= trumpet), which prob. stands for חֲצַרְצֶרֶת (from base חצר), and שְׁפוֹפֶרֶת (= tube), which stands for שְׁפַרְפֶּרֶת (dimin. from שׁוֹפָר).]

פָּטוּם adj. PBH 1 fattened, stuffed. MH 2 mixed, compounded (incense). NH 3 filled (pipe). [From פטם.]

פִּטּוּם m.n. NH 1 fattening, stuffing. PBH 2 mixing or compounding (incense). NH 3 filling (a pipe). [Verbal n. of פִּטֵּם, Pi. of פטם.]

פֶּטוּנְיָה f.n. FW Petunia (a genus of plants). [Modern L. petunia, from Fren. petun (= tobacco plant), from Portuguese petum(e), from Guarani petī. For the ending of petunia see first suff. ‘-ia’ in my CEDEL.]

פָּטוּר ᴵ m.n. open blossom (occurring Kin. I 6:18, 27, 32, 35, in the phrase פְּטוּרֵי צִיצִים). [Pass. part. of פָּטַר (= it broke open). See פטר.]

פָּטוּר ᴵᴵ adj. exempt, free (in the Bible occurring only Chron. I 9:33). [Pass. part. of פָּטַר. See פטר and cp. פָּטוּר ᴵ.]

פִּטּוֹר m.n. PBH a word of uncertain origin and meaning; usually rendered by ‘rope’ or by ‘tumor’.

פִּטּוּר m.n. (mostly used in the pl. פִּטּוּרִים) 1 exemption. 2 divorce. 3 dismissal, discharge. [Verbal n. of פִּטֵּר, Pi. of פטר.]

פְּטוֹר m.n. PBH 1 quittance. NH 2 exemption, remission. [From פטר.]

פטט to prattle, chatter, babble.
    — Pi. - פִּטֵּט he prattled, chattered, babbled.
    — Pilp. - פִּטְפֵּט (see פִּטְפֵּט). [The orig. meaning of this imitative base is ‘to gabble’. cp. Arab. baṭbaṭa (= it quacked), baṭṭ (= duck), which are also imitative words.] Derivative: פַּטָּט.

פַּטָּט m.n. PBH prattler, chatterer, babbler. [From פִּטֵּט. See פטט and cp. פַּטִּיט.]

פַּטִּיט m.n. PBH prattler, chatterer, babbler. [A secondary form of פַּטָּט.]

פֶּטִיט m.n. FW petit (small typeface). [Fren. petit (= small, little), from a base of imitative origin, expressive of littleness in infant’s language.]

פְּטִילְיָּה f.n. PBH a small pan. [From L. patella (= small pan or dish, kneepan), dimin. of patina, patena (= a broad, shallow dish or pan), from Gk. patene (of s.m.).]

פַּטִּים m.n. PBH fat, fatling. [From פִּטֵּם, Pi. of פטם. cp. Aram. פַּטִּימָא (= fat).]

פְּטִימָה f.n. NH fattening, stuffing. [Verbal n. of פָּטַם. See פטם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פֶּטִיצְיָה f.n. FW petition. [Fren. pétition, from L. petitiō (= attack, request, petition), from petitus, p. part. of petere (= to fall upon, rush at, attack, assail; to seek, ask, request), whence appetere (= to strive after), competere (= to strive after something in company), impetus (= attack), from IE base * pet– (= to fly; to fall upon). See ‘feather’ in my CEDEL and cp. the second element in צֶנְטֽרִיפֶּטָלִי and in קוֹמְפֶּטֶנְטִי. cp. also סִימְפְּטוֹם.]

פְּטִירָה f.n. PBH 1 departure. 2 death (short for פְּטִירָה מִן הָעוֹלָם). [Verbal n. of פָּטַר. See פטר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּטִּישׁ m.n. hammer (in the Bible occurring only Is. 41:7; Jer. 23:29 and 50:23). [Related to Aram. פַּטִּישָׁא, Arab. fittīs (= hammer), fiṭṭīsa (= swine’s snout; so called after its shape), and to Syr. פַּטְשָׁא (= snub-nosed, flat-nosed).] Derivative: פַּטִּישׁוֹן.

פֶטִישׁ m.n. FW fetish. [Fren. fétiche, from Portuguese feitiço, from L. factīcius (= made by art), from faciō, facere (= to make). See פַקְטוֹר.] Derivative: פֶטִישִׁיזְם.

פַּטִּישׁוֹן m.n. NH a small hammer. [Formed from פַּטִּישׁ with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פֶטִישִׁיזְם m.n. FW fetishism. [Formed from פֶטִישׁ with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פֶּֽטֶל m.n. NH raspberry. [From Syr. פְּטַל.]

פָטָלִי adj. FW fatal. [Fren. fatal, from L. fātālis (= ordained by fate), from fātum (= oracle, fate, destiny; lit.: ‘that which is spoken’). See פַבּוּלָה and cp. פָטָה־מוֹרְגָנָה and פֵיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivatives: פָטָלִיוּת, פָטָלִיזְם, פָטָלִיסְט.

פָטָלִיּוּת f.n. FW fatalism. [Formed from פָטָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָטָלִיזְם m.n. FW fatalism. [See פָטָלִי and suff. ◌ִזְם.]

פָטָלִיסְט m.n. FW fatalist. [See פָטָלִי and suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

פטם to fatten, stuff.
    — Pi. - פִּטֵּם 1 he fattened, stuffed; 2 he mixed or compounded (ingredients); 3 he filled, crammed.
    — Pu. - פֻּטַּם PBH 1 was fattened, was stuffed; PBH 2 was mixed, was compounded; NH 3 was filled.
    — Niph. - נִפְטַם was fattened, was stuffed.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּטֵּם he stuffed himself, crammed himself, overate. [Aram.–Syr. פַּטֵּם (= he fattened, stuffed), whence Aram. פִּטְמָא, Syr. פֶּטְמָא (= fatness).] Derivatives: פַּטָּם, פֶּטֶם, פְּטָם, פִּטְמָה, פִּטֹּמֶת, פָּטוּם, פִּטּוּם, פַּטִּים, פְּטִימָה, מֽפֻטָּם, מִפְטָמָה.

פַּטָּם m.n. PBH 1 fattener. 2 spicer, druggist. [Nomen opificis formed from פִּטֵּם, Pi. of פטם.]

פֶּֽטֶם m.n. PBH ingredients (for frankincense). [From פטם.]

פְּטָם m.n. PBH fattened ox. [From פטם.]

פִּטָּם, פִּטְמָה f.n. PBH 1 small protuberance on the blossom-end of fruits. NH 2 nipple. [From Aram. פִּטְמָא (= small protuberance on the blossom-end of fruits), a noun derived from פטם and lit. meaning ‘something thick’. cp. פִּטֹּמֶת.] Derivative: פִּטְמִית.

פִּטְמִית m.n. NH papilla. [Dimin. formed from פִּטְמָה.]

פִּטֹּֽמֶת f.n. PBH the ring round the nipple (of the breast). [A secondary form of פִּטְמָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת.]

פָּטֶנְט m.n. FW patent. [Fren. patent, from L. patēns, pres. part. of patēre (= to lie open), which is related to patulus (= extended, open), and cogn. with Gk. petannunai (= to spread out), from IE base * pet– (= to spread). See ‘fathom’ (n.) in my CEDEL and cp. פַּסָּט.]

פִּטָּס m.n. PBH cask, tub. [From Gk. pithos (= a large wine jar), which is cogn. with L. fidēlia (= clay vessel; orig. ‘anything tied up together’), fiscus (= woven basket, purse; treasury). See פִיסְקָלִי.]

פִּטְפּוּט ᴵ m.n. PBH leg of a tripod. [Of uncertain origin; perhaps reduplication formed from Gk. pous (= foot), for whose etymology see פֶּדָר.]

פִּטְפּוּט ᴵᴵ m.n. MH prattle, chatter, babble. [Verbal n. of פִּטְפֵּט. See פטפט.]

פטפט to prattle, chatter.
    — Pilp. - פִּטְפֵּט 1 he prattled, chattered, babbled; 2 he argued. [Pilp. of פטט. For other Pilp. verbs formed from ע״ע verbs cp. בזבז and words there referred to.] Derivatives: פִּטֽפּוּט ᴵᴵ, פַּטֽפּֽטָן.

פַּטְפְּטָן m.n. PBH prattler, babbler, chatterbox. [Formed from פטפט with suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּטְפְּטָנוּת, פַּטְפְּטָנִי.

פַּטְפְּטָנוּת f.n. NH chatter, babble. [Formed from פַּטֽפּֽטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּטְפְּטָנִי adj. NH prattling, chattering, babbling. [Formed from פַּטְפְּטָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פטר to open, break open; to separate, remove, set free.
    — Qal - פָּטַר 1 he set free, released, let out, dismissed; 2 they removed themselves, escaped; PBH 3 he discharged acquitted, exempted.
    — Niph. - נִפְטַר 1 was exempted, was set free; 2 he took leave, departed; 3 he departed this world, died (short for נִפְטַר מִן הָעוֹלָם).
    — Pi. - פִּטֵּר he dismissed, discharged.
    — Pu. - פֻּטַּר was dismissed, was discharged.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּטֵּר MH 1 was exempted, was set free; MH 2 he took leave, departed; NH 3 he resigned, tendered his resignation.
    — Hiph. - הִפְטִיר 1 he opened wide; PBH 2 he exempted, set free, dismissed; 3 he concluded. [Aram. פטר (= he freed, dismissed, let go), Syr. פְּטַר (= he left, went away, withdrew, departed), Arab. faṭara (= he cleft, split; he created), Ethiop. faṭara (= he created), Akka. paṭāru (= to split; to buy off, ransom, redeem), ipṭiru (= ranson). For the sense development of פטר cp. פצה and פקח.] Derivatives: פֶּטֶר, פְּטֹרֶת, פָּטוּר ᴵ, פָּטוּר ᴵᴵ, פִּטּוּר, פְּטוֹר, פְּטִירָה, הֶפְטֵר, הַפְטָרָה, הִפָּטְרוּת, הִתְפַּטְּרוּת, הִתְפֻּטְּרוּת, מַפְטִיר, מְפֻטָּר, תַּפְטִיר. cp. אַפְטָרָה. cp. also פְּטוֹטֶרֶת.

פֶּֽטֶר m.n. 1 that which first opens. NH 2 opening. NH 3 beginning. [From פטר. cp. פִּטְרָה.]

פִּטְרָה f.n. opening (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Num. 8:16 in the phrase פִּטְרֵת כָּל־רֶחֶם, ‘that which opens the womb, firstborn’). [A secondary form of פֶּטֶר. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּטְרוֹל m.n. FW patrol. [Fren. patrouille, back formation from patrouiller (= to trample, paddle in mud), which is a var. of patouiller, from patte (= paw, foot). See ‘patten’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to.] Derivative: פטרל.

פִּטְרוּל m.n. NH patrolling. [Verbal n. of פִּטְרֵל. See פטרל.]

פֶּטְרוֹל m.n. FW petrol. [Fren. pétrole, from Med. L. petroleum. See פֶּטְרוֹלֵיאוּם.]

פֶּטְרוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW petrology. [Compounded of Gk. petra (= rock), which is of uncertain origin, and logia, from logos. cp. the first element in פֶּטְרוֹסִילְיָה. For the etymology of logos see לוֹגוֹס.]

פֶּטְרוֹלֵיאוּם m.n. FW petroleum. [Med. L. petroleum, which is compounded of Gk. petra (= rock) and L. oleum (= oil). Gk. petra is of uncertain origin. L. oleum derives from Gk. elaion (= olive oil), which is prob. of Aegean (most likely Cretan) origin. See ‘oil’ in my CEDEL. cp. פֶּטְרוֹל.]

פַּטְרוֹן m.n. PBH 1 patron. NH 2 guardian. [Fren. patron, from L. patrōnus (= protector), from pater (= father), which is cogn. with Old I. pitár–, Gk. pater, Gothic fadar, etc. All these words are traceable to pa, a child’s word for father. cp. אָב ᴵ. cp. also פַּטְרִיּוֹט, פַּטְרִיצִי, and the first element in פַּטְרִיאַרְךְ.] Derivative: פַּטְרוֹנוּת.

פַּטְרוֹנוּת f.n. NH 1 patronage. 2 guardianship. [Formed from פַּטְרוֹן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֶּטְרוֹסִילְיָה f.n. FW (also פֶּטְרוֹסְלִינוֹן in PBH) petroselinum, parsley. [From Gk. petroselinon (= rock parsley), which is compounded of petra (= rock; see פֶּטְרוֹלוֹגְיָה), and selinon (= celery), a word of unknown etymology.]

פַּטְרִיאַרְךְ m.n. FW patriarch. [Late L. patriarcha, from Gk. patriarches (= father of a race), from patri (= family lineage), and arches (= leader). The first element derives from pater (= father; see פַּטְרוֹן). The second element is related to archos (= leader, chief, ruler; see אַרְכִי.]

פַּטְרִיאַרְכָט m.n. FW patriarchate. [Med. L. patriarchātus, from Late L. patriarcha (see פַּטְרִיאַרְךְ). For the ending see subst. suff. ‘–ate’ in my CEDEL.]

פַּטְרִיאַרְכָלִי adj. FW patriarchal. [Late L. patriarchālis, from patriarcha (see פַּטְרִיאַרְךְ). For the ending see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פַּטְרִיאַרְכָלִיּוּת.

פַּטְרִיאַרְכָלִיּוּת f.n. FW patriarchalism. [Formed from פַּטְרִיאַרֽכָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּטְרִיָּה f.n. PBH fungus, mushroom. [Related to Arab. futr (= fungi, mushrooms). Derivatives: פַּטֶּרֶת, תַּפְטִיר.

פַּטְרִיּוֹט m.n. FW patriot. [Late L. patriōta, from Gk. patriotes (= fellow countryman), from patrios (= of one’s fathers), from pater (= father). See פַּטְרוֹן.] Derivative: פַּטְרִיּוֹטִי.

פַּטְרִיּוֹטִי adj. FW patriotic. [See פַּטְרִיּוֹט and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פַּטְרִיּוֹטִיּוּת.

פַּטְרִיּוֹטִיּוּת f.n. FW patriotism. [Formed from פַּטְרִיּוֹטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּטְרִיּוֹטִיזְם m.n. FW patriotism. [See פַּטְרִיּוֹט and suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פַּטְרִיצִי m.n. FW patrician. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי From L. patricius (= of the rank of the patres or fathers, i.e. senators; patrician, noble), from patrēs (= fathers, senators), pl. of pater. See פַּטְרוֹן.]

פטרל to patrol.
    — Pi. - פִּטְרֵל he patroled. [Denominated from פַּטְרוֹל.] Derivative: פִּטֽרוּל.

פִּטֹּֽרֶת f.n. PBH (pl. פִּטּוֹרוֹת) excuse. [Formed from פִּטֵּר, Pi. of פטר, with suff. ◌ֶת.]

פַּטֶּֽרֶת f.n. NH mycosis, fungus disease. [Coined from פִּטְרִיָּה (= fungus, mushroom), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פִּי c. st. of פֶּה (= mouth).

פֵּי f.n. PBH (pl. פֵּאִין, also פֵּפִין, פֵּיפִין) . ‘Pe’ — a secondary form of פֵּא.

פֵיאוֹדָל m.n. FW feudal lord. [From Med. L. feudālis, from feudum, from feum, a word of Teutonic origin. cp. Gothic faíhu (= property), and see ‘fee’ (in both senses) in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פֵיאוֹדָלִי.

פֵיאוֹדָלִי adj. FW feudal. [Formed from פֵיאוֹדָל with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פֵיאוֹדָלִיּוּת.

פֵיאוֹדָלִיּוּת f.n. FW feudalism. [Formed from פֵיאוֹדָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֵיאוֹדָלִיזְם m.n. FW feudalism. [See פֵיאוֹדָל and suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פְּיָאנוֹ adv. FW piano (music). [It. piano, from L. plānus (= flat, smooth, even), later used also in the sense of ‘soft’, which derives from IE base *p(e)lā (= broad, flat, spread out). See פְּלָנִימֶטֶר and cp. פְּיָאנִסִּימוֹ.]

פְּיאָנִסִּימוֹ adj. FW pianissimo (music). [It. pianissimo, superlative of piano. See פְּיָאנוֹ.]

פיג to remove, to weaken. [Pi. of פוג (q.v.).]

פִּיֵּג see פוג.

פֵּיגָם m.n. PBH the herb rue. [From Gk. peganon (= the herb rue), which is prob. related to pegnunai (= to make firm); from IE base *pāĝ–, * pāk̑– (= to join together). See פָּצִיפִיזְם.]

פִּיגְמֶנְט m.n. FW pigment. [L. pigmentum (= coloring matter, paint), from the stern of pingere (= to paint), from IE base *peig– (= to adorn by coloring or carving). See ‘paint’ in my CEDEL and cp. the first element in פִּיקְטוֹגְרַמָּה and in פִּיקְטוֹגְרָף.]

פִּיגָ׳מָה f.n. FW pajamas. [Hindu pājāma, pāijāma (lit.: ‘leg garment’), from Pers. pā, pāī (= foot, leg), and jāma (= clothing, garment). Pers. pā, pāī is related to Avestic pad– (= foot), and cogn. with Gk. pous, L. pēs (= foot). See פֵּדָר.]

פִּיד ᴵ m.n. disaster, calamity. [Related to Arab. fayd and faud (= dying).]

פִּיד ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH picking of chickens. [Prob. of imitative origin.]

פִּיָּה f.n. NH 1 aperture, orifice. 2 mouthpiece. [Dimin. formed from פֶּה. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פֵיָה f.n. FW fairy. [Fren. fée (= fairy), from Vulgate L. fāta (= goddess of fate), from L. fātum (= fate). See פַבּוּלָה and cp. פָטָלִי. cp. also פָטָה־מוֹרְגָנָה.]

פִּיּֽוּחַ m.n. NH 1 covering with soot. 2 painting in charcoal. [Verbal n. of פִּיַּח, Pi. of פיח.]

פְּיוּ adj. FW more (used in musical terms). [It. più, from L. plus (= more). See פְּלוּס.]

פִּיּוּט m.n. PBH 1 invented story, parable, storytelling, poetry, poem. MH 2 liturgic poetry, hymn, song. [Derived from Gk. poietes, but Hebraized in form. Gk. poietes (= one who makes, artificer), derives from poiein (= to make), from IE base *qei– (= to make). cp. פַּיְטָן. cp. also פּוֹאֶטִיקָה, פּוֹאֶמָה, פּוֹאֶסְיָה, and the second element in אוֹנוֹמָטוֹפֵּיָה and in אֶפּוֹפֵיָה.] Derivatives: פיט, פִּיּוּטִי.

פִּיּוּטִי adj. MH poetic. [Formed from פִּיּוּט with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פִּיּוּטִיּוּת.

פִּיּוּטִיּוּת f.n. NH poetic vein or power, gift of poetry. [Formed from פִּיּוּטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּיּוּךְ m.n. NH painting, esp. the eyes. [Verbal n. of פִּיֵּךְ, Pi. of פיך.]

פִּיּוֹנִית f.n. NH a small aperture. [Dimin. formed from פֶּה.]

פִּיּוּס ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 apology. 2 persuasion. 3 appeasement, pacification, reconciliation. [Verbal n. of פִּיֵּס, Pi. of פיס ᴵ.]

פִּיּוּס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH casting lots. [Verbal n. of פִּיֵּס. See פיס ᴵᴵ.]

פְיוֹרְד m.n. FW fiord, fjord. [Norwegian fiord. Related to Eng. ford and cogn. with L. portus (= harbor; orig. ‘entrance, passage’). See ‘ford’ in my CEDEL.]

פִּֽיחַ m.n. soot (in the Bible occurring only Ex. 9:8 and 10). [Derived from פוח (= to breathe, blow).] Derivatives: פיח, פִּיחוֹן.

פיח to cover with soot; to paint in charcoal.
    — Pi. - פִּיַּח he covered with soot; he painted in charcoal.
    — Pu. - פֻּיַּח was covered with soot; was painted in charcoal.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּיַּח he covered himself with soot. [Denominated from פִּיחַ.] Derivatives: הִתְפַּיּֽחוּת, מְפֻיָּח, פִּיּוּחַ.

פִּיחָה f.n. PBH 1 breaking wind. 2 stench, sin. [Verbal n. of פוח (= to blow). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּיחוֹן m.n. NH 1 crayon, pastel. 2 Indian ink. [Formed from פִּיחַ with suff. ◌וֹן.]

פַּיַּֽחַת f.n. NH black knot (a plant disease). [Coined from פִּיחַ (= soot), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פיט to write poetry.
    — Pi. - פִּיֵּט he wrote poetry, composed in a poetic form.
    — Pu. - פֻּיַּט was written, was composed in a poetic form. [Denominated from פִּיּוּט.] Derivatives: פַּיִט, מְפֻיָּט.

פַּיָּט m.n. MH poet. [Nomen opificis formed from פִּיֵּט. See פיט.]

פַּֽיִט m.n. NH 1 poetry. 2 liturgic poetry. [From פיט.]

פַּיְטָן m.n. PBH 1 liturgical poet. NH 2 poet. [From Aram. פַּיְטָנָא, from L. poeta, from Gk. poietes (= poet). See פּיּוּט and agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פִּיטָס see פִּטָּס.

פיך to paint the eyes with antimony.
    — Pi. - פִּיֵּךְ he painted his eyes with antimony.
    — Pu. - פֻּיַּךְ was painted with antimony.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּיֵּךְ he painted his eyes with antimony. [Denominated from פּוּךְ ᴵ.] Derivatives: הִתְפַּיְכוּת, מְפֻיָּךְ.

פִּיל m.n. PBH elephant. [Related to Aram.–Syr. פִּילָא, Akka. pīru, pīlu, Pers. pīl, whence Arab. fīl (= elephant). All these words are prob. borrowed (through Egyptian mediation) from Hamitic eḷu (= elephant). whence also the first element in Gk. el-ephas (= elephant), to which p–, the Egyptian art., was prefixed.] Derivative: פִּילוֹן ᴵ.

פְּיָלָא see פְּיָלֵי.

פִּילֶגֶשׁ f.n. 1 concubine. NH 2 mistress. [cp. Aram. פַלְקְתָא, Syr. פלקא (= concubine). cp. also Gk. pallake, pallakis (= concubine). Avestic pairika (= beautiful women seducing pious men). All these words are certainly related, but it is difficult to establish the degree of their relationship to one another. cp. פַּלְגָּס.] Derivative: פִּילַגְשׁוּת.

פִּילַגְשׁוּת f.n. MH concubinage. [From פִּילֶגֶשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּיְלָה see פְּיָלֵי.

פִילְהַרְמוֹנִי adj. FW philharmonical. [See פִילְהַרְמוֹנְיָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

פִילְהַרְמוֹנְיָה f.n. FW philharmony. [Compounded of Gk. philos (see פִילוֹ◌) and harmonia (see הַרֽמוֹנְיָה).]

פִילוֹ◌ FW (before a vowel פִילְ◌) pref. philo–, phil–. [Gk. philo, phil, from philos (= loved, beloved, dear; as a noun: ‘friend’). Later, in poetry, also used in an active sense ‘loving, friendly’; whence philein (= to love). Of uncertain origin. cp. the second element in פַּמְפְלֶט.]

פִילוֹדֶנְדְרוֹן m.n. FW Philodendron (a genus of plants). [Modern L. philodendron, compounded of Gk. philos (see פִילוֹ◌) and dendron (= tree), from IE base *derew(o)-, *drew(o)- (= tree, wood). See ‘tree’ in my CEDEL.]

פִילוֹלוֹג m.n. FW philologue. [Fren. philologue, from L. philologus (= lover of learning), from Gk. philologos. See פִילוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

פִילוֹלוֹגִי adj. FW philologic(al). [See פִילוֹלוֹגְיָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

פִילוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW philology. [L. philologia (= love of learning), from Gk. philologia, from philologos (= fond of learning), which is compounded of philos (see פִילוֹ◌) and logos (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

פִּילוֹמָא, פִּילוֹמָה f.n. PBH mud. [Gk. peloma, from pelos (= mud, clay). cp. פַּלְמוּדָה.] Derivatives: פלם, מְפֻלָּם.

פִּילוֹן ᴵ m.n. NH a small (baby) elephant. [Formed from פִּיל with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פִּילוֹן ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (pl. פִּילוֹנוֹת) gateway. [From Gk. pylon (= gateway to a temple or another building), from pyle (= gate), which is of uncertain origin.]

פִילוֹסוֹף m.n. FW philosopher. [Gk. philosophos (= lover of wisdom, philosopher), from philos (= loving; see פִילוֹ◌), and sophos (= clever, skilled, prudent, wise, learned), which is of uncertain origin. Pythagoras was the first who called himself philosophos instead of sophos (= wise man), since the latter term was suggestive of immodesty. cp. סוֹפִיזְם.] Derivative: פלסף.

פִילוֹסוֹפִי adj. FW philosophic(al). [See פִילוֹסוֹפְיָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

פִילוֹסוֹפְיָה f.n. FW philosophy. [Gk. philosophia (= love of wisdom, philosophy), from philosophos. See פִילוֹסוֹף and suff. ◌יָה.] See פַּלְסָפָה.

פִילוֹקְסֶרָה f.n. FW Phylloxera (a genus of plant lice). [Modern L., compounded of Gk. phyllon (= leaf), and xeros (= dry). For the first element see פוֹלְיוֹ. The second element is cogn. with L. serēnus (= clear, fair, cloudless, serene); see ‘sero-’ in my CEDEL.]

פִילָטֶלְיָה f.n. FW philately. [Fren. philatélie. Compounded of Gk. philos (see פִילוֹ◌) and ateleia (= exemption from taxes), from ateles (= free from taxes), which is formed from pref. a– (see pref. ‘a–’ in my CEDEL), and telos (= end, completion, authority, tax, duty). See טֶלֶגְרָף.]

פִילָטֶלִיסְט m.n. FW philatelist. [See פִילָטֶלְיָה and suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

פְּיָלֵי f.n. PBH (also PBH פְּיָלָא, NH פַּיְלָה. pl. פְּיָלִין) flask, broad bowl. [From Gk. piale (= broad, flat bowl), which is of uncertain origin.]

פִילִיגְרָן m.n. FW filigree. [Fren. filigrain, from It. filigrana, which is compounded of L. fīlum (= thread), and grānum (= grain). The first element stands for IE * ghislom (= vein, sinew). For the second element see גּֽרָנִיט.]

פִילְם m.n. FW film. [Eng. film, from filme, from filmen (= membrane), which is related to fel (= hide, skin), L. pellis (= hide, skin, leather), from IE base *pel– (= skin), whence also Gk. pelma (= sole of foot or shoe), pella (= wooden bowl, milk pail; the orig. meaning prob. was ‘a vessel made of skin’). cp. פַּלְיָאטִיב, the second element in מִיקְרוֹפִילְם and the first element in פֶּלַּגְרָה.] Derivative: פִילְמַאי.

פִילְמַאי m.n. FW film producer. [Formed from פִילְם with suff. ◌ַאי.]

פִילַנְתְּרוֹפּ m.n. FW philanthropist. [Fren. philanthrope, from Gk. philanthropos (= loving mankind, humane, benevolent, kind-hearted), which is compounded of philos (= beloved; loving), and anthropos (= man). See פִילוֹ◌ and אַנְתְּרוֹפּוֹלוֹגְיָה.] Derivative: פִילַנְתְּרוֹפִּי.

פִילַנְתְּרוֹפִּי adj. FW philanthropic. [Formed from פִילַנְתְּרוֹפִּיָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פִילַנְתְּרוֹפְּיָה f.n. FW philanthropy. [Gk. philanthropia (= love to mankind, humanity, benevolence, kind-heartedness), from philanthropos. See פִילַנְתְּרוֹפּ and suff. ◌יָה.]

פִּים m.n. pim (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 13:21). [Of uncertain meaning. According to some scholars it is the name of an ancient weight, according to others it is the pl. of פֶּה (= mouth).]

פִּימָה f.n. 1 fat. NH 2 double chin. A hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 15:27 and prob. meaning ‘fat’. The Septuagint renders this word by Gk. peristomion (= mouth), hence sees in it a derivative of פֶּה. Menahem ben Saruk, Rashi and several other lexicographers and commentators also derive it from פֶּה. According to other scholars פִּימָה is a contraction of פְּאִימָה, from a base פאם, which is prob. related to Arab. fa‘ima (= was full), fa‘ama (= he filled), perhaps also to Akka. piāmu (= strong, robust).

פִּין m.n. PBH tooth of a key. [This word owes its existence to a mistake. The word חָפִין, which is the pl. of חָף (= tooth of a key), was misread into הַפִּין, and this word was regarded as formed from the art. and the alleged noun פִּין. In NH it is generally used in the sense of ‘pin’, owing to the circumstance that the words פִּין and pin are equally pronounced.]

פִּינְגְוִין m.n. FW penguin. [Eng. penguin, compounded of Welsh pen (= head), and gwyn (= white). The name orig. denoted the garefowl (also called the great auk), in allusion to the large white patch between the bill and eye of this bird, now extinct. For the first element cp. ‘pennil’ and the first element in ‘pendragon’ in my CEDEL; for the second see ‘gwyniad’ ibid.]

פִּינְג־פּוֹנְג m.n. FW ping-pong. [Of imitative origin.]

פִּינָךְ m.n. NH messtin. [From Aram.–Syr. פִּינְכָּא (= dish), a loan word from Gk. pinax (= board, plank; trencher, platter). See פִּנְקָס and cp. פִּנֽכָּא.]

פִינָלֶה m.n. FW finale (music). [It. finale (lit.: ‘close, conclusion’), from Late L. fīnālis (= concluding), from L. fīnis (= limit, boundary, extremity, end), which is of uncertain origin. See ‘finis’ in my CEDEL and cp. the last element in פָּרָפִין.]

פִינַנְסִי adj. FW financial. [Eng. financial. Coined by the British statesman Edmund Burke (1729–97) from finance and adj. suff. – ial. See פִינַנְסִים. For the ending see suff. ‘–ial’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פִינַנְסִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

פִינַנְסִים m.n. pl. FW finance. [From Fren. finance, from finer (= to pay, settle a debt; orig. to settle any dispute), from Med. L. fīnāre, a collateral form of fīnīre (= to put an end to, finish), from finis. See פִינָלֶה.]

פיס ᴵ to appease, pacify.
    — Pi. - פִּיֵּס 1 he appeased, pacified, reconciled; 2 he soothed, mollified.
    — Pu. - פֻּיַּס was appeased, was pacified, was reconciled.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּיֵּס he was persuaded, became appeased, became pacified, became reconciled.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיס he appeased, pacified. [Borrowed from Gk. peisis (= persuasion), from IE base *bheidh–, * bhidh– (= to persuade, compel; to trust), whence also L. fīdere (= to trust, confide in), fidēs (= faith, confidence), foedus (= compact, treaty). See ‘bid’ in my CEDEL and cp. פֶדֶרָטִיבִי.] Derivatives: פִּיּוּס ᴵ, פַּיְּסָן, הֲפָסָה ᴵᴵ, הִתֽפַּיְּסוּת, מְפֻיָּס.

פיס ᴵᴵ to cast lots.
    — Pi. - פִּיֵּס he cast lots.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיס (of s.m.). [Denominated from פַּיִס (= lot).] Derivatives: פִּיּוּס ᴵᴵ, הֲפָסָה ᴵᴵ.

פיס ᴵᴵᴵ to squeeze, remove.
    — Hiph. - הֵפִיס he squeezed, removed.
    — Hoph. - הוֹפַס was squeezed, was removed. [Of uncertain origin.] Derivative: הֲפָסָה ᴵᴵᴵ.

פַּֽיִס m.n. PBH (pl. פְּיָסוֹת, also פְּיָסִים) lot. [Related to Aram. פַּסָּא, פִּסָּא, פִּסְתָּא (= piece, portion, lot), Syr. פֶּסָּא, פֶּסְתָּא (= lot, allotted portion). These words lit. mean ‘a broken piece’, and derive from base פסס, a collateral form of פצץ. For sense development cp. Gk. kleros (= little piece of wood lopped off, used for casting lots), hence ‘a casting of lots, allotment, portion’, which is related to klan (= to break), from IE base * qel(ā)-, *qol(ā) (= to strike, beat, break). cp. also Heb. גּוֹרָל (= lot), whose orig. meaning prob. was ‘a small stone, pebble’, whence ‘a small stone for casting lots’, hence it is related to Arab. jaral, jarwal (= stones, pebbles). See גּוֹרָל.] Derivative: פיס ᴵᴵ.

פִיסִי adj. FW physical. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from Gk. physis (= nature), from phyein (= to bring forth, produce, make to grow), from IE base * bheu– * bhū̆– (= to be, exist, grow). See ‘be’ in my CEDEL and cp. פִיסִיקָה.]

פִיסְיוֹגְנוֹמְיָה, פִיסְיוֹנוֹמְיָה f.n. FW physiognomy. [Gk. physiognomia (= the science of judging a man’s nature by his features), from physiognomon (= judging a man’s nature by his features), which is compounded of physis (= nature) and gnomon (= judge, interpreter, indicator), related to gnome (= a means of knowing; mind, judgment, intelligence; maxim, opinion). These latter words derive from the base of gnoskein (= to know, perceive, understand), from IE * ĝenē–, *g̑enō– (= to be able mentally, to know). See ‘can’ (auxil. v.) in my CEDEL.]

פִיסְיוֹלוֹג m.n. FW physiologist. [Gk. physiologos. See פִיסְיוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

פִיסְיוֹלוֹגִי adj. FW physiological. [Back formation from פִיסְיוֹלוֹגְיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פִיסְיוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW physiology. [Gk. physiologia (= inquiry into nature), from physiologos (= one who inquires into nature), from physis (= nature; see פִיסִי); and logos (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

פִיסְיוֹתֶרַפְּיָה f.n. FW physiotherapy. [Compounded of Gk. physio–, combining form meaning ‘nature’, and תֶּרַפְּיָה (q.v.).]

פִיסִיקַאי m.n. FW physicist. [See פִיסִיקָה and suff. ◌ַאי.]

פִיסִיקָה f.n. FW physics. [Gk. physike (= natural science), f. of physikos (= pertaining to nature, natural), from physis (= nature). See פִיסִי.]

פִיסִיקָלִי adj. FW physical. [Gk. physikos. See פִיסִיקָה. See also adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פִיסִיקָלִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּיְּסָן m.n. FW appeaser, conciliator. [Formed from פִּיֵּס, Pi. of פיס ᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּיְּסָנוּת, פַּיְּסָנִי.

פַּיְּסָנוּת f.n. NH appeasement, conciliation. [Formed from פַּיְּסָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּיְּסָנִי adj. NH conciliatory. [Formed from פַּיְּסָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פִיסְקָלִי adj. FW fiscal. [Fren. fiscal, from Late L. fiscālis, from L . fiscus (= woven basket, purse, treasury). See פִּטָּס. For the L. ending – ālis see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL; for the ending of פִיסְקָלִי, see suff. ◌ִי.]

פִּיף m.n. PBH fringe, tassel. [Prob. related to Syr. פִּיפָא (= a kind of transparent cloth). These words are not borrowed from Gk. ephyphe (= woof), as several lexicographers would have it.] Derivative: מְפֻיָּף.

פִּיפִיָּה f.n. (pl. פִּיפִיּוֹת) 1 sharp edge (in the Bible occurring only Is. 41:15 and Ps. 149:6, in the pl.). 2 mouth, opening. [The pl. פִּיפִיּוֹת is formed from פֶּה (= mouth), through reduplication. The sing. פִּיפִיָּה is a back formation from פִּיפִיּוֹת.]

פִּיפְיוֹן m.n. NH Anthus (a genus of singing birds). [Coined by Shalom Jacob Abramovitch (Mendele Mocher Sepharim) from פִי־פִי, the sound they used to emit when rising from the ground, and suff. ◌וֹן.]

פִּיפְיוֹר see אַפִּיפְיוֹר.

פִּיצָה f.n. FW pizza, pizza pie. [It. pizza, prob. from Vulgate L. picea placenta, lit. ‘pitchlike cake’, which seems to be a loan translation of Gk. pitta (= cake, pie), from pitta (= pitch).]

פִּיצִ׳יקָטוֹ adj. & adv. FW pizzicato (music). [It. pizzicato (= plucked, twitched), p. part. of pizzicare (= to pluck, twitch), from pizzare (= to sting, prick), from pizzo (= point, edge), which is prob. of imitative origin.]

פִּיק m.n. trembling, tottering, staggering (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Nah. 2:11 in the phrase פִּיק־בִּרְכַּיִם, ‘knocking of the knees’). [From פוק ᴵ.]

פִּיקָה see פִּקָּה.

פִּיקּוֹלוֹ m.n. FW (pl. פִּיקּוֹלוֹת) piccolo. [It. piccolo (= small; small flute), prob. from an imitative base expressive of littleness in infant’s language.]

פִיקוּס m.n. FW Ficus (a genus of trees). [From L. fīcus (= fig tree, fig), which prob. derives from Heb. פַּג (= early fig).]

פִּיקְטוֹגְרַמָּה f.n. FW pictogram. [A hybrid coined from L. pictus, p. part. of pingere (= to paint, color), and Gk. gramma (= something written). See פִּיגְמֶנְט, and גְּרַם. cp. פִּיקְטוֹגְרָף.]

פִּיקְטוֹגְרָף m.n. FW pictograph. [A hybrid coined from L. pictus (see פִּיקְטוֹגֽרַמָּה) and Gk. graphos, from graphein (see ◌גְרָף). cp. פִּיקְטוֹגְרַמָּה.]

פִיקְטִיבִי adj. FW fictive. [Fren. fictif, from L. fictus, p. part. of fingere. See פִיקְצְיָה. For the Fren. ending – if, see suff. ‘–ive’ in my CEDEL, For the ending of פִיקְטִיבִי, see suff. ◌ִי.]

פִּיקַנְטִי adj. FW piquant. [Fren. piquant, pres. part. of piquer (= to prick). See ‘pike’ (= a sharp point) in my CEDEL, and cp. פִּיקְנִיק. For the Fren. ending – ant see suff. ‘–ant’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פִּיקַנְטִי see suff. suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פִּיקַנְטִיּוּת.

פִּיקַנְטִיּוּת f.n. FW piquancy. [Formed from פִּיקַנְטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּיקְנִיק m.n. FW picnic. [Fren . piquenique, formed with reduplication for piquer (= to prick), used in a figurative sense. See ‘pike’ (= a sharp point), in my CEDEL, and cp. פִּיקַנְטִי.]

פִּיקָס m.n. PBH crimson. [From Gk. phykos (= seaweed; red paint), which is a loan word from Heb. פּוּךְ (q.v.).]

פִיקְצְיָה f.n. FW fiction. [L. fictiō (= a forming, shaping), from fictus, p. part. of fingere (= to form, shape). The orig. meaning of this verb was ‘to knead’. It derives from IE base * dheiĝh–, *dhoiĝh–, *dhiĝh (= to knead, form out of clay, form, shape). See ‘dough’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פִיקְצְיָה see suff. ◌ִיָה. cp. פִיקֽטִיבִי.]

◌פִיקַצְיָה subst. suff. FW –fication (= making or causing). [L. – ficātiō, from – ficātus, p. part. suff. of – ficāre, –ficere, unstressed form of facere (= to make, do). See פַקְט.]

פִּיר m.n. PBH pit, hole, ditch. [Of uncertain origin; possibly aphetic for חֲפִיר, חֲפִירָה. See חֲפִירָה.]

פִּירוֹטֶכְנִיקָה f.n. FW pyrotechnics. [Compounded of Gk. pyr, gen. pyros (= fire), and techne (= art). For the first element see ‘fire’ in my CEDEL. For the second element see טֶכְנִיקָה.]

פִּירוֹקְסִילִין m.n. FW pyroxylin. [Fren. pyroxyline, coined by the French chemist Théophile-Jules Pelozue in 1836 from Gk. pyr (see פִּירוֹטֶכְנִיקָה) and xilon (= wood). See קְסִילוֹפוֹן.]

פֵּירָט m.n. PBH pirate. [L. pirāta, from Gk. peirates (= pirate, corsair), from peiran (= to attempt, attack), from peira (= trial, attempt, experience), which is cogn. with L. perītus (= experienced), perīculum (= trial, experiment, risk, danger). See אֶמְפִּירִי.]

פִירְמָה f.n. FW firm. [It. firma (= confirmation, signature), from firmare, from L. firmāre (= to make firm or steady, to strengthen, confirm), from firmus (= firm, steadfast, stable, strong), from IE base * dher(e)- (= to hold, support).]

פִּירָמִידָה f.n. FW pyramid. [From Gk. pyramis, gen. pyramidos, which was prob. formed through metathesis from Old Egypt. pimar.]

פִירְמַן m.n. FW ‘firman’ (a decree issued by an Oriental sovereign). [Turkish fermān, from Pers. farmān (= order, decree, passport), from IE * pro– (= before, forward, for) and * me– (= to measure).]

פִּיתוֹם m.n. PBH ventriloquist. [From Gk. python (= familiar spirit), from Phython (= a prophet inspired by Apollo). This name is prob. identical with python, name of the serpent slain by Apollo. See פִּיתוֹן.]

פִּיתוֹן m.n. FW Python (a genus of snakes). [From Gk. python, name of the serpent slain by Apollo, which is prob. related to the place name Pytha. cp. פִּיתוֹם.]

פַּךְ m.n. flask, jar, cruse. [Prob. of imitative origin. cp. פכפך. cp. also פִּכָּה.] Derivative: פַּכִּית.

פכה to flow, drop.
    — Pi. - פִּכָּה 1 it trickled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 47:2 in the part. pl.); PBH 2 it oozed, dropped. [Prob. denominated from פַּךְ.] Derivatives: פִּכּוּי, פכפך.

פִּכּוּי m.n. NH trickling. [Verbal n. of פִּכָּה, Pi. of פכה.]

פָּכוּר adj. NH broken; clasped (said of the hand). [Pass. part. of פָּכַר. See פכר.]

פכח to make sober, to become sober.
    — Pi. - פִּכַּח he sobered, made sober.
    — Pu. - פֻּכַּח was sobered, was made sober.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּכַּח became sober. [Aram. פְּכַח (= he made sober). Prob. a secondary form of פקח, so that the orig. meaning of פכח would have been ‘to open, to free’.] Derivatives: פִּכֵּחַ, פִּכָּחוֹן, הִתְפַּכְּחוּת, מְפֻכָּח.

פִּכֵּֽחַ adj. NH sober. [From פכח.] Derivative: פִּכְּחוּת.

פִּכָּחוֹן m.n. NH soberness, sobriety. [Formed from פכח, with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פִּכְּחוּת f.n. NH soberness, sobriety. [Formed from פִּכֵּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּכִּית f.n. NH a small flask, small jar. [Formed from פַּךְ with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

פַּכְסָם m.n. PBH biscuit. [From Gk. paxamas (= biscuit); so called from the baker Paxamos.] Derivative: פכסם.

פּכסם to crunch, to munch.
    — Pi. - פִּכְסֵם he crunched, munched. [Denominated from פַּכְסָם.]

פִּכְפּוּךְ m.n. NH springing forth, bubbling, trickling, dripping. [Verbal n. of פִּכְפֵּךְ. See פכפך.]

פכפך to spring forth, bubble, trickle, drip.
    — Pilp. - פִּכְפֵּךְ it sprang forth, bubbled, trickled, dripped. [Of imitative origin. cp. פכה.] Derivative: פִּכְפּוּךְ.

פכר to break; to clasp (one’s hands).
    — Qal - פָּכַר PBH 1 he broke; NH 2 he squeezed, pressed.
    — Pi. - פִּכֵּר he squeezed or pressed strongly.
    — Pu. - פֻּכַּר was squeezed or pressed strongly. [Aram. פְּכַר (= he broke; he clasped his hands). Prob. a metathesized var. of פרך.] Derivative: פָּכוּר.

פֶּֽלֶא m.n. (pl. פְּלָאִים, also פְּלָאוֹת) wonder, marvel. [From פלא ᴵ. cp. Aram. פִּלְאָה, Syr. פֶּלֶאתָה (= riddle).] Derivatives: פִּלְאִי, פֶּלִאי.

פלא ᴵ to be extraordinary, be difficult; to be wonderful.
    — Niph. - נִפֽלָא 1 was extraordinary, was difficult; 2 was wonderful, was marvelous.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּלֵּא 1 he showed himself marvelous (Job 10:16); MH 2 he wondered, was amazed.
    — Hiph. - הִפְלִיא 1 he made wonderful, acted wonderfully; 2 he caused to marvel, amazed.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְלָא PBH 1 appeared wonderful; NH 2 was extraordinary. [Prob. related to Arab. fa’l (= good omen), related also to פלא ᴵᴵ and to פלה ᴵ.] Derivatives: פֶּלֶא, פָּלִיא, פְּלִיאָה, פְּלִיאוּת, הַפְלָאָה ᴵ, הִתְפַּלּֽאוּת, מֻפְלָא, מִפְלָאָה.

פלא ᴵᴵ to distinguish, make special (said of a vow).
    — Pi. - פִּלֵּא it occurs only in the Bible in the phrase לְפַלֵּא נֶדֶר, Lev. 22:21 and Num. 15:3 and 8 (= to make a special vow).
    — Hiph. - הִפְלִיא in this sense it occurs only in the Bible in the phrase יַפְלִיא נֶדֶר, Lev. 27:2, and יַפְלִא לִנְדֹּר נֶדֶר, Num. 6:2 (= he makes a special vow). [The orig. meaning is prob. ‘to cleave, split, set apart, separate’, as it appears in Aram. פלא (of s.m.), and in Ethiop. falaya (= he set apart, separated). According to some scholars such was the orig. meaning also of פלא ᴵ, so that these two bases are prob. identical. cp. פלה.] Derivative: הַפְלָאָה ᴵᴵ.

פִּלְאִי adj. MH wonderful, marvelous, miraculous. [Formed from פֶּלֶא with suff. ◌ִ.]

פֶּלִאי adj. wonderful, marvelous, miraculous (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 13:18). [Formed from פֶּלֶא with suff. ◌ִי, cp. פֶּלִי.]

פִּלְבּוּל m.n. NH rolling (of the eyes). [Verbal n. of פִּלְבֵּל. See פלבל.]

פְּלֶבֵּי m.n. FW plebeian. [From L. plēbēius (= belonging to the common people), from plēbs, plēbēs (= the common people), which prob. derives from IE * plē– (= to be full), whence also Gk. pledos (= people, multitude, great number), L. plēnus (= full), pleō, plēre (= to fill). See ‘full’ (adj.) in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to. cp. also the first element in פְּלֶבִּיצִיסֽט.]

פְּלֶבִּיסְצִיט m.n. FW plebiscite. [Fren. plébiscite, from L. plēbiscītum, for plēbis scītum (lit.: ‘the people’s decree’), from plēbs (see פּֽלֶבֵּי) and scītum (= decree), prop. neuter p. part. of scīscere (= to seek to know, to decree).]

פלבל PBH to roll (the eyes).
    — Pi. - פִּלְבֵּל v. he rolled (the eyes).
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּלֽבֵּל or הִפַּלְבֵּל was rolled (said of the eye); was confused. [Related to בלבל.] Derivative: פִּלֽבּוּל.

פלג to cleave, split, divide.
    — Niph. - נִפֽלַג was divided.
    — Pi. - פִּלֵּג 1 he cleft; 2 he divided.
    — Pu. - פֻּלַּג was divided.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּלֵּג was divided.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽלִיג 1 he separated (orig. ‘he divided’); 2 he went off (lit.: ‘he separated himself’); for sense development cp. Fren. partir (= to divide, separate), se partir (= to separate oneself, depart, leave); 3 he set sail; 4 he turned aside, diverted, put off; 5 he removed; 6 he exaggerated (lit. prob. meaning ‘he went too far’).
    — Hoph. - הֻפֽלַג 1 was diverted; 2 was removed. [Phoen. פלג (= to divide: district), Aram. פְּלֵג, פּֽלַג, Syr. פְּלַג (= he split, divided), Aram. פְּלֻגֽתָּא (= division), Arab. falaja (= he split, divided), Ethiop. falag (= stream), Akka. palgu (= canal), puluggu, pulungu (= district). It is always easy to trace back the various meanings of the verb פלג in the Hiph. to the meaning ‘to cleave, split, divide’; however, a comparison with the meaning of this base in its derivatives in Biblical Heb. and in the other Sem. languages shows that its orig. meaning was indeed ‘to cleave, split, divide’.] Derivatives: פֶּלֶג ᴵ, פֶּלֶג ᴵᴵ, פּֽלָג, פַּלָּג, פַּלָּגָה, פֹּלֶג, פְּלַגָּה, פְּלֻגָּה, פַּלּֽגָן, פִּלּוּג, פּֽלִיגָה, הֶפֽלֵג, הִפָּלְגוּת, הַפְלָגָה, הִתֽפַּלְּגוּת, מַפּֽלֵג, מִפְלָג, מֻפֽלָג, מֽפֻלָּג, מִפְלַגָּה, מִפְלָגָה, תִּפְלֹגֶת and the first element in פְּלַגְצֵל. cp. פַּלְּגָאָה, פַּלְּגַאי, פְּלֻגְתָּא, פְּלִיג.

פֶּֽלֶג ᴵ m.n. 1 brook, stream. 2 channel, canal. [From פלג. Lit.: ‘something cleft’. For sense development cp. נַחַל (= torrent; valley; ravine). Related to Ethiop. falag (= stream).] Derivative: פּֽלַגֽלָג.

פֶּֽלֶג ᴵᴵ, פְּלָג m.n. PBH 1 part, half. NH 2 faction. [From פלג.]

פַּלָּג m.n. MH waiter (in a restaurant). [Nomen opificis formed from פִּלֵּג, Pi. of פלג.]

פֹּֽלֶג m.n. MH migraine. [From פּֽלַג (= half), corresponding to Gk. emikrania (= a pain on one side of the head; migraine), which is compounded of emi (= half) and kranion (= head, skull).]

פַּלְגָּאָה m.n. PBH disputant. [Aram., from פַּלֵּג (= he divided; he spoke differently). See פלג and cp. פַּלּֽגַאי and פַּלְּגָן.]

פַּלְגַּאי m.n. NH a disputatious person. [See פַּלֽגָּאָה and suff. ◌ַאי.]

פְּלֻגָּה f.n. 1 division (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. II 35:5). NH 2 company (military). [From פלג. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: פְּלֻגָּתִי.

פַּלָּגָה f.n. PBH division. [From פִּלֵּג, Pi. of פלג. cp. Aram. פַּלָּגָא, verbal n. of פַּלֵּג (= he divided). See פלג.]

פְּלַגָּה f.n. 1 division (Jud. 5:15 and 16). 2 stream (Job 20:17). NH 3 party. NH 4 detachment. [From פלג. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּלַגְיָאט m.n. FW plagiarism. [From L. plagiārius (= plunderer, oppressor, kidnapper; a literary thief), from plagium (= kidnapping), from plaga (= a hunting net) which derives from IE * p(e)lāg– (= flat, spread out), whence also Gk. pelagus (= the open sea). IE * p(e)lāg– is an enlargement of base * p(e)lā–, whence L. plānus (= level, flat). See פְּלָנִימֶטֶר.]

פְּלַגְיָאטוֹר m.n. FW plagiator. [L. plagiator (= kidnapper), from plagiāre (= to kidnap), from plagium (see פְּלַגְיָאט). For the ending see suff. ‘-ator’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּלַגְלָג m.n. NH small brook, brooklet. [Dimin. formed from פֶּלֶג ᴵ through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

פְלֶגְמָטִי adj. FW phlegmatic. [Gk. phlegmatikos (= abounding in phlegm), from phlegma (= inflammation; phlegm), from phlegein (= to burn, scorch, kindle), which is related to phlox (= flame, blaze), from IE base * bhleg-, *bhelg- (= to burn, be hot). See ‘black’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of Gk. phlegma see suff. ‘-ma’ ibid.] Derivative: פְלֶגְמָטִיּוּת.

פְלֶּגְמָטִיּוּת f.n. FW phlegmatism. [Formed from פְלֶגְמָטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּלְּגָן m.n. MH separatist; sectarian. [Formed from פִּלֵּג (= he divided), Pi. of פלג, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּלְּגָנוּת, פַּלּֽגָּנִי.

פַּלְּגָנוּת f.n. NH separatism, sectarianism. [Formed from פַּלְּגָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּלְּגָנִי adj. NH separatist, separatistic, sectarian. [Formed from פַּלּֽגָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּלְגָּס adj. PBH 1 sheep thirteen months old. NH 2 youth between boyhood and adulthood. [Gk. pallax (= youth, girl). See פִּילֶגֶשׁ.]

פְּלַגְצֵל, פְּלַג־צֵל m.n. NH penumbra. [Compounded of פְּלַג, c. st. of פְּלָג (= half), and צֵל (= shade).]

פֶלַּגְרָה f.n. FW pellagra (disease). [It. pellagra, a hybrid coined from L. pellis (= skin), and Gk. agra (= a catching, seizure). For the first element see פִילְם, for the second element see פּוֹדַגְרָה.]

פְּלֻגְתָּא, פְּלוּגְתָּא f.n. PBH difference of opinion, controversy. [Aram., from פּֽלֵג, פְּלַג (= he divided). See פלג.]

פְּלֻגָּתִי adj. NH of company (military). [Formed from פּֽלֻגָּה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פֶּֽלֶד m.n. PBH 1 flame. NH 2 steel. [A secondary form of פְּלָדָה.] Derivatives: פלד, פַּלֽדִּי.

פלד to steel, strengthen.
    — Pi. - פִּלֵּד he steeled, strengthened.
    — Pu. - פֻּלַּד was steeled, was strengthened. [Denominated from פֶּלֶד, פּֽלָדָה.] Derivative: מֽפֻלָּד.

פְּלָדָה f.n. steel (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Nah. 2:4, prob. meaning ‘steel’). [Together with Syr. פּוּלָד, Arab. fūlādh, fālūdh, būlād, prob. borrowed from Pers. pūlād (= steel).] Derivatives: פלד, פַּלְדִּי.

פַּלְדִּי adj. NH steely. [Formed from פֶּלֶד or פְלָדָה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פַּלְדִּיּוּת.

פַּלְדִּיּוּת f.n. NH steeliness. [Formed from פַּלְדִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פלה ᴵ to be separated, be distinct.
    — Niph. - נִפְלָה 1 was separated, was distinct; 2 was wonderful.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽלָה he made separate, set apart.
    — Hoph. - הֻפֽלָה was made separate, was set apart. [A collateral form of פלא ᴵ. cp. Arab. falat (= she separated from sucking, weaned), Ethiop. falaya (= he separated, distinguished).] Derivative: מֻפֽלֶה.

פלה ᴵᴵ to search for vermin, delouse.
    — Qal - פָּלָה he searched for vermin, deloused.
    — Niph. - נִפְלָה was deloused.
    — Pi. - פִּלָּה he searched for vermin, deloused. [Related to Aram.–Syr. פּֽלָא (= he searched for vermin; picked out lice), Arab. falā(y) (= he searched for lice, deloused, searched, examined, scrutinized). cp. פלל ᴵ. For sense development cp. the v. פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ (= he searched, examined), which prob. derives from the n. פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ (= bedbug), and orig. meant ‘he searched for bedbugs’).] Derivatives: פִּלּוּי, אַפְלָיָה.

פְלוּאוֹרֶסְצֶנְצְיָה f.n. FW fluorescence. [Eng. fluorescence, coined by the English mathematician and physicist Sir George Gabriel Stokes in 1852 in allusion to the circumstance that he noticed this phenomenon first in fluorspar. The word fluorescence is formed from fluor, from Modern L. fluor (= a flowing), from L. fluere (= to flow), which is cogn. with Gk. phluein (= to boil over, bubble up), phlein (= to abound). These words derive from IE base * bhel–, *bhlē– (= to blow, swell). See ‘blow’ (= to puff), and suff. ‘–ence’ in my CEDEL.]

פִּלּוּג m.n. PBH 1 division. NH 2 separation. [Verbal n. of פִּלֵּג, Pi. of פלג.]

פִּלּֽוּחַ m.n. MH splitting, cutting into pieces. [Verbal n. of פִּלַּח, Pi. of פלח.]

פָּלוּט adj. PBH 1 saved. NH 2 discharged, ejected. [Pass. part. of פָּלַט. See פלט.]

פּֽלוּטוֹ, פְּלוּטוֹן m.n. FW Pluto (name of a planet). [Named after Pluto, the god of the lower world in Greek mythology. The name derives from Gk. plouton, ploutodotes (lit. ‘giver of riches’), from ploutos (= riches), and dotes (= giver). For the first element see פְּלִוּטוֹקֽרַטֽיָה, for the second see ‘date’ (point of time) in my CEDEL. See also ‘pluto’ ibid. cp. פְּלוּטוֹנִיוּם.]

פְּלוּטוֹנְיוּם m.n. FW plutonium (chemistry). [Modern L. plūtonium, a name suggested by Glenn Theodore Seaborg and Arthur Charles Wahl in 1942, after Pluto (see פְּלוּטוֹ), the second planet beyond Uranus, on the analogy of the element name neptunium, which was so named by McMillan after Neptune, the first planet beyond Uranus (see נֶפְּטוּן, נֶפְּטוּנְיוּם).]

פְּלוּטוֹקְרָט m.n. FW plutocrat. [See פְּלוּטוֹקְרַטְיָה.]

פְּלוּטוֹקְרָטִי adj. FW plutocratic(al). [See פּֽלוּטוֹקְרַטְיָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּלוּטוֹקְרַטְיָה f.n. FW plutocracy. [Gk. ploutokratia (= plutocracy), compounded of plutos (= riches), and kratia, from kratos (= strength, power, rule). The first element prob. derives from IE base * pleu– (= to flow), whence also L. pluere (= to rain). See ‘pluvial’ in my CEDEL. For the second element see ◌קְרַטֽיָה.]

פִּלּוּי m.n. NH searching for vermin, delousing. [Verbal n. of פִּלָּה, Pi. of פלה ᴵᴵ.]

פִּלּוּל m.n. PBH 1 praying, prayer, entreaty. NH 2 expectation. [Verbal n. of פִּלֵּל, Pi. of פלל ᴵᴵ.]

פֵּלוֹמָה see פִּילוֹמָה.

פְּלוּמָה f.n. PBH 1 down, feathers. NH 2 soft hair. [L. plūma (= feather, down), standing for * plus-ma, which is prob. cogn. with Old Eng. flēos, flīes (= fleece). See ‘fleece’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּלוֹנִי adj. a certain person or place, such-a-one, so-and-so (in the Bible occurring only in the phrase פְּלֹנִי אַלְמֹנִי, Sam. I 21:3; Kin. II 6:8; Ruth 4:1). [Related to Aram. פּֽלַנְיָא, Syr. פְּלָן, Arab. fulān, also ful (= such-a-one, so-and-so). cp. פַּלְמוֹנִי.]

פִּלּוּס m.n. MH weighing, balancing; straightening, levelling. [Verbal n. of פִּלֵּס, Pi. of פלס.]

פְּלוּס prep. & n. plus. [L. plūs (= more), cogn. with Old I. pūrvĭ, purúḥ (= much), Pers. paru, Gk. polys (= much, many). All these words derive from IE base * plē– (= to fill). See ‘full’ (adj.) in my CEDEL and cp. פְּלוּרָלִיזְם, פְּלוּרָלִיסְט. cp. also פּוֹלִי◌, פְּיוּ, פְּלֵיאוֹנַזְם.]

פְּלוּסִין m.n. pl. NH plush. [Fren. pluche, from earlier peluche, back formation from peluchier (= to pull, tug), from VL * piluccāre (= to deprive of hair), from L. pilus (= hair). See ‘pile’ (hair), in my CEDEL and cp. ‘pluck’ and words referred to ibid. פּֽלוּסִין in this sense was influenced in form by the word פּֽלוּסִין, which, however, means ‘linen from Pelusium’ (name of a town in Egypt).]

פְלוֹרָה f.n. FW flora. [L. Flōra, name of the Roman goddess of flowers, from flōs (= flower), which derives from IE base * blō, *blē–, *bhlā– (= to blossom, flourish). See ‘blow’ (= to flower), in my CEDEL and cp. ‘flower’ ibid. and words there referred to. cp. also פְלִירָט.]

פְּלוּרָלִיזְם m.n. FW pluralism. [From L. plūrālis (= belonging to more than one), from plūs (= more). See פְּלוּס and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פְּלוּרָלִיסְט m.n. FW pluralist. [See פּֽלוּרָלִיזְם and suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

פִּלּוּשׁ m.n. MH opening, open alley. [Verbal n. of פִּלֵּשׁ, Pi. of פלשׁ ᴵ.]

פָּלוּשׁ m.n. NH corridor or vestibule of a synagogue. [Prob. derived from Old Ger. palas (= palace), from L. palātium. See פָּלָטִין.]

פלח 1 to cleave, split. 2 to plow, till the ground (from the second meaning derived the meaning ‘to serve the deity, worship’).
    — Qal - פָּלַח 1 he cleft, plowed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 141:7); PBH 2 he worshipped.
    — Niph. - נִפְלַח was cleft, was split.
    — Pi. - פִּלַּח 1 he cleft open, sliced; 2 (f.) she caused to cleave, gave birth to (said of an animal).
    — Pu. - פֻּלַּח MH 1 was cleft, was split, was sliced; NH 2 was plowed.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּלַּח was cleft, was split, was sliced. [Aram.-Syr. פְּלַח (= he cleft, he plowed, cultivated; he served (worshipped), Arab. falaḥā (= he cleft), Akka. palāḫu (= to fear, revere). For the sense development of this base cp. L. colere (= to till the ground, to cultivate, to honor, revere, worship).] Derivatives: פֶּלַח, פֻּלְחָן, פִּלּוּחַ, פָּלִיחַ, פְּלִיחָה, מַפְלֵחַ, מְפֻלָּח. cp. פַּלָּח, פַּלְחָה.

פֶּֽלַח m.n. split, slice (of fruit). [From פלח. cp. Aram. פִּלֽחָא (= millstone).]

פַּלָּח m.n. MH peasant, farmer. [Nomen opificis, borrowed from Arabic fallāḥ (= peasant), from Syr. פַּלָחָא (= laborer). See פלח and cp. פַּלֽחָה.]

פַּלְחָה f.n. NH agriculture. [From Arab. falāḥa (= agriculture, farming, husbandry). See פַּלָּח.]

פֻּלְחָן m.n. PBH 1 service, esp. Divine service, worship. NH 2 adoration, admiration. [Aram. פֻּלְחָן, BAram. פָּלֽחָן (= service, Divine service), from פְּלַח (= he served). See פלח and suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פֻּלְחָנִי.

פֻּלְחָנִי adj. NH of worship, cultic. [Formed from פֻּלְחָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פלט to escape, to rescue.
    — Qal - פָּלַט 1 he escaped (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 7:16); PBH 2 he discharged, gave out, vomited.
    — Niph. - נִפְלַט was discharged, was vomited; 2 was rescued, was saved.
    — Pi. - פִּלֵּט he rescued, saved, delivered.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּלֵּט was rescued, was saved.
    — Hiph. - הִפְלִיט 1 (f.) she gave birth; PBH 2 he discharged, vomited; NH 3 he let drop (a word, a secret, etc.).
    — Hoph. - הֻפְלַט was rescued, was saved. [Aram.–Syr. פְּלַט (= he escaped), Arab. falata (of s.m.), Akka. balāṭu, TA paliṭmi (= has been saved), Ethiop. falaṭa (= he separated). Related to מלט ᴵ.] Derivatives: פָּלֵט, פֶּלֶט, פְּלֵטָה, פְּלֵיטָה, פְּלִיטָה, פָּלוּט, הַפְלָטָה, הִפָּלְטוּת, מַפְלֵט, מִפְלָט, תַּפְלִיט.

פָּלֵט adj. fugitive. [From פלט.]

פֶּֽלֶט m.n. PBH 1 deliverance, escape. NH 2 output. [From פלט.]

פְּלֵטָה, פְּלֵיטָה f.n. deliverance, escape. [From פלט.]

פְּלָטוֹנִי see אַפּֽלָטוֹנִי.

פְּלַטְיָה f.n. PBH wide street, square. [Gk. plateia (odos) (= street; lit.: ‘broad way’), f. of platus (= flat, wide, broad), which is cogn. with Old I. práthati (= spreads out), Avestic p̆rpush (of s.m.), L. planta (= sole of the foot), etc. All these words are derivatives of IE base * plāt– (= spread out, broad, flat). cp. פּֽלָטִינָה and first element in פּֽלַטֽפוֹרְמָה.]

פָּלָטִין m.n. PBH palace. [Gk. palation, L. palātium (= palace; orig. palace built by Augustus on Palatine Hill), from Palātium (= Palatine Hill), name of the central of the seven hills of Rome. The name Palātium is prob. of Etruscan origin and related to Palēs, name of an Italian goddess of shepherds and cattle.]

פְּלָטִינָה f.n. FW platinum. [From Sp. platina in platina del Pinto, i.e. ‘little silver of the River Pinto’; so called because of its silver-white color and because it was first found near the River Pinto. Sp. platina is dimin. of plata (= silver), which comes from Fren. plate, which mean sheet of metal, and derive from Gk. platus (= flat, wide, broad). See פְּלַטֽיָה and cp. the first element in פּֽלַטֽפוֹרֽמָה.]

פְּלַטְפוֹרֽמָה f.n. FW platform. [Fren . plateforme (lit.: ‘flat form’). The first element is f. of plat (= flat, even), from VL * plattus, from Gk. platus (= flat, wide, broad). See פְּלַטֽיָה. For the second element see פוֹרְמָה.]

פַּלְטֵר m.n. PBH 1 shopkeeper, esp. seller of baker’s wares. 2 shop, esp. baker’s shop. [From Gk. prater (= seller). See פּוֹרֽנוֹגְרַפְיָה.]

פַּלְטֵרִין m.n. PBH (pl. פַּלְטֶרִיּוֹת) palace [Gk. praitorion, from L. praetārium (= general’s tent), subst. use of the neuter of praetōrius (= belonging to the praetor), from praetor (= leader, chief), for * prae-itor, lit. ‘one who goes before’, from prae (= before), and īre (= to go). See פּֽרֵי◌ and אִינִיצֽיָאטוֹר. The change of the first r in praetōrium to l is prob. due to dissimilation.]

פֶּלִי adj. MH wonderful, marvelous, miraculous. [Another spelling of פֶּלִאי.]

פָּלִיא adj. MH wonderful, marvelous, miraculous. [From פלא ᴵ.]

פּֽלִיאָה f.n. 1 wonder, marvel (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 139:6 in the sentence פּֽלִיאָה דַּעַת מִמֶּנִּי, ‘such knowledge is too wonderful for me’). MH 2 astonishment, amazement. [From פלא; properly f. of the adj. פָּלִיא (= wonderful, marvelous).]

פָּלֵיאוֹגְרָף m.n. FW paleographer. [See פָּלֵיאוֹגְרַפְיָה and ◌גֽרָף.]

פָּלֵיאוֹגְרָפִי adj. FW paleographic. [See פָּלֵיאוֹגֽרַפֽיָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּלֵיאוֹגְרַפְיָה f.n. FW paleography. [Compounded of Gk. palaios (= ancient), and graphia, from graphein (= to write). The first element derives from palai (= long ago). For the second element see ◌גְרַפֽיָה and cp. the first element in פָּלִימְפְּסֶסֽט and in פָּלִינְדְּרוֹם.]

פָּלֵיאוֹזוֹאִי adj. FW Palaeozoic. [Eng. Palaeozoic, from Gk. palaios (see פָּלֵיאוֹגְרַפֽיָה), zoe (= life; see זוֹאוֹלוֹגְיָה), and suff. – ic. The word Palaeozoic was coined by Adam Sedgwick (1785–1873).]

פָּלֵיאוֹלִיתִי adj. FW paleolithic. [Coined by John Lubbock, the later Baron Avebury (1834–1913) from Gk. palios (= ancient; see פָּלַיאוֹגְרַפְיָה), lithos (= stone; see לִיתְיוּם), and suff. – ic (q.v. in my CEDEL.).]

פְּלֵיאוֹנַזְם m.n. FW pleonasm. [Gk. pleonasmos, from pleonazein (= to be more than enough, abound, be superfluous), from pleon (= more). See פְּלוּס.]

פָּלֵיאוֹנְטוֹלוֹג m.n. FW paleontologist. [Back formation from פָּלֵיאוֹנְטוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

פָּלֵיאוֹנְטוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW paleontology. [Fren. paléontologie, compounded of Gk. palaios (= ancient), on, ontos, neuter pres. part. of einai (= to be), and logia. See פָּלֵיאוֹגְרַפְיָה. See also ‘be’ in my CEDEL. cp. פִיסִי and see ◌לוֹגְיָה.]

פְּלִיאוּת f.n. MH wonderfulness, a wonderful thing. [From פלא. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּלְיָאטִיב m.n. FW palliative. [From L. palliātus (= cloaked; covered, protected), from pallium (= cloak), which is related to palla (= long upper garment of Roman women), and prob. cogn. with L. pellis (= skin). See פִילְם.]

פַּלְיָאטִיבִי adj. FW palliative. [See פַּלְיָאטִיב and suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּלִיג adj. PBH opposed, contested. [Aram., pass. part. of פּֽלֵג, פְּלֵג (= he split, divided). See פלג.]

פְּלִיגָה f.n. PBH difference of opinion, dispute. [From פלג. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּלֵיָדָה f.n. FW Pleiades. [L. Plēiades (pl.), from Gk. Pleiades, pl. contracted from Peleiades, and prob. lit. meaning ‘constellation of the dove’, from peleiade, pl. of peleias (= dove), a derivative of peleia, properly ‘the gray bird’, from IE base * pel– (= dark-colored, gray), whence also Old Eng. fealo (= brown). See ‘fallow’ (brownish yellow) in my CEDEL.]

פִּלְיוֹן m.n. PBH (pl. פִּלֽיוֹנוֹת) felt cap or hat. [Gk. pilion, L. pilleum, pilleus (= a felt cap or hat), which is related to Gk. pilos (= felt), prob. also to L. pila (= ball, playing ball). See ‘pile’ (fine hair) in my CEDEL.]

פְּלִיז m.n. PBH brass. [From Aram. פּֽלִיזָא, which prob. derives from Arab. filizz, a collateral form of filazz (= a non-precious metal).]

פָּלִֽיחַ adj. NH cleavable, plowable. [Coined from פלח (= to cleave, plow), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

פְּלִיחָה f.n. NH cleaving, plowing. [Verbal n. of פָּלַח. See פלח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּלִיט m.n. fugitive, refugee. [From פלט.]

פְּלֵיטָה see פּֽלֵטָה.

פְּלִיטָה f.n. MH throwing up, ejection. [Verbal n. of פָּלַט. See פלט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פֶלְיֶטוֹן m.n. FW feuilleton. [Fren. feuilleton (orig.: ‘a leaflet added to the newspaper’), dimin. formed from feuille (= leaf), from L. folium (of s.m.), for whose etymology see פוֹלְיוֹ.] Derivatives: פֶלְיֶטוֹנַאי, פֶלֽיֶטוֹנִי.

פְּלַיְטוֹן see פּוֹלְיָטוֹן.

פֶלְיֶטוֹנַאי m.n. FW feuilletonist. [Formed from פֶלֽיֶטוֹן with suff. ◌ַאי.]

פֶלְיֶטוֹנִי adj. FW feuilletonistic. [Formed from פֶלְיֶטוֹן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פֶלְיֶטוֹנִיסְט m.n. FW feuilletonist. [Fren. feuilletoniste, from feuilleton. See פֶלְיֶטוֹן and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.]

פָּלִיל m.n. judge. [From פלל ᴵ. cp. פְּלִילָה.] Derivative: פְּלִילִי.

פְּלִילָה f.n. office of judge or umpire (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 16:3). [Formed from פלל ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּלִילוּת f.n. PBH legal dispute, litigation. [Formed from פלל ᴵ with first suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּלִילִי adj. 1 calling for judgment (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 31:28). NH 2 criminal. [From פלל ᴵ. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פּֽלִילִיּוּת.

פְּלִילִיָּה f.n. judging, giving a decision (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 28:7). [From פלל ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּלִילִיּוּת f.n. NH criminality. [Formed from פּֽלִילִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּלִימְפְּסֶסְט m.n. FW palimpsest. [L. palimpsēstus, from Gk. palimpsestos (= scraped again), compounded of palis (= again), and verbal adj. of psen (= to touch on the surface, to rub). The first element is related to palai (= long ago); see פָּלֵיאוֹגְרַפְיָה and cp. the first element in פָּלִינְדֽרוֹם. The second element is related to Gk. psammos (= sand), psephos (= small stone, pebble); see פְּסֵיפוֹס.]

פָּלִינְדְּרוֹם f.n. FW palindrome. [Gk. palindromos (= running again), compounded of palin (= again) and dromos (= course), whence dromaios kamelos (= dromedary). See ‘dromedary’ in my CEDEL.]

פֶּלִיקַן m.n. FW pelican. [Late L. pelicānus, pelecānus, from Gk. pelekan (= pelican), from pelekus (= ax), which derives from Akka. pilaqqu (= ax).]

פְלִירְט m.n. FW flirt. [Eng. flirt (n.), from flirt (v.), from Fren. fleureter, from conter des fleurettes (= to talk sweet nonsense, to flirt), from Fren. fleurette (= little flower; courteous flattery), dimin. of fleur (= flower), from L. flōrem, accusative of flōs (= flower). See פְלוֹרָה.] Derivative: פלרטט.

פָּלִישׁ adj. NH invadable. [Formed from פלשׁ ᴵ (= to invade), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used in NH to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

פְּלִישָׁה f.n. NH invasion. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) as the verbal n. of פָּלַשׁ. See פלשׁ ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פֶּֽלֶךְ ᴵ m.n. district, circuit. [Together with JAram. פִּלְכָּא (= district), prob. borrowed from Akka. pilku (of s.m.).]

פֶּֽלֶךְ ᴵᴵ m.n. distaff, spindle (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 31:19). [Together with JAram. פִּלְכָּא (= distaff, spindle), prob. borrowed from Akka. pilakku (of s.m.), which prob. derives from a base פלך (= to be round), whence also Arab. falak (= something round), falka (= distaff, spindle).]

פֶּֽלֶךְ ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. crutch, staff (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 3:29). [Of uncertain etymology. The meaning is based on the Septuagint. According to several lexicographers, however, פֶּלֶךְ in the above passage is identical with פֶּלֶךְ ᴵᴵ.]

פלל ᴵ to judge, arbitrate.
    — Pi. - פִּלֵּל 1 he mediated, judged; 2 he thought, expected.
    — Pu. - פֻּלַּל was thought, was expected. [cp. Old Assyrian palālum (= to sit in judgment). According to some scholars this base orig. meant ‘he cleft, split, decided’, hence related to Arab. falla (= he cut, broke). For sense development cp. פסק (= to split, divide; to decide), and L. dēcīdere (= to decide), from caedere (= to cut). According to other scholars, פלל in the above sense is related to Arab. falā(y) (= he searched, examined, scrutinized). For the probable relationship between פלל ᴵ and פלל ᴵᴵ see פלל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פָּלִיל, פְּלִילוּת, פְּלִילָה, פִּלִילִי, פְּלִילִיָּה, מַפְלִיל.

פלל ᴵᴵ to pray.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּלֵּל he prayed. [Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars it is related to Arab. falla (= he cut himself in worship). However, it is more probable that פלל in the above sense is related to נפל (= to fall, prostrate oneself), and orig. meant ‘to prostrate oneself in prayer’, or that it is orig. identical with פלל ᴵ and lit. means ‘to invoke as a judge’.] Derivatives: פֶּלֶל, פִּלּוּל, מִפְלָל, תְּפִלָּה, תּֽפִלִּין.

פֶּֽלֶל m.n. MH prayer. [From פלל ᴵᴵ.]

פְּלַלְגּוּלָה f.n. PBH a small onion. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Aram. פּוּגְלָא (= radish). See פֻּגְלָה and פְּגַלְגּוֹל.]

פלם to be moist.
    — Pu. - פֻּלַּם was made humid, was made viscous (mostly used in the part. מְפֻלָּם).] [Denominated from פִּילוֹמָא (= mud).]

פַּלְמוּדָה f.n. PBH a kind of a fish, now identified with Pelamys sarda. [Gk. pelamys (= young tunny), which prob. derives from pelos (= mud) and was so called in allusion to its habitat. See פִּילוֹמָא.]

פַּלְמוֹנִי m.n. such-a-one, so -and- so (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Dan. 8:13). [A blend of פּֽלוֹנִי and אַלְמוֹנִי (q.v.).]

פֻּלְמוֹס see פּוּלמוֹס.

פֻּלְמוֹסִי see פּוּלְמוֹסִי.

פִּלְמוּר m.n. NH polymerization. [Verbal n. of פִּלְמֵר, Pi. of פּלמר.]

פַּלְמַ״ח m.n. ‘Palmah’ (striking force of the Haganah). [Abbreviation of פְּלֻגּוֹת מַחַץ (= shock troops).]

פְלָמִינְגוֹ m.n. FW flamingo. [Portuguese flamingo, from Sp. flamenco, from Provençal flamenc (lit.: ‘flame-colored’), from flama (= flame), from L. flamma and - enc (see ‘flame’ and ‘-ing’, ‘pertaining to’, in my CEDEL). The bird was so called in allusion to the color of its feathers.]

פלמס to contend, to argue.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּלְמֵס he contended, argued. [Denominated from פּוּלְמוֹס (= war, polemic).] Derivative: הִתְפַּלְמֽסוּת.

פּלמר to polymerize.
    — Pi. - פִּלְמֵר he polymerized.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּלְמֵר was polymerized. [Hebraization of polymerize.] Derivative: פִּלְמוּר.

פְּלֶנוּם m.n. plenum. [L. plānum (= a space occupied by matter, a plenum); properly neuter of the adj. plēnus (= full), from IE base * plē– (= to be full; to fill). See ‘full’ (adj.) in my CEDEL and cp. the second element in מָנִיפּוּלַצְיָה, קוֹמְפְּלֶט.]

פְּלָנֶטָה f.n. FW planet. [Late L. planēta, from Gk. planetes (= wandering, wanderer), a collateral form of planus (= wanderer, roamer), which is of uncertain etymology. cp. פְּלָנֶטָרִי, פְּלָנֶטַרֽיוֹן.]

פְּלַנְטַצְיָה f.n. FW plantation. [L. plantātiō (= plantation), from plantātus, p. part. of plantāre (= to plant), from planta (= sprout, shoot, twig), which is prob. a back formation from * plantāre (= to tread down with the sole), whence ‘to level the ground for sowing’, a denominative formed from planta (= sole of the foot). See ‘place’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פּֽלַנֽטַצֽיָה see suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

פְּלָנֶטָרִי adj. FW planetary. [Late L. planētārius (= pertaining to planets). See פְּלָנֶטָה. For the L. ending ‘-ārius’ see adj. suff. ‘-ary’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פּֽלָנֶטָרִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּלָנֶטַרְיוֹן, פְּלָנֶטַרְיוּם m.n. FW planetarium. [Modern L. planētārium, properly subst. use of the neuter of the Late L. adj. planētārius.]

פְּלָנִימֶטֶר m.n. FW planimeter. [Fren. planimétre, compounded of L. plānus (= even, level, flat), and metrum (= measure, meter). The first element derives from IE base * p(e)lā– (= broad, flat, spread out). For the second element see מֶטֶר.]

פְּלָנִימֶטְרִי adj. FW planimetric. [Back formation from פְּלָנִימֶטְרִיָּה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּלָנִימֶטְרִיָּה f.n. FW planimetry. [Med. L. plānimetria, compounded of L. plānus (= even, level, flat), and – metria (= –metry). See פְּלָנִימֶטֶר.]

פְלַנֶּל m.n. FW flannel. [Welsh gwlanen (= flannel), from gwlân (= wool), which is cogn. with L. lāna (= wool), etc. See ‘wool’ in my CEDEL and cp. פֽלַנֶּלִית.]

פְלַנֶּלִית f.n. NH flannelette. [Hebraization of Fren. flanelette, dimin. of flanelle, from Eng. flannel. See פְלַנֶּל.]

פְּלַנְקְטוֹן m.n. FW plankton. [Ger. Plankton, coined by the German physiologist Viktor Hensen (1835–1924) from Gk. plagkton, neuter of plagktos (= wandering), verbal adj. of plazo (= I go astray, wander), which is related to plege (= stroke), and cogn. with L. plangere (= to strike, to beat the breast). These words derive from IE base * plāq-, *plāg- (= to strike), whence also L. plāga (= stroke, blow, wound, pestilence). See ‘plague’ in my CEDEL.]

פלס to level, smooth.
    — Pi. - פִּלֵּס 1 he leveled, smoothed; PBH 2 he balanced.
    — Pu. - פֻּלַּס was leveled, was smoothed. [A base occurring only in Hebrew and in Phoen. cp. פלשׁ.] Derivatives: פֶּלֶס, פַּלָּס, פִּלּוּס, מֽפֻלָּס, מָפֽלָס, מַפֽלֵסָה, מֽפַלֶּסֶת.

פֶּֽלֶס m.n. balance, scale. [From פלס.]

פַּלָּס m.n. NH leveler. [Nomen opificis formed from פִּלֵּס, Pi. of פלס.]

פֻּלְסָא see פּוּלְסָא.

פִּלְסוּף m.n. NH philosophizing. [Verbal n. of פִּלְסֵף, Pi. of פלסף.]

פְּלַסְטִי adj. FW plastic. [L. plasticus, from Gk. plastikos (= of molding, of forming), from plastosa (= molded, formed), verbal adj. of plasein.] Derivative: פּֽלַסְטִיּוּת.

פְּלַסְטִיּוּת f.n. FW plasticity. [Formed from פּֽלַסֽטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּלֶסְטִינַאי, פַּלֶסְטִינִי see פַּלֶשֽׂתִינַאי.

פְּלַסְטֵר see פּֽלַסֽתֵּר.

פְּלַסְמָה f.n. FW plasma. [Late L. plasma, from Gk. plasma (= something molded), from plasein (= to mold, form, model). See פּֽלַסְתֵּר and cp. second element in פְּרוֹטוֹפּֽלַסְמָה. For the ending see suff. ‘–ma’ in my CEDEL.]

פלסף to philosophize.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּלֽסֵף he philosophized. [Denominated from פִילוֹסוֹף (= philosopher).] Derivatives: הִתֽפַּלְסֽפוּת, מִתֽפַּלֽסֵף, פִּלְסוּף.

פַּלְסָפָה f.n. NH philosophy. [A secondary form of פִילוֹסוֹפֽיָה.] Derivative: פַּלְסֽפָנוּת.

פַּלְסְפָנוּת f.n. NH philosophizing. [Formed from פַּלְסָפָה with suff. ◌ָן and suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּלַסְתֵּר, פְּלַסְטֵר m.n. PBH forgery, fraud. [Gk. plaste, plastes (= molder, modeler), hence ‘forger’, from plassein (= to mold, form, model). cp. פּֽלַסְטִי, פּֽלַסְמָה.]

פִּלְפּוּל m.n. PBH dispute, debate, discussion, argumentation. [Verbal n. of פלפל ᴵ. cp. פִּלֽפּוּלָא.]

פִּלְפּוּלָא m.n. PBH dispute, debate, discussion, argumentation. [Aram., corresponding to Heb. פִּלְפּוּל. See פִּלְפּוּל.]

פלפל ᴵ to discuss, argue, debate.
    — Pilp. - פִּלְפֵּל PBH 1 he turned to and fro; 2 he disputed, discussed.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּלְפֵּל he argued, disputed. [Pilp. of base פלל. Whence also Syr. פַּל (= he sprinkled), corresponding to Heb. בְּלֵל, respectively בִּלֽבֵּל. There is no connection between the v. פלפל ᴵ and the n. פִּלְפֵּל (= pepper) as most scholars would have it.] Derivatives: פִּלֽפּוּל, הִתְפַּלְפְּלוּת, פַּלְפְּלָן.

פלפל ᴵᴵ to pepper.
    — Pi. - פִּלְפֵּל he peppered.
    — Pu. - פֻּלְפַּל was peppered. [Denominated from פִּלְפֵּל.] Derivative: מֽפֻלֽפָּל.

פִּלְפֵּל m.n. PBH pepper. [Like Arab. fulful, filfil (= pepper) borrowed through Persian and Aram. mediation from Old I. pippalī́ (= berry, peppercorn), which is of imitative origin. Gk. peperi (whence L. piper) is of the same origin. L. piper was borrowed by many European languages. See ‘pepper’ in my CEDEL and cp. פַּפְּרִיקָה, פִּלֽפּֽלָא, פִּלֽפַּלֽתָּא.] Derivatives: פִּלֽפֶּלֶת, פִּלְפְּלוֹן.

פָלָֽפֶל m.n. NH ‘falafel’ — a kind of spiced Oriental pasty. [Arab. falāfil.]

פִּלְפְּלָא, פִּלְפַּלְתָּא f.n. PBH pepper. [Borrowed through Persian mediation from Old I. pippalī́. See פִּלְפֵּל.]

פִּלְפְּלוֹן m.n. NH Schinus (a genus of trees). [Formed from פִּלֽפֵּל with suff. ◌וֹן.]

פַּלְפְּלָן, פִּלְפְּלָן m.n. PBH arguer, debater, casuist. [Formed from פִּלֽפֵּל, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּלְפְּלָנוּת, פַּלֽפּֽלָנִי.

פַּלְפְּלָנוּת f.n. NH argumentation, casuistry. [Formed from פַּלְפְּלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּלְפְּלָנִי adj. NH argumentative, casuistic. [Formed from פַּלֽפּֽלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פִּלְפֶּֽלֶת f.n. PBH 1 peppercorn. NH 2 Capsicum annuum. [Formed from פִּלְפֵּל with suff. ◌ֶת.]

פִּלְפַּלְתָּא see פִּלְפּֽלָא.

פלץ to shudder.
    — Pi. - פִּלֵּץ he caused to shudder.
    — Pu. - פֻּלַּץ was made to shudder.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּלֵּץ he shuddered (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 9:6). [Of unknown etymology.] Derivatives: פֶּלֶץ, פַּלָּצוּת, מִפְלָץ, מִפְלֶצֶת, תִּפְלֶצֶת.

פֶּֽלֶץ m.n. MH shudder. [From פלץ.]

פְּלָצוּר m.n. PBH 1 sling. NH 2 lasso, lariat. [L. pressōrium (= a press), subst. use of the adj. pressōrius (= that which serves for pressing), from pressus, p. part. of premere (= to press, clasp), which is related to prēlum (= press, wine press).] Derivative: פלצר.

פַּלָּצוּת f.n. shuddering. [From פלץ. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

פלצר to rope (cattle), to lasso.
    — Pi. - פִּלְצֵר he roped (cattle), lassoed.
    — Pu. - פֻּלְצַר was roped, was lassoed. [Denominated from פְּלָצוּר.]

פְּלָקָט m.n. FW placard. [Fren. placarde, from plaquier, plaquer (= to lay on, plaster), from Dutch placken (= to patch a garment, to plaster), which is related to Ger. placke, Placken (= spot, patch). See ‘plack’ in my CEDEL.]

פֶּלַרְגּוֹנְיוּם m.n. FW Pelargonium (a genus of plants). [Modern L. Pelargonium, from Gk. pelargos (= stork), which stands for pela-Fargos, lit.: ‘blackish white’. The first element of this word is related to pelos (= livid), pellos (= dark-colored, dusky), potios (= gray); see פּוֹלְיוֹ. The second element means ‘shining, bright, white’, and derives from IE base * arg- (= to shine); see אַרְגּוּמֶנְט.]

פלרטט to flirt.
    — Pi. - פְלִרְטֵט he flirted. [Denominated from פְלִירֽט (= flirt).]

פלשׂ to level (= פלס). [Possibly the base of מִפְלָשׂ (q.v.).]

פלשׁ ᴵ to roll (in dust, etc.).
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּלֵּשׁ he rolled himself (in dust, etc.). [Aram. פלשׁ, אִתְפַּלֵּשׁ (= he rolled himself), Ugar. plṭ (= rolling himself). The orig. meaning of this base was prob. ‘to burrow into’. Accordingly it is ultimately identical with פלשׁ ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: הִתֽפַּלּֽשׁוּת.

פלשׁ ᴵᴵ to open through; penetrate, invade.
    — Qal. - פָּלַשׁ he invaded, intruded.
    — Pi. - פִּלֵּשׁ PBH 1 he opened through, dug through; NH 2 he made a passage through.
    — Pu. - פֻּלַּשׁ was opened through, was dug through.
    — Hiph. - הִפְלִישׁ he caused to invade. [Aram.–Syr. פְּלַשׁ (= he broke through, dug), Arab. fallasa (= he cleft, split), Akka. palāshu (= to dig through), pilshu (= hole). cp. the related base בלשׁ.] Derivatives: פַּלְשָׁן, פַּלְשָׁנִי, פִּלּוּשׁ, פָּלִישׁ, פְּלִישָׁה, פּוֹלֵשׁ, מִפְלָשׁ, מְפֻלָּשׁ. cp. פַלָּשִׁים.

פַלָּשִׁים m.n. pl. NH the Falashas. [From Ethiop., lit. ‘invaders’, or ‘emigrants’. See פלשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

פַּלְשָׁן m.n. NH invader. [Formed from פלשׁ ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּלְשָׁנָי.

פַּלְשָׁנִי adj. NH invading, invasive. [Formed from פלשׁ ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פְּלֶשֶׁת f.n. Philistia, land of the Philistines.

פְּלִשְׁתִּי m.n. Philistine. [From פְּלֶשֶׁת.]

פָּלֶשְׂתִּינַאי, פַּלֶסְטִינַאי, פַּלֶסְטִינִי adj. & m.n. Palestinian. [Formed from פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה with suff. ◌ַאי.]

פַּלֶשְׂתִּינָה f.n. NH Palestine. [From Gk. palaistine, from Heb. פּֽלֶשֶׁת (q.v.). Already Herodotus (and after him Ptolemy and Pliny) used the phrase Syrie e palaistine (= Palestinian Syria) to denote Judea and Palestine as well as the interior of the land down to the Arabian desert. Later the phrase ‘Palestinian Syria’ was shortened into ‘Palestine’, which was used already by Josephus and Philo. Since Vespasian the country was called officially ‘Palestine’. In 1948 the name was changed into ‘Israel’. Syr. פלסטינא and Arab. Falastīn go back to Gk. palaistine.]

פְּלֵתִי m.n. ‘Pelethite’ — bodyguard of David (from כּֽרֵתִי וּפֽלֵתִי, ‘Kerethite and Pelethite’, Sam. II 8:18, 15:18). Prob. assimilation of פְּלִשְׁתִּי (q.v.) and כְּרֵתִי (q.v.).]

פֻּם see פּוּם.

פֻּמְבֵּי f.n. PBH pomp, solemnity, ostentation. [Gk. pompe (= a sending; solemn procession), which stands in gradational relationship to pempein (= to send), which is of unknown etymology.] Derivative: פֻּמְבִּי (adj.).

פֻּמְבִּי adj. NH public. [From פֻּמְבֵּי.] Derivative: פֻּמְבִּיּוּת.

פֻּמְבִּיּוּת f.n. NH publicity. [Formed from פֻּמְבִּי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּמוֹט m.n. PBH (pl. פָּמוֹטוֹת) candlestick. [Of unknown origin.]

פָּמַלְיָא, פָּמַלְיָה f.n. PBH household, retinue. [L. familia (= family), from L. famulus, from Old L. famul (= servant), which is of uncertain origin. Arab. familiyya is borrowed from It. famiglia, from L. familia. For the sense development of L. familia from famul cp. Heb. מִשְׁפָּחָה (= family), which is related to שִׁפְחָה (= maid servant).]

פִּמְפּוּם m.n. NH stuffing, gorge. [Verbal n. of פִּמְפֵּם, Pi. of פמפם.]

פֻּמְפִּיָּה f.n. PBH grater. [Aram. פּוּמֽפַּיָּא, derived from פּוּם (= mouth) and so called because of its many holes.]

פַּמְפְלֶט m.n. FW pamphlet. [Fren. pamphlet, from Middle Eng. pamflet, alteration of Pamphilet or Panflet, popular name of a Latin comedy of the 12th century, entitled Pamphilus seu de amore. The name Pamphilus derives from Gk. pamphilos, which lit. means ‘beloved of all’, from pan- (see פַּן◌) and philos (= lover, friend; see פִילוֹ◌).]

פמפם to stuff, to gorge oneself.
    — Pi. - פִּמְפֵּם he stuffed, gorged himself. [Denominated from Aram. פּוּמָא (= mouth).]

פֶּן conj. 1 lest, in order not to. 2 perhaps. [Related to Aram. פּוֹן (= would that, perhaps); of uncertain origin. According to several scholars a shortened form of a noun derived from פנה (= to turn away).]

פָּן m.n. MH form, kind. [Back formation from פָּנִים (= face), which is a plurale tantum in the Bible. But the sing. of פָּנִים could only be פָּנֶה. cp. e.g. עָלֶה (= leaf), pl. עָלִים, and קָנֶה (= cane), pl. קָנִים. I tentatively suggest that פן is a loan word from Arab. fann, pl. funūn (= kind, specimen, variety, side), so that the correct form would be פַּן, in pause פָּן, and in the pl. פַּנִּים. cp. e.g. סַל (= basket), pausal form סָל, pl. סַלִּים, from סלל, and עַם (= people), pausal form עָם, pl. עַמִּים, from עמם. Whence the punctuation פָּנִים is due to a confusion with פָּנִים, with which orig. it had nothing in common.]

פַּן m.n. FW Pan (Greek mythology). [Gk. pan, prob. contracted from pauson and cogn. with Old I. Pāṣán (a Vedic god, guardian and multiplier of cattle and of human possessions in general, lit. ‘nourisher’. cp. פָּנִיקָה.]

פַּן◌ FW pan- (combining form as in פַּן־אֲמֵרִיקָנִי, ‘pan-American’). [Gk. pan, from pas, pasa (= all, every), which is of uncertain origin. cp. the first element in פַּנְדּוֹרָה, פָּנוֹרָמָה, פַּנְטוֹגְרָף, פַּנְקְרֵיאַס.]

פְּנַאי, פְּנַי m.n. PBH 1 spare time, leisure. 2 emptiness. [From פנה. cp. פָּנוּי.]

פַּנַּג m.n. 1 a kind of flour or food (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 27:17). 2 some scholars identify it with the millet. [A loan word from Akka. pannigu.]

פנג to indulge, pamper, spoil.
    — Pi. - פִּנֵּג he indulged, pampered, spoiled.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּנֵּג he pampered himself.] [A secondary form of פנק.]

פַּנְדּוּרָה f.n. PBH pandora, shepherd’s pipe. [L. pandura (= a three-stringed musical instrument), from Gk. pandoura, which is of unknown origin.]

פַּנְדּוֹרָה f.n. FW Pandora (Greek mythology). [Gk. pandora (= Pandora; lit. ‘giver of all’, from pan- (see פַּן◌) and doron (= gift); see דּוֹרוֹן.]

פֻּנְדָּק, פֻּנְדְּקַאי, פֻּנְדָּקִי see פּוּנְדָּק, פּוּנְדְּקַאי, פּוּנֽדָּקִי.

פנה to turn.
    — Qal - פָּנָה 1 he turned, turned toward (אֶל), turned away; 2 he turned and looked, looked, looked at (אֶל), considered, regarded; PBH 3 he freed himself, was free.
    — Niph. - נִפְנָה 1 he turned away; 2 was free, was at leisure; 3 was removed; 4 he eased nature, eased himself.
    — Pi. - פִּנָּה MH 1 he removed, cleaned, emptied; NH 2 he vacated, evacuated.
    — Pu. - פֻּנָּה MH 1 was removed, was emptied; NH 2 was vacated, was evacuated.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּנָּה 1 was removed, was emptied; 2 he became free, had leisure.
    — Hiph. - הִפְנָה . 1 v. he turned, caused to turn; 2 intr. v., he turned, made a turn.
    — Hoph. - הָפְנָה 1 was turned, was directed; PBH 2 was disengaged, was free. [JAram.–Syr. פְּנָא (= he turned), Arab. faniya (= he passed away, vanished), fanā (= passing away), Ethiop. fannawa (= he sent away). cp. פָּנִים. cp. also פנן, אֹפֶן.] Derivatives: פּֽנַאי, פָּנוּי, פִּנּוּי, פְּנוּת, פּֽנִיָּה, פּוֹנָה, הַפֽנָאָה, הַפְנָיָה, הִפָּנוּת, הִתֽפַּנּוּת, מֻפֽנֶה, מְפֻנֶּה, תַּפֽנִית. cp. פֶּנֶת.

פִּנָּה f.n. 1 corner. 2 end. [From פנן, a base parallel to פנה.]

פָּנוּי adj. & m.n. PBH 1 empty, vacant. NH 2 free. PBH 3 unmarried, bachelor. [Pass. part. of פָּנָה. See פנה.]

פִּנּוּי m.n. PBH 1 emptying, clearing. NH 2 evacuation. [Verbal n. of פִּנָּה, Pi. of פנה.]

פֶנוֹמֶן m.n. FW phenomenon. [Late L. phaenomenon, from Gk. phainomenon, neuter of phainomenos, pres. part. of phainesthai (= to appear), pass. part. of phainein (= to make appear, to show). See פַנְטַסְיָה.]

פֶנוֹמֶנָלִי adj. FW phenomenal. [Eng. phenomenal, a hybrid coined by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), from phenomenon (see פֶנוֹמֶן) and suff. - al. See adj. suff. ‘-al’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: פֶנוֹמֶנָלִיּוּת, פֶנוֹמֶנָלִיזְם.

פֶנוֹמֶנָלִיּוּת f.n. FW phenomenalism. [Formed from פֶנוֹמֶנָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֶנוֹמֶנָלִיזְם m.n. FW phenomenalism. [See פֶנוֹמֶנָלִי and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פִּנּוּק m.n. MH spoiling, pampering. [Verbal n. of פִּנֵּק, Pi. of פנק.]

פָּנוֹרָמָה f.n. FW panorama. [Lit.: ‘a complete view’. Compounded of Gk. pan- (see פַּן◌) and horama (= that which is seen, view, sight), from horan (= to see), which is cogn. with L. verērī (= to observe with awe, revere, respect, fear), Old Eng. waer (= cautious, aware). See ‘ware’ (= alert) in my CEDEL and cp. דִּיאוֹרָמָה.]

פְּנוּת f.n. PBH unoccupancy. [Formed from פָּנָה (see פנה) with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֶּנְטָגוֹן FW, פֶּנְטִיגוֹן PBH pentagon. [Gk. pentagonon, neuter of the adj. pentagonos (lit.: ‘five-cornered’), which is compounded of penta, from pente (= five), and gonos, from the stem of gonia (= corner, angle). cp. the first element in פֶּנְטָטוֹנִי and the second element in טְרִיגוֹן.]

פַּנְטוֹגְרָף m.n. FW pantograph. [Lit.: ‘all-writer’. Compounded of Gk. pan– (see פַּן◌) and graphos (see ◌גְרָף).]

פַּנְטוֹמִימָה f.n. FW pantomime. [Fren. pantomime, from L. pantomīmus, from Gk. pantomimos (= pantomimic actor; lit.: ‘all-imitating’), compounded of panto, from pan (= all; see פַּן◌), and mimos (= imitator; see מוּמוֹס[[illegible]])

פֶּנְטָטוֹנִי adj. FW pentatonic. [Compounded of Gk. penta (see פֶּנְטָגוֹן) and tonos (= musical tone; see טוֹן ᴵ). For the ending of פֶּנְטָטוֹנִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

פָנָטִי adj. fanatic. [L. fānāticus (= pertaining to a temple, inspired, enthusiastic), from fānum (= temple), from earlier * fas-nom (= a consecrated place). See ‘fair’ (= gathering of buyers) and ‘feast’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פָנָטִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

פֶּנְטִיגוֹן see פֶּנְטָגוֹן.

פָנָטִיּוּת f.n. FW fanaticism. [Formed from פָנָטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָנָטִיזְם m.n. FW fanaticism. [See פָנָטִי and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פנטס to fantasy; to improvise.
    — Pi. - פִנְטֵס 1 he fantasied. 2 he improvised. [Denominated from פַנְטַסְיָה.]

פַנְטַסְטִי adj. FW fantastic. [Gk. phantastikos (= able to present to the mind), from phantastes (= one who is fond of display), from phantazein. See פַנְטַסְיָה.]

פַנְטַסְיָה f.n. FW fantasy. [Gk. phantasia (= look, appearance, imagination, image), from phantazein (= to make visible, display), from the stem of phainein (= to make appear, show; to shine), whence also phanos (= torch), phanoras (= visible, manifest, illustrious); related to phaos, phos (= light). See פוֹטוֹ◌ and cp. פֶנוֹמֶן. cp. also פָּנָס and the second element in צֶלּוֹפָן and in תֵּיאוֹפַנְיָה. For the ending of פַנְטַסְיָה see suff. ◌יָה.] Derivative: פנטס.

פַּנְטֵר see פַּנְתֵּר.

פְּנַי see פְּנַאי.

פְּנִיָּה f.n. MH MH 1 turning. NH 2 tendency. [Verbal n. of פָּנָה. See פנה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּנִים m. & f.n. pl. 1 face, countenance. 2 forepart, front part, front. 3 surface, level. 4 appearance. 5 manner, way. 6 wrath, anger. [Prob. a derivative of פנה and lit. meaning ‘the side turned toward one’. Related to Phoen. פנם, Moabite לפני, מפני, Punic פן, פנה (= before), Ugar. pnm (= into), Akka. pānu (= face, surface), Syr. פְּנִיתָא (= side). According to some scholars פָּנִים is orig. the pl. of פֶּה (= mouth). For sense development cp. L. os, gen. oris (= mouth; face).] Derivatives: פנים, פנימה. cp. לִפֽנַי.

פְּנִים m.n. PBH 1 inside, interior. NH 2 text. [Prob. back formation from פְּנִימָה (q.v.).] Derivatives: פנם, פְּנִימוֹן, פּֽנִימִי, פְּנִימִיָּה.

פְּנִימַאי m.n. NH inmate, boarder. [Back formation from פּֽנִימִיָּה.]

פְּנִֽימָה adv. toward the inside, within. [Standing for פָּנִימָה. Formed from פָּנִים with local suff. ◌ָה, hence lit. meaning ‘faceward’ (from the point of view of a person entering a room). The ‘shwa’ is prob. due to an assimilation to פְּנִימִי. cp. פְּנִים. For the form cp. יָמִימָה, in the phrase מִיָּמִים יָמִימָה (= from year to year), which was formed from יָמִים, the pl. of יוֹם (= day), with local suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּנִימוֹן m.n. NH pneumatic tube. [Formed from פְּנִים with suff. ◌וֹן (under the influence of Fren. pneumatique, or Eng. pneumatic. See פּֽנִימִית.]

פְּנִימִי adj. inner, inward, interior. [Prob. formed from פָּנִים with suff. ◌ִי. For sense development cp. פְּנִימָה.] Derivatives: פּֽנִימִיּוּת, פּֽנִימִית.

פְּנִימִיָּה f.n. NH boarding school. [Formed from פְּנִימִי with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פְּנִימִיּוּת f.n. MH internality, internal part. [Formed from פְּנִימִיָּה with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּנִימִית f.n. NH pneumatic. [A blend of פְּנִים and of Fren. pneumatique or Eng. pneumatic.]

פְּנִינָה f.n. (pl. פְּנִינִים) 1 coral (according to several scholars: ‘pearl’). MH 2 something precious. [Prob. derived from base פנן and lit. meaning ‘something angular or ramified’.] Derivatives: פנן ᴵᴵ, פְּנִינִי, פְּנִינִיָּה.

פְּנִינִי adj. MH pearly. [Formed from פְּנִינָה with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּנִינִיָּה f.n. NH Numida meleagris; guinea fowl (bird). [Formed from פְּנִינָה (= pearl), with suff. ◌ִיָּה; so called in allusion to the pearllike spots in its feathers.]

פֶּנִיצִילִין m.n. FW penicillin. [Eng. penicillin. Coined by the English bacteriologist Sir Alexander Fleming in 1929 from Modern L. Pēnicillium, from L. pēnicillus or pēnicillum (= painter’s brush), dimin. of pēniculus (= brush, painter’s brush or pencil), itself dimin. of pēnis (= tail, male organ of generation; see ‘penis’ in my CEDEL). The Pēnicillium was so called because it develops organs resembling a brush.]

פָּנִיקָה f.n. FW panic. [Fren. panique, from Gk. panikon (shortened from panikon deina (= panic fright), neuter of panikos (= panic), lit.: ‘pertaining to Pan’; orig.: ‘fear caused by Pan’.]

פֶנִיקִי adj. FW Phoenician. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from Gk. Phoinike which prob. means lit. ‘land of purple’, from phoinikos (= purple, crimson; date palm, date; a fabulous bird, the phoenix), which is related to phoinos (= bloodred), phonos (= murder). All these words derive from IE base * ghen- (= to strike). See אוֹפֶנְסִיבָה.]

פֶנִיקְס m.n. FW phoenix, phenix. [Gk. phoinix. See פֶנִיקִי.]

פִּנְכָּא, פִּינְכָּא f.n. PBH (pl. פְּנָכוֹת) dish, plate, platter. [Aram.–Syr.; a loan word from Gk. pinax (= board, plank; trencher, platter). See פִּנֽקָס and cp. פִּינָךְ.]

פנם to introvert, to interiorize.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽנִים he introverted.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְנַם was introverted. [Back formation from פְּנִים (= inside, interior).] Derivative: מֻפְנָם.

פנן to turn. [Prob. related to פנה (= to turn), hence base of פִּנָּה (= corner), and of פְּנִינָה (= coral; lit.: ‘something angular or ramified’).]

פנן ᴵᴵ to lend luster like a pearl.
    — Hiph. - הִפְנִין it lent luster (like a pearl). [Denominated from פְּנִינָה.]

פָּנָס m.n. PBH (pl. פָּנַסִּים) lamp, lantern. [Gk. phanos (of s.m.), from the stem phainein (= to make appear, show, shine). See פַנְטַסְיָה.]

פֶּנְסְיָה f.n. MH pension. [Fren. pénsion, from L. pēnsiōnem, accusative of pēnsiō (= payment), from pēnsus, p. part. of pendere (= to weigh, weigh out; pay; to value, esteem), lit.: ‘to cause to hang down, hold in suspension’, which is related to pendēre (= to hang, hang down), and to pondus, gen. ponderis (= weight). The origin of these Latin words is doubtful. cp. פֶּנְסְיוֹן.]

פֶּנְסְיוֹן m.n. FW boardinghouse, pension. [Fren. pension. See פֶּנְסֽיָה.]

פָּנָצֵיָה f.n. FW panacea (medicine). [L. panacēa, from Gk. panakeia (= universal remedy), from panakes (= all-healing), compounded of pan– (see פַּן◌) and akos (= remedy), which is of uncertain origin. See ‘panacea’ in my CEDEL.]

פנק to indulge, pamper, spoil.
    — Pa. - פַּנֵּק (= he treated with affection, indulged), Arab. fannaqa (= he pampered, spoiled). cp. פרנק and פנג.]
    — Pi. - פִּנֵּק he indulged, pampered, spoiled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 29:21).
    — Pu. - פֻּנַּק was pampered, was spoiled.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּנֵּק he pampered himself. [Aram.–Syr. Derivatives: פִּנּוּק, הִתְפַּנְּקוּת, מְפֻנָּק, תַּפְנוּק.

פִּנְקָס m.n. (pl. פִּנְקָסִים, also פִּנְקֽסָאוֹת) PBH 1 account book, ledger. MH 2 minute book, notebook. [From Gk. pinax (= board, plank; writing tablet; trencher, platter), which is possibly related to Old I. pinākam (= stick, rod). cp. פִּינָךְ, פִּנְכָּא.] Derivatives: פנקס, פִּנְקָסוֹן, פִּנְקֽסָן.

פנקס to record.
    — Pi. - פִּנֽקֵס he recorded; he entered into a book.
    — Pu. - פֻּנֽקַס was recorded; was entered into a book. [Denominated from פִּנֽקָס.] Derivative: מְפֻנְקָס.

פִּנְקָסוֹן m.n. NH 1 a small account book. 2 a small notebook. [Formed from פִּנְקָס with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פִּנְקְסָן m.n. NH bookkeeper. [Formed from פִּנְקָס with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פִּנֽקְסָנוּת, פִּנֽקְסָנִי.

פִּנְקְסָנוּת f.n. NH bookkeeping. [Formed from פִּנְקֽסָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּנְקְסָנִי adj. NH pertaining to bookkeeping. [Formed from פִּנְקְסָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּנְקְרֵיאָס m.n. FW pancreas (anatomy). [Medical L. pancreas, from Gk. pankreas, (lit.: ‘entirely flesh’), from pan- (see פַּן◌) and kreas (= flesh), which is cogn. with L. crūdus (= raw), cruor (= thick blood, gore). See ‘crude’ in my CEDEL.]

פֶּֽנֶת f.n. NH vamp (of shoe). [Aram. פַּנֽתָּא or אֲפַנְתָּא, of uncertain origin; perhaps a derivative of פּֽנָא (= he turned); see פנה.]

פַּנְתֵּיאוֹן m.n. FW pantheon. [L. Pantheon, from Gk. pantheion (= temple consecrated to all gods, esp. denoting the Pantheon at Rome), properly neuter of pantheios (= of all gods), which is compounded of pan- (see פַּן◌) and theios (= of, or sacred to, a god), from theos (= god). See תֵּיאִיזְם.]

פַּנְתֵּיאִיזְם m.n. NH pantheism. [Fren. panthéisme (lit.: ‘the doctrine that all is God’). See פַּנֽתֵּיאִיסְט and cp. first element in מוֹנוֹתֵּיאִיזְם and פּוֹלִיתֵּיאִיזְם.]

פַּנְתֵּיאִיסְט m.n. FW pantheist. [Coined by the Irish deist John Toland in 1705. cp. Gk. pantheios (= common to all gods). See פַּנְתֵּיאוֹן and suff. ◌ִיסְט. cp. also the second element in מוֹנוֹתֵּיאִיסְט and in פּוֹלִיתֵּיאִיסְט.]

פַּנְתֵּיאִיסְטִי adj. FW pantheistic. [See פַּנְתֵּיאִיזְם and the suffixes ◌ִיסְט and ◌ִי.]

פַּנְתֵּר, פַּנְטֵר m.n. PBH panther. [Gk. panther, a word of Indian origin. cp. Old I. puṇḍárīkam (= tiger), which means perhaps lit. ‘the yellowish (animal)’, and is related to pāṇḍaraḥ (= whitish yellow).]

פַּס ᴵ m.n. occurring only in the phrase כּֽתֹנֶת פַּסִּים (Gen. 37:3, 23 and 32; Sam. II 13:18 and 19), which prob. means ‘tunic composed of variegated stripes’. [According to most commentators, however, כְּתֹנֶת פַּסִּים means ‘tunic reaching to the palms and the soles’. cp. Eng. talar (= a robe reaching down to the ankles), from L. tālāris (= reaching to the ankle), from tālus (= ankle). In either case פַּס ᴵ is ult. identical with פַּס ᴵᴵ. See פַּס ᴵᴵ for sense development.]

פַּס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 stripe, strip. 2 board, partition. [Related to BAram. פַּס in פַּס־יְדָא, פַּסָּא דִי־יְדָא (= palm of the hand), JAram. פִּסְתָא, Syr. פַּסְתָא (= palm of the hand; sole of the foot), and to Phoen. פס (= tablet). All these words derive from פסס ᴵᴵ (= to be broad, spread). cp. פַּס ᴵ. cp. also פִּסָּה ᴵᴵ and אֹפֶס.] Derivatives: פָּסִיס, פְּסִיסִית.

פְּסֶבְדוֹ◌ see פְּסֵידוֹ◌.

פסג ᴵ a base prob. meaning ‘to split’, ‘to go through’, whence ‘to wander’.
    — Pi. - פִּסֵּג he went through, wandered (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, ocurring Ps. 48:14). [cp. Akka. pasāku (= to cut through; prob. also ‘to wander’). Prob. related to פשׂק.]

פסג ᴵᴵ to divide, branch off, cut off branches, sever.
    — Pi. - פִּסֵּג he divided, branched off, cut off branches.
    — Pu. - פֻּסַּג was divided, was branched off, was cut off (said of a branch).
    — Niph. - נִפֽסַג (of s.m.). Derivatives: פִּסְגָּה ᴵᴵ, פִּסּוּג, פֽסִיג, פְּסִיגָה.

פִּסְגָּה ᴵ f.n. 1 mount Pisgah in Moab (the lit. meaning of this name is prob. ‘cleft’). NH 2 top, peak. NH 3 summit. [Prob. derived from פסג ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּסְגָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH branch, bough. [Formed from פסג ᴵᴵ.]

פסד to be spoiled, to suffer loss, suffer damage.
    — Qal - פָּסַד was spoiled.
    — Niph. - נִפְסַד he suffered loss; 2 MH was spoiled.
    — Hiph. - הִפְסִיד 1 he suffered loss, suffered damage; 2 he caused loss, caused damage.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְסַד he suffered loss, was damaged. [Aram. פּֽסַד (= was spoiled), Arab. fasada (= was spoiled, was rotten, was decayed).] Derivatives: פָּסֵד, הֶפֽסֵד, הַפְסָדָה, מֻפְסָד, נִפְסָד.

פָּסֵד adj. PBH spoiled, ruined. [From פסד.]

פְּסֵדָה f.n. MH loss, damage, injury, harm. [Aram. פְּסֵדָא (of s.m.), from פְּסַד. See פסד.]

פסה to spread.
    — Qal - פָּסָה it spread. [A secondary form of פשׂה.] Derivative: פִּסְיוֹן.

פִּסָּה ᴵ f.n. plenty, abundance (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 72:16). [Of uncertain origin; perhaps from base פסס ᴵᴵ (= to spread). For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּסָּה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH 1 stripe, strip, edge. MH 2 piece. [A secondary form of פַּס ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּסּוּג m.n. MH dividing, branching off, cutting off branches. [Verbal n. of פִּסֵּג, Pi. of פסג ᴵᴵ.]

פָּסוּל adj. PBH defective, disqualified, unfit. [Pass. part. of פָּסַל. See פסל ᴵᴵ.] Derivative: פּֽסִילוּת.

פִּסּוּל ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 carving, sculpturing. 2 cutting of dry branches. [Verbal n. of פִּסֵּל, Pi. of פסל ᴵ.]

פִּסּוּל ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 defect, blemish, flaw. NH 2 disqualifying, disqualification. [Verbal n. of פִּסֵּל, Pi. of פסל ᴵᴵ.]

פְּסוּל m.n. PBH defect, blemish, flaw, disqualification. [From פסל ᴵᴵ.]

פָּסוּק ᴵ adj. PBH 1 cut off. 2 decided, determined. [Pass. part. of פָּסַק. See פסק.]

פָּסוּק ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH 1 Biblical verse. NH 2 sentence. PBH 3 Scriptures, Bible. NH 4 abscissa (mathematics). [Lit.: ‘something cut off’; subst. use of the pass. part. of פָּסַק. cp. Aram. פְּסוּקָא (= Biblical verse).]

פִּסּוּק m.n. PBH 1 cutting off. PBH 2 separation, interruption. NH 3 spacing. NH 4 punctuation. [Verbal n. of פִּסֵּק, Pi. of פסק.]

פְּסוּקִית f.n. NH clause, part of a sentence. [Formed from פָּסוּק (n.) with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

פַּסָּז׳ m.n. FW passage. [Fren. passage, from passer (= to pass), from Vulgate L. passāre, from L. passus (= step, pace).]

פסח ᴵ to limp, be lame, to spring or pass over.
    — Qal - פָּסַח intr. v. 1 was lame, limped; 2 he passed over, skipped over; NH 3 he hesitated, wavered, vacillated.
    — Niph. - נִפֽסַח he became lame.
    — Pi. - פִּסַּח he limped around.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּסַּח he became lame. [Related to Akka. pissū (= lame), possibly also to Arab. fasaḫa (= he dislocated, disjointed).] Derivatives: פֶּסַח, פִּסֵּחַ, פַּסְחָן, פּֽסִיחָה.

פסח ᴵᴵ to celebrate the Passover.
    — Qal - פָּסַח he celebrated the Passover. [Denominated from פֶּסַח. cp. Aram. פְּסַח (= he celebrated the Passover), denominated from פִּסְחָא (q.v.); Syr. פְּצַח, denominated from פֶּצְחָא; Arab. afṣaḥa, denominated from fiṣḥ, faṣḥ (= he celebrated the Passover, he celebrated Easter).]

פֶּֽסַח m.n. 1 Passover festival. 2 the Passover sacrifice. [Lit.: ‘the Feast of Passing Over’, or ‘the Feast of Sparing’, from פָּסַח (= he passed over), whence also Eng. Passover. cp. פִּסְחָא, פַּסְחָא.]

פִּסֵּֽחַ adj. lame. [Denominated from פָּסַח (= he limped); see פסח ᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּסְחוּת, פִּסָּחוֹן.

פִּסְחָא m.n. PBH Passover. [Aram., whence Syr. פֶּצְחָא, from Heb. פָּסַח. Whence also Gk. pascha, Late L. pascha, Fren. pasche, pasque (= Easter), pâque (= Passover, Easter). Gk. pascha was reborrowed into Syr. פַּסֽכָא. cp. פַּסֽחָא.]

פַּסְחָא m.n. NH Easter. [Aram., a collateral form of פִּסְחָא.]

פִּסָּחוֹן m.n. NH lameness. [Formed from פִּסֵּחַ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פִּסְחוּת f.n. NH lameness. [Formed from פִּסֵּחַ (= lame), with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּסְחָן m.n. NH waverer, vacillator. [Formed from פָּסַח (= he wavered, vacillated), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּסֽחָנוּת.

פַּסְחָנוּת f.n. NH wavering, vacillation. [Formed from פַּסֽחָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּסָּט m.n. FW trade wind. [Ger. Passat (= wind), from Dutch passaat (= wind), from Sp. pasado, which is prob. shortened from viento de pasada. Pasada (= passage) derives from pasar (= to pass), from Vulgate L. passāre, from L. passus (= step, pace; lit.: ‘a stretching out of the leg’), from passus, p. part. of pandere (= to stretch out). See פָּטֶנְט.]

פִּסְטוּר m.n. NH pasteurizing. [Verbal n. of פִּסְטֵר. See פסטר.]

פַּסְטוֹרָלָה f.n. FW pastorale. [It. pastoral, adj. used as a noun, from L. pāstōrālis (= pertaining to shepherds), from pastor (= shepherd).]

פֶסְטִיבָל m.n. FW festival. [Fren. festival, from Med. L. fēstīvālis (= festival), from L. fēstīvus (= festive, joyous, gay), from fēstum, (= holiday, festival), which is related to L. fēriae (= holidays, festivals), fānum (= a consecrated place). See פָנָטִי.]

פַּסְטֶל m.n. FW pastel, [Fren. pastel, from It. pastello, from Late L. pastellus (= woad), dimin. formed from Late L. pasta (= paste). See ‘paste’ in my CEDEL.]

פסטר to pasteurize.
    — Pi. - פִּסֽטֵר he pasteurized.
    — Pu. - פֻּסְטַר was pasteurized. [Formed from the name of the French chemist Louis Pasteur (1822–95).] Derivatives: מְפֻסְטָר, מְפֻסְטֶרֶת.

פַּסִּיב m.n. FW passive (in bookkeeping), liabilities. [From L . passīvus (= capable of suffering), from passus, p. part. of patī (= to suffer), from base * pē–, * pě– (= to damage, injure, hurt).]

פַּסִּיבִי adj. FW passive. [Formed from L. passīvus (see פַּסִּיב) with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פַּסִּיבִיּוּת.

פַּסִּיבִיּוּת f.n. FW passivity, passivism. [Formed from פַּסִּיבִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּסִיג m.n. NH cotyledon (botany). [From פסג ᴵᴵ. cp. פּֽסִיגָה.] Derivative: פּֽסִיגִי.

פְּסִיגָה f.n. PBH branch, sprig. [From פסג ᴵᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. פּֽסִיג.]

פְּסִיגִי adj. NH cotyledonal. [Formed from פּֽסִיג with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסֵידוֹ◌ FW pseudo- (combining form). [Gk. pseudo, from pseudas (= lie, falsehood), from pseudein (= to cheat by lies).]

פְּסֵידוֹנִים m.n. FW pseudonym. [Fren. pseudonyme, from Gk. pseudonymon, neuter of pseudonymos (= under a false name), which is compounded of pseudo (see פְּסֵידוֹ◌, and onoma (= name). See נוֹמִינָלִי.]

פִּסְיוֹן m.n. PBH spreading (esp. of leprosy), expansion, extension. [Formed from פסה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns. cp. פִּשְׂיוֹן.]

פַּסְיוֹן m.n. PBH pheasant. [L. phasiānus, from Gk. phasianos (lit.: ‘the Phasian bird’), from the ‘Phasis’, a river in Colchis. See ‘pheasant’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּסִיחָה a skipping over. [Verbal n. of פָּסַח (= he skipped over). See פסח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּסִיכֶדֶלִי see פְּסִיכוֹדֶלִי.

פְּסִיכוֹ◌ FW psycho (combining form). [Gk. psycho, from psyche (= breath, life, spirit, soul, mind), from psychein (= to breathe, blow; to make cold), which is cogn. with Old I. bhas– (of s.m.). cp. פְּסִיכִי, פְּסַכֽתֵּר and the first element in פּֽסִיכֽרוֹמֶטֶר. For the sense development of Gk. psyche cp. נֶפֶשׁ.]

פְּטִיכוֹאֲנָלִיזָה f.n. FW psychoanalysis. [Compounded of פְּסִיכוֹ◌ and אֲנָלִיזָה (q.v.).]

פְּסִיכוֹאֲנָלִיטִי adj. psychoanalytic(al). [Compounded of פְּסִיכוֹ◌ and אֲנָלִיטִי (q.v.).]

פְּסִיכוֹדֶלִי, פְּסִיכֶדֶלִי adj. FW psychedelic. [Compounded of Gk. psyche (see פְּסִיכוֹ◌) and delos (= visible, clear), which is contracted from deielos and is related to deato (= seemed), and cogn. with Old I. dī́dēti (= shines). See ‘deity’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּסִיכוֹזָה f.n. FW psychosis. [Modern L. psȳchōsis, from Gk. psychosis (= a giving of life, animation), from psyche (see פְּסִיכוֹ◌). For the ending - osis see suff. ‘–osis’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּסִיכוֹלוֹג m.n. FW psychologist. [Back formation from פּֽסִיכוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

פְּסִיכוֹלוֹגִי adj. FW psychological. [Back formation from פּֽסִיכוֹלוֹגֽיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסִיכוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW psychology. [Modern L. psychologia, prob. coined by Melanchthon (and first used by him as title of a prelection) from psyche (= soul, see פְּסִיכוֹ), and - logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

פְּסִיכוֹלוֹגִיזְם m.n. FW psychologism. [See פְּסִיכוֹלוֹגְיָה and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פְּסִיֹכוֹמוֹטוֹרִי adj. FW psychomotor. [A hybrid coined from Gk. psyche (see פְּסִיכוֹ◌) and L. mōtor (= mover; see מוֹטוֹר). For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסִיכוֹסוֹמָטִי adj. FW psychomatic. [Compounded of Gk. psyche (see פְּסִיכוֹ◌) and soma, genitive somatos (= body), which prob. stands for * twō-mn and lit. means ‘something thickest’, properly ‘a full or thickest body’, from IE base * tu- (= to swell). For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסִיכוֹפָּת m.n. FW psychopath. [Back formation from פּֽסִיכוֹפַּתֽיָה.]

פְּסִיכוֹפָּתוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW psychopathology. [Compounded of פְּסִיכוֹ◌ and פָּתוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

פְּסִיכוֹפַּתְיָה f.n. FW psychopathy. [Compounded of פְּסִיכוֹ◌, Gk. pathos (= suffering), and suff. ◌יָה.]

פְּסִיכוֹתֶּרַפְּיָה f.n. FW psychotherapy. [Compounded of פְּסִיכוֹ◌ and תֶּרַפְּיָח.]

פְּסִיכִי adj. FW psychic. [Gk. psychikos (= of life, of the soul, spiritual), from psyche (see פְּסִיכוֹ◌) and suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסִיכִיאַטְרִי adj. FW psychiatric. [Back formation from פְּסִיכִיאַטְרִיָּה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסִיכִיאַטְרִיָּה f.n. FW psychiatry. [Medical L. psychiatria (lit.: ‘a healing of the soul’), from Gk. psyche (see פְּסִיכוֹ◌) and iatreia (= a healing), which derives from iatros (= physician), from iasthai (= to heal), which is related to iainein (= to refresh, invigorate), from IE base * ies- (= to set in quick motion), whence also Gk. ieros (= holy, sacred; orig.: ‘filled with divine force’). See הִיֶּרוֹגְלִיפִים.]

פְּסִיכְרוֹמֶטֶר m.n. FW psychrometer. [Compounded of Gk. psychros (= cold) and metron (= measure). The first element derives from psychos (see פְּסִיכוֹ◌). For the second element see מֶטֶר.]

פְּסִיל m.n. NH carved image, idol (in the Bible it occurs only in the pl., the corresponding sing. being פֶּסֶל).

פְּסִילֶה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 chisel. MH 2 hewing, chiseling. [From פסל ᴵ. Formally, verbal n. of פסל. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּסִילָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH disqualifying, disqualification. [Verbal n. of פָּסַל. See פסל ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּסִילוּת f.n. MH being disqualified, disqualification. [Formed from פָּסוּל with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּסִילִים m.n. pl. carved images, idols. [See פְּסִיל and פֶּסֶל.]

פֶּסִּימִי adj. FW pessimistic. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from L. pessimus (= worst), which stands for * ped-s-mos and is related to pējor (= worse), and to pessum (= downward, to the ground), and cogn. with Old I. pádyate (= falls), from the same base as L. pēs–, gen. pedis (= foot). See פֵּדָר.] Derivative: פֶּסִּימִיּוּת.

פֶּסִּימִיּוּת f.n. FW pessimism. [Formed from פֶּסִּימִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֶּסִּימִיזְם m.n. FW pessimism. [See פֶּסִּימִי and suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פֶּסִּימִיסְט m.n. pessimist. [See פֶּסִּימִי and suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

פָּסִיס m.n. NH end beam. [From פַּס ᴵᴵ. cp. פּֽסִיסִית.]

פְּסִיסִית f.n. PBH board, plank. [From פַּס ᴵᴵ. For the ending see suff. ◌ִית.]

פְּסִיעָה f.n. PBH step, pace. [Verbal n. of פָּסַע. See פסע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּסֵיפָס m.n. PBH 1 cut and polished stone, mosaic. 2 cube, die. 3 check (in garment), stripe. [Gk. psephos (= small stone, pebble, used in counting or voting), related to psammos (= sand), and cogn. with L. sabulum (= sand), Old Eng. sand, etc. (= sand). cp. מֽפֻסְפָּס and the second element in פָּלִימְפְּסֶסֽט.] Derivatives: פספס ᴵᴵᴵ, פְּסֵיפָסִי.

פְּסֵיפָסִי adj. NH mosaic (adj.). [Formed from פְּסֵיפָס with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסִיק m.n. NH comma. [From פסק (lit.: ‘something cut off’), properly loan translation of Gk. komma (= a piece cut off; a short clause), from koptein (= to cut off).] Derivative: פְּסִיקוֹן.

פְּסִיקָה f.n. PBH 1 cutting off, separation. PBH 2 separated thread (from reel). NH 3 part, section. MH 4 allocation, grant. NH 5 passing sentence. [Verbal n. of פָּסַק. See פסק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּסִיקוֹן m.n. NH comma bacillus (bacteriology). [Formed from פְּסִיק with suff. ◌וֹן; so called after its shape suggestive of a comma.]

פְּסִיקְיָה f.n. PBH girdle, band. [L. fascia (= band, fillet, bundle), from facis (= bundle). See ‘bast’ in my CEDEL, and cp. ‘basket’ ibid.]

פְּסִיקְתָּא ᴵ f.n. PBH ‘Pesikta’ — name of several midrashim on the Pentateuch. [Lit.: ‘division, section’; from פסק.]

פְּסִיקְתָּא ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH allocation, grant. [From פסק. See פְּסִיקָה sense 4.]

פְּסִיקְתָּה f.n. NH précis of a verdict, given by court. [From פסק, according to Aram. פְּסִיקְתָּא.]

פְּסַכְתֵּר m.n. PBH a large pot. [Gk. psykter (= wine cooler), from psychein (= to breathe, blow; to make cold). See פְּסִיכוֹ◌.]

פסל ᴵ to hew, hew out, carve.
    — Qal - פָּסַל v. he hewed, hewed out, carved.
    — Niph. - נִפְסַל was hewn, was hewn out, was carved, was sculptured.
    — Pi. - פִּסֵּל 1 he carved, sculptured; 2 he cut dry twigs.
    — Pu. - פֻּסַּל was carved, was sculptured. [Aram.–Syr. פּֽסַל (= he hewed, hewed out, carved), Ugar. psl, Nab. פסלא (= stonecutter), Egypt.–Aram. פסילה, פסלה (= ashlar). cp. פסל ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פַּסָּל, פֶּסֶל, פְּסִיל, פִּסּוּל ᴵ, פְּסֹלֶת, מְפֻסָּל, מַפְסֶלֶת.

פסל ᴵᴵ to disqualify, declare unfit.
    — Qal - פָּסַל v. 1 he disqualified, declared unfit; 2 he canceled, annulled.
    — Niph. - נִפְסַל was disqualified, was declared unfit.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽסִיל he found fault, declared unfit. [Aram. פְּסַל (= he disqualified, declared unfit), Arab. fasala (= was ignoble, was valueless). According to several scholars פסל ᴵᴵ represents a special sense development of פסל ᴵ (as if פסל ᴵᴵ would have meant orig. ‘was cut away’, whence arose the meaning ‘was considered useless’). They refer to the sense development of פּֽסֹלֶת (= chips, stone dust), whence ‘worthless matter’. However, according to others פסל ᴵ and פסל ᴵᴵ are two different bases.] Derivatives: פַּסְלוּת, פַּסֽלָן, פַּסְלָנוּת, פָּסוּל, פִּסּוּל ᴵᴵ, פְּסוּל, פּֽסִילָה ᴵᴵ, הִפָּסְלוּת.

פַּסָּל m.n. NH sculptor. [Nomen opificis formed from פסל ᴵ.] Derivative: פַּסָּלוּת.

פֶּֽסֶל m.n. (pl. פְּסָלִים, in the Bible פְּסִילִים) carved image, idol. [From פסל ᴵ.] Derivative: פִּסֽלוֹן.

פִּסְלוֹן m.n. NH statuette. [Formed from פֶּסֶל with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פַּסָּלוּת f.n. NH the art of sculpture, sculpture. [Formed from פַּסָּל with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּסְלוּת f.n. PBH being disqualified, disqualification, unfitness. [Formed from פסל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּסְלָן m.n. NH disqualifier. [Formed from פסל ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּסְלָנִי.

פַּסְלָנוּת f.n. MH disqualifying, disqualification. [Formed from פסל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

פַּסְלָנִי adj. NH disqualifying. [Formed from פַּסֽלָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסֹֽלֶת f.n. PBH 1 chips, stone dust. 2 worthless matter, refuse, waste. [Formed from פסל ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ֶת.]

פְּסַנְתֵּר m.n. NH (also spelled פְּסַנֽטֵר) piano. [Back formation from BAram. פְּסַנֽתֵּרִין or פְּסַנְטֵרִין (= a musical instrument), which was misconceived as a pl. (cp. קַלְמָר). BAram. פּֽסַנֽטֵרִין is borrowed from Gk. psalterion (= stringed instrument, psaltery, harp), from psallein (= to pluck, twitch the harp), which is cogn. with L. palpāre (= to touch softly, stroke), palpitāre (= to move quickly), palpebra (= eyelid). See ‘feel’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to.] Derivatives: פְּסַנֽתְּרָן, פּֽסַנֽתּֽרָנוּת.

פְּסַנְתְּרָן m.n. NH pianist. [Formed from פּֽסַנְתֵּר with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פְּסַנְתְּרָנוּת f.n. NH piano playing. [Formed from פּֽסַנֽתֵּר with suff. ◌ָנוּת.]

פסס ᴵ to end, cease, disappear.
    — Qal - פַּס intr. v. he ended, ceased, disappeared (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 12:2 in the form פַּסּוּ). [Related to אפס. cp. Akka. pasāsu (= to blot out, destroy).]

פסס ᴵᴵ to be broad, spread; to tear apart; to strip.
    — Qal - פָּסַס he tore, stripped, separated.
    — Pilp. - פִּסְפֵּס (see פספס ᴵ). [Base of פַּס ᴵᴵ, פִּסָּה ᴵᴵ, possibly also of פִּסָּה ᴵ (q.v.). cp. Arab. faṣṣa (= he separated).]

פסע to step, walk, tread.
    — Qal - פָּסַע he stepped, walked, trod.
    — Pi. - פִּסַּע (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִפְסִיעַ (of s.m.). [PBH spelling of Biblical Heb. פשׂע (q.v.). cp. the related base פסח ᴵ.] Derivatives: פֶּסַע, פּֽסִיעָה, מִפֽסָע, מִפֽסָעָה.

פֶּֽסַע m.n. MH step. [A later spelling for Biblical Heb. פֶּשַׂע (q.v.).]

פִּסְפּוּס m.n. MH separation, crumbing, parting (of the hair). [Verbal n. of פּספּס ᴵ.]

פַּסְפּוֹרְט m.n. FW passport. [Fren. passeport, orig. meaning ‘permission to pass through a port’, from passe, imper. of passer (= to pass), and port (= port, harbor). See ‘pass’ (v.) and ‘port’ (harbor) in my CEDEL.]

פספס ᴵ to crumb, separate, to part.
    — Pilp. - פִּסֽפֵּס 1 he crumbed, separated; 2 he parted (his hair). [Pilp. of פסס ᴵᴵ. For other Pilpel verbs formed from ע״ע verbs cp. בִּזְבֵּז and words there referred to.] Derivative: פִּסְפּוּס.

פספס ᴵᴵ to sign.
    — Pilp. - פִּסְפֵּס he signed. [Metathesized from ספסף.]

פספס ᴵᴵᴵ to make something in mosaic form.
    — Pilp. - פִּסְפֵּס he made in mosaic form.
    — Pulp. - פֻּסְפַּס was made in mosaic form. [Denominated from פְּסֵיפָס.]

פסק to divide, split.
    — Qal - פָּסַק 1 he divided, split; 2 he allocated, apportioned, assigned; 3 he provided, fixed; 4 he settled; 5 he decided; 6 he recited; 7 he stopped, ceased.
    — Niph. - נִפֽסַק 1 was split, was cut off; 2 stopped, ceased; 3 was decided.
    — Pi. - פִּסֵּק 1 he punctuated; 2 he spaced out (in printing).
    — Pu. - פֻּסַּק 1 was punctuated; 2 was spaced out (in printing).
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּסֵּק 1 was cut off, was split, was severed; 2 was decided.
    — Hiph. - הִפְסִיק 1 he separated; 2 he interrupted; 3 it formed a partition; 4 he fixed.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְסַק PBH 1 was cut off; was separated; 2 was interrupted; NH 3 was discontinued. [Aram.–Syr. פּֽסַק (= he cut, severed, cleft). The orig. meaning of this base was ‘to part, open wide’. It is related to Biblical Heb. פשׂק (q.v.).] Derivatives: פֶּסֶק, פָּסֵק, פְּסָק, פִּסְקָה, פַּסְקָן, פּֽסֹקֶת, פּוֹסֵק, פָּסוּק, הֶפֽסֵק ᴵᴵ, הַפֽסָקָה, הִפָּסֽקוּת, פְּסִיק, פְּסִיקָה, פְּסִיקְתָּא ᴵ, פּֽסִיקְתָּא ᴵᴵ, פְּסִיקֽתָּא, מַפְסִיק, מַפְסֵק, מִפְסָק, מֻפְסָק, מְפֻסָּק.

פֶּֽסֶק m.n. PBH 1 space. PBH 2 interruption. NH 3 disconnection (electricity). [From פסק.]

פָּסֵק m.n. MH (pl. פּֽסֵקִים) a dividing line. [Lit.: ‘that which separates’. From פסק.]

פְּסָק m.n. MH (also פְּסַק־דִין) judgment, sentence, verdict. [From Aram. פִּסֽקָא (of s.m.), from פְּסַק (= he decided). See פסק. For sense development cp. L. dēcīdere (= to decide, determine, settle; lit.: ‘to cut off’.]

פִּסְקָה f.n. (pl. פּֽסָקוֹת, also פִּסֽקָאוֹת) PBH 1 paragraph. NH 2 clause. [Aram. פִּסֽקָא (= space; section, paragraph), from פְּסַק (= he cut). See פסק.]

פַּסְקְוִיל m.n. FW pasquil. [It. pasquillo, dimin. of pasquino, from Pasquino, name of a mutilated statue set up by Cardinal Caraffa in Rome in 1501. The statue was named after a schoolmaster called Pasquino, who lived near-by. (Now we know that the statue in question is a representation of Menelaus dragging the body of the dead Patroclus.) It became customary to post satirical verses and lampoons on this statue, whence It. pasquino (= pasquinade).]

פַּסְקוֹל m.n. NH sound track. [Compounded of from פַּס (= strip), and קוֹל (= sound).]

פַּסְקָן m.n. MH a person authorized to pass sentence in a halakhic matter. [Formed from פסק with agential suff. ◌ָן. For sense development see פּֽסָק.] Derivatives: פַּסֽקָנוּת, פַּסְקָנִי.

פַּסְקָנוּת f.n. NH decisiveness. [Formed from פַּסְקָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֵּסְקָנִי adj. NH decisive, definite. [Formed from פַּסְקָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּסֹֽקֶת f.n. NH parting (of the hair). [Formed from פסק with suff. ◌ֶת.]

פִּסְתָּק m.n. PBH pistachio. [Aram. פִּיסְתְּקָא, פִּיסְטֽקָא, from Gk. pistakion (= pistachio nut), from pistake (= pistachio tree), from Pers. pistah (= pistachio nut).]

פעה to groan.
    — Qal - פָּעָה 1 he groaned (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 42:12 in the form אֶפְעֶה); PBH 2 it bleated.
    — Pi. - פִּעָה it bleated. [Aram.–Syr. פּֽעָא (= he groaned, it bleated), Arab. bahā(y) (= it bleated). Like געה (= to bellow, to low), prob. of imitative origin.] Derivatives: פְּעִי, פְּעִיָּה. cp. אֶפֽעֶה.

פָּעוֹט m.n. (pl. פָּעוֹטוֹת) PBH 1 a child of seven or eight years. NH 2 a young child, baby. [Prob. related to מעט (= to be small).] Derivatives: פעט, פָּעוֹטוֹן.

פָּעוּט adj. MH small, tiny; petty. [From פעט.] Derivatives: פְּעוּטוֹן, פּֽעוּטוּת, פּֽעִיטוּת.

פָּעוֹטוֹן m.n. NH baby home, crêche. [Formed from פָּעוֹט with local suff. ◌וֹן.]

פְּעוּטוֹן adj. NH tiny. [Formed from פָּעוּט with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פְּעוּטוּת f.n. pl. MH 1 the age of a פָּעוֹט. 2 smallness, tininess; pettiness. [Formed from פָּעוּט with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּעוּל adj. MH 1 anything created, creature. NH 2 passive, accusative. [Pass. part. of פָּעַל. See פעל.]

פָּעוּר adj. NH wide open. [Pass. part. of פָּעַר. See פער.]

פִּעוּר m.n. PBH 1 uncovering oneself to ease nature. NH 2 opening wide. [Verbal n. of פִּעֵר, Pi. of פער.]

פעט to decrease, diminish.
    — Niph. - נִפְעַט became small, decreased, was diminished.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּעֵט (of s.m.). [Denominated from פָּעוֹט.]

פְּעִי m.n. NH 1 groaning. 2 bleating. [From פעה. cp. פּֽעִיָּה.]

פְּעִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 groaning. NH 2 bleating. [Verbal n. of פָּעָה. See פעה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּעִיטוּת f.n. NH 1 smallness, tininess. 2 pettiness. [Formed from פָּעוּט with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּעִיל adj. NH active. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from פָּעַל (= he worked).] Derivative: פְּעִילוּת.

פְּעִילוּת f.n. NH activity. [Formed from פָּעִיל with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּעִים adj. NH pip. [Lit.: ‘beat’. From פָּעַם. See פעם and cp. פּֽעִימָה.]

פְּעִימָה f.n. NH beating (esp. of the heart), pulsation, throbbing. [Verbal n. of פָּעַם. See פעם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּעִירָה f.n. PBH 1 uncovering oneself to ease nature. NH 2 opening wide. [Verbal n. of פָּעַר. See פער and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פעל to do, make, work.
    — Qal - פָּעַל v. 1 he did, made, worked; 2 he accomplished; 3 he influenced, prevailed upon.
    — Niph. - נִפֽעַל 1 was done, was made; 2 was accomplished.
    — Pi. - פִּעֵל he influenced, prevailed upon.
    — Pu. - פֻּעַל was influenced, was prevailed upon.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּעֵל 1 was done, was made; 2 was impressed, was inspired; 3 became a verb.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽעִיל 1 he induced someone to act; 2 he activated; 3 he formed a verb (from a noun), he set in motion.
    — Hoph. - הָפְעַל MH 1 was induced to act; MH 2 was activated; NH 3 was set in motion. [Phoen. פעל, OAram. פעל (of s.m.), Aram.–Syr. פְּעַל (= he worked, labored), Syr. פָּעְלָא (= workman), Arab. fa‘ala (= he did, made, worked), Tigre fa‘alā (= he wove).] Derivatives: פָּעַל, פֹּעַל, פִּעֵל, פֻּעַל, פְּעֻלָּה, פַּעֲלוּל, פְּעַלְתָּן, פּוֹעֵל, פָּעוּל, פָּעִיל, הִפְעִיל, הָפְעַל, הַפְעָלָה, הִפָּעֲלוּת, הִתְפַּעֲלוּת, מִפְעָל, מֻפְעָל, נִפְעָל, נִפְעַל, נִפְעֵל, שַׁפְעֵל, שִׁפְעֵל, שׁפעל.

פֹּֽעַל m.n. 1 deed, action. 2 reward, wage. MH 3 verb. [From פעל.] Derivative: פָּעֳלִי.

פָּעַל m.n. MH ‘Pa‘al’ (Heb. grammar) — the simple conjugation of the verb; also called קַל (q.v.). [Properly the simple conjugation of the verb פָּעַל (= he did, made, worked). See פעל.]

פִּעֵל m.n. MH ‘Pi‘el’ (Heb. grammar) — the intensive conjugation of Heb. verbs. [Properly, the third sing. m. form of the intensive conjugation of the verb פָּעַל. Introduced as a term of Heb. grammar by grammarian Dunash ben Labrat (920–990). cp. קַל (in its grammatical sense) and words there referred to.]

פֻּעַל m.n. MH ‘Pu‘al’ (Heb. grammar) – the passive conjugation of Heb. verbs. [Properly, the third sing. m. form of the passive of the intensive conjugation of the verb פָּעַל. Introduced as a term of Heb. grammar by the grammarian Dunash ben Labrat (920–990). cp. קַל (in its grammatical sense) and words there referred to.]

פְּעֻלָּה f.n. 1 work, deed, action. 2 reward, wages. NH 3 influence, effect. NH 4 operation functioning. [Formed from פעל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּעֲלוּל effect. [Formed from פעל through reduplication of the third radical.]

פָּעֳלִי adj. MH verbal. [Formed from פֹּעַל with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּעַלְתָּן m.n. NH an active person. [Formed from פעל with suff. ◌תָּן.] Derivatives: פְּעַלְתָּנוּת, פְּעַלְתָּנִי.

פְּעַלְתָּנוּת f.n. NH activity. [Formed from פּֽעַלְתָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּעַלְתָּנִי adj. NH active. [Formed from פְּעַלְתָּן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פעם to strike, beat; whence ‘to thrust, impel, move’.
    — Qal - פָּעַם he struck, beat, thrust, impelled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 13:25 with first suff. לְפַעֲמוֹ, ‘to impel him’).
    — Niph. - נִפְעַם was disturbed, was troubled, was moved.
    — Pi. - פִּעֵם he beat, perturbed.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּעֵם was agitated, was disturbed, was troubled, was moved (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Dan. 2:1 in the form וַתִּתְפָּעֶם).
    — Hiph. - הִפְעִים he caused (the heart) to beat, excited.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְעַם was excited. [A base occurring only in Heb., Phoen. פעם Ugar. p‘n (= foot); base of פַּעַם and פַּעֲמוֹן.] Derivatives: פְּעִימָה, מִפְעָם.

פַּֽעַם f.n. (pl. פְּעָמִים, dual פַּעֲמַים) 1 step, tread, pace (lit.: ‘beat of the foot’). 2 foot. 3 anvil (lit.: ‘that which is struck by the hammer’). 4 occurrence, time (orig.: ‘stroke’). [From פעם. cp. the second element in חַדְפַּעֲמִי.]

פַּעֲמָה f.n. 1 foot of a vessel. PBH 2 step, tread, pace. NH 3 beat (music). [A secondary form of פַּעַם.]

פַּעֲמוֹן m.n. 1 bell. NH 2 gong. [From פעם.] Derivatives: פַּעֲמוֹנָה, פַּעֲמוֹנִי, פַּעֲמוֹנִית, פַּעֲמוֹנָר.

פַּעֲמוֹנָה f.n. NH Campanella (music). [Formed from פַּעֲמוֹן with first suff. ◌ָה as a loan translation of campanella, which is a dimin. of Late L. campāna (= a bell; lit.: ‘a metal vessel made in Campania’). cp. פַּעֲמוֹנִית.]

פַּעֲמוֹנִיָּה f.n. NH glockenspiel. [Formed from פַּעֲמוֹן with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פַּעֲמוֹנִית f.n. NH Campanula (a genus of plants). [Formed from פַּעֲמוֹן with suff. ◌ִית as a loan translation of the scientific name Campanula, which is a dimin. of Late L. campāna (= a bell). See פַּעֲמוֹנָה.]

פַּעֲמוֹנָר m.n. NH bell ringer (in a church). [Formed from פַּעֲמוֹן with suff. ◌ָר.]

פִּיעְנֽוּחַ m.n. MH discovering, deciphering, decoding. [Verbal n. of פִּעְנַח. See פענח.]

פענח to decipher, decode.
    — Pi. - פִּעְנַח he discovered, deciphered, decoded.
    — Pu. - פֻּעְנַח was discovered, was deciphered, was decoded.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּעְנַח (of s.m.). [Denominated from פַּעְנֵחַ in צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ (Gen. 41:45), ‘Zaphenath Paneah’. Zaphenath Paneah, the Egyptian name of Joseph, was supposed to mean ‘the discoverer of the hidden things’. According to the Egyptologists Zaphenath means ‘foodman’, and Paneah ‘of the life’.] Derivatives: פִּעְנוּחַ, הִתְפַּעַנְחוּת, מְפֻעְנָח.

פִּעְפּֽוּעַ m.n. MH 1 bubbling. NH 2 piercing, penetrating. [Verbal n. of פִּעְפַּע. See פעפע.]

פַּעְפּֽוּעַ m.n. PBH a kind of cress. [Of uncertain origin. Perhaps derived from פעפע and lit. meaning ‘that plant that pierces the ground’.]

פעפע to bubble; to pierce, penetrate.
    — Pilp. - פִּעְפַּע 1 it bubbled; 2 it pierced, penetrated; 3 it split, broke through, crushed. [From Aram. פַּעְפַּע, which is related to Heb. בִּצֽבֵּץ (q.v.). cp. בעבע.] Derivatives: פִּעְפּוּעַ, מְפַעְפֵּעַ.

פער to open wide the mouth, gape.
    — Qal - פָּעַר v. 1 he opened wide, gaped; 2 he uncovered himself (to evacuate).
    — Niph. - נִפֽעַר was opened wide.
    — Pi. - פִּעֵר he uncovered himself (to evacuate).
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּעֵר was opened wide.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽעִיר he opened wide. [JAram. פְּעַר (= he uncovered himself, evacuated), Syr. פְּעַר (= he opened wide, gaped), Arab. faghara (of s.m.), prob. also Ugar. p‘r (= he called).] Derivatives: פַּעַר, פָּעוּר, פִּעוּר, פּֽעִירָה, הִפָּעֲרוּת, פַּעֲרוּר.

פַּֽעַר m.n. NH gap. [From פער.]

פַּעֲרוּר m.n. NH hole-mouth jar. [Formed from פער through reduplication of the third radical.]

פפה tr. v. to move.
    — Pi. - פִּפָּה he moved. [Of unknown etymology. Perhaps a contraction of נפנף.]

פֶּפְּטוֹן m.n. FW peptone. [Ger. Pepton, coined by C.G. Lehmann in 1849 from Gk. pepton, from peptein, pessein (= to soften, ripen, boil, cook), which is cogn. with L. coquere (= to cook). See קוּלִינָרִי and cp. פֶּפְּסִין.]

פָּפִילְיוֹן m.n. FW [L. pāpiliō (= butterfly), used in the Middle Ages to denote a tent, because it resembles a butterfly with outstretched wings. L. pāpiliō derives from the reduplicated form of the IE base * pel- (= to shake, swing). For the derivatives of the simple base * pel- see פּוּלְמוֹס.]

פַּפִּירוּס m.n. FW papyrus. [L. papȳrus, from Gk. papyros (= papyrus), which is of unknown etymology; said to be of Egyptian origin. Fren. papier, Eng. paper, etc., are borrowed from L. papyrus.]

פֶּפְּסִין m.n. FW pepsin. [Ger. Pepsin, coined by its discoverer, the German naturalist Theodor Schwann in 1835 from Gk. pepsis (= cooking; digestion), from peptein (= to cook). See פֶּפּֽטוֹן.]

פַּפְּרִיקָה f.n. FW paprika. [Hungarian paprika, from Serbian pāprīka, from Gk. piperi, peperi (= pepper), which is of imitative origin. cp. פִּלְפֵּל ᴵ.]

פָּץ ᴵ see פּוץ.

פָּץ ᴵᴵ tr. v. MH he opened his mouth. [A secondary form of פָּצָה. See פצה.]

פצה to split, part, separate; to tear out, to free.
    — Qal - פָּצָה v. 1 he opened (his mouth); 2 (short for פָּצָה פֶּה), he spoke, uttered; 3 to set free, deliver.
    — Niph. - נִפְצָה was opened.
    — Pi. - פִּצָּה he compensated, paid damages to, indemnified (lit.: ‘he freed from damage’), loan translation of Aram. פַּצֵּה (= he set free, freed).
    — Pu. - פֻּצָּה was compensated, was indemnified. [JAram. פְּצָא (= he opened; he set free, delivered), Syr. פַּצִּי (= he set free, delivered), Arab. faṣa, faṣṣa (= he separated, removed). cp. פוץ ᴵᴵ. For the connection between the meanings ‘to open’, and ‘to set free, deliver’, cp. the bases פטר and פקח.] Derivatives: פִּצּוּי, פְּצִיָּה, פִּצְיוֹן, מִפְצֶה.

פִּצּֽוּחַ m.n. NH cracking, splitting. [Verbal n. of פִּצַּח, Pi. of פצח ᴵ.]

פִּצּוּי m.n. MH 1 paying damages; NH 2 compensation. [Verbal n. of פִּצָּה, Pi. of פצה.]

פִּצּוּל m.n. MH 1 splitting, branching off. 2 peeling. [Verbal n. of פִּצֵּל, Pi. of פצל.]

פָּצוּם adj. MH split, cracked. [Pass. part. of פָּצַם. See פצם.]

פָּצֽוּעַ adj. PBH 1 split, cracked. NH 2 wounded, bruised. [Pass. part. of פָּצַע. See פצע.]

פִּצּוּץ m.n. MH blowing up, explosion. [Verbal n. of פִּצֵּץ, Pi. of פצע.]

פָּצוּר adj. NH 1 notched. 2 filed. [Pass. part. of פָּצַר. See פצר ᴵᴵ.]

פצח ᴵ to break, split, crack, burst forth.
    — Pi. - פִּצַּח he broke into pieces, split, cracked (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Micah 3:3).
    — Pu. - פֻּצַּח was broken into pieces, was split, was cracked.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּצַּח (of s.m.). [Arab. faḍaḫa (= he broke, crushed), fasaḫa (= he dislocated, disjointed, severed, sundered), Ethiop. fasaḥa (= he shattered), prob. also Akka. paṣāḫu (= to break into pieces); prob. related to פצע.] Derivatives: פִּצּוּחַ, פּֽצִיחָה ᴵ, הִתְפַּצְּחוּת, מַפֽצֵחַ.

פצח ᴵᴵ to shout merrily, rejoice, exult.
    — Qal - פָּצַח he shouted merrily, rejoiced, exulted.
    — Pi. - פִּצַּח (of s.m.). [Syr. פּֽצַח (= he rejoiced), Aram. פַּצִּיחָא (= bright, serene), Arab. fasḥ (= clear, serene), fasīḥ (= having a clear voice).] Derivatives: פֶּצַח, פְּצָחָה, פַּצְחָן, פַּצִּיחַ, פְּצִיחָה ᴵᴵ.

פֶּֽצַח m.n. MH shouting for joy, song. [From פצח ᴵᴵ.]

פְּצָחָה f.n. PBH joyful song. [Formed from פצח ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּצְּחָן m.n. NH finch. [Formed from פִּצַּח (= he shouted merrily), Pi. of פצח ᴵᴵ, with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פְּצִיָּה f.n. NH (also פִּצְיוֹן MH) opening (of the mouth). [Formed from פָּצָה (= he opened) with first suff. ◌ָה, resp. ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פִּצְיוֹן see פְּצִיָּה.

פַּצִּֽיחַ adj. NH bright, serene. [From Aram. פַּצִּיחָא. See פצח ᴵᴵ.]

פְּצִיחָה ᴵ f.n. NH breaking, splitting, cracking. [Verbal n. of פָּצַח. See פצח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּצִיחָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH merry shouting; joyful song. [Verbal n. of פָּצַח. See פצח ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּצִיל adj. NH fragmentable, fissile. [Coined from פצל (= to split), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

פַּצִּים m.n. PBH board, beam. [Aram., formed from פּֽצַם (= broke, split). See פצם.]

פְּצִימָה f.n. NH cracking, breaking. [Verbal n. of פָּצַם. See פצם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּצְיֶנְט m.n. FW patient. [Fren. patient, from L. patientem, accusative of patiēns (= suffering), pres. part. of pātī (= to suffer), from IE base * pē–, * p– (= to damage, injure, hurt). cp. ‘patient’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.]

פְּצִיעָה f.n. PBH wounding, bruise, hurt, injury. [Verbal n. of פָּצַע. See פצע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּצִיפִיזְם m.n. FW pacifism. [Fren. pacifisme, contraction of pacificisme, which is formed from pacifique, from L. pācificus (= peacemaking), from pāx, gen. pācis (= peace), and ficere, unstressed form of facere (= to make, do). The first element is related to pacisci (= to make a treaty). These words derive from IE base * pāƙ-, * pāg̑- (= to join together, unite, make firm, fasten, fix). See ‘peace’ and ‘pact’ in my CEDEL. For the second element see פַקְט. For the ending of פָּצִיפִיזְם see suff. ◌ִיזְם and the second element in פְּרוֹפּוֹגַנְדָּה.]

פָּצִיפִיסְט m.n. FW pacifist. [Fren. pacifiste, contraction of pacificiste, from pacifique. See פָּצִיפִיזְם and suff. ◌ִיסְט.] Derivative: פָּצִיפִיסֽטִי.

פָּצִיפִיסְטִי adj. FW pacifistic. [Formed from פָּצִיפִיסְט with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּצִיץ m.n. NH splinter, fragment, shrapnel. [From פצץ.]

פְּצִירָה ᴵ f.n. file (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 13:21), usually translated by ‘file’. [Of uncertain etymology; perhaps derived from a base פצר meaning ‘to cut through, sharpen’. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה. cp. פצר ᴵᴵ.]

פְּצִירָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH entreaty. [Verbal n. of פָּצַר. See פצר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פצל to strip the bark off.
    — Pi. - פִּצֵּל 1 he stripped the bark off, barked, peeled. PBH 2 he split, divided, subdivided, divided into branches.
    — Pu. - פֻּצַּל PBH 1 was split, was divided, was subdivided, was divided into branches; MH 2 was peeled, was barked.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּצֵּל was split, was divided, was subdivided, was divided into branches.
    — Niph. - נִפְצַל was split, was divided, was subdivided, was divided into branches.
    — Hiph. - הִפְצִיל PBH 1 (of s.m.); NH 2 he split, divided.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְצַל was split, was divided, was subdivided, was divided into branches. [JAram. פְּצַל and בּֽצַל (= he split), Arab. faṣala and faṣṣala (= he split, divided, separated), Ethiop. baṣala (= he stripped the bark off, he barked. cp. בָּצָל. cp. also ‘moffusil’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: פֶּצֶל, פְּצָלָה, פַּצֶּלֶת, פָּצוּל, פִּצּוּל, הִתֽפַּצּֽלוּת, מֽפֻצָּל, מַפֽצֶלֶת.

פֶּֽצֶל m.n. MH shale. [From פצל.]

פְּצָלָה f.n. peeled spot (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 30:37 in the pl.). [Formed from פצל with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּצֶּֽלֶת f.n. NH feldspar. [Formed from פצל with suff. ◌ֶת.] Derivative: פַּצַּלֽתִּי.

פַּצַּלְתִּי adj. NH sparry. [Formed from פַּצֶּלֶת with suff. ◌ִי.]

פצם to split open.
    — Qal - פָּצַם he split open (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 60:4 in the form פְּצַמְתָּהּ). [Aram. פַּצֵּם (= he cut out), Arab. faṣama (= he caused to crack, cracked).] Derivatives: פָּצוּם, פַּצִּים, פְּצִימָה.

פצע to wound, bruise, wound by bruising.
    — Qal - פָּצַע v. 1 he wounded, bruised, wounded by bruising; 2 he split, cracked; 3 he divided, separated.
    — Niph. - נִפֽצַע PBH 1 was wounded; NH 2 was split, was cracked.
    — Pi. - פִּצַּע 1 he split, cracked; 2 he crushed, broke open.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּצַּע was crushed, was cracked open (said esp. of nuts).
    — Hiph. - הִפְצִיעַ 1 he wounded; 2 it branched off.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְצַע was wounded. [Related to Arab. faṣa‘a (= he squeezed a ripe date); however, according to some scholars related to Arab. ṣafa‘a (= he buffeted, cuffed, slapped lightly). Prob. related to פצח ᴵ.] Derivatives: פֶּצַע, פָּצוּעַ, פְּצִיעָה, הַפֽצָעָה, הִפָּצְעוּת, מַפֽצֵעַ. cp. פַּצְעִיל.

פֶּֽצַע m.n. wound. [From פצע.] Derivatives: פִּצְעוֹן, פִּצְעִית.

פִּצְעוֹן m.n. NH a small wound. [Formed from פֶּצַע with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פַּצְעִיל m.n. PBH unripe date. [Derivative of פצע.]

פִּצְעִית f.n. PBH a small wound. [Formed from פֶּצַע with suff. ◌ִית.]

פִּצְפּוּץ m.n. NH breaking asunder, crushing. [Verbal n. of פִּצְפֵּץ.]

פּצפץ to break asunder, to crush.
    — Pilp. - פִּצְפֵּץ he broke asunder, crushed, dashed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 16:12).
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּצֽפֵּץ was broken asunder. [Pilp. of פצץ.] Derivative: פִּצְפּוּץ.

פצץ to break, break asunder.
    — Pol. - פּוֹצֵץ he broke, broke asunder, destroyed (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 23:29).
    — Po. - פּוֹצַץ was broken, was broken asunder, was shattered, exploded, was destroyed.
    — Hith. - הִתְפּוֹצֵץ of s.m. (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hab. 3:6 in the form וַיִּתְפֹּצֲצוּ).
    — Pi. - פִּצֵּץ he broke, broke asunder.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽצִיץ he bombed, bombarded (back formation from פְּצָצָה)
    — Hoph. - הֻפְצַץ was bombed, was bombarded.
    — Pilp. see . - פצפץ . [Nab. פצץ (= to break asunder), Syr. פַּץ (= he crushed, battered, struck down), Arab. faḍḍa (= he broke, broke asunder). cp. פַּיִס.] Derivatives: פַּצָּץ, פֶּצֶץ, פְּצָצָה, פִּצּוּץ, פְּצִיץ, פּוֹצֵץ, הַפְצָצָה, הִתְפּוֹצְצוּת, מַפְצִיץ, מֻפְצָץ, מְפֻצָּץ.

פַּצָּץ m.n. NH detonator. [Formed from פִּצֵּץ, Pi. of פצץ.]

פֶּֽצֶץ m.n. MH explosion, detonation. [From פצץ.]

פְּצָצָה f.n. NH bomb. [Coined by Eliezer ben Yehudah (1858–1922) from פצץ. For the ending see subst. suff. ◌ָה.]

פצר ᴵ to push, press, urge.
    — Qal - פָּצַר he pushed, pressed, urged, entreated.
    — Hiph. - הִפְצִיר 1 was pressing, was pushing, was urging; 2 was stubborn.
    — Nith. - נִתְפַּצֵּר was pressed, was urged, entreated. [A secondary form of פרץ ᴵᴵ. According to some scholars פצר ᴵ is related to Arab. faraḍa (= he appointed, prescribed), Akka. parṣu (= command).] Derivatives: פְּצִירָה ᴵᴵ, פַּצְרָן, הֶפְצֵר, הַפְצָרָה.

פצר ᴵᴵ to file.
    — Qal - פָּצַר he filed.
    — Niph. - נִפְצַר was filed. [Back formation from פְּצָירָה ᴵ (q.v.).]

פַּצְרָן m.n. NH entreater, pleader. [Formed from פָּצַר (see פצר ᴵ) with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּצְרָנוּת.

פַּצְרָנוּת f.n. NH entreating, pleading. [Formed from פַּצְרָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פקד to attend to; to visit, muster; to appoint.
    — Qal - פָּקַד 1 he attended to, observed; 2 he commanded, ordered; 3 he mustered, passed in review, he numbered, counted, enumerated, passed in review; 4 he remembered, recalled; 5 he punished, took revenge; 6 he visited; 7 he missed, was lacking; PBH 8 he had marital relations with.
    — Niph. - נִפְקַד 1 was visited; 2 was lacking, was missing; 3 was appointed; 4 was punished; MH 5 was deposited with; NH 6 was commanded, was commissioned.
    — Pi. - פִּקֵּד 1 he mustered, numbered, enumerated; PBH 2 he commanded.
    — Pu. - פֻּקַּד 1 was mustered, was numbered, was enumerated; MH 2 was commanded.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּקֵּד, הָתְפָּקַד , was mustered, was numbered.
    — Hiph. - הִפְקִיד 1 he committed, entrusted; 2 he deposited; 3 he appointed.
    — Hoph. - הָפְקַד 1 was committed, was entrusted; 2 was deposited; 3 was appointed. [Phoen. פקד (= to attend to, take care of, provide), Akka. paqādu (= to attend to; to visit, muster; to appoint), Aram. פּֽקַד (= he commanded), Syr. פְּקַד (= he visited, inquired, saw to, he commanded), Nab. פקד (= he commanded), Ugar. pqd (= to command to, take care of), Arab. faqada (= he sought, he missed), Ethiop. faqada (= he visited, mustered; he needed, desired). The original meaning of this base prob. was ‘to miss’.] Derivatives: פַּקָּד ᴵ, פַּקָּד ᴵᴵ, פֶּקֶד, פְּקֻדָּה, פִּקָּדוֹן, פְּקִידוּת, פָּקוּד, פִּקּוּד, פָּקִיד, פְּקִידָה ᴵ, פְּקִידָה ᴵᴵ, הַפְקָדָה, הִפָּקְדוּת, הִתְפַּקְּדוּת, מִפְקָד, מֻפְקָד, מְפַקֵּד, מִפְקָדָה, מַפְקִיד, נִפְקָד, תַּפְקִיד.

פַּקָּד ᴵ m.n. NH censor (engaged in a census). [Nomen opificis formed from פִּקֵּד, Pi. of פקד.]

פַּקָּד ᴵᴵ m.n. NH chief inspector (of police). [Of the same origin as פַּקָּד ᴵ.]

פֶּֽקֶד m.n. MH deposit. [From פקד.]

פְּקֻדָּה f.n. 1 mustering, numbering. 2 visitation, punishment. 3 oversight, charge. 4 officers. NH 5 command, order. [From פקד.]

פִּקָּדוֹן m.n. (pl. פִּקְדוֹנוֹת) 1 deposit, store. 2 thing left in trust. [From פקד. cp. JAram. פִּקְדּוֹנָא, פֻּקְדָּנָא, Akka. puquddū, Egypt.–Aram. פקדון (= deposit, store).]

פִּקָּה f.n. PBH knob, protuberance. [Prob. derived from פקק ᴵ and influenced in meaning by פְּקַעַת (= ball; bulb).]

פָּקוּד adj. 1 numbered, counted. MH 2 deposited. NH 3 under somebody’s command. [Pass. part. of פָּקַד. See פקד.]

פִּקּוּד m.n. precept, command (in the Bible used only in the pl.). [From פִּקֵּד, Pi. of פקר.] Derivative: פִּקּוּדִי.

פִּקּוּדִי adj. NH of command. [Formed from פִּקּוּד with suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּקֽוּחַ adj. open (said only of the eye or of the ear); a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 32:19 in the phrase בְּעֵינַיִם פְּקוּחוֹת, ‘with open eyes’. [Pass. part. of פָּקַח. See פקח.]

פִּקּֽוּחַ m.n. PBH supervision, inspection (in the Talmud occurring only in the phrase פִּקּוּחַ נֶפֶשׁ, ‘saving an endangered life’). [Verbal n. of פִּקַּח (= he supervised, inspected), Pi. of פקח.]

פָּקוֹל m.n. PBH cotton tuft (in the Talmud used only in the pl. פָּקוֹלִין, ‘cotton tufts’). [From Gk. phakelos (= bundle, fascicle), which is of uncertain origin.]

פָקוּלְטָה f.n. FW faculty. [Fren. faculté, from L. facultās (= capability, power), from * fakli-tās, from facilis (= easy), lit. ‘feasible’, from facere (= to make, do). See פַקֽט.]

פָּקֽוּעַ adj. PBH split, torn, rent (in the Talmud occurring only in the f. פְּקוּעָה, ‘a slaughtered animal ripped open’. [Pass. part. of פָּקַע. See פקע.]

פַּקּוּעָה f.n. gourd, Colocynthis vulgaris (botany); (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Kin. II 4:39 in the phrase פַּקֻּעֹת שָׂדֶה). [From פקע (= to split). cp. Aram. פַּקַּעֽתָּא, Syr. פַּקּוּעָא, Arab. fuqa‘, faqqā.]

פָּקוּק adj. PBH stopped up, corked. [Pass. part. of פָּקַק. See פקק.]

פִּקּוּק ᴵ m.n. MH stopping up, corking. [From פקק ᴵ.]

פִּקּוּק ᴵᴵ m.n. MH loosening. [From פקק ᴵᴵ.]

פְּקוֹקֶֽלֶת f.n. PBH ramification of sinews. [Prob. contraction of *פְּקוֹלְקֶלֶת, a noun formed from base פקל through reduplication of the second and third radical. cp. Aram. פְּקוֹקַלְתָּא.]

פקח to open (said only of the eyes and ears); to free (see פּֽקַח־קוֹחַ).
    — Qal - פָּקַח v. he opened (said only of the eyes and of the ears).
    — Pi. - פִּקַּח 1 he opened, uncovered; 2 he guarded, watched, supervised.
    — Pu. - פֻּקַּח PBH 1 he became clever, became wise; NH 2 was guarded, was watched, was supervised; NH 3 was opened, was uncovered.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּקַּח he became clever, became wise.
    — Hiph. - הִפְקִיחַ he opened (eyes or ears). [Aram. פְּקַח (= he opened the eyes), Syr. פְּקַח (= it blossomed), Arab. faqaḥa (= it blossomed), faqqaḥa (= he opened the eyes). Prob. related to base פקע. For the connection between the meanings ‘to open’, and ‘to set free, deliver’, cp. the bases פטר and פצה. cp. פכח, which is prob. a secondary form of base פקח.] Derivatives: פִּקֵּחַ, פַּקָּח, פִּקָּחוֹן, פָּקוּחַ, פִּקּוּחַ, פְּקִיחָה, הִפָּקְחוּת, הִתְפַּקְּחוּת, מְפַקֵּחַ, מְפֻקָּח, מִפְקָחָה.

פִּקֵּֽחַ adj. 1 seeing, one who can see. PBH 2 hearing, one who can hear. PBH 3 one in possession of all faculties. PBH 4 clever, intelligent. [From פקח.] Derivatives: פִּקּֽחוּת, פִּקּֽחִי, פַּקֽחָן.

פַּקָּח m.n. NH supervisor, superintendent, inspector. [Nomen opificis formed from פִּקַּח (= he supervised), Pi. of פקח.] Derivative: פַּקָּחוּת.

פִּקָּחוֹן m.n. NH opening of the eyes, seeing, vision. [Formed from פקח with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פִּקְּחוּת f.n. MH cleverness, intelligence. [Formed from פִּקֵּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּקָּחוּת f.n. NH supervision, superintendence. [Formed from פַּקָּח with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּקְּחִי adj. NH clever, intelligent. [Formed from פִּקֵּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּקַח־קוֹחַ m.n. liberation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 61:1). [Prob. from פְּקַחְקוֹחַ and formed from פקח (= to open; to free), through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

פַקְט m.n. FW fact. [L. factum (= deed, act), lit.: ‘something done’, neuter p. part. of facere (= to make, do; to perform, accomplish; to act), from IE base * dhō-, * dhē-, * dh- (= to put, place; to do, make, construct). cp. תִּיק, פַקְטוֹר, פַקְטוּרָה. cp. also אוֹפִיצְיָאלִי, אֶפֶקְט, דֶּפֶטִיזְם, דֶּפֶקְט, פֶטִישׁ, ◌פִיקַצְיָה, פָּצִיפִיזְם, פָקוּלְטָה, the first element in פַקְסִימִילֶה, דֶּה־פַקְטוֹ, and the second element in דֶּזִינְפֶקְצְיָה, מוֹדִיפִיקַצְיָה, מָנוּפַקְטוּרָה, קזֹאֶפִיצְיֶנְט, רָטִיפִיקַצְיָה.]

פַקְטוֹר m.n. FW factor. [L. factor (= maker, doer, performer), from factus, p. part. of facere. See פַקְט. For the ending see agential suff. ‘-or’ in my CEDEL.]

פַקְטוּרָה f.n. FW bill, invoice. [From Fren. facture, which derives from the stem of facteur (= agent, middleman, factor), from L. factor. See פַקְטוֹר. For the ending of facture see suff. ‘–ure’ in my CEDEL.]

פֶּקְטִין m.n. FW pectin (chemistry). [Coined by the French chemist Henri Braconnot (1781–1855) from Gk. pectos (= solid, thick, congealed, curdled), verbal adj. of pegnunai (= to make firm or solid), from IE base * pāĝ-, * pāƙ- (= to join together), whence also L. pangere (= to join, make firm), pacīscī (= to make a treaty), pāx (= peace). See פָּצִיפִיזֽם.]

פָּקִיד m.n. 1 overseer, inspector. NH 2 official, employee. [From פקד.] Derivatives: פְּקִידָה ᴵ, פְּקִידוֹן.

פְּקִידָה ᴵ f.n. NH official, employee. [f. of פָּקִיד. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּקִידָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH 1 remembrance. 2 counting, numbering. 3 cohabitation. [Verbal n. of פָּקַד. See פקד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּקִידוֹן m.n. NH minor official (used ironically). [Formed from פָּקִיד with dimin. suff. ◌וֹן.]

פְּקִידוּת f.n. 1 oversight (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jer. 37:13). NH 2 officialdom. NH 3 office, task. [From פקד. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.] Derivative: פְּקִידוּתִי.

פְּקִידוּתִי adj. NH bureaucratic. [Formed from פְּקִידוּת with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּקִיחָה f.n. MH opening (of the eyes or the ears). [Verbal n. of פָּקַח. See פקח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּקִיל adj. NH peeling easily. [Coined from פקל (= to peel), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

פְּקִימָה f.n. NH 1 pricking (the mouth of a horse). 2 diverting, diversion (of a ship off its course). [Verbal n. of פָּקֵם. See פקם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּקִיסָה f.n. NH making up (the face), painting (with rouge). [Verbal n. of פָּקַס. See פקס ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּקִיעַ ᴵ m.n. PBH trimming, cleaning. [From פקע.]

פְּקִֽיעַ ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH bundle, bunch. [From פקע.]

פְּקִיעָה f.n. PBH 1 bursting, splitting. MH 2 expiration, lapse (of rights). [Verbal n. of פָּקַע. See פקע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פּֽקִיקָה f.n. MH stopping up, corking. [Verbal n. of פָּקַק. See פקק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָקִיר m.n. FW fakir. [Arab. faqīr, from faqura (= he was poor).]

פקל to peel.
    — Pi. - פִּקֵּל he peeled. [Arab. faqala (= he winnowed). Related by metathesis, to קלף. cp. פְּקוֹקֶלֶת.] Derivatives: פָּקִיל, פַּקֶּלֶת.

פַּקָ״ל m.n. NH combat standing-orders. [Formed from the initials of the words פּֽקֻדּוֹת־קֶבַע לַקּֽרָב.]

פַּקֶּֽלֶת f.n. NH psorosis (a fruit disease). [Coined from פקל (= to peel), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פקם to prick (the mouth of a horse), to divert, change the course (of a ship).
    — Qal - פָּקַם v. he pricked (the mouth of a horse); he diverted, changed the course (of a ship).
    — Niph. - נִפֽקַם was diverted, the course (of a ship) was changed. [Arab. faqm, fuqm (= muzzle).] Derivative: פּֽקִימָה.

פקס ᴵ to make up (one’s face), to paint (with rouge).
    — Qal - פָּקַס he made up (his face), painted with rouge. [Denominated from פִּיקָס. cp. פרכס ᴵ.] Derivative: פְּקִיסָה.

פקס ᴵᴵ remove the woollike fringes (from gourds and cucumbers).
    — Pi. - פִּקִּס he removed the woollike fringes (from gourds and cucumbers), trimmed. [Denominated from פֶּקֶס.]

פֶּֽקֶס m.n. PBH woollike fringe (on gourds and cucumbers). [From Gk. pekos (= uncombed wool, fleece), which is related to pekein (= to comb, shear), L. pectere (= to comb, shear). These words derive from IE base * peƙ- (= to pluck wool or hair). See ‘fee’ (= cattle, money) in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פקס ᴵᴵ.

פַקְסִימִילֶה m.n. FW facsimile. [L. facsimile (= make like), from fac, imper. of facere (= to make, do), and neuter of similis (= like). See פַקְט and סִימוּלְטָנִי.]

פקע to split, burst.
    — Qal - פָּקַע PBH 1 it split, burst; NH 2 it was torn; 3 it was thrown aside; PBH 4 it was removed.
    — Niph. - נִפֽקַע it was removed.
    — Pi. - פִּקַּע he caused to crack or split, cracked, split.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּקַּע it burst.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽקִיעַ PBH 1 he caused to crack or split, cracked, split; PBH 2 he tore; PBH 3 he released; NH 4 he confiscated.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְקַע 1 was released; 2 was confiscated. [Related to בקע (q.v.).] Derivatives: פֶּקַע ᴵ, פֶּקַע ᴵᴵ, פְּקִיעָה, פַּקְעִית, פְּקַעַת, פָּקוּעַ, פַּקּוּעָה, פְּקִיעָה, הַפְקָעָה, הִפָּקְעוּת, הִתְפַּקּֽעוּת, מַפְקִיעַ, מֻפְקָע.

פֶּֽקַע ᴵ m.n. knob-shaped or gourd-shaped ornament (in the Bible occurring only Kin. I 6:18 and 7:24, in the pl.). [From פקע. cp. Syr. פְּקִיעֵא (= flowers). cp. also פַּקּוּעָה and פְּקַעַת.]

פֶּֽקַע m.n. PBH split, crack. [From פקע.]

פִּקְעִית f.n. PBH glomerule. [Formed from פקע with dimin. suff. ◌ִית.]

פְּקַֽעַת f.n. PBH 1 coil, ball of wool. NH 2 bulb of flower. [Formed from פקע with suff. ◌ַת.] Derivative: פְּקַעְתִּי.

פְקַעְתִּי adj. NH bulblike, bulbous. [Formed from פְּקַעַת with suff. ◌ִי.]

פִּקְפּוּק m.n. PBH 1 protest (it occurs in this sense in the phrase פִּקְפּוּקֵי דְבָרִים). MH 2 shaking. MH 3 doubt, scruple. [Verbal n. of פִּקְפֵּק. See פקפק.]

פקפק to hesitate, to doubt.
    — Pilp. - פִּקְפֵּק 1 he loosened, shook, undermined; 2 he contested the validity of; 3 he hesitated, doubted.
    — Pulp. - פֻּקְפַּק was doubted.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּקְפֵּק was shaken, was undermined. [From פוק ᴵ. For other Pilp. forms derived from ע״ו verbs cp. זעזע and other words there referred to.] Derivatives: פַּקֽפְּקָן, פִּקְפּוּק, מֽפֻקֽפָּק.

פַּקְפְּקָן m.n. NH doubter, hesitator. [Formed from פקפק with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּקֽפּֽקָנוּת, פַּקֽפְּקָנִי.

פַּקְפְּקָנוּת f.n. NH hesitancy. [Formed from פַּקְפְּקָן with suff. ◌וֹּת.]

פַּקְפְּקָנִי adj. NH doubtful, hesitant. [Formed from פַּקֽפּֽקָן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פקק ᴵ to cork, stop up.
    — Qal - פָּקַק v. he corked, stopped up. [Denominated from פְּקָק.] Derivatives: פְּקִיקָה, פָּקוּק, הִתֽפַּקּֽקוּת, מְפֻקָּק, פִּקּוּק ᴵ, פּֽקִיקָה, פַּקֶּקֶת, prob. also פִּקָּה.

פקק ᴵᴵ to tremble, shake.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּקִק was loosened, was shaken. [Related to פוק ᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּקּוּק ᴵᴵ, הִתְפַּקְּקוּת.

פְּקָק m.n. PBH 1 cork, stopper. NH 2 traffic jam. Derivative: פקק ᴵ.

פַּקֶּֽקֶת f.n. NH thrombosis (disease). [Coined from פקק ᴵ (= he stopped up), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פקר to be licentious, be heretical, be irreligious.
    — Qal - פָּקַר he was licentious, was heretical, was irreligious.
    — Nith. - נִתֽפַּקֵּר NH 1 he became a heretic, became irreligious; MH 2 he was impudent.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽקִיר he declared (a property or a slave) ownerless, abandoned, gave up, forfeited.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְקַר was declared ownerless (said of a property or a slave), was abandoned, was given up, was forfeited. [Related to פרק (= to break, break off, throw off), by metathesis. cp. פָּרַק עֹל תּוֹרָה, ‘he threw off the yoke of the Torah). Prob. influenced in meaning by the name of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, who was said to have regarded sensual enjoyment as the highest good, and became a symbol of unbelief.] Derivatives: פּוֹקֵר, הֶפְקֵר, הַפְקָרָה, הִתֽפַּקְּרוּת, מֻפֽקָר.

פַּקְרֵס m.n. PBH 1 shirt, underwear. NH 2 sweater. [Shortened from אַפְקַרְסִין, from Gk. epikarsion (= striped garment), properly subst. use of the neuter of the adj. epikarsios (= crosswise, at an angle; striped), which is formed from epi (= on, upon; see אֶפִּי◌), and a word, which is prob. related to Lithuanian skeřsas (= transversal).]

פַּר m.n. bull, bullock, steer. [Related to JAram. פָּרֽתָא (= cow), Syr. פַּרְתָא (= ewe lamb), Arab. farr (= calf), farīr, furār (= lamb, young gazelle) Ugar. prt (= cow).] Derivative: פָּרָה.

פָּרַ◌ FW (before a vowel פָּר◌) pref. para-, par-. Used in words of Greek origin in the senses: by the side of, beside, past, beyond; contrary, wrong, irregular, abnormal. [Gk. para-, par-, from para (= from beside, beyond, against, contrary), which is cogn. with Old I. pára (= beyond). cp. פֶּר◌, פֶּרִי◌, פְּרֵי◌, פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ, פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ

פֶּח◌ pref. FW per-. [Used in verbs of Latin origin, meaning ‘through, by means of’. L. per–, from per (= through, across, over; beyond, by means of), which is cogn. with Old I. pari (= around, about, through). See ‘fore’ (adv.) in my CEDEL, and cp. words there referred to. cp. also פָּרַ◌ and the first element in פְּרִיבִילֶגְיָה.]

פְּרֵ◌, פְּרֶ◌ see פְּרֵי◌.

פרא ᴵ to bear fruit, be fruitful.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיא it bore fruit, was fruitful (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hos. 13:15). [A secondary form of פרה.]

פרא ᴵᴵ to be wild, be savage.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵא became wild, became savage. [Denominated from פֶּרֶא.] Derivative: הִתְפָּרְאוּת.

פֶּֽרֶא m.n. 1 wild ass, onager. 2 desert dweller. [Arab. farā (= wild ass), Akka. parū (= mule), purīmu (= wild ass). The orig. meaning of these words is prob. ‘runner’. cp. JAram. פרא (= to run).] Derivatives: פרא ᴵᴵ, פִּרֽאוּת, פִּרֽאִי.

פִּרְאוּת f.n. NH wildness, savagery, barbarism. [Formed from פֶּרֶא with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּרְאִי adj. NH wild, savage, barbaric. [Formed from פֶּרֶא with suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּרַבּוֹלָה f.n. FW parabola. [Modern L. parabola, from Gk. parabole (= a throwing beside, laying side by side; application, comparison, analogy, parable), from para (see פָּרַ◌) and ballein (= to throw; see בַּלִּיסְטִיקָה). See ‘parabola’ in my CEDEL and cp. פָּרוֹל, פַּרְלָמֶנְט.]

פָּרַבּוֹלוֹאִיד m.n. FW paraboloid. [Compounded of Modern L. parabola (see פֶָּרַבּוֹלָה) and Gk. oeides (= like), from eidos (= form, shape). See אִיִדֶאָה.]

פַּרְבָּר see פַּרְוָר.

פָּרָג m.n. PBH panic grass, millet (the usual identification of פָּרָג with ‘poppy’ is wrong). [Of uncertain origin.]

פרג base of הִפֽרִיג.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽרִיג it changed for the worse, worsened. [Of uncertain origin.]

פַּרְגּוֹד m.n. PBH 1 a laced garment, tunic. 2 curtain. [L. paragauda (= a laced garment), from Gk. paragaudos, or paragaudion, which are Oriental loan words. Syr. פַּרְגּוֹדִין (= a striped garment), and Mand. ברגודא (of s.m.), whence prob. Arab. burjud, are of the same origin as Gk. paragaudos.]

פַּרְגּוֹל m.n. PBH whip, scourge, lash. [From Gk. phragellion, L. flagellum, dimin. of flagrum (= whip, scourge, lash), from * flāgere (= to whip), whence flāgitāre (= to whip, decry; to demand passionately).] Derivative: פרגל.

פִּרְגּוּל m.n. NH whipping, lashing, flagellation. [Verbal n. of פִּרְגֵּל. See פרגל.]

פַּרְגִּית f.n. PBH chick, young bird. [Together with Syr. פַּרוּגָא (= chick, young bird), prob. borrowed from Gk. pterix (= wing, winged creature, bird), which is related to pteron (= feather wing). These words derive from * pt, zero degree of IE base * pet- (= to fly, fall upon), whence Gk. petesthai (= to fly). See ‘feather’ in my CEDEL.]

פרגל to whip, scourge.
    — Pi. - פִּרְגֵּל he whipped, lashed, flagellated.
    — Pu. - פֻּרְגַּל was whipped, was lashed, was flagellated. [Denominated from פַּרְגּוֹל.] Derivative: פִּרְגּוּל.

פְּרַגְמָטִי adj. FW pragmatic. [L. prāgmaticus (= skilled in the law), from Gk. pragmaticos, properly ‘busy, skilled in business’, from pragma. See פְּרַגְמַטֽיָא and suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּרַגְמַטְיָא f.n. PBH merchandise, wares, goods. [Gk. pragmateia (= prosecution of business). See פְּרַקֽמַטְיָא.]

פרד to divide, separate.
    — Qal - פָּרַד v. he divided, separated (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 1:11 in the pass. part. פָּרוּד).
    — Niph. - נִפְרַד was divided, was separated.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַד 1 he went apart (in the Bible occurring only Hos. 4:14 in the form יֽפָרֵדוּ); PBH 2 he separated; NH 3 he decomposed, resolved into constituent parts (chemistry).
    — Pu. - פֹּרַד was divided, was separated (in the Bible occurring only in the part. מְפֹרָד).
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵד 1 was divided, was separated; 2 was scattered, was dispersed.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽרִיד 1 he made a division, separated; 2 he decomposed, resolved into its constituent parts.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְרַד PBH 1 was separated; NH 2 was decomposed, was resolved into its constituents. [Aram. פְּרַד (= he separated, scattered, drove off), Syr. פּֽרַד (= he ran, fled), Arab. farada (= was single, was sole). cp. Akka. parā́du, which prob. means ‘to flee’, and purīdu (= leg; properly ‘that which goes or walks’).] Derivatives: פֶּרֶד ᴵᴵ, perhaps also פֶּרֶד ᴵ, פְּרָד, פּֽרֵדָה, פְּרֻדָּה, פְּרָדִי, פֵּרוּד, פּֽרִידָה ᴵ, פְּרִידָה ᴵᴵ, פּֽרִידָה ᴵᴵᴵ, הֶפְרֵד, הַפְרָדָה, הִפָּרֽדוּת, הִתְפָּרְדוּת, מִפְרָד, מַפְרֵדָה, מַפְרֶדֶת, נִפְרָד.

פֶּֽרֶד ᴵ m.n. FW mule. [Prob. derived from פרד in the sense of Syr. פּֽרַד (= he fled), and lit. meaning ‘the running or fleeing animal’. From פֶּרֶד prob. derives Arab.-Pers. barīd (= courier), whence prob. L. verēdus in paraverēdus (= extra post-horse). See ‘palfrey’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פִּרֽדָּה.

פֶּֽרֶד ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH dried pomegranate seed. [From פרד.]

פֶּֽרֶד ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. MH odd number. [From Arab. fard.]

פֶּֽרֶד ᴵⱽ m.n. MH separation. [From פרד.]

פְּרָד m.n. NH atom. [Back formation from פְּרָדִי.]

פִּרְדָּה f.n. she-mule (in the Bible occurring only Kin. I 1:33, 38:44). [f. of פֶּרֶד ᴵ.]

פְּרֵדָה f.n. NH parting, departure. [Verbal n. of פָּרַד. See פרד and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרֻדָּה f.n. NH molecule. [From פרד. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּרָדוֹקְס m.n. FW (also spelled פָּרָדוֹכְּס) paradox. [L. paradoxum, from Gk. paradoxon (= paradox), properly neuter of the adj. paradoxos (= contrary to expectation, incredible, marvelous), which is formed from para; (see פָּרַ◌), and doxa (= opinion, expectation), which is related to doxein (= to seem good, seem, think, believe). These words derive from IE base * deƙ-, *doƙ- (= to take, receive, accept; acceptable, becoming good).]

פָּרָדוֹקְסָלִי adj. FW paradoxal, paradoxical. [Formed from L. paradoxum (see פָּרָדוֹקְס) and suff. - ālis. See adj. suff. ‘-al’ in my CEDEL. For the ending in פָּרָדוֹקֽסָלִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פָּרָדוֹקְסָלִיּוּת.

פָּרָדוֹקְסָלִיּוּת f.n. FW paradoxicality. [Formed from פָּרָדוֹקְסָלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרָדִי adj. MH atomic. [From פרד. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי. cp. פְּרָד.]

פָּרָדִיגְמָה f.n. FW paradigm. [Fren. paradigme, from Late L. paradigma, from Gk. paradeigma (= model, pattern).]

פַּרְדָּנִית f.n. PBH a run-about, gadabout. [Properly f. of פַּרֽדָן (= running about), which is formed from פרד with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פַּרְדֵּס m.n. 1 park, orchard. PBH 2 esoteric philosophy. NH 3 orange grove. [From Avestic, of Old Pers. origin. cp. Avestic pairidaēza (= enclosure), which is compounded of pairi (= around), and daēza (= wall). The first element is cogn. with Gk. peri (= around, about; see פֶּרִי◌). The second element is cogn. with Gk. teichos (= wall). Gk. paradeisos (= park, the garden of Eden, paradise), whence L. paradīsus, is also of Old Pers. origin. Aram. פַּרְדֵּס, פַּרְדְּסָא, is borrowed from Heb.] Derivative: פַּרְדְּסָן.

פַּרְדֵּ״ס PBH initial letters of the four methods of Bible interpretation פּֽשָׁט (= plain), רֶמֶז (= symbolic), דְּרוּשׁ (= homiletic), סוֹד (= esoteric).

פַּרְדְּסָן m.n. NH orange grower, citrus grower. [Formed from פַּרְדֵּס with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּרְדּֽסָנוּת.

פַּרְדְּסָנוּת f.n. NH orange growing, citriculture. [Formed from פַּרְדֵּס and suff. ◌נוּת.]

פרה to bear fruit, be fruitful.
    — Qal - פָּרָה 1 bore fruit. 2 was fruitful.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרָה 1 he caused to bear fruit; 2 he made fruitful; NH 3 he fertilized, fecundated.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְרָה 1 was made fruitful; 2 was fertilized, was fecundated. [Phoen. פר (= fruit), Aram.-Syr. פְּרָא and פרי, Ethiop. faraya, Egypt. pry (= bore fruit, was fruitful). cp. the secondary form פרא ᴵ.] Derivatives: פְּרִי, פֵּרוּי, פְּרִיָּה, פִּרְיוֹן, פּוֹרֶה, הַפְרָאָה, הַפְרָיָה.

פָּרָה f.n. cow. [f. of פַּר.]

פַּרְהֶדְרִין m.n. PBH council. [Gk. proedrion, lit.: ‘a sitting in front’, from pro (= before; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ), and edra (= a seat), which stands for * sedrā and is cogn. with L. sedēre (= to sit). See אַכְסַדְרָה and cp. סַנְהֶדְרִין.]

פִּרְהוּס m.n. NH publicizing. [Verbal n. of פִּרְהֵס. See פרהס.]

פרהס to publicize, make public.
    — Pi. - פִּרְהֵס he publicized, made public. [Denominated from פַּרְהֶסְיָא.]

פַּרְהֶסְיָא, פַּרְהֶסְיָה f.n. PBH openness, frankness, publicity. [Gk. parresia (= outspokenness, frankness, freedom of speech), which stands for panresia, a word compounded of pan, neuter of pas (= all, every; see פַּן◌), and retos (= stated). See רֶטוֹרִי and פרסם.]

פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ pref. FW pro- (of Latin origin, meaning ‘before, forward, forth, for, in favor of, in place of, on behalf of, according to’). [L. prō̌–, from prō (= in front of, for, in behalf of, instead of), related to per (= through), prae (= before), por– (= forward), and cogn. with Gk. pro (= before), paros (= before), peri (= around, about, toward), para (= from beside, against, beyond). See פָּרַ◌ and cp. פַּרְתֵּם.]

פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ pref. FW pro- (of Greek origin meaning ‘before, forward’). [Gk. pro–, from pro (= before). See פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ and cp. פְּרוֹטוֹ◌.]

פְּרוֹבוֹקָטוֹר m.n. FW provocateur, agent provocateur. [Fren. provocateur, from L. prōvocātus, p. part. of prōvocāre (= to call forth, challenge, appeal, provoke), from prō- (see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and vocāre (= to call), which is related to vōx (= voice, sound, tone, call), from IE base * weq-, *woq- (= voice, to speak). See ‘voice’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פּֽרוֹבוֹקָטוֹר see suff. ‘–tor’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרוֹבוֹקָטִיבִי adj. FW provocative. [Late L. prōvocātīvus (= called forth), from L. prōvocātus, p. part. of prōvocāre. See פְּרוֹבוֹקָטוֹר and suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּרוֹבוֹקַצְיָה f.n. FW provocation. [Fren. provocation, from L. prōvocātiō (= a summoning, challenging), from prōvocātus, p. part. of prōvocāre. See פְּרוֹבוֹקָטוֹר and suff. ◌ַצֽיָה.]

פְּרוֹבִיזוֹרִי adj. provisional. [Med. L. prōvisōrius, from L. prōvīsus, p. part. of prōvidēre (= to see beforehand, to act with foresight), from prō- (see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ) and vidēre (= to see), which is cogn. with Gk. oida (= I know), eidos (= form, shape, lit.: ‘that which is seen’). See אִידֵיאָה and cp. וִיזָה.]

פְּרוֹבִינְצְיָאלִי adj. FW provincial. [L. prōvinciālis (= pertaining to a province), from prōvincia. See פְּרוֹבִינֽצְיָה and suff. ◌ִי. For the ending – alis see first suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פּֽרוֹבִינְצְיָאלִיּוּת.

פְּרוֹבִינְצְיָאלִיּוּת f.n. FW provincialism. [Formed from פְּרוֹבִינֽצְיָאלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּרוֹבִינְצְיָה f.n. FW province. [L. prōvincia (a territory outside Italy brought under Roman government). Of uncertain etymology. See ‘province’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרוֹבְּלֵימָה f.n. FW problem. [Gk. problema (= discussion, problem; lit. ‘something thrown forward’), from proballein (= to throw forward), from pro (= before; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ) and ballein (= to throw, cast). See בַּלִּיסְטִיקָה.]

פְּרוֹבּֽלֵימָתִי adj. FW problematic(al). [Gk. problematicos (= pertaining to a problem), from problema (= problem). See פְּרוֹבּֽלֵימָה and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פְּרוֹבּֽלֵימֵתִיּוּת.

פּֽרוֹבְּלֵימָתִיּוּת f.n. FW problematically. [Formed from פּֽרוֹבּלֵימָתִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרוֹבְּלֵימָתִיקָה f.n. FW problems. [From Gk. problematikos (= pertaining to a problem), from problema (= problem). See פּֽרוֹבְּלֵימָה. For the Gk. ending – atikos see suff. ‘–atic’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרוֹגְנוֹזָה f.n. FW prognosis. [Gk. prognosis (= foreknowledge), from the stem of progignoskein (= to know beforehand), from pro (= before; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ), and gignoskein (= to know). See גְּנוֹסְטִיקָה.]

פְּרוֹגְרַמָּה f.n. FW program(me). [Gk. programma (= public notion), from the stem of prographein (= to write before, write in public), from pro (= before; see פּֽרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ) and graphein (= to write). See ◌גְרָף.]

פְּרוֹגְרַמָּתִי adj. FW programmatic(al). [From Gk. programma (= public notion). See פְּרוֹגְרַמָּה. For the ending of פּֽרוֹגְרַמָּתִי see first suff. ‘–atic’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרוֹגְרֶס m.n. FW progress. [L. prōgressus (= a going forward, advance), from prōgressus, p. part of prōgredī (= to go forward, advance), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and gradī (= to step, walk, go), which is related to gradus (= step, degree). See גַּרְדוֹם ᴵ and cp. words there referred to.]

פְּרוֹגְרֶסִּיבִי adj. FW progressive. [Fren. progressif, from L. prōgressus (see פּֽרוֹגְרֶס and suff. ◌ִי. For the ending - if, f. - ive, see suff. ‘-ive’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פְּרוֹגְרֶסִּיבִיּוּת.

פְּרוֹגְרֶסִּיבִיּוּת f.n. FW progressiveness. [Formed from פְּרוֹגְרֶסִּיבִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרוֹגְרֶסְיָה f.n. FW progression. [L. prōgressiō (= a going forward, advance), from prōgressus (see פְּרוֹגְרֶס and suff. ◌ִיָה).]

פֵּרוּד m.n. MH 1 separation, division. 2 discord. [From פרד.]

פָּרוּד adj. separated (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 1:11 in the f. pl.). [Pass. part. of פָּרַד. See פרד and cp. פְּרוּדָה.]

פְּרוּדָה f.n. 1 grain of seed (this is the prob. meaning of פְּרֻדוֹת, pl., Joel 1:17). NH 2 molecule. [Subst. use of the f. of פָּדוּד (q.v.).]

פְּרוֹדוּקְטִיבִי adj. FW productive. [Med. L. prōductīvus (= fit for production), from prōductus, p. part. of prōdūcere (= to lead forward, bring forth, beget, produce, draw out, lengthen), from prō (= before, for), and dūcere (= to lead, conduct, guide, draw). See דֻּכָּס and cp. רֶפּֽרוֹדוּקֽצְיָה.] Derivative: פְּרוֹדוּקֽטִיבִיּוּת.

פְּרוֹדוּקְטִיבִיּוּת f.n. FW productivity. [Formed from פְּרוֹדוּקְטִיבִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּרוֹדְיָה f.n. FW parody. [Gk. parodia (= parody, burlesque), from para (= from, beside; see פָּרַ◌), and ode (= song). See אוֹדָה.]

פַּרְוָה f.n. PBH NH fur. 2 NH skin, hide. [Related to Arab. farwa (= fur, skin, hide).] Derivative: פַּרְוָן.

פָּרוּז adj. PBH 1 unwalled. NH 2 open. PBH 3 dweller in an unwalled city. NH 4 demilitarized. [Pass. part. of פָּרַז. See פרז ᴵ.]

פֵּרוּז m.n. NH demilitarization. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַז (= he demilitarized), Pi. of פרז ᴵ.]

פְּרוֹזָאִי adj. FW prosaic. [Formed from פּֽרוֹזָה (= prose), with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פְּרוֹזָאִיּוּת.

פְּרוֹזָאִיּוּת f.n. FW prosaism. [Formed from פְּרוֹזָאִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרוֹזָאִיקָן m.n. FW prosaist. [Formed from פּֽרוֹזָה with suff. ◌ִיקָן.]

פְּרוּזְבּוּטְיָא f.n. PBH (pl. פְּרוּזְבּוּטִין) assembly of delegates. [From Gk. presbeutes (= ambassador), from presbus (= old, venerable), which stands for * pres-gus, and lit. means ‘he that goes first’. The first element of this compound is related to Gk. paros (= before, aforetime, formerly), and cogn. with L. prae (= before; see פּֽרֵי◌). The second element is a derivative of IE base * gu– (= to go), which is related to base * gem– (of s.m.).]

פְּרוֹזְבּוּל m.n. PBH (also פּרוֹסֽבּוּל) ‘prosbul’ (a declaration made in court, before the execution of a loan, to the effect that the law requiring the release of debts upon the entrance of the Sabbatical year shall not apply to the loan to be transacted). [Prob. shortened from Gk. pros boule bouleuton (= before the assembly of councillors), from pros (= toward, to, against, before, in presence of), dative of boule (= counsel, deliberation, assembly), and gen. pl. of bouleutes (= councillor), from bouleuein (= to take counsel), from boule.]

פְּרוֹזְדוֹר m.n. PBH corridor, vestibule. [The correct reading is פּֽרוֹזְדוֹד, a word borrowed from Gk. prostada, accusative of prostas (= vestibule, porch, portico). Gk. prostas derives from the stem proistanai (= to stand before). See ‘post’ (pillar) in my CEDEL and cp. פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ and סְטָטִי.] Derivative: פְּרוֹזְדוֹרִי.

פְּרוֹזְדוֹרִי adj. NH vestibular. [Formed from פּֽרוֹזֽדוֹר with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּרוֹזָה f.n. FW prose. [L. prōsa, short for prōsa orātiō (= straight speech, prose), f. of prōsus, a collateral form of prōrsus (= straightforward, straight, direct), contraction of prōversus, p. part. of prōvertere (= to turn forward), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and vertere (= to turn), which derives from IE base * wert- (= to turn, twist). See ‘version’ in my CEDEL.] Derivatives: פְּרוֹזָאִי, פְּרוֹזָאִיקָן.

פָּרוּט adj. NH picked, pinched. [Pass. part. of פָּרַט. See פרט ᴵᴵ.]

פֵּרוּט m.n. MH 1 changing (money) into smaller coins. NH 2 division into smaller part. NH 3 giving details, itemization. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַט (= he specified, detailed), Pi. of פרט ᴵ.]

פְּרוּטָה f.n. PBH 1 small coin. NH 2 1/1000 of Israeli pound, used formerly. PBH 3 money. [From פרט ᴵ; properly subst. use of the pass. part. of פָּרַט. cp. Aram. פְּרִיטָא (= small coin; money).] Prob. derivative: פְּרוֹטֽרוֹט.

פְּרוֹטוֹ◌ FW (before a vowel פְּרוֹט◌) pref. proto–, or prot– (combining form meaning ‘first’). [Gk. proto–, prot–, from protos (= first), prob. contraction of proatos, superlative of pro (= before). See פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ and cp. פְּרוֹטוֹן.]

פְּרוֹטוֹטִיפּוּס m.n. FW prototype. [Gk. prototypos (= original, primitive), from protos (= first), and typos (= blow, impress, model, pattern). See פְּרוֹטוֹ◌ and טִיפּוּס.]

פְּרוֹטוֹמָה f.n. FW protoma. [Gk. protome (= head of a decapitated animal), lit.: ‘something cut off’, from the stem of protemnein (= to cut off in front), from pro (see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ), and temnein (= to cut). See ‘tome’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרוֹטוֹן m.n. FW proton. [Eng. proton, formed on analogy of ‘electron’ (see אֶלֶקְטְרוֹן) from Gk. proton neuter of protos (= first; see פְּרוֹטוֹ◌); so called by the English physicist Ernest Rutherford in 1920.]

פְּרוֹטוֹפּֽלַסְמָה f.n. FW protoplasm. [Ger. Protoplasma (= lit. ‘first formed’), compounded of Gk. proto (see פְּרוֹטוֹ◌ and plasma (= something molded). See פְּלַסְמָה.]

פְּרוֹטוֹקוֹל m.n. FW protocol. [Late Gk. protokollon (= the first leaf glued to the papyrus roll), which is compounded of Gk. plotos (= first), and kolla (= glue). cp. ‘collo-’ in my CEDEL and words there referred to.]

פְּרוּטִית f.n. PBH hybrid, a kind of mule of which it is unknown whether their sires were horses and their mothers asses or conversely. [Of unknown origin.]

פְּרוֹטֶסְט m.n. FW protest. [Eng. protest, from Old Fren. protest, from protester (= to protest), from L. prōtestārī (= to declare in public, bear witness to), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and testārī (= to be a witness), from testis (= witness). See ‘testament’ in my CEDEL. and cp. פְּרוֹטֶסֽטַנְט.]

פְּרוֹטֶסְטַנְט m.n. FW Protestant (n.). [Fren. protestant, from protestant (= protestant), from L. prōtestans, p. part. of prōtestārī. See פְּרוֹטֶסְט and suff. ‘-ant’ in my CEDEL. The name was applied originally to those German princes who, at the second Council of Spires (April 19, 1529), protested against the annulment of the decree of tolerance of the first Council of Spires in 1526.] Derivative: פְּרוֹטֶסְטַנְטִי.

פְּרוֹטֶסְטַנְטִי adj. FW Protestant (adj.). [Formed from פּֽרוֹטֶסְטַנִט with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פּֽרוֹטֶסֽטַנְטִיּוּת.

פְּרוֹטֶסְטַנְטִיּוּת f.n. FW Protestantism. [Formed from פְּרוֹטֶסֽטַנֽטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרוֹטֶקְטוֹרָט m.n. FW protectorate. [Eng. protectorate, formed with suff. ‘–ate’ from L. prōtector, from prōtectus, p. part. of prōtegere; (see פְּרוֹטֶקְצֽיָה). For the ending see third suff. ‘-ate’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרוֹטֶקְצְיָה f.n. FW protection. [L. prōtēctiō, from prōtēctus, p. part. of prōtegere (= to cover in front, protect), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and tegere (= to cover), from base * (s)teg- (= to cover). See ‘thatch’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פְּרוֹטֶקְצְיָה, see suff. ◌יָה.] Derivatives: פְּרוֹטֶקְצְיוֹנִיזְם, פְּרוֹטֶקְצִיּוֹנִיסְט. cp. דֶּטֶקְטוֹר.

פְּרוֹטֶקְצְיוֹנִיזְם m.n. FW protectionism. [Formed from L. protectio (see פְּרוֹטֶקְצְיָה) with suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פְּרוֹטֶקְצִיּוֹנִיסְט m.n. FW protectionist. [Formed from L. prōtēctiō (see פּֽרוֹטֶקֽצְיָה) with suff. ◌ִיסְט.]

פְּרוֹטְרוֹט m.n. PBH 1 small change. 2 small number. [Prob. formed from פּֽרוּטָה through reduplication of the second and third radical.]

פֵּרוּי m.n. PBH productivity. [From פרה.]

פַּרְוַֽיִם m.n. pl. prob. a name of a territory (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Chron. II 3:6 in the phrase זְהַב פֻּרְוַיִם, ‘gold of Parvayim’).

פְּרוֹיֶקְט m.n. FW project. [L. prōjectum (= something thrown forth or before), subst. use of prōjectus, p. part. of prōjacere (= to throw forth or before, throw down), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ) and jacere (= to throw, cast). See סוּבְּיֶקְט.]

פֵּרוּךּ m.n. MH breaking, crushing. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַךְ (= he broke, crushed), Pi. of פרך. cp. Aram. פֵּירוּכָא (= broken corn, grist).]

פָּרוּךְ adj. PBH broken, crushed. [Pass. part. of פָּרַךְ. See פרך.]

פָּרוֹל m.n. FW parole. [Fren. parole (= word), from Vulgate L. * paraula, from L. parabola (= comparison, parable, speech), from Gk. parabole. See פָּרַבּוֹלָה.]

פְּרוֹלוֹג m.n. FW prologue. [Gk. prologos (= a speech beforehand, a prologue), from pro (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ), and logos (= speech). See לוֹגוֹס and cp. אֶפִּילוֹג.]

פְּרוֹלֵיטָרִי adj. FW proletary. [Formed with suff. ◌ִי from L. prōletārius (= belonging to that class of citizens who owing to their poverty could serve the State only by having children), from prōlēs (= offspring, children, descendants), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and base * al- (= to nourish), whence also L. alere (= to nourish). See אַלְט.]

פְּרוֹלֶטַרְיוֹן m.n. FW proletariat. [Fren. prolétariat, from L. prōlētārius. See פְּרוֹלֵיטָרִי.]

פָּרוּם adj. torn, rent (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 13:45 in the m. pl.). [Pass. part. of פָּרַם. See פרם.]

פְּרוֹמִיל m.n. FW pro mille. [From L. prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and mille (= thousand). See מִיל ᴵ.]

פְּרוֹמֶנָדָה f.n. FW promenade. [Fren. promenade, from promener (= to take somebody out for a walk), se promener (= to take a walk), from Late L. prōmināre (= to drive forward), from prō (see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and mināre (= to drive).]

פַּרְוָן m.n. NH 1 fur maker. 2 fur seller, furrier. [Formed from פַּרְוָה with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּרְוָנוּת.

פָּרוֹנוֹמַסְיָה f.n. FW paronomasia. [Gk. paronomasia (= play upon words which sound similar), from paronomazein (= to call with a slight change of name; lit. ‘to name beside’), from para (= beside; see פָּרַ◌), and onomazein (= to call, name), from onoma (= name). See נוֹמִינָלִי.]

פַּרְוָנוּת f.n. NH fur trade, fur business. [Formed from פַּרְוָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּרְוַנְקָא m.n. PBH messenger, letter carrier. [Pers. parwānak.]

פָּרוּס adj. PBH spread out; sliced (bread). [Pass. part. of פָּרַס. See פרס ᴵ and cp. פָּרוּשׂ.] Derivative: פּֽרוּסָה.

פֵּרוּס m.n. NH decentralization. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַס (= he spread), Pi. of פרס ᴵ.]

פְּרוֹס m.n. PBH 1 half. PBH 2 half a month. NH 3 the time before. [From פרס ᴵᴵ; properly inf. construction of פָּרַס.]

פּֽרוֹסְבּוּל see פְּרוֹזֽבּוּל.

פְּרוּסָה f.n. PBH slice of bread. [Short for פַּתפּֽרוּסָה (= sliced bread); פּֽרוּסָה is f. of פָּרוּס.]

פְּרוֹסוֹדְיָה f.n. FW prosody. [Gk. prosodia (= a song sung with accompaniment), from pros (= toward, to, against; at, hard by, near), and ode (= song).]

פְּרוֹסְפֶּקְט m.n. FW prospectus. (Eng. prospectus, from L. prōspectus (= lookout, prospect), from prōspectus, p. part. of prōspicere (= to look forward), from prō (= before, for), and specere, spicere (= to look at), which is related to speciēs (= sight, look, appearance, kind). See סְפֶּצֽיָאלִי.]

פָּרֽוּעַ ᴵ adj. 1 wild, disorderly, unruly. 2 let loose. PBH 3 bare-headed. [Pass. part. of פָּרַע. See פרע ᴵ.]

פָּרֽוּעַ ᴵᴵ adj. PBH paid. [Pass. part. of פָּרַע. See פרע ᴵᴵ.]

פֵּרֽוּעַ m.n. PBH 1 uncovering. 2 uncovering himself to relieve himself. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַע (= he uncovered, uncovered himself to relieve himself), Pi. of פרע ᴵ.]

פְּרוֹפָּגַנְדָּה f.n. FW propaganda. [From L. prōpāgandā in Congregātiō dē prōpāgandā fidē (lit. ‘congregation for the propagation of faith’), name of the committee of cardinals, established in 1622 by Pope Gregory XV. In this name prōpāgandā is f. ablative sing, of prōpāgandus, gerundive of prōpāgāre (= to fasten, peg down, set slips; to propogate), from prōpāgēs (= a set, layer of a plant), from prō (= before, for), and pāĝ-, base of pangere (= to fasten, fix). See פָּצִיפִיזְם.]

פְּרוֹפּוֹרְצְיָה f.n. FW proportion. [Fren. proportion, from L. prōportiō, which was formed from the phrase pro portione (= for his part or share), from pro (= before, for), and portio (= part, share).]

פָּרוּף adj. PBH clasped, fastened. [Pass. part. of פָּרַף. See פרף.]

פְּרוֹפּוֹרְצְיוֹנִי adj. FW proportional. [Formed from פּֽרוֹפּוֹרֽצְיָה with suff. ◌ִי. cp. פּֽרוֹפּוֹרֽצֽיוֹנָלִי.]

פְּרוֹפּוֹרְצְיוֹנָלִי adj. FW proportional. [L. proportiōnalis (= pertaining to proportion, proportional), from proportiō, gen. proportiōnis. See פְּרוֹפּוֹרֽצְיָה and suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּרוֹפִיל m.n. FW profile. [It. profilo, proffilo (= drawing in outline), from profilare, proffilare (= to draw in outline, to outline), from pro, from L. prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and filo (= thread, line), from L. fīlum. See ‘file’ (= collection of papers) in my CEDEL and cp. נִיהִילִיזְם.]

פְּרוֹפִילַקְטִי adj. FW prophylactic (medicine). [Gk. prophylaktikos, from prophylassein (= to guard against, ward off), from pro- (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and phylassein (= to watch, guard), which is of uncertain origin. cp. פּֽרוֹפִילַקְטִיקָה.]

פְּרוֹפִילַקְטִיקָה f.n. FW prophylaxis (medicine). [From Gk. prophylaktikos. See פְּרוֹפִילַקְטִי.]

פְּרוֹפֶּלֶּר m.n. FW propeller. [Eng. propeller, from the verb propel, from L. prōpellere (= to drive forward, propel), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and pellere (= to drive). See אִימְפּוּלְס.]

פְּרוֹפֶסּוֹר m.n. FW professor. [L. prōfessor (= a public teacher, one who makes teaching his business), from prōfessus, p. part. of prōfitērī (= to declare publicly, confess openly), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and fatērī (= to confess, own, acknowledge), from the stem of fārī (= to speak), whence also fāma (= report, rumor), fabula (= narrative, account, tale, story). See פַבּוּלָה and cp. פְּרוֹפֶסְיוֹנָלִי.]

פְּרוֹפֶסְיוֹנָלִי adj. FW professional. [From L. prōfessiō (= public declaration, avowal, profession), from prōfessus. See פּֽרוֹפֶסוֹר and first suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL. For the ending of פּֽרוֹפָסְיוֹנָלִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּרוּץ adj. PBH 1 broken, ruined, destroyed. 2 dissolute, licentious, obscene. 3 unruly, lawless. [Pass. part. of פָּרַץ. See פרץ.] Derivative: פְּרוּצָה.

פְּרוֹצֶדוּרָה f.n. NH procedure. [Fren. procédure, from procéder (= to proceed), from L. prōcēdere (= to go forward, advance), from prō (= before, for; see פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and cēdere (= to go, go away, withdraw), which prob. stands for * cezdere, from the demonstrative particle ce-, and IE base * sed- (= to go). See ‘cede’ in my CEDEL and cp. the second element in פְּרוֹצֶס. For the ending of פּֽרוֹצֶדוּרָה see suff. ‘-ure’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרוּצָה f.n. PBH a prostitute. [Special sense of the f. of פָּרוּץ.] Derivative: פְּרִיצוּת ᴵᴵ.

פְּרוֹצֶנְט m.n. FW per cent. [From L. prō (= for), and centum (= hundred). See פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ and צֶנְטְרָלִיזֽם.]

פְּרוֹצֶס m.n. FW process. [L. prōcessus (= a going forward, advance), from prō (= before, for), and cēdere (= to go). See פּֽרוֹצֶדוּרָה.]

פֵּרוּק m.n. PBH 1 breaking up, decomposition. NH 2 liquidation. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַק (= he broke up), Pi. of פרק.]

פָּרוּק adj. PBH unloaded. [Pass. part. of פָּרַק (= he unloaded). See פרק.]

פְּרוֹקְלָמַצְיָה f.n. FW proclamation. [L. prōclāmātiō (= a calling out, outcry), from prōclāmātus, p. part of prōclāmāre (= to call out, cry out), from prō (= before, for; see פּֽרוֹ◌ ᴵ), and clāmāre (= to shout, call, cry, declare), which is related to clā-rus (= clear, bright), from IE base * klā- (= to shout, resound). See קָלֶנְדָּא.]

פָּרוּר m.n. pot, kettle. [Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars it derives from base פור (= to boil), whence also Arab. fāra (= it boiled, fermented), and lit. means ‘boiling’. cp. פָּארוּר.]

פַּרְוָר m.n. (also spelled פַּרֽבָּר) 1 structure attached to the Western side of Solomon’s temple (in the Bible occurring only Kin. II 23:11 in the pl.). NH 2 suburb. [Possibly a loan word from Pers. farwār (= open kiosque; lit.: ‘light bearer’).]

פֵּרוּר m.n. PBH crumbling. PBH 2 crumb of bread. NH 3 fragment. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַר (= he crumbed, crumbled), Pi. of פרר ᴵᴵ.]

פָּרוּשׂ adj. stretched, extended. [Pass. part. of פָּרַשׂ. See פרשׂ ᴵ and cp. פָּרוּס.]

פֵּרוּשׁ m.n. PBH 1 explanation, commentary. NH 2 interpretation. [Verbal n. of פֵּרַשׁ (= he explained, stated clearly), Pi. of פרשׁ ᴵ.]

פָּרוּשׁ ᴵ adj. & m.n. PBH 1 seceder. 2 abstemious, saintly. 3 Pharisee. [Pass. part. of פָּרַשׁ. See פרשׁ ᴵᴵ.]

פָּרוּשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. NH finch, Fringilla caelebs (bird). [Properly the same word as פָּרוּשׁ ᴵ. The bird is so called because the males fly before the females, in order to prepare a hatching place for the latter, who follow them separately.]

פְּרוֹתֶזָה f.n. FW prosthesis (surgery). [L. prosthesis, from Gk. prosthesis (= an addition), from prostithenai (= to put to, add to), from pros (= toward, to, against, before; see פְּרוֹזְבּוּל), and tithenai (= to put, place). See תִּיק and cp. תֶּזָה and words there referred to.]

פרז ᴵ to decentralize.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַז he decentralized.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַז was decentralized. [Base of the words פִּרֽזָה, פּֽרָזִי, פְּרָזוֹן. The original meaning of this base is prob. ‘to be open’. Perhaps it is related to Arab. baraza (= went in the open field), barāz (= wide and open region; cp. Heb. פִּרְזָה). Perhaps related also to פרץ (= to spread, extend).] Derivatives: פָּרוּז, פֵּרוּז, מְפֹרָז.

פרז ᴵᴵ to go beyond, exceed.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיז PBH 1 he went beyond; MH 2 he exaggerated.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְרַז was exaggerated.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַז was exaggerated. [Prob. a special sense of פרז ᴵ and orig. meaning ‘to extend’, so that הִפְרִיז would lit. mean ‘he extended the border, exceeded the limit’. However, according to some scholars פרז ᴵᴵ is not related to פרז ᴵ, but to Arab. faraza (= he set apart, separated, isolated).] Derivatives: הַפְרָזָה, מֻפֽרָז.

פָּרָז m.n. prob. meaning ‘chief’ or ‘warrior’ (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Hab. 3:14). [Of uncertain origin.]

פִּרְזָה f.n. open region, unwalled town. [Formed from פרז ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְרָזָה f.n. FW phrase. [Gk. phrasis (= speech, expression, phrase), from phrazein (= to point out, show, tell), which is of uncertain origin. cp. the first element in פְרָזֵיאוֹלוֹגְיֶה and the second element in פָּרַפֽרָזָה.]

פִּרְזוּל m.n. NH 1 shoeing (a horse). 2 fixing ironwork (in a house). [Verbal n. of פִּרְזֵל. See פרזל.]

פְּרָזוֹן m.n. dwellers of an open country (occurring only Jud. 5:1 and 11). [Formed from פרז, with suff. ◌וֹן.]

פְּרָזוֹת f.n. pl. of פִּרֽזָה (q.v.).

פְּרָזִי adj. dwellers of the open country. [Formed from פרז, with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְרָזֵיאוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW phraseology. [Compounded of Gk. phrasis (= speech, expression, phrase), and logia, from logos. See פְרָזָה and ◌לוֹגְיָה.]

פְּרֶזִידֶנְט m.n. FW president. [Fren. président, from L. praesidentem, accusative of praesidēns, pres. part. of praesidēre (= to sit in front of, guard, watch, protect), from prae (= before), and sedēre (= to sit). For the etymology of L. prae see פְּרֵי◌, for that of L. sedēre see אַכְסַדְרָה. For the ending of Fren. président see suff. ‘-ent’ in my CEDEL.]

פָּרָזִיט m.n. FW parasite. [Gk. parasitos (= parasite), lit.: ‘eating beside somebody’, from para (= beside; see פָּרֵ◌), and sitos (= food), which is of uncertain origin.]

פָּרָזִיטוֹלוֹג m.n. FW parasitologist. [Back formation from פָּרָזִיטוֹלוֹגְיָה.]

פָּרָזִיטוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW parasitology. [Compounded of Gk. parasitos (see פָּרָזִיט), and - logia (see ◌לוֹגְיָה).] Derivative: פָּרָזִיטִיּוּת.

פָּרָזִיטִיּוּת f.n. FW parasitism. [Formed from פָּרָזִיט with suff. ◌וּת.]

פרזל to shoe (a horse); to fix ironwork (in a house).
    — Pi. - פִּרְזֵל 1 he shod (a horse); 2 he fixed ironwork (in a house).
    — Pu. - פֻּרֽזַל 1 was shod (said of a horse); 2 ironwork was fixed (in a house). [Denominated from Aram. פַּרְזְלָא (= iron), which is related to Heb. בַּרְזֶל (of s.m.).] Derivatives: פַּרֽזָל, פִּרְזוּל, מְפֻרְזָל.

פַּרְזָל m.n. NH shoer (of horses), blacksmith. [Denominated from פרזל.]

פרח ᴵ to sprout, bud, shoot, blossom, bloom, flourish.
    — Qal - פָּרַח 1 it sprouted, budded, shooted, blossomed, bloomed, flourished; 2 it broke forth, broke out (said of leprosy).
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיחַ intr. v. 1 he caused to blossom, brought forth; 2 it blossomed, bloomed, flourished.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפָּרַח it blossomed, brought forth. [JAram. פְּרַח (= it bloomed), אַפֽרַח (of s.m.), Syr. פַּרֽחָא (= flower), Arab. farḫ (= shoot, sprout of a plant or a tree), farraḫa (= it sprouted, germinated, put out new shoots — said of a tree), Akka. parāḫu (= to sprout), pirḫu (= sprout), Egypt. prḫ (= blossom). cp. פרח ᴵᴵ. cp. also אֶפְרוֹחַ.] Derivatives: פֶּרַח, פּוֹרֵחַ ᴵ, פּֽרִיחָה ᴵ, הַפְרָחָה, מֽפֹרָח, תִּפֽרַחַת.

פרח ᴵᴵ to fly.
    — Qal - פָּרַח it flew.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיחַ 1 he caused to fly; 2 he spread, extended.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְרַח 1 was flown; 2 was spread, was extended.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרַח it flew. [Aram.–Syr. פּֽרַח (= it flew), Syr. פָּרַחְתָּא (= insect, bird). Possibly a special sense development of פרח ᴵ, taken in the meaning ‘to extend’. It is more prob., however, that פרח ᴵᴵ is a secondary form of ברח (= to flee). It is uncertain whether אֶפְרוֹחַ (= young bird), is a derivative of base פרח ᴵᴵ (as if it meant lit. ‘that which flies’). It is more prob. that it derives from פרח ᴵ. See אֶפְרוֹחַ and cp. רחף.] Derivatives: פּוֹרֵחַ ᴵᴵ, פּֽרִיחָה ᴵᴵ, הַפְרָחָה ᴵᴵ, מֻפְרָח.

פֶּֽרַח m.n. 1 bud, blossom, flower. 2 flower-shaped ornament. PBH 3 young man, tyro. [From פרח ᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּרְחוֹנִי, פִּרֽחִי, perhaps also פִּרְחָח.

פִּרְחוֹנִי adj. NH flowery. [Formed from פֶּרַח with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

פִּרְחָח m.n. 1 youngster. NH 2 hooligan, larrikin (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 30:12, prob. meaning ‘youngster’). [Of uncertain origin; perhaps derived from פֶּרַח.] Derivatives: פרחח, פִּרְחָחוּת, פִּרְחָחִי.

פרחח to behave like a youngster (used in an evil sense), behaved mischievously.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּרֽחַח he behaved like a youngster, behaved mischievously. [Denominated from פִּרְחָח.] Derivative: הִתֽפַּרֽחֲחוּת.

פִּרְחָחוּת f.n. NH hooliganism, mischievousness, larrikinism. [Formed from פִּרְחָח with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּרְחָחִי adj. NH larrikin, mischievous. [Formed from פִּרֽחָח with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

פִּרְחִי adj. MH flowery. [Formed from פֶּרַח with suff. ◌ִי.]

פרט ᴵ to break off, divide, separate, detach; to specify; to change into small money.
    — Qal - פָּרַט 1 he separated, detached; 2 he specified, detailed; 3 he changed into small money; MH 4 he parted (his lips).
    — Niph. - נִפְרַט 1 was separated; 2 was specified, was detailed; 3 נִפְרֽטוּ (pl.), were parted — said of the lips.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַט he specified, detailed.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַט PBH 1 was divided into parts; NH 2 was specified, was detailed.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵט NH 1 was divided, was specified; PBH 2 was separated, opened wide.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיט MH 1 he divided into parts; NH 2 he separated, opened wide. [Aram. פְּרַט (= he specified), Syr. פְּרַט (= he rent, tore away), Arab. faraṭa (= he knocked down fruit). cp. פרט ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פֶּרֶט ᴵ, פֶּרֶט ᴵᴵ, פְּרָט, פְּרָטָה, פֵּרוּט, פְּרוּטָה, פְּרִיט, פְּרִיטָה ᴵ, הַפְרָטָה, הִפָּרְטוּת, הִתְפָּרְטוּת, מִפְרָט, מְפֹרָט, תַּפְרִיט.

פרט ᴵᴵ to play a musical instrument.
    — Qal - פָּרַט he played a musical instrument (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Amos 6:5 in the form פֹּרְטִים).
    — Pi. - פֵּרַט it cried (said of a gazelle). [Prob. meaning lit.: ‘to pluck the strings’ (of an instrument), hence a special sense development of פרט ᴵ. Some scholars compare פרט ᴵᴵ with Arab. fāriṭ (= improvisor), others connect פרט ᴵᴵ with Samaritan פרט (= to sing hymns or psalms).] Derivatives: פָּרוּט, פְּרִיטָה ᴵᴵ, מַפְרֵט, פַּרְטִית, תַּפְרִיט.

פֶּֽרֶט ᴵ m.n. dropped berries (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 19:10). [From פרט ᴵ, whence also JAram. פִּרְטָא.]

פֶּֽרֶט ᴵᴵ m.n. NH 1 small change (of money). 2 odd number. 3 detailed list. 4 job (printing). [From פרט ᴵ.]

פְּרָט m.n. PBH single thing, detail, unit. [From פרט ᴵ.] Derivatives: פְּרָטוּת, פְּרָטִי, פַּרְטָן. cp. פְּרָטָה.

פְּרָטָה f.n. NH inventory. [Formed after Aram. פּֽרָטָא. See פּֽרָט.]

פְּרָטוּת f.n. NH detail. [Formed from פְּרָט with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרָטִי adj. MH 1 individual. 2 particular. 3 private. [Formed from פּֽרָט with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פְּרָטִיּוּת.

פְּרָטִיּוּת f.n. MH 1 individuality. 2 privacy. [Formed from פּֽרָט with suff. ◌ִיוּת.]

פַּרְטִיזָן m.n. FW partisan, partizan. [Fren. partisan, from It. partigian, from It. parte (= part, party), from L. pars (= part), which is related to portiō (= share, portion), etc. All these words derive from IE base * per– (= to assign, allot), which is prob. ult. identical with base * per– (= equal; to sell, to buy), whence L. pār (= equal). See ‘pair’ in my CEDEL and cp. the first element in פּֽרוֹזֽבּוּל. cp. also פַּרֽטִיטוּרָה, פַּרְטִיק רִי[[illegible]], and the second element in פּֽרוֹפוֹרֽצֽיִ[[illegible]].] Derivative: פַּרְטִיזָנִיּוּת.

פַּרְטִיזָנִיּוּת f.n. FW partisanship, partizanship. [Formed from פַּרְטִיזָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּרֽטִיטוּרָה f.n. FW partitura (music). [It. partitura, from partito, p. part. of partire (= to divide, to go away), from L. partīre, partiri (= to divide), from pars (= part). See פַּרְטִיזָן. For the ending of It. partitura see suff. ‘–ure’ in my CEDEL.]

פַּרְטִיקוּלָרִי adj. FW particular. [L. particulāris (= concerning a small part), from particula (= a small part), from pars (= part). See פַּרְטִיזָן. For the L. ending - cula see suff. ‘-cule’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פַּרְטִיקוּלָרִיזְם.

פַּרְטִיקוּלָרִיזְם m.n. FW particularism. [Formed from פַּרֽטִיקוּלָרִי with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פַּרְטִית f.n. NH part (in music). [Formed from פרט ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌ִית.]

פַּרְטָן m.n. NH caseworker (social work). [Formed from פּֽרָט (= individual) and agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּרְטָנוּת, פַּרֽטָנִי.

פְּרֶטֶנְדֶּנְט m.n. FW pretender. [From L. praetendere (= to stretch forth, pretend), which is formed from prae (= before; see פְּרֵי◌), and tendere (= to stretch, extend). See ‘tend’ (= to move in a certain direction) in my CEDEL and cp. פְּרֶטֶנְסֽיָה.]

פַּרְטָנוּת f.n. NH case study (sociology). [Formed from פַּרֽטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּרְטָנִי adj. NH individual, singular. [Formed from פַּרְטָן with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּרֶטֶנְסְיָה f.n. FW pretense. [Fren. prétense, from Med. L. praetēnsa, subst. use of the f. of Late L. praetēnsus, corresponding to L. praetentus, p. part. of praetendere. See פְּרֶטֶנְדֶּנְט and suff. ◌יָה.]

פְּרִי m.n. (pl. פֵרוֹת) , 1 fruit. 2 offspring: 3 product. 4 profit, interest. [From פרה. cp. Phoen. פר, Aram. פֵּירָא, Syr. פֵּארָא (= fruit), Akka. piru (= posterity).]

פֶּרִי◌ pref. FW peri- (used in words of Greek origin in the sense ‘around, about, enclosing’). [Gk. peri–, from peri (= around, about, beyond), cogn. with Old I. pári (= around, about, through), Gk. para (= from beside, beyond, against, contrary to). See פָּרַ◌.]

פְּרֵי◌, פְּרֶ◌ pref. FW pre-, prae- (meaning ‘before’ both in time and place). [L. prae– (whence Fren. pré-) (= before), cogn. with Old I. parḗ (= thereupon), Gk. parai (= at), etc. See ‘fore’ (adv.) in my CEDEL and cp. the first element in פּֽרָזִידֶנֽט, פּֽרָסְטוֹ, and in פַּלְטֵרִין.]

פְּרִיבִילֶגְיָה f.n. privilege. [L. prīvilegium (= a bill of law in favor or against an individual), compounded of prīvus (= single, private), and lēg–, stem of lēx (= law). The first element stands for * prei-os, and is related to per– (= through), prō (= for); prīvus, lit. means ‘standing for itself’ (see פֶּר◌ and פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ, and cp. פְּרִימָה and פְּרִימוּס). For the etymology of the second element see לֶגִיטִימִי.]

פְרִיגָטָה f.n. FW frigate. [It. fregata, from Neapolitan fregate, which prob. derives from Gk. aphraktos (= unfenced; not decked — said of ships), from Gk. pref. ἀ– (see privative pref. ‘a–’ in my CEDEL), and phrassein (= to fence, enclose), which is cogn. with L. farcīre (= to stuff). See ‘farce’ (to stuff, cram), in my CEDEL.]

פְּרִידָה ᴵ PBH parting, separation. [Verbal n. of פָּרַד; see פרד and first suff. ◌ָה.] The word פְּרִידָה ᴵ was coined by Rashi (1040–1105).]

פְּרִידָה ᴵᴵ f.n. FW piece. [Of the same origin as פְּרִידָה ᴵ.]

פְּרִידָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. PBH one of a pair of pigeons. [Derived from פרד (= to separate), hence lit. meaning ‘a single (bird)’, and so called because, as a rule, birds were sacrificed in pairs only. פְּרִידָה in this sense has nothing to do with Gk. pterides (= winged creatures), as several lexicographers would have it.]

פְּרִיָּה f.n. PBH 1 fruitfulness. 2 cohabitation. [Verbal n. of פָּרָה. See פרה and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּרְיָה m.n. FW (pl. פַּרְיוֹת) pariah. [Tamil paraiyar, pl. of paraiyan (= hereditary drummer), from paŗai (= a large drum); so called because it was pariahs who used to beat the drums at certain festivals.]

פְּרֵיהִיסְטוֹרִי adj. FW prehistoric. [Formed from פּֽרֵי◌ and הִיסְטוֹרִי.]

פְּרֵיהִיסְטוֹרְיָה f.n. FW prehistory. [Formed from פְּרֵי◌ and הִיסְטוֹרְיָה.]

פֶּרְיוֹדָה f.n. period. [Gk. periodos (= circuit, compass, cycle, period of time), lit. (= way round), from peri (= around, about; see פֶּרִי◌), and odos (= way), for the etymology of which see מֶתּוֹדָה.] Derivative: פֶּרְיוֹדִי.

פֶּרְיוֹדִי adj. FW periodic. [Formed from פֶּרְיוֹדָה with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פֶּרְיוֹדִיּוּת.

פֶּרְיוֹדִיּוּת f.n. FW periodicity. [Formed from פֶּרֽיוֹדִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּרְיוֹן m.n. NH fertility, fecundity, productivity. [Formed from פרה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פְּרִיזְמָה f.n. FW prism. [Gk. prisma (= something sawn off, prism), from prisein (= to saw). For the ending of Gk. prisma see suff. ‘-ma’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרִיחָה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 eruption of the skin. MH 2 blossoming, blooming. [Verbal n. of פָּרַח. See פרח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִיחָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH flying, flight. [Verbal n. of פָּרַח. See פרח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּרִיט m.n. NH item. [From פרט.]

פְּרִיטָה ᴵ f.n. NH changing (money). [Verbal n. of פָּרַט ᴵ. See פרט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְרִיטָה ᴵᴵ f.n. NH playing (on a musical instrument). [Verbal n. of פָּרַט. See פרט ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּרִיטֶטִי adj. FW parity (adj.). [From L. paritās (= equality), from pār (= equal). See פַּרְטִיזָן and suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּרִיךְ ᴵ adj. NH crushable, brittle, fragile. [Coined from פרך (= to crush, break), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: פּֽרִיכוּת.

פָּרִיךְ ᴵᴵ m.n. MH crumb. [From פרך.]

פְּרִיכָה f.n. PBH crushing, breaking. [Verbal n. of פָּרַךְ. See פרך and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִיכוּת f.n. NH brittleness, fragility. [Formed from פָּרִיךְ, adj., with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרִימָדוֹנָה f.n. FW prima donna. [It., lit.: ‘first lady’, from prima, from L. prīma, f. of prīmus (= first), and donna, from L. domina (= lady, mistress). See פְּרִימָה ᴵᴵ and דּוֹנָה.]

פְּרִימָה ᴵ f.n. PBH ripping (of a garment). [Verbal n. of פָּרֵם. See פרם and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִימָה ᴵᴵ f.n. FW prima (music). [Old Fren. prime, f. of prin, which derives from L. prīmus (= first), which stands for * prismus, superlative of L. * prīs-, an adverb meaning ‘before’ and occurring also in prīs-cus (= old, ancient, primitive). L. * prīs is related to prae (= before). See פְּרֵי◌, and cp. פְּרִימָט, פְּרִימִיטִיבִי, פְּרֶמְיֶר and the first element in פְּרִינְצִיפּ.]

פְּרִימָט m.n. FW primacy, priority. [From L. prīmus (= first; see פְּרִימָדוֹנָה). For the ending of the word פְּרִימָט see second suff. ‘–ate’ in my CEDEL.]

פֶּרִימֶטֶר m.n. FW perimeter. [Gk. perimetros, from peri (= around, about; see פֶּרִי◌), and metron (= measure). See מֶטֶר.]

פְּרִימִיטִיבִי adj. FW primitive. [L. prīmitīvus (= the first of its kind), from prīmus (= first). See פְּרִימָה ᴵᴵ and suff. ◌ִה. For the L. ending - īvus see suff. ‘-ive’ in my CEDEL.] Derivative: פּֽרִימִיטִיבִיּוּת.

פְּרִימִיטִיבִיּוּת f.n. FW primitiveness. [Formed from פּֽרִימִיטִיבִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרִימִיטִיבִיזְם m.n. FW primitivism. [Formed from L. prīmitīvus (see פּֽרִימִיטִיבִי) with suff. ◌ִיזְם.]

פְּרִינְצִיפּ m.n. FW principle. [L. prīncipium (= beginning, origin), from prīnceps (= the first man, chief, leader), from * prīmō-capus (= one occupying the first place), from prīmus (= first), and the stem of capere (= to take, hold). See פּֽרִימָה ᴵᴵ and קֻפְסָה.] Derivative: פּֽרִינֽצִיפְּיוֹנִי.

פְּרִינְצִיפְּיוֹנִי adj. FW of principle. [Formed from פְּרִינְצִיפּ with suff. ◌וֹנִי.]

פְּרִיסָה ᴵ f.n. MH spreading. [Verbal n. of פָּרַס. See פרס ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. פְּרִישָׂה.]

פְּרִיסָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH slicing (of bread). [Verbal n. of פָּרַס. See פרס ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פֶּרִיסְקוֹפּ m.n. FW periscope. [Formed from Gk. peri (= around, about), and skopein (= to look at, examine). See פֶּרִי◌ and ◌סְקוֹפּ.]

פְּרִיעָה ᴵ f.n. PBH letting the hair grow in neglect. [Verbal n. of פָּרַע. See פרע ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִיעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH paying of debt. [Verbal n. of פָּרַע. See פרע ᴵᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִיעָה ᴵᴵᴵ f.n. NH causing a disturbance, destruction. [Verbal n. of פָּרַע. See פּרע ᴵV and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִיפָה f.n. MH 1 fastening. NH 2 safety pin. [Verbal n. of פָּרַף. See פרף and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פֶּרִיפֶרְיָה f.n. FW periphery. [Gk. periphereia (= circumference), lit. ‘a carrying round’, from peripherein (= to carry round), from peri (= around, about), and pherein (= to bear, carry). See פֶּרִי◌ and אֲנָפוֹרָה.]

פָּרִיץ m.n. 1 violent man, lawless man, robber. NH 2 landowner (in Poland). [From פרץ. cp. פְּרִיץ.]

פְּרִיץ m.n. wild, savage, cruel. [From פרץ. According to most lexicographers פְּרִיץ is nothing but the c. st. of פָּרִיץ; however, since the Qamatz in פָּרִיץ is unchangeable, the c. st. must also be פָּרִיץ. Accordingly we have to differentiate between פָּרִיץ and פּֽרִיץ, which stand to each other as אַבִּיר stands to אֲבִיר.]

פְּרִיצָה f.n. PBH 1 breaking, making a breach. NH 2 breaking in, burglary. [Verbal n. of פָּרַץ. See פרץ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִיצוּת ᴵ f.n. MH licentiousness. [From פָּרוּץ.]

פְּרִיצוּת ᴵᴵ f.n. MH prostitution. [From פְּרוּצָה. For the ending see suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּרִיק adj. NH 1 detachable, dismountable. 2 decomposable; reducible (mathematics). [Coined from פרק according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: פְּרִיקוּת.

פְּרִיקָה f.n. NH 1 unloading. PBH 2 dismounting, decomposition. PBH 3 shaking off fruit. [Verbal n. of פָּרַק. See פרק and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִיקוּת f.n. NH 1 detachability, dismountability. 2 (mathematics) decomposability, reducibility. [Formed from פָּרִיק with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּרִיר adj. NH crumby, friable. [Coined from פרר (= to crumb), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: פְּרִירוּת.

פְּרִירָה f.n. MH breaking into crumbs, crumbing. [Verbal n. of פָּרַר. See פרר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִירוּת f.n. NH crumbiness, friability. [Formed from פָּרִיר with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּרִישׂ adj. NH spreadable. [Coined from פרשׂ (= to spread), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.] Derivative: פּֽרִישׂוּת.

פָּרִישׁ ᴵ m.n. PBH quince. [Of uncertain origin.]

פָּרִישׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. MH 1 spur. MH 2 bird’s claw. [From Aram.–Syr. פְּרָשָׁא (= goad), which is of uncertain origin.]

פְּרִישָׂה f.n. MH spreading. [Verbal n. of פַּרַשׂ. See פרשׂ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִישָׁה f.n. PBH 1 separation. PBH 2 abstinence. NH 3 retirement. [Verbal n. of פָּרַשׁ. See פרשׁ and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּרִישׂוּת f.n. MH spreadability. [Formed from פָּרִישׂ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרִישׁוּת f.n. PBH 1 abstinence. 2 separation, parting, departure. [Formed from פרשׁ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פרך to break, crush, rub, grind, crumble.
    — Qal - פָּרַךְ he broke, crushed, rubbed, ground, crumbled.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַךְ was broken, was crushed, crumbled.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַךְ he broke, crushed, crumbled.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵךְ was broken, was crushed, was crumbled.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיךְ PBH 1 he broke, crushed; MH 2 he refuted, confuted.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְרַךְ was refuted, was confuted. [Aram.–Syr. פְּרַךְ (= he broke, rubbed, crushed, crumbled), Arab. faraka (= he rubbed, pressed), Akka. parāku (= to display violence). cp. פכר.] Derivatives: פֶּרֶךְ, פָּרוּךְ, פֵּרוּךְ, פָּרִיךְ ᴵ, פָּרִיךְ ᴵᴵ, פְּרִיכָה, פַּרְכָן, הַפְרָכָה, מֻפְרָךְ, מַפֽרֵכָה. cp. פָּרָךְ, פִּרֽכָה.

פֶּֽרֶךְ m.n. oppression, severity. [From פרך. The lit. meaning of פֶּרֶךְ prob. is ‘breaking, crushing’.]

פָּרָךְ m.n. PBH gridiron. [Prob. derived from פרך (= to break).]

פִּרְכָא, פִּרְכָה f.n. MH refutation. [From Aram. פִּירֽכָא (of s.m.), derived from פְּרַךְ (= he broke, crushed). See פרך.]

פִּרְכּוּס ᴵ m.n. PBH (also פִּרְקוּס) 1 painting, dyeing the hair. 2 adornment, embellishment. [Verbal n. of פִּרְכֵּס. See פרכס ᴵ.]

פִּרְכּוּס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH jerking spasm, convulsion. [Verbal n. of פִּרְכֵּס. See פרכס ᴵᴵ.]

פִּרְכִּיל, פַּרְכִּיר m.n. PBH twig with grapes. [Related to Syr. פַּרְכֵּל (= he bound, tied, shackled), פּוּרֽכָּלָא (= bond, strap, shackle). The verb פרכל developed from פּֽכַרְכַּר, reduplication of פּֽכַר (= he bound, tied). Accordingly the orig. form of the word was פַּרְכִּיר whence (with dissimilation) פַרְכִּיל.]

פַּרְכָן m.n. MH refuter, confuter. [Formed from פרך with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פרכס ᴵ (also spelled פרקס) to paint, dye the hair; to adorn, embellish.
    — Pi. - פִּרְכֵּס he painted, dyed the hair, adorned, embellished.
    — Pu. - פֻּרֽכַּס was painted, was dyed (said of the hair), was adorned, was embellished.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּרְכֵּס he painted, adorned himself, embellished himself, made up. [Of uncertain origin. It is perhaps enlarged from פקס ᴵ (= to paint). cp. פרכס ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּרְכּוּס ᴵ, הִתְפַּרְכְּסוּת, מְפֻרְכָּס.

פרכס ᴵᴵ to jerk, move convulsively.
    — Pi. - פִּרְכֵּס he jerked, moved convulsively.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּרֽכֵּס (of s.m.). [Of uncertain origin, possibly formed from Gk. phrix (= ruffling, ripple, or from phrixos (= shivering, shuddering), which are related to phrissein (= to be ruffled, to ripple; to shudder). These Greek words are of uncertain etymology.] Derivative: פִּרְכּוּס ᴵᴵ.

פָּרֹֽכֶת f.n. (pl. פָּרוֹכוֹת, also פָּרוֹכִיּוֹת) 1 curtain (before the Most Holy Place). MH 2 curtain (before the Holy Ark in the synagogue). NH 3 cover. [Related to Aram. פָּרוּכְתָּא, Syr. פְּרַכָּא, Akka. parāku (= to go across, bar), parakku (= apartment, shrine). Aram. פָּרוּכְתָּא (= curtain), and Syr. פְּרַכָּא (= shrine), are Heb. loan words.]

פְּרֶלִימִינָרִי adj. FW preliminary. [Modern L. praelīmināris, from L. prae (= before; see פְּרֵי◌), and līmen (= threshold), which is prob. related to līmes (= boundary, limit). See ‘limit’ (n.) in my CEDEL.]

פָּרַלֶּלוֹגְרַם m.n. FW parallelogram. [Gk. parallelogrammon, properly neuter of the adj. parallelogrammos (= bounded by parallel lines), from parallelos (= parallel), and the stem of graphein (= to write). See פָּרַלֶּלִי and ◌גְּרַם.]

פָּרַלֶּלִי adj. FW parallel. [Gk. parallelos, formed from para (= beside; see פָּרַ◌), and allelon (= of one another), from allall, contraction of allos–allon, lit. ‘the other’. See אַלֵּגוֹרֽיָה and cp. words there referred to. For the ending of פָּרַלֶּלִי see suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פָּרַלֶּלִיּוּת.

פָּרַלֶּלִיּוּת f.n. FW parallelism. [Formed from פָּרַלֶּלִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּרַלֶּלִיזְם m.n. FW parallelism. [Formed from Gk. parallelos (see פָּרַלֶּלִי) with suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פַּרְלָמֶנְט m.n. FW Parliament. [Fren. parlement, orig. meaning ‘speaking, talk’, from parler (= to speak), from Vulgate L. * paraulāre (= to speak), from Late L. parabolāre (= to speak in parables, to speak), from parabola (= parable, speech), whence also Fren. parole (= word). See פָּרַבּוֹלָה and suff. ◌מֶנֽט.]

פַּרְלָמֶנְטָרִי adj. FW parliamentary. [See פַּרֽלָמֶנְט and suff. ◌ָרִי.] Derivative: פַּרְלָמֶנְטָרִיזֽם.

פַּרְלָמֶנְטָרִיזְם m.n. FW parliamentarism. [Formed from פַּרְלָמֶנְטָרִי with suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פָּרַלַּקְסָה f.n. FW parallax. [Fren. parallaxe, from Gk. parallexis (= change), from paralassein (= to change), from para (= beside), and allassein (= to change), from allos (= other). See אַלֵּגוֹרְיָה and cp. words there referred to.]

פרם to tear open, rend (garment, clothes).
    — Qal - פָּרַם he tore, rent.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַם was torn, was rent, was unstitched.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַם he tore, rent, unstitched.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַם was torn, was rent, was unstitched.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵם (of s.m.). [Aram. פּֽרַם (= he cut, split; he chopped, hashed), Syr. פְּרַם (= he chopped, hashed, cut into little pieces), Arab. farama (= he chopped).] Derivatives: פָּרוּם, פְּרִימָה ᴵ.

פְּרֻמְבִּיָּה f.n. PBH halter. [From Gk. phorbeia (by which a horse is tied to the manger, mouthband), related to pherbein (= to feed, nourish). These words are of uncertain origin.]

פְּרֶמְיָה f.n. FW premium. [L. praemium (= reward, recompense), for * praiemiom, lit. ‘that which one receives before others’, from prae (= before), and emere (= to take).] See פְּרֵי◌ and אֶקֽסֶמְפּֽלָר.]

פְּרֶמְיֶר m.n. FW premier, prime minister. [Fren. premier (= first), from L. prīmārius (= of the first rank, primary), from prīmus (= first). See פּֽרִימָה ᴵᴵ and cp. פּֽרֶמְיֶרָה.]

פְּרֶמְיֶרָה f.n. FW première. [Fren. première, f. of premier. See פּֽרֶמְיֶר.]

פֶרְמֶנְט m.n. FW ferment. [Fren. ferment, from L. fermentum (= substance causing fermentation), from IE base * bher- (= to boil up, seethe), whence also Old I. bhuráti (= moves convulsively, quivers).]

פֶּרְמָנֶנְטִי adj. FW permanent [Fren. permanent, from L. permanēns, pres. part. of permanēre (= to endure, continue, remain), from per (= through), and manēre (= to remain). See פְּרֵי◌ and אִימָנֶנְטִי. For the ending of פֶּרְמָנֶנְטִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

פרן to pay dowry.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽרִין he paid dowry, endowed. [Denominated from Gk. pherne (= that which is brought by the wife, dowry, portion), a derivative of pherein (= to bear, carry). See אֲנָפוֹרָה.]

פָּרָן m.n. PBH lighthouse, pharos. [Gk. from pharos (= name of an island of Alexandria, on which King Ptolemy Philadelphus built a lighthouse).]

פָּרָנוֹיָה f.n. FW paranoia (medicine). [Medical L. paranoia, from Gk. paranoia (= derangement, madness), from paranous (= demented, distracted), from para (= beside; see פָּרַ◌), and noos, nous (= mind, intellect), which is of uncertain origin.]

פִּרְנוּס m.n. MH maintaining, supporting. [Verbal n. of פִּרְנֵס. See פרנס.]

פִּרְנוּק m.n. PBH pampering, spoiling. [Verbal n. of פִּרְנֵק. See פרנק.]

פרנס to maintain, sustain, support.
    — Pi. - פִּרֽנֵס 1 he maintained, sustained, supported, provided for; 2 he supplied, provided; 3 he planned, devised, arranged.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּרְנֵס PBH 1 he maintained himself, sustained himself, supported himself, earned a livelihood; NH 2 he was provided for. [Aram. פַּרְנֵס (= he maintained, sustained, supported), Syr. פַּרְנֵס (= he cared for, provided; he appointed, distributed; he took the oversight, managed, ruled). Of uncertain origin. Some scholars derive base פרנס from base פרס ᴵ (q.v.).] Derivatives: פַּרְנָס, פַּרְנָסָה, פִּרֽנוּס, הִתְפַּרְנֽסוּת, מֽפַרְנֵס.

פַּרְנָס m.n. PBH 1 supporter. 2 manager, chief, leader, administrator. [From פרנס, whence also Aram. פַּרֽנָס, פַּרְנָסָא, Syr. פַּרְנָסָא (of s.m.), whence Arab. firnās (= governor of a district).]

פַּרְנָסָה f.n. PBH 1 livelihood. PBH 2 needs. NH 3 occupation. [From פרנס. For the ending see suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּרְנָסוּת f.n. MH administrative office. [Formed from פרנס with suff. ◌וּת.]

פרנק to pamper.
    — Pi. - פִּרְנֵק he pampered, spoiled.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּרְנֵק was pampered, was spoiled. [Formed from פנק through dissimilation of nn to rn.] Derivative: פִּרְנוּק.

פְרַנְקוֹלִין m.n. FW francolin (name of various genera of partridges). [Fren. francolin, from It. francolino, which is of uncertain etymology.]

פרס ᴵ to spread.
    — Qal - פָּרַס he spread.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַס was spread.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַס he spread.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵס he spread. [A later var. of פרשׂ ᴵ. cp. פרסם.] Derivatives: פָּרָס, פָּרוּס, פֵּרוּס, פְּרִיסָה ᴵ, הִתְפָּרְסוּת, תִּפְרֹסֶת.

פרס ᴵᴵ to split, divide, break, esp. ‘to break (or slice) bread’.
    — Qal - פָּרַס he broke (esp. bread), sliced.
    — Niph. - נִפֽרַס was broken (said esp. of bread), was sliced.
    — Nith. - נִתְפָּרֵס (of s.m.).
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיס he divided (bread) into slices, sliced. [Aram.–Syr. פּֽרַס (= he split, divided, broke bread), Akka. parāsu (= to divide, hinder), Arab. farasa (= he broke the neck of an animal); base of פַּרְסָה ᴵ. cp. פרנס.] Derivatives: פּֽרָס, פְּרוּסָה, פּֽרִיסָה, prob. also פֶּרֶס.

פרס ᴵᴵᴵ to have hoofs.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיס 1 it (the animal) had hoofs; PBH 2 it trod with the hoofs. [Denominated from פַּרְסָה ᴵ.] Derivative: מַפֽרִיס.

פֶּֽרֶס ᴵ m.n. bird of prey, perhaps the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). [Prob. lit. meaning ‘ossifrage’ (bone-breaking), and derived from פרס ᴵᴵ.]

פֶּֽרֶס ᴵᴵ m.n. hoof (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Zech. 11:16).

פָּרָס m.n. PBH curtain, carpet. [Lit. ‘that which is spread or extended’, from פרס ᴵ. cp. Aram. פּֽרָסָא, which is of the same origin and meaning.]

פְּרָס ᴵ m.n. 1 the half of something. 2 the half of a mina. 3 the half of the length of a furrow. 4 share, reward, premium. PBH 5 half of a loaf. NH 6 prize. [From Aram. פּֽרָס (= half of a mina, resp. ‘half of something’, ‘the slave’s fare’), which is prob. borrowed from Akka. parsu (= half a mina), a derivative of parāsu (= to divide).]

פְּרָס ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (in בֵּית־הַפְּרָס) a field containing a grave, grave area. [Of uncertain origin.]

פַּרְסָה ᴵ f.n. 1 divided hoof. 2 hoof. [Formed from פרס ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה cp. פֶּרֶס ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פַּרְסָן, פַּרְסֽתָן.

פַּרְסָה ᴵᴵ f.n. PBH (pl. פַּרְסָאוֹת) parasang (Persian mile). [Pers. farsank, whence also Aram. פַּרֽסָא, Arab. farsanḫ, Gk. parasagges.]

פַרְסָה f.n. FW farce. [Fren. farce (= stuffing, forcemeat; farce; practical joke), from VL * farsa, f. of * farsus, p. part. of L. farcīre (= to stuff, cram), which is of uncertain etymology. See ‘farce’ in my CEDEL.]

פִּרְסוּם m.n. PBH 1 publication. NH 2 advertising, publicity. [Verbal n. of פִּרְסֵם. See פרסם.] Derivative: פִּרְסוּמַאי.

פִּרְסוּמַאי m.n. NH an advertising agent. [Formed from פִּרְסוּם with suff. ◌ַאי.]

פֶּרְסוֹנָה f.n. FW person. [L. persōna (= mask, masked person, character, part, rôle, person), which prob. derives from Etruscan persu (= masked figure), orig. the embodiment of a god of the nether world whose office it was to receive the soul of the dead and to accompany it to Hades. The word persu itself is of Greek origin; cp. Persephone, name of the chief goddess of the nether world. See ‘person’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘Persephone’ ibid.]

פֶּרְסוֹנָל m.n. FW personnel. [Fren. personnel, properly subst. use of the adj. personnel (= personal), from L. persōnālis, from persōna. See פֶּרְסוֹנָה. For the L. ending. – ālis see adj. suff. ‘–al’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרֶסְטוֹ adj. FW presto (music). [It. presto, from Vulgate L. praestus (= ready), from L. praestō esse (= to be at hand, be ready), from prae (= before), and stāre (= to stand). See פְּרֵי◌ and סְטָטִי.]

פְּרֶסְטִיזָ׳ה f.n. FW prestige. [Fren. prestige, from L. praestīgiae (= deceptions, illusions, juggler’s tricks), dissimilated from praestringere (= to bind fast, tie up; to dull the eyelight, dazzle), from prae (= before; see פְּרֵי◌), and stringere (= to draw tight, bind). See ‘stringent’ in my CEDEL.]

פרסם to publish, announce; to advertise, publicize.
    — Pi. - פִּרְסֵם PBH 1 he announced; NH 2 he published, advertised.
    — Pu. - פֻּרְסַם PBH 1 was announced, was publicized; NH 2 was published, was advertised.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּרְסֵם PBH 1 he became famous; NH 2 it was published. [According to some scholars related to Syr. פַּרְסִי (= he made known, openly), אֶתְפַּרְסִי (= was made known openly), and prob. derived from פרס ᴵ (= to spread, extend). Others connect פַּרֽסִי etc. with Heb. פָּשָׂה (see פשׂה). Still others see in פִּרְסֵם a loan word from Gk. parresia or parresis (= outspokenness, frankness, freedom of speech). In both cases the additorial ם is difficult to explain.] Derivatives: פִּרְסוּם, הִתְפַּרְסְמוּת, פִּרְסֹמֶת, מְפֻרְסָם.

פִּרְסֹֽמֶת f.n. NH publicity; advertising. [Formed from פרסם with suff. ◌ֶת.]

פַּרְסָן adj. & f.n. NH 1 having hoofs. 2 gadabout. [Formed from פַּרְסָה ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פֶּרְסְפֶּקְטִיבָה f.n. FW perspective. [From Late L. perspectīvus (= perspective), adj. from L. perspectus, p. part. of perspicere (= to look closely at), from per (= through), see פֶּר◌), and specere, spicere (= to look at). See סְפֶּצְיָאלִי.]

פַּרְסֵק see אֲפַרְסֵק.

פְרֶסְקוֹ m.n. FW (pl. פְרָסֽקִים) fresco. [It. fresco (= fresh), from Teutonic * frisk. See ‘fresh’ ᴵ in my CEDEL.]

פַּרְסְתָן adj. PBH having large hoofs. [Formed from פַּרְסָה ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פרע ᴵ to let go, let loose; to abandon, reject; to become disorderly, become unruly; to uncover (esp. the hair).
    — Qal - פָּרַע he let go, let loose; 2 he abandoned, rejected; 3 he became disorderly, became unruly; 4 he uncovered (esp. the hair).
    — Niph. - נִפְרַע 1 he became disorderly, became unruly (in the Bible occurring only Pr. 29:18); 2 he uncovered himself (to relieve himself).
    — Hiph. - הִפֽרִיעַ 1 he caused disorder, disturbed; 2 he showed lack of restraint.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַע he uncovered.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַע was uncovered.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרַע 1 became unruly; 2 was disturbed, was confused.
    — Hoph. - הֻפֽרַע 1 was uncovered; 2 was disturbed. [Aram. פְּרַע (= he tore open, uncovered; he disarranged), Syr. פְּרַע (= he uncovered), Arab. faragha (= was empty, was vacant).] Derivatives: פָּרוּעַ ᴵ, פֵּרוּעַ, פְּרִיעָה ᴵ, הִפָּרְעוּת, הִתְפָּרְעוּת, מַפְרִיעַ, מֻפְרָע, מְפֹרָע.

פרע ᴵᴵ to pay (a debt).
    — Qal - פָּרַע 1 he paid (a debt); 2 he repaid, punished; 3 he revenged, avenged.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַע 1 was paid; 2 he exacted payment, collected a debt; 3 he punished.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרַע 1 he was paid; 2 he collected a debt. [Aram. פְּרַע (= he retributed, paid), Syr. פְּרַע (= he requited compensation). Prob. related to Arab. farḍ (= duty, precept, order, decree, command; religious duty; lawful share), faraḍa (= he decreed, ordered, enjoined, made incumbent; he allocated money).] Derivatives: פָּרוּעַ ᴵᴵ, פְּרִיעָה ᴵᴵ, פֵּרָעוֹן, פַּרְעָן, פֻּרְעָנוּת, הִפָּרֽעוּת ᴵᴵ, מִפְרָעָה.

פרע ᴵᴵᴵ to dishevel the hair.
    — Qal - פָּרַע he disheveled.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַע was disheveled.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַע (of s.m.). [Syr. פְּרַע (= it sprouted), Akka. pir‘u (= sprout, progeny), pirtū (= hair of the head), Arab. far‘ (= long hair of women), Late Arab. fara‘a (= it sprouted).] Derivatives: פֶּרַע ᴵ, פֶּרַע ᴵᴵ.

פרע ᴵⱽ to cause disturbances, riot, to pogrom.
    — Qal - פָּרַע 1 he caused disturbances, rioted; 2 he pogromed. [Special sense development of פרע ᴵ, after פַּרֽעָה ᴵᴵ (= disorder, disturbance).] Derivatives: פְּרִיעָה ᴵᴵᴵ, פּוֹרֵעַ.

פֶּֽרַע ᴵ (pl. פְּרָעוֹת) long hair of the head, locks. [From פרע ᴵᴵᴵ.]

פֶּֽרַע ᴵᴵ Hypericum (a genus of herbs), the ‘St. John’s wort’. [From פרע ᴵᴵᴵ.]

פַּרְעָה ᴵ f.n. disorder(?); hair(?) (in the Bible occurring only in the pl. פּֽרָעוֹת, prob. meaning ‘hair’; so that בִּפְרֹעַ פּֽרָעוֹת, Jud. 5:2, would mean lit. ‘when the hair of the warriors grew long’, i.e. ‘when many vowed to go to war’). [Prob. derived from פרע ᴵ.]

פַּרְעָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH disorder, disturbance, riot; pogrom. [Formed from פרע ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה. cp. פרע ᴵⱽ.]

פֵּרָעוֹן m.n. PBH payment of a debt. [Formed from פרע ᴵᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns. cp. Aram. פּוּרֽעָנָא (= payment), Syr. פּוּרְעָנָא (= retribution, vengeance, punishment). cp. also פֻּרְעָנוּת.]

פַּרְעוֹשׁ, פַּרְעֹש m.n. flea. [Related to Syr. פּוּרְתַּעְנָא, Akka. purshu’u, parshu’u, Arab. burghūth (= flea). According to some scholars these words lit. mean ‘the jumping (insect)’ and are related to Ethiop. fara‘aṣa (= jumped). According to others the ר is secondary, so that the base of פַּרֽעוֹשׁ would be פעשׁ, which is related to Arab. baghita (= was of varied color, was of dust color). cp. פַּרֽעוֹשִׁית. cp. Also בַּרְחָשׁ.] Derivative: פַּרֽעוֹשִׁית.

פַּרְעוֹשִׁית f.n. NH common flea bane (Pulicaria). [Formed from פַּרְעוֹשׁ with suff. ◌ִית as a loan translation of Modern L. Pulicaria, from L pulex (= flea); so called because it is supposed to drive away fleas.]

פְּרָעוֹת f. pl. of פַּרְעָה ᴵᴵ.

פַּרְעָן m.n. MH one who agrees to pay; payer. [Formed from פרע ᴵᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.]

פֻּרְעָנוּת f.n. PBH punishment, retribution, Divine visitation. [From Aram.–Syr. פּוּרְעָנוּתָא (= requital, remuneration, retribution, vengeance), from פּֽרַע. See פרע ᴵᴵ.]

פַּרְעשׁ see פַּרֽעוֹשׁ.

פרף to clasp, fasten.
    — Qal - פָּרַף PBH 1 he clasped, fastened; NH 2 he buttoned.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַף MH 1 was clasped, was fastened; NH 2 was buttoned. [Denominated from Gk. porpe (= brooch, clasp), which is formed through reduplication and vowel gradation from the stem of peirein (= to pierce through, run through), whence also peron (= pin, brooch, buckle; the fibula), from IE base * per– (= to lead across, drive across, traverse, pierce). See פֶּר◌.] Derivatives: פָּרוּף, פּֽרִיפָה, מַפֽרֵף.

פֶּרְפוּמֶרְיָה f.n. FW perfumery. [Fren. parfumer (= to perfume), from It. perfumare or Sp. perfumar, from per (= through), from L. per (see פֶּר◌), and L. fūmāre (= to smoke), from fūmus (= smoke, steam, vapor). See ‘fume’ (n.) in my CEDEL. For the ending of פֶּרְפוּמֶרֽיָה see suff. ◌יָה.]

פִּרְפּוּר m.n. PBH convulsion, spasm, agony. [Verbal n. of פִּרְפֵּר. See פרפר.]

פֶּרְפוֹרָטוֹר m.n. FW perforator. [From L. perforātus, p. part. of perforāre (= to pierce through), from per– (= through; see פֶּר◌), and forāre (= to bore), from IE base * bher- (= to cut with a sharp point; to bore, pierce). cp. ‘bore’ (v.) in my CEDEL.]

פָּרְפּוּרִיָּה f.n. PBH (also פֻּרְפּוּרִין) purple robe. [From Gk. porphura (= purple fish, purple dye, purple), which is of uncertain origin. cp. ‘purple’ in my CEDEL.]

פָּרָפִין m.n. FW paraffin (chemistry). [L. parrafin, coined by the German chemist Karl von Reichenbach in 1830 from L. par(um) (= little), and affinis (= neighboring, connected with, related to); so called by him because of its comparative lack of chemical affinity.]

פְּרֶפִיקְס m.n. FW prefix. [L. praefīxum, neuter p. part. of praefīgere (= to fix before), from prae (= before; see פְּרֵי◌), and fīgere (= to fix, fasten), which derives from IE base * dhēigh- (= to cut out). See ‘ditch’ in my CEDEL.]

פַּרְפָּר m.n. NH butterfly. [Prob. derived from פרפר ᴵ (= to flutter).] Derivatives: פַּרֽפָּרִי, פַּרֽפְּרָנִי.

פרפר ᴵ to break, to crumble, to crush.
    — Pilp. — Pilp. - פִּרֽפֵּר he broke, crushed, crumbled. Prob. derivative: פַּרֽפֶּרֶת. [Pilp. of פרר ᴵ.]

פרפר ᴵᴵ to shake, shatter.
    — Pilp. - פִּרְפֵּר 1 he shook, shattered (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 61:12 in the form וַיְפַרֽפְּרֵנִי); NH 2 he fluttered.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּרֽפֵּר 1 (vulg.) he bunked, dawdled, loitered. 2 he behaved licentiously. [Pilp. of פרר ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פִּרְפּוּר, prob. also פַּרֽפָּר.

פָּרַפְרָזָה f.n. FW paraphrase. [Fren. paraphrase, from L. paraphrasis, from Gk. paraphrasis, from paraphrazein (= to say the same thing in other words, to paraphrase), from para (= beside; see פָּרַ◌), and phrazein (= to point out, show, tell); see פְרָזָה.]

פַּרְפָּרִי adj. NH butterflylike, butterfly-shaped. [Formed from פַּרְפָּר with suff. ◌ִי.]

פַּרְפְּרָנִי adj. NH light as a butterfly. [Formed from פַּרֽפָּר with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פַּרְפֶּֽרֶת f.n. PBH (pl. פַּרֽפּֽרָאוֹת) savory dish, appetizer; PBH 2 dessert; NH 3 diversion. [Prob. formed from פרפר ᴵ, and lit. meaning ‘something cut to pieces, something crumbled’. For the ending see suff. ◌ֶת. cp. רַפְרָפָת.]

פרץ ᴵ to break, break through, break out, break to pieces, burst; to spread, extend.
    — Qal - פָּרַץ 1 he broke through, broke out; 2 he broke into; 3 he tore down, destroyed; 4 he broke into pieces; 5 he used violence; 6 he spread, extended, increased; 7 it overflew, ran over.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַץ PBH 1 was broken through; PBH 2 was torn down; PBH 3 was unrestrained, was dissolute; 4 it spread, was frequent (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 3:1).
    — Pi. - פֵּרַץ he destroyed, demolished.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַץ was destroyed, was demolished (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Neh. 1:3 in the form מֽפֹרָצֶת).
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵץ 1 he broke away, revolted (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 25:10 in the form מִתְפָּרְצִים); PBH 2 he broke out; it burst; PBH 3 he became licentious.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִיץ 1 he multiplied, spread; 2 he acted without restraint, was dissolute; 3 he was insolent.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְרַץ was broken into. [Aram. פּֽרַץ (= broke through, broke out), Ugar. prṣ (= an opening), Arab. faraḍa (= he cut, slit; he hit), Akka. parāṣu (= to break through, e.g. a wall). Some scholars see in פרץ (= to spread, extend) a separate base and connect it with Arab. rafaḍa (= scattered, spread). However the meaning ‘to spread, extend’, can easily be derived from the meaning ‘to break through (a wall)’, whence ‘to go over or beyond, to spread’. cp. ברץ (= to overflow), which is prob. a secondary form of base פרץ ᴵ. cp. also פזר ᴵ.] Derivatives: פֶּרֶץ, פִּרְצָה, פּוֹרֵץ, פָּרוּץ, פֵּרוּץ, פָּרִיץ, פְּרִיץ, פְּרִיצָה, מִפְרָץ, מְפֹרָץ, מִפְרֶצֶת.

פרץ ᴵᴵ to push, press, urge.
    — Qal - פָּרַץ he pushed, pressed, urged, entreated (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. II 13:25). [A metathesis var. of פצר ᴵ.]

פֶּֽרֶץ m.n. 1 breaking forth. 2 breach, crack, cleft, fissure. [From פרץ ᴵ.]

פְּרֶצֶדֶנְט m.n. FW precedent. [Fren. précédent, from L. praecēdens, from prae (= before; see פְּרֵי◌), and cēdere (= to go, go away, yield, give up, withdraw), which prob. stands for * cezdere, from the demonstrative particle ce-, and IE base * sed- (= to go). See מֶתּוֹדָה. For the ending of פְּרֶצֶדֶנֽט see suff. ‘-ent’ in my CEDEL.]

פִּרְצָה f.n. 1 breach, opening (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 13:5 in the pl.); PBH 2 misfortune, calamity; PBH 3 obscenity. [Formed from פרץ ᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּרְצוּל m.n. NH parcelling. [Verbal n. of פִּרֽצֵל, Pi. of פרצל.]

פַּרְצוּף m.n. PBH 1 face. NH 2 personification, characterization. [Gk. prosopon (= face, countenance, person), whence also Aram. פַּרְצוּפָא, Syr. פַּרְצוֹפָא. Gk. prosopon lit. means ‘that which is toward the eyes’, from pros (= toward, to, against), and ops (= eye, face), which derives from IE base * ōg–, a collateral form of base * oq (= eye; to see). See פְּרוֹזְבּוּל and אוֹפְּטִי and cp. the second element in צִיקְלוֹפּ.] Derivatives: פרצף, פַּרְצוּפִי.

פִּרְצוּף m.n. NH representation of the face, characterization. [Verbal n. of פִּרְצֵף. See פרצף.]

פַּרְצוּפִי adj. NH pertaining to the face, facial. [Formed from פַּרְצוּף with suff. ◌ִי] Derivative: פַּרְצוּפִיּוּת.

פַּרְצוּפִיּוּת f.n. NH hypocrisy (used in the phrase דּוּ־פַּרֽצוּפִיּוּת, ‘two-facedness’, ‘hypocrisy’). [Formed from פַּרְצוּפִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פּרצל to parcel.
    — Pi. - פִּרְצֵל he parcelled.
    — Pu. - פֻּרְצַל was parcelled. [Hebraization, denominated from פַּרְצֶלַצְיָה (= parcelling).] Derivative: פִּרְצוּל.

פַּרְצֶלַצְיָה f.n. FW parcelling. [From Fren. parcelle, from Vulgate L. particella, corresponding to L. particula, dimin. of pars (= part), gen. partis. For the ending of פַּרְצֶלַצְיָה see suff. ◌יָה.]

פרצף to describe a character, characterize.
    — Pi. - פִּרְצֵף he described a character, characterized.
    — Pu. - פֻּרְצַף was characterized. [Denominated from פַּרְצוּף.] Derivative: פִּרְצוּף.

פֶּרְצֶפְּצְיָה f.n. FW perception. [L. perceptiō (= a taking, gathering, collecting), from perceptus, p. part. of percipere (= to take possession of, observe, perceive), lit. ‘to take entirely’, from per (= through), and capere (= to catch, seize, take, hold). See פֶּר◌. For the ending of פֶּרְצֶפּֽצְיָה see suff. ◌יָה.]

פרק to break, break off; to tear away; to unload; to deliver.
    — Qal - פָּרַק 1 he tore away, apart, away from; 2 he rescued, delivered; PBH 3 he separated, removed; 4 he separated into parts, broke up.
    — Niph. - נִפְרָק PBH 1 was out of joint, was dislocated; MH 2 was removed.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַק 1 he tore off; 2 he rent; PBH 3 he unloaded; PBH 4 he separated into parts; MH 5 he solved (a problem); NH 6 he liquidated (a company).
    — Hoph. - פֹּרַק 1 was unloaded; 2 was removed; 3 was broken up into parts; NH 4 was liquidated (said of a company).
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵק 1 he tore off (from himself); 2 was broken off; PBH 3 was dismantled, was taken to pieces. [BAram. פּֽרֻק (= break off), Aram. פְּרַק (= he redeemed, rescued), Syr. פְּרַק (= he separated from, broke loose; he departed, removed, withdrew), Arab. faraqa (= he split, divided), Ethiop. faraqa (= he set free).] Derivatives: פֶּרֶק, פִּרְקוֹן, פֻּרֽקָן, פָּרוּק, פֵּרוּק, פָּרִיק, פְּרִיקָה, פּוֹרֶקֶת, הִתְפָּרְקוּת, מַפֽרֵק, מִפֽרָק, מֽפָרֵק, מַפֽרֶקֶת. cp. שִׁפְרוּק, cp. also ‘traffic’ in my CEDEL.

פֶּֽרֶק m.n. 1 parting of ways. 2 plunder (lit. ‘that which is snatched away’). PBH 3 chapter, section. PBH 4 link, joint. PBH 5 period on the agenda. [From פרק. cp. פִּרֽקָא.] Derivative: פִּרְקָן.

פַּרְק m.n. FW park. [Eng. park, from Fren. parc, from Med. L. parricus (= enclosure; park). cp. פַּרְקֶט.]

פִּרְקָא m.n. PBH chapter, section. [Aram., corresponding to Heb. פֶּרֶק (q.v.). cp. מַפְרֶקֶת.]

פרקד to lie on one’s back.
    — Pi. - פִּרֽקֵד he laid somebody or something on his (its) back.
    — Pu. - פֻּרֽקַד was laid on his back.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּרְקֵד he lay on his back. [Back formation from פְּרַקֽדָּן.] Derivatives: הִתֽפַּרֽקֽדוּת, מְפֻרְקָד.

פְּרַקְדָּן adj. & adv. PBH supine, lying on one’s back. [Borrowed from Akka. purqidam (= lying on one’s back).] Derivative: פְּרַקְדָּנוּת.

פְּרַקְדָּנוּת f.n. MH lying on one’s back. [Formed from פּֽרַקְדָּן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פִּרְקוֹן m.n. PBH redemption, ransom. [Formed from פרק with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פִּרְקוּן m.n. NH abreaction. (psychoanalysis). [Verbal n. of פִּרְקֵן; see פרקן.]

פִּרְקוּס see פִּרֽכּוּס ᴵ.

פַּרְקֶט m.n. FW parquet. [Fren. parquet, dimin. of parc (= enclosure). See פַּרְק. For the ending of פַּרְקֶט see suff. ‘–et’ in my CEDEL.]

פְּרַקְטִי adj. FW practical. [From Gk. praktikos (= fit for action, practical), from praktos (= done, to be done), verbal adj. of prassein, prattein (= to do, effect, accomplish, practice), from * prā–ko– (= leading over or beyond), enlarged from IE base * per– (= through, across, beyond). See פֶּרֶ◌ and cp. פְּרַקְמַטְיָא.] Derivative: פְּרַקְטִיּוּת.

פְּרַקְטִיּוּת f.n. FW practicality. [Formed from פְּרַקְטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרַקְטִיקָה f.n. FW practice. [Fren. practique, back formation from practiquer, from Med. L. prācticāre, from Late L. prācticus (= fit for action), from Gk. praktikos. See פְּרַקְטִי.]

פְּרַקְלִיט m.n. PBH advocate, solicitor. [Gk. parakletos (= advocate), verbal adj. of parakatein (= to call to aid, summon, invite, console, exhort, encourage), from para (= beside), and kalein (= to call), which is cogn. with L. calāre (= to proclaim, call, shout).] Derivative: פּֽרַקְלִיטוּת.

פְּרַקְלִיטוּת f.n. NH advocacy, solicitorship. [Formed from פּֽרַקְלִיט with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּרַקְמַטְיָא, פְּרַקְמַטְיָה, פְּרַגְמַטְיָא f.n. PBH wares, goods, merchandise. [Gk. pragmateia (= occupation, business), from pragma (= business), lit. ‘that which is done’, from the stem of prassein, prattein (= to do, effect, acomplish, practice). See פְּרַקֽטִי. For the ending of pragma see suff. ‘–ma’ in my CEDEL.]

פֻּרֽקָן m.n. MH redemption, salvation. [From Aram. פּוּרֽקָן, פּוּרְקָנָא, Syr. פּוּרְקָנָא, from פּֽרָק. See פרק. For the ending of פֻּרֽקָן see suff. ◌ָן, forming abstract nouns.]

פִּרְקָן m.n. NH Salicornia (a genus of plants). [Formed from פֶּרֶק (in the sense of ‘internodium’), with suff. ◌ָן.]

פרקן to relieve (a repressed emotion), to abreact.
    — Pi. - פִּרֽקֵן he relieved (a repressed emotion), abreacted (tr. v.) ( psychoanalysis).
    — Pu. - פֻּרְקַן was relieved (of an emotion), was abreacted.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּרְקֵן he relieved himself (of an emotion), abreacted (intr. v.). [Denominated from פֻּרְקָן.] Derivatives: פִּרְקוּן, הִתְפַּרֽקֽנוּת, מְפֻרֽקָן.

פְרַקְצְיָה f.n. fraction. [L. frāctis (= a breaking), from frāctus, p. part. of frangere (= to break), from IE base * bhreg– (= to break). See ‘break’ in my CEDEL and cp. רֶפְרֵין.]

פרר ᴵ to crush, crumb, crumble, break into crumbs.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַר he crumbed, crumbled, broke into crumbs.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַר was crumbed, was crumbled, was broken.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפָּרֵר was crushed, was crumbed, was crumbled.
    — Pilp. (see . - פרפר ᴵ). [Aram. פּֽרַר (= he crushed, crumbed, crumbled). cp. פרר ᴵᴵ.] Derivatives: פֵּרוּר, פָּרוּר, פְּרִירָה, הִתְפּוֹרְרוּת, מְפֹרָר.

פרר ᴵᴵ to break, violate, annul, frustrate.
    — Hiph. - הֵפֵר he broke, violated, annulled, frustrated.
    — Hoph. - הוּפַד was broken, was violated, was annulled, was frustrated.
    — Pilp. (see . - פרפר ᴵᴵ). [JAram. אֲפֵר (= he made void, annulled), Akka. parāru (= to destroy, annihilate). Related to פור. Prob. a special sense development of פרר ᴵ.]

פרר ᴵᴵᴵ to shake, shatter (see פרפר ᴵᴵ).
    — Pi. - פּוֹרֵר he shook, shattered (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 74:13 in the form פּוֹרַרְתָּ).
    — Hith. - הִתְפּוֹרֵר was shaken (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 24:10).
    — Pilp. (see . - פרפר ᴵᴵ).

פְּרֵרוֹגָטִיבָה f.n. prerogative. [L. praerogātiva, a previous choice or election, properly f. of praerogātīvus (= asked for a vote before others), from praerogāre (= to ask first), from prae (= before; see פְּרֵי◌), and rogāre (= to ask, beg, entreat), properly ‘to have a desire for’, in vowel gradational relationship to regere (= to guide, lead, direct, rule). See רֵגֶנְט.]

פְּרֶרְיָה f.n. FW prairie. [Fren. prairie, from Vulgate L. pratāria, from L. prātum (= meadow), from IE base * prā- (= to bend). See ‘pravity’ in my CEDEL and cp. ‘prairie’ ibid.]

פרשׂ ᴵ to spread, spread, out, extend, stretch.
    — Qal - פָּרַשׂ he spread, spread out, extended, stretched.
    — Niph. - נִפֽרַשׂ 1 was scattered (in the Bible occurring only Ezek. 17:21 in the form יִפָּרֵשׂוּ); PBH 2 was spread, was spread out.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַשׂ 1 he spread out, stretched; 2 he scattered.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַשׂ was spread, was spread out.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפָּרֵשׂ was spread in all directions. [Aram.–Syr. פּֽרַס (= he spread out, extended), Arab. farasha (= he spread out, spread), Akka. parashu (= to fly; lit. ‘to extend one’s wings’). cp. פרשׁז.] Derivatives: פָּרוּשׂ, פָּרִישׂ, פּֽרִישָׂה, הִתֽפָּרְשׂוּת, מִפְרָשׂ, תִּפֽרֹשֶׂת.

פרשׂ ᴵᴵ a secondary form of פרס.

פרשׁ ᴵ to make distinct, express clearly, to declare, explain.
    — Qal - פָּרַשׁ he made distinct, expressed clearly, clarified, declared, specified, explained, interpreted.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַשׁ was clarified, was explained, was interpreted.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַשׁ 1 he expressed clearly; 2 he clarified, explained.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַשׁ 1 was made distinct, was clarified, was declared; MH 2 was explained, was interpreted.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵשׁ 1 was made distinct; 2 was clarified, was explained, was interpreted. [Aram.–Syr. פְּרַשׁ (= he distinguished; he explained), Akka. parāshu, parāsu (= to explain, decide as a judge). Possibly related to base פשׁר. cp. פרשׁ ᴵᴵ. cp. also פרס ᴵ.] Derivatives: פַּרְשָׁן, פֵּרוּשׁ, פִּרְשׁוֹן, הִתְפָּרְשׁוּת, מְפָרֵשׁ ᴵ, מְפֹרָשׁ.

פרשׁ ᴵᴵ to keep off, keep aloof, separate, abstain; to retire.
    — Qal - פָּרַשׁ PBH 1 he kept off, kept aloof, separated, abstained; NH 2 he retired; NH 3 he set out to sea, sailed.
    — Niph. - נִפְרַשׁ 1 was scattered; PBH 2 was separated; PBH 3 he departed, withdrew.
    — Pi. - פֵּרַשׁ 1 he withdrew, retired; 2 he set out to sea, sailed.
    — Pu. - פֹּרַשׁ was separated.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרֵשׁ 1 he was separated; 2 he separated himself.
    — Hiph. - הִפְרִישׁ 1 it (the viper) secreted (poison); 2 he separated, set aside, dedicated; NH 3 he removed; PBH 4 he set out to sea, sailed.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְרַשׁ 1 was separated; 2 was dedicated. [Aram. פּֽרַשׁ (= he kept off, kept aloof, abstained), אַפְרֵשׁ (= he separated, divided), Syr. פְּרַשׁ (= he separated, set apart, divided; he distinguished, he kept off, kept aloof, abstained), Akka. parāshu, parāsu (= to separate). According to several scholars פרשׁ ᴵ properly represents a special meaning of פרשׁ ᴵᴵ. Accordingly the sense development of base פרשׁ might be as follows: ‘to divide, separate, make distinct, express clearly, clarify, declare, explain, interpret’.] Derivatives: פָּרָשָׁה, פָּרוּשׁ, פּֽרִישָׁה, הָפְרֵשׁ, הַפֽרָשָׁה, מֻפְרָשׁ, מֽפָרֵשׁ ᴵᴵ, prob. also פֶּרֶשׁ.

פֶּֽרֶשׁ m.n. contents of the stomach, excrements, dung. [Prob. derived from פרשׁ ᴵᴵ and lit. meaning ‘that which is secreted’. According to several scholars פֶּרֶשׁ is not a derivative of פרשׁ ᴵᴵ but related to Aram. פַּרְתָּא, Syr. פֶּרְתָּא, Arab. farth, Akka. parshu (= undigested food in the stomach).]

פָּרָשׁ ᴵ m.n. (pl. פָּרָשִׁים) horse. [Related to OSArab. פרשׁ, JAram. פָּרָשָׁא, Syr. פַּרָשָׁא, Arab. faras, Ethiop. faras (= horse). The pl. פָּרָשִׁים is an exceptional form. The regular form would be פּֽרָשִׁים.]

פָּרָשׁ ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 horseman, rider. NH 2 knight. [פָּרָשׁ stands for פַּרָּשׁ, hence nomen opificis formed from פָּרָשׁ ᴵ. cp. Aram. פָּרָשׁ, Syr. פַּרָּשָׁא, Arab. fāris, Ethiop. faras (= horseman, rider).] Derivative: פָּרָשׁוּת.

פַּרְשֶׁגֶן see פַּתֽשֶׁגֶן.

פַּרְשְׁדוֹן m.n. loophole (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Jud. 3:22 in the loc. פַּרְשְׁדֹנָה. [Related, or borrowed from Akka parashdinum (= hole).]

פָּרָשָׁה f.n. (pl. פָּרָשׁוֹת, also פָּרָשִׁיּוֹת) 1 exact statement. 2 quantity. PBH 3 section. MH 4 weekly portion. [Lit. ‘a separate piece’. Formed from פרשׁ ᴵᴵ with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּרָשׁוּט m.n. FW parachute. [Fren. parachute (lit.: ‘that which protects from falling’). A hybrid coined by the French aeronaut François Blanchard (1753–1809) from Gk. para (= beside), and Fren. chute (= fall), which was refashioned after the p. part chu, from Old Fren. cheoite, f. p. part. of cheoir used as a noun, from Vulgate L. cadectus, formed on analogy of L. collectus, p. part. of colligere (= to gather), from cadēre (= to fall), which is cogn. with Old I. sad- (= to fall down). See ‘cadence’ in my CEDEL and cp. words there referred to. cp. also קָדֶנְצָה.]

פִּרְשׁוֹן m.n. MH explanation. [Formed from פשׁר ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פָּרָשׁוּת f.n. MH horsemanship. [Formed from פָּרָשׁ ᴵᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פרשׁז tr. v. to spread (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 26:9, possibly meaning ‘he spread out’). [Of uncertain meaning. If the correct reading is פַּרְשֵׂז, it might stand for פַּרְשֵׂשׂ, a word formed from פרשׂ (= to spread), through reduplication of the third radical.]

פַּרְשָׁן m.n. MH commentator, exegete. [Formed from פרשׁ ᴵ with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivatives: פַּרְשָׁנוּת, פַּרֽשָׁנִי.

פַּרְשָׁנוּת f.n. NH exegesis. [Formed from פַּרְשָׁן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּרְשָׁנִי adj. NH commentative, exegetic. [Formed from פַּרְשָׁן with suff. ◌ִי.]

פרת to be divided into, divide, branch off.
    — Hith. - הִתְפָּרַת was divided, branched off. [Prob. a blend of the base פרד (= to divide), and the name of the river פּֽרָת (‘Euphrates’), and lit. meaning ‘to be divided (into branches) like the Euphrates’.]

פַּרְתֵּם m.n. nobleman (in the Bible occurring only Est. 1:3, 6:9, Dan. 1:3, in the pl.). [A loan word from Old Pers. fratama (= foremost, first), which is related to Avestic fratma f[[illegible]] s.m.). These words are properly superlatives formed from Old Pers., Avestic fra, prá (= before), which are cogn. with Gk. pro (= before), L. prō (= before, for). See פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵ and פְּרוֹ◌ ᴵᴵ.]

פַּשׁ m.n. a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Job 35:15, usually rendered by ‘haughtiness’ or ‘folly’. [Of uncertain etymology. According to the first meaning given above, פַּשׁ would be a derivative of base פּשׁשׁ (= פוש ᴵ, ‘to spring about’). According to the second meaning, the word would be related to Arab. fasīs, (= weak in mind or body), fasfās (= very stupid).]

פשׂה to spread, extend.
    — Qal - פָּשָׂה it spread (said of leprosy). [Arab. fashā (= spread, was divulged, extended). cp. פסה.] Derivatives: פָּשׂוּי, פִּשֽׂיוֹן.

פָּשָׁה m.n. NH ‘pasha’ (title). [Turkish pāshā, bāshā, prob. contracted from Pers. pādshāh (see ‘padishah’ in my CEDEL.), influenced in form by Turkish basḳaḳ (= governor).]

פָּשׁוּט PBH 1 straight. PBH 2 flat. MH 3 simple. NH 1 ordinary, usual. MH 5 stretched out, extended. NH 6 rude. [Pass. part. of פָּשַׁט (= he made plain). See פשׁט.] Derivatives: פַּשְׁטוּת, פְּשִׁיטוּת.

פִּשּׁוּט m.n. PBH 1 a stretching out. NH 2 a simplification. [Verbal n. of פִּשֵּׁט, Pi. of פשׁט.]

פְּשׁוּט m.n. PBH plain meaning, simple meaning. [From פשׁט.]

פָּשׂוּי adj. MH scattered. [Pass. part. of פָּשָׂה. See פשׂה.]

פִּשּׂוּק m.n. NH straddle. [Verbal n. of פִּשֵּׂק, Pi. of פשׂק.]

פִּשּׁוּר m.n. MH 1 making lukewarm. NH 2 conciliation. [Verbal n. of פִּשֵּׁר, Pi. of פשׁר.]

פָּשׁוֹשׁ m.n. NH (pl. פָּשׁוֹשׁוֹת, also פָּשׁוֹשִׁים) warbler, Prinia gracilis (ornithology). [From Aram. פָּשׁוֹשָׁא, which is prob. of Pers. origin.]

פשׁח to tear to pieces, rend asunder.
    — Qal - פָּשַׁח he tore to pieces, split, crushed.
    — Niph. - נִפֽשַׁח was torn in pieces, was split, was crushed.
    — Pi. - פִּשַּׁח he tore in pieces (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lam. 3:11 in the form וַיְפַשְּׁחֵנִי, ‘he tore me in pieces’). [Related to Aram.-Syr. פְּשַׁח (= he tore, rent asunder), prob. also to Arab. fasaḥa (= he put out of place, displaced).] Derivative: פּֽשִׁיחָה.

פשׁט to spread, to strip off; to make a dash, make a raid; to stretch out; to make plain, explain.
    — Qal - פָּשַׁט 1 it spread; 2 he attacked, invaded, made a dash, made a raid; 3 he stripped off, took off (his garment); PBH 4 he stretched out, straightened; PBH 5 he made plain, explained.
    — Niph. - נִפֽשַׁט 1 was stripped off, was taken off (said of a garment); 2 was stretched out.
    — Pi. - פִּשֵּׁט 1 he stripped off, unclothed (the slain); PBH 2 he stretched out, straightened.
    — Pu. - פֻּשַּׁט PBH 1 was stretched out, was straightened; NH 2 was simplified.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּשֵּׁט 1 he stripped himself of his garments, removed his clothes, undressed; PBH 2 it expanded, extended; PBH 3 it was smoothed out; MH 4 it was spread.
    — Hiph. - הִפְשִׁיט 1 he stripped someone of his garments; 2 he flayed (skin or hide); MH 3 he made abstract, abstracted, conceived as abstract.
    — Hoph. - הֻפֽשַׁט PBH 1 he was stripped (of his garments); MH 2 it was abstracted, was conceived as abstract. [Aram.–Syr. פְּשַׁט (= he stretched out, spread out, extended), Arab. basaṭa (= he stretched out, spread out, extended; he pleased, delighted; for sense development cp. פשׂק), prob. also Arab. pashāṭu (= to expunge, obliterate).] Derivatives: פְּשָׁט, פַּשְׁטָא, פַּשְׁטָן, פָּשׁוּט, פִּשּׁוּט, פְּשׁוּט, פַּשִּׁיט, פַּשְׁטָן, פְּשִׁיטָה, הֶפְשֵׁט, הַפֽשָׁטָה, הִתֽפַּשֽׁטוּת, מֻפֽשָׁט. cp. פְּשִׁיטְתָּא.

פְּשָׁט m.n. PBH (pl. פּֽשָׁטוֹת and פְּשָׁטָים) plain, simple meaning. [From Aram. פְּשָׁטָא (= plain, simple meaning), which derives from the verb פְּשַׁט (= he made plain). See פשׁט. cp. פּֽשָׁטָא.]

פַּשְׁטָא m.n. MH ‘pashta’ — name of a disjunctive Biblical accent. It has the form ◌֨). [Aram.; lit. meaning ‘a plain (or simple) sign’, from פּֽשַׁט (= he made plain). See פשׁט.]

פְּשָׁטָא m.n. PBH plain, simple meaning. [See פּֽשָׁט.]

פַּשְׁטוּת f.n. NH simplicity, naturalness. [Formed from פשׁט (= he made plain), with suff. ◌וּת. cp. פּֽשִׁיטוּת.]

פַּשְׁטִידָה f.n. NH pie, pastry, pudding. [Prob. from Middle Dutch pastede (= pie), from Late L. pasta (whence also It., Sp. etc. pasta), from Gk. paste (= barleymash), which is related to pastos, paston (= sprinkled with salt), verbal adj. of passein (= to sprinkle), which is of uncertain etymology.]

פַּשְׁטָן m.n. MH 1 one who explains the Biblical text according to its plain meaning. NH 2 plain speaker. [Formed from פשׁט (= to make plain, explain), with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּשֽׁטָנוּת.

פַּשְׁטָנוּת f.n. NH 1 explanation of the Biblical text according to its plain meaning. 2 plainness (of a lecture, etc.). [Formed from פַּשֽׁטָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּשְׁטָנִי adj. NH 1 simple. 2 superficial. [Formed from פשׁט (= to make plain, explain), with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פִּשְׂיוֹן m.n. PBH spreading, expansion, extension. [Formed from פשׂה with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns. cp. פִּסֽיוֹן.]

פָשִׁיזְם m.n. FW Fascism. [It. fascismo, formed from fascio (= bundle; political group, organization), from L. fascēs (= bundle), and suff. – ismo (= L. – ismus). L. fascēs is pl. of fascis. See ‘bast’ in my CEDEL. and cp. ‘basket’ ibid. For the L. ending – ismus see suff. ◌ִיזֽם.]

פְּשִׁיחָה f.n. PBH fissure, split. [Verbal n. of פָּשַׁח. See פשׁח and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּשִּׁיט adj. NH extensive. [Formed from פִּשֵּׁט, Pi. of פּשׁט.] Derivative: פַּשִּׁיטוּת.

פְּשִׁיטָא ᴵ PBH 1 plain, self-evident truth. 2 of course! [Formed from the Aram. adj. פּֽשִׁיט (= straight, plain), properly Part. of פְּשַׁט. See פשׁט and cp. פּֽשִׁיטָא ᴵᴵ and פְּשִׁיטְתָּא.]

פְּשִׁיטָא ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH name of a coin, used only in the pl., esp. in the phrase פְּשִׁיטֵי דֽסָפְרָא, ‘the writer’s fee’. [Lit. ‘simple (coin)’; of the same origin as פְּשִׁיטָא ᴵᴵᴵ.]

פְּשִׁיטָא ᴵᴵᴵ m.n. MH a shortened form of פְּשִׁיטְתָּא (q.v.).

פְּשִׁיטָה f.n. PBH 1 undressing. PBH 2 stretching out, straightening. NH 3 attack, raid. [Properly verbal n. of פָּשַׁט (= he undressed, etc.). See פשׁט and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פַּשִּׁיטוּת f.n. NH extensiveness. [Formed from פַּשִּׁיט with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּשִׁיטוּת f.n. PBH 1 simple right of an heir, i.e. the heredity right of a not firstborn son (Talmudic law). MH 2 plainness, simplicity. [Formed from פָּשׁוּט (= simple), with suff. ◌וּת. cp. פַּשְׁטוּת.]

פְּשִׁיטְתָּא f.n. MH [Syr. פְּשִׁיטְתָּא (= lit.: ‘the simple’) f., shortened from מַפַּקְתָּא פְּשִׁיטֽתָּא (= the simple version), f. of פַּשִּׁיט (= straight, simple); prob. so called for its literal (not periphrastic) rendering of the text. Aram.–Syr. פּֽשִּׁיט is part. of פְּשַׁט. See פְּשִׁיטָא ᴵ and cp. פְּשִׁיטָא ᴵᴵ.]

פָשִׁיסְט m.n. FW fascist. [It. fascista, formed from fascio with suff. = ista (representing Gk. – istes). See פָשִׁיזֽם and suff. ◌ִיסֽט.] Derivative: פָשִׁיסְטִי.

פָשִׁיסְטִי adj. FW fascist, fascistic. [Formed from פָשִׁיסֽט with suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּשִׁיעָה f.n. PBH 1 negligence. NH 2 transgression, sin. [Verbal n. of פָּשַׁע. See פשׁע and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פּֽשִׁירָה f.n. MH becoming lukewarm. [Verbal n. of פָּשַׁר. See פשׁר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פשׁל to leave behind, throw back, to roll back (sleeves or trousers).
    — Qal - פָּשַׁל he threw back.
    — Niph. - נִפֽשַׁל was rolled back, was thrown back.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽשִׁיל PBH 1 he left behind, threw back; 2 he rolled back (sleeves or trousers); PBH 3 he twisted (since it is difficult to find any connection between this meaning and meaning 1 it seems that פשׁל in sense 3 is quite a different base).
    — Hoph. - הֻפֽשַׁל PBH 1 was left behind, was thrown back. NH 2 was rolled back. [Prob. related to Arab. fashila (= was or became cowardly, lost courage, went wrong).] Derivatives: הַפֽשָׁלָה, פֻפְשָׁל.

פשׂע to step, march.
    — Qal - פָּשַׂע he stepped, marched (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 27:4 in the form אֶפְשָׂעָה, ‘I will step’). [Aram.–Syr. פְּסַע (= he stepped, marched). cp. פסע.] Derivatives: פֶּשַׂע, מִפְשָׂע, מִפְשָׂעָה.

פשׁע to rebel, transgress.
    — Qal - פָּשַׁע 1 he rebelled, revolted; 2 he transgressed.
    — Niph. - נִפְשַׁע was transgressed against, was offended.
    — Hiph. - הִפְשִׁיעַ he caused to transgress. [Aram. פְּשַׁע (= he rebelled, transgressed), Syr. פֶּשַׁע (= was terrified), Ugar. psh‘ (= transgression).] Derivatives: פֶּשַׁע, פְּשִׁיעָה, פּוֹשֵׁע, תַּפְשׁוּעָה.

פֶּֽשַׁע m.n. 1 transgression, trespass. 2 guilt of transgression. NH 3 criminal act, crime.

פֶּֽשַׂע m.n. step (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Sam. I 20:3 in the sentence כּֽפֶשַׂע בֵּינִי וּבֵין הַמָּוֶת, ‘there is but a step between me and death’. [From פשׂע.]

פִּשְׁפּוּשׁ m.n. MH examination, investigation. [After Aram. פִּשְׁפּוּשָׁא, properly verbal n. of פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ. See פשׁפשׁ.]

פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ m.n. PBH bedbug. [Related Syr. פֶּשְׁפְּשָׁא (= bedbug), whence Arab. fasfas (of s.m.).] Prob. derivative: פשׁפשׁ.

פִּשְׁפָּשׁ m.n. PBH a wicket door. [Together with Syr. פַּשֽׁפְּשָׁא (of s.m.) of uncertain origin.]

פשׁפשׁ to examine, search.
    — Pi. - פִּשְּׁפֵּשׁ he searched, examined. [Usually connected with מִשֽׁמֵשׁ (= he touched, felt, examined, searched). It is more probable, however, that the verb פִּשְׁפֵּשׁ was denominated from the noun פִּשֽׁפֵּשׁ (= bedbug), and that accordingly, its orig. meaning was ‘he searched for bedbugs’, whence arose the meaning ‘he searched (in general)’. For sense development cp. פלה ᴵᴵ (= to search for vermin, delouse — to search, examine.] Derivative: פִּשְׁפּוּשׁ.

פשׂק to part, open wide, to straddle.
    — Qal - פָּשַׂק he parted, opened wide the lips (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 13:3 in the form of the part. פֹּשֵׂק).
    — Pi. - פִּשֵּׂק he spread apart (esp. said of one’s feet), opened wide (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 16:25 in the form וַתֵּפַשְׂקִי).
    — Pu. - פֻּשַּׂק was opened wide, was stretched.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּשֵּׂק it spread.
    — Hiph. - הִפְשִׂיק he opened wide. [Aram.–Syr. פּֽסַק (= he split, cleft, severed), Arab. faṣhaha (= he sprawled his legs), Ethiop. tafashḥa (= he rejoiced). For sense development cp. Arab. basaṭa (= he spread, spread out — he pealed, delighted). cp. פסק.] Derivatives: פֶּשֶׂק, פִּשּׂוּק, הִתְפַּשְּׂקוּת, מִפְשָׂק, מְפֻשָּׂק.

פֶּֽשֶׂק m.n. NH open place. [From פשׂק.]

פשׁר to melt, dissolve; to be or become lukewarm; to solve, interpret.
    — Qal - פָּשַׁר 1 melted, was dissolved; 2 was or became lukewarm; 3 he interpreted.
    — Niph. - נִפְשַׁר MH 1 melted, was dissolved; NH 2 became lukewarm; MH 3 was explained.
    — Pi. - פִּשֵּׁר PBH 1 he disengaged, freed; PBH 2 he arbitrated, compromised; NH 3 he explained.
    — Hith. - הִתְפַּשֵּׁר PBH 1 he accepted a compromise; NH 2 became lukewarm.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽשִׁיר PBH 1 he caused to melt; PBH 2 he made lukewarm; MH 3 he compromised.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְשַׁר was made lukewarm. [BAram. פְּשַׁר (= he interpreted a dream), Aram. פְּשַׁר (= it melted, was dissolved; he interpreted a dream, solved a riddle), פַּשֵּׁר (= he disengaged; he interpreted a dream, solved a riddle), Syr. פּֽשַׁר (= it melted, was dissolved; he interpreted a dream, solved a riddle), פַּשֵּׁר (= he melted, solved, liquefied; he interpreted a dream), Akka. pashāru (= to solve, to interpret dreams). Arab. fassara (= he explained), is prob. a Syr. loan word. פשׁר is related to base פתר. cp. שֶׁבֶר ᴵⱽ.] Derivatives: פִּֽשֶׁר, פְּשָׁרָה, פִּשֽׁרוֹן, פַּשֽׁרָן, פַּשְׁרָנִי, פִּשּׁוּר, פּֽשִׁירָה, פּוֹשֵׁר, הֶפְשֵׁר, הַפְשָׁרָה, הִתְפַּשְּׁרוּת. cp. אֶפְשָׁר.

פֵּֽשֶׁר m.n. solution, interpretation (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Eccles. 8:1 in the c. st.). [From פשׁר, whence also Aram. and BAram. פִּשְׁרָא, Syr. פְּשָׁר, פְּשָׁרָא (= interpretation, esp. of dreams).]

פְּשָׁרָה f.n. PBH 1 compromise, arrangement. 2 agreement. [Formed from פשׁר with first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּשְׁרוֹן m.n. MH solution, interpretation. [Formed from פשׁר with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פַּשְׁרָן m.n. MH 1 mediator, arbitrator. NH 2 compromiser. [Formed from פשׁר with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּשְׁרָנוּת.

פַּשְׁרָנוּת f.n. NH tendency to compromise. [Formed from פַּשְׁרָן with suff. ◌זּת.]

פַּשְׁרָנִי adj. NH compromising. [Formed from פשׁר with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פֶּֽשֶׁת m.n. (pl. פִּשֽׁתִּים) flax, linen. [Related to פשׁת in Gezer Calendar, Ugar. ptt, Punic phoust, and to Akka. pishtu, piltu, pillu (of s.m.).] Derivatives: פִּשֽׁתָּה, פִּשְׁתָּן.

פִּשְׁתָּה f.n. (pl. פִּשְׁתִּים) 1 flax, linen. 2 wick of flax. [Nomen unitatis formed from פֶּֽשֶׁת.]

פִּשְׁתָּן m.n. PBH flax, linen. [From פִּשְׂתָּה.] Derivative: פִּשְׁתָּנִי.

פִּשְׁתָּנִי m.n. & adj. PBH 1 flax worker, flax dealer. NH 2 flaxen, flaxy. [Formed from פִּשְׁתָּן with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פִּשְׁתָּנִית.

פִּשְׁתָּנִית f.n. NH Linaria (a genus of plants). [Formed from פִּשֽׁתָּן (= flax, linen), with suff. ◌ִית. Properly, loan translation of the scientific name Līnāria, which derives from līnum (= flax, linen), and was so called in allusion to its resemblance to flax.]

פֹּת f.n. (pl. פֻּתּוֹת) a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 3:17 in the form פָּתְהֵן, a word of uncertain meaning. It is usually rendered by ‘vulva’. Others see in פָּתֽהֵן a contraction of פּֽאַתֽהֶן (from פֵּאָה) and translate it ‘corner of their head’, i.e. ‘their forehead’. [Of uncertain origin. Prob. not related to פּוֹתָה. cp. מִפֽתָּן.]

פַּת f.n. morsel of bread, piece of bread. [From פתת, whence also Aram. פִּתָּא (= morsel of bread, piece of bread).]

פִּתְאוֹם, פִּתְאֹם adv. suddenly. [Prob. formed from פֶּתַע (= suddenly), with adv. suff. ◌ֹם, which is related to adv. suff. ◌ָם (q.v.). For the interchangeability of א and ע see the introductory entry to Letter א in this dictionary.] Derivative: פִּתְאוֹמִי.

פִּתְאוֹמִי adj. FW sudden. [Formed from פִּתְאוֹם with suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פִּתְאוֹמִיּוּת.

פִּתְאוֹמִיּוּת f.n. NH suddenness. [Formed from פִּתְאוֹמִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּתְבַּג m.n. (also spelled פַּת־בַּג) delicacy, a dainty delicacy. [Together with Syr. פַּתֽבָּגָא or פַּטֽבָּגָא (of s.m.), borrowed from Old Pers. patibaga (= dainties, delicacies). The spelling פַּת־בַּג is due to the erroneous supposition that this word is a compound whose first element is identical with פַּת (= piece of bread).]

פִּתְגָּם m.n. 1 edict, decree. NH 2 saying, proverb. [Together with BAram. פִּתְגָּם, JAram. פִּתֽגָּמָא, Syr. פֶּתְגָּמָא (= word, command), borrowed from Persian. cp. Old Pers. pratigama, Pers. * patgām, which properly mean ‘that which has come to, that which has arrived’.] Derivatives: פתגם, פִּתְגָּמוֹן.

פתגם to write proverbs.
    — Pi. - פִּתֽגֵּם he wrote proverbs. [Denominated from פִּתֽגָּם.]

פִּתְגָּמוֹן m.n. NH a collection or book of proverbs. [Formed from פִּתֽגָּם with suff. ◌וֹן ⱽ.]

פתה ᴵ to be simple, be foolish.
    — Qal - פָּתָה 1 he was simple, was foolish; 2 was enticed, was deceived.
    — Niph. - נִפֽתָּה 1 was persuaded, was enticed; 2 was deceived.
    — Pi. - פִּתָּה 1 he persuaded; 2 he enticed, seduced; 3 he deceived.
    — Pu. - פֻּתָּה 1 was persuaded; 2 was deceived.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּתָּה 1 was persuaded; 2 was enticed, was seduced.
    — Hiph. - הִפְתָּה 1 he persuaded; 2 he enticed, seduced. [Of uncertain origin. According to some scholars it is a special sense development of פתה ᴵᴵ (= to open wide), according to others it is denominated from פֶּתִי (= simpleton, fool). Still others connect it with base פתע, so that פתה ᴵ would have meant orig. ‘to act suddenly’, i.e. ‘without consideration’, ‘without deliberation’.] Derivatives: פַּתַּאי, פִּתּוּי, פְּתִי, פְּתַיּוּת, פּוֹתֶה, הִתֽפַּתּוּת. cp. פֶּתִי.

פתה ᴵᴵ to be wide, be spacious, be open.
    — Qal - פָּתָה he opened (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 20:19 in the part.).
    — Hiph. - הִפֽתָּה he widened (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Gen. 9:27). [Aram.–Syr. פּֽתָא (= was spacious, was abundant), BAram. פְּתַי, Syr. פּֽתָיָא, JAram. פַּתֽיָא, פּוּתְיָא (= breadth, width).] Derivative: פָּתוּי, possibly also פָּתִין.

פִּתָּה f.n. NH ‘pitah’ — Oriental flat bread. [Aram. פִּתָּא (see פַּת).]

פָּתוֹגֶנִי adj. FW pathogenic. [Compounded of Gk. pathos (= suffering, passion), and genes (= produced by), used in its modern sense ‘producing’. See פָּתוֹס and גֶּן. For the ending of פָּתוֹגֶנִי see suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּתֽוּחַ ᴵ adj. open. [Pass. part. of פָּתַח. See פתח ᴵ and cp. פָּתוּחַ ᴵᴵ.]

פָּתֽוּחַ ᴵᴵ adj. MH marked or voweled with a ‘patah’. [Pass. part. of פָּתַח. See פתח ᴵᴵᴵ.] Derivative: פּֽתִיחוּת.

פִּתּֽוּחַ ᴵ m.n. NH development. [Verbal n. of פִּתַּח, Pi. of פתח ᴵ.]

פִּתּֽוּחַ ᴵᴵ m.n. 1 engraving; 2 engraved work. [Verbal n. of פִּתַּח, Pi. of פתח ᴵᴵ.]

פָּתוּי adj. flat. [Pass. part. of פָּתָה ᴵ. See פתה ᴵᴵ.]

פִּתּוּי m.n. PBH 1 seduction, temptation, enticement. 2 damages (paid to a seduced woman). [Verbal n. of פִּתָּה, Pi. of פתה ᴵ.]

פָּתוּךְ adj. PBH mixed, blended. [Pass. part. of פָּתַךְ. See פתח.]

פִּתּוּךְ m.n. MH mixing, blending. [Verbal n. of פִּתֵּךְ, Pi. Of פתך.]

פָּתוּל adj. MH bound with a cord, twisted, twined. [Pass. part. of פָּתַל. See פתל.]

פִּתּוּל m.n. MH 1 twisting, twining, winding, tortion. 2 perverseness. [Verbal n. of פִּתֵּל, Pi. of פתל. cp. Aram. פִּתּוּלָא (= perverseness; turn of events, vicissitudes), from פַּתֵּל (= he perverted), Pa‘el of פּֽתַל.]

פָּתוֹלוֹגִי adj. FW pathologic(al). [From פָּתוֹלוֹגֽיָה. For the ending see suff. ◌ִי.]

פָּתוֹלוֹגְיָה f.n. FW pathology. [Medical L. pathologia (= study of disease), from Gk. pathos (= a suffering), and – logia (see פָּתוֹס and ◌לוֹגְיָה).]

פְּתוֹלָנִי adj. NH twisting, winding. [Formed from פתל with suff. ◌ָנִי.]

פָּתוֹס m.n. FW pathos. [Gk. pathos (= suffering, passion, misfortune, calamity), related to pathein, paschein (= to suffer), penthos (= grief, sorrow). cp. פָּתֶטִי, the first element in פָּתוֹלוֹגְיָה and the second element in סִימְפַּתְיָה.]

פְּתוֹר m.n. PBH solution, interpretation. [From פתר.]

פְּתוֹת m.n. crumb, bit (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 13:19 in the phrase פְּתוֹתֵי לֶחֶם, ‘crumbs of bread’. [From פתת. cp. Arab. futāt (= crumbs).]

פתח ᴵ to open.
    — Qal - פָּתַח 1 he opened; 2 he opened wide; 3 he opened up, uttered, declared, expounded.
    — Niph. - נִפְתַּח 1 was opened; 2 was opened wide; 3 was untied; 4 was begun.
    — Pi. - פִּתַּח 1 he opened; 2 he untied; 3 he freed, set free; NH 4 he developed.
    — Pu. - פֻּתַּח PBH 1 was opened; NH 2 was developed.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּתַּח 1 he freed himself; PBH 2 was opened; PBH 3 he regained his sight; NH 4 developed, was developed. [Phoen. פתח (= to open), Aram.–Syr. פּֽתַח (= he opened), Ugar. ptḥ, OSArab. ptḥ (= to open), Arab. fataḥa, Ethiop. fataḥa (= he opened), Akka. pitū, patū (= to open).] Derivatives: פֶּתַח, פַּתָּח ᴵᴵ, פִּתֵּחַ, פִּתְחוֹן, פָּתוּחַ ᴵ, פָּתוּחַ ᴵᴵ, פִּתּוּחַ ᴵ, פָּתִיחַ ᴵ, פָּתִיחַ ᴵᴵ, פְּתִיחָה ᴵ, פְּתִיחָה ᴵᴵ, פּוֹתְחָן, פּוֹתַחַת, הִפָּתְחוּת, הִתֽפַּתְּחוּת, מִפְתָּח, מַפְתֵּחַ, מֽפַתֵּחַ ᴵ, מְפֻתָּח ᴵ. cp. תַּפֽתִּיחַ.

פתח ᴵᴵ to carve, engrave.
    — Pi. - פִּתַּח he engraved.
    — Pu. - פֻּתַּח was engraved (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ezek. 39:6 in the form מֽפֻתָּחֹת). [Aram. פַּתַּח (= he engraved), Akka. patāḥu (= to bore, penetrate), Arab. fataḥa, fatḥa (= ring), OSArab. פתח (= to bore). cp. פחת.] Derivatives: פִּתּוּחַ ᴵᴵ, מְפֻתָּח ᴵᴵ.

פתח ᴵᴵᴵ to mark or vowel with a ‘patah’.
    — Niph. - נִפְתַּח was marked or voweled with a ‘patah’. [Denominated from פַּתָּח ᴵᴵ.] — The Qal is only used in the part. (see פָּתוּחַ ᴵᴵ).

פֶּֽתַח m.n. 1 opening, doorway. 2 entrance. PBH 3 starting point. [From פתח ᴵ. cp. פֵּתַח.]

פֵּתַח m.n. an opening (occurring only Ps. 119:130 in the phrase פֵּתַח דְּבָרֶיךָ, ‘the opening of the words’. [A collateral form of פֶּתַח.]

פַּתָּח ᴵ m.n. PBH engraver. [Nomen opificis formed from פִּתַּח (= he engraved), Pi. of פתח ᴵᴵ.]

פַּתָּח ᴵᴵ, פַּתַּח m.n. MH (pl. פַּתָּחִין) ‘patah’ (Heb. grammar). [From פתח ᴵᴵᴵ. cp. Aram. פּֽתָחָא, Arab. fatḥa. cp. פַּתְחָה.]

פִּתֵּֽחַ adj. PBH possessing the faculty of sight, not blind. [From פתח ᴵ. For the form cp. פִּקֵּחַ.]

פַּתְחָה f.n. MH ‘patah’ (Heb. grammar). [Another name of פַּתָּח ᴵᴵ.]

פִּתְחוֹן m.n. opening (used esp. in the phrase פִּתְחוֹן־פֶּה, Ezek. 16:63, 29:21, ‘freedom of speech’, ‘eloquence’). MH 2 pretext. [Formed from פתח ᴵ with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פָּתֶטִי adj. FW pathetic. [Back formation from Gk. pathetikos (= capable of emotion), from pathetos (= subject to suffering), verbal adj. of pathein (= to suffer). See פָּתוֹס and suff. ◌ִי.] Derivative: פָּתֶטִיּוּת.

פָּתֶטִיּוּת f.n. FW pathos. [Formed from פָּתֶטִי with suff. ◌וּת.]

פֶּֽתִי m.n. (pl. פְּתָאִים, also פּֽתָיִים, פְּתָאיִים) fool, simpleton. [Related to Arab. fatan (= young man in the prime of life; slave; hero); see פתה ᴵ.] Derivative: פְּתַיָּה.

פְּתִי m.n. folly, simplicity (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 1:22 in the pausal form פֶּֽתִי). [From פתה ᴵ.]

פְּתִיגִיל m.n. a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Is. 3:24, of uncertain meaning; usually rendered by ‘rich robe’. [Of uncertain etymology; prob. a foreign word.]

פְּתַיָּה f.n. & adj. NH fool (f.), foolish (f.). [Formed from פֶּתִי. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פִּתָּיוֹן m.n. NH 1 bait; 2 lure, decoy. [Formed from פִּתָּה, Pi. of פתה ᴵ, with ◌וֹן, suff. forming abstract nouns.]

פְּתַיּוּת f.n. folly, foolishness (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Pr. 9:13). [Formed from פתה ᴵ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פָּתֽיחַ ᴵ m.n. PBH plowed land, furrow. [From פתח ᴵ.]

פָּתִֽיחַ ᴵᴵ adj. NH openable. [Coined from פתח ᴵ (= to open), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

פְּתִֽיחַ m.n. NH lead (in newspaper story). [From פתח ᴵ.]

פְּתִיחָה ᴵ m.n. PBH 1 opening. MH 2 open place. MH 3 beginning. MH 4 introduction to a book. NH 5 overture (music). [Verbal n. of פָּתַח. See פתח ᴵ and first suff. ◌ָה and cp. פְּתִיחְתָּא.]

פְּתִיחָה ᴵᴵ f.n. drawn sword (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Ps. 55:22 in the pl.). [From פתח ᴵ. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּתִיחוּת f.n. MH 1 opening. NH 2 openness. [Formed from פָּתוּחַ with suff. ◌וּת.]

פְּתִיחְתָּא f.n. PBH introduction. [Aram., from פְּתַח (= he opened, he began). See פתח ᴵ and cp. פְּתִיחָה ᴵ.]

פְּתִיכָה f.n. MH mixture, blending. [Verbal n. of פָּתַךְ. See פתך and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּתִיל ᴵ, פְּתִיל m.n. 1 thread, cord. NH 2 fuse. [From פתל. cp. Arab. fatīl (= headrope).]

פָּתִיל ᴵᴵ adj. bound, tied, twisted. [From פתל.]

פְּתִילָה ᴵ f.n. PBH 1 twisted cord, wick. PBH 2 string. MH 3 suppository. [Formed from פתל with first suff. ◌ָה.] Derivative: פְּתִילִיָּה.

פְּתִילָה ᴵᴵ f.n. MH twisting. [Verbal n. of פָּתַל ᴵ. See פתל and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פְּתִילִיָּה f.n. NH kerosene stove. [Formed from פְּתִילָה ᴵ with suff. ◌ִיָּה.]

פָּתִין m.n. PBH crossbeam. [Of uncertain origin; possibly derived from פתה ᴵᴵ (= to be wide, be broad), and lit. meaning ‘a broad beam’, or related to פֹּת (= forehead). cp. מִפְתָּן (= threshold).]

פְּתִיעָה f.n. NH surprise. [From פתע. For the ending see first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּתִיר adj. NH capable of solution, solvable. [Coined from פתר (= to solve), according to the pattern פָּעִיל, which is used to form adjectives denoting capability or fitness.]

פְּתִירָה f.n. NH solution. [Verbal n. of פָּתַר. See פתר and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פָּתִית m.n. PBH flakes, dough crumbs. [From פתת.]

פְּתִיתָה f.n. PBH crumbing. [Verbal n. of פָּתַת. See פתת and first suff. ◌ָה.]

פתך to mix, to blend.
    — Qal - פָּתַךְ he mixed, blended.
    — Niph. - נִפְתַּךְ was mixed, was blended.
    — Pu. - פֻּתַּךְ (of s.m.). [Borrowed from Aram.–Syr. פּֽתַךְ (= he mixed, blended).] Derivatives: פָּתוּךְ, פִּתּוּךְ, פְּתִיכָה.

פתל to twist, twine.
    — Qal - פָּתַל he twisted, twined.
    — Niph. - נִפְתַּל NH 1 was twisted, was twined; 2 he wrestled (lit. ‘twisted himself’); 3 was tortuous, was perverted.
    — Pi. - פִּתֵּל 1 he twisted; 2 he perverted.
    — Pu. - פֻּתַּל PBH 1 was tortuous; NH 2 was perverted.
    — Hith. - הִתֽפַּתֵּל 1 he showed himself subtle; NH 2 he wrestled; NH 3 twisted, was tortuous. [Aram.–Syr. פְּתַל (= he twisted, distorted, perverted), Arab. fatala (= he twisted together, plaited), Ethiop. fatala (= he turned, twisted), Akka. patālu (= to wind, sling). cp. תפל ᴵ.] Derivatives: פֶּתֶל, פָּתוּל, פִּתּוּל, פְּתוֹלָנִי, פָּתִיל ᴵ, פָּתִיל ᴵᴵ, פַּתְּלָן, פַּתֶּלֶת, פְּתַלְתֹּל, הִתְפַּתּֽלוּת, מִפְתָּל, מֽפֻתָּל, נִפְתָּל, נַפְתּוּלִים, תִּפְתֹּלֶת.

פֶּֽתֶל m.n. NH Spirillum (a genus of bacteria). [From פתל; the genus is so called in allusion to its spiral shape.]

פַּתְּלָן m.n. NH a crooked person. [Formed from פִּתֵּל, Pi. of פתל, with agential suff. ◌ָן.] Derivative: פַּתּֽלָנוּת.

פַּתְּלָנוּת f.n. NH crookedness. [Formed from פַּתְּלָן with suff. ◌וּת.]

פַּתֶּֽלֶת f.n. NH spirillosis (disease). [Formed from פתל (= to twist), according to the pattern פַּעֶלֶת serving to form names of diseases. See e.g. אַדֶּמֶת and cp. words there referred to.]

פְּתַלְתֹּל adj. crooked, tortuous, perverted (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Deut. 32:5). [Formed from פתל through reduplication of the second and third radical.] Derivatives: פְּתַלֽתֻּלִּי, פְּתַלְתֹּלֶת.

פְּתַלְתֻּלִּי adj. NH tortuous. [Formed from פּֽתַלֽתֹּל with adj. suff. ◌ִי.]

פְּתַלְתֹּֽלֶת f.n. NH twisting; confusion. [Formed from פְּתַלֽתֹּל with subst. suff. ◌ֶת.]

פֶּֽתֶן m.n. a venomous serpent, cobra. [Related to Aram. פִּתְנָא, Syr. פַּתְנָא, Ugar. bṯm (= serpent), Arab. bathan, prob. also to Akka. bashmu (= sea serpent). For the interchangeability of the letters ב and פ, see the introductory entry to letter ב, for that of מ and נ, see the introductory entry to letter מ.]

פֶּֽתַע adv. suddenly. [cp. Akka. ina pitti, ina pittimma (= in suddenness, instantly). Some scholars connect פֶּתַע with Arab. baghta (= unexpected event, surprise). However, this word, deriving from baghata (= it came or happened suddenly), is in reality a derivative of base בעת. cp. פִּתְאֹם.] Derivatives: פתע, פִּתֽעִי.

פתע to surprise, to amaze.
    — Hiph. - הִפֽתִּיעַ he amazed, surprised.
    — Hoph. - הֻפְתַּע was amazed, was surprised. [Denominated from פֶתַע.] Derivatives: פְּתִיעָה, הַפְתָּעָה, מַפְתִּיעַ, מִפְתָּע, מֻפְתָּע.

פִּתֽעִי adj. NH sudden. [Formed from פֶּתַע with suff. ◌ִי.]

פִּתְפּוּת m.n. PBH crumbing, crumbling. [Verbal n. of פִּתְפֵּת. See פתפת.]

פתפת to crumb, crumble, mash.
    — Pilp. - פִּתְפֵּת he broke bread into pieces, he crumbed, crumbled.
    — Hithpalp. - הִתְפַּתְפֵּת was broken into pieces (said of bread), was crumbed, was crumbled, was mashed. [Pilp. of פתת (for other Pilp. verbs formed from ע״ע verbs, see בזבז). cp. Syr. פִּתְפֵּת (= he broke bread into pieces, crumbed, crumbled), Arab. fatfata (of s.m.).]

פתק ᴵ to cleave, split; whence ‘to open’ (a dam).
    — Qal - פָּתַק he opened (a dam).
    — Niph. - נִפְתַּק was opened (said of a dam).
    — Pi. - פִּתֵּק he opened (a dam). [Syr. פְּתַק (= he cleft, split; it burst, broke open), Aram. פּֽתַק (= he threw), Arab. fataqa (= he cleft, split), Akka. patāqu (= to fashion, form, mold).]

פתק ᴵᴵ to card-index.
    — Pi. - פִּתֵּק he card-indexed.
    — Pu. - פֻּתַּק was card-indexed. [Denominated from פֶּתֶק.]

פֶּֽתֶק ᴵᴵ m.n. PBH (also פִּטָּק) 1 tablet ballot; 2 note, piece of paper. [Aram. פִּתְקָא from Gk pittakion (= tablet for writing on, label, ticket; votive tablet; list of members of an association), which is of uncertain, possibly Thracian, origin.] Derivatives: פתק ᴵᴵ, פִּתְקָה.

פִּתְקָה f.n. MH note, piece of paper. [From Aram. פִּתְקָא (= tablet, ballot; note, piece of paper). See פֶתֶק.]

פתר to solve, interpret.
    — Qal - פָּתַר 1 he solved, interpreted (esp. dreams); MH 2 he explained.
    — Niph. - נִפְתַּר PBH 1 was solved, was interpreted; MH 2 was explained. [A base collateral with פשׁר.] Derivatives: פִּתֽרוֹן, פָּתִיר, פּֽתִירָה.

פִּתְרוֹן m.n. (pl. פִּתֽרוֹנִים, also פִּתֽרוֹנוֹת) solution, interpretation. [From פתר.]

פַּתְשֶֽׁגֶן m.n. copy (in the Bible occurring Est. 3:14, 4:8, 8:13). [A var. of פַּרְשֶׁגֶן (q.v.), a loan word from BAram. פַּרְשֶׁגֶן, which, together with JAram.–Syr. פַּרֽשַׁגְנָא, is a Persian loan word. cp. Avestic paiti, Old Pers. patiy (= again; what is announced for the second time).]

פתת to break (esp. bread) into pieces, crumb, crumble.
    — Qal - פָּתַת he broke into pieces, crumbed, crumbled (a hapax legomenon in the Bible, occurring Lev. 2:6 in the inf.).
    — Pilp. see . - פתפת . [Syr. פַּת, Arab. fatta, Ethiop. fatata (= he broke into pieces, crumbed, crumbled).] Derivatives: פַּת, פְּתוֹת, פָּתִית, פּֽתִיתָה, הַפְתָּתָה.